dataset string | id string | question string | choices list | rationale string | answer string | subject string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sciq | sciq_6752 | Characterized by a short lifespan, what begin with production in the bone marrow under the influence of csfs and interleukins? | [
"solutes",
"leukocytes",
"pathogens",
"erythrocytes"
] | Lifecycle of Leukocytes Most leukocytes have a relatively short lifespan, typically measured in hours or days. Production of all leukocytes begins in the bone marrow under the influence of CSFs and interleukins. Secondary production and maturation of lymphocytes occurs in specific regions of lymphatic tissue known as g... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11436 | Along with changes in the shape of the resonant cavity, growth of what organ in pubescent boys leads to the difference in predominant frequencies in speech between men and women? | [
"trachea",
"larynx",
"esoophagus",
"pharynx"
] | The fundamental and overtones can be present simultaneously in a variety of combinations. For example, middle C on a trumpet has a sound distinctively different from middle C on a clarinet, both instruments being modified versions of a tube closed at one end. The fundamental frequency is the same (and usually the most ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_194 | What is the process of the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma in angiosperms called? | [
"evolution",
"wind",
"grabation",
"pollination"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_9959 | The three segments of arthropods are the head, thorax and what? | [
"chest",
"appendages",
"antennae",
"abdomen"
] | Most arthropods have three body segments. The segments are the head, thorax, and abdomen. You can see the three segments in a range of arthropods in Figure below . In some arthropods, the head and thorax are joined together. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3118 | What is the production of offspring without gamete fusion called? | [
"sexual reproduction",
"ideal reproduction",
"asexual reproduction",
"organic reproduction"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_4062 | Fertilization occurs when what material from one flower reaches the female gametes in the same or a different flower? | [
"nitrogen",
"sperm",
"pollen",
"ova"
] | Pea plants reproduce sexually. The male gametes are released by tiny grains of pollen. The female gametes lie deep within the flowers. Fertilization occurs when pollen from one flower reaches the female gametes in the same or a different flower. This is called pollination . Mendel was able to control which plants polli... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1962 | How do mammals generate heat? | [
"eating spicy foods",
"maintaning low metabolism",
"running around fast",
"maintaining high metabolism"
] | Mammals generate heat mainly by maintaining a high rate of metabolism. Compared with the cells of other animals, the cells of mammals have more mitochondria. Mitochondria are the cell organelles that generate energy. Mammals may also produce little bursts of heat by shivering. Shivering occurs when many muscles all con... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1461 | What are the three main types of rocks? | [
"sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic",
"limestone , igneous and metamorphic",
"plutonic, igneous and metmorphic",
"crystalline , igneous and metamorphic"
] | A geologic map shows the different rocks that are exposed at the surface of a region. Rock units are shown in a color identified in a key. On the geologic map of the Grand Canyon, for example, different rock types are shown in different colors. Some people call the Grand Canyon “layer cake geology“ because most of the ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7791 | Rust is an example of the reaction of oxygen with what? | [
"coal",
"carbon",
"iron",
"fuel"
] | Reaction with Elements Oxygen reacts directly at room temperature or at elevated temperatures with all other elements except the noble gases, the halogens, and few second- and third-row transition metals of low reactivity (those with higher reduction potentials than copper). Rust is an example of the reaction of oxygen... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8412 | What do all respiratory diseases affect? | [
"helium exchange process",
"liquid exchange process",
"gas exchange process",
"transit exchange process"
] | Reproduction Fungi reproduce sexually and/or asexually. Perfect fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually, while the so-called imperfect fungi reproduce only asexually (by mitosis). In both sexual and asexual reproduction, fungi produce spores that disperse from the parent organism by either floating on the wind or h... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8353 | In which type of reaction are compounds formed? | [
"gaseous reaction",
"chemical reaction",
"balanced reaction",
"acid reaction"
] | Compounds form when atoms of different elements combine. This process is a chemical reaction. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9957 | What type of fatty acids have bent chains? | [
"lipids",
"cholesterol",
"unsaturated fatty acids",
"saturated fatty acids"
