query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
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Metabolism of a drug primarily results in | Ref-Katzung 10/e p50 After metabolism most of the drugs become inactive and their excreted through the kidney. Lipids soluble drugs wil be reabsprbed whereas water soluble drugs are easily excreted.thus, metabolism of drugs helps in the conversion of liquid soluble drugs to water soluble metabolites | 5,200 | medmcqa_train |
A 43-year-old 190 cm man post a flight to Chennai presents with left-sided chest discomfort and dyspnea. On chest X-ray, there is a small area devoid of lung markings in the apex of the left lung. Diagnosis is? | Ans. A Spontaneous pneumothoraxRef: CMDT 2019 pg. 325Spontaneous pneumothorax occurs from a rupture of an apical pleural bleb and is associated with tall, young males and is also seen with aeroplane ascent. | 5,201 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following properties make pyridostigmine different from neostigmine ? | Though less potent than Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine has longer duration of action (3 to 6 hrs)
Duration of action of neostigmine is 0.5 to 2 hrs. | 5,202 | medmcqa_train |
Aniseikonia is- | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Difference in the size of image formed by the two eyes * Anisoeikonia is defined as a condition wherein the images projected on the visual cortex from the two retinae are abnormally unequal in size or shape. Causes may be : -i) Optical aniseikonia: - When the difference between refractive error of two... | 5,203 | medmcqa_train |
Middle meningeal aery passes through which foramen? | The middle meningeal aery is a branch of the first pa of the maxillary aery, given off in the infratemporal fossa. In infratemporal fossa, the aery runs upwards and medially deep to the lateral pterygoid muscle and superficial to the sphenomandibular ligament. Here it passes through a loop formed by the two roots of th... | 5,204 | medmcqa_train |
Denominator in General fertility rate is? | ANSWER: (B) Women in reproductive age group in a given yearREF: Parks textbook 20th edition page419Repeat from December 2008General fertility rate: Number of live births per 1000 women in reproductive age group in a given yearGeneral marital fertility rate: Number of live births per 1000 married women in reproductive a... | 5,205 | medmcqa_train |
A patient presented in emergency with tachycardia, hyperthermia, bronchial dilatation and constipation. The person is likely to be suffering from overdose of: | Ans. (A) Atropine(Ref: Modi's Medical jurisprudence and Toxicology. 23rd, 2005/92, 403, 429-430, Goodman and Gilman 12/e p234-235)These are the characteristic features of anti-cholinergic overdose. | 5,206 | medmcqa_train |
A 58-year-old woman presents with an irregular nodularity that has developed in her right breast over the past 3 months. Mammography demonstrates irregular densities in both breasts. A needle biopsy of one breast lesion is shown. An excisional biopsy of the contralateral breast shows similar histology. Which of the fol... | Lobular carcinoma in situ arises in the terminal duct lobular unit. Malignant cells appear as solid clusters that pack and distend the terminal ducts but not to the extent of ductal carcinoma in situ. The lesion does not usually incite the dense fibrosis and chronic inflammation so characteristic of intraductal carcino... | 5,207 | medmcqa_train |
The following muscle is an opener of the glottis - | Opener (abductor) of glottis is posterior cricoarytenoid. | 5,208 | medmcqa_train |
True about hiatus hernia | HIATUS HERNIA is the most common type of a diaphragmatic hernia classified into type 1 -commonest, small, reducible and is the cephalad displacement of the gastro oesophagal junction into the mediastinum. type 2 -superior migration of fundus of the stomach alongside the GE junction type 3 -combination of both sliding h... | 5,209 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following staphylococcal protein is a superantigen- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Exfoliative toxin Examples of superantigeno Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxino Staphylococcal enterotoxinso Staphylococcal exfoliative (erythrogenic) toxino Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome toxino Certain nonhuman retroviral proteinso Yersinia pseudotuberculosiso Mycoplasma arthritis,o Mouse... | 5,210 | medmcqa_train |
Base substitution of GAC (Asp) to GAG (Glu) is an example ofa) Point mutationb) Silent mutationc) Non-sense mutationd) Conserved mutatione) Non-conserved mutation | It is a point mutation because only single nucleotide is changed (C by G).
