dataset string | id string | question string | choices list | rationale string | answer string | subject string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sciq | sciq_1940 | Lymph vessels, like veins, have what objects that prevent the backflow of fluid? | [
"fibers",
"valves",
"pores",
"pumps"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_11418 | What do you call the point at which the entire weight of a body may be considered to be concentrated? | [
"center of earth",
"direction of gravity",
"center of gravity",
"complex of gravity"
] | Every object has a center of gravity . The center of gravity is the point at which the entire weight of a body may be considered to be concentrated; if supported at this point, the body would remain in equilibrium in any position. For example, if we were discussing a 12-inch ruler, the center of gravity for the ruler w... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_11132 | What is the name of the command center of the cell? | [
"nucleus",
"mitochondria",
"vacuole",
"molecules"
] | 3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication The nucleus is the command center of the cell, containing the genetic instructions for all of the materials a cell will make (and thus all of its functions it can perform). The nucleus is encased within a membrane of two interconnected lipid bilayers, side-by-side. This nuclear envel... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2553 | What is the key issue in the small-population approach? | [
"genetic mutation",
"alternative variation",
"genetic variation",
"disease variation"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_11332 | What are diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits examples of? | [
"computer parts",
"radio parts",
"electronic components",
"machine parts"
] | Electronic components are the parts used in electronic devices. They are made of p-type and n-type semiconductors. Examples of electronic components include diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits (microchips). | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10365 | What are the layered rocks that form when certain prokaryotes bind thin films of sediment together? | [
"quartzes",
"stalactites",
"stomatolites",
"stalagmites"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_9993 | Acids can also react with metals, and when they do they produce what? | [
"alloys",
"rust",
"potassium gas",
"hydrogen gas"
] | You already know that a sour taste is one property of acids. ( Warning : Never taste an unknown substance to see whether it is an acid!) Acids have certain other properties as well. For example, acids can conduct electricity when dissolved in water because they consist of charged particles in solution. (Electric curren... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4171 | Like animals, protozoa are heterotrophic and capable of what? | [
"moving",
"creating",
"working",
"pushing"
] | Like animals, protozoa are heterotrophic and capable of moving. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_898 | The group 18 gases that have 8 valence electrons are referred to as what type of gases? | [
"metal",
"important",
"novel",
"noble"
] | A common way to keep track of valence electrons is with Lewis electron dot structures . In an electron dot structure, each atom is represented by its chemical symbol, and each valence electron is represented by a single dot. Note that only valence electrons are shown explicitly in these diagrams. For the main group ele... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3899 | Where a cell resides, how it appears, and what it does define its what? | [
"minute race",
"slowing rate",
"development fate",
"life cycle"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_2654 | What purpose does the appendix serve in humans today? | [
"filters blood",
"work",
"none",
"digests food"
] | Structures like the human tail bone are called vestigial structures . Evolution has reduced their size because the structures are no longer used. The human appendix is another example of a vestigial structure. It is a tiny remnant of a once-larger organ. In a distant ancestor, it was needed to digest food. It serves no... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_286 | What are generally divided into prosimian and non-prosimian? | [
"primates",
"insects",
"rodents",
"carnivores"
] | Primates are generally divided into prosimian and non-prosimian primates. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_504 | Nearly all protists exist in some type of aquatic environment, including freshwater and marine environments, damp soil, and even snow. several protist species are parasites that infect animals or plants. a few protist species live on dead organisms or their wastes, and contribute to what? | [
"habitat loss",
"their decay",
"greenhouse gas",
"spontaneous mutation"
