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A 7 years old child from Bihar is having hypo pigmented anaesthetic patch on his face. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Recurrent scaly hypopigmented macule on the face of a child - P. alba Recurrent scaly hypopigmented macule on the face of an adult - P. versicolor Resident of the endemic zone with an anaesthetic patch over face - Indeterminate leprosy
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis was discoverd by ?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Robe koch Scientist Associated with Fracastorius Proposed a contagium vivuin (cause of infectious disease) Von Plenciz Suggested that each disease is caused by a separate agent Augustino Bassi Earliest discovery of pathogenic microorganism Davaine and Pollender Observed anthrax bacilli in blood of ani...
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medmcqa_train
Which of the following is used for abdominal pregnancy
Studdiford criteria : To diagnose the abdominal pregnancy Both the tubes and ovaries are normal without any recent injuries Absence of uteroperitoneal fistula Presence of pregnancy related exclusively to the peritoneal surface and young enough to eliminate the possibility of secondary implantation following the primary...
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Commonest stomach tumour which bleeds ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e. Leiomyosarcoma
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Farber&;s disease is due to the deficiency of
Farber disease (also known as Farber&;s lipogranulomatosis, ceramidase deficiency, "Fibrocytic dysmucopolysaccharidosis," and "Lipogranulomatosis" is an extremely rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease marked by a deficiency in the enzyme ceramidase that causes an accumulation of fatty material sphingolipid...
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A specific test for gout is -
Demonstration of intracellular monosodium urate crystals (MSU) in synovial fluid from affected joint is diagnostic of gout.
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In severe cases of anterior uveitis whole circle of pupil gets adhered to lens capsule resulting in:
Seclusio pupillae/ring synaechiae/annular synaechiae is seen in severe iritis or recurrent uveitis, in which whole circle of pupillary margin becomes tied down to the lens capsule. It can lead to secondary angle closure glaucoma. Note: Occlusio pupillae/blocked pupil occurs when exudation in uveitis is extensive. They ...
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medmcqa_train
In RMNCH+A Staegy, what is plus ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Adolescent health The RMNCH+A strategy is based on provision of comprehensive care through the five pillars, or thematic areas, of reproductive, maternal, neonatal, child, and adolescent health, and is guided by central tenets of equity, universal care, entitlement, and accountability. The "plus" with...
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Infection/ inflammation of all of the following causes enlarged superficial inguinal lymph nodes except:
D. i.e. Penile urethra Penile (spongy) urethra of male mostly drain to deep inguinal lymph nodes
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Peripheral resistance is decreased in which type of shock -a) Hypovolemic shockb) Neurogenic shockc) Septic shockd) Cardiogenic shock
Septic shock has already been described → in hyperdynamic stage there is vasodilation and  ↓ TPR. Neurogenic shock Neurogenic shock occurs when there is Neurological injury as occur in head trauma or high cervical cord injury or cephalad migration of spinal anaesthesia. Interruption of sympathetic vasomotor input occu...
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A 50-year-old woman presents with lower back pain of 3 weeks in duration. Radiologic studies reveal several discrete lytic lesions in the lumbar back and pelvis. Laboratory studies show elevated serum levels of alkaline phosphatase. Serum calcium, serum protein, and peripheral blood smears are normal. Aspiration biopsy...
Multiple lytic lesions associated with keratin-positive cells strongly suggest metastatic bone cancer. Metastatic carcinoma is the most common tumor of bone, and skeletal metastases are found in at least 85% of cancer cases that have run their full clinical course. The vertebral column is the most commonly affected bon...
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Preventable causes of Mental Retardation are
Cretinism is congenital iron deficiency syndrome which can be preventable by intake in required amounts. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition
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Medial border of Hesselbach's triangle is formed by:
Ans. (b) Linea semilunarisRef: Gray's 41st edn/1080-81; Keith L Moore clinical anatomy 4thed/ 193-4# HESSELBACH'S TRIANGLE* Medial border: Lateral margin the rectus sheath, also called linea semilunaris* Superolateral border: Inferior epigastric vessels* Inferior border: Inguinal ligament, sometimes referred to as Poup...