It is a conserved mutation because altered AA has same properties as the original one (Both are acidic). | 5,211 | medmcqa_train |
Nerve supply of Glans penis is | Innervation of penis : nerves deriving from S2-S4. Sensory & sympathetic innervation: provided by the dorsal nerve of penis (terminal branch of pudendal nerve), which runs lateral to dorsal aery of penis. It Supplies both skin and glans. The sensory endings are more numerous on the glans). Ilioinguinal nerve branches s... | 5,212 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following structures forms the boundaries of the quadrangular space which is present under the deltoid muscle in the shoulder region, from the posterior side, EXCEPT: | Structures forming the boundaries of the quadrangular space from the posterior side are:Superiorly by teres minorInferiorly by teres majorLaterally by surgical neck of humerusMedially by long head of triceps brachiiContents of the quadrangular space are:Axillary nervePosterior circumflex humeral vesselsSagging pa of sh... | 5,213 | medmcqa_train |
platelet activating factor causes all except: | PAF is another phospholipid derived mediator having the following inflammatory effects: Platelet aggregation Vasoconstriction Bronchoconstriction At extremely low concentration, it may cause vasodilation and increased venular permeability Increases leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium (by enhancing integrin-mediated l... | 5,214 | medmcqa_train |
Skin involvement in toxic epidermal necrolysis? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., > 30% Erythema multiforme It is an acute , often self limited eruption characterized by a distinctive clinical eruption, the hallmark of which is target lesions (Iris lesions). EM can present with wide spectrum of severity which can be classified into 1. Erythema multiforme minor It is simply referred... | 5,215 | medmcqa_train |
Coronary vasodilatation is caused by | Refer kDT 7/e p536 It serves as a metabolic coupler between oxygen consumption andcoronary blood flow. ... Parasympathetic stimulation of the hea (i.e., vagal nerve activation) elicits modest coronary vasodilation(due to the direct effects of released acetylcholine on the coronaries). In some types of blood vessels, th... | 5,216 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the laboratory test supports the diagnosis of preeclampsia | Pre - eclampsia Diagnostic criteria
B.P > 140 /90 mmHg after 20 weeks in previously normotensive women
Proteinuria > 300 mg / 24 hours or
Protein : Creatinine ratio > 0.3 or
Dipstick 1 + Persistent.
Platelets < 100,000 / μ L
Creatinine > 1.1 mg / dL
Serum transaminase levels twice normal. | 5,217 | medmcqa_train |
Craniospinal irradiation is employed in the treatment of: | Medulloblastoma | 5,218 | medmcqa_train |
Madelung's deformity involves - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Distal radiusMadelung's deformityo Madelung's deformity is a congenital disorder that affects growth of distal radius.o The primary defect is failure of normal growth of medial and palmar halves of the distal radial physis, leading to curvature in an medial (ulnar) and palmar direction,o The ulna is r... | 5,219 | medmcqa_train |
Oolani&;s test is used in | OOLANI&;STEST is used to test DDH in infants In this test the baby&;s thighs are held with the thumbs medially and the fingers resting on the greater trochanters; the hips are flexed to 90 degrees and gently abducted. In NORMAL baby, there is smooth abduction to almost 90 degrees. In CONGENITAL DISLOCATION the movement... | 5,220 | medmcqa_train |
Ideal substance for measuring GFR should have all characteristics except | The Ideal substance to measure GFR is Inulin or following reasons ; It is non-toxic; It is freely filterable by the glomeruli; it is not bound to proteins It is neither secreted nor reabsorbed by the tubules; It is not synthesized, stored, or destroyed by the kidney . Thus, Filtered inulin = excreted inulin .Hence, it ... | 5,221 | medmcqa_train |
Oakley fulthrope procedure is | Antibody (antiserum) is incorporated in agar, poured into a tube and allowed to harden. A second layer of agar without antibody is placed above and allowed to solidify. Antigen solution is placed above the agar. The precipitin band appears in the plain agar column. Ref ananthnarayana and panikers microbiology textbook ... | 5,222 | medmcqa_train |
A 75-year-old male presented with chief complaint of pain in the right shoulder. CXR is shown below. Which of the following could be the cause of pain in this patient? | CXR shows a mass in the right lung apex and there is associated destruction of the right 2nd and 3rd ribs posteriorly. A combination of an apical mass along with the destruction of the rib is characteristic of Pancoast tumor/ Superior Sulcus Tumor. MRI is a more sensitive investigation in identifying the extension of t... | 5,223 | medmcqa_train |