] | Habitats Nearly all protists exist in some type of aquatic environment, including freshwater and marine environments, damp soil, and even snow. Several protist species are parasites that infect animals or plants. A few protist species live on dead organisms or their wastes, and contribute to their decay. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1276 | People with osteoporosis have an increase risk of what? | [
"muscle loss",
"cancer",
"bone fractures",
"weight loss"
] | People with osteoporosis have an increased risk of bone fractures. A bone fracture is a crack or break in bone. Even if you have healthy bones, you may fracture a bone if too much stress is placed on it. This could happen in a car crash or while playing a sport. Wearing a seatbelt when you ride in a motor vehicle and w... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9261 | What part of the plant anchors it into the soil? | [
"buds",
"roots",
"leaves",
"stems"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_11580 | What term refers to the sequence of community and ecosystem changes after a disturbance? | [
"ecological succession",
"physiological succession",
"disturbance succession",
"progressions"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_3819 | What rises through solid rocks where conditions are right? | [
"water",
"crystals",
"nitrogen",
"magma"
] | Lithospheric plates do a lot of moving on Earth's surface. Slabs of lithosphere smash into each other. They move sideways past each other along faults. Where conditions are right, magma rises through solid rock. It's no wonder that rocks experience stress! Rocks respond differently to different types of stress and unde... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8799 | What causes acid rain, ozone depletion, and global warming? | [
"radiation",
"air pollution",
"water pollution",
"ozone layer"
] | Air pollution consists of chemical substances and particles released into the air, mainly by human actions. The major cause of outdoor air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels. Indoor air can also be polluted. Air pollution, in turn, causes acid rain, ozone depletion, and global warming. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11147 | What type of climates are found around the equator? | [
"tundras",
"tropical",
"arid",
"arctics"
] | Tropical climates are found around the Equator. As you'd expect, these climates have warm temperatures year round. The warm air rises at the Equator. As it rises, it cools, causing it to rain. Tropical climates may be very wet, or wet and dry. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5588 | The process when heat is released is referred to as what? | [
"endothermic",
"insular",
"exothermic",
"geothermal"
] | Heat involves the transfer of thermal energy between two bodies that are at different temperatures. If you held a flask containing a reaction that releases energy, you would be able to feel the heat being transferred from the reaction into your hand. A process in which heat is released is referred to as exothermic . Co... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3718 | What lizards can change colors based on the color of their surroundings? | [
"geckos",
"skink",
"chameleons",
"Monitor"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_1261 | What kind of compound, contained in coffee and alcohol, increases urine volume? | [
"anabolic",
"additive",
"acid",
"diuretic"
] | Diuretics and Fluid Volume A diuretic is a compound that increases urine volume. Three familiar drinks contain diuretic compounds: coffee, tea, and alcohol. The caffeine in coffee and tea works by promoting vasodilation in the nephron, which increases GFR. Alcohol increases GFR by inhibiting ADH release from the poster... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2089 | What part of the muscle fibers cause shortening and contraction? | [
"pores",
"myofibrils",
"collagen",
"fasciae"
] | The sliding-and-shortening process occurs all along many myofibrils and in many muscle fibers. It causes the muscle fibers to shorten and the muscle to contract. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2415 | What is the period from earth's origin to the beginning of the phanerozoic eon? | [
"anatolian",
"precambrian",
"Paleolithic",
"Cenozoic"
] | For the first 4 billion years of Earth history there is only a little evidence of life. Organisms were tiny and soft and did not fossilize well. But scientists use a variety of ways to figure out what this early life was like. Note that the period from Earth's origin to the beginning of the Phanerozoic is called the Pr... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_142 | What muscles are used to pump water over the gills? | [
"jaws and pharynx",
"pharynx and tonsils",
"muscles and pharynx",
"lungs and pharynx"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_77 | When populations get close to the carrying capacity, what happens to growth? | [
"halts",
"dies",
"spikes",
"slows"
] | Populations usually grow bigger when they have what they need. How fast they grow depends on birth and death rates. They grow more slowly as they get close to the carrying capacity. This is the biggest population the environment can support. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8106 | Skeletal muscle cells and cardiac muscle cells share what property, which is not shared by smooth muscle cells? | [