] | Fatty Acids. Saturated fatty acids have straight chains, like the three fatty acids shown on the left. Unsaturated fatty acids have bent chains, like all the other fatty acids in the figure. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2561 | What kind of organism causes the often fatal lung disease tuberculosis? | [
"pathogens",
"algae",
"virus",
"bacteria"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_10584 | What do many fungi secrete that break down complex molecules to smaller molecules that can be absorbed? | [
"water vapor",
"carbohydrates",
"hormones",
"enzymes"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_34 | All living things need air and this to survive? | [
"stimuli",
"habitat",
"water",
"ecosystem"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_7031 | Viruses depend on what type of cells? | [
"anchor cells",
"immune system cells",
"host cells",
"blood cells"
] | Briefly describe how viruses depend on host cells. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8682 | What is the collective travel of sheep known as? | [
"den",
"gaggle",
"load",
"herd"
] | Like many other animals, sheep travel in herds. The tendency is for each individual sheep to stay with the herd. However, a sheep may sometimes wander off, depending on how strong the attraction is for a particular food or water supply. At other times, a sheep may become frightened and run off. Whether a sheep chooses ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_662 | What mammalian structure allows the exchange of gases, nutrients, and other substances between the fetus and mother? | [
"mitochondria",
"notochord",
"placenta",
"uterus"
] | Placenta of a Placental Mammal (Human). The placenta allows the exchange of gases, nutrients, and other substances between the fetus and mother. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2002 | What are responsible for the bending movements of the organelle? | [
"sporozoans",
"dyneins",
"pores",
"muscles"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_10265 | What type of energy from a warm cola results in melting when it is transferred to the much colder ice? | [
"gaseous energy",
"protective energy",
"thermal energy",
"cyclic energy"
] | How do you cool down a glass of room-temperature cola? You probably add ice cubes to it, as in the Figure below . You might think that the ice cools down the cola, but in fact, it works the other way around. The warm cola heats up the ice. Thermal energy from the warm cola is transferred to the much colder ice, causing... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7692 | Why wouldn't a teakettle have an aluminum handle? | [
"it conducts heat",
"it isn't washable",
"it absorbs light",
"it is magnetic"
] | This teakettle is made of aluminum except for its handle, which is made of plastic. Aluminum is a good conductor of heat. It conducts heat from the flames on the range to the water inside the kettle, so the water heats quickly. Plastic, on the other hand, is not a good conductor of heat. It stays cool enough to touch e... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_927 | After what stage do the last 2 stages of food processing occur? | [
"circulation",
"excretion",
"digestion",
"filtration"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_339 | What are the contacts between neurons called? | [
"electrodes",
"neurapses",
"synapses",
"impulses"
] | 12.5 Communication Between Neurons The basis of the electrical signal within a neuron is the action potential that propagates down the axon. For a neuron to generate an action potential, it needs to receive input from another source, either another neuron or a sensory stimulus. That input will result in opening ion cha... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10725 | What does the structure of a protein start with? | [
"amino acids",
"organism acids",
"dna acids",
"rna acids"
] | Protein Structure. The structure of a protein starts with its sequence of amino acids. What determines the secondary structure of a protein? What are two types of secondary protein structure?. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2642 | What cells are typically characterized by the polarized distribution of organelles and membrane-bound proteins between their basal and apical surfaces? | [
"mast cells",
"epithelial cells",
"connective tissue",
"nerve cells"
] | The Epithelial Cell Epithelial cells are typically characterized by the polarized distribution of organelles and membrane-bound proteins between their basal and apical surfaces. Particular structures found in some epithelial cells are an adaptation to specific functions. Certain organelles are segregated to the basal s... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5802 | What is the intersection point of the critical temperature and the critical pressure called? | [
"peak point",
"basic juncture",
"critical point",
"instance point"
] | Refer again to water’s phase diagram ( Figure above ). Notice point E, labeled the critical point . What does that mean? At 373.99°C, particles of water in the gas phase are moving very, very rapidly. At any temperature higher than that, the gas phase cannot be made to liquefy, no matter how much pressure is applied to... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7761 | Each antibody can bind with just one specific type of what, resulting in a signal for a phagocyte to destroy them? | [