A 50-year-old woman undergoes neurosurgery for resection of a well-circumscribed intracranial neoplasm attached to the dura. The tumor compressed the underlying brain parenchyma without infiltration. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? | The gross features of this dural-based tumor are consistent with meningioma, the most frequent benign intracranial neoplasm. It arises from meningothelial cells and histologically consists of whorls of elongated cells with scattered psammoma bodies. The benign behavior of this tumor is apparent from its "pushing" patte... | 5,224 | medmcqa_train |
Which is the commonest indication of classical cesarean section? | ANSWER: (C) Dense adhesion in lower uterine segmentREF: William's obs 22nd e p- 5987Classical caesarean section is not done these days f however its done in cases where the lower segment is not approachable. Uterine incision is made on upper segment above the reflection of uterovesical fold of peritoneum.Indications of... | 5,225 | medmcqa_train |
All of the followoing non-mycobacterial microorganisms display acid fastness, EXCEPT: | Microorganisms other than mycobacteria that display some acid fastness includes Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Legionella micdadei, Protozoa Isospora and Cryptosporidium. Reference: Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Page 1340 | 5,226 | medmcqa_train |
Surgery of choice for chronic acquired dacryocystitis | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Dacryocystorhinostomy Treatment of chronic dacryocystitis Congenital Adult (acquired) Massage over lacrimal sac with antibiotic eye drops Conservative :- Massage, antibiotic drops, probing, Syringing (irrigation) with normal saline & syringing antibiotic solution Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) :- Surgery... | 5,227 | medmcqa_train |
A mother presents to the neonatology OPD with her baby because of yellow extremities. On examination, there is petechial rash over the body, hepatosplenomagaly, microcephaly. What is the causative organism? | Features of congenital CMV infection are: petechial rash, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, microcephaly, periventricular calcification, deafness, chorioretinitis,IUGR. congenital rubella syndrome: triad of cardiac defects, cataract and conductive hearing loss neonatal herpes presents as skin lesions with eye involvement, ... | 5,228 | medmcqa_train |
Smokeless gun powder is composed of ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Nitrocellulose Smoke producing powder :- Black powder (black gun powder), Pyrodex. Smokeless powder :- Black powder plus nitrocellulose/nitrocellulose + nitroglycerine/nitroglycerine + nitrocellulose nitroguanidine. Semismokeless powder :- 80% black powder plus 20% smokeless powder. | 5,229 | medmcqa_train |
Soap bubble appearance on Xray is seen in which bone tumor ? | Ans. is 'A' i.e., Rheumatoid ahritis Repeat from previous sessions. See explanation-3 of session-3. | 5,230 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is the organism causing chronic burrowing ulcer? | Chronic Burrowing ulcer is also known as Meleney's ulcer. This type of ulcer is caused by a hemolytic microaerophilic Streptococci, and usually develops after surgery on the intestinal or genital tract. Ref: A Manual On Clinical Surgery, By, S.Das,Page, 52, 53; Oxford Textbook Of Surgery, 2000, 2nd Edition, Page 105; T... | 5,231 | medmcqa_train |
Most common tumour in undescended testis is : | Approximately 95% of testicular tumors are derived from germ cells. Seminomas tend to remain localized in the testis for a longer period, are radiosensitive, and metastasize to lymph nodes, whereas nonseminomatous neoplasms metastasis sooner, are radioresistant, and tend to metastasize hematogenous routes. Risk factors... | 5,232 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following disorder is an indication for the use of steroids in neonates? | Bronchopulmonary disorder is a chronic lung disorder which occur in children born prematurely with low bihweight and who recieved prolonged mechanical ventilation to treat respiratory distress syndrome. Treatment modalities includes use of surfactant, inhalational glucocoicoids with beta 2 agonists . | 5,233 | medmcqa_train |
Somatosensory area I largest representation is for | Coical areas for sensation from trunk and back are small, whereas large areas are concerned with impulses from hand and pas of mouth. And from the figure 11-4 it is evident that area for hand is more than face. Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology; 23rd edition; pg:175 | 5,234 | medmcqa_train |
