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{ "retrieved": [ "Kuguzade Suleyman Pasha Kuguzade Suleyman Pasha was appointed by Sultan Selim III as the governor of Trabzon state in 1791. The Sultan's order was received after the critical loss of Anapa Fortress to Russians, which was regarded as the gate to Caucasus for the Ottomans, in 1791 and also the deterioration of the public order. The governor responsible of the loss of Anapa was Sari Abdullah Pasha, and the Ottoman Sultan Selim requested his execution to Kuguzade Suleyman Pasha. Then, Sari Abdullah Pasha was trapped and executed in Erzurum by Kuguzade in the same year. During the rule of Kuguzade, public order was achieved again, and further attacks to Russians were managed. Today, his grave still can be seen in the family graveyard of Kugu & Kuguoglu family in Cavuslu town of Trabzon, located as adjacent to Black Sea Highway. His Ottoman Style impressive gravestone, after having endured the many looting attempts, still worthwhile to see. Kuguzade Suleyman Pasha Kuguzade Suleyman Pasha was appointed by Sultan Selim III as the governor of Trabzon state in 1791. The Sultan's order was received after the critical loss of Anapa Fortress to Russians, which was regarded as the gate to Caucasus for the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Latent variable In statistics, latent variables (from Latin: present participle of \"lateo\" (“lie hidden”), as opposed to observable variables), are variables that are not directly observed but are rather inferred (through a mathematical model) from other variables that are observed (directly measured). Mathematical models that aim to explain observed variables in terms of latent variables are called latent variable models. Latent variable models are used in many disciplines, including psychology, demography, economics, engineering, medicine, physics, machine learning/artificial intelligence, bioinformatics, natural language processing, econometrics, management and the social sciences. Sometimes latent variables correspond to aspects of physical reality, which could in principle be measured, but may not be for practical reasons. In this situation, the term hidden variables is commonly used (reflecting the fact that the variables are \"really there\", but hidden). Other times, latent variables correspond to abstract concepts, like categories, behavioral or mental states, or data structures. The terms hypothetical variables or hypothetical constructs may be used in these situations. One advantage of using latent variables is that they can serve to reduce the dimensionality of data. A large number of observable variables can be aggregated in a model to represent an underlying concept, making it easier to understand the data. In this sense, they serve a function similar to that of scientific theories. At the same time, latent variables link observable (\"sub-symbolic\") data in the real world to symbolic data in the modeled world. Latent variables, as created by factor analytic methods, generally represent \"shared\" variance, or the degree to which variables \"move\" together. Variables that have no correlation cannot result in a latent construct based on the common factor model. Examples of latent variables from the field of economics include quality of life, business confidence, morale, happiness and conservatism: these are all variables which cannot be measured directly. But linking these latent variables to other, observable variables, the values of the latent variables can be inferred from measurements of the observable variables. Quality of life is a latent variable which cannot be measured directly so observable variables are used to infer quality of life. Observable variables to measure quality of life include wealth, employment, environment, physical and mental health, education, recreation and leisure time, and social belonging. Bayesian statistics is often used for inferring latent variables. Latent variable In statistics, latent variables (from Latin: present participle of \"lateo\" (“lie hidden”), as opposed to observable variables), are variables" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Judgement Day (album) Judgement Day is the second studio album by Esham. On June 6, 2006, a \"Judgement Day\" box set was released, containing both original volumes and previously unreleased material. Reel Life Productions founder and Esham's brother James Smith decided that Esham should record a double album following the release of Prince's \"Love Symbol Album\". Smith thought that if an R&B artist could record a double album, a rapper should record a double album. However, it is not the first double album in hip hop, as previously DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince released \"He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper\", which was a double album in its original vinyl configuration. While the lyrical content of \"Judgement Day\" is similar to that of Esham's debut, \"Boomin' Words from Hell\", the music features a heavier use of rock samples. The album's rock-based sound influenced rap rock artists such as Kid Rock. \"Judgement Day\" was released separately in two volumes, \"Day\" and \"Night\", on April 9, 1992. On June 6, 2006, a \"Judgement Day\" box set was released, featuring both original volumes remastered, two volumes of previously unreleased material, the exclusive album \"Martyr City\", an illustrated booklet with a short autobiography written by Esham detailing the days of the original \"Judgement Day\" release as well as a background story for \"Martyr City\", a live concert DVD, deluxe packaging and a Certificate of Authenticity. Allmusic's Jason Birchmeier wrote that \"Judgement Day, Vol. 1\" \"may not be his most well-crafted work, but it certainly stands as his most inspired work of the '90s\", while \"Vol. 2\" \"isn't quite as strong as the first volume, suffering mostly from a number of weak tracks [...] the first volume doesn't rely quite so much on cheap shock, instead focusing on evocative horror motifs, making \"Judgement Day, Vol. 2\" the less important of the two.\" Judgement Day (album) Judgement Day is the second studio album by Esham. On June 6, 2006, a \"Judgement Day\" box set was released, containing both original volumes and previously unreleased material. Reel Life Productions founder and Esham's brother James Smith decided that Esham should record a double album following the release of Prince's \"Love Symbol Album\". Smith thought that if an R&B artist could record a double album, a rapper should record a double album. However, it is not the first double album in hip hop, as previously DJ Jazzy Jeff &" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Ian McDougall (geologist) Ian McDougall (born 1935 in Hobart) is an Australian geologist and geochemist. McDougall studied at the University of Tasmania and Australian National University, before taking up a research position at ANU. He is a Fellow of the Geological Society of America, the Australian Academy of Science, and the American Geophysical Union. McDougall has also served as Vice President of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior. McDougall's research areas include plate tectonics and geochronology. He has been described as \"one of Australia's most internationally distinguished earth scientists,\" and was awarded the Centenary Medal in 2001. Ian McDougall (geologist) Ian McDougall (born 1935 in Hobart) is an Australian geologist and geochemist. McDougall