"immunogen",
"antigen",
"adhesion",
"pathogen"
] | B cells respond to pathogens and other cells from outside the body in the blood and lymph. Most B cells fight infections by making antibodies. An antibody is a large, Y-shaped protein that binds to an antigen , a protein that is recognized as foreign. Antigens are found on the outside of bacteria, viruses and other for... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8765 | Free atoms are spherical in shape, so the relative sizes of the elements can be compared by looking at each atom's atomic what? | [
"radius",
"weight",
"angles",
"axis"
] | One important characteristic that determines the way in which elements behave is the total size of each atom. Free atoms are spherical in shape, so the relative sizes of the elements can be compared by looking at each atom's atomic radius , which is the distance from an atom's nucleus to the electrons in the outermost ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8019 | If the amount of force of that is applied is increased, what happens to the work that a machine is producing? | [
"it's unchanged",
"it is harder",
"it's variable",
"it is easier"
] | Machines make work easier by increasing the amount of force that is applied, increasing the distance over which the force is applied, or changing the direction in which the force is applied. Contrary to popular belief, machines do not increase the amount of work that is done. They just change how the work is done. So i... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11592 | What happens to most of the energy in a trophic level as it passes to the next higher level? | [
"it is lost",
"it stays the same",
"it is transferred",
"it increases"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_6954 | Heat and light are forms of what, which refers to the ability to do work? | [
"food",
"energy",
"waves",
"fuel"
] | Energy is the ability to do work. Heat and light are forms of energy. Energy can change form. It can also move from place to place. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1397 | What type of waste is eliminated from the body through the anus? | [
"carbon dioxide",
"liquid",
"solid",
"urine"
] | solid waste that remains after food is digested and is eliminated from the body through the anus. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4161 | What is the term for animal-like protists that are usually single-celled? | [
"protozoa",
"eukaryotes",
"vertebrates",
"larvae"
] | Animal-like protists are called protozoa. Most consist a single cell. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_214 | What is a mass spectrometer used to measure? | [
"relative atomic masses",
"subatomic masses",
"partial atomic masses",
"optical atomic masses"
] | Although the masses of the electron, the proton, and the neutron are known to a high degree of precision (Table 1.3 "Properties of Subatomic Particles*"), the mass of any given atom is not simply the sum of the masses of its electrons, protons, and neutrons. For example, the ratio of the masses of 1H (hydrogen) and 2H ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3255 | Acids and bases are important in living things because what proteins typically can perform their job only at a certain level of acidity? | [
"hormones",
"catalysts",
"enzymes",
"vitamins"
] | Acids and bases are important in living things because most enzymes can do their job only at a certain level of acidity. Cells secrete acids and bases to maintain the proper pH for enzymes to work. For example, every time you digest food, acids and bases are at work in your digestive system. Consider the acidic environ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5999 | What substance can be identified by their atomic number and mass number? | [
"structures",
"compounds",
"elements",
"solutions"
] | Elements can be identified by their atomic number and mass number. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2506 | Neurons are classified based on the direction in which they carry what? | [
"energy",
"nerve impulses",
"metabolism impulses",
"neurotransmitters"
] | Neurons are classified based on the direction in which they carry nerve impulses. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9977 | Air quality is a measure of what in the air? | [
"clouds",
"pollutants",
"gases",
"water"
] | Air quality is a measure of the pollutants in the air. More pollutants mean poorer air quality. Poor air quality started to become a serious problem after the Industrial Revolution. Factories burned coal for energy. Gasoline burned by cars and trucks added greatly to air pollution. By the mid-1900s, air quality in many... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_962 | What are materials that are good conductors of thermal energy called? | [
"reflective conductors",
"atmospheric conductors",
"thermal conductors",
"geospatial conductors"
] | Conduction is usually faster in liquids and certain solids than in gases. Materials that are good conductors of thermal energy are called thermal conductors . Metals are excellent thermal conductors. They have freely moving electrons that can transfer energy quickly and easily. That’s why the metal pot in Figure above ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8182 | What can be formed by converging light rays behind a lens, onto a piece of film? | [