"filaments",
"surfaces",
"striations",
"overlap"
] | Figure 33.18 Smooth muscle cells do not have striations, while skeletal muscle cells do. Cardiac muscle cells have striations, but, unlike the multinucleate skeletal cells, they have only one nucleus. Cardiac muscle tissue also has intercalated discs, specialized regions running along the plasma membrane that join adja... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5264 | What organ does asthma periodically cause to narrow? | [
"ovaries",
"intestines",
"lungs",
"liver"
] | Asthma is a disease in which the air passages of the lungs periodically become too narrow, often with excessive mucus production. This causes difficulty breathing, coughing, and chest tightness. An asthma attack may be triggered by allergens, strenuous exercise, stress, or other factors. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2982 | A crow that becomes used to a scarecrow and lands on it is an example of what? | [
"assimilation",
"habituation",
"adaptation",
"dissociation"
] | Another example of habituation is shown below ( Figure below ). Crows and most other birds are usually afraid of people. They avoid coming close to people, or they fly away when people come near them. The crows landing on this scarecrow have become used to a “human” in this place. They have learned that the scarecrow p... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4143 | Earthquakes have both longitudinal and transverse components, and these travel at what? | [
"the speed of light",
"different speeds",
"the speed of sound",
"identical speeds"
] | Earthquakes, essentially sound waves in Earth’s crust, are an interesting example of how the speed of sound depends on the rigidity of the medium. Earthquakes have both longitudinal and transverse components, and these travel at different speeds. The bulk modulus of granite is greater than its shear modulus. For that r... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5240 | In what human organ system would you find live e. coli bacteria? | [
"circulatory system",
"respiratory system",
"digestive system",
"skeletal system"
] | E. coli bacteria are anaerobic bacteria that live in the human digestive tract. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10716 | Secondary pollutants form from chemical reactions that occur when pollution is exposed to what? | [
"humans",
"air",
"sunlight",
"water"
] | Secondary pollutants form from chemical reactions that occur when pollution is exposed to sunlight. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10806 | What is the name of the procedure where an unknown compound can be analyzed in the laboratory in order to determine the percentages of each element contained within it? | [
"electrical analysis",
"elemental analysis",
"gaseous analysis",
"chemical analysis"
] | In a procedure called elemental analysis , an unknown compound can be analyzed in the laboratory in order to determine the percentages of each element contained within it. These percentages can be transformed into the mole ratio of the elements, which leads to the empirical formula. The steps to be taken are outlined b... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2053 | What does the human heart do? | [
"pump blood",
"use blood",
"destroy blood",
"make blood"
] | The heart of a resting adult pumps blood at a rate of 5.00 3 L/min. (a) Convert this to cm /s . (b) What is this rate in m 3 /s ? 3. Blood is pumped from the heart at a rate of 5.0 L/min into the aorta (of radius 1.0 cm). Determine the speed of blood through the aorta. Blood is flowing through an artery of radius 2 mm ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1675 | What organism is at the top of the energy pyramid? | [
"primate",
"carnivore",
"insects",
"herbivore"
] | Each step of the food chain in the energy pyramid is called a trophic level . Plants or other photosynthetic organisms ( autotrophs ) are found on the first trophic level, at the bottom of the pyramid. The next level will be the herbivores, and then the carnivores that eat the herbivores. The energy pyramid ( Figure be... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7095 | Parthenogenesis is the most common form of what in animals that at other times reproduce sexually? | [
"sexual dimorphism",
"budding",
"cell division",
"asexual reproduction"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_5718 | What do you call a substance that is not an acid or a base? | [
"neutral",
"oxidic",
"toxic",
"equivalent"
] | What is one of the most important characteristics of a referee? A referee must be neutral. He can’t favor one team over the other. In chemistry, being neutral means not being an acid or a base. Pure water is an example of a neutral substance. In some chemical reactions, an acid and a base combine to form neutral produc... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7563 | What element is all life built around? | [
"hydrogen",
"oxygen",
"neon",
