dataset string | id string | question string | choices list | rationale string | answer string | subject string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sciq | sciq_7381 | What are the specfic types of proteins that determine your blood type called? | [
"antibodies",
"Plasma",
"antigens",
"Globulins"
] | Red blood cells carry proteins called antigens on their surface. People may vary in the exact antigens their red blood cells carry. The specific proteins are controlled by the genes they inherit from their parents. The particular antigens you inherit determine your blood type. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_895 | What results when gas particles rebound off the walls of their container? | [
"pull",
"light",
"pressure",
"weight"
] | Pressure is what results when gas particles rebound off the walls of their container. The basic unit of pressure is the newton per square meter (N/m2). This combined unit is redefined as a pascal (Pa). One pascal is not a very large amount of pressure. A more useful unit of pressure is the bar, which is 100,000 Pa (1 b... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3991 | What term is used for the difference in the placement of an object from one time to another? | [
"replacement",
"diffusion",
"displacement",
"variation"
] | Position is the location of the object (whether it's a person, a ball or a particle) at a given moment in time. Displacement is the difference in the object's position from one time to another. Distance is the total amount the object has traveled in a certain period of time. Displacement is a vector quantity (direction... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1132 | What is the only known planet with large amounts of water? | [
"saturn",
"jupiter",
"earth",
"mars"
] | Earth is the third planet from the Sun. It is the only planet with large amounts of liquid water, and the only planet known to support life. Earth is the only inner planet that has a large round moon. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7229 | What umbrella term describes small structures that exist within cells and perform specialized functions? | [
"macromolecules",
"atoms",
"organisms",
"organelles"
] | To see an animation of this DNA molecule, click here (http://openstaxcollege. org/l/rotating_DNA2) . Some cells contain aggregates of macromolecules surrounded by membranes; these are called organelles. Organelles are small structures that exist within cells and perform specialized functions. All living things are made... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3412 | What happens to the rate of chemical reactions in higher temperatures? | [
"they decrease",
"they stop",
"they become erratic",
"they increase"
] | The temperature of a region is the other important part of climate. The rate of chemical reactions increases with higher temperatures. The rate doubles for every 10°C increase in temperature. Plants and bacteria grow and multiply faster in warmer areas. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6843 | What were the first particles with mass to be directly confirmed to have the wavelength proposed by de broglie? | [
"electrons",
"ions",
"protons",
"negatrons"
] | Electrons were the first particles with mass to be directly confirmed to have the wavelength proposed by de Broglie. Subsequently, protons, helium nuclei, neutrons, and many others have been observed to exhibit interference when they interact with objects having sizes similar to their de Broglie wavelength. The de Brog... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8844 | What is determined by the amount of energy in molecules? | [
"state of matter",
"radioactivity",
"kingdom",
"momentum"
] | The amount of energy in molecules of matter determines the state of matter . Matter can exist in one of several different states, including a gas, liquid, or solid state. These different states of matter have different properties, which are illustrated in Figure below . Gasses have the most energy, and solids have the ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2780 | What are the active transport mechanisms by which molecules enter and leave the cell inside vesicles? | [
"endocytosis and oxidation",
"oxidation and exocytosis",
"dielectric and exocytosis",
"endocytosis and exocytosis"
] | Endocytosis and exocytosis are active transport mechanisms in which large molecules enter and leave the cell inside vesicles. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2594 | The important equation pv = nrt holds true for substances in what state of matter? | [
"liquids",
"solids",
"gas",
"products"
] | PV = nRT This equation is known as the ideal gas law. An ideal gas is defined as a hypothetical gaseous substance whose behavior is independent of attractive and repulsive forces and can be completely described by the ideal gas law. In reality, there is no such thing as an ideal gas, but an ideal gas is a useful concep... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1174 | What are the three classifications of elements? | [
"metals, metaloids, and alkaloids",
"metals, non-metals and alkaloids",
"metals, non-metals and metaloids",
"alkaloids, metaloids, and non-metals"