"a kaleidoscope",
"a mirror",
"a photograph",
"a prism"
] | When light rays converge behind a lens, a real image is formed. Real images are useful in that you can place photographic film at the physical location of the real image, expose the film to the light, and make a two-dimensional representation of the world, a photograph. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4196 | What is the leading cause of death worldwide? | [
"coronary artery disease",
"cancer",
"liver failure",
"lung disease"
] | Heart: Coronary Artery Disease Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. It occurs when the buildup of plaque—a fatty material including cholesterol, connective tissue, white blood cells, and some smooth muscle cells—within the walls of the arteries obstructs the flow of blood and decreases the f... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5097 | What is the plasma membrane formed by? | [
"cholesterol byproduct",
"single lipid layer",
"a phospholipid bilayer",
"a cytoplasm bilayer"
] | The plasma membrane is formed by a phospholipid bilayer. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5887 | Elements that do not need to conduct electricity are known as what? | [
"carbonates",
"silicates",
"nonmetals",
"alloys"
] | Nonmetals are elements that do not conduct electricity. They are the second largest class of elements. Nonmetals are also poor conductors of heat. The majority of nonmetals are gases. Solid nonmetals are dull and brittle. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_148 | All forms of energy can be interconverted. three things can change the energy of an object: the transfer of heat, work performed on or by an object, or some combination of what? | [
"heat and work",
"temperature and work",
"humidity and work",
"cold and energy"
] | All forms of energy can be interconverted. Three things can change the energy of an object: the transfer of heat, work performed on or by an object, or some combination of heat and work. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_714 | What distinctive dna shape forms when the two nucleotide chains wrap around the same axis? | [
"double helix",
"single spiral",
"chain helix",
"double spiral"
] | Simple Model of DNA. In this simple model of DNA, each line represents a nucleotide chain. The double helix shape forms when the two chains wrap around the same axis. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1249 | Metabolism is an emergent property of life that arises from orderly interactions between what? | [
"body systems",
"nutrients",
"molecules",
"tissues"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_6753 | What force is perpendicular to velocity and causes uniform circular motion? | [
"tangential force",
"centripetal force",
"circular friction",
"centripetal torque"
] | Figure 6.11 The frictional force supplies the centripetal force and is numerically equal to it. Centripetal force is perpendicular to velocity and causes uniform circular motion. The larger the F c , the smaller the radius of curvature r and the sharper the curve. The second curve has the same v , but a larger. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10504 | Inducible enzymes usually function in what type of pathways? | [
"biogenic",
"catabolic",
"anabolic",
"enzymatic"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_1100 | What type of field does earth have? | [
"force field",
"magnetic",
"seismic",
"atmospheric"
] | Earth has a magnetic field ( Figure below ). The magnetic field has north and south poles. The field extends several thousand kilometers into space. Earth’s magnetic field is created by the movements of molten metal in the outer core. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4079 | Cytokinins promote cell division and prevent what? | [
"mutations",
"senescence",
"apoptosis",
"deficiency"
] | Cytokinins Promote cell division; prevent senescence. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10069 | Compression, tension and shear refer to what type of force that can cause rock to change? | [
"process",
"gravity",
"seismic force",
"stress"
] | Stress is the force applied to a rock, which can cause the rock to change. The three main types of stress go along with the three types of plate boundaries. Compression is common at convergent boundaries, tension at divergent boundaries, and shear at transform boundaries. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9925 | What is another name for a reasonable explanation for something that might be formed near the beginning of a scientific inquiry into a problem? | [
"hypothesis",
"conclusion",
"experiment",
"theory"
] | After doing the research, the farmer will try to answer the question. She might think, “If I don’t plow my fields, I will lose less soil than if I do plow the fields. Plowing disrupts the soil and breaks up roots that help hold soil in place. ” This answer to her question is a hypothesis . A hypothesis is a reasonable ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7296 | If a solute is a gas, increasing the temperature will do what? | [
