dataset string | id string | question string | choices list | rationale string | answer string | subject string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sciq | sciq_4929 | While enzymatic hydrolysis proceeds, peristalsis moves the mixture of chyme and digestive juices along what? | [
"small intestine",
"large intestine",
"esophagus",
"stomach"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_9202 | In mammals, sound waves are collected by the external, cartilaginous part of the ear called the pinna, then travel through the auditory canal and cause vibration of the thin diaphragm called the tympanum or this? | [
"microphone drum",
"speaker drum",
"ear drum",
"head drum"
] | Reception of Sound In mammals, sound waves are collected by the external, cartilaginous part of the ear called the pinna, then travel through the auditory canal and cause vibration of the thin diaphragm called the tympanum or ear drum, the innermost part of the outer ear (illustrated in Figure 36.13). Interior to the t... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5394 | Different types of home heating systems all function by producing what type of energy? | [
"distinct",
"natural",
"thermal",
"electron"
] | Types of home heating systems include hot-water, warm-air, and solar heating systems. All of them have the same basic function: producing thermal energy and transferring it to air throughout the house. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_217 | What are groups of young stars loosely held together by gravity called? | [
"open clusters",
"galaxies",
"closed clusters",
"constellations"
] | Open clusters are groups of young stars loosely held together by gravity. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10697 | Ice floats because it is less what than liquid water? | [
"warm",
"gaseous",
"dense",
"heavy"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_1741 | Plants supply, ultimately, most of the food eaten by terrestrial animals, along with what gas? | [
"hydrogen",
"nitrogen",
"oxygen",
"carbon dioxide"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_5769 | Surprisingly, where would you find the earth’s tallest mountains and deepest canyons? | [
"Tibet",
"ocean floor",
"rain forests",
"taiga"
] | Scientists have learned a lot about the ocean floor. For example, they know that Earth’s tallest mountains and deepest canyons are on the ocean floor. The major features on the ocean floor are described below. They are also shown in Figure below . | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5448 | What is the process in which many new species evolve in a short period of time to fill available niches called? | [
"spontaneous mutation",
"adaptive radiation",
"learned behavior",
"adaptation"
] | After a mass extinction, many habitats are no longer inhabited by organisms because they have gone extinct. With new habitats available, some species will adapt to the new environments. Evolutionary processes act rapidly during these times. Many new species evolve to fill those available habitats. The process in which ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4786 | Mixtures of materials called alloys contain at least one of what type of material? | [
"steel",
"liquid",
"metal",
"coal"
] | Alloys are mixtures of materials, at least one of which is a metal. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6824 | Which type of energy is the energy of anything in motion? | [
"physiological engergy",
"residual engergy",
"kinetic engergy",
"diffuse energy"
] | Kinetic energy is the energy of anything in motion. Your muscles move your leg, your foot kicks the ball, and the ball gains kinetic energy ( Figure below ). The kinetic energy was converted from potential energy that was in your leg before the kick. The action of kicking the ball is energy changing forms. The same is ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3624 | What term is used to describe the energy reserve carbohydrate of animals? | [
"glycogen",
"lactose",
"sucrose",
"fructose"
] | Glycogen Glycogen is the energy reserve carbohydrate of animals. Practically all mammalian cells contain some stored carbohydrates in the form of glycogen, but it is especially abundant in the liver (4%–8% by weight of tissue) and in skeletal muscle cells (0.5%–1.0%). Like starch in plants, glycogen is found as granule... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8776 | The total energy assimilated by an ecosystem in a give period is known as what? | [
"size primary production",
"median primary production",
"mean primary production",
"gross primary production"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_956 | What is produced when a colorless solution of lead nitrate is added to a colorless solution of potassium iodide? | [
"blue solid precipitate",
"yellow solid precipitate",
"brown solid precipitate",
"purple solid precipitate"
] | When a colorless solution of lead(II) nitrate is added to a colorless solution of potassium iodide, a yellow solid called a precipitate is instantly produced ( Figure below ). A precipitate is a solid product that forms from a reaction and settles out of a liquid mixture. The formation of a precipitate may also indicat... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10570 | Which rule is a result of trends in energies and is useful in explaining why atoms form the ions that they do? | [