] | The majority of known elements are classified as metals. Metals are elements that are lustrous, or shiny. They are also good conductors of electricity and heat. Examples of metals include iron, gold, and copper. Fewer than 20 elements are classified as nonmetals. Nonmetals lack the properties of metals. Examples of non... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8240 | What is used to convert concentrations to collisions per second? | [
"frequency factor",
"collision meter",
"particles factor",
"speeds factor"
] | The frequency factor is used to convert concentrations to collisions per second. Equation 14.39 is known as the Arrhenius equation and summarizes the collision model of chemical kinetics, where T is the absolute temperature (in K) and R is the ideal gas constant [8.314 J/(K·mol)]. Ea indicates the sensitivity of the re... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5579 | What is the process in which one cell divides to form two new cells called? | [
"cell division",
"Cell Formation",
"cell direction",
"cell contribution"
] | Cell division is part of the life cycle of virtually all cells. Cell division is the process in which one cell divides to form two new cells. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9904 | When the helium is gone, the stars become what? | [
"red giants",
"white dwarfs",
"yellow dwarfs",
"comets"
] | When the helium is gone, the stars become white dwarfs. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_582 | How does alcohol expand over a wide range of temperatures? | [
"uniformly",
"variably",
"erratically",
"exponentially"
] | The red liquid in this thermometer is alcohol. Alcohol expands uniformly over a wide range of temperatures. This makes it ideal for use in thermometers. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4305 | Like other bryophytes, moss plants spend most of their life cycle as what? | [
"copepods",
"zygotes",
"gametophytes",
"protozoa"
] | Eleutherozoa are the echinoderms that can move. This group includes the starfish and most other echinoderms. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1092 | How is carbon dioxide and water vapor that is produced by cellular respiration released? | [
"peroxidation",
"exhalation",
"evaporation",
"fermentation"
] | A: Breathing consists of inhaling and exhaling, and its purpose is to move gases into and out of the body. Oxygen needed for cellular respiration is brought into the body with each inhalation. Carbon dioxide and water vapor produced by cellular respiration are released from the body with each exhalation. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6724 | Thousands of receptor cells that detect the sex attractant equip each filament of what structure? | [
"antenna",
"optic nerve",
"molecule",
"flagella"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_2826 | What is the name of the spacecraft that has performed the closest flyby of uranus? | [
"voyager 2",
"Zodiac 4",
"Mercury 7",
"centaur 2"
] | Uranus is so far away that there has been relatively little exploration of the planet. The closest approach was a flyby by Voyager 2 in 1986. Great images have also been taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9306 | Metabolic enzymes catalyze catabolic reactions that break down what? | [
"carbohydrates",
"lipids",
"proteins",
"impurities"
] | 24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism Metabolic enzymes catalyze catabolic reactions that break down carbohydrates contained in food. The energy released is used to power the cells and systems that make up your body. Excess or unutilized energy is stored as fat or glycogen for later use. Carbohydrate metabolism begins in the mo... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3268 | What is energy that travels in the form of an electromagnetic wave? | [
"microwave",
"sound",
"light",
"gravity"
] | Light is one type of electromagnetic radiation . Light is energy that travels in the form of an electromagnetic wave. Pictured below is a diagram of an electromagnetic wave ( Figure below ). An electromagnetic (EM) wave has two parts: an electric field and a magnetic field. The electric and magnetic fields vibrate up a... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7437 | Water's very polar compound causes most solutes to do what? | [
"dissolve",
"gel",
"repel",
"combine"
] | Many solutes dissolve in water because water is a very polar compound. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9538 | What is a simple sugar such as fructose or glucose? | [
"galactose",
"monosaccharide",
"polysaccharides",
"disaccharide"
] | A monosaccharide is a simple sugar such as fructose or glucose. Fructose is found in fruits, whereas glucose generally results from the digestion of other carbohydrates. Glucose is used for energy by the cells of most organisms. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9410 | What are daily changes in the level of ocean water called? | [
"floods",
"waves",
"tides",
"currents"
] | Tides are daily changes in the level of ocean water. They are caused mainly by the pull of the Moon’s gravity on Earth and its oceans. The Sun’s gravity also influences tides. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10525 | What organ do most fish have that is used to detect movement and vibration in the surrounding water? | [
"nares",
"eye",
"operculum",
"lateral line"