"increase its solubility",
"have no effect",
"change to liquid",
"decrease its solubility"
] | If a solute is a gas, increasing the temperature decreases its solubility. For example, less carbon dioxide can dissolve in warm ocean water than in cold ocean water. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4220 | What length of time is human gestation commonly divided into? | [
"fifty weeks",
"four quarters",
"three trimesters",
"two halves"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_3533 | Plants obtain their energy from the sun through photosynthesis , what do animals obtain their energy from? | [
"proteins",
"organisms",
"tissues",
"ultraviolet rays"
] | All organisms have the ability to grow and reproduce. To grow and reproduce, organisms must get materials and energy from the environment. Plants obtain their energy from the sun through photosynthesis , whereas animals obtain their energy from other organisms. Either way, these plants and animals, as well as the bacte... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3252 | Amino acids are the building blocks of what macromolecules? | [
"proteins",
"lipids",
"carbohydrates",
"sugars"
] | 3.4 Proteins Proteins are a class of macromolecules that perform a diverse range of functions for the cell. They help in metabolism by providing structural support and by acting as enzymes, carriers, or hormones. The building blocks of proteins (monomers) are amino acids. Each amino acid has a central carbon that is li... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_11391 | Why do adult herbivores in a herd surround their young? | [
"to keep them warm on long cold nights",
"to protect them as they are vulnerable to predators",
"to protect them from other adult herbivores",
"to show them love"
] | Herbivores such as zebras and elephants live in herds . Adults in the herd surround and protect the young, who are most vulnerable to predators. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1239 | What are the two types of fermentation? | [
"alcoholic and alchemical",
"lactic acid and alcoholic",
"lactic acid and fermaldehyde",
"acetic and anhydrous"
] | There are two types of fermentation: lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation. Both types of fermentation are described below. You can also watch animations of both types at this link: http://www. cst. cmich. edu/users/schul1te/animations/fermentation. swf . | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9715 | Aids is an infectious disease of which system? | [
"immune",
"endocrine",
"digestion",
"muscular"
] | AIDS is an infectious disease of the immune system caused by a virus. Some diseases of the immune system are noninfectious. They include autoimmune diseases and allergies. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_11623 | What form when a single atom gains or loses electrons? | [
"vacuoles ions",
"monatomic ions",
"fusional ions",
"carbon atoms"
] | Monatomic ions form when a single atom gains or loses electrons. For the main group elements, cations are generally formed by removing all of the valence electrons from the atom. Since the numbers of valence electrons for the representative elements are constant within a particular group, all we need is the group numbe... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6781 | What often occurs on steep slopes in dry climates? | [
"tsunamis",
"earthquakes",
"landslides",
"volcanoes"
] | Landslides often occur on steep slopes in dry or semi-arid climates. The California coastline, with its steep cliffs and years of drought punctuated by seasons of abundant rainfall, is prone to landslides. Wet soil becomes slippery and heavy. Earthquakes often trigger landslides. The shaking ground causes soil and rock... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1590 | Radiometric dating methods, such as carbon-14 dating depend on what type of decay? | [
"nuclear",
"radioactive",
"carbon",
"microwave"
] | The age of a rock in years is its absolute age. The main evidence for absolute age comes from radiometric dating methods, such as carbon-14 dating. These methods depend on radioactive decay. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3002 | What has a distinct front and back end? | [
"heroclix sphere",
"imipenem sphere",
"hydro sphere",
"volvox sphere"
] | The Volvox sphere has a distinct front and back end. The colony of cells can swim in a coordinated fashion. The cells have eyespots, which are more developed in the cells near the front. This enables the colony to swim towards light. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4963 | What does the thymus gland produce? | [
"hormones",
"b cells",
"insulin",
"t cells"
] | Organs of the lymphatic system include the tonsils, thymus gland and spleen. The thymus gland produces T cells or T-lymphocytes (see below) and the spleen and tonsils help in fighting infections. The spleen’s main function is to filter the blood. The spleen also detects viruses and bacteria and triggers the release of ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7614 | Evidence for the presence of what on mars makes scientists think that life might have existed there in the past? | [
"gas",
"air",
"plasma",
"water"