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Which of the following are ineffective against gram negative bacteria?
Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Cefixine is an oral third generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It has good activity for gram-negatives. Metroridozole is highly active against gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, such as B. fragil...
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Ator fracture is -
Fracture neck of talus results from forced dorsiflexion of the ankle. Typically this injury is sustained in an aircraft crash where the rubber bar is driven forcibly against the middle of the sole of the foot (ATOR&;s fracture), resulting in forced dorsiflexion of the ankle, the neck being a weak area, gives way. Refer...
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A 4-month-old child presents with excessive irritability & crying, unexplained hyperpyrexia, vomiting, difficulty feeding for last 15 days. On admission he has rigidity & visual inattentiveness; CT scan brain shows the following finding. What is the probable diagnosis?
Bilateral basal ganglia calcification is seen on CT brain in Krabbe disease. Fuher,Globoid cells are seen in microscopic exmaination,which is a diagnostic feature. C/F: Irritability, muscle weakness, feeding difficulties, episodes of fever without any sign of infection, stiff posture, and delayed mental and physical de...
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NVBDCP includes ail except?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Chikungimya o National Vector Borne Disease control programme (NVBDCP) includes 6 vector borne diseases- Malaria Dengue Filaria Kala azar JE Chikungunya fever 1. Chickungunya has been included now Health programmes In India o Since India become indepedent, several measures have been undertaken by Nati...
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The usefulness of the technique of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is explained by which of the following?
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is a method used to lessen severe, chronic pain by overly stimulating the involved neurons. This is thought to trigger inhibitory interneurons in lamina II of the spinal cord, thereby paially blocking the transmission of pain impulses. These interneurons are considered to be ...
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Which is must for prothrombin time?
Prothrombin time test - Time needed for plasma to clot after addition of tissue thromboplastin and Ca2+ ions.
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Fluroacetate inhibits -
B i.e. Aconitase
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Following angiography findings are most likely seen in which condition:
Ans. B. PANImage shows angiographic vascular pathologya. Most probably it is seen in PAN (Polyarteritis nodosa)b. It is medium vessel vasculitis of renal & visceral vessels sparing the pulmonary circulationc. In PAN, small aneurysms are strung like the beads of arosary known as Rosary sign.
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Axillary hair growth is caused by?
Testosterone REF: Ganong's 22nd ed p. 430 Secondary sexual hair production in both man and woman is under control of androgens
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Triglycerides are maximum in
Ans. is 'a' i.e. Chylomicrons [Ref: Chatterjee & Shinde Biochemistry 6/e, p 338 (T21.2); Harper 26/e, p 206;Maximum content of TG's is seen in - Chylomicrons*Maximum content of exogenous TG's is seen in - Chylomicrons*Maximum content of endogenous TG's is seen in - VLDL*Maximum cholesterol is seen in - LDL*Chylomicrons...
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A 55 years lady presented with sudden onset of severe pain in the eye with, Shallow anterior chamber. Treatment of choice is
(1/V mannitol & Acetazolamide): (242-Nema 6th edition; 244-Khurana 5th/e)It is a case of Acute primary angle closure glaucomaImmediate medical therapy to lower IOP1. Systemic hyper osmotic agents* Intravenous mannitol (1 gm 1 kg body weight)* Oral hyperosmotics eg glycerol2. Systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitor eg ace...
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Which of the following structure passes through the triangular interval of the arm?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Radial nerve RegionBoundariesContentsUpper triangular space of armSuperior: Teres minorInferior : Teres majorLateral: Long head of tricepsCircumflex scapular arteryLower triangular space of armSuperior: Teres majorMedial: Long head of tricepsLateral; Shaft of humerusRadial nerveProfunda brachii vessel...
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What is the function of DNA ligase ?