"electrons rule",
"octet rule",
"nutron rule",
"coupling rule"
] | valence shell is called the octet rule. When atoms form compounds, the octet rule is not always satisfied for all atoms at all times, but it is a very good rule of thumb for understanding the kinds of bonding arrangements that atoms can make. It is not impossible to violate the octet rule. Consider sodium: in its eleme... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1539 | How does the number of protons compare to the number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom? | [
"they are half",
"they are equal",
"they are double",
"they are triple"
] | In an electrically neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4856 | What pulls skydivers towards the earth? | [
"gravity",
"inertia",
"momentum",
"impact"
] | Skydivers are pulled towards the Earth by gravity. Gravity exerts a force on the skydivers. A force is a push or pull. Some pushes and pulls can be seen. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10900 | Which theorem states that, if a population meets certain conditions, it will be in equilibrium? | [
"hardy - henkel theorem",
"hardy - zeiss theorem",
"hardy-weinberg theorem",
"hardy- jacksons theorem"
] | The Hardy-Weinberg theorem states that, if a population meets certain conditions, it will be in equilibrium. In an equilibrium population, allele and genotype frequencies do not change over time. The conditions that must be met are no mutation, no migration, very large population size, random mating, and no natural sel... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4200 | The cytoplasm is all the contents of the cell inside the cell membrane, with the exception of what? | [
"lysosome",
"molecules",
"nucleus",
"vacuole"
] | Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have structures in common. All cells have a plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and DNA. The plasma membrane , or cell membrane, is the phospholipid layer that surrounds the cell and protects it from the outside environment. Ribosomes are the non-membrane bound organelles where ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5619 | What kind of reproduction, in general, relies on sets of cells that are precursors for eggs and sperm? | [
"sexual",
"fusion",
"asexual",
"binary fission"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_2652 | When a soluble compound dissolves, its constituent atoms, molecules, or ions disperse throughout what? | [
"gel",
"solvent",
"pigment",
"liquid"
] | When a soluble compound dissolves, its constituent atoms, molecules, or ions disperse throughout the solvent. In contrast, the constituents of an insoluble compound remain associated with one another in the solid. A soluble compound is a strong electrolyte if it dissociates completely into ions, a weak electrolyte if i... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8652 | Regulation of hormone production hormone levels are primarily controlled through negative feedback, in which rising levels of a hormone inhibit its? | [
"particular release",
"recent release",
"Limited release",
"further release"
] | 37.4 Regulation of Hormone Production Hormone levels are primarily controlled through negative feedback, in which rising levels of a hormone inhibit its further release. The three mechanisms of hormonal release are humoral stimuli, hormonal stimuli, and neural stimuli. Humoral stimuli refers to the control of hormonal ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4298 | What is the name of a branch of the chemistry that deals with the interconversion of chemical energy and electrical energy? | [
"Inorganic chemistry",
"Theoretical Chemistry",
"electrochemistry",
"Biochemistry"
] | Chemical reactions either absorb or release energy, which can be in the form of electricity. Electrochemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the interconversion of chemical energy and electrical energy. Electrochemistry has many common applications in everyday life. All sorts of batteries, from those used to ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1104 | A black solid by itself, this element is incredibly important because of what it makes when it combines with many other elements, including oxygen? | [
"lead",
"hydrogen",
"carbon",
"dioxide"
] | Carbon is an element. By itself, it’s a black solid. You can see a lump of carbon in Figure below . Carbon is incredibly important because of what it makes when it combines with many other elements. Carbon can form a wide variety of substances. For example, in the air, carbon combines with oxygen to form the gas carbon... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8203 | Haumea, which is the third brightest kuiper belt object has an odd oval shape which is probably caused by what? | [
"extremely rapid rotation",
"Slow rotation",
"unusually rapid rotation",
"particularly rapid rotation"
] | Haumea is the third-brightest Kuiper belt object. Haumea has two moons. Haumea's odd oval shape is probably caused by its extremely rapid rotation. It rotates in just less than 4 hours! Like other Kuiper belt objects, Haumea is covered by ice. Its density is similar to Earth’s Moon, at 2.6 – 3.3 g/cm 3 . This means tha... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2640 | In what organ is food remains turned into solid waste for excretion? | [
"large metabolism",
"non-transverse intenstine",