studied at the University of Tasmania and Australian National University, before taking up a research position at ANU. He is a Fellow of the Geological Society of America, the Australian Academy of Science, and the American Geophysical Union. McDougall has also served as Vice President of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior. McDougall's research areas include plate tectonics and geochronology. He has been described as \"one of Australia's most internationally distinguished earth scientists,\" and was awarded the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Kamie Crawford Kameran \"Kamie\" Crawford (born October 25, 1992) is an American actress, TV host, model and beauty queen who was crowned Miss Teen USA 2010 on July 24, 2010 at the Atlantis Paradise Island Resort in the Bahamas. Upon being crowned, Crawford won a $100,000 scholarship, trips, clothes, and got to share a New York City apartment with Donald Trump's other titleholders – Ximena Navarrete, Miss Universe and Rima Fakih, Miss USA – for a year. Kamie Crawford won the Miss Maryland Teen USA 2010 title on November 1, 2009, competing in her first pageant. Crawford spent 5 months training for the Miss Maryland Teen USA pageant and decided to enter after a talk with her friend. \"I decided to enter the Miss Maryland Teen USA pageant after a friend, who had competed two years before me, encouraged me to take part. She thought I would be successful and have fun. After winning the state pageant, the winner represents the state at the national competition, Miss Teen USA,\" she said. She also won the Miss Photogenic award. She had been trained by LauRen Merola, Miss Pennsylvania USA 2008. On July 24, 2010, Crawford represented Maryland in the Miss Teen USA 2010 pageant where she made history by being the first contestant from Maryland to win the title. Contestants in the Miss Teen USA 2010 contest from 50 states and the District of Columbia competed in three categories: swimsuit, evening gown and interview during the pageant. The pageant was co-hosted by NBC's \"Entertainment Buzz\", Seth Goldman and Miss USA 2008, Crystle Stewart and webcast live streamed to a worldwide audience at www.missteenusa.com and at www.seventeen.com. The panel of judges included: Chuck LaBella, Emmy-nominated producer associated with shows such as \"The Celebrity Apprentice\" and \"Last Comic Standing\"; Fred Nelson, President of People's Choice and oversees the People's Choice Awards; Michelle Malcolm, President of Michelle Malcolm and Associates and producer of the Miss Bahamas Beauty Pageant; Chet Buchanan, radio and television personality, creator and host of Las Vegas' top-rated radio show \"Chet Buchanan & The Morning Zoo\"; Heather Kerzner, Ambassador of Kerzner International; and Eva Chen, Beauty and Health Director, Teen Vogue. In October 2016, Crawford tweeted that while at the pageant, she was warned that pageant owner \"Mr. [Donald] Trump doesn't like black people. So don't take it...\" She stated, \"Luckily for me - I was the \"type\" of black he liked.\" Crawford is the daughter of Victor and Carla Crawford and is the oldest of five girls, Victoria, Karynton, and twins, Kenadi and Kendal. She is of a diverse background, which includes Jamaican, German, Irish, Cuban, Indian, and African-American ancestry. She is also fluent in three languages, including Spanish and Patois. Kamie enjoys computers and technology, and credits designing websites as one of her hobbies. She also enjoys modeling, makeup artistry, and shopping. Kamie's favorite musical artist is Beyoncé because she’s \"so beautiful and a talented, smart businesswoman.\" Crawford graduated from Winston Churchill High School in Potomac, Maryland in 2010 where she was captain of the varsity cheerleading team. Prior to winning Miss Teen USA, Kamie was selected into the medical program for the Congressional Student Leadership Conference at Georgetown University. In September 2010, Crawford enrolled in classes at the New York Film Academy while taking some core classes at a local college. She graduated from Fordham University in 2015 and hopes to pursue a career in television and hosting. Crawford signed with JAG Models in 2013. Kamie Crawford Kameran \"Kamie\" Crawford (born October 25, 1992) is an American actress, TV host, model and beauty queen who was crowned Miss" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Kenton Bar Kenton Bar is a housing estate, that is part of Kenton Ward in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. It is situated immediately west of North Kenton and to the north of Cragston Park and Cowgate. The estate was designed by the Ryder and Yates architectural practice. All buildings have a distinctive flat roof design. Many have white or cream walls, which in many cases owe their colour to crushed sea-shells attached to the rendering while it was still wet. Construction of the estate began shortly after 1966 and comprises terraced houses, bungalows, and flats. The estate is roughly crescent-shaped and surrounds the western and northern sides of Kenton School's playing fields. Hazeldene Avenue runs around the outer perimeter of the estate and, at both ends, provides the estate's only vehicular access and egress. Ryal Walk, Studdon Walk and Hartburn Walk are the main pedestrian thoroughfares, running along the inner side of the \"crescent\". The estate was designed in such a way that almost every pair of dwellings on the estate, apart from the single terrace of town-houses on the southern side of Hazeldene Avenue near its junction with Kenton Lane, is linked by a pedestrian route, without the need to cross any road. The Newcastle Western Bypass, part of the A1, runs along the north-western edge of the estate and is separated from Hazeldene Avenue by a fence and earth embankment. The estate is home to Kenton Bar Primary School. There is also a small shopping centre which over the years has included an off licence, news agent, general store, hairdresser's salon and fish-and-chip shop. In previous years there existed a doctor's surgery (destroyed by fire) adjacent to the shops, and in the late 1980s and early 1990s a community centre existed in a portable building next to the shops. The estate has never had a public house. The nearest pub to the southern end of the estate was called The Kenton Bar, but was renamed to The Crofter's Lodge in the late 1980s and was demolished in 2011. The estate was constructed between 1966 and 1968. It had one famous landmark called the Kenton Bar Pyramid or, less formally, the \"Pyrry\", which was located in the estate's shopping centre at Mallowburn Crescent. The pyramid was about 7 metres tall, constructed of reinforced concrete, in classic Egyptian proportions, and faced with ceramic mosaic tiles. Next to the pyramid was a water channel. The water feature was designed to pump water from underneath the pyramid and along the channel, to a waterfall. The council had intended to build a second parade of shops underneath the Reestones Place flats, the two sets of shops being linked by a ramp and a flight of steps either side of the pyramid. The Reestones Place shops were never built, as a result of which the block of flats has no ground floor (other than access stairwells) and is supported only by pillars and load-bearing walls. The Pyramid's water feature was prone to blockages, causing failure of the pumping mechanism. By the early 1970s the local authority had ceased repairing it. Local children and teenagers quickly discovered