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sciq
sciq_11167
The fast motion of gas particles gives them a relatively large amount of what energy?
[ "kinetic energy", "Potential energy", "Chemical energy", "residual energy" ]
Gas particles are in constant rapid motion in random directions . The fast motion of gas particles gives them a relatively large amount of kinetic energy. Recall that kinetic energy is the energy that an object possesses because of its motion. The particles of a gas move in straight-line motion until they collide with ...
A
null
sciq
sciq_2656
According to early accounts, newton was inspired to make the connection between falling bodies and astronomical motions when he saw an apple fall from a tree and realized that if the gravitational force could extend above the ground to a tree, it might also reach this?
[ "moon", "sun", "stars", "horizon" ]
Figure 6.20 According to early accounts, Newton was inspired to make the connection between falling bodies and astronomical motions when he saw an apple fall from a tree and realized that if the gravitational force could extend above the ground to a tree, it might also reach the Sun. The inspiration of Newton’s apple i...
B
null
sciq
sciq_9547
What are large vesicles derived from the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus?
[ "alleles", "chloroplasts", "tubules", "vacuoles" ]
D
null
sciq
sciq_7859
Which human body system system moves nutrients and other substances throughout the body?
[ "Digestive system", "Muscular system", "cardiovascular system", "Integumentary system" ]
The cardiovascular system moves nutrients and other substances throughout the body.
C
null
sciq
sciq_6670
What type of behavior has the advantage of being flexible and capable of changing to suit changing conditions?
[ "inherited behavior", "saved behavior", "noted behavior", "learned behavior" ]
Most animals are capable of learning, but animals that are more intelligent are better at learning and depend more on learned behaviors. The big advantage of learned behaviors over innate behaviors is that learned behaviors are flexible. They can be changed to suit changing conditions.
D
null
sciq
sciq_1760
When leaves wilt, what plant process ceases?
[ "carbonation", "hydration", "photosynthesis", "reactions" ]
Photosynthesis ceases when leaves wilt, mainly because.
C
null
sciq
sciq_5524
Two species that share what cannot coexist in a community?
[ "same niche", "mood", "language", "color" ]
A
null
sciq
sciq_5979
Sponges possess an internal skeleton called what?
[ "exoskelton", "endoskeleton", "hydrostatic skeleton", "fluid skeleton" ]
Sponges have an internal skeleton that gives them support and protection. An internal skeleton is called an endoskeleton . A sponge endoskeleton consists of short, sharp rods called spicules (see Figure below ). Spicules are made of silica, calcium carbonate, or spongin, a tough protein. They grow from specialized cell...
B
null
sciq
sciq_6450
How are layers of the atmosphere divided?
[ "density gradients", "air gradients", "color gradients", "temperature gradients" ]
The layers of the atmosphere are divided by their temperature gradients. The lowest layer is the troposphere. All weather takes place in this layer. The next layer is the stratosphere. The stratosphere contains the protective ozone layer. More sunlight strikes at the Equator than at the poles. This is what drives the g...
D
null
sciq
sciq_7873
Polygenic traits result in a distribution that resembles a curve. what is the shape of the curve?
[ "J-shaped", "bell-shaped", "egg-shaped", "W-shaped" ]
David Remahl. Polygenic traits result in a distribution that resembles a bell-shaped curve . The creator of this work allows anyone to use it for any purpose including unrestricted redistribution, commercial use, and modification.
B
null
sciq
sciq_1160
A light bulb converts electrical energy to light and what?
[ "visible energy", "chemical energy", "thermal energy", "kinetic energy" ]
Most circuits have devices such as light bulbs that convert electrical energy to other forms of energy. In the case of a light bulb, electrical energy is converted to light and thermal energy.
C
null
sciq
sciq_1243
The molecule pictured above is thyroxine, a compound produced by which gland?
[ "thyroid", "stomach", "kidney", "gallbladder" ]
The molecule pictured above is thyroxine, a compound produced by the thyroid gland. This molecule regulates how the body uses energy. In a condition known as hypothyroidism, the thyroid makes less thyroxine than normal. A person with this disease feels tired all the time and often puts on weight. Treatment with thyroid...
A
null
sciq
sciq_6213
Enthalpy is a measure of the total energy of what kind of system?
[ "hypodermic", "thermodynamic", "macroscopic", "planetary" ]
Reactions can proceed by themselves if they are exergonic or exothermic, that is if they release energy. The associated free energy of the reaction is composed of two different thermodynamic quantities, enthalpy and entropy. Enthalpy is a measure of the total energy of a thermodynamic system. The change in enthalpy is ...