"large tissue",
"large intestine"
] | Recall that carbon dioxide travels through the blood and is transferred to the lungs where it is exhaled. In the large intestine, the remains of food are turned into solid waste for excretion. How is waste other than carbon dioxide removed from the blood? That is the role of the kidneys. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6345 | What term is used to refer to the external female reproductive structures collectively? | [
"uterus",
"vagina",
"cervix",
"vulva"
] | External Female Genitals The external female reproductive structures are referred to collectively as the vulva (Figure 27.10). The mons pubis is a pad of fat that is located at the anterior, over the pubic bone. After puberty, it becomes covered in pubic hair. The labia majora (labia = “lips”; majora = “larger”) are fo... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11361 | When zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid, the reaction bubbles vigorously as which type of gas is produced? | [
"hydrogren",
"nitrogen",
"oxygen",
"chlorine"
] | When zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid, the reaction bubbles vigorously as hydrogen gas is produced ( Figure below ). The production of a gas is also an indication that a chemical reaction may be occurring. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_6064 | The coordination sphere consists of the central metal ion or atom plus its attached what? | [
"molecules",
"subunits",
"strands",
"ligands"
] | The coordination sphere consists of the central metal ion or atom plus its attached ligands. Brackets in a formula enclose the coordination sphere; species outside the brackets are not part of the coordination sphere. The coordination number of the central metal ion or atom is the number of donor atoms bonded to it. Th... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6650 | Acne is a skin disturbance that typically occurs on areas of the skin that are rich in sebaceous glands (face and back). it is most common along with the onset of puberty due to association with these? | [
"thermal changes",
"mental changes",
"digestive changes",
"hormonal changes"
] | Acne Acne is a skin disturbance that typically occurs on areas of the skin that are rich in sebaceous glands (face and back). It is most common along with the onset of puberty due to associated hormonal changes, but can also occur in infants and continue into adulthood. Hormones, such as androgens, stimulate the releas... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2825 | What are the two groups of therian mammals? | [
"dolphins and whales",
"felines and canines",
"placental mammals and marsupials",
"monotremes and mollusks"
] | Therian mammals are viviparous. They give birth to an embryo or infant rather than laying eggs. The female reproductive system of a therian mammal includes a uterus and a vagina. There are two groups of therian mammals: placental mammals and marsupials. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4587 | The word antibiotic comes from the greek anti, meaning “against,” and bios, meaning this? | [
"germ",
"virus",
"bacteria",
"life"
] | The Antibiotic Crisis The word antibiotic comes from the Greek anti, meaning “against,” and bios, meaning “life. ” An antibiotic is an organismproduced chemical that is hostile to the growth of other organisms. Today’s news and media often address concerns about an antibiotic crisis. Are antibiotics that were used to t... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9592 | What are antacids comprised of? | [
"gases",
"bases",
"solids",
"acids"
] | Bases are less common as foods, but they are nonetheless present in many household products. Many cleaners contain ammonia, a base. Sodium hydroxide is found in drain cleaner. Antacids , which combat excess stomach acid, are comprised of bases such as magnesium hydroxide or sodium hydrogen carbonate. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1135 | In how many states does water exist on earth? | [
"two matter states",
"three matter states",
"one matter states",
"eight matter states"
] | If water is so simple, why is it special? Water is one of the few substances that exists on Earth in all three states of matter. Water occurs as a gas, a liquid and a solid. You drink liquid water and use it to shower. You breathe gaseous water vapor in the air. You may go ice skating on a pond covered with solid water... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2492 | Water seeping into the ground is known as? | [
"invasion",
"infiltration",
"precipitation",
"accumulation"
] | Infiltration is the process by which water soaks into the ground. Some of the water may seep deep underground. Some may stay in the soil, where plants can absorb it with their roots. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2187 | Which organ secretes estrogen? | [
"the ovaries",
"the kidney",
"the testes",
"the thyroid"
] | The ovaries release the eggs and secrete estrogen. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7632 | What are the strongest chemical bonds? | [
"covalent and ionic bonds",
"mutual and stock bonds",
"curvature and ionic bonds",
"weak and ionic bonds"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_1597 | What is the smallest planet in our solar system? | [
"Earth",
"Jupiter",
"Mars",
"mercury"