that they could climb the pyramid by rubbing tar onto the soles of their shoes. Tar was readily available because the council, as the main (and initially the only) landlord, had a rolling programme of repairing the estate's flat roofs. In the early 1990s, the Pyramid, together with the ramp and the adjacent concreted areas and walls opposite the shops and the Reestones Place flats, were demolished, and replaced by a gently-sloping landscaped area. The estate was provided with a garage for every property , including flats and bungalows. From 1991 onward, a number of garages were demolished, because many garages, located up to 200 metres from the flats or houses to which they were linked, had become derelict and vandalised. These circumstances arose because many residents did not own cars and therefore had no need of a garage. As a consequence, the council demolished a number of contiguous blocks of garages and landscaped these areas, reallocating the remaining garages only to tenants who expressed an intention to use them. Kenton Bar Estate has 18 street names in total, as follows: Hazeldene Avenue; Fawlee Green; Ryal Walk; Apperley Avenue; Beal Green; Byrness Close; Mallowburn Crescent; Studdon Walk; Hartburn Walk; Reestones Place; Hazeley Grove; Hazeley Way; Thirston Way; Laverock Place; Fourstones Close; Dunnykirk Avenue; Eland Close; Gunnerston Grove. Studdon Walk was originally named Broomlee Walk but was renamed because of confusion with an existing street, Broomley Walk, in the nearby district of Gosforth. Kenton Bar Kenton Bar is a housing estate, that is part of Kenton Ward in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. It is situated immediately west of North Kenton and to the north of Cragston Park and Cowgate." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Matias Shikondomboro Matias Shikondomboro (born in Kavango, Namibia) was the first Kavango native to be ordained a Lutheran pastor. Shikondomboro came to the Finnish mission station of Nkurenkuru in early 1930 to work as an assistant in the mission kitchen under the leadership of Aatu Järvineva. He converted to Christianity a few years later, and in 1935 he was sent to the seminary in Oniipa, Ovamboland, where he studied to become a teacher. Having finished the teacher training, he returned to Kavango, and worked as a teacher and evangelist. In 1942, he was ordained into priesthood, after which he continued to work in Kavango. Shikondomboro is known to have visited Finland on at least one occasion. He is the author of the book \"Ken kulkee hän näkee. Noidan pojasta papiksi\" (‘Who travels, he sees. From the son of a witch to a pastor’), published in Finnish in 1965. Matias Shikondomboro Matias Shikondomboro (born in Kavango, Namibia) was the first Kavango native to be ordained a Lutheran pastor. Shikondomboro came to the Finnish mission station of Nkurenkuru in early 1930 to work as an assistant in the mission kitchen under the leadership of Aatu Järvineva. He converted to Christianity a few" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Radiant Historia Radiant Historia is a role-playing video game co-developed by Atlus and Headlock for the Nintendo DS. It was released in Japan in 2010 by Atlus, and in North America in 2011 by their subsidiary Atlus USA. An expanded remake for the Nintendo 3DS, titled \"Radiant Historia: Perfect Chronology\", was released in 2017 in Japan and released in North America and Europe the following year, with the European version being published by Deep Silver. The game is set on Vainqueur, a continent divided between the warring nations of Alistel and Granorg. Alistel soldier Stocke is chosen to wield the White Chronicle, a tome capable of navigating multiple timelines, so he may prevent Vainqueur's desertification. Stocke and his party explore Vainqueur, fighting enemies on a grid-based battlefield using a turn-based system. Travelling between alternate timelines is a key part of both the storyline and the gameplay, with the number of potential timelines unlocked influencing the ending. \"Radiant Historia\" was developed by a team with staff drawn from both Atlus' \"Megami Tensei\" series, including Mitsuru Hirata in his debut as director, and Satoshi Takayashiki and artist Hiroshi Konishi from the tri-Ace title \"Radiata Stories\". First proposed by Satoshi Takayashiki in 2007, the base concept underwent several changes due to suggestions from Atlus staff. The remake included redrawn artwork, voice acting, an additional story path, and an animated opening produced by A-1 Pictures. The music for both versions was composed by Yoko Shimomura, with the theme songs being performed by Haruka Shimotsuki. Reception and sales for both versions have been positive. \"Radiant Historia\" is a role-playing video game set in a fantasy steampunk world and following a group of characters traveling across the war-torn continent of Vainqueur. The game's environments are explored from a top-down perspective, with different zones opening up during the course of the narrative. These self-contained environments are accessed using a world map, and can then be freely explored. Within these environments following the game's opening mission, the main character Stocke can manipulate boxes to clear paths and solve puzzles, in addition to other elements such as destructible objects and treasure chests containing consumables or items such as armor and weapons. A key part of \"Radiant Historia\" is navigating a series of branching stories spread across alternate timelines using a book called the White Chronicle. Given to main protagonist Stocke during the game's opening, it is used to travel between different timelines during the course of the story. After its first use, the Historia can be accessed at special points scattered through the game world. Following a key choice within the story, there are two main timelines and numerous smaller branches from those timelines. Several events within one timeline can only be completed using information or items gathered from the alternate timeline. Events in both timelines are recorded in a journal that can be accessed through the party menu. Aside from points where the story dictates the player's action, navigating the timelines is a non-linear process. Story segments within each timeline, called \"nodes\", are color-coded depending on its content; brown nodes are chapters of the main story, blue boxes are events in which the player can make a choice which creates new paths in the timeline and can be revisited to take a different path, and dark boxes indicate a node with a bad ending or no way to continue the narrative. Experience points and currency earned in battles are carried over between timelines. Events across each timeline are tied to side quests the player can complete. While there are multiple endings depending on the path taken by the player, there are only two canon endings; the standard version, and an extended version unlocked by completing all side quests. Enemies, represented by sprites, are visible while exploring environments. Running into them will trigger a battle, but Stocke can stun them with his sword and avoid battle. A cloaking ability unlocked later in the game enables the party to slip by enemies unseen. Battles take place in a separate arena area after battle is triggered, with the battle itself and turn order information being displayed respectively on the bottom and top screen. There is an auto-battle function, where the party will automatically perform basic