"carbon"
] | The cell is the basic unit of life. A cell is made of molecules, which are made of elements. All life-which means all bacteria and archaea, all protists, fungi, plants and animals-is built around the element carbon, and four categories of organic compounds: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. These mole... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2400 | The barrier defenses are not a response to infections, but they are continuously working to protect against a broad range of what? | [
"mates",
"ecosystems",
"nutrients",
"pathogens"
] | environment of the body’s soft tissues. Barrier defenses are part of the body’s most basic defense mechanisms. The barrier defenses are not a response to infections, but they are continuously working to protect against a broad range of pathogens. The different modes of barrier defenses are associated with the external ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6378 | What system is responsible for defending your body against sickness? | [
"circulatory system",
"nervous system",
"digestion system",
"immune system"
] | Infectious diseases are diseases that spread from person to person. They are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses or fungi. What can you do to avoid infectious diseases? Eating right and getting plenty of sleep are a good start. These habits will help keep your immune system healthy. With a healthy immune syst... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11078 | What causes reduction of elasticity in all organs? | [
"low vitamin D",
"weight gain",
"age",
"radiation"
] | Unlike bones and tendons, which need to be strong as well as elastic, the arteries and lungs need to be very stretchable. The elastic properties of the arteries are essential for blood flow. The pressure in the arteries increases and arterial walls stretch when the blood is pumped out of the heart. When the aortic valv... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9117 | What sustains the fetus while it grows inside the mother’s uterus? | [
"endometrium",
"placenta",
"mitochondria",
"bacteria"
] | Placental mammals get their name from the placenta. This is a spongy structure that develops during pregnancy only in placental mammals. You can see where a human placenta forms in Figure below . The placenta sustains the fetus while it grows inside the mother’s uterus. It consists of membranes and blood vessels from b... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_648 | Astronomers have wondered if the universe is expanding fast enough to escape the pull of what? | [
"light",
"kinetic energy",
"Coreolis effect",
"gravity"
] | We know that the Universe is expanding. Astronomers have wondered if it is expanding fast enough to escape the pull of gravity. Would the Universe just expand forever? If it could not escape the pull of gravity, would it someday start to contract? This means it would eventually get squeezed together in a big crunch. Th... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2480 | What organs are the main organs of the urinary system? | [
"prostate",
"gall bladder",
"spleen",
"kidneys"
] | The kidneys are the main organs of the urinary system. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3913 | Many plants generate root pressure during which phase? | [
"developing season",
"end of life cycle",
"flowering season",
"growing season"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_1264 | Worldwide, viruses seem to play a role in what percentage of the cases of human cancer? | [
"15%",
"+.15 %",
"20 %",
"5%"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_11125 | The vector of what organism is significant on a map showing the location of malaria? | [
"virus",
"fungi",
"worm",
"mosquito"
] | Worldwide Distribution of Malaria. This map shows where malaria is found. The area is determined by the mosquito vector. The mosquito can live year-round only in the red-shaded areas. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1382 | What is the outermost layer of the skin? | [
"epidermis",
"callus",
"dermis",
"nexus"
] | The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin. It forms the waterproof, protective wrap over the body's surface. Although the top layer of epidermis is only about as thick as a sheet of paper, it is made up of 25 to 30 layers of cells. The epidermis also contains cells that produce melanin. Melanin is the brownish p... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3512 | Where is chlorine gas produced? | [
"at the anode",
"in the nucleus",
"carbon cycle",
"epidermis"
] | It may be logical to assume that the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride, called brine , would yield the same result through the same reactions as the process in molten NaCl. However, the reduction reaction that occurs at the cathode does not produce sodium metal because the water is reduced instead. This is becaus... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9012 | What colorful phenomenon occurs in the northern sky when particles from the sun energize ions in the thermosphere? | [