] | Mercury is the smallest planet and the closest to the Sun. It has an extremely thin atmosphere so surface temperatures range from very hot to very cold. Like the Moon, it is covered with craters. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8136 | Timber, obtained from trees that can be replanted to replace those that are cut down, is an example of what type of resource? | [
"renewable",
"mineral",
"nonrenewable",
"fossil fuel"
] | Renewable resources can be renewed as they are used. An example is timber, which comes from trees. New trees can be planted to replace those that are cut down. Sunlight is a renewable resource. It seems we will never run out of that!. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7044 | In artificial passive immunization, which items from an immune animal are injected into a nonimmune animal? | [
"parasites",
"antibodies",
"allergies",
"platelets"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_5037 | Red blood cells do not perform aerobic respiration, but they do perform what process that is nearly universal to organisms? | [
"reproduction",
"mitosis",
"digestion",
"glycolysis"
] | CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS 18. Why is it beneficial for cells to use ATP rather than energy directly from the bonds of carbohydrates? What are the greatest drawbacks to harnessing energy directly from the bonds of several different compounds? 19. Nearly all organisms on earth carry out some form of glycolysis. How doe... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3574 | Which theory is the idea that the characteristics of living organisms are controlled by genes, which are passed from parents to their offspring? | [
"fossil theory",
"gene theory",
"evolution theory",
"species theory"
] | The gene theory is the idea that the characteristics of living organisms are controlled by genes, which are passed from parents to their offspring. A gene is a segment of DNA that has the instructions to encode a protein. Genes are located on larger structures, called chromosomes , that are found inside every cell. Chr... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8315 | Mountain ranges, plateaus, and plains are features of what large landforms? | [
"Countries",
"planets",
"States",
"continents"
] | Features of continents include mountain ranges, plateaus, and plains. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2969 | Represented in equations by the letter "g", what pulls objects down to the earth's surface? | [
"gravity",
"motion",
"energy",
"light"
] | Gravity near the Earth pulls an object downwards toward the surface of the Earth with an acceleration of . In the absence of air resistance, all objects will fall with the same acceleration. The letter is used as the symbol for the acceleration of gravity. When talking about an object's acceleration, whether it is due ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4301 | What is the highest taxon in the classification of living things? | [
"a domain",
"a family",
"a class",
"a phylum"
] | Prokaryotes are currently placed in two domains. A domain is the highest taxon in the classification of living things. It's even higher than the kingdom. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7771 | What is the tectonic zone called where two plates come together? | [
"paralleled boundary",
"lateral boundary",
"precursors boundary",
"convergent boundary"
] | Describe and explain volcanic activity that occurs within oceanic and continental plates. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3008 | What system can be used by scientists to express very small numbers? | [
"similar notation",
"scientific diffusion",
"certain diffusion",
"scientific notation"
] | Very small numbers can also be expressed using scientific notation. The mass of an electron in decimal notation is 0.000000000000000000000000000911 grams. In scientific notation, the mass is expressed as 9.11 × 10 -28 g. Notice that the value of the exponent is chosen so that the coefficient is between 1 and 10. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10432 | The long mouth-tube that some insects use to suck up the nectar of the flower is called what? | [
"proboscis",
"prosthesis",
"pistil",
"stamen"
] | Some insects use siphoning, as if sucking through a straw, like moths and butterflies. This long mouth-tube that they use to suck up the nectar of the flower is called a proboscis . Some moths, however, have no mouthparts at all. Some insects obtain food by sponging , like the housefly. Sponging means that the mouthpar... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9915 | Adipose is a connective tissue made up of cells called what? | [
"keratinocytes",
"oocytes",
"adipocytes",
"hepatocytes"
] | Figure 33.16 Adipose is a connective tissue is made up of cells called adipocytes. Adipocytes have small nuclei localized at the cell edge. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7828 | Tropical rainforest, temperate grassland, and tundra are examples of what type of biomes? | [
"terrestrial",
"oceanic",
"atmospheric",
"horizontal"
] | Terrestrial biomes include tropical rainforest, temperate grassland, and tundra. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3080 | What is applied to a rock to make it bend and flow? | [
"acid",
"stress",
"phosphorus",
"weathering"