In trichomonas - vaginalis: | (Greenish discharge) (125-Smaw's 13th) (107-S14th)* Trichomoniasis - 70% show typical discharge, which is profuse, thin creamy or slightly green in colour irriting and frothy discharge (almost self diagnostic)Multiple small punctate strawberry spots on the vaginal vault and portio-vaginalis of the cervix {strawberry va... | 5,235 | medmcqa_train |
Regarding sudeck's osteodystrophy all are true except | D i.e. Self limiting & good prognosis - International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) has advocated the term complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS-1) for reflex sympathetic dystrophy and term complex regional pain syndrome type 2 (CRPS-2) to describe causalgia or similar signs and symptoms associated wit... | 5,236 | medmcqa_train |
Increased BMR is associated with - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Increased glycolysis o Increased BMR is associated with hyper metabolic state which is characterized by :-Carbohydrate metabolismi) | Glycolysis| Gluconeogenesis| Glvcogenesis| GlyeogenolysisLipid metablism| Lipogenesis| Lipolysis| Cholesterol Synthesis| Triacylglycerol Synthesis| Lipoprotein degradat... | 5,237 | medmcqa_train |
Histone acetylation causes | Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as pa of gene regulation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential pas of gene regulation. These reactions are typ... | 5,238 | medmcqa_train |
A pregnant woman of >35 weeks gestation has SLE. All of the following drugs are used in treatment except: | Methotrexate is very effective in treating Systemic Lupus erythematosus(SLE) but during pregnancy, it can cross the placenta and cause the teratogenic effect to the fetus. The main teratogenic effect caused by Methotrexate is cleft palate, hydrocephalus, multiple defect, and fetal death. ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL PHARMACOL... | 5,239 | medmcqa_train |
Boorheave syndrome involves perforation of esophagus after | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Vomiting [Ref: CSDT 13th/ep.444 & 11th/e p. 490; Schwartz 9th/ep.874 & 8th/e, p. 906; Bailey & Love 25th/e p.1014 & 24th/ep.996}* Boerhaave's syndrome is spontaneous perforation of the esophagus, occuring usually due tosevere barotrauma when a person vomits against a closed glottis. The pressure in th... | 5,240 | medmcqa_train |
Horner syndrome causes all, except: | Mydriasis | 5,241 | medmcqa_train |
β - blocker toxicity is treated by | Glucagon is used to treat Overdose of β - blockers
Fomepizole is used to Ethylene Glycol poisoning. | 5,242 | medmcqa_train |
Investigation of choice for studying Renal Coical mass | C i.e. 99 - Tc - DMSA DTPA (Renogram) DMSA (Isotope Scanning) - DTPA is freely filtered at glomerulus with no - Tc.99 DMSA is used for renal morphological tubular reabsorption or excretion (i.e. GFR = (anatomic) imagine Excretory function) - This compound gets fixed in renal tubules & images - DTPA is useful for evalua... | 5,243 | medmcqa_train |
Drugs commonly used in pre-anaesthetic medication are all except | Succinylcholine is a neuro muscular blocker used during induction of General anaesthesia. Drugs used in premedication include benzodiazepines like midazolam, diazepam; opioids like morphine, fentanyl; anticholinergics like atropine, scopolamine, glycopyrrolate. | 5,244 | medmcqa_train |
All are the criteria for medical management of ectopic pregnancy except: | Ans. C. Pregnancy diameter <5cmCriteria are:a. Asymptomatic patient.b. Serum b-hCGlevel<2000IU/L.c. Pregnancy diameter <2cm.d. Unruptured tube.e. Non-active bleeding.f. No fetal cardiac activity on USG.g. <100ml blood in the pouch of Douglas. | 5,245 | medmcqa_train |
Stain with parasite having Charcot-Layden crystals but no pus cells: | Ans. is 'c' i.e., E. histolytica(Ref: Harrison, 19th/e, p. 1685; D.R. Arora, 2nd/e, p. 26, 27)* Fecal finding in amoebiasis are:I. Charcot-Leyden crystals.II. Positive test for heme.III. Paucity (lack) of neutrophils (pus cells). | 5,246 | medmcqa_train |