] | Curiosity, the rover, has found evidence of a flowing stream on Mars. Layers of smooth, water-polished pebbles have been photographed. This is exactly what you would see in a stream on Earth. There are many surface features that look like water-eroded canyons. Since there was liquid water on Mars, scientists think that... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11587 | What type of respiration has the advantage of releasing more energy? | [
"aerobic",
"elastic",
"kinetic",
"anaerobic"
] | A major advantage of aerobic respiration is the amount of energy it releases. Without oxygen, organisms can split glucose into just two molecules of pyruvate. This releases only enough energy to make two ATP molecules. With oxygen, organisms can break down glucose all the way to carbon dioxide. This releases enough ene... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2574 | What type of tissue produces and secretes several hormones involved in lipid metabolism and storage? | [
"adipose tissue",
"metabolism tissue",
"somatic tissue",
"hormonal tissue"
] | Adipose Tissue Adipose tissue produces and secretes several hormones involved in lipid metabolism and storage. One important example is leptin, a protein manufactured by adipose cells that circulates in amounts directly proportional to levels of body fat. Leptin is released in response to food consumption and acts by b... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1134 | What speeds up the reactions of chemical digestion? | [
"digestive enzymes",
"electrical enzymes",
"stomach acids",
"protein catalysts"
] | Chemical digestion could not take place without the help of digestive enzymes and other substances secreted into the GI tract. An enzyme is a protein that speeds up a biochemical reaction. Digestive enzymes speed up the reactions of chemical digestion. Table below lists a few digestive enzymes, the organs that produce ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9830 | What organ is the hypothalamus a part of? | [
"brain",
"heart",
"Nervous system",
"liver"
] | The hypothalamus is actually part of the brain (see Figure below ), but it also secretes hormones. Some of its hormones that “tell” the pituitary gland to either secrete or stop secreting its hormones. In this way, the hypothalamus provides a link between the nervous and endocrine systems. The hypothalamus also produce... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1214 | Are valence electrons attracted more or less strongly when they are farther from the nucleus? | [
"differently",
"more strongly",
"less strongly",
"equally"
] | The reactivity of alkaline Earth metals increases from the top to the bottom of the group. That’s because the atoms get bigger from the top to the bottom, so the valence electrons are farther from the nucleus. When valence electrons are farther from the nucleus, they are attracted less strongly by the nucleus and more ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_571 | Where do lightnings build up? | [
"troposphere",
"air",
"stratosphere",
"clouds"
] | Lightning is the discharge of static electricity that has built up on clouds. Every year, the earth experiences an average of 25 million lightning strikes. Lightning bolts travel at speeds up to 60,000 miles per second, and can reach temperatures of 50,000°F, which is five times the temperature of the surface of the su... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10495 | Where are protons and neutrons located? | [
"nucleus",
"electron shell",
"epidermis",
"radius"
] | Unlike protons and neutrons, which are located inside the nucleus at the center of the atom, electrons are found outside the nucleus. Because opposite electric charges attract each other, negative electrons are attracted to the positive nucleus. This force of attraction keeps electrons constantly moving through the oth... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8223 | Which organ is the control center of the nervous system? | [
"the spine",
"the brain",
"the lungs",
"the heart"
] | What weighs about three pounds and contains up to 100 billion cells? The answer is the human brain. The brain is the control center of the nervous system. It’s like the pilot of a plane. It tells other parts of the nervous system what to do. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_176 | In which state of matter do particles take the shape of their container, but cannot expand to fill it? | [
"liquid",
"mixture",
"gas",
"chemical"
] | A liquid is a state of matter in which particles can slip past one another and take the shape of their container. However, the particles cannot pull apart and spread out to take the volume of their container. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_11375 | Cilia and flagella are generally associated with what function in organisms, whether the function is internal or external? | [
"digestion",
"reproduction",
"sight",
"movement"
] | Cilia ( cilium , singular) are made up of microtubule containing extensions of the cell membrane. Although both cilia and flagella are used for movement, cilia are much shorter than flagella. Cilia cover the surface of some single-celled organisms, such as paramecium. Their cilia beat together to move the little animal... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11273 | The contents of which organ are mixed every 20 seconds? | [