B
null
sciq
sciq_1505
What are the two components of a mixture called?
[ "solute and a solvent", "nutrients and a solvent", "concentration and a solvent", "acid and base" ]
Combinations of different substances are called mixtures.
A
null
sciq
sciq_583
How many years ago may the earliest fungi have evolved?
[ ".350 million", "600 million", "500 million", ".250 million" ]
The earliest fungi may have evolved about 600 million years ago.
B
null
sciq
sciq_5104
Electric substations have what devices, which use electromagnetic induction to increase or decrease the voltage of the current?
[ "generators", "transformers", "tubes", "transistors" ]
Electric substations have several functions. Many substations distribute electricity from a few high-voltage lines to several lower-voltage lines. They have electric transformers, which use electromagnetic induction to change the voltage of the current. Some transformers increase the voltage; others decrease the voltag...
B
null
sciq
sciq_1715
Ribosomes are cellular substructures where what are synthesized?
[ "acids", "proteins", "cells", "Molecule" ]
Ribosomes are cellular substructures where proteins are synthesized. They contain about 65% rRNA and 35% protein, held together by numerous noncovalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, in an overall structure consisting of two globular particles of unequal size. Molecules of tRNA, which bring amino acids (one at...
B
null
sciq
sciq_10477
Where on the earth's surface does the water cycle takes place?
[ "inside,under,above", "on , below , and below", "on, above, and below", "for , above , and below" ]
The water cycle takes place on, above, and below Earth’s surface. In the cycle, water occurs as water vapor, liquid water, and ice. Many processes are involved as water changes state in the cycle. The atmosphere is an exchange pool for water. Ice masses, aquifers, and the deep ocean are water reservoirs.
C
null
sciq
sciq_7840
Where are sponges most likely anchored to?
[ "sea floor", "reef or rock", "sand", "beaches" ]
Sponges are a source of food for many species of fish. Because sponges are anchored to a reef or rock, they can’t run away from predators. However, their sharp spicules provide some defense. They also produce toxins that may poison predators that try to eat them.
B
null
sciq
sciq_3985
What do voltmeters measure?
[ "temperature", "amplitude", "frequency", "voltage" ]
21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters • Voltmeters measure voltage, and ammeters measure current. • A voltmeter is placed in parallel with the voltage source to receive full voltage and must have a large resistance to limit its effect on the circuit. • An ammeter is placed in series to get the full current flowing through a ...
D
null
sciq
sciq_784
What side of a mountain does the rainshadow effect occur on?
[ "windward", "due north", "the leeward side", "starboard" ]
Rainshadow effect occurs on the leeward side of a mountain range.
C
null
sciq
sciq_610
Radiation, chemicals, and infectious agents are types of what?
[ "dioxins", "mutagens", "mutations", "endogenous" ]
Types of mutagens include radiation, chemicals, and infectious agents.
B
null
sciq
sciq_7358
What is the outermost occupied shell of electrons in an atom.
[ "valence shell", "Inner Shell", "modular shell", "radiative shell" ]
The valence shell is the outermost occupied shell of electrons in an atom. This shell holds the valence electrons, which are the electrons that are involved in bonding and shown in a Lewis structure. Valence-shell electron pair repulsion theory , or VSEPR theory, states that a molecule will adjust its shape so that the...
A
null
sciq
sciq_3855
What hypothetical link between development of herbivores and plant defenses is observed in nature, for instance in seeds that are unsavory to animals?
[ "abjection", "interconnection", "natural selection", "coevolution" ]
Animals and Plants: Herbivory Coevolution of flowering plants and insects is a hypothesis that has received much attention and support, especially because both angiosperms and insects diversified at about the same time in the middle Mesozoic. Many authors have attributed the diversity of plants and insects to pollinati...
D
null
sciq
sciq_2177
Energy transfer between what kinds of levels is generally rather inefficient?
[ "trophic", "secondary", "apex", "producer" ]
55.3 Energy transfer between trophic levels is typically only 10% efficient.
A
null
sciq
sciq_6884
What are the narrowest blood vessels, where oxygen is transferred into body cells?
[ "arteries", "viens", "muscles", "capillaries" ]
Red blood cells are flat, round, and very small. Their small size allows easy maneuverability through the capillaries, the narrowest blood vessels, where oxygen is transferred into body cells.