A 75-year-old man with a history of myocardial infarction 2 years ago, peripheral vascular disease with symptoms of claudication after walking half a block, hypeension, and diabetes presents with a large ventral hernia. He wishes to have the hernia repaired. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in h... | The patient should undergo persantine thallium stress testing followed by echocardiography to assess his need for coronary angiogram with possible need for angioplasty, stenting, or surgical revascularization prior to repair of his hernia. Although exercise stress testing is an appropriate method for evaluating a patie... | 5,247 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following drugs used to treat MDR TB can cause hypothyroidism: | Adverse effects of Ethionamide Gastro-intestinal: epigastric discomfo, anorexia, nausea, metallic taste, vomiting, excessive salivation, and sulfurous belching Psychiatric: hallucination and depression Hepatitis Hypothyroidism and goitre with prolonged administration Gynaecomastia, menstrual disturbances, impotence, ac... | 5,248 | medmcqa_train |
Classic Galactosemia is due to deficiency of: | Galactose 1-Phosphatase Uridyltransferase (GALT) the rate-limiting enzyme of galactose metabolism is deficient in galactosemia. Galactose undergoes an exchange reaction with UDP-glucose to produce glucose 1-phosphate and UDP-galactose, using the rate-limiting enzyme galactose 1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT). Galac... | 5,249 | medmcqa_train |
A female presents with placenta previa with active bleeding and blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg and pulse rate of 140 bpm. The choice of anaesthesia for emergency cesarean section in this female is? | Ans. (B) General anesthesia with intravenous ketamine(Ref: Williams Obstetrics 24th/e p518; Morgan 4th/197-199)The patient is presenting with shock, so spinal anesthesia cannot be used. Among the general anesthetics, ketamine is drug of choice for induction in patients with low blood pressure. | 5,250 | medmcqa_train |
Drug of choice in bacterial vaginosis is : | Metronidazole | 5,251 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following statements is wrong regarding hematoma | Ref. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. Pg. 436
Hematoma
A hematoma is a localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels ,due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries .
A hematoma is initially liquid in form spread among the tissues i... | 5,252 | medmcqa_train |
Lymphatic drainage of upper outer quadrant of breast ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Anterior axillary Most lymph, especially that from the superior lateral quadrant and center of breast, drains into the axillary lymph nodes, which, in turn, are drained by the subclan lymphatic trunk. Among the axillary nodes, the lymphatics end mostly in the anterior groups and paly the posterior and... | 5,253 | medmcqa_train |
Opsonization takes place through- | 1. All the three complement activation pathways(classical , alternate , lectin) lead to activation of C3, resulting in the production of C3b. Hence, C3b is considered as the central molecule in the activation of the complement cascade. 2. The C3b has two impoant functions to perform First, it combines with other compon... | 5,254 | medmcqa_train |
What is your diagnosis:- | Following image shows a defect in the orbital floor and the 'tear drop' sign in the antrum characteristic of blow out fractures of orbit. WATER'S view on X-RAY is helpful in eliciting orbital blow out fracture | 5,255 | medmcqa_train |
All are true about fully frozen Ice pack except:- | Fully Frozen Ice Pack; Fill water up to horizontal mark with plain tap water. Smallest Component of cold chain. If there is any leakage such ice-packs should be discarded. 2 vaccines are kept in two holes inside the ice pack. Can maintain vaccine temeprature for 2-4 hours. | 5,256 | medmcqa_train |
Most common presentation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is? | Ans. is'a'i.e., Neck mass(Ref: Dhingra Sn/e p. 265)Neck mass is the most common presentation (60-90%) due to cervical lymphadenopathy. | 5,257 | medmcqa_train |
Sixth cranial nerve lies at? | Sixth cranial nerve which supplies the lateral rectus muscle of the eyeball. one nerve fibre supplies approximately six muscles fibers. Abducent nucleus is situated in the upper pa of the floor of fouh ventricle in the lower pons, beneath the facial colliculus.ventromedially it is closely related to the medial longitud... | 5,258 | medmcqa_train |
Treatment of Ca Cervix IIIB include - | Ans-D i.e., Intracavity brachytherapy followed by external beam radiotherapy Stage 1IA * Invasion limited to the measured stromal invasion with the maximum depth of 5mm and not wider than 7 mm IA1 * Invasion of stroma not greater than 3 mm in depth and no wider than 7mmIA2 * Measured invasion of stroma greater than 3mm... | 5,259 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following inhalational anesthetic agent is contraindicated in liver disease? | Ans. b (Halothane). (Ref. Lee's synopsis of Anesthesia 12th ed. 163)Ether may cause a transient depression of liver function but does not cause significant damage.HALOTHANE# Dose: 0.5% (MAC 0.75%)# Actions: analgesic, anaesthetic# Advantages:- Potent and effective,- Allows for high FI02 delivery,- Bronchodilatation,- L... | 5,260 | medmcqa_train |