attacks. Successfully defeating the enemy party rewards the player party with money and experience points which level up the party members, giving them higher statistics such as raised health and more powerful attacks. The arena is divided between Stocke's three-person party and the enemy group. The battlefield itself is laid out on a 3x3 grid, with enemy units being positioned in different squares of the grid, with some enemy types taking up multiple squares. The player party's position is fixed, but enemy units can use their turn to change position on the grid. The battle system itself is turn-based, with each unit on either side being given a chance to perform an action. Rather than each unit acting once an action is decided, each action is queued once selected, and when all actions are selected the two sides perform their actions. The type of actions an enemy unit can perform depends upon their position on the grid; enemies positioned further back have weaker attack power and strong defence, while those at the front will receive more damage while having a higher attack power. The player party can use specific actions to knock enemy units onto different squares of the grid, which can send enemies into prepared traps, or group enemies into a single square. When the latter happens, attacking the unit within that square using either standard or combination attacks will damage all units. Once the player turn ends, enemy units return to their original positions on the grid. Chaining attacks together increases their effectiveness, which in turn grants a greater reward at the end of a battle. Both sides are able to use the \"Change\" mechanic. Using this mechanic, unit's place in the action queue can be shifted to another point in the queue, allowing them to take more actions than might otherwise be possible. Using the Change command causes a unit to take more damage until their action is completed. Other actions related to the Change command include erasing an enemy's upcoming turn and switching out the player party's unit turns. \"Radiant Historia\" is set on the continent of Vainqueur, a land populated by humans and Beastribes. Once ruled by an ancient empire, it is now divided between the warring kingdoms of Alistel and Granorg; the root of the war stems from Alistel's belief that Granorg is responsible for the spread of the Sand Plague, a magical illness which drains living beings of their Mana energy and turns them to sand—the desertification of the continent is spreading, further inflaming the conflict. Stocke, an espionage agent for Alistel, is sent by his superior Heiss on a mission with mercenaries Raynie and Marco to escort a spy back to Alistel's capital; before leaving, Stocke is given a book called the \"White Chronicle\" by Heiss. The group are ambushed by Granorg troops, with only a severely wounded Stocke escaping. He is drawn into Historia, a realm divorced from time, and told by its overseers Teo and Lippti that he can use the White Chronicle to alter events. Stocke makes the mission a success, saving Raynie and Marco along the way. Over the course of his adventure, Stocke follows two different timelines; one where he remains under Heiss, and one where he becomes part of a military unit led by his friend Roche. He uses skills acquired in each timeline to proceed further in each role, while also interacting with the Beastmen tribes, particularly the young shaman Aht and the sympathetic warrior Gafka. During his travels, someone wielding the Black Chronicle—a", "is given a book called the \"White Chronicle\" by Heiss. The group are ambushed by Granorg troops, with only a severely wounded Stocke escaping. He is drawn into Historia, a realm divorced from time, and told by its overseers Teo and Lippti that he can use the White Chronicle to alter events. Stocke makes the mission a success, saving Raynie and Marco along the way. Over the course of his adventure, Stocke follows two different timelines; one where he remains under Heiss, and one where he becomes part of a military unit led by his friend Roche. He uses skills acquired in each timeline to proceed further in each role, while also interacting with the Beastmen tribes, particularly the young shaman Aht and the sympathetic warrior Gafka. During his travels, someone wielding the Black Chronicle—a twin to the White Chronicle—is trying to interfere with his efforts. In both timelines he aids and is aided by Granorg's princess Eruca, who is capable of performing a ritual to stop the Sand Plague consuming Vainqueur with a sacrificed human soul. He also learns that Hugo, a prominent religious leader of Alistel, has formed a pact with Granorg to depose its ruling queen Protea and is manipulating the war for his own ends; and that Heiss is acting for his own agenda, playing both sides against each other, and has intimate knowledge of the White Chronicle. In both timelines, Stocke successfully overthrows Protea and defeats Hugo. Heiss then reveals that the ritual's sacrifices are Granorg royalty who are resurrected using part of another person's soul, then killed again to reunite the soul and stabilize Vainqueur's mana, slowing the Sand Plague. Stocke is revealed to be the intended sacrifice, Eruca's brother resurrected and given a part of Eruca's soul. Heiss, believing the ritual and the sacrifice's suffering to be pointless, intends to let the Sand Plague consume Vainqueur; he abducted Stocke, gave him his present identity, and has been using the Black Chronicle to try and show Stocke the futility of the sacrifice's mission. From Heiss and Teo and Lippti, Stocke learns that the Sand Plague was caused by a runaway spell intended to stabilize the world's mana and ensure the prosperity of the ancient empire. The empire's surviving royalty created the Black and White Chronicle to facilitate the ritual, allowing the Sacrifice to see hope in the future while the Caster meditated on the past; Teo and Lippti are the remnants of the sorcerer who created the Chronicles. Heiss was the intended Sacrifice, but escaped with the Black Chronicle, which ingrained his fatalistic views. After thwarting Heiss' attempts to change history in his favor, Heiss transports the party to Historia, fusing with the souls of past sacrifices to become the monster Apocrypha; Stocke and his party defeat Heiss while destroying Apocrypha. In the normal ending, Stocke willingly becomes the sacrifice, allowing the ritual's completion and delaying the Sand Plague's advance. In the true ending—unlocked by completing all events across the game—Heiss willingly becomes the sacrifice in Stocke's place upon seeing Stocke's unshaken faith in the future, allowing Stocke to return to the world and live a full life. The other characters work to help Vainqueur rebuild, including beginning research into ways of stabilizing mana which will negate the ritual and the need for sacrifices. The expanded storyline of \"Perfect Chronology\" has Stocke interacting with a woman named Nemesia aboard a ship existing outside time; collecting artifacts, Stocke helps Nemesia bring together a third magical book dubbed the Red Chronicle with the aim of stopping the desertification. Once all the artifacts are retrieved, Stocke journeys to before Heiss's sacrifice and persuading him to lend the power of the Black Chronicle, Stocke reunites with the group and Nemesia. Nemesia reveals that the desertification is caused by a Mana-consuming entity dubbed the Singularity, created by the Empire's experiments on Nemesia's secret lover