] | The amount of stress on a rock may be greater than the rock’s strength. In that case, the rock will change and deform ( Figure below ). Deep within the Earth, the pressure is very great. A rock behaves like a stretched rubber band. When the stress stops, the rock goes back to its original shape. If more stress is appli... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2772 | How are bacteria identified and classified? | [
"by their color",
"by their shape",
"by there cell count",
"by there movement"
] | Bacteria are so small that they can only be seen with a microscope. When viewed under the microscope, they have three distinct shapes ( Figure below ). Bacteria can be identified and classified by their shape:. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6386 | What simple machine works with a wheel and axle in a wheelbarrow? | [
"hammer",
"pulley",
"blade",
"lever"
] | Look at the wheelbarrow in the Figure below . It is used to carry heavy objects. It consists of two simple machines: a lever and a wheel and axle. Effort is applied to the lever by picking up the handles of the wheelbarrow. The lever, in turn, applies upward force to the load. The force is increased by the lever, makin... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2851 | What are biochemical compounds, such as fats and oils, that consist of fatty acids and store energy? | [
"proteins",
"tissues",
"oils",
"lipids"
] | Lipids are biochemical compounds such as fats and oils. They consist of fatty acids, which may saturated or unsaturated. Lipids are used to store energy. They also make up cell membranes. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2304 | Which part of the brain secretes hormones that tell the pituitary gland either to secrete or to stop secreting its hormones? | [
"hypothalamus",
"cerebrum",
"thalamus",
"hippocampus"
] | The hypothalamus is actually part of the brain (see Figure below ), but it also secretes hormones . Some of its hormones “tell” the pituitary gland either to secrete or to stop secreting its hormones. In this way, the hypothalamus provides a link between the nervous and endocrine systems. The hypothalamus also produces... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_6282 | Which fungi eaten by people all over the world? | [
"fruits",
"algae",
"mushrooms",
"legumes"
] | Mushrooms are fungi that are eaten by people all over the globe. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8703 | What part of the sperm contains the genetic material? | [
"the \"head\"",
"the \" tail \"",
"the \" body \"",
"the \" brain \""
] | A human sperm is a tiny cell with a tail. A human egg is much larger. Both cells are mature haploid gametes that are capable of fertilization. What process is shown in this photograph? Notice the sperm with the head piece containing the genetic material, a flagella tail that propels the sperm, and a midpiece of mostly ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1635 | What works through chemical reactions that change the rock? | [
"gradual weathering",
"chemical breakdown",
"chemical weathering",
"rock weathering"
] | Chemical weathering is different than mechanical weathering. The minerals in the rock change their chemical makeup. They become a different type of mineral or even a different type of rock. Chemical weathering works through chemical reactions that change the rock. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2286 | The adrenal cortex directly influences the function of what organs through the production of the hormone aldosterone to stimulate sodium reabsorption? | [
"heart",
"lungs",
"kidneys",
"tumors"
] | On the superior aspect of each kidney is the adrenal gland. The adrenal cortex directly influences renal function through the production of the hormone aldosterone to stimulate sodium reabsorption. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10792 | Most, if not all, of the extant animal phyla today evolved during the cambrian period, yet many of what devastating events have taken place since then? | [
"mass extinctions",
"starvations",
"earthquakes",
"life extinctions"
] | Describe at least two major changes to the animal phylogenetic tree that have come about due to molecular or genetic findings. How is it that morphological data alone might lead scientists to group animals into erroneous evolutionary relationships? 26. Briefly describe at least two theories that attempt to explain the ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2839 | A lymphocyte is the type of which cell involved in an immune system response? | [
"white immunity cell",
"white blood cell",
"white brain cell",
"red blood cell"
] | A lymphocyte is the type of white blood cell involved in an immune system response. You can see what a lymphocyte looks like, greatly magnified, in Figure below . Lymphocytes make up about one quarter of all white blood cells, but there are trillions of them in the human body. Usually, fewer than half of the body’s lym... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8144 | What is another term for dry ice? | [
"solid carbon dioxide",
"ice crystals",
"liquid nitrogen",
"carbonated ice"
] | Solid carbon dioxide is also called dry ice. That’s because when it gets warmer and changes state, it doesn’t change to a liquid by melting. Instead, it changes directly to a gas without going through the liquid state. The process in which a solid changes directly to a gas is called sublimation . It occurs when energy ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1804 | What are materials that are poor thermal conductors called? | [