Ans. is 'b* i.e., Seals the single strand nick between the .......... ProteinFunctionDNA polymerasesDeoxynucieotide polymerizationHelicasesProcessive unwinding of DNATopoisomerasesRelieve torsional strain that results from helicase-induced unwindingDNA primaseInitiates synthesis of RNA primersSingle-strand binding prot...
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Most common organ affected in blast injury:
Lungs
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The cyclical flexion and extension motions of a leg during walking result from activity at which level of the nervous system?
The spinal cord has the intrinsic circuitry in the form of central paftern generators to produce the basic motions of walking.
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Auerbachs plexus is present in the -
All of the above
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A person of 60 years age is suffering from myositis ossificans progressive. The usual cause of death would be:
C i.e. Lung disease
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A 29-year-old woman on oral contraceptives presents with abdominal pain. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen demonstrates a large hematoma of the right liver with the suggestion of an underlying liver lesion. Her hemoglobin is 6, and she is transfused 2 units of packed red blood cells and 2 units of fresh fr...
The patient has TRALI or transfusion-related acute lung injury which manifests as respiratory distress, hypoxemia, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates not due to volume overload. The treatment of choice is respiratory suppo, including mechanical ventilation, as needed. The major risk factor for TRALI is transfusion of ...
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All are absolute contraindication of OCP except:
Ans. D. EndometriosisOCP are contraindicated in pregnancy, hepatic renal failure, thromboembolic disorder, breast CA, hypertension, diabetes. But in case of endometriosis, it regulates the irregular bleeding which is non-contraceptive use of OCP.
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Which of the following statement on microalbuminuria is not true?
The significance of microalbuminuria: Microalbuminuria is the finding of albumin in the urine not detectable by the urine dipstick which is sensitive to protein concentration > 1gm%. It precedes the decline in GFR and indicates the presence of renal and cardiovascular complications. Annual screening for microalbuminuri...
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Which of the following antigens are associated with cicatricial pemphigoid?
Cicatricial Pemphigoid: Autoimmune blistering disease associated with autoantibodies directed against basement membrane zone target antigens. Autoantibodies of IgG subclass, particularly IgG4, are associated with CP. IgA antibodies have also been detected. The two major antigens associated with CP are bullous pemphigo...
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Local anaesthetics act by-
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Na channel inhibition inside gate o Local anesthetics act by inhibiting Na+ channels from inside.Mechanism of action of LAo Local anaesthetics block generation and conduction of nerve impulse at all part of neuron where they come in contact, without causing structural damage.o Thus not only sensory bu...
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38 years old Mala has Pap smear suggestive of HSIL.Colposcopy directed biopsy can reveal all, EXCEPT:
Ans. is 'a' i.e., CIN-1 * As per Bethesda system:# Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (L-SIL) = CIN I# High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (H-SIL) = CIN II/CIN III/CIS
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Mikulicz and russel bodies are characteristic of -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rhinoscleroma o Biopsy of rhinoscleroma show's infiltration of submucosa writh plasma cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, Mikulicz cells and Russell bodies. The latter two are the diagnostic features of the disease,Rhinoscleromao The causative organism is Klebsiella rhinoscleromatisor Frisch bacillus ^ w...
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Neurotransmitter in striatal pathway is?
The nigrostriatal pathway or the nigrostriatal bundle (NSB), is a dopaminergic pathway that connects the substantia nigra with the dorsal striatum (i.e., the caudate nucleus and putamen). Dopaminergic neurons of this pathway synapse onto GABAergic neurons. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervou...
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Which of the following pathways does not occur in mitochondria
Fatty acid synthesis takes place in cytoplasm. Beta Oxidation occurs in mitochondria. Heme synthesis and Urea cycle occur both in cytoplasm and mitochondria.
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The above shown device is used for:
The above shown device is NST. The nonstress test measures the fetal hea rate in response to fetal movement over time. The term "nonstress" means that during the test, nothing is done to place stress on the fetus. If two or more accelerations occur within a 20-minute period, the result is considered reactive or "reassu...