X - linked inheritance of alport's syndrome is due to mutation of _________ | Mutation of COL4A5 gene ⇒ X - linked inheritence
Mutation of COL4A3 ,COL4A4 gene ⇒ Autosomal inheritence | 5,261 | medmcqa_train |
A chemical is tested for carcinogenicity by examining its mutagenic effects on bacterial cells in culture. Which of the following tests is used to make this determination? | The test described is the Ames test, which measures damage to DNA and correlates well with carcinogenicity in vitro. It is relatively inexpensive to perform, compared to other tests of carcinogenicity, and is frequently used as a screening test for potential carcinogens. The nitroblue tetrazolium test is used to examin... | 5,262 | medmcqa_train |
Treatment of choice for a patient with acquired vesicoureteric reflux with UTI? | Acquired renal scarring results from an episode or repeated episodes of acute pyelonephritis caused by infected urine in the presence of VUR. Infection activates a cascade of mediators, which leads to renal epithelial cells damage. Treatment with antibiotics during the first week after infection appears to limit inflam... | 5,263 | medmcqa_train |
Which structure is present in the anatomical snuff box? | Ans. B Radial arteryRef: BDC, 6th ed. vol. I pg. 122; Gray's 41st ed. pg. 790* The anatomical snuffbox is formed by the tendons of extensor polloicis longus and brevis, and abductor pollicis longus.* It has the radial artery running in the floor of the snuffbox, and the radial nerve passing to the dorsum of the hand.* ... | 5,264 | medmcqa_train |
All are true of pond's fracture, except: CMC (Vellore) 13 | Ans. Depressed fracture of the skull | 5,265 | medmcqa_train |
Triacylglycerol and Cholesteryl ester are | In general, lipids are insoluble in water since they contain a predominance of non polar (hydrocarbon) groups. However, fatty acids, phospholipids, sphingolipids, bile salts, and to a lesser extent, cholesterol contain polar groups. Therefore, a part of the molecule is hydrophobic, or water insoluble; and a part is hyd... | 5,266 | medmcqa_train |
which level the somites initially form ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cervical levelThe first pair of somites develop a sho distance posterior to the cranial end of the notochord, and the rest of the somites from caudally."By the 20" day, the first pair of somites have formed in neck region." Textbook of embryologyParaxial mesoderm differentiates into somites. By the en... | 5,267 | medmcqa_train |
All are common sites of primary for bone metastasis except- | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Brain o Metastatic bone disease is the commonest malignancy of bones and is much more common than primary bone tumors.o The commonest sites for bone metastases are vertebrae (most common), pelvis, the proximal half of the femur and the humerus.o Extremities distal to elbow and knee are least commonly ... | 5,268 | medmcqa_train |
Mendelsons syndrome is: | Aspiration of gastric contents | 5,269 | medmcqa_train |
Agoraphobia is commonly associated with:- | Agoraphobia: An irrational fear of open spaces or places where reaching a secure or safe base is difficult Commonest phobia encountered in clinical practice More common in women than men Panic disorder is commonly associated with agoraphobia Can cause significant dysfunctionality The individuals suffering from agorapho... | 5,270 | medmcqa_train |
Earliest symptom showing improvement from classical triad of Wernicke's incephalopathv. to thiamine therapy ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Ophthalmoplegia Response to thiamine treatment in Wernicke's encephalopathy Ocular symptoms :- Earliest to respond, ophthalmoplegia (ocular palsies) improves within hours of thiamine administration. However, horizontal nystagmus may persist. Ataxia :- Ataxia responds more slowly than ocular palsies an... | 5,271 | medmcqa_train |
Sulphur of cysteine are not used/utilised in the body for the following process/product: | Ans. C. Introduction of sulphur in methionine.Methionine is an essential amino acid, so it cannot be synthesized from Cysteine.But Sulphur of cysteine is donated by sulphur of methionine.This is called transulfuration reaction.PLP is the coenzyme of transulfuration.The reaction is catalysed by Cystathionine beta Syntha... | 5,272 | medmcqa_train |
Not true about angioneurotic edema ? | Edema of angineurotic-edema is non-pitting.
C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency can cause hereditary angioneurotic edema.