Rhodan when creating the Chronicles. Using the three Chronicles' combined powers, the party destroy the Singularity, negating the need for the sacrifice. Nemesia chooses to stay with the comatose Rhodan outside time. In their own world, the characters settle down to normal lives, with Stocke and Heiss parting as friends. Nemesia and Rhodan—who is beginning to recover from his coma—are brought into the real world by Stocke using a newly-generated artifact from the Red Chronicle. \"Radiant Historia\" was co-developed by Atlus, a company best known for the \"Megami Tensei\" and \"Etrian Odyssey\" series, and Japanese studio Headlock. Staff members had worked on both \"\" and \"Radiata Stories\", a 2005 PlayStation 2 role-playing game developed by tri-Ace and published by Square Enix. From \"Radiata Stories\", original concept designer Satoshi Takayashiki acted as co-director and concept designer, while artist Hiroshi Konishi reprised his role as character designer. Co-director for Atlus was Mitsuru Hirata, who had previously worked as a battle and field planner for multiple \"Megami Tensei\" titles. \"Radiant Historia\" was his debut as a director. Field planner Tatsuya Watanabe, battle planner Sawao Kato, event planner Kenichi Takamori, and programmer Daisuke Yajima had all worked on earlier \"Megami Tensei\" titles; Watanabe and Takamori both worked on \"Strange Journey\". The lead 2D and 3D designers were Tomohiro Okuno and Yasuko Sumiya respectively. The concept for \"Radiant Historia\" was created by Takayashiki, who first pitched his proposal to Atlus in 2007. His initial concept was for a traditional RPG people would enjoy. Atlus was chosen due to Takayashiki's admiration for their past work. While the concept of the 3x3 grid-based battle system was conceived by Takayashiki in the initial proposal, many of the additional elements related to skills were contributed by Atlus staff. According to Hirata, Atlus were intrigued at the collaboration as \"Radiant Historia\" was the type of project that would not have appeared within the company. When designing the gameplay, the Atlus staff kept the basic proposal intact while streamlining through refining the mechanics and simplifying sprite animations to quicken the pace of standard battles. The enemy AI was also adjusted to be less punishing while adding field actions to give players an advantage. The time-travel element caused problems for the team as they worked out how to depict the White Chronicle as a game mechanic, while also putting in frequent text updates so players would not forget the story despite the game's place on the portable Nintendo DS meaning interruptions were likely. Atlus later described \"Radiant Historia\" as their most challenging development for the DS platform. Originally hinted at by a trademark in March 2010, \"Radiant Historia\" was officially announced in July of that year. As reported by Japanese magazine \"Famitsu\", the game was 80% complete at that point. The game released in Japan on November 3, 2010. A North American release was first announced in November 2010, localized and published by Atlus' North American branch Atlus USA. Localization efforts for the game began in August 2010, with a large team including four translators for just the game's text. Editing of text was handled by Nich Maragos, Scott Strichart, Mike Meeker and Clayton Chan, while the QA team was led by Richard Rodrigues. During their editing sessions, Maragos and Strichart both alternated between different chapters and kept in constant communication to ensure character dialogue remained consistent. The English script's tone was inspired \"Queen & Country\", a comic series written by Greg Rucka. Speaking in 2015, Maragos later remembered \"Radiant Historia\" as his favorite localization up to that point, citing it as far easier than the majority of other titles he had worked on. The game released in North America on February 22, 2011. The game became a rarity following its release, with", "in August 2010, with a large team including four translators for just the game's text. Editing of text was handled by Nich Maragos, Scott Strichart, Mike Meeker and Clayton Chan, while the QA team was led by Richard Rodrigues. During their editing sessions, Maragos and Strichart both alternated between different chapters and kept in constant communication to ensure character dialogue remained consistent. The English script's tone was inspired \"Queen & Country\", a comic series written by Greg Rucka. Speaking in 2015, Maragos later remembered \"Radiant Historia\" as his favorite localization up to that point, citing it as far easier than the majority of other titles he had worked on. The game released in North America on February 22, 2011. The game became a rarity following its release, with Atlus issueing a reprint in 2012 due to fan demand. \"Radiant Historia\" was not released in Europe. The setting and world were created by Takayashiki, who consulted extensively with Konishi. The main writer was Yoh Haduki, who had previously written the scenarios for \"\" and \"Growlanser Wayfarer of Time\". Additional writers were Souzou Tonami and Kazuhito Okayama. Takayashiki's initial idea was for a historical drama featuring alternate timelines, which Konishi said would require an extensive cast. While nothing else had been decided, Takayashiki was already toying with the idea of incorporating time travel. An early idea was to incorporate the theme of immortality, which resulted in the main protagonist being an ageless sword rather than a living being. Following talks with Atlus, Takayashiki was persuaded to make the protagonist a human time traveler. Their consultation also altered Takayashiki's original ending concept of a ruined world. Takayashiki initially planned for sixteen endings across four different countries, but Atlus convinced him that this was impossible. He managed to preserve the branching narrative by cutting down the number of countries by half, and creating the Alternate timeline. Creating the alternate timeline caused problems during the later writing stages. The narrative retained the air of a historical drama from Takayashiki original proposal, creating a storyline where no-one was explicitly right or wrong. The game's title was created by Atlus staff: \"\"Radiant\"\" referred to Stocke's mission across time to restore the world's light, while \"\"Historia\"\" came from the word \"History\". It was one of many suggested titles carrying a similar meaning. When creating the branching timelines, Takayashiki used a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to map out and keep track of the various timelines. The initial story was written in two months, but due to alterations and necessary adjustments to adjoining timelines, in addition to removing two of the proposed countries, it took six months to complete the final story and dialogue. Konishi designed all the main characters with a distinctive silhouette for players to identify. Based on input from Atlus staff, Konishi refined his initial draft designs. Both Stocke and Eruca were originally meant to be supporting characters, as at the time the protagonist was still to be a sword. After consulting with Atlus, the characters were made the main protagonists. Stocke was originally a plain-looking assassin dressed completely in black, described by Konishi as an amalgamation of typical \"cool\" game character traits. When he became the main character, Konishi changed his main color to red, reworked his hair so it