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True about tongue cancer:
Ans. (c) MC site is on Lateral marginRef. Bailey & Love 26th ed. 713-14TONGUE CANCER* MC site is middle of lateral border or ventral aspect of the tongue.* MC histological type is squamous cell carcinoma.* MC complaint: Mid-irritation of tongue.* MC associated risk factors are tobacco and alcohol.* MC variety is ulcera...
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Gottron’s papules Seen in?
DERM ATOM MYOSITIS: DM is a distinctive entity identified by a characteristic rash accompanying, or more often preceding muscle weakness. √ Heliotrope rash: The rash may consist of a blue-purple discolouration on the upper eyelids with edema √ Gottron's sign: A flat red rash on the face and upper trunk and erythema of...
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A 67-year-old man with an 18-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presents for a routine physical examination. His temperature is 36.9 C (98.5 F), his blood pressure is 158/98 mm Hg and his pulse is 82/minute and regular. On examination, the physician notes a non tender, pulsatile, mass in the mid-abdomen. A plain ...
Cholestyramine and colestipol are bile acid sequestrants that bind bile acids in the intestine, thereby interrupting enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. This has an indirect effect to enhance LDL clearance and lower lipids in the blood. Atorvastatin and lovastatin are lipid-lowering drugs that competitively inhibi...
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Patient says he hears music every time when someone touches his thumb. This is an example of
Functional hallucination : Here the stimulus and perecption are in same modality. v/s Reflex hallucination : Here the stimulus and pereception are in different modality.
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Epipharynx is also called-
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Nasopharynx Epipharvnx / Nasophavnxo The part of the pharynx that lies above the soft palate; anteriorly it opens into the nasal cavities through the choanae;inferiorly, it communicates with the oropharynx through the pharyngeal isthmus; laterally it communicates withtympanic cavities through pharyngo...
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Red man syndrome is caused by which drug:
Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that releases histamine leading to "Red man syndrome"
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DOC for migraine prophylaxis -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Propranolol Treatment and prophylaxis of migraineo For aborting an acute attack of migraine, sumatriptan (or any other triptan) is the drug of choice. Other drugs used for treatment are NSAIDs, ergotamine and dihydroergotamine, and intranasal butorphanol.o For Prophylaxis, Beta-blocker (propranolol) i...
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Which ligament transfers weight from peripheral to axial skeleton?
The gap anteriorly is filled by a syol bursa. The coracoclavicular ligaments have a vital role to play in movements of the pectoral girdle. The conoid ligament limits anterior movement of the scapula with respect to the clavicle. The trapezoid limits posterior movement between these two bones
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Most common cause of stridor after birth:
(c) Laryngomalacia(Ref. Current Diagnosis & Treatment Otolaryngology, Lalwani, 3rd ed., 481; Scott Brown, 8th ed., Vol 2; 333)Laryngomalacia, which is the most common congenital anomaly of the larynx, is the most common cause of congenital laryngeal stridor.Vocal cord palsy is the 2nd most common cause of congenital st...
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medmcqa_train
"Corner sign of park" is feature of:
Ans. A. ScurvyScurvy-Radiographic findings:1. Osteoporosis2. Pencil thin cortex3. Wimberger's sign4. Trummerfeld zone of rarefaction5. Corner sign of Park6. Line of Frankel7. Subperiosteal hemorrhage
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Not true regarding retinal anatomy
Layer in contact with vitreous is internal limiting membrane Foveal Avascular Zone- * No blood vessels in this zone * Geometric centre is centre of macula & Fixation point * Impoant landmark in FA * Ora serrata > Foveola: Thinnest pa of retina * Posterior Pole: Macula + Optic nerve head * Optic disc approx: 1.75 mm (H)...