D
null
sciq
sciq_10321
What is another name for a broad explanation that is supported by a great deal of evidence?
[ "theory", "hypothesis", "conjecture", "concept" ]
A : A theory is needed to explain gravity. In science, a theory is a broad explanation that is supported by a great deal of evidence.
A
null
sciq
sciq_8066
What phenomenon is essential in order for evolution to occur because it increases genetic variation and the potential for individuals to differ?
[ "radiation", "replication", "natural selection", "mutation" ]
Mutations are essential for evolution to occur because they increase genetic variation and the potential for individuals to differ. The majority of mutations are neutral in their effects on the organisms in which they occur. Beneficial mutations may become more common through natural selection. Harmful mutations may ca...
D
null
sciq
sciq_1538
In essence, a virus is simply a nucleic acid surrounded by what?
[ "a protein coat", "a polymer coat", "a polypeptide", "a membrane coat" ]
A virus is a sub-microscopic particle that can infect living cells. Viruses are much smaller than prokaryotic organisms. In essence, a virus is simply a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat, as seen in the Figure below . This outer coat is called a capsid . Viruses will be discussed in more detail in the Viruses c...
A
null
sciq
sciq_9517
Most lipids in your diet should be what type, found mainly in plant sources and also in fish?
[ "fat", "unsaturated", "saturated", "aromatic" ]
Unsaturated fats are found mainly in plant foods, such as vegetable oil, olive oil, and nuts. Unsaturated lipids are also found in fish, such as salmon. Unsaturated lipids are needed in small amounts for good health. Most lipids in your diet should be unsaturated.
B
null
sciq
sciq_1367
What determines the unique sequence for every protein?
[ "variation encoding", "gene encoding", "space encoding", "form encoding" ]
The unique sequence for every protein is ultimately determined by the gene encoding the protein. A change in nucleotide sequence of the gene’s coding region may lead to a different amino acid being added to the growing polypeptide chain, causing a change in protein structure and function. In sickle cell anemia, the hem...
B
null
sciq
sciq_6771
What is the process called in which a magnet loses its magnetic properties?
[ "polarization", "diffusion", "vectorization", "demagnetization" ]
If you stroke an iron nail with a bar magnet, the nail will become a permanent (or at least long-lasting) magnet. Its magnetic domains will remain aligned even after you remove it from the magnetic field of the bar magnet. Permanent magnets can be demagnetized, however, if they are dropped or heated to high temperature...
D
null
sciq
sciq_9585
What conveys signals received by the eye to the brain?
[ "sensory nerve", "sciatic nerve", "optic nerve", "motor nerve" ]
26.1 Physics of the Eye The eye is perhaps the most interesting of all optical instruments. The eye is remarkable in how it forms images and in the richness of detail and color it can detect. However, our eyes commonly need some correction, to reach what is called “normal” vision, but should be called ideal rather than...
C
null
sciq
sciq_7584
Living organisms are made up of what type of carbon-based compounds?
[ "biophysical", "microbial", "synthetic", "biochemical" ]
Biochemical compounds are carbon-based compounds that make up living organisms. There are four main classes of biochemical compounds: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. The classes have different structures and functions.
D
null
sciq
sciq_6908
In many cases, the alkali metal amide salt (mnh2) is not very soluble in liquid ammonia and does what?
[ "settles", "isolates", "evaporates", "precipitates" ]
where the (am) designation refers to an ammonia solution, analogous to (aq) used to indicate aqueous solutions. Without a catalyst, the reaction in Equation 21.20 tends to be rather slow. In many cases, the alkali metal amide salt (MNH2) is not very soluble in liquid ammonia and precipitates, but when dissolved, very c...
D
null
sciq
sciq_2838
When gas pressure-forces are used to move an object the work is done on the object by?
[ "kinetic energy", "gravitational pull", "contracting gas", "expanding gas" ]
When gas pressure-forces are used to move an object then work is done on the object by the expanding gas. Work can be done on the gas in order to compress it.
D
null
sciq
sciq_10541
Systemic veins return blood low in what to the right atrium?
[ "nitrogen", "oxygen", "nutrients", "dioxide" ]
Overview of Systemic Veins Systemic veins return blood to the right atrium. Since the blood has already passed through the systemic capillaries, it will be relatively low in oxygen concentration. In many cases, there will be veins draining organs and regions of the body with the same name as the arteries that supplied ...
