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The term 'disease control' employs all of the following except- | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Reducing the prevalence of the disease o The term disease control describes, reducing the i) The incidence of disease ii) The duration of disease and consequently the risk of transmission iii) The effects of infection, including its complications iv) Financial burden to the community | 9,400 | medmcqa_train |
Internationally quarantinable disease are - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Quarantinable diseases o Diphtheria o Yellow fever o Infectious TB o SARS o Plague o Small pox o Viral hemorrhagic fever Also Know : Quarantine was first applied for plague. Quarantine period for yellow fever is 6 days. Quarantine has been 'replaced by active surveillance'. | 9,401 | medmcqa_train |
Sublingual nitroglycerin for treatment of acutechest pain can cause ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Headache Due to vasodilatation there may be tachycardia, palpitation, flushing, headache, dizziness and fainting may occur. Adverse effects Due to vasodilatation tachycardia, palpitation, flushing, headache, dizziness and fainting may occur. Rashes are common paicularly with pentaerythritol tetranitra... | 9,402 | medmcqa_train |
Denominator in dependency ratio ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Age group 15-65 years Dependency ratio The propoion of persons above 65 years of age and children below 15 years of age are considered to be dependent on the economically productive age group (15-64 years). The ratio of combined age group 0-14 years plus 65 years and above to the 15-65 years age group... | 9,403 | medmcqa_train |
Hand and foot syndrome is an adverse effect of: | Capecitabine and 5-FU can cause hand and foot syndrome. Diarrhea is the most common adverse effect of 5-FU. 5-FU can also cause bone marrow suppression. Drugs commonly implicated are: Capecitabine 5-Fluorouracil Cytarabine Pemetrexed Doxorubicin | 9,404 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following skin conditions is treated with PUVA therapy? | PUVA is used to treat extensive psoriasis and psoriasis that has not responded to other therapies. PUVA stands for psoralens plus UVA. Psoralens are used orally followed by exposure of lesions to measured amount of a type of ultraviolet light-UVA. Sho term side effects of PUVA therapy include tanning, pruritus, nausea,... | 9,405 | medmcqa_train |
Products of complete hydrolysis of cardiolipin are: | 3 glycerol, 4 fatty acids , 2 phosphates Cardiolipin is a complex phospholipid, which can be antigenic. The structure is glycerol attached to two phosphatidic acids. Each phosphatidic acid contains one glycerol, 2 FA and one phosphate. So in total 3 glycerol, 4 fatty acids, 2 phosphates are present in cardiolipin. | 9,406 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are used for monitoring air pollution except | Indicator for air pollution Remarks Sulphur dioxide Best Smoke and soiling index Air filtered through white paper and stained is measured under photoelectric meter Grit and dust measurement Deposit gauzes collect grit dust and others solid Coefficient of haze Amount of smoke and other aerosol in the air Air pollution i... | 9,407 | medmcqa_train |
A newborn with respiratory distress was noted to have marked nasal flaring, audible grunting, minimal intercostal chest retarction. The respiratory rate was 30/min. The Silverman score of this child would be? NOT RELATED- MEDICINE | . | 9,408 | medmcqa_train |
The symptoms of Hyperparathyroidism include ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above | 9,409 | medmcqa_train |
Main pancreatic duct is derived from ? | The pancreas develops from the two endodermal buds, dorsal and ventral, that arise from the pa of the gut that later forms the second pa of the duodenum. The ventral bud forms the lower pa of the head, and the uncinate process of the pancreas, while the upper pa of the head, the body and the tail are formed from the do... | 9,410 | medmcqa_train |
Ahritis mutilans is seen in: | Psoriatic Ahropathy | 9,411 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is TRUE about cholera toxin? | V cholerae produce a heat-labile enterotoxin. Ganglioside GM1 serves as the mucosal receptor for subunit B, which promotes entry of subunit A into the cell. Cholera toxin catalyzes the ADP ribosylation of the G protein, rendering it unable to dissociate from the active adenylate cyclase complex. This causes persistent ... | 9,412 | medmcqa_train |
Glucose transporters present in the Beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans is: | Ans. B. GLUT2GLUTTissue LocationFunctionGLUT 1Brain, Placenta, Kidney, RBCBasal Glucose UptakeGLUT 2Liver, Pancreas, IntestinePancreas-Insulin SecretionGLUT 3Brain (Neurons), PlacentaBasal Glucose UptakeGLUT 4Skeletal Muscle, Adipose Tissue, Cardiac MuscleInsulin stimulated uptake after mealsGLUT 5Small Intestine, Test... | 9,413 | medmcqa_train |