5,450
medmcqa_train
Septum secundum arises from -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Primitive atrium o The primitive atrium is divided into left and right atria by interatrial septum which is formed by fusion of septum primum and septum secundum. The sequnece of events are as follows# Septum primum arises from the roof of common atrium (primitive atrium) and grows caudally towards se...
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Drug used for kala-azar
Ans. is 'c' i.e.,Paromomycin Drugs used for kala-azarParentral : Amphotericin-B (iv), Paromomycin (im), sodium stibogluconate (iv or im).Oral : Miltefosine
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A 70 kg old athlete was posted for surgery, Patient was administered succinylcholine due to unavailability of vecuronium. It was administered in intermittent dosing (total 640 mg). During recovery patient was not able to respire spontaneously & move limbs. What is the explanation ?
B i.e. Phase 2 blockade produced by succinylcholine - Sch is depolarizing/ non competitiveQ M.R. with shoest duration of actionQ (3-5 min) d/t rapid hydrolysis by pseudo cholinesteraseQ. It causes dual/ biphasic blockQ. It increases K. (ie hyperkalemiaQ 1/t diastolic cardiac arrest), intraocular & intragastric pressure...
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An 18-year-old presents with a well- circumscribed 2 cm mass in her right breast. The mass is painless and has a rubbery consistency and discrete borders. It appears to move freely through the breast tissue. What is the likeliest diagnosis?
Fibroadenomas are most often found in teenage girls. They are firm in consistency, clearly defined, and very mobile. The typical feature on palpation is that they appear to move freely through the breast tissue ("breast mouse").
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A group tested for a drug shows 60% improvement as against a standard group showing 40% improvement. The best test to test the significance of result is-
Ref: Parks 23rd edition pg 852 Chi-square test offers an alternate method of testing the significance of difference between two propoions.Advantage: it can also be used when more than 2groups are to be compared. Ref:Parks 23rd edition pg 852 Tests of significance: Qualitative: Chi- square : 2 or more than 2 groups Mc N...
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Most common malignant tumor of kidney:
Ans. (c) Renal cell CARef: Robbins 9th ed. 1952* Robbins 9th ed. States: "by far the most common malignant tumor is renal cell carcinoma, followed by Wilms tumor, which is found in children.* Incidence of RCC is: 85%* M > F (2:1)* Most of the RCC are sporadio AD (familial)Must KnowKIDNEY CA (extract from Robbins 9th ed...
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A 6 day old newborn infant develops lectonuria seizures and hypoglycemia. The likely diagnosis is?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Aromatic amino aciduria
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Following acute failure of the left ventricle is the hea is man, pulmonary edema generally begins to appear when left atrial pressure approaches
Pulmonary edema is one of the most serious consequences of left ventricular cardiac failure. When the left ventricle fails or when the mitral valve fails, left atrial pressure (LAP) may increase substantially. The resulting increase in pulmonary capillary pressure (Pc) forces excess fluid filtration through the pulmona...
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Chocking is constricting device within the barrel at the muzzle end of -
The synopsis of forensic medicine & toxicology ; Dr k.s narayan reddy ; 28th edition ; pg.no 122 The choke bore present in a shot gun ,the distal 7-10 cm of the barrel is narrow . There are some shotguns which have a small poion of their bore near the muzzle end rifled ,which are called "paradox gun" .
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Which of the following is lined by transitional epithelium
INDERBIR SINGH&;S TEXTBOOK OF HUMAN HISTOLOGY-PAGE NO:321 Both in the male and female,the greater pa of urethra is lined by pseudo stratified columnar epithelium.a sho pa adjoining the urinary bladder us lined by transitional epithelium
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Most common cause of death in amyloidosis is ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Hea Failure `Most common cause of death is hea failure and/or abnormal cardiac rhythm' Essentials pathology
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Who proposed the classification of primary dentition based on distal surface of second molar?