] | Sharks have well-developed sense organs that aid them in locating prey, including a keen sense of smell and electroreception, with the latter perhaps the most sensitive of any animal. Organs called ampullae of Lorenzini allow sharks to detect the electromagnetic fields that are produced by all living things, including ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1465 | What is the unit of evolution? | [
"the cell",
"the population",
"dna",
"a phylum"
] | The population is the unit of evolution. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_855 | Hair sticks out from the epidermis, but it grows from the? | [
"dermis",
"bone",
"humus",
"fat"
] | Hair is one of the defining characteristics of mammals. In fact, mammals are the only animals to have hair. Hair sticks out from the epidermis, but it grows from the dermis ( Figure below ). Hair grows from inside the hair follicle . New cells grow in the bottom part of the hair, called the bulb. Older cells get pushed... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4453 | The turbine of a windmill spins and creates what? | [
"lightning",
"grains",
"electricity",
"pollution"
] | Wind power uses moving air as a source of energy. Some types of wind power have been around for a long time. People have used windmills to grind grain and pump water for hundreds of years. Sailing ships have depended on wind for millennia. Wind is now used to generate electricity. Moving air can make a turbine spin, ju... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4214 | Is sleep an active or inactive state in the brain? | [
"intense",
"different",
"inactive",
"active"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_7413 | What is the term for reproductive cells, such as sperm and egg? | [
"parasites",
"nucleus",
"spores",
"gametes"
] | Sexual reproduction combines gametes from two parents. Gametes are reproductive cells, such as sperm and egg. As gametes are produced, the number of chromosomes must be reduced by half. Why? The zygote must contain genetic information from the mother and from the father, so the gametes must contain half of the chromoso... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1429 | What is an attitude of doubt about the truthfulness of claims that lack empirical evidence? | [
"skepticism",
"speculation",
"independent variable",
"conspiracy"
] | Skepticism is an attitude of doubt about the truthfulness of claims that lack empirical evidence. Scientific skepticism , also referred to as skeptical inquiry, questions claims based on their scientific verifiability rather than simply accepting claims based on faith or anecdotes. Scientific skepticism uses critical t... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3287 | The hexapoda subphylum includes mainly what type of animal? | [
"spiders",
"mammals",
"birds",
"insects"
] | Living arthropods are divided into four subphyla. They are described in Table below . The Hexapoda subphylum includes mainly insects. There are so many insects and they are so important that they are described in greater detail below. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5835 | The sun’s gravity is relatively strong because the force of gravity between two objects is directly proportional to their what? | [
"tissues",
"rocks",
"Liquids",
"masses"
] | As you can see in this NASA photo, Earth is tiny compared with the massive sun. The sun’s gravity is relatively strong because the force of gravity between two objects is directly proportional to their masses. Gravity between the sun and Earth pulls Earth toward the sun, but Earth never falls into the sun. Instead, it ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1418 | Because of its composition, oil does not do what in water? | [
"form",
"explode",
"dissolve",
"separate"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_2163 | Earthworms and segmented worms belong to what phylum? | [
"protazoa",
"annelida",
"nematoda",
"bryozoa"
] | The phylum Annelida is made up of segmented worms such as earthworms . Segmented worms are divided into many repeating segments. There are roughly 15,000 species of annelids. Most belong to one of three classes. A species in each class is pictured in Figure below . See The Cambrian Explosion at http://www. pbs. org/kce... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11574 | What is one major cause of skin cancer? | [
"infrared light",
"ultraviolet light",
"sunscreen",
"visible light"
] | The most important way to keep your skin healthy is to protect it from ultraviolet light. Over-exposure to ultraviolet light can cause skin cancer. Keeping the skin clean can help prevent acne. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4073 | When sand is deposited along a shoreline, what is created? | [
"beach",
"bay",
"dunes",
"island"
] | Sand deposited along a shoreline creates a beach. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5942 | What's the name for the process where pollen is transferred to the ovules of a seed plant? | [
"combination",
"condensation",
"hibernation",
"pollination"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_7559 | The cell body contains what central structure along with other organelles? | [
"protons",
"nucleus",
"neutron",
"electron"
] | The cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7527 | Different types of interference include destructive and what else? | [
"helpful",
"constructive",
"consistent",
"active"