Muscular timidity caused by opioids is due to the agonist effect on which receptor | Refer Miller 7/ep781 Truncal rigidity caused by highly lipid soluble opioids like Fentanyl is supraspinal in origin. It is mainly caused by stimulation of mu receptors whereas kappa and delta receptors tend to reduce the rigidity | 9,414 | medmcqa_train |
Maximum radiopaque shadow in ovary is seen in | Teratoma is most radio-opaque because of its calcifications (Ref: Radiology Review Manual by Wolfgang Dahne 6thEtd, 1010) | 9,415 | medmcqa_train |
Indication for induction of labour is : | PIH at term | 9,416 | medmcqa_train |
Antibiotic of choice for lymphedema is ? | <p> Lymphoedema Accumulation of fluid in extracellular and extravascular fluid compament , commonly in subcutaneous tissue. Classification: 1. Primary - without any identifiable disease. 2. Secondary- acquired due to definitive cause. Primary lymphoedema:- Affects commonly females. Common in lower limb and left side. I... | 9,417 | medmcqa_train |
The first step in fatty acid synthesis involves: | Ans. A. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase(Ref Harper 31/e page 217)Fatty Acid SynthesisBy two enzyme system1. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase2. Fatty acid synthase complexAcetyl-CoA CarboxylaseConverts acetyl-CoA (2C) to malonyl-CoA in the presence of ATP.Acetyl-CoA carboxylase has a requirement for the B vitamin biotin.It is a multienzym... | 9,418 | medmcqa_train |
Maxillary sinus opens into which meatus? | Ans. c (Middle meatus). (Ref. Bhargaw, 5th ed.151)THE LATERAL NASAL WALL# It consists anteriorly of the nasal bone, frontal process of maxilla & the lacrimal bone.# Posterior to lacrimal bone, the lateral wall of nasal cavity is formed by ethmoid labyrinth, maxillary & inferior concha.# Perpendicular plate of palatine ... | 9,419 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not true about Xenon anesthesia? | Ans. c. Slow induction and slow recovery Xenon anaesthesia is inert, non-explosive, environment friendly having low blood solubility with minimal cardiovascular side effects. Lower blood gas coefficient of Xenon results in rapid induction and recovery.Xenon Anesthesia* Xenon was isolated by William Ramsay (Nobel prize ... | 9,420 | medmcqa_train |
A male with azoospermia. On examination size of testis normal FSH normal testosterone normal. Most probable cause is: | Ans. is d, i.e. VAS obstructionSince all FSH, LH and Testosterone are normal therefore, it has to be an obstructive cause. Amongst the option, VAS obstruction is the only obstructive cause and hence our answer. | 9,421 | medmcqa_train |
a 40 yr old man underwent renal transplantation two months after transplantation he developed fever and features suggestive of bilateral diffuse interstitial pnuemonitis. what is causative agent ? | PERSONS WITH HIGH RISK OF CMV INFECTION : organ transplantation with malignant tumors who are recieving chemotherapy with hiv/aids viral excreation is icreased and prolonged diffuse interstitial pneumonia is common complication ref : ananthanaryana 9th ed | 9,422 | medmcqa_train |
A child presented to the emergency depament with seizures. On examination oval hypopigmented macules were noted on the trunk, along with sub-normal IQ. What is the probable diagnosis? | Essentials of Diagnosis & Typical Features of Tuberous sclerosis: Facial angiofibromas or subungual fibromas. Often hypomelanotic macules, gingival fibromas. Retinal hamaomas. Coical tubers or subependymal glial nodules, often calcified. Renal angiomyolipomas. Seizures are the most common presenting symptom. Up to 20% ... | 9,423 | medmcqa_train |
A 65yr old male patient presents with history of early morning bloody diarrhoea, Change in bowel habits, Intermittent Obstruction.Sometimes he had a feeling of incomplete evacuation and Tenesmus. There is no positive family history for any carcinoma.What will be the treatment of choice in this case: | CA rectum- MC site of large bowel malignancy- Usually seen in 5th - 6 decade- MC site of metastasis - Liver > lungs - Chemotherapy regimen- FOL FOX-IV* FOL - Folinic acid/ leucovorin* F- 5-FV (5-Flurouracil)* Ox- Oxaliplatin Clinical features- MC symptom - Bleeding PR- Early morning bloody diarrhea- Passage of bloody s... | 9,424 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are included in "Five cleans" of CSSM programme, except - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Clean perineum Cleans of safe delivery : o 'Five cleans' (practices) under strategies for elimination of neonatal tetanus include, Clean delivery surface Clean hands (of bih attendants) Clean cord cut (blade or instrument) Clean cord tie Clean cord stump (no applicant) o Sometimes these practices are ... | 9,425 | medmcqa_train |
Signs of placental separation are all except | There is apparent lengthening of cord with placental separation. | 9,426 | medmcqa_train |