B
null
sciq
sciq_9775
The ph scale is a scale used to express the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution. a neutral solution, neither acidic nor basic, has a ph of what?
[ "0", "8", "6", "7" ]
dissociated ions. It is a dynamic equilibrium because acid and base molecules are constantly dissociating into ions and reassociating into neutral molecules. The pH scale is a scale used to express the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution. A neutral solution, neither acidic nor basic, has a pH of 7. Acidic soluti...
D
null
sciq
sciq_2112
When a fluorine atom gains an electron, it becomes a negative what?
[ "potassium ion", "sulfide ion", "fluoride ion", "hydrogen ion" ]
When a fluorine atom gains an electron, it becomes a negative fluoride ion.
C
null
sciq
sciq_10686
In what type of population do allele and genotype frequencies not change over time?
[ "shape population", "saturation population", "inequilibrium population", "equilibrium population" ]
In an equilibrium population, allele and genotype frequencies do not change over time.
D
null
sciq
sciq_1248
Respiration that occurs in the cells is called?
[ "electromagnetic respiration", "biological respiration", "plasma respiration", "cellular respiration" ]
Another kind of respiration takes place within body cells. This kind of respiration is called cellular respiration. It’s the process in which cells obtain energy by “burning” glucose. Both types of respiration are connected. Cellular respiration uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide. Respiration by the respiratory sy...
D
null
sciq
sciq_9006
What is a winding ridge of sand deposited by a stream of meltwater called?
[ "desert", "sand dune", "esker", "oasis" ]
An esker is a winding ridge of sand deposited by a stream of meltwater. Such streams flow underneath a retreating glacier.
C
null
sciq
sciq_6794
When is a moving car said to be in dynamic equilibrium?
[ "at homeostasis", "zero net force", "when accelerating", "at rest" ]
Figure 9.3 This car is in dynamic equilibrium because it is moving at constant velocity. There are horizontal and vertical forces, but the net external force in any direction is zero. The applied force F app between the tires and the road is balanced by air friction, and the weight of the car is supported by the normal...
B
null
sciq
sciq_8704
Multiple sclerosis, huntington’s disease, and parkinson’s disease all affect what body system?
[ "reproductive system", "nervous system", "circulatory system", "lymph system" ]
In addition to ALS and Alzheimer's disease, other serious nervous system diseases include multiple sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. T hese diseases rarely, if ever, occur in young people. Their causes and symptoms are listed below ( Table below ). The diseases have no known cure, but medicines ...
B
null
sciq
sciq_7569
In addition to five classes of fish, what other classes make up the species of vertebrates?
[ "amphibians , vertebrae , birds , and mammals", "insects, amphibians, reptiles, and birds", "amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals", "reptiles, birds, mammals, and primates" ]
There are about 50,000 living species of vertebrates. They are placed in nine classes: five classes of fish plus amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
C
null
sciq
sciq_5229
A sperm cell and an egg cell fuse to become what?
[ "fertilized egg", "fetus", "unfertilized egg", "embryo" ]
The Neural Tube To begin, a sperm cell and an egg cell fuse to become a fertilized egg. The fertilized egg cell, or zygote, starts dividing to generate the cells that make up an entire organism. Sixteen days after fertilization, the developing embryo’s cells belong to one of three germ layers that give rise to the diff...
A
null
sciq
sciq_6288
What is fluid friction with air called?
[ "air resistance", "gravity", "buoyancy", "wind resistance" ]
Types of friction include static friction, sliding friction, rolling friction, and fluid friction. Fluid friction with air is called air resistance.
A
null
sciq
sciq_2551
Which part of the body has mucus and hair to trap dust and also warms and moistens air so to not harm lung tissue?
[ "the tongue", "the nose", "the ear", "the throat" ]
In the nose, mucus and hairs trap any dust or other particles in the air. The air is also warmed and moistened so it won’t harm delicate tissues of the lungs.
B
null
sciq
sciq_6493
Resistors connected end to end are said to be in what?
[ "groups", "parallel", "series", "lines" ]
Resistors in Series: All resistors are connected end to end. There is only one river, so they all receive the same current. But since there is a voltage drop across each resistor, they may all have different voltages across them – the sum of the voltage drops will equal the total voltage of the circuit. The more resist...
C
null
sciq
sciq_2445
What kind of reaction is a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a single new substance?