] | 2t = λ n / 2, 3λ n / 2, 5λ n / 2, … . To know whether interference is constructive or destructive, you must also determine if there is a phase change upon reflection. Thin film interference thus depends on film thickness, the wavelength of light, and the refractive indices. For white light incident on a film that varie... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9305 | What is the main component of phytoplankton? | [
"seawater",
"algae",
"cells",
"amoebas"
] | Algae play significant roles as producers in aquatic ecosystems. Microscopic forms live suspended in the water column. They are the main component of phytoplankton. As such, they contribute to the food base of most marine ecosystems. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_412 | What kind of lines does a diffraction grating produce? | [
"evenly spaced lines",
"properly spaced lines",
"nearly spaced lines",
"randomly spaced lines"
] | 27.5 Single Slit Diffraction Light passing through a single slit forms a diffraction pattern somewhat different from those formed by double slits or diffraction gratings. Figure 27.21 shows a single slit diffraction pattern. Note that the central maximum is larger than those on either side, and that the intensity decre... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1947 | What line of latitude is an equal distance from both the north and south poles? | [
"meridian",
"divider",
"equator",
"mid-part"
] | Lines of latitude circle around Earth. The Equator is a line of latitude right in the middle of the planet. Latitude is divided into degrees: 90° north of the Equator and 90° south of the Equator. One degree is subdivided into 60 minutes. One minute is subdivided into 60 seconds. The Equator is at 0°. The Equator is an... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7192 | Comparisons of amino acid sequences can shed light on the evolutionary divergence of what? | [
"dinosaurs",
"birds",
"related species",
"mammals"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_11440 | What organ protects the body from injury, water loss, and microorganisms? | [
"skin",
"hair",
"liver",
"heart"
] | Skin protects the body from injury, water loss, and microorganisms. It also plays a major role in maintaining a stable body temperature. Common skin problems include acne and skin cancer. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8372 | What class of animals, translated as “head foot”, includes octopuses, squids, cuttlefish, and nautilus? | [
"cephalopods",
"mollusks",
"crustaceans",
"bivalves"
] | The visceral mass in the shelled species is characteristically twisted and the foot is modified for crawling. Most gastropods bear a head with tentacles that support eyes. A complex radula is used to scrape food particles from the substrate. The mantle cavity encloses the ctenidia as well as a pair of nephridia. The cl... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9983 | Newton’s third law of motion describes what property of forces that means balance? | [
"symmetry",
"acceleration",
"gravity",
"magnetism"
] | 4.4 Newton’s Third Law of Motion: Symmetry in Forces There is a passage in the musical Man of la Mancha that relates to Newton’s third law of motion. Sancho, in describing a fight with his wife to Don Quixote, says, “Of course I hit her back, Your Grace, but she’s a lot harder than me and you know what they say, ‘Wheth... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_985 | What do all cells have in common? | [
"same shape",
"same function",
"small size",
"life span"
] | Cells with different functions often vary in shape. They may also vary in size. However, all cells are very small. Even the largest organisms have microscopic cells. Cells are so small that their diameter is measured in micrometers. A micrometer is just one-millionth of a meter. Use the sliding scale at the following l... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1186 | What nerves attached to the brain are mainly responsible for motor and sensory functions? | [
"somatic nerves",
"autonomic nerves",
"stimulation nerves",
"cranial nerves"
] | Cranial Nerves The nerves attached to the brain are the cranial nerves, which are primarily responsible for the sensory and motor functions of the head and neck (one of these nerves targets organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities as part of the parasympathetic nervous system). There are twelve cranial nerves, whi... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4273 | Around 1200 species of what broad animal group are currently at risk of extinction due to human activity? | [
"birds",
"amphibians",
"reptiles",
"mammals"
] | Today, some 1,200 species of birds are threatened with extinction by human actions. Humans need to take steps to protect this precious and important natural resource. What can you do to help?. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7610 | Arachidic, stearic, and palmitic fatty acids are examples of what type of fatty acid? | [
"integral",
"neutral",
"compacted",
"saturated"
] | Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids. Saturated fatty acids include arachidic, stearic, and palmitic fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids include all the other fatty acids in the figure. Notice how all the unsaturated fatty acids have bent chains, whereas the saturated fatty acids have straight chains. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10753 | What is the term for any behavior that occurs only after experience or practice? | [