The main cause of minimal change ds is: | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Loss of negative charge on membrane o Sialoproteins in the glomerular capillary wall are negatively charged, and studies with anionically charged and cationically charged dextrans indicate that the negative charges repel negatively charged substances in blood, with the result that filtration of anioni... | 9,427 | medmcqa_train |
A 45-year-old patient complains of pain in throat which is aggravated on swallowing and radiates to the ear and posterior part of tongue. The likely diagnosis is: | Glossopharyngeal nerve supplies base of tongue, tonsillar fossa and the ear. In glossopharyngeal neuralgia pain radiates to these areas and is precipitated by swallowing or yawning. It is relieved by anesthetizing the area. | 9,428 | medmcqa_train |
A mother is holding her newborn baby in the hospital bed just a few hours after giving bih. The mother becomes alarmed when her baby begins to have a difficulty in breathing and she rings for help. You arrive at the bedside and observe that the baby is in severe respiratory distress. A quick physical examination reveal... | This is a case of Congenital Diaphragmatic (Bochdalek) Hernia. Herniation of abdominal contents into the pleural cavity (usually left). Caused by a failure of the pleuroperitoneal membrane to develop or fuse with other components of the diaphragm. Affected neonates usually present in the first few hours of life with re... | 9,429 | medmcqa_train |
A 28-year-old man presents with a new genital ulcer on his penis that is painless. He is sexually active and noticed the lesion 1 week ago. The ulcer is 1 cm in size, has an eroded base, and an indurated margin. Dark-field examination of the ulcer fluid confirmed the diagnosis.For the above patient, select the most lik... | On dark-field examination, T pallidum (the spirochete that causes syphilis) is a thin, delicate organism with tapering ends and 6-14 spirals. When dark-field examination is not possible, direct fluorescent antibody tests are used. | 9,430 | medmcqa_train |
A HIV positive patient presents with cough for 10 days. Sputum culture by SDA reveals broad budding yeast, diagnosis: | In AIDS patients fungal infections by dimorphic fungi are more common. Of the following options all four other dimorphic fungi but the yeast stage with broad-based cells is seen only in blastomycosis histoplasma shows narrow base yeast cells. In coccidioidomycosis endospore, spherules are formed and in paracoccidioidom... | 9,431 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is known as the dangerous zone of the eye? | Ciliary body is called the dangerous area of eye Allergic theory is being postulated as the reaosn for calling it as dangerous area of eye. During trauma to eye when ciliary body is injured it exposes uveal pigments and excites plastic uveitis in the sound eye. | 9,432 | medmcqa_train |
Laboratory findings in fat embolism consist of the following except - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Hypercalcemia Fat embolismo Fat embolism means circulation of fat globule away from its site of origin,o When fat embolism causes symptoms it is called fat embolism syndrome.Causes of fat embolism :-1. Fracture of long bone (most common) - Blunt trauma6. Recent Corticosteroid administration2. Soft tis... | 9,433 | medmcqa_train |
Ture about terminal bronchioles are all except ? | Terminal bronchioles contain Clara cells which secrete a protein that lines the small air passages. Alveoli (alveolar sac) are lined by type 1 pneumocytes (95%) and type 2 pneumocytes (5%). Type 2 pneumocytes secrete surfactant and also helps in repair of alveoli after destruction of type- 1 pneumocytes. Pores of Kohn ... | 9,434 | medmcqa_train |
A 6-month-baby presented with recurrent seizures and developmental delay. On examination there was alopecia and scaly skin rashes. Investigations revealed metabolic acidosis, elevated lactates & ketonuria. What could be the underlying enzyme deficiency? | Skin rashes with presence of ketones and metabolic acidosis are all features of Multiple carboxylase deficiency. Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency- microcephaly, hypopigmentation, musty body odour Glucose 6 phosphatase deficiency- doll like facies | 9,435 | medmcqa_train |
Differential diagnosis of panic disorder includes: a. Pheochromocytoma b. Myocardial infarction c. Mitral valve prolapse d. Depression e. Carcinoid syndrome | Common physical disorders that must be ruled out before the diagnosis of panic disorder is made include myocardial infarction angina pectoris mitral valve prolapse asthma pulmonary embolism pheo- chromocytoma carcinoid syndrome hypoglycemia hypehyroidism anaemia. | 9,436 | medmcqa_train |
A patient diagnosed with depression on treatment came to emergency with altered sensorium seizures, palpitations and ECG showing sinus tachycardia. How do you treat this patient? | The above symptoms suggests of TCA toxicity in a patient of depression and NaHCO3 remains as the main stay of treating TCA toxicity and metabolic acidosis associated with it. | 9,437 | medmcqa_train |