"Coriolis effect",
"aurora nervosa",
"meteor shower",
"northern lights"
] | Particles from the Sun energize ions in the thermosphere. This creates the northern and southern lights. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4850 | What are drumlins, eskers, and kettle lakes formed by? | [
"tsunamis",
"earthquakes",
"glaciers",
"meteors"
] | Drumlins, eskers, and kettle lakes are features made of glacial till. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4939 | Maintaining a high metabolic rate takes a lot of what? | [
"fuel",
"hydrogen",
"power",
"energy"
] | Maintaining a high metabolic rate takes a lot of energy. The energy must come from food. Therefore, mammals need a nutritious and plentiful diet. The diets of mammals are diverse. Except for leaf litter and wood, almost any kind of organic matter may be eaten by mammals. Some mammals are strictly herbivores or strictly... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_420 | The pleura that surrounds the lungs consists of how many layers? | [
"two",
"one",
"three",
"four"
] | The pleura that surrounds the lungs consists of two layers, the ________. visceral and parietal pleurae. mediastinum and parietal pleurae. visceral and mediastinum pleurae. none of the above 14. Which of the following processes does atmospheric pressure play a role in? a. pulmonary ventilation b. production of pulmonar... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10084 | What property is the result of the force of gravity being opposed by the normal force? | [
"density",
"weight",
"light",
"sound"
] | For a full description of weight, look at Forces: Mass versus Weight. In sum, weight is the result of the force of gravity being opposed by the normal force. As we just learned, objects in orbit are in freefall; they have nothing exerting a normal force against them and thus no weight. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4998 | What is defined as a push or pull acting on an object? | [
"motion",
"work",
"effort",
"force"
] | Force is defined as a push or pull acting on an object. Forces include gravity, friction, and applied force. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5552 | Pressure relationships inspiration (or inhalation) and expiration (or exhalation) are dependent on the differences in pressure between the atmosphere and these? | [
"bones",
"lungs",
"enzymes",
"salts"
] | Pressure Relationships Inspiration (or inhalation) and expiration (or exhalation) are dependent on the differences in pressure between the atmosphere and the lungs. In a gas, pressure is a force created by the movement of gas molecules that are confined. For example, a certain number of gas molecules in a two-liter con... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9854 | The posterior pituitary releases which hormone, which stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth? | [
"estrogen",
"estradiol",
"oxytocin",
"insulin"
] | In addition to producing FSH and LH, the anterior portion of the pituitary gland also produces the hormone prolactin (PRL) in females. Prolactin stimulates the production of milk by the mammary glands following childbirth. Prolactin levels are regulated by the hypothalamic hormones prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) and... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_251 | Cycling, shoveling snow and cross-country skiing are examples of what kind of heart-strengthening activity? | [
"aerobic",
"anaerobic",
"metabolism",
"exercise"
] | When done regularly, aerobic activities, such as cycling, make the heart stronger. Other aerobic activities include mowing lawn, shoveling snow and cross country skiing. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10535 | Animals can not produce their own food making them _________. | [
"heterotrophs",
"photoreliant",
"autotrophs",
"omnivores"
] | Animals are a kingdom of multicellular eukaryotes. They cannot make their own food. Instead, they get nutrients by eating other living things. Therefore, animals are heterotrophs . | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3278 | What rocks are formed by crystallization of chemical precipitates? | [
"volcanic",
"carbon sedimentary",
"layered",
"chemical sedimentary"
] | Sedimentary rocks formed by the crystallization of chemical precipitates are called chemical sedimentary rocks . Dissolved ions in fluids precipitate out of the fluid and settle out, just like the halite pictured below ( Figure below ). | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1718 | What is the most important element to life? | [
"oxygen",
"hydrogen",
"carbon",
"nitrogen"
] | Carbon is the most important element to life. Without this element, life as we know it would not exist. As you will see, carbon is the central element in compounds necessary for life-organic compounds. These compounds include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8969 | What type of sedimentary rocks are made of minerals that precipitate from saline water? | [
"limestone",
"sandstone",
"shale",
"chemical sedimentary rocks"