"learned behavior",
"studied behavior",
"practiced behavior",
"saved behavior"
] | Learned behavior is any behavior that occurs only after experience or practice. The more intelligent a species is, the more it depends on learned behaviors, which have the advantage of being flexible. Ways in which animals learn behaviors include habituation, observational learning, conditioning, learning through play,... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5608 | What human traits are controlled by more than one gene? | [
"autolysis traits",
"maladaptive traits",
"mutant traits",
"polygenic traits"
] | Many human traits are controlled by more than one gene. These traits are called polygenic traits (or characteristics). The alleles of each gene have a minor additive effect on the phenotype. There are many possible combinations of alleles, especially if each gene has multiple alleles. Therefore, a whole continuum of ph... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9643 | Which pollution can cause lung cancer and can also make asthma and other diseases worse? | [
"air pollination",
"climate pollution",
"air pollution",
"water pollution"
] | Besides pathogens, many other dangers in the environment may negatively affect human health. For example, air pollution can cause lung cancer. It can also make asthma and other diseases worse. Bioterrorism is another potential threat in the environment. It may poison large numbers of people or cause epidemics of deadly... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6039 | Transgenic animals are animals that have incorporated a gene from another species into their what? | [
"food",
"enemies",
"habitats",
"genome"
] | DNA technology has proved very beneficial to humans. Transgenic animals are animals that have incorporated a gene from another species into their genome. They are used as experimental models to perform phenotypic tests with genes whose function is unknown, or to generate animals that are susceptible to certain compound... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9412 | What is the term for how close a measurement is to the true value? | [
"validity",
"frequency",
"accuracy",
"correctness"
] | Accuracy is how close a measurement is to the true value. For example, 66 mL is a fairly accurate measurement of the liquid in Figure above . | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6764 | What are clouds on earth made of? | [
"carbon dioxide gas",
"water vapor",
"ozone",
"rain"
] | Clouds on Earth are made of water vapor. Venus's clouds are a lot less pleasant. They are made of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and large amounts of corrosive sulfuric acid! Scientists think the color of sunlight on Venus is reddish-brown. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8864 | What do you call compounds that have covalent bonds? | [
"reflectivity compounds",
"covalent compounds",
"ions",
"valence compound"
] | Covalent bonds are bonds in which atoms share rather than transfer electrons. Compounds with covalent bonds are called covalent compounds. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5016 | Stress building up at the same rate over time at a fault causes what phenomenon? | [
"erosion",
"earthquakes",
"volcanoes",
"storms"
] | When an earthquake will occur is much more difficult to predict. Stress on a fault builds up at the same rate over time. So earthquakes should occur at regular intervals. But, so far, scientists cannot predict when quakes will occur even to within a few years. Around Parkfield, California, an earthquake of magnitude 6.... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5597 | Which types of muscles cause bones to move when they retract? | [
"skeletal muscles",
"bone muscles",
"active muscles",
"working muscles"
] | Skeletal muscles are attached to the skeleton and cause bones to move when they contract. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4989 | What do you call a condensation reaction in which an ester is formed from an alcohol and a carboxylic acid? | [
"esterification",
"decarboxylation",
"transesterification",
"esterisation"
] | An esterification is a condensation reaction in which an ester is formed from an alcohol and a carboxylic acid. Esterification is a subcategory of condensation reactions because a water molecule is produced in the reaction. The reaction is catalyzed by a strong acid, usually sulfuric acid. When the carboxylic acid buta... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4511 | Chloroplasts are the little green particles in plants made up of what colorful pigment? | [
"melanin",
"verdigris",
"chlorophyll",
"carbonate"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_5959 | What scale measures acidity? | [
"salinity scale",
"ph scale",
"richter scale",
"frequency scale"
] | Note that Earth's axis of rotation is tilted. The axis is not perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic. This plane is the one that solar system bodies are mostly lined up in. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7622 | For the nervous system to function, neurons must be able to send and receive what? | [
"information",
"signals",
"proteins",
"pulses"