Patient presenting with pellagra, parkinsonism, convulsions, anemia and kidney stones has deficiency of | D i.e. Pyridoxal phosphate | 9,438 | medmcqa_train |
Drugs which is ACE inhibiton ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Fosinopril Drugs acting on RASACE inhibitorsRenin inhibitorsAngiotensin antagonists (Angiotensin receptor blockers or ARBs)o Captoprilo Enalaprilo Aliskireno Losartano Lisinoprilo Benazeprilo Remikireno Candesartano Ramiprilo Fosinoprilo Enakireno Irbesartano Trandoloprilo Imidapril o Valsartano Perin... | 9,439 | medmcqa_train |
Sin needle used to kill animals made of : | B i.e. Rati seeds | 9,440 | medmcqa_train |
Cyst form is found in - | Infection is acquired from pigs and other animal reservoirs or from human carriers. The infective form is the cyst, which is ingested in contaminated food or drink.excystment takes place in the small intestine and the liberated trophozoites reach the large intestine where they feed and multiply as lumen commensals. Inf... | 9,441 | medmcqa_train |
Which one of the following conditions is associated with Kawasaki&;s syndrome? | Kawasaki disease is an acute, febrile, multisystem disease of children. Although the disease is generally benign and self-limited, it is associated with coronary aery aneurysms in approximately 25% of cases.There is typical intimal proliferation and infiltration of the vessel wall with mononuclear cells. Beadlike aneur... | 9,442 | medmcqa_train |
Constrictive pericarditis is associated with each of the following except | Constrictive pericarditis is a condition in which the filling of the hea is limited by the compressive nature of the pericardium. The pericardium acts as a rigid shell around the hea, imposing continuous positive pressure. The filling is, therefore, compromised specifically in diastole when filling is at its maximum. T... | 9,443 | medmcqa_train |
A 30 year old female presented with unilateral breast cancer associated with axillary lymph node enlargement. Modified radical mastectomy was done, fuher treatment plan will be: | Chemotherapy in Carcinoma Breast: First generation regimen such as 6-monthly cycle of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil(CMF) will acheive a 25% reduction in the risk of relapse over a 10-12 year period. CMF is no longer considered adequate adjuvant chemotherapy. Modern regimens include an anthracycline ... | 9,444 | medmcqa_train |
Investigation of choice for diagnostic evaluation of hydrocephalus is a one month old child? | Ans. b (Ultrasonography). (Ref. Grainger Radiology, 4th/2469; Refer Q. No. 17 of Radiology of MH'2002).RADIOLOGICAL PROCEDURE/ TOOLPRIME INDICATIONSIVP/IVU# Renal tuberculosis# Renal anomaliesOesophagography# TO fistula (Water-soluble contrast study)# Motility disorders (initial evaluation)# DysphagiaHysterosalpingogra... | 9,445 | medmcqa_train |
Nitrates are not used in? | C; renal colic | 9,446 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following leukemia almost never develops after radiation? | Ref: Robbin's Pathology, 9th ed. pg. 324-325Cancers associated with radiation:* ALL, AML, CML* Thyroid cancer* Breast cancer* Lung cancer* Bladder, ovarian cancerCancers not seen with radiation:* CLL* Hodgkin's lymphoma* Prostate cancer, testis cancer and cervical cancer | 9,447 | medmcqa_train |
Radiological factors indicating an unstable pelvis are all except | ref : maheswari 9th ed | 9,448 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following probably triggers the onset of labour? | Ans: a (ACTH in fetus) Ref: Ganong, 22nd ed, p. 451This also is a direct pick from self study MCQs (Chap 23 Q. 17)Mechanism responsible for onset of labour:| Circulatory estrogens due to increase in circulatory DHEAS.So |' gap junction - |' uterine contractions.| GRH by fetal hypothalamus - |' circulatory ACTH - | cort... | 9,449 | medmcqa_train |
Unilateral high stepping gait is seen in | Steppage gait (High stepping, Neuropathic gait) is a form of gait abnormality characterised by foot drop or ankle equinus due to loss of dorsiflexion. The foot hangs with the toes pointing down, causing the toes to scrape the ground while walking, requiring someone to lift the leg higher than normal when walking Condit... | 9,450 | medmcqa_train |
Increase in MCHC is associated with | Ans is 'd' i.e. Hereditary spherocystosis Mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) is the average concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red blood cells, expressed in grams per deciliter. Normal value is 33-37 gm/dlMCHC is increased in hereditary spherocytosis, not because of increased hemoglobin, but... | 9,451 | medmcqa_train |
All are true about facial colliculus EXCEPT | Facial colliculus is present on the dorsal aspect of lower (not upper) pons. It is raised by axons of facial nerve (internal genu) It is located in the floor of fouh ventricle. Abducent nucleus (6th N. ) lies deep to it. | 9,452 | medmcqa_train |
In a 2 months old infant undergoing surgery for biliary atresia, you would avoid one of the following anaesthetic – | The child with biliary atresia will have hepatic dysfunction.