"warmth insulators",
"pollution insulators",
"thermal insulators",
"sunlight insulators"
] | Particles of gases are farther apart and have fewer collisions, so they are not good at transferring thermal energy. Materials that are poor thermal conductors are called thermal insulators . Figure below shows several examples. Fluffy yellow insulation inside the roof of a home is full of air. The air prevents the tra... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9067 | What is the ultimate source of energy for all life on earth? | [
"Mars",
"its core",
"the moon",
"the sun"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_8074 | The color of an object is determined by the what of it's reflected light? | [
"wavelength",
"luminosity",
"absorption",
"variation"
] | We see an opaque object, such as the apple in Figure below , because it reflects some wavelengths of visible light. The wavelengths that are reflected determine the color that the object appears. For example, the apple in the figure appears red because it reflects red light and absorbs light of other wavelengths. We se... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1812 | When water slows down, it starts depositing sediment, starting with which particles first? | [
"finest",
"largest",
"smallest",
"lightest"
] | How water transports particles depends on their size. When water slows down, it starts depositing sediment, starting with the largest particles first. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1089 | What term is used to describe changes to an organism’s dna and are an important driver of diversity in populations? | [
"adaptations",
"evolutions",
"mutations",
"pathogens"
] | Mutation Mutations are changes to an organism’s DNA and are an important driver of diversity in populations. Species evolve because of the accumulation of mutations that occur over time. The appearance of new mutations is the most common way to introduce novel genotypic and phenotypic variance. Some mutations are unfav... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9310 | Stomata are special pores that allow gasses to enter and exit what? | [
"the soil",
"the skin",
"the leaf",
"the flower"
] | Stomata are special pores that allow gasses to enter and exit the leaf. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3925 | What type of organism, including sea stars and sand dollars, is named for their spiny skin? | [
"mollusks",
"echinoderms",
"diatoms",
"chordates"
] | Echinoderms are named for their “spiny skin. ” However, the spines aren’t on their skin. They are part of the endoskeleton. The endoskeleton consists of calcium carbonate plates and spines, covered by a thin layer of skin. Adult echinoderms have radial symmetry. This is easy to see in the sea star and sand dollar in Fi... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4441 | To the extent that behaviors are controlled by what, they may evolve through natural selection? | [
"mutation",
"dna",
"genes",
"rna"
] | To the extent that behaviors are controlled by genes, they may evolve through natural selection. If behaviors increase fitness , they are likely to become more common over time. If they decrease fitness, they are likely to become less common. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9041 | What laboratory instrument is used to analyze and test for static charge? | [
"electroscope",
"bunsen burner",
"microtome",
"microscope"
] | A laboratory instrument used to analyze and test for static charge is called an electroscope. Seen below, an electroscope consists of a metal knob connected by a metal stem to two very lightweight pieces of metal called leaves, shown in yellow. The leaves are enclosed in a box to eliminate stray air currents. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9309 | What type of tissue transports water, nutrients, and food in plants? | [
"normal tissue",
"rough tissue",
"smooth tissue",
"vascular tissue"
] | A later adaption for life on land was the evolution of vascular tissue. Vascular tissue is specialized tissue that transports water, nutrients, and food in plants. In algae, vascular tissue is not necessary since the entire body is in contact with the water, and the water simply enters the algae. But on land, water may... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1982 | What muscle is found only in the walls of the heart? | [
"skeletal muscle",
"respiratory muscle",
"cardiac muscle",
"abdominal muscle"
] | Cardiac muscle is found only in the walls of the heart. When cardiac muscle contracts, the heart beats and pumps blood. Cardiac muscle contains a great many mitochondria, which produce ATP for energy. This helps the heart resist fatigue. Contractions of cardiac muscle are involuntary like those of smooth muscle. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_11153 | When the monocilia are defective, what is disrupted? | [
"triggering",
"predicting",
"signaling",
"inhibiting"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_9942 | The stem of a horsetail is characterized by the presence of joints, or nodes: hence the name arthrophyta, which means this? | [
"molted plant",
"jointed plant",
"elongated plant",
"solid plant"