Angioedema is a well known adverse effect of ACE inhibitors. | 5,273 | medmcqa_train |
Following are Granulomatous vasculitis except | . | 5,274 | medmcqa_train |
The most common site of metastasis in neuroblastoma? | Metastatic spread, which is more common in children older than 1 yr of age at diagnosis, occurs local invasion or distant hematogenous or lymphatic routes. The most common sites of metastasis are the regional or distant lymph nodes, long bones and skull, bone marrow, liver, and skin. Lung and brain metastases are rare,... | 5,275 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the about the composition of new ORS is wrong? | Total osmolarity is 245 mmol/litre. Reference:Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,23rd edition,page no:224. <\p> | 5,276 | medmcqa_train |
Root value of femoral nerve? | Root value of Femoral nerve: Dorsal divisions of ventral primary rami of lumbar 2, 3, 4 segments of spinal cord.Ref: Chaurasia; Volume 2; 6th edition; Page no: 62 | 5,277 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following are also called as "Ghost cell tumors"? | Primary CNS lymphomas are also called as "Ghost cell tumors" as they show quick resolution after initiation of steroids. | 5,278 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following eating disorder is most common? | Binge eating disorder is the most common eating disorder followed by Bulimia nervosa and Anorexia nervosa. | 5,279 | medmcqa_train |
Risk factor for suicide in depression are all except: | Risk factor for suicide : Increased Risk Decreased Risk Male sex (men successfully commit suicide three times more often than women) Female sex (although women attemptsuicide three times more oftenthan men) A plan for suicide (e.g., decision to stockpile pills) No plan for suicide A means of committing suicide (e.g., a... | 5,280 | medmcqa_train |
30 year male with chronic diarrhoea, anemia, raised liver enzymes. Most likely associated with | Anti-endomysial antibody The clinical features are suggestive of celiac sprue0. The typical symptoms of celiac sprue are weight loss, chronic diarrhoea, abdominal distension, growth retardation anemia. Raised liver enzymes is not mentioned in many text books including Harrison. But according to C.M.D.T. 'Mild elevation... | 5,281 | medmcqa_train |
The radiopaque structure shown in the box is most likely: | The genial tubercles (also called the mental spine) are located on the lingual surface of the mandible slightly above the inferior border and in the midline. They are bony protuberances, more or less spine-shaped, that often are divided into a right and left prominence and a superior and inferior prominence.
They atta... | 5,282 | medmcqa_train |
Subconjunctival cyst is seen in QUESTION REPEATED | Parasitic cysts such as subconjuctival cyst is seen in Cysticercosis . Hydatid cyst and filarial cust are not infrequent in development countries. Common cystic lesions of conjunctiva are : Congenital cystic lesions Lymphatic cysts of conjunctiva Retention cysts Epithelial implantation cyst (traumatic cyst) Aqueous cys... | 5,283 | medmcqa_train |
ACTH is increased in all except | Adrenocoicotrophic hormone; hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that stimulates the secretion of coisol and other hormones by the adrenal coex. Also called adrenocoicotropin, coicotropin.Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology; 24th edition; page no:-368 | 5,284 | medmcqa_train |
Hemiazygous vein crosses left to right at the level | Hemiazygos vein crosses from left to right at the level of T8, after piercing the left crus of diaphragm while ascending. | 5,285 | medmcqa_train |
Deposition of Anti ds DNA Ab in kidney, skin, choroid plexus and joints is seen in: | Answer is A (SLE): Antibodies against double stranded DNA (Anti, ds DNA) and Sm antigen (Anti Sm) are highly specific and viual!;' diagnostic of SLE - Robbins | 5,286 | medmcqa_train |
Index of potency of general anesthesia | Minimal alveolar concentrationIt is the lowest concentration of the anaesthetic in pulmonary alveoli needed to produce immobility in response to a painful stimulus (surgical incision) in 50% individualsIt is the measure of potency of inhalation Gas.(Refer: Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anaesthesiology, 5th edition, pg ... | 5,287 | medmcqa_train |
Test of detecting damage to cochlea - | As discussed earlier absolute bone conduction test is a tuning fork test in which bone conduction of the patient is compared with BC of the examiner after occluding the external auditory meatus of both patient and examiner
Bone conduction is a measure of cochlear function.