did not cover his eyes, and made his uniform more militaristic. While it was considered to allow the player to rename Stocke, the team decided against it after multiple readthroughs of the script. Eruca was the first character Konishi designed, and proved problematic as he had trouble deciding what type of clothing she would wear. She was intended to have long hair typical of princess characters, but was given short hair based on hardware restrictions and the wish to convey a unique look. A different change was Stocke's initial supporting characters Raynie and Marco. Stocke was originally going to be accompanied by two expendable generic units, but as Hirata saw this would negatively impact the player experience, the new characters were added; they were designed to be contrasting personalities who would liven up the party during the opening segments. The character Roche went through multiple redesigns during development, while Gafka was intended to leave an impression on players. The Beastkind designs reflected their in-world status as people of the forest. Several early Beastkind concepts were combined into those seen in the final game. \"Radiant Historia: Perfect Chronology\", an expanded remake of the original game for Nintendo 3DS, began development in 2016 following the completion of \"Tokyo Mirage Sessions ♯FE\", which Hirata directed. A remake of \"Radiant Historia\" was originally in production for a different portable platform, the PlayStation Vita, but Hirata's commitment to \"Tokyo Mirage Sessions ♯FE\" caused the project to be put on hold. When development on \"Tokyo Mirage Sessions ♯FE\" was completed, development resumed. In the time that had passed, the 3DS's userbase had grown to a far larger size than the Vita, resulting in development being shifted to it instead. Hirata had long wanted to return to the universe of \"Radiant Historia\", and after completing \"Tokyo Mirage Sessions ♯FE\" talked with Atlus and learned that \"Radiant Historia\" had a strong following both in Japan and overseas, prompting Atlus to agree to a remake. Hirata returned to the remake as producer. The character art was redrawn by Masaki Hirooka, whose previous work includes \"\". His most notable redesign was Eruca, who was given long hair as originally planned to better fit her character as a princess. The anime opening was created by A-1 Pictures. Hirata's main goals were to update the game so that it would appeal to a modern gaming audience, with these involving increasing gameplay speed and adjusting the user interface. After that he decided to create a new scenario, discussing with staff how to implement it. Haduki, who had worked as the scenario writer on the original release, returned to write the new scenario based on Hirata's original concept. Hirata wanted to restore the original game's two discarded story routes, but instead opted for preserving the established scenario. A new gameplay mechanic was the \"Support Skill\" system, where characters could perform follow-up attacks, a system inspired by a similar mechanic in \"Tokyo Mirage Sessions ♯FE\". The remake was released in Japan on June 29, 2017. It released February 13, 2018 in North America, published by Atlus, and February 16, 2018 in Europe, published by Deep Silver. Downloadable content, composed of both battle challenges and additional narratives, were released in the months following the game's Japanese and Western releases respectively. The music for \"Radiant Historia\" was written by Yoko Shimomura, a composer best known for her work on the \"Kingdom Hearts\" series and \"Legend of Mana\". Shimomura acted as sole composer and arranger for the score. She was first contacted about working on the project via email, and while she initially thought it a prank was shocked when she realized the email was real. When creating the score, Shimomura used her usual technique of matching the score to imagery provided by the production team. Due to the game's themes of time travel and its darker side, the score was predominantly sombre in tone. As the game was unconnected to any previous intellectual property, Shimomura found composing the score far easier than most of her other projects. The first track Shimomura created for the score were the Alistel theme \"Mechanical Kingdom\" and the narrative theme \"Where the Wind and Feathers Return\". The battle theme \"Blue Radiance\" was a track Shimomura took time over as she did not want it to grow repetitive due to its placement alongside the most common", "via email, and while she initially thought it a prank was shocked when she realized the email was real. When creating the score, Shimomura used her usual technique of matching the score to imagery provided by the production team. Due to the game's themes of time travel and its darker side, the score was predominantly sombre in tone. As the game was unconnected to any previous intellectual property, Shimomura found composing the score far easier than most of her other projects. The first track Shimomura created for the score were the Alistel theme \"Mechanical Kingdom\" and the narrative theme \"Where the Wind and Feathers Return\". The battle theme \"Blue Radiance\" was a track Shimomura took time over as she did not want it to grow repetitive due to its placement alongside the most common type of battle. For the boss theme \"The Edge of Green\", she added a sense of weight using a pipe organ. The use of pipe organ was also included to appeal to fans of her music from earlier projects. Shimomura created twenty-five tracks, mainly using an orchestral style, with some tracks also utilizing pop music instruments or folk elements. The track number was double what she planned, resulting in her tunes going over the console's music file limits. The game used software developed by CRI Middleware for the sound and music environment. The main theme \"Historia\" was a vocal theme—an inclusion insisted upon by Shimomura—and was performed by Haruka Shimotsuki. Shimomura's aim was to create an \"emotionally heartrending song with a good tempo, but with parts that were both calm and graceful\", resulting in her use of acoustic guitar, violin and accordion, alongside incorporating light piano into the entire track. Shimomura brought in Shimotsuki as they had met a few years before over choral work for another project. As the song required six voice tracks to be overlaid, Shimotsuki needed to sing a lot, but needed little to no direction from Shimomura about how to portray the song. The violin was performed by Ayako Ishikawa, while the guitar work was by Hideyuki Yonekawa. The official soundtrack album, \"Radiant Historia Original Soundtrack\", was released through Team Entertainment on December 15, 2010. Critical reception of the album was positive among music critics. The game's reviewers also praised Shimomura's work. Atlus produced a CD containing five piano arrangements of tracks from the game, including a piano rendition of \"Historia\". Titled \"Radiant Historia: Piano Selection\", it released alongside the game for the first printing. The piano collection was suggested by Shimomura by Atlus. The core concept was for the tracks to be calm and soothing even if their original forms were more energetic. The tracks were arranged for piano by Sachiko Miyano and performed by Febian Reza Pane. The recording sessions were produced and supervised by Shimomura. Reaction to the piano album was generally negative. Shimomura returned as composer for \"Perfect Chronology\". In addition to