] | The main types of sedimentary rocks are clastic or chemical. Some sedimentary rocks are a third type, organic. Clastic sedimentary rocks are made of sediments. The sediments differ in size. Chemical sedimentary rocks are made of minerals that precipitate from saline water. Organic sedimentary rocks are made from the bo... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2091 | If a solution contains so much solute that its solubility limit is reached, the solution is said to be what? | [
"carbohydrates",
"Over done",
"saturated",
"temperatures"
] | If a solution contains so much solute that its solubility limit is reached, the solution is said to be saturated, and its concentration is known from information contained inTable 9.2 "Solubilities of Various Solutes in Water at 25°C (Except as Noted)". If a solution contains less solute than the solubility limit, it i... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7762 | What kind of surface temperature is found on venus? | [
"cool",
"extremely high",
"cold",
"a little hot"
] | Venus is the second planet from the Sun and the closest planet to Earth, in distance and in size. Venus has a very thick, corrosive atmosphere, and the surface temperature is extremely high. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6109 | Almost all vascular plants have mycorrhizae and rely on their fungal partners for what? | [
"nutrients",
"sunlight",
"respiration",
"air"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_11510 | What is the major cause of chronic respiratory disease as well as cardiovascular disease and cancer? | [
"exercise",
"smoking",
"diet",
"drinking"
] | Smoking is the major cause of chronic respiratory disease as well as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Exposure to tobacco smoke by smoking or by breathing air that contains tobacco smoke is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Regular smokers die about 10 years earlier than nonsmokers do. The ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2156 | What are used to lift large masses of magnetic materials such as scrap iron, rolls of steel, and auto parts? | [
"screws",
"Glue",
"Tape",
"electromagnets"
] | Electromagnets find use in many practical applications. Electromagnets are used to lift large masses of magnetic materials such as scrap iron, rolls of steel, and auto parts. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7564 | What are seamounts that rise above the water surface called? | [
"sandbars",
"coasts",
"reefs",
"islands"
] | A seamount is a volcanic mountain on the ocean floor. Seamounts that rise above the water surface are known as islands. There are many seamounts dotting the seafloor. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6714 | He mass spectrometer measures the percent abundance of different what? | [
"reactions",
"organisms",
"Proteins",
"isotopes"
] | The mass spectrometer measures the percent abundance of different isotopes in a given sample. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_720 | What forms when an atom gains electrons? | [
"bonds",
"crystals",
"cations",
"anions"
] | Anions form when an atom gains electrons. Nonmetallic atoms typically gain enough electrons to obtain the same electron configuration as the nearest noble gas. All the elements in Group 17 have seven valence electrons, which are arranged into an outer configuration of n s 2 n p 5 . To achieve a noble gas configuration ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4106 | A largemouth bass is an example of a cold-blooded animal that conforms to what aspect of the lake it inhabits? | [
"depth",
"temperature",
"oxygen",
"precipitation"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_8467 | What happens if a person doesn’t take in enough water to replace the water lost in sweat? | [
"fatigue",
"diarrhea",
"relaxation",
"dehydration"
] | The boy in Figure below is taking a water break while playing outside on a hot day. If he doesn’t take in enough water to replace the water lost in sweat, he may become dehydrated. Symptoms of dehydration include dry mouth, headache, and dizziness. Dehydration can be very serious. It can even cause death. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4906 | A, t, g, and c pairs are associated with what substance that is important in genetics? | [
"dna",
"blood",
"plasma",
"bacteria"
] | Only certain types of base pairing are allowed. For example, a certain purine can only pair with a certain pyrimidine. This means A can pair with T, and G can pair with C, as shown in Figure 3.33. This is known as the base complementary rule. In other words, the DNA strands are complementary to each other. If the seque... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4319 | Name the process of removing wastes from the body. | [
"depletion",
"degradation",
"excretion",
"filtration"
] | Excretion is the process of removing wastes from the body. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4715 | Prokaryotic cells can only regulate gene expression by controlling the amount of what? | [
"translation",
"transcription",