Classification of Primary Dentition given by Baume, 1959
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Paragonismus westermani is commonly called: March 2005
Ans. A: Lung fluke Paragonismus westermani Preferred definitive host: Carnivores (e.g. felids, canids, viverids, and mustelids), rodents, and pigs. Reservoir hosts: Humans Vector/intermediate hosts: Snail of Family Thieridae; - Crab-Eriocheir japonicus. Organs affected: Mainly the bronchioles of the lungs, but the worm...
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In pregnancy :
Plasma fibrinogen levels are increased
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Singer&;s Alkali denatuaion test is performed for:
Singer&;s alkali denaturation test is performed for Vasa Pre. Detection of nucleated RBCs using apt test or Singer&;s alkali denaturation test is diagnostic of vasa pre. It is based on the fact that fetal hemoglobin is resistant to alkali denaturation. Both Apt and Kleihauer-Betke Test can be used to detect the presenc...
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Regarding phenytoin all are true except
At lower concentration it follows zero order kinetics A child with respiratory infection and membrane over peritonsillar area is suspected of having Diptheria. Both Blood Tellurite media & Loeffler serum slope can be used for culture but Diptheria is one emergency so the media in which it can be cultured quickly is use...
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True about follicular cysts of ovary are all except
Follicular cysts are dependent on gonadotropins for growth.
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IUGR babies on delivery are called:
Small for date
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Heterophile antibody test is done for: September 2010
Ans. B: Infectious mononucleosis A heterophile agglutination is a test that measures the agglutination of the red blood cells of sheep by the serum of patients with infectious mononucleosis. Diagnostic tests are used to confirm infectious mononucleosis but the disease should be suspected from symptoms prior to the resu...
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Gallstone are associated with which Neuro Endocrine Tumour :-
Somatostatinoma syndrome is a triad of diabetes mellitus, diarrhea and gallstones, but also includes weight loss and hypochlorhydria.
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A 69 year old male presents with an episode of slurring of speech which lasted for 12 hours and then resolved.He is heavy smoker having smoked 60 cigarettes per day for 40 years. He had a single episode of haemoptysis 4 weeks previously and has underlying lung cancer with brain metastases and is referred for an urgent ...
The axial image from a contrast enhanced CT scan, in aerial phase, shows a filling defect in the left atrial appendage layered along the anterior wall. Given the clinical history and the CT appearance, the most likely diagnosis is of thrombus in the LA as a consequence of AF. Myxomas generally arise from interatrial se...
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The patho-physiological phenomenon that occurs during atheromatous plaque formation and is used for screening of 'asymptomatic coronary plaques' on CT scan is:
C i.e. Calcium deposition in the atheromatous plaque Screening of asymptomatic coronary plaques on. CT scan (EBCT & MDCT) uses calcium depositionQ as a surrogate marker for detecting the presence & amout of atherosclerosis. CT attenuation within non calcified fibrous pique (91-116) is greater than within noncalcified l...
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Screening test used in first trimester for aneuploidy -
Ans. is'c'i.e., PAPP-A &beta HCG1st trimester aneuploidy screening:Human chorionic gonadotropin (either intact or free (b-hCG).Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A).Fetal Down syndrome in 1st trimester:Higher serum free beta-hCG level.Lower PAPP-A levels.Trisomy 18 & 13:Lowered levels of both HCG PAPPP-A.2nd t...
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Which of the following is most dependent on vasovagal reflex?
Ans. c (Receptive relaxation). (Ref. Ganong, Physiology, 21st ed., 498)Receptive Relaxation# When food enters stomach, fundus and upper part of the body relax and accommodate food with little if any increase in pressure known as receptive relaxation.# It is vagally mediated and triggered by pharyngeal and esophageal mo...
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Position of mid-inguinal point is ?
Ans-B
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A woman develops chickenpox at 39 weeks. She has a single fetus in the cephalic presentation. She has no other pregnancy complications.What is the best method to prevent neonatal infection?
Ans. is a, i.e. Continue the pregnancy for at least one weekIf delivery can be postponed for at least 7 days, the mother will develop antibodies and there will be transplacental transfer of antibodies to the neonate. The neonate will have passive immunity and will not develop the infection. Therefore, the best method t...