] | The stem of a horsetail is characterized by the presence of joints, or nodes: hence the name Arthrophyta, which means “jointed plant”. Leaves and branches come out as whorls from the evenly spaced rings. The needle-shaped leaves do not contribute greatly to photosynthesis, the majority of which takes place in the green... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1293 | What is at the top of the mesosphere? | [
"mesopause",
"Stratosphere",
"Troposphere",
"Mesosphere"
] | At the top of the mesosphere is the mesopause. Temperatures here are colder than anywhere else in the atmosphere. They are as low as -100° C (-212° F)! Nowhere on Earth’s surface is that cold. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9504 | What is the source of precipitation? | [
"pollution",
"clouds",
"the atmosphere",
"the sea"
] | The atmosphere is a crucial part of the water cycle. It is an important reservoir for water, and the source of precipitation. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6273 | Water infiltrates the ground because soil and rock may have air spaces between the grains. these pores, or tiny holes, result in the rock's what? | [
"sheen",
"shine",
"porosity",
"energy"
] | Identify features caused by groundwater erosion and deposition. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8026 | What is the largest and most complex algae | [
"open algae",
"strange algae",
"green algae",
"brown algae"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_5168 | What mammalian feature serves functions such as filtration and keeping the body warm? | [
"sweat",
"shivering",
"hair",
"sensory organs"
] | Hair serves many functions such as acting as a filter and keeping the body warm. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10934 | The formula mass of a covalent compound is also called the what? | [
"atomic mass",
"molecular mass",
"nucleus mass",
"ionic mass"
] | Summary 3.1 Formula Mass and the Mole Concept The formula mass of a substance is the sum of the average atomic masses of each atom represented in the chemical formula and is expressed in atomic mass units. The formula mass of a covalent compound is also called the molecular mass. A convenient amount unit for expressing... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7986 | What is the closed circulatory system of humans and other vertebrates called? | [
"digestive system",
"respiratory system",
"cardiovascular system",
"reproductive system"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_6701 | What type of flexion is the bending of the neck or body toward the right or left side? | [
"cylindrical",
"orbital",
"lateral",
"ventral"
] | Flexion and Extension Flexion and extension are movements that take place within the sagittal plane and involve anterior or posterior movements of the body or limbs. For the vertebral column, flexion (anterior flexion) is an anterior (forward) bending of the neck or body, while extension involves a posterior-directed m... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5583 | What are the female gametes that form in the ovaries? | [
"eggs",
"spermatozoa",
"sperm",
"genes"
] | Eggs are female gametes that form in the ovaries and are released into the fallopian tubes. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5908 | The two main agents of soil erosion are water and what else? | [
"humidity",
"wind",
"steam",
"glaciers"
] | The main agents of soil erosion are water and wind. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_127 | While the egg is developing, other changes are taking place in the uterus. it develops a thick lining that is full of what? | [
"amniotic fluid",
"white blood cells",
"tiny blood vessels",
"large arteries"
] | While the egg is developing, other changes are taking place in the uterus. It develops a thick lining that is full of tiny blood vessels. The lining prepares the uterus to receive a fertilized egg if fertilization actually takes place. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8786 | Which is the process through which leaves collect sunlight and make food? | [
"richness",
"compress",
"photosynthesis",
"Greenhouse"
] | Leaves are the keys not only to plant life but to virtually all life on land. The primary role of leaves is to collect sunlight and make food by photosynthesis. Leaves vary in size, shape, and how they are arranged on stems. You can see examples of different types of leaves in Figure below . | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10838 | Binding of acetylcholine to receptors on the muscle fiber leads to a? | [
"repolarization",
"excitation",
"conduction",
"depolarization"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_3270 | What instrument, with a digital readout, is used by scientists to measure very small masses? | [
"mechanical balance",
"electronic balance",
"common balance",
"mixed balance"
] | To measure very small masses, scientists use electronic balances, like the one in the Figure below . This type of balance also makes it easier to make accurate measurements because mass is shown as a digital readout. In the picture, the balance is being used to measure the mass of a white powder on a plastic weighing t... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10955 | What is the term for a natural situation which arises to physically divide organisms? | [
"extinction",
"assimilation",
"reproduction",
"vicariance"