[ "compounding reaction", "chemical reaction", "power reaction", "combination reaction" ]
A combination reaction is a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a single new substance. Combination reactions can also be called synthesis reactions. The general form of a combination reaction is:.
D
null
sciq
sciq_6869
The differing glycosidic linkages in starch and cellulose give the two molecules what kind of distinct shapes?
[ "three-dimensional", "square", "one-dimensional", "diamond" ]
A
null
sciq
sciq_8996
What is the name of vesicles that are formed by the golgi apparatus?
[ "capillaries", "vessels", "lysosomes", "lymphocytes" ]
Lysosomes are vesicles that are formed by the Golgi apparatus. They contain powerful enzymes that could break down (digest) the cell. Lysosomes break down harmful cell products, waste materials, and cellular debris and then force them out of the cell. They also digest invading organisms such as bacteria. Lysosomes also...
C
null
sciq
sciq_10655
What is the rate at which a specific allele appears within a population called?
[ "allele frequecy", "allele commonness", "trait frequency", "allele rarity" ]
The allele frequency (or gene frequency) is the rate at which a specific allele appears within a population. Until now we have discussed evolution as a change in the characteristics of a population of organisms, but behind that phenotypic change is genetic change. In population genetics, the term evolution is defined a...
A
null
sciq
sciq_7522
Overpopulation takes place when the number of organisms in an area exceeds what?
[ "consumers", "carrying capacity", "predators", "biome size" ]
Overpopulation takes place when the number of organisms exceeds the carrying capacity of the region. What is the carrying capacity of Earth for humans? Are seven billion people the human carrying capacity? Nine billion? We don't know yet.
B
null
sciq
sciq_11113
In multicellular organisms, only mutations in cell lines that produce gametes can be passed to what?
[ "proteins", "clones", "offspring", "cells" ]
C
null
sciq
sciq_7641
Which type of tree loses its leaves each fall and remains leafless in the winter?
[ "annual", "deciduous", "conifer", "perennial" ]
Temperate Forests Temperate forests are the most common biome in eastern North America, Western Europe, Eastern Asia, Chile, and New Zealand (Figure 20.18). This biome is found throughout mid-latitude regions. Temperatures range between –30oC and 30oC (–22oF to 86oF) and drop to below freezing on an annual basis. These...
B
null
sciq
sciq_4830
What are the two best known baryons?
[ "flux and neurons", "shafts and neutrons", "protons and neutrons", "electrons and neutrons" ]
Particles that are composed of three quarks are called baryons . The two best known baryons are protons and neutrons. A proton is composed of two up quarks and one down quark (uud). The charge on the proton is the result of adding the charges on these quarks . Neutrons are composed of one up quark and two down quarks (...
C
null
sciq
sciq_4255
What is the process resulting in living things with beneficial traits producing more offspring?
[ "Natural choice.", "natural selection", "fluid selection", "natural change" ]
The other idea is that evolution occurs by natural selection . Natural selection is the process that results in living things with beneficial traits producing more offspring than others. This results in changes in the traits of living things over time.
B
null
sciq
sciq_2539
What is the term for the movement of individuals out of a population?
[ "immigration", "emigration", "colonization", "succession" ]
Emigration is the movement of individuals out of a population. This decreases the population size and growth rate.
B
null
sciq
sciq_4031
Where are most white blood cells made?
[ "lungs", "plasma", "heart tissue", "the bone marrow" ]
White blood cells (WBCs) are usually larger than red blood cells. They do not have hemoglobin and do not carry oxygen. White blood cells make up less than one percent of the blood's volume. Most WBCs are made in the bone marrow, and some mature in the lymphatic system. There are different WBCs with different jobs. WBCs...
D
null
sciq
sciq_4262
What property means that something can return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed?
[ "elasticity", "viscosity", "homeostasis", "friction" ]
Something that is elastic can return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed. This property is called elasticity . As you stretch or compress an elastic material like a bungee cord, it resists the change in shape. It exerts a counter force in the opposite direction. This force is called elastic force ...
A
null
sciq
sciq_3245
Types of compounds include covalent and which other compounds?
[ "soluble", "ionic", "reactant", "solvent" ]
Types of compounds include covalent and ionic compounds. They differ in the nature of the bonds that hold their atoms or ions together.
B
null
sciq
sciq_10910
What is destroying the layer of good ozone?