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Which organs do not utilise ketone bodies?
In the fasting state, glucose must be spared for use by the central nervous system (which is largely dependent on glucose) and the red blood cells (which are wholly reliant on glucose). Therefore, tissues that can use fuels other than glucose do so; muscle and liver oxidize fatty acids and the liver synthesizes ketone ...
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'Hair on end' appearance is characteristically seen in
Ans. a (Thalassemia major) (Ref. Radiology Review Manual, 5th/pg.174)Causes of "hair on end" or "crew hair cut" skull are# Thalassemia (Characteristic)# Hereditary spherocytosis# Sickle cell disease# G-6-PD deficiency# Iron deficiency anaemia# Neuroblastoma
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Insulinoma is most commonly located in which part of the pancreas -
“Insulinomas invariably occur only in the pancreas, distributed equally in the pancreatic head, body and tail". — Harrison 17/e Insulinomas are a β cell endocrinal tumur of the pancreas. Insulinomas are the most common pancreatic endocrine neoplasms. The symptoms are produced due to excessive secretion of insulin caus...
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A child comes with cyanotic spells and chest X-ray was as shown below; What is the most probable diagnosis?
a. Tetralogy of Fallot(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2211-2217,, Ghai 8/e p 420-423)The given history along with chest X-ray finding of Boot shaped heart suggests a diagnosis of Tetralogy of Fallot.
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Which morphological type of cataract is most visually handicapping ?
Cupuliform (Posterior subcapsular) cataract lies right in the pathway of the axial rays and thus causes an early loss of visual acuity.
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A 16 yr old boy is brought to the emergency room by ambulance after suffering a concussion during a football game. When he awoke he had difficulty expressing himself verbally but was able to understand and follow commands. His condition is most likely caused by damage to which of the following?
Aphasia is a language disorder in which a person is unable to properly express or understand ceain aspects of written or spoken language. It is caused by lesions to the language centers of the brain, which, for the majority of persons, are located within the left hemisphere in the poions of the temporal and frontal lob...
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Atheroma resulting in angina has following characteristic except -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lack of macrophage o Atherosclerotic plaque is composed of three major components. Cellular component --> Predeminantly smooth muscle cells and macrophages. Others are lymphocytes. Connective tissue matrix (ECM) --> Collegen, elastic fibers, proteoglycans. Lipids --> Both intracellular and extracellul...
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Cyanosis is not seen in-
Ans. is 'c' i.e., CO poisoing Hypoxic hypoxia (hypoxemia)Anemic hypoxiaStagnant hypoxiaHistotoxic hypoxiao Cyanosis presentCauses :* Hypoventilation as seen in interstitial lung disease & COPD* Cyanotic CHD* Reduced diffusion capacity* Right to left shunt, e.g. A V malformation* V/Q mismatch* High altitudeo Cyanosis ab...
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Make the diagnosis of a 26 day old Infant presenting with recurrent nonbilious vomiting with costipation and loss of wt?
Ans is 'd' ie Pyloric stenosis This is a typical picture of pyloric stenosis a) Infant presenting in 4th week b) Non-bilious vomitting. c) With constipation and wt. loss. Lets see other options. Esophageal atresia a) Infant presents soon after bih with complaints of regurgitation of milk, saliva pours almost continuous...
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medmcqa_train
Which of the following is seen in cryoglobulinemia
Abnormal Ig Bence Jones proteins Light chain of Ig ( Kappa or Lambda )WaldenstormmacroglobulinemiaIg M Heavy chain disease Fc pa of heavy chain CryoglobulinemiaPrecipitate at low temperature (Ref: Ananthanarayan 9th edition, 96-98)
5,486
medmcqa_train
Malleus is derived from
i.e. (Meckel's Cartilage): (316-109 IBS- Embryology 8th)* Malleus and Incus are derived from the dorsal end of the Meckel's cartilage (First arch)*** Stapes is formed from the dorsal end of the cartilage of second pharyngeal archNerves of pharyngeal arches and muscles supplied by themArchNerve of ArchMuscles of ArchCar...