Sevoflurane, thiopentone and propofol are safe in liver disease.
Halothane is not contraindicated in pre-existing liver :-
"There is no compelling evidence associated with worsening of pre-existing liver disease".
─Morgan
"Pre-existing liver disease unrela... | 9,453 | medmcqa_train |
A reflex that if once appears, never disappears is: | Parachute reflex is a reflex that if once appears, never disappears. | 9,454 | medmcqa_train |
A person's electrocardiogram (ECG) has no P wave, but has a normal QRS complex and a normal T wave. Therefore, his pacemaker is located in the | The absent P wave indicates that the atrium is not depolarizing. Therefore, the pacemaker cannot be in the sinoatrial (SA) node. Because the QRS and T waves are normal, depolarization and repolarization of the ventricle must be proceeding in the normal sequence. This situation can occur if the pacemaker is located in t... | 9,455 | medmcqa_train |
Identity '1' in the illustration depicting compliance of lungs: | Ans. A. InspirationThe illustration shows a Pressure-volume curve of the lung during inspiration and expiration. | 9,456 | medmcqa_train |
One side weakness, On NCCT No hemorrhage seen, BP is 160/100 what you should do as clinician? | - One sided weakness indicates stroke. Stroke - IOC for stroke - NCCT - IOC for acute infarct / ischemic stroke is MRI (Diffusion weighted MRI) NCCT Hyperdense Hypodense / normal Haemorrhagic stroke Ischemic stroke / acute infarct - If MRI cannot be done and ischemic stroke is suspected: Sta thrombolytics. - BP should ... | 9,457 | medmcqa_train |
Most common histological subtype of cancer endometrium is : | Histologically most of the endometrial cancers are Adenocarcinomas Hence they are called endometriod adenocarcinoma About 10-15% are Papillary serous Clear cell Adenosquamous Pure squamous Ref : Shaw Gynecology 17e pg 434. | 9,458 | medmcqa_train |
Kocher Langenbeck approach for emergency acetabular fixation is done in all Except - | Morel - Lavalle lesion is a localized area of subcutaneous fat necrosis over the lateral aspect of hip caused by same trauma that causes the acetabular fracture. The operation through it has been a/w a higher (12%) rate of postoperative infection, wound dehiscence and healing by secondary intention. The presence of a ... | 9,459 | medmcqa_train |
Lateral umbilical fold of Peritoneum is produced by? | Ans.is 'c' i.e., Inferior epigastric vesselsUmbilical folds are reflections of the parietal peritoneum that are raised from the body wall by underlying structures.A median umbilical fold :Covers median umbilical ligament (a remnant of urachus).Two medial umbilical folds :Cover medial umbilical ligaments (remnants of di... | 9,460 | medmcqa_train |
Which myxovirus does not have hemagglutinin and neuraminidase but have membrane fusion protein - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., RSV RSV does not posses hemagglutinin or neuraminidase. The viral envelope has two glycoproteins? i) G protein - By which virus attaches to cell surface ii) F- protein ( Fusion protein ) - which bring about fusion between viral and host cell membranes. It is also responsible for cell to cell fusion, w... | 9,461 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following increases BMR ?newe | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Ingestion of foodFactors affecting BMR BMR (RMR) represents tissue metabolic activity. Hence BMR is affected by any factor which alters cellular metabolic activity and energy expenditure.i) Factors increasing BMR :- Early age (infancy and childhood), male sex, pregnancy, lactation, recent ingestion of... | 9,462 | medmcqa_train |
The following is used for testing absorption in intestine - | D-xylose absorption test is used to check how well your intestines are absorbing a simple sugar called D-xylose. From the results of the test, your doctor can infer how well your body is absorbing nutrients. D-xylose is a simple sugar that occurs naturally in many plant foods. Ref Davidson edition23rd pg 822 | 9,463 | medmcqa_train |
Lymphoreticular system doesnot includes - | Lymphoreticular system include lymphoid & reticular components, with clearly demarcated function. The lymphoid cells lymphocytes & plasma cells are primarly concerned with specific immune response. The phagocytic cells, forming pa of the reticuloendothelial system are primarly concerned with the scavenger functions Ref... | 9,464 | medmcqa_train |
Reverse transcription involves | Generally, the genes are made up of DNA . Usually , DNA dependent RNA polymerase transfers the information of DNA to mRNA . But Retrovirus group , RNA acts as a template Based on this RNA , the enzyme , RNA dependent DNA polymerase or reverse transcriptase will make a new DNA strand. Reference : DM.VASUDEVAN.TEXTBOOK S... | 9,465 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following may occur in Down's syndrome except | congenital or acquired hypothyroidism,brush field spots in iris,and ventricular septal defect IS seen in a case with down syndrome.