"the metabolism",
"pancreas",
"kidney",
"the stomach"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_4509 | What do cells do in order to replace damaged or worn out cells? | [
"divide",
"fold",
"die",
"replicate"
] | Cells also divide in order to replace damaged or worn-out cells. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9513 | In which part of a bird stomach is food stored, soaked and mechanically ground? | [
"Gall bladder",
"gizzard",
"digestion",
"pancreas"
] | Avian Birds face special challenges when it comes to obtaining nutrition from food. They do not have teeth and so their digestive system, shown in Figure 34.7, must be able to process un-masticated food. Birds have evolved a variety of beak types that reflect the vast variety in their diet, ranging from seeds and insec... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8454 | Uncontrolled cell growth can lead to tumors and what disease? | [
"cancer",
"vascular disease",
"kidney failure",
"cirrhosis"
] | 10.4 | Cancer and the Cell Cycle By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Describe how cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell growth • Understand how proto-oncogenes are normal cell genes that, when mutated, become oncogenes • Describe how tumor suppressors function • Explain how mutant tumor suppressors cause... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7763 | What type of resource is limited in supply and cannot be replaced except over millions of years? | [
"natural resource",
"renewable energy",
"human resources",
"capital resources"
] | Natural resource that is limited in supply and cannot be replaced except over millions of years. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7138 | Predicting the possible genotypes and phenotypes from a genetic cross is often aided by a what? | [
"balusters square",
"dinobot square",
"punnett square",
"axle square"
] | Though the above fruit may not result, it would be nice to scientifically predict what would result. Predicting the possible genotypes and phenotypes from a genetic cross is often aided by a Punnett square. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10096 | What type of physics explains the behavior of visible light and electromagnetic waves? | [
"Quantum mechanics",
"Thermodynamics",
"optics",
"statistics"
] | We already know that visible light is the type of electromagnetic waves to which our eyes respond. That knowledge still leaves many questions regarding the nature of light and vision. What is color, and how do our eyes detect it? Why do diamonds sparkle? How does light travel? How do lenses and mirrors form images? The... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3486 | What is the general composition of the continental crust? | [
"marble",
"granite",
"limestone",
"sandstone"
] | The average composition of continental crust is granite. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5270 | Prokaryotes and the nitrogen cycle nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is part of proteins and this? | [
"molecules",
"nuclear forces",
"nucleic acids",
"nerve cells"
] | Prokaryotes and the Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is part of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds to ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, and nitrogen gas by myriad processes, many of which are carried out ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8559 | What is the addition of oxygen to a molecule or the removal of hydrogen from a molecule called? | [
"ionization",
"evaporation",
"oxidation",
"precipitation"
] | Oxidation can be defined as the addition of oxygen to a molecule or the removal of hydrogen from a molecule. When an alkane is heated in the presence of an appropriate catalyst, it can be oxidized to the corresponding alkene in a reaction called a dehydrogenation reaction. Two hydrogen atoms are removed in the process.... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10108 | What is the molecule, dipeptide formed together by? | [
"amino acids",
"acetic acids",
"rna acids",
"polymer acids"
] | Amino acids join together to form a molecule called a dipeptide. The –OH from the carboxyl group of one amino acid combines with a hydrogen atom from the amino group of the other amino acid to produce water (blue). | A | null |
sciq | sciq_551 | What is the transfer of heat by a current? | [
"diffusion",
"convection",
"radiation",
"combustion"
] | Convection is the transfer of heat by a current. Convection happens in a liquid or a gas. Air near the ground is warmed by heat radiating from Earth's surface. The warm air is less dense, so it rises. As it rises, it cools. The cool air is dense, so it sinks to the surface. This creates a convection current, like the o... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4585 | Snails, scallops, and squids are what type of invertebrate? | [
"arthropod",
"algae",
"mollusk",
"crustacean"
] | Mollusks are invertebrates such as snails, scallops, and squids. They have a hard outer shell. There is a layer of tissue called the mantle between the shell and the body. Most mollusks have tentacles for feeding and sensing, and many have a muscular foot. Mollusks also have a coelom, a complete digestive system, and s... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8760 | What type of energy travels in waves across space as well as through matter? | [