"RNA processing",
"folding"
] | Evolution of Gene Regulation Prokaryotic cells can only regulate gene expression by controlling the amount of transcription. As eukaryotic cells evolved, the complexity of the control of gene expression increased. For example, with the evolution of eukaryotic cells came compartmentalization of important cellular compon... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4040 | What type of numbers specify the arrangement of electrons in orbitals? | [
"ionic numbers",
"stream numbers",
"fusion numbers",
"quantum numbers"
] | Quantum numbers specify the arrangements of electrons in orbitals. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_448 | What do cells secrete that binds to receptors? | [
"endorphans",
"proteins",
"stress",
"factor"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_11099 | What is the term for dry climate regions at higher altitudes that have short grasses and low bushes? | [
"steppes",
"prairie",
"fringes",
"deserts"
] | Other dry climates get a little more precipitation. They are called steppes . These regions have short grasses and low bushes (see Figure below ). Steppes occur at higher latitudes than deserts. They are dry because they are in continental interiors or rain shadows. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10975 | Tuataras, lizards, and snakes are members of what subclass of reptiles? | [
"lepidosaurs",
"dinosaurs",
"arthropods",
"staurikosaurus"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_3352 | Why do sharks sense low levels of electricity? | [
"to reproduce",
"to locate prey",
"to sleep",
"to locate mates"
] | Fish also have a centralized nervous system with a brain. Fish brains are small compared with the brains of other vertebrates, but they are large and complex compared with the brains of invertebrates. Fish also have highly developed sense organs that allow them to see, hear, feel, smell, and taste. Sharks and some othe... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11568 | What causes an elastic force in springs? | [
"momentum",
"freezing",
"velocity",
"stretching or compressing"
] | Springs like the ones in Figure below also have elastic force when they are stretched or compressed. And like stretchy materials, they return to their original shape when the stretching or compressing force is released. Because of these properties, springs are used in scales to measure weight. They also cushion the rid... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3000 | What year did the soho spacecraft first started to operate? | [
"2006",
"1996",
"2012",
"1987"
] | Humans have sent spacecraft up to study our star. The SOHO spacecraft has been in operation since 1996. The craft orbits the Sun in step with Earth but closer to it. SOHO has sent back amazing images. Onboard instruments have also sent back mountains of data. The data is mostly about the Sun's outer layers. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1693 | The partial pressure of each gas in a mixture is proportional to its what? | [
"chemical fraction",
"lactic fraction",
"mole fraction",
"mesh fraction"
] | The partial pressure of each gas in a mixture is proportional to its mole fraction. KEY EQUATIONS Mole fraction. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4152 | What is the only mechanism that consistently causes adaptive evolution? | [
"genetic drift",
"natural selection",
"artificial selection",
"neutral selection"
] | 23.4 Natural selection is the only mechanism that consistently causes adaptive evolution. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11644 | What in orange juice makes it taste sour? | [
"carbonation",
"amino acid",
"acetic acid",
"citric acid"
] | Some solutions have special properties because they are acids. Orange juice is an example. It contains an acid called citric acid. It makes orange juice taste sour. Some solutions are bases rather than acids. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9292 | Muscarinic receptors can cause both depolarization or hyperpolarization depending on the what? | [
"phenotype",
"strain",
"gravity",
"subtype"
] | Nicotinic receptor causes depolarization. Muscarinic receptors can cause both depolarization or hyperpolarization depending on the subtype. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11444 | What is the common measure of how hot or cold something is? | [
"variation",
"precipitation",
"temperature",
"weight"
] | temperature: A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in matter. In everyday usage, temperature is how hot or cold an object is. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_421 | Organisms that obtain food from outside themselves (i.e. they don't make their own food) are known as what? | [
"fungi",
"heterotrophs",
"autotrophs",
"zygotes"
] | Fungi are heterotrophs, meaning they obtain food from outside themselves. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5143 | What is the name of the mineral that contains calcium, carbon and oxygen? | [
"calcite",
"granite",
"cobalt",
"quartz"