keeping the original score, Shimomura composed a number of new tracks. The soundtrack featured all the old and new music, in addition to arranged versions of multiple tracks including the original theme song \"Historia\". A notable addition was the new opening theme \"Falling Flower, Flowing Water\", which featured in the opening anime cutscene. Shimomura wrote both the music and the lyrics, while Shimotsuki returned as the singer. The 2-CD soundtrack album, titled \"Radiant Historia: Perfect Chronology Original Soundtrack\", is set for release on July 26, 2017 through Team Entertainment. A version of the soundtrack also came bundled with the game's Japanese \"Perfect Edition\". The game was reviewed positively; on aggregate site Metacritic, the game received a score of 85 out of 100 based on 30 critic reviews. It was ranked as the third best-reviewed DS title of 2011. The game's story received a great deal of praise for its handling of the time travel elements and dark tone compared to many other equivalent RPGs despite a few criticisms related to its handling of branching paths and the necessity of jumping between two timelines; \"Game Informer\"s Joe Juba said the narrative and its time travel mechanic \"defies the predictability of traditional RPGs\". Its battle system was also generally praised for its unique mechanics. A recurring criticism was the game's graphics, which were seen as low-quality for the DS hardware despite fitting the overall aesthetic. Due to its premise and mechanics, multiple critics compared the game to classic role-playing games from the 16-bit and 32-bit eras, while also noting its bold choices compared to other recent RPGs. \"Perfect Chronology\" was given a score of 85 out of 100 by Metacritic based on 44 reviews, being the highest-rated 3DS game of the year as of July 2018. In their review of the game, Japanese magazine \"Famitsu\" gave praise to the new story content and voice acting. By contrast, C. J. Andriessen of \"Destructoid\" found the new story content lacking due to its lack of relation to the main narrative; while \"Nintendo World Report\"s Neal Ronaghan said that the new content made the story overly complicated. Most Western reviewers both echoed their praise of the original game's mechanics while generally enjoying the added content of \"Perfect Chronology\". Several reviewers found minor faults with the gameplay, ranging from frustrating combat elements to convoluted puzzles. Upon its release, \"Radiant Historia\" debuted at #6 with 32,807 units, being the second highest new release following \"\" and selling through just under 44% of its initial shipment. By the end of the year, the game had sold 56,540 units. Upon its North American debut, the game reached the top of the Nintendo DS charts. The following month, the game had dropped to #3. \"Perfect Chronology\" debuted in Japan at #1, selling 21,429 units and pushing Nintendo Switch exclusive \"Arms\" to #2 after two weeks at the top of the charts. According to data from The NPD Group, the game was the third best-selling 3DS game in the region during February 2018. In the United Kingdom, \"Perfect Chronology\" entered the 3DS gaming charts at eighth place. In IGN's \"Best of 2011\" awards, the game was nominated for the \"Best 3DS/DS Story\" and \"Best 3DS/DS Role-Playing Game\" awards. Nintendo Life gave it an honourable mention for their Game of the Year award. RPGFan gave it the \"Best Traditional RPG\" award (tied with \"\"), while editor Neal Chandran chose it as his pick for the \"Best RPG\" award. \"Game Informer\" gave it the \"Best Old-School Homage\" award. Samantha Nelson of \"The A.V. Club\" chose it as her staff pick for Game of the Year. RPGamer chose the game as Third Place for the RPG of the Year award. Radiant Historia Radiant Historia is a role-playing video game co-developed by Atlus and Headlock for the Nintendo DS. It was released in Japan in 2010 by Atlus, and in North America in 2011 by their subsidiary Atlus USA. An expanded remake for the Nintendo 3DS, titled \"Radiant Historia: Perfect Chronology\", was released in 2017 in Japan and released in North America and Europe the following year, with the European version being" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Alzonne Alzonne is a commune in the Aude department in the Occitanie region of southern France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as \"Alzonnois\" or \"Alzonnoises\" The commune is located in the Lauragais valley some 15 km west of Carcassonne and 15 km east of Castelnaudary. The route D6113 passes through the commune from west to east between these two cities and becomes National Route N113 near Carcassonne. The Autoroute des Deux Mers (A61, E80) passes just 1 km south of the commune but the nearest exit is to the D43 near Bram. Other roads running into the commune are the D8 from Montolieu in the north, the D34 from Saint-Martin-le-Vieil in the northwest, and the D33 running west to east from Bram to Villesèquelande forms the southern border of the commune with a connecting road running north to the village. The Bordeaux-Sète railway runs west to east across the southern part of the commune but there is no station. The nearest station is at Bram. The \"Fresquel\" river runs from west to east through the commune passing just south of the village and joining the Aude at Carcassonne. The Fresquel is joined by the \"Lampy\" just east of the village and a number of streams flow into the two rivers including the \"Ruisseau de Fontorbe\", the \"Ruisseau de Rebenty\", the \"Ruisseau de Falgous\", and the \"Vernassonne\" which forms a part of the northern border of the commune. The Canal du Midi also passes through the southern part of the commune. The commune is mostly farmland with some forests in the north. Apart from the village of Alzonne there are also the hamlets of Fongayraud and La Rode near the village, and La Migance in the north. The name \"Alsona\" dates from 898 and comes from \"Fresquel\". It is based on the Hydronymic root \"alz-\" meaning \"alder\" or \"swamp\" (Dauzat, Negre, Billy, Morvan) and the suffix \"-onna\". \"Alzonne\" from the 9th century was a town of some importance as it was once the capital of the viguerie of its name: \"vicaria Ausonensis\"; therefore Alzonne was also known \"in pago Carcassensi\". In this respect the situation of Alzonne has hardly changed since this small town is today the capital of the canton of its name in the arrondissement of Carcassonne. Its ancient and enduring importance is due to the fertility of its land and the rivers that form its fertile valley. Once the city was fortified and was besieged and taken three times during the Wars of Religion of the 16th century. It was a strategic place in the crusade against the Albigensians. List of Successive Mayors of Alzonne (Not all data is known) In 2009 the commune had 1,303 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known through the population censuses conducted in the town since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of municipalities with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger towns that have a sample survey every year. The commune has two structures that are registered as historical objects: The Church contains two items that are registered as historical objects: Alzonne Alzonne is a commune in the Aude department in the Occitanie region of southern France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as \"Alzonnois\" or \"Alzonnoises\" The commune is located in the