] | If the two isolated populations are brought back together and the hybrid offspring that formed from matings between individuals of the two populations have lower survivorship or reduced fertility, then selection will favor individuals that are able to discriminate between potential mates of their own population and the... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3703 | What effect is caused by air moving over the earth's surface as it spins? | [
"mazinho effect",
"coriolis effect",
"pruett effect",
"dopple effect"
] | Earth is spinning as air moves over its surface. This causes the Coriolis effect. Winds blow on a diagonal over the surface, instead of due north or south. From which direction do the northern trade winds blow?. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11280 | What type of pressure may build up inside the cell when water moves into a cell by osmosis? | [
"osmotic pressure",
"pleasurable pressure",
"transverse pressure",
"impervious pressure"
] | When water moves into a cell by osmosis, osmotic pressure may build up inside the cell. If a cell has a cell wall, the wall helps maintain the cell’s water balance. Osmotic pressure is the main cause of support in many plants. When a plant cell is in a hypotonic environment, the osmotic entry of water raises the turgor... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4373 | In resting neurons, the plasma membrane has many open potassium channels but few open of which other channels? | [
"silicon",
"sulfur",
"oxygen",
"sodium"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_1352 | What serious sti can damage the heart, brain and other organs or even cause death, if untreated? | [
"herpes",
"chlamydia",
"syphilis",
"cirrhosis"
] | Syphilis is a very serious STI. Luckily, it is less common than chlamydia or gonorrhea. Syphilis usually begins with a small sore on the genitals. This is followed a few months later by a rash and flu-like symptoms. If syphilis is not treated, it may damage the heart, brain, and other organs. It can even cause death. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5667 | What makes toenails and fingernails hard? | [
"cellulose",
"taurine",
"guanine",
"keratin"
] | Fingernails and toenails consist of specialized epidermal cells that are filled with keratin. The keratin makes them tough and hard, which is important for the functions they serve. Fingernails prevent injury by forming protective plates over the ends of the fingers. They also enhance sensation by acting as a counterfo... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3084 | What color are leukocytes blood cells? | [
"white",
"black",
"red",
"blue"
] | The chemicals that trigger an inflammatory response attract leukocytes to the site of injury or infection. Leukocytes are white blood cells. Their role is to fight infections and get rid of debris. Leukocytes may respond with either a nonspecific or a specific defense. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2195 | What is the large muscle that extends across the bottom of the chest below the lungs called? | [
"abdomen",
"uterus",
"diaphragm",
"pectoral"
] | Mammals breathe with the help of a diaphragm . This is the large muscle that extends across the bottom of the chest below the lungs. When the diaphragm contracts, it increases the volume of the chest. This decreases pressure on the lungs and allows air to flow in. When the diaphragm relaxes, it decreases the volume of ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4978 | What is the lowest layer of the atmosphere called? | [
"asthenosphere",
"troposphere",
"lithosphere",
"mesosphere"
] | Air movement takes place in the troposphere. This is the lowest layer of the atmosphere. Air moves because of differences in heating. These differences create convection currents and winds ( Figure below ). | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4331 | Because carbohydrates have a carbonyl functional group and several hydroxyl groups, they can undergo a variety of biochemically important reactions. the carbonyl group, for example, can be oxidized to form a carboxylic acid or reduced to form this? | [
"alcohol",
"sucrose",
"caffeine",
"glucose"
] | Because carbohydrates have a carbonyl functional group and several hydroxyl groups, they can undergo a variety of biochemically important reactions. The carbonyl group, for example, can be oxidized to form a carboxylic acid or reduced to form an alcohol. The hydroxyl groups can undergo substitution reactions, resulting... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_6371 | Of the nine classes of vertebrates, how many are fish? | [
"five",
"one",
"four",
"three"
] | Of course. But what type? Of the nine classes of vertebrates, five are fish. Each of the five classes has distinguishing characteristics that allow members to be classified appropriately. Stingray are cartilaginous fish, related to sharks. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1207 | Of the three basic types of emissions, which has the highest penetrating power? | [
"fluid radiation",
"gamma radiation",
"ultraviolet radiation",
"chemical radiation"
] | Of the three basic types of emissions, gamma radiation has the highest penetrating power. Thick, high density materials (such as lead) are required to stop gamma emissions. The thickness of the shielding will determine the effectiveness of the protection offered by the lead. | B | null |
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