[ "greenhouse gas", "air pollution", "climate change", "water pollution" ]
Unfortunately, the layer of good ozone is being destroyed by air pollution. The chief culprits are chlorine and bromine gases. They are released in aerosol sprays, coolants, and other products. Loss of ozone has created an ozone hole over Antarctica. Ozone depletion results in higher levels of UV radiation reaching Ear...
B
null
sciq
sciq_6944
What property increases as an object's mass increases, making a full box harder to push than an empty one?
[ "weight", "magnetism", "gravity", "inertia" ]
The inertia of an object depends on its mass. Objects with greater mass also have greater inertia. Think how hard it would be to push a big box full of books, like the one in Figure below . Then think how easy it would be to push the box if it was empty. The full box is harder to move because it has greater mass and th...
D
null
sciq
sciq_5685
Which blood leaves the placenta through veins leading back to the fetus?
[ "molecular", "fetal", "immunity", "pelvic" ]
B
null
sciq
sciq_10427
What cage composed of 12 pairs of ribs, with their costal cartilages and the sternum, protects the heart and lungs?
[ "thoracic", "sacral", "cervical", "lumbar" ]
7.4 The Thoracic Cage The thoracic cage protects the heart and lungs. It is composed of 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae. The sternum consists of the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process. The manubrium and body are joined at th...
A
null
sciq
sciq_556
What a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid?
[ "aqua regia", "crystal regia", "sulfate regia", "acidus regia" ]
Aqua regia, a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, is one of the few materials that will dissolve gold. This material, translated to "royal water" in English, was named so because it could dissolve the royal metal gold. First noted in the fourteenth century, aqua regia could be used to help ascertain whether a...
A
null
sciq
sciq_2096
What is the term for the use of radioactive decay to estimate the ages of fossils and rock?
[ "radioactive dating", "isotope test", "radioactive illustrating", "microwave theory" ]
Radioactive dating is the use of radioactive decay to estimate the ages of fossils and rocks. An example is carbon-14 dating.
A
null
sciq
sciq_8287
Layers of fat are formed by what type of tissue?
[ "areolar tissue", "colchis tissue", "adipose tissue", "trypanosome tissue" ]
C
null
sciq
sciq_6835
What gas is expired out of the body during exhalation?
[ "hydrogen", "carbon dioxide", "oxygen", "carbon monoxide" ]
Introduction Breathing is an involuntary event. How often a breath is taken and how much air is inhaled or exhaled are tightly regulated by the respiratory center in the brain. Humans, when they aren’t exerting themselves, breathe approximately 15 times per minute on average. Canines, like the dog in Figure 39.1, have ...
B
null
sciq
sciq_7942
What is the term for the stalk connecting a leaf to a stem?
[ "cuticle", "base", "blades", "petiole" ]
Figure 30.4 Leaves are attached to the plant stem at areas called nodes. An internode is the stem region between two nodes. The petiole is the stalk connecting the leaf to the stem. The leaves just above the nodes arose from axillary buds.
D
null
sciq
sciq_11171
What is located beneath the lithosphere?
[ "magnetosphere", "troposphere", "asthenosphere", "hydropshere" ]
Beneath the lithosphere, the asthenosphere is solid rock that can flow.
C
null
sciq
sciq_1670
What does the second number in a blood pressure reading measure?
[ "epithelial pressure", "diastolic pressure", "optimal pressure", "external pressure" ]
Blood pressure is read as two numbers. The first number is the systolic pressure. The systolic pressure is the pressure on the blood vessels when the heart beats. This is the time when there is the highest pressure in the arteries. The diastolic pressure, which is the second number, is when your blood pressure is lowes...
B
null
sciq
sciq_975
Electrons always result in what?
[ "an contraposition that is larger than the parent atom", "A HYPER-PIGMENTATION THAT IS LARGER THAN THE PARENT ATOM", "an dissociative that is larger than the parent atom", "an anion that is larger than the parent atom" ]
The addition of electrons always results in an anion that is larger than the parent atom. When the electrons outnumber the protons, the overall attractive force that the protons have for the electrons is decreased. The electron cloud also spreads out because more electrons results in greater electron-electron repulsion...
D
null
sciq
sciq_734
What term means opposition to the flow of electric charges that occurs when electric current travels through matter?
[ "diffusion", "resistance", "antagonism", "polarity" ]
Resistance is opposition to the flow of electric charges that occurs when electric current travels through matter. The SI unit of resistance is the ohm (named for the scientist Georg Ohm, whom you can read about below). Resistance is caused by electrons in a current bumping into electrons and ions in the matter through...