Hence, ABC test is used to detect damage to c... | 5,288 | medmcqa_train |
Drug of choice in anaphylactic shock is? | Intravenous Adrenaline REF: Harrison's Internal Medicinel7th ed> Chapter 311. Allergies, Anaphylaxis, and Systemic M astocytosis Anaphylaxis: Treatment Mild symptoms such as pruritus and uicaria can be controlled by administration of 0.3 to 0.5 mL of 1:1000 (1.0 mg/mL) epinephrine SC or IM, with repeated doses as requi... | 5,289 | medmcqa_train |
A 30-year-old woman presents with a heart murmur. There is a history of recurrent episodes of arthritis, skin rash, and glomerulonephritis. Blood cultures are negative. Laboratory tests for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-double-stranded DNA are positive. Which of the following is the most likely cause of heart m... | In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, endocarditis is the most striking cardiac lesion, termed Libman-Sacks endocarditis. Nonbacterial vegetations are seen on the undersurface of the mitral valve close to the origin of the leaflets from the valve ring (Libman-Sacks endocarditis). There is fibrinoid necrosis of... | 5,290 | medmcqa_train |
Third hea sound is seen in all except | Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 1448 The third hea sound (S3 ) occurs during the rapid filling phase of ventricular diastole. It can be a normal finding in children, adolescents, and young adults; however, in older patients, it signifies hea failure. A left-sided S3 is a low-pitched sound best heard over the left ventricu- la... | 5,291 | medmcqa_train |
Most common site of perforation of tympanic membrane in acute suppurative otitis media is: | In acute suppurative otitis media, 85% of cases show a small perforation in antero-inferior quadrant of pars tensa. Perforations in this location were associated with smooth margins, good drainage of pus, and a orable clinical course. Hence this area is termed as "perforation zone". Only 15% of perforations occurred in... | 5,292 | medmcqa_train |
EBV (epstein barr virus) causes all except: September 2005 & March 2013 | Ans. C: Pancreatic carcinoma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes infectious mononucleosis as a primary disease. The virus infects more than 90% of the average population and persists lifelong in peripheral B-lymphocytes. The virus is produced in the parotid gland and spread the oral route. Serology suggests that the Epstei... | 5,293 | medmcqa_train |
TRUE/FALSE about features of Pyloric stenosis: 1. Hypokalemic alkalosis 2. Peristalsis right to left 3. Commonly caused by carcinoma stomach 4. Retention vomiting is present 5. Commonly females are affected | Hyperophic pyloric stenosis is more common in males. Male : female incidence is 4:1. Peristalsis is seen from left to right across the upper abdomen. Retention vomiting means vomiting due to any mechanical obstruction occurring usually hours after ingestion of a meal. In hyperophic pyloric stenosis the vomiting usually... | 5,294 | medmcqa_train |
Among the following longest acting ocular beta-blocker is: | Betaxolol is a cardioselective beta-blocker which can be used for the treatment of glaucoma. | 5,295 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are true about malignant otitis externa except: | Severe hearing loss is not the chief presenting complaint in malignant otitis externa. A patient of malignant otitis externa presents with: Severe, unrelenting, deep-seated otalgia, temporal headaches, purulent otorrhea, possibly dysphagia, hoarseness, and/ or facial nerve dysfunction. The pain is out of propoion to th... | 5,296 | medmcqa_train |
Patients with diabetes frequently report changing visual acuities when their glucose levels are chronically high. Which of the following could explain the fluctuating acuity with high blood glucose levels? | Fluctuating levels of sugars and sugar alcohols in the lens can cause fluctuating visual acuity. With high blood glucose, there would be increased levels of sorbitol in the lens. The lens does not contain mitochondria and cannot use the TCA cycle/electron transport chain to generate energy. Galactitol causes the same p... | 5,297 | medmcqa_train |
Sudden death, right sided hea failure (cor pulmonale or cardiovascular collapse occur when ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 60% or more of pulmonary aery is obstructed with emboli | 5,298 | medmcqa_train |
All the following statement about clozapine are true except - | Clozapine
It blocks D4, 5-HT, and α-adrenergic receptors.
Despite of anticholinergic property, it causes hypersalivation.
It also blocks H1-histaminic receptors.
The important side effects are agranulocytosis & myocarditis.
It can induce seizures even in nonepileptics.
It causes weight gain and precipitation of diabe... | 5,299 | medmcqa_train |
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