] | Law stating that pressure in a moving fluid is less when the fluid is moving faster. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7252 | What is the term for the energy of motion, which is exhibited by the speed of an object? | [
"mechanical energy",
"inertia",
"residual energy",
"kinetic energy"
] | The energy of motion is kinetic energy, KE. Whenever an object is in motion it has kinetic energy. The faster it is going, the more energy it has. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4123 | What is the process by which a liquid changes to a solid? | [
"melting",
"boiling",
"vaporizing",
"freezing"
] | The process in which a liquid changes to a solid is called freezing . The temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid is its freezing point. The freezing point of water is 0°C (32°F). Other types of matter may have higher or lower freezing points. For example, the freezing point of iron is 1535°C. The freezing poi... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4124 | How are electrons shared in covalent bonds? | [
"orderly",
"unequally",
"equally",
"randomly"
] | In other covalent bonds, electrons are shared equally. These bonds are called nonpolar covalent bonds. Neither atom attracts the shared electrons more strongly. As a result, the atoms remain neutral in charge. The oxygen (O 2 ) molecule in the Figure below has two nonpolar bonds. The two oxygen nuclei have an equal for... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3667 | Are thunderstorms more likely where the ground temperatures are extremely high or extremely low? | [
"extremely high",
"somewhat high",
"extremely low",
"somewhat low"
] | Thunderstorms grow where ground temperatures are extremely high. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10238 | What is the spreading of white light into its full spectrum of wavelengths called? | [
"condensation",
"dispersion",
"saturation",
"radiate"
] | 25.5 Dispersion: The Rainbow and Prisms • The spreading of white light into its full spectrum of wavelengths is called dispersion. • Rainbows are produced by a combination of refraction and reflection and involve the dispersion of sunlight into a continuous distribution of colors. • Dispersion produces beautiful rainbo... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10887 | What is the term for the application of science to solve problems? | [
"mathematics",
"research",
"technology",
"ingenuity"
] | Printers like the one that made the plastic bicycle are a new type of technology. Technology is the application of science to solve problems. Because technology finds solutions to practical problems, new technologies may have major impacts on society, science, and industry. For example, some people predict that 3-D pri... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_476 | Sexually reproducing organisms alternate between which stages? | [
"haploid and diploid",
"diploid and traploid",
"binary and diploid",
"binary and haploid"
] | CHAPTER SUMMARY 7.1 Sexual Reproduction Nearly all eukaryotes undergo sexual reproduction. The variation introduced into the reproductive cells by meiosis appears to be one of the advantages of sexual reproduction that has made it so successful. Meiosis and fertilization alternate in sexual life cycles. The process of ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4110 | What develops in depressions where water flow is low or nonexistent? | [
"bogs",
"swamps",
"ponds",
"sinkholes"
] | Freshwater marshes and swamps are characterized by slow and steady water flow. Bogs develop in depressions where water flow is low or nonexistent. Bogs usually occur in areas where there is a clay bottom with poor percolation. Percolation is the movement of water through the pores in the soil or rocks. The water found ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1260 | What two ways do channels respond during membrane depolarization? | [
"typically and sequentially",
"independently and typically",
"sequentially and identically",
"independently and sequentially"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_1926 | Where does the most important monsoon in the world occur? | [
"northern africa",
"the atlantic ocean",
"eastern aisa",
"southern asia"
] | Monsoons are like land and sea breezes, but on a larger scale. They occur because of seasonal changes in the temperature of land and water. In the winter, they blow from land to water. In the summer, they blow from water to land. In regions that experience monsoons, the seawater offshore is extremely warm. The hot air ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10201 | Electromagnets can be controlled by controlling what type of current? | [
"electric",
"negative",
"magnetic",
"positive"
] | Besides their strength, another pro of electromagnets is the ability to control them by controlling the electric current. Turning the current on or off turns the magnetic field on or off. The amount of current flowing through the coil can also be changed to control the strength of the electromagnet. | A | null |
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