Undescended testis is not a feature. | 9,466 | medmcqa_train |
Phospholipase A2 act on: | Ans: d. Phosphatidyl-inositolPhospholipases hydrolyze the phosphodiester bonds of phosphoglycerides, with each enzyme cleaving the phospholipid at a specific site.Phospholipases release molecules that can serve as messengers (for example, DAG and IP3), or that are the substrates for synthesis of messengers (for example... | 9,467 | medmcqa_train |
The most impoant cause of the death in septic shock is- | Hypotension is the most common cause of death in septic shock Cardiac output is decreased in septic shock, leading to hypotension Ref: Sabiston 20th edition Pgno :554 | 9,468 | medmcqa_train |
Osteoporosis is caused by all, except - | Oestradiol is used to prevent osteoporosis.
Other causes of osteoporosis have been discussed before. | 9,469 | medmcqa_train |
Patellar tendon bearing P.O.P. cast is indicated in the following fracture: | Patellar tendon bearing cast is indicated in fracture shaft of tibia (closed fracture). With good alignment it unites within 6 weeks in the case of children and 16 - 20 weeks in adults. Ref: Essential Ohopedics By J Maheswari, 2nd Edition, Page 133; Rockwood and Green's 'Fractures in Adult', 4th Edition, Page 163 | 9,470 | medmcqa_train |
The presence of large quantities of unabsorbed solutes in the renal tubule causes an increase in urine volume this is called | Diuresis due to a high concentration of osmotically active substances in the renal tubules (for example, urea, sodium sulfate), which limit the reabsorption of water.Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology; 24th edition; page no; 689 | 9,471 | medmcqa_train |
Increased gastric acid secretion occurs in | Gastric ulcersTYPELOCATIONACID LEVELI60%Lesser curve at incisuraLow to normalII15%Gastric body with duodenal ulcerIncreasedIII20%Prepyloric IncreasedIVLess than 10%High on lesser curveNormalVAnywhereNormal, NSAID-inducedSome ulcers may appear on the greater curvature of the stomach,but the incidence is less than 5%Sabi... | 9,472 | medmcqa_train |
Name the muscle forming pelvic diaphragm? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Levator aniThe muscles given in question are of pelvic diaphragm and urogenital diaphragm.Pelvic diaphragm The pelvic floor is formed by 'pelvic diaphragm' which consists of levator ani and coccygeus. The pelvic diaphragm separates the perineum below from pelvis above.Pelvic diaphragm is traversed by ... | 9,473 | medmcqa_train |
Most serious side effects of amphotericin B: | Ref: Sharma & Sharma 3rd ed. P 783Adverse Drug reactions of Amphotericin B* The most common, most serious and long term side effect of amphotericin B is Nephrotoxicity (renal tubular necrosis)* This nephrotoxicity presents with hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia secondary to renal tubular acidosis, azotemia and even irreversi... | 9,474 | medmcqa_train |
Most common aerial thrombosis related manifestations in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is: | Aerial thrombosis and related consequences in APLA syndrome: Stroke-20%, TIA-11 %, Myocardial ischemia-10% Amaurosis fugax-7% Ref: Harrisons principles of internal medicine, 18th edition, Page 2737 | 9,475 | medmcqa_train |