5,487
medmcqa_train
On otological examination all of the following will have positive fistula test except:
(a) Dead ear(Ref. Shambaugh, 6th ed., page 181)If there is a fistula on the medial wall but inner ear is dead (not responding to pressure changes), then in spite of presence of fistula, fistula test will be negative. This is false negative fistula test.If the footplate of stapes is hypermobile, it results in false posi...
5,488
medmcqa_train
All are characteristics of Autism except
These are some of the characteristics of ASD: problems with social interaction with others. This may include problems talking back and foh, working, or playing with others. unusual interest in objects need for sameness great variation in abilities under or over reaction to one or more of the five senses: sight, touch, ...
5,489
medmcqa_train
Which apoprotein is the most impoant to activate lipoprotein lipase -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Apo-C IIMajor activator of lipoprotein lipase is apo-CII
5,490
medmcqa_train
Risk of the damage of fetus by maternal rubella is maximum if mother gets infected in
Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS): CRS is said to have occurred if: – Infant has IgM rubella antibodies shortly after birth, or – IgG antibodies persist for more than 6 months Major determinant of extent of fetal infection in CRS: Gestational age at which fetal transmission occurs, – Infection in I trimester: MOST ...
5,491
medmcqa_train
TGF-β is involved in all of the process of angiogenesis except:
TGF-β stimulates fibroblast migration and proliferation, increases the synthesis of collagen and fibronectin, and decreases the degradation of ECM by inhibiting metalloproteinases. TGF-β is involved not only in scar formation after injury but also in the development of fibrosis in lung, liver, and kidneys that follows ...
5,492
medmcqa_train
Cavallo's sign is seen in -
Ans. A. Tricuspid Regurgitation
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medmcqa_train
Sympathetic ophthalmitis usually results due to:
Ans. (c) Penetrating injury to Ciliary bodyRef.: A.K. Khurana 6th ed. /163, 437* Sympathetic ophthalmitis is a serious bilateral granulomatous panuveitis which usually occurs due to penetrating trauma to ciliary body.* The injured eye is called exciting eye.* Fellow eye which also develops uvieitis is called sympathizi...
5,494
medmcqa_train
Wermer syndrome is -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., MEN 1
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medmcqa_train
If hardness level of water is 50-150 mg/L, the water is defined as -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Moderately hard Classification of hardness in waterClassificationLevel of hardness (mEq./litre)a) Soft waterb) Moderately hardc) Hard waterd) Very hard waterLess than 1 (< 50 mg/L)1 - 3 (50 - 150 mg/L)3 - 6 (150 - 300 mg/L)Over 6 (> 300 mg/L)
5,496
medmcqa_train
Berson and yellow 1st described the following test
Berson and Yalow discovered RIA in 1959 by which we can quantify antigens or hormones upto picograms-v sensitive than ELISA RIA /ELISA-indirect immunofluorescence tests Ref: Textbook of Microbiology Baveja 5th ed Pg 115
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medmcqa_train
Little&;s are is
The anteroinferior pa or vestibule of the septum contains anastomoses between the septal ramus of the superior labial branch of facial aery,branch of sphenopalatine aery,greater palatine and of anterior ethmoidal aery These form a large capillary network called kiesselbachs plexus. This is a common site of bleeding fro...
5,498
medmcqa_train
Pyrimidine overproduction results in all except
Defective enzyme of pyrimidine metabolism Signs and symptoms Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Can develop toxicity to 5-fluorouracil, also a substrate for this dehydrogenase Orotate phosphoribosyl transferase and orotidylic acid decarboxylase Orotic acid aciduria type 1, megaloblastic anemia Orotidylic acid decarboxylas...
5,499
medmcqa_train