] | Nerve Impulse Transmission within a Neuron For the nervous system to function, neurons must be able to send and receive signals. These signals are possible because each neuron has a charged cellular membrane (a voltage difference between the inside and the outside), and the charge of this membrane can change in respons... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2358 | What type of plant is the dominant group of land plants? | [
"vascular plants",
"oxygen plants",
"thermal plants",
"grass plants"
] | Vascular Plants The vascular plants are the dominant and most conspicuous group of land plants. There are about 275,000 species of vascular plants, which represent more than 90 percent of Earth’s vegetation. Several evolutionary innovations explain their success and their spread to so many habitats. Vascular Tissue: Xy... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7968 | The hydroxyl radical is highly reactive because it has what? | [
"paired electron",
"unpaired neutron",
"paired proton",
"unpaired electron"
] | Because the hydroxyl radical has an unpaired electron, it is highly reactive. (This is true of any substance with unpaired electrons, known as a free radical. ) This hydroxyl radical can react with all kinds of biological molecules (DNA, proteins, enzymes, and so on), causing damage to the molecules and disrupting phys... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4289 | What gases move in and out of blood during gas exchange? | [
"oxygen, nitrogen",
"oxygen, carbon dioxide",
"nitrogen, carbon dioxide",
"oxygen, carbon monoxide"
] | User:helix84/Wikimedia Commons. Gas exchange is the movement of oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood . CC BY 2.5. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_533 | The theory that establishes the concepts of atoms and how they compose matter is called what? | [
"modern particle theory",
"contemporary atomic theory",
"modern atomic theory",
"unified matter theory"
] | The modern atomic theory establishes the concepts of atoms and how they compose matter. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6618 | Which factor has a big impact on coastal climates? | [
"tide",
"large ocean currents",
"tsunami",
"ocean waves"
] | Large ocean currents can have a big impact on the climate of nearby coasts. The Gulf Stream, for example, carries warm water from near the equator up the eastern coast of North America. Look at the map in Figure below . It shows how the Gulf Stream warms both the water and land along the coast. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8236 | What is the name for the male gamete? | [
"ova",
"chromatid",
"egg",
"sperm"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_7788 | What is a rigid layer that surrounds the plasma membrane of a plant cell? | [
"the nucleic wall",
"the cell center",
"the cell wall",
"mitochondria"
] | The cell wall is a rigid layer that surrounds the plasma membrane of a plant cell. It supports and protects the cell. Tiny holes, or pores, in the cell wall allow water, nutrients, and other substances to move into and out of the cell. The cell wall is made up mainly of complex carbohydrates, including cellulose. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8684 | Elements below the second period, such as silicon, do not form what as readily as second-period elements, and when they do form, they are weaker than those formed by second-period elements? | [
"covalent bonds",
"n bonds",
"magnetic bonds",
"k. bonds"
] | Silicon dioxide, silica, occurs in both crystalline and amorphous forms. The usual crystalline form of silicon dioxide is quartz, a hard, brittle, clear, colorless solid. It is useful in many ways—for architectural decorations, semiprecious jewels, and frequency control in radio transmitters. Silica takes many crystall... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_930 | Leaves respond to these environmental stimuli by producing less what? | [
"chlorophyll",
"oxygen",
"energy",
"carbonate"
] | Vertebrates have a closed circulatory system with a heart. Blood is completely contained within blood vessels that carry the blood throughout the body. The heart is divided into chambers that work together to pump blood. There are between two and four chambers in the vertebrate heart. With more chambers, there is more ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3747 | The muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg are generally responsible for dorsiflexion, and the muscles of the posterior compartment of the lower leg are generally responsible for this? | [
"posterior flexion",
"walking flexion",
"ganglion flexion",
"plantar flexion"
] | Figure 11.32 Muscles of the Lower Leg The muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg are generally responsible for dorsiflexion, and the muscles of the posterior compartment of the lower leg are generally responsible for plantar flexion. The lateral and medial muscles in both compartments invert, evert, and r... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8280 | Where does the nucleus store chromatin ? | [
"ribosome",
"xerophyte",
"nucleoplasm",
"chloroplasts"
] | Figure 4.11 The nucleus stores chromatin (DNA plus proteins) in a gel-like substance called the nucleoplasm. The nucleolus is a condensed region of chromatin where ribosome synthesis occurs. The boundary of the nucleus is called the nuclear envelope. It consists of two phospholipid bilayers: an outer membrane and an in... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_11182 | What is the middle layer that hair pass through before exiting at the surface of the skin? | [