B
null
sciq
sciq_7652
What is the multi-phase process in which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides?
[ "Osmosis", "fission", "cytokinesis", "mitosis" ]
Mitosis in the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle. Mitosis is the multi-phase process in which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides.
D
null
sciq
sciq_8401
What normally prevent a positively charged particle from colliding and reacting with a positively charged nucleus, but may be overcome by kinetic energy?.
[ "evaporation repulsions", "toxic repulsion", "electrostatic repulsions", "kinetic repulsions" ]
Bombarding a target of one element with high-energy nuclei or subatomic particles can create new elements. Electrostatic repulsions normally prevent a positively charged particle from colliding and reacting with a positively charged nucleus. If the positively charged particle is moving at a very high speed, however, it...
C
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sciq
sciq_10267
What does the slope of a position-time graph represent?
[ "acceleration", "direction", "velocity", "trajectory" ]
The slope of a position-time graph represents velocity. The steeper the slope is, the faster the motion is changing.
C
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sciq
sciq_9695
Ancient greeks mistook what simple sedentary animals for plants?
[ "fungi", "corals", "parasites", "sponges" ]
D
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sciq
sciq_2341
What can occur when one end of a small diameter tube is immersed in liquid?
[ "transfusion action", "capillary action", "diffusion action", "thermal action" ]
Towels soak up liquids like water because the fibers of a towel are made of molecules that are attracted to water molecules. Most cloth towels are made of cotton, and paper towels are generally made from paper pulp. Both consist of long molecules of cellulose that contain many −OH groups. Water molecules are attracted ...
B
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sciq
sciq_6291
What term is used to describe an unusual sound coming from the heart that is caused by the turbulent flow of blood?
[ "murmur", "music", "whisper", "garble" ]
The term murmur is used to describe an unusual sound coming from the heart that is caused by the turbulent flow of blood. Murmurs are graded on a scale of 1 to 6, with 1 being the most common, the most difficult sound to detect, and the least serious. The most severe is a 6. Phonocardiograms or auscultograms can be use...
A
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sciq
sciq_7500
Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma are all components of what fluid?
[ "brain", "heart", "blood", "Vessals" ]
40.2 Components of the Blood Specific components of the blood include red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and the plasma, which contains coagulation factors and serum. Blood is important for regulation of the body’s pH, temperature, osmotic pressure, the circulation of nutrients and removal of waste, the dis...
C
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sciq
sciq_3116
What natural resource can be damaged by the accumulation of too much salt?
[ "mineral", "sediment", "soil", "forests" ]
Soils may also remain in place but become degraded. Soil is contaminated if too much salt accumulates. Soil can also be contaminated by pollutants.
C
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sciq
sciq_10630
What plays the same role in rotational motion that force plays in linear motion.
[ "frame", "efficiency", "torque", "fulcrum" ]
of pivot point, and so we choose the pivot point to simplify the solution of the problem. Second, the acceleration due to gravity canceled in this problem, and we were left with a ratio of masses. This will not always be the case. Always enter the correct forces—do not jump ahead to enter some ratio of masses. Third, t...
C
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sciq
sciq_5671
What is the term for nutrients the body needs in relatively small amounts, including vitamins and minerals?
[ "trace nutrients", "minor nutrients", "micronutrients", "insignificant nutrients" ]
Nutrients the body needs in relatively small amounts are called micronutrients . They include vitamins and minerals. Vitamins are organic compounds that are needed by the body to function properly. Several vitamins are described in Table below . Vitamins play many roles in good health, ranging from maintaining good vis...
C
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sciq
sciq_1965
Which is the active ingredient of cereal crop disease, ergot?
[ "lysergic acid", "amino acid", "byblis acid", "pixelation acid" ]
Plant Parasites and Pathogens The production of sufficient good-quality crops is essential to human existence. Plant diseases have ruined crops, bringing widespread famine. Many plant pathogens are fungi that cause tissue decay and eventual death of the host (Figure 24.25). In addition to destroying plant tissue direct...
A
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sciq
sciq_3441
What is liquid water falling from the sky called?
[ "evaporation", "clouds", "rain", "snow" ]
C
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sciq
sciq_8620
Structural rearrangements of what include partial duplications, deletions, inversions, and translocations; duplications and deletions often produce offspring that survive but exhibit physical and mental abnormalities?