Fluoride level permissible in drinking water ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., 1.5 mg/L The recommended level of fluoride in drinking water in the country is accepted as 0.5 to 0.8 mg/ Liter. -Park o Maximum permissible limit is 1.5 mg/Lit. Guidelines of for drinking water Colour < 15 true colour units (TCU) Turbidity < 1 nephlometric turbidity units (NTU) Hardness < 100 - 300 m... | 9,476 | medmcqa_train |
Alcohol is found in all except : | Alcoholic group is found in Glucocerebrosides, Sphingomyelin, Lecithin except for DHA. DHA (Docosa Hexaenoic Acid) 22C fatty acid with 6 double bonds. No alcohol is present Glucocerebrosides & Sphingomyelin contains Sphingosine alcohol. Lecithin contains Glycerol alcohol. | 9,477 | medmcqa_train |
Joint NOT involved in Rheumatoid Arthritis: | Ans. (a) D.I.PRef: Maheshwari 5th ed. 1287* Rheumatoid arthritis characteristically causes swelling of small joints in the hand like the P.I.P, M.C.P and the wrist joint bilaterally.* Isolated D.I.P joint involvement is seen in psoriatic arthropathy.* D.I.P joint involvement is also seen with osteo-arthritis but the in... | 9,478 | medmcqa_train |
Mody false is - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Insulin dependent Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) o This is characterized by non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitusQ o The usual age of onset is 25 years or youngerQ o Patients are nonobese and their hyperglycemia is due to impaired glucose induced secretion of insulinQ. o It generally re... | 9,479 | medmcqa_train |
All are true regarding disinfectants except ? | Ans. is 'c'i.e., Ethylene oxide is intermediate disinfectant Phenols do not require organic matter to act, rather they are slowly and paly deactivated by organic matter. Organic matter tends to absorb phenol and lowers the concentrationu available to kill microorganism. Do not get confused with the answer of previous q... | 9,480 | medmcqa_train |
In ectopic pregnancy all are useful for diagnosis except | Ans) d (Flat abdomen) Ref Williams 22nd ed pg 259All except flat abdomen are useful for diagnosing ectopic pregnancy.Ectopic pregnancyCommonest site - AmpullaCommonest cause - PID (Salpingitis)Other causes - IUCD (Progestasert)- Tubal surgery- Adhesion following pelvic surgery- ARTPrevious ectopic -10% chance of recurr... | 9,481 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following types of hyperiglyceridemia is associated with an increase in chylomicron and VLDL remnants? | Frederickson's classification of hyperlipoproteinemias Type III Lipoprotein fraction elevated: Broad beta VLDL Chylomicrons It is very rare. It is due to increased levels of LDL and IDL. Beta lipoprotein floats on ultra-centrifugation and a broad beta band is observed on electrophoresisRef: DM Vasudevan - Textbook of B... | 9,482 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following muscles adducts the vocal cords? | Lateral cricoarytenoid. The oblique and transverse arytenoids and thyroartenoid also adduct the vocal folds. The posterior cricoarytenoids abducts the vocal cords. The cricothyroid muscle raises the cricoid cartilage and tenses the vocal cords. | 9,483 | medmcqa_train |
Exclusive breastfeeding is at least until – | Exclusive breastfeeding: The baby should be given only breast Milk and nothing else (not even water) for the first 6 months of life. Weaning should be started by 6 months of age with semisolid food, in addition to continuing breastfeeding.
The WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life and ... | 9,484 | medmcqa_train |
Hyaluronic acid is present in | Vitreous is composed of water, collagen and hyaluronic acid. Vitreous Humour. Vitreous humor is the fluid-like gel, composed of approximately 98-99% water with trace amounts of hyaluronic acid, glucose, anions, cations, ions, and collagen, located in the posterior chambers of the eyes Reference: khurana 6th edition pg ... | 9,485 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following statements about primary Gouty ahritisare true, Except | In over 90% of patients, the main abnormality is reduced uric acidexcretion by the kidney, which is genetically determined. Impaired renal excretion of urate also accounts for the occurrence of hyperuricaemia in chronic renal failure, and for hyperuricaemia associated with thiazide diuretic therapy . The prevalence of ... | 9,486 | medmcqa_train |
All are features of hypernephroma except: | RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (AKA gravitz tumor, hypernephroma, internist's tumor, radiologist's tumor) - More common in males, in 6th and 7th decade - Tumor usually involve upper pole Most common site of distant metastasis are lungs (cannon ball deposits and pulsatile osteolytic secondaries in bone>liver>brain) Characteristic... | 9,487 | medmcqa_train |
Oral glucose tolerance test in children is done with | Ideal weight of the glucose taken for glucose tolerance test for children are 1.75gm/kg glucose . Obtain a fasting blood sugar level, then administer an oral glucose load (2 g/kg for children aged < 3 y, 1.75 g/kg for children aged 3-10 y , or 75 g for children aged >10 y). Check the blood glucose concentration again a... | 9,488 | medmcqa_train |
<img alt="" src=" />Which is not a feature of Netheon Syndrome | This autosomal recessive disorder is characterized by ichthyosis (usually ichthyosis linearis circumflexa but occasionally the lamellar or congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma types), trichorrhexis invaginata and other hair shaft anomalies, and atopic diathesis. Mutations in the gene SPINK 5, which encodes a serine pr... | 9,489 | medmcqa_train |
A young woman presents with delayed cycles and abnormal growth of hair on face. On USG ovaries are normal. What is the most probable diagnosis? | Idiopathic hirsutism is hrisutism in absence of any adrenal or ovarian tumor and normal serum levels of androgens. This is only 25 % of al the cases of hirsutism, and not the commonest! The most common cause of hyperandrogenism and hirsutism is PCOS. There are only two major criteria for the diagnosis of PCOS: anovulat... | 9,490 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are features of Friadreich's Ataxia, Except: | Answer is D (Extensor plantar with brisk lower limb reflexes): Friedreich's Ataxia, is characteristically associated with an extensor plantar response but absent lower limb reflexes. Lower limb reflexes are characteristically absent (in most patients) and not brisk. Cardiomyopathy is a common association seen in up to ... | 9,491 | medmcqa_train |
Treatment of choice in a young patient with primary dysmenorrhea is: March 2011 | Ans. D: Symptomatic Therapy for primary dysmenorrhoea consists of measure to relieve pain and to suppress ovulation if the woman desires contraception additionally Surgery is indicated if medical measures fail to provide relief and in women with secondary dysmenorrhoea to treat the underlying pelvic pathology | 9,492 | medmcqa_train |
Carcinoma, which has predilection for metastasis to hands and feet bones: March 2007 | Ans. B: Bronchus In adults, the metastatic lesions generally occur in the axial skeleton and other sites with residual red marrow, although the lesions may be found anywhere in the skeletal system. Common sites for metastases are the veebrae, pelvis, proximal pas of the femur, ribs, proximal pa of the humerus, and skul... | 9,493 | medmcqa_train |
All except one is true regarding minimum alveolar concentration | Rate of induction depends on Blood gas partition coefficient. | 9,494 | medmcqa_train |
"Double bubble sign" seen in | (Annular pancreas) (1120, 1198-LB) (1137-B & L 25th)Annular pancreas - in which a ring of pancreatic tissue from the head of the pancreas surrounds the descending duodenum X-ray shows a dilated stomach and proximal duodenum (double bubble sign) and little or no air in the rest of the small bowel.Congenital duodenal obs... | 9,495 | medmcqa_train |
A 2 years old child is brought to the emergency with history of fever and vomiting. On examination he has neck rigidity. The CSF examination shows polymorphs more that 2000/m1 protein 100 mg/dl and glucose 10mg/d1. The Gram stain shows the presence of Gram negative coccobacilli. The culture shows growth of bacteria onl... | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Haemophilus influenzae . The impoant clues in this question are ? The organism is gram negative coccobacilli. It grows only on chocolate agar and not on blood agar. Causing meningitis in children. . Haemophilus influenzae : - Gram negative Coccobacilli - Can not grow in blood agar because utilization ... | 9,496 | medmcqa_train |
Upper Lid Retractors include ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Levator palpabrae superioris & muller muscleo The levator palpebrae superioris is the important upper eye lid retractor. Injury or weakness to this muscle leads to ptosis.o This muscle is supplied by occulomotor (3rd) nerve.o Deep part of the elevator muscle is the Muller's muscle, which is sympatheti... | 9,497 | medmcqa_train |
What is the chance of having Homocystinuria if only one parent is affected and the other is normal? | Homocystinuria is autosomal recesive disorder.If one parent is affected and the other is normal,none of the children will be affected. | 9,498 | medmcqa_train |
Fish mouth stenosis in rheumatic hea disease is due to which of the following mechanisms? | Fish mouth stenosis in RHD is manifestation of Chronic RHD involving mitral valve which is due to calcification and fibrosis bridging across valvular commissures. RHD is viually the only cause of mitral stenosis. Acute and chronic rheumatic hea disease. A) Acute rheumatic mitral valvulitis superimposed on chronic rheum... | 9,499 | medmcqa_train |
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