"epithelial tissue",
"epidermis",
"dermis",
"cuticle"
] | Hair follicles are the structures where hairs originate. Hairs grow out of follicles, pass through the epidermis, and exit at the surface of the skin. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10859 | What part of a chromosome exists in different states of condensation at different times? | [
"centromeres",
"the chromatin",
"pellicle",
"chromonema"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_9680 | From where have the earliest ocean plants thought to have evolved? | [
"green pepinia ancestor",
"simple coral ancestor",
"green alga ancestor",
"simple alga ancestor"
] | The earliest plants are thought to have evolved in the ocean from a green alga ancestor. Plants were among the earliest organisms to leave the water and colonize land. The evolution of vascular tissues allowed plants to grow larger and thrive on land. The evolution of seeds and pollen allowed them to reproduce on land ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4554 | What is a pair of valence electrons in a bonded atom that does not participate in bonding called? | [
"isolated pair",
"hostile pair",
"lone pair",
"opposite pair"
] | A pair of valence electrons in a bonded atom that does not participate in bonding is called a lone pair. Lone pair electrons contribute to molecular shape. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10438 | Some marine algae have evolved special structures capable of what plant process? | [
"pollination",
"photosynthesis",
"respiration",
"seed germination"
] | in color. Golden algae are found in both freshwater and marine environments, where they form a major part of the plankton community. The brown algae are primarily marine, multicellular organisms that are known colloquially as seaweeds. Giant kelps are a type of brown algae. Some brown algae have evolved specialized tis... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8639 | What type of protein fibers in the cytoskeleton are the narrowest? | [
"mitosis",
"capillaries",
"macrophages",
"microfilaments"
] | Microfilaments Of the three types of protein fibers in the cytoskeleton, microfilaments are the narrowest. They function in cellular movement, have a diameter of about 7 nm, and are made of two intertwined strands of a globular protein called actin (Figure 4.23). For this reason, microfilaments are also known as actin ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8961 | What kind of energy positions do electrons occupy during ground state? | [
"highest energy positions",
"closest energy positions",
"relative energy positions",
"lowest energy positions"
] | Oxygen has 6 valence electrons in its ground state. Remember that ground state refers to the neutral atom in which the electrons occupy the lowest possible energy positions. Oxygen is two electrons away from being isoelectronic with the nearest noble gas. Oxygen will therefore form ions by gaining two electrons to beco... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8807 | A change in the sequence of bases in dna or rna is called a what? | [
"accumulation",
"infection",
"mutation",
"isolation"
] | A change in the sequence of bases in DNA or RNA is called a mutation . Does the word mutation make you think of science fiction and bug-eyed monsters? Think again. Everyone has mutations. In fact, most people have dozens or even hundreds of mutations in their DNA. Mutations are essential for evolution to occur. They ar... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7982 | The heart contracts rhythmically to pump what to the lungs and the rest of the body? | [
"Cerumen",
"blood",
"Chyle",
"Bile"
] | The heart contracts rhythmically to pump blood to the lungs and the rest of the body. Specialized cardiac muscle cells trigger the contractions. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11543 | Bone tissues include compact bone, spongy bone, bone marrow, and? | [
"periosteum",
"esophagus",
"cartilage",
"epithelium"
] | Bone tissues include compact bone, spongy bone, bone marrow, and periosteum. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4141 | Fractures, osteoarthritis, and rickets are problems of which body system? | [
"digestive system",
"skeletal system",
"cardiovascular system",
"circulatory system"
] | Skeletal system problems include fractures, osteoarthritis, and rickets. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1919 | What type of animals are known for being playful and frisky? | [
"cows",
"sea otters",
"snakes",
"giant tortoises"
] | Sea otters are known for being playful and frisky. They are serious eaters, however! A major part of a sea otter's diet are echinoderms, such as sea urchins. They manage to eat the soft part of the sea urchins while avoiding the huge sea urchin spines. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1945 | What did sir isaac newton's famous law help people understand? | [
"light",
"radio waves",
"gravity",
"motion"
] | People have known about gravity for thousands of years. After all, they constantly experienced gravity in their daily lives. They knew that things always fall toward the ground. However, it wasn’t until Sir Isaac Newton developed his law of gravity in the late 1600s that people really began to understand gravity. Newto... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5560 | Some prokaryotes form spores for survival called what? | [