[ "neutrons", "chromosomes", "cells", "phenotypes" ]
Chromosome Structural Rearrangements Cytologists have characterized numerous structural rearrangements in chromosomes, including partial duplications, deletions, inversions, and translocations. Duplications and deletions often produce offspring that survive but exhibit physical and mental abnormalities. Cri-du-chat (fr...
B
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sciq
sciq_6862
How many alleles control a characteristic?
[ "3", "4", "8", "2" ]
A characteristic may be controlled by one gene with two alleles, but the two alleles may have a different relationship than the simple dominant-recessive relationship that you have read about so far. For example, the two alleles may have a codominant or incompletely dominant relationship. The former is illustrated by t...
D
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sciq
sciq_6759
What type of organisms have internal clocks that regulate cyclic processes?
[ "endogenous", "protozoa", "fungi", "eukaryotic" ]
D
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sciq
sciq_4167
What type of disease is muscular dystrophy?
[ "a wasting disease", "mutation", "contagious disease", "infectious disease" ]
Muscular dystrophy is a term encompassing a variety of muscle wasting diseases. The most common type, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) , affects cardiac and skeletal muscle, as well as some mental functions. DMD is caused by a defective gene for dystrophin, a protein prevalent in skeletal and cardiac muscles. DMD is a...
A
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sciq
sciq_3271
What element is released into the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels?
[ "helium", "sulfur", "carbon", "oxygen" ]
water. Sulfur, critical to the 3–D folding of proteins (as in disulfide binding), is released into the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal. The cycling of these elements is interconnected. For example, the movement of water is critical for the leaching of nitrogen and phosphate into rivers, lakes, a...
B
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sciq
sciq_1356
The active site can only bind certain what?
[ "substrates", "electrons", "proteins", "membranes" ]
The active site is specific for the reactants of the biochemical reaction the enzyme catalyzes. Similar to puzzle pieces fitting together, the active site can only bind certain substrates.
A
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sciq
sciq_10880
What is the first year of life following birth called?
[ "childhood", "toddler", "infancy", "baby" ]
The first year of life after birth is called infancy. During infancy, a baby grows very quickly. The baby’s length typically doubles and her weight triples by her first birthday. Many other important changes also occur during infancy:.
C
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sciq
sciq_5980
A fundamental particle of matter, protons and neutrons are made of these?
[ "atoms", "quarks", "neutrinos", "particles" ]
Protons and neutrons are made up of fundamental particles of matter called quarks. Electrons are another type of fundamental particles of matter called leptons. Bosons are fundamental particles that carry forces between fundamental particles of matter.
B
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sciq
sciq_11573
What is the smallest portion of a crystal lattice?
[ "unit cell", "function cell", "ionic cell", "element cell" ]
A unit cell is the smallest portion of a crystal lattice that shows the three-dimensional pattern of the entire crystal. A crystal can be thought of as the same unit cell repeated over and over in three dimensions. The Figure below illustrates the relationship of a unit cell to the entire crystal lattice.
A
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sciq
sciq_5475
The lunar landscape is covered by craters caused by what?
[ "asteroid impacts", "volcanoes", "earth impacts", "water" ]
The landscape of the Moon - its surface features - is very different from Earth. The lunar landscape is covered by craters caused by asteroid impacts ( Figure below ). The craters are bowl-shaped basins on the Moon’s surface. Because the Moon has no water, wind, or weather, the craters remain unchanged.
A
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sciq
sciq_5390
What term is used to describe a cross between two individuals that have different traits?
[ "assimilation", "purebreed", "fraternization", "hybridization" ]
Mendel first worked with plants that differed in a single characteristic, such as flower color. A hybridization is a cross between two individuals that have different traits. A hybridization in which only one characteristic is examined is called a monohybrid cross . The offspring of such a cross are called monohybrids....
D
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sciq
sciq_631
Compared to others, what type of liquid has a relatively high surface tension and heat capacity?
[ "blood", "wine", "oil", "water" ]
Compared to other liquids, water has a relatively high surface tension and heat capacity. Both of these properties are partially a result of the strong hydrogen bonds that hold water molecules together.
D
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sciq
sciq_1953
What do the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract do?
[ "keep food moving", "break down food", "secrete stomach acid", "stop digestion" ]
Organs of the GI tract are covered by muscles that contract to keep food moving along. A series of involuntary muscle contractions moves rapidly along the tract, like a wave travelling through a spring toy. The muscle contractions are called peristalsis. The diagram in Figure below shows how peristalsis works.
A
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