"mechanical radiation",
"thermal energy",
"electromagnetic radiation",
"kinetic energy"
] | Electromagnetic radiation is energy that travels in waves across space as well as through matter. Most of the electromagnetic radiation on Earth comes from the sun. Like other waves, electromagnetic waves are characterized by certain wavelengths and wave frequencies. Wavelength is the distance between two corresponding... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7780 | How is population density expressed? | [
"number per household",
"number per area",
"per arable land",
"arable land per capita"
] | Ecologists look at many factors that help to describe a population. First, ecologists can measure the number of individuals that make up the population, known as population size . They can then determine the population density , which is the number of individuals of the same species in an area. Population density can b... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1054 | What is the main component of paper, cardboard, and textiles made from cotton, linen, and other plant fibers? | [
"vascular tissue",
"cambium",
"cellulose",
"pulp"
] | Cellulose is another polymer of glucose, consisting of anywhere from hundreds to over ten thousand monomers. It is the structural component of the cell walls of green plants and is the single most common organic molecule on Earth. Roughly 33% of all plant matter is cellulose. The linkage structure in cellulose is diffe... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6961 | What type of science is the study of matter and energy and includes chemistry and physics? | [
"genetics",
"Earth science",
"biology",
"physical science"
] | Physical science is the study of matter and energy. It includes chemistry and physics. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7720 | The ideal gas law does not require that the properties of what? | [
"transit change",
"copper change",
"gas change",
"liquid change"
] | The ideal gas law does not require that the properties of a gas change. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3740 | What is the muscular organ shaped like an upside-down pear that has a thick lining of tissues called the endometrium? | [
"kidney",
"uterus",
"lungs",
"liver"
] | The uterus is a muscular organ shaped like an upside-down pear. It has a thick lining of tissues called the endometrium . The lower, narrower end of the uterus is known as the cervix . The uterus is where a fetus grows and develops until birth. During pregnancy, the uterus can expand greatly to make room for the baby a... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8698 | Lava that enters the water is called what? | [
"saltwater lava",
"magma runoff",
"pillow lava",
"lava flow"
] | Pillow lava is created from lava that enters the water. The volcanic vent may be underwater. The lava may flow over land and enter the water ( Figure below ). Once in the water, the lava cools very quickly. The lava forms round rocks that resemble pillows. Pillow lava is particularly common along mid-ocean ridges. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7608 | Oceans are made of a solution of what? | [
"salt and algae",
"water and carbon",
"salt and water",
"salt and carbon"
] | Flickr:xiquinhosilva. Oceans are made of a solution of salt and water . CC BY 2.0. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4427 | What group of gases are unusually unreactive? | [
"greenhouse gases",
"volcanic gases",
"halogens",
"noble gases"
] | Nonmetals tend to gain electrons in chemical reactions and have a high attraction to electrons within a compound. The most reactive nonmetals reside in the upper right portion of the periodic table. Since the noble gases are an unusually unreactive group, the element fluorine is the most reactive nonmetal. It is also n... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3677 | What are the smallest particles of elements that maintain their unique properties? | [
"protons",
"atoms",
"molecules",
"electrons"
] | A: The discovery of particles smaller than atoms doesn’t mean that we should scrap the entire theory. Atoms are still known to be the smallest particles of elements that have the properties of the elements. Also, it is atoms—not particles of atoms—that combine in fixed proportions in compounds. Instead of throwing out ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9119 | Zoonotic pathogens are transferred from what to what? | [
"humans to humans",
"humans to animals",
"animals to animals",
"animals to humans"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_2451 | What is the change in a species over time? | [
"evolution",
"phenomenon",
"variation",
"transformation"
] | Scientists do the same thing when they classify , or put into categories, living things. Scientists classify organisms not only by their physical features, but also by how closely related they are. Lions and tigers look like each other more than they look like bears, but are lions and tigers related? Evolutionarily spe... | A | null |
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