"buds",
"endospores",
"gymnosperms",
"rhizomes"
] | Many organisms form spores for reproduction. Some prokaryotes form spores for survival. Called endospores , they form inside prokaryotic cells when they are under stress. The stress could be UV radiation, high temperatures, or harsh chemicals. Endospores enclose the DNA and help it survive under conditions that may kil... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8162 | The skin is a familiar organ made of what kind of tissue? | [
"aberrant tissue",
"innate tissue",
"recurrent tissue",
"epithelial tissue"
] | The skin is a familiar organ made of epithelial tissue. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7590 | Chlorine is a nonmetal and gains one electron in becoming a what? | [
"carbonate",
"atom",
"anion",
"sulfate"
] | We will use sodium chloride as an example to demonstrate the nature of the ionic bond and how it forms. As you know, sodium is a metal and loses its one valence electron to become a cation. Chlorine is a nonmetal and gains one electron in becoming an anion. Both achieve a noble-gas electron configuration. However, elec... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4127 | What is the most common type of cancer in adult males? | [
"lung",
"stomach",
"leukemia",
"prostate"
] | The most common type of cancer in adult males is cancer of the prostate gland. The prostate gland is part of the male reproductive system. About one third of all cancers in men are prostate cancers. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7520 | What type of energy can be used to change the position or shape of an object, thus giving it potential energy? | [
"kinetic energy",
"harmonic energy",
"binary energy",
"static energy"
] | Mechanical energy commonly changes between kinetic and potential energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of moving objects. Potential energy is energy that is stored in objects, typically because of their position or shape. Kinetic energy can be used to change the position or shape of an object, giving it potential energy... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1946 | Compounds containing an atom of what element, bonded in a hydrocarbon framework, are classified as amines? | [
"oxygen",
"nitrogen",
"ammonia",
"hydrogen"
] | 20.2 Alcohols and Ethers Many organic compounds that are not hydrocarbons can be thought of as derivatives of hydrocarbons. A hydrocarbon derivative can be formed by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon by a functional group, which contains at least one atom of an element other than carbon or hydrogen.... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4631 | What results when a force does work? | [
"side effect",
"pressure",
"momentum",
"movement"
] | work: A force is said to do work when it acts on a body so that there is a displacement of the point of application, however small, in the direction of the force. Thus a force does work when it results in movement. The work done by a constant force of magnitude on a point that moves a distance in the direction of the f... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4565 | What structure passes oxygen and nutrients to a growing fetus in mammals? | [
"uterus",
"vas deferens",
"placenta",
"spinal cord"
] | The majority of mammals are placental mammals. These are mammals in which the developing baby is fed through the mother's placenta. Female placental mammals develop a placenta after fertilization. A placenta is a spongy structure that passes oxygen, nutrients, and other useful substances from the mother to the fetus. I... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7010 | What is an interesting example of a molecule with two central atoms, which are both c atoms? | [
"acetylene",
"chloride",
"sulfur",
"water"
] | Acetylene is an interesting example of a molecule with two central atoms, which are both C atoms. Polyatomic ions are bonded together with covalent bonds. Because they are ions, however, they participate in ionic bonding with other ions. So both major types of bonding can occur at the same time. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_11143 | Chemical and solar cells are devices that change chemical or light energy to what? | [
"cellular",
"temperature energy",
"electrical energy",
"occurring energy"
] | Chemical and solar cells are devices that change chemical or light energy to electrical energy. You can read about both types of cells and how they work below. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10515 | One gram of proteins provides how many calories of energy? | [
"zero",
"four",
"eight",
"two"
] | Dietary proteins are broken down during digestion to provide the amino acids needed for protein synthesis. Any extra proteins in the diet not needed for this purpose are used for energy or stored as fat. One gram of proteins provides 4 Calories of energy. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6709 | What is a sac filled with fluid or other material? | [
"Golgi apparatus",
"a cyst",
"a lesion",
"a receptacle"
] | Cysts may develop in the ovaries. A cyst is a sac filled with fluid or other material. Ovarian cysts are usually harmless and often disappear on their own. However, some cysts may be painful and require surgery. | B | null |
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