Lauragais valley some 15 km west of Carcassonne and 15 km east of Castelnaudary. The route D6113 passes through the commune from west to east between these two cities and becomes National Route N113 near Carcassonne. The Autoroute des Deux Mers (A61, E80) passes just 1 km" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Presidential Palace (Nanjing) The Presidential Palace in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, housed the Office of the President of the Republic of China since 1927 until the capital was relocated to Taipei in 1949. It is now a museum called the China Modern History Museum. It is located at No.292 Changjiang Road (formerly Lin Sen Road), in the Xuanwu District of Nanjing. In the Ming Dynasty, this house was to the west of the Ming Palace, built by a duke. In the Qing Dynasty, it became the Office of the Viceroy of Two Lower Yangtze Provinces, the chief government official in charge of what is today Jiangsu, Shanghai, Anhui and Jiangxi. When Qianlong visited the Lower Yangtze, he chose this office to be the detached palace together with the Imperial Silk House. Today, \"Daxinggong\" (lit. the Great Detached Palace) Station of Nanjing Metro Line 2 is named after it. In 1853, Taiping Revolution forces led by Hong Xiuquan occupied Nanjing. The palace was expanded and converted into a luxurious palace for Hong, called the Palace of the Heavenly King, or the Celestial Palace. In 1864, Qing imperial forces re-took Nanjing. Commander Zeng Guofan ordered to destroy most of the palace by fire. He had a new palatial residence in 1870 and later imposing government buildings for the Qing Governor-General erected in the Neoclassical style, and in accordance with contemporary protocol. After the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, Sun Yat-sen was sworn in at the former Governor-General's palace, now the \"Provisional Presidential Palace\", as the provisional President of the Republic of China. He kept offices here for a while. However, China soon fell into the post-revolution Warlord era, and the Palace was not officially used by the Republic of China until 1927, when the Northern Expedition of Kuomintang (KMT) captured Nanjing. As the Nationalist Government, they transformed the Presidential Palace and adjacent buildings into the Headquarters of the Nationalist Government of the Republic of China. Premier Chiang Kai-shek had his office in the palace. During the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), Chiang Kai-shek's government fled to Chungking, and the Headquarters was occupied by Wang Jingwei, who collaborated with the invading Japanese. Following the Japanese surrender in 1945, Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist Government reoccupied the Headquarters—Presidential Palace for governing the Republic of China. In 1947, the Constitution of the Republic of China was promulgated. and the \"Headquarters of the Nationalist Government of the Republic of China\" was renamed the \"Presidential Palace.\" In April 1949, near the end of the Chinese Civil War, the Communist forces captured Nanjing and the Presidential Palace. Chiang Kai-shek's government fled to Taipei, Taiwan and Mao Zedong declared the establishment of the People's Republic of China with capital in Beijing on 1 October 1949. The Presidential Palace building was then used for Jiangsu Provincial Government and functions of the Presidential Palace were moved to Presidential Office Building in Taipei. In the late 1980s the former Presidential Palace was transformed into the China Modern History Museum, a history museum exclusively about the 20th century history of modern China, about the history of the Republic of China (1912-1949) and the history of the People's Republic of China. In 2005, the Chairman of Kuomintang, Lien Chan, visited the museum in the Presidential Palace on his trip to Mainland China, marking a symbolic return of the party to the Palace for the first time in 58 years. Located in the capital city of the Republic of China, Presidential Palace is an important historical landmark in Nanjing and one of the largest surviving complex of modern Chinese (1840-1949) buildings. It mainly consists of the central axis, the west garden and the east garden. The current structures were mainly built between 1870 and 1930s. It was the site of the main gate of the Viceroy's Office. During the period of Taiping Rebellion, it became the site of the Gate of True God's Glorious Light, the main gate of the Heavenly King's Palace, which was destroyed soon after the imperial troops captured the palace. In 1870, the gate was rebuilt as the main gate of the viceroy's office, and demolished when the NRA captured Nanjing in 1927. The current gate, rebuilt in 1929, was a western-style gate with ionic columns. Two stone lions stood on the both sides of the gate. As the HQ of the Nationalist Government, the sign on the gate read \"國民政府\" (Nationalist Government) from 1929 to 1937 and from 1946 to 1948. During the Japanese occupation of Nanking, it served as the main gate of Legislative Yuan and Control Yuan of the Wang Jingwei regime. After the constitutionalism and the presidential election in 1948, the sign changed into \"總統府\" (Presidential Palace) until now. Nowadays, it is not only a significant symbol in downtown Nanjing, but also served as the main entrance to the Presidential Palace. Just located at the north of the main gate, the main hall is the first hall of the Viceroy's Palace. It was rebuilt in 1870 on the original site of the Supreme Hall of the Glorious Light, the most luxurious hall of the Heavenly King's Palace during the period of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. It was the place where the viceroy or the Heavenly King held the ceremonies. In January 1912, the inarguration ceremony of the Provisional President was held in the \"Warm Pavilion\" just on the northwest side of the main hall. From 1927, it was used for government functions by the Nationalist Government and the Office of the President. The main hall is a traditional Chinese-style hall. At the top of the hall, there is a board on which the four Chinese characters \"天下為公\" (\"All is equal under heaven\") was written by Dr Sun Yat-sen. Behind the main hall there is a corridor which connects it to the second hall. On the west of the corridor stands the auditorium, which was built on the ruins of the \"Warm Pavilion\". Heavenly King's Throne Room is located on the east side of the corridor. The second hall, also known as the central hall, rebuilt in late 19th century, was the site of the Heavenly King's inner court. During the period of the Nationalist Government, some minor ceremonies were held in the hall. There is an aisle that lead the visitors to the reception hall. Also known as the \"八字廰\" (literally \"Hall of Character 'Eight'\"), the western-style reception hall of the Presidential Palace was built in 1917 by Feng Guozhang, Vice President of the Republic of China at that time. After the Northern Expedition of the National Revoluntionary Army, it became the reception rooms for the civil and foreign guests of the Nationalist Government. Before the Chinese Civil War began, Some negotiations between CPC and KMT were signed in this hall. In addition, Chiang Kai-shek, Lin Sen and Li Tsung-jen also rested here before the ceremonies began frequently. President Chiang Kai-shek occasionally worked here instead of the Presidential Building. The Kirin Gate is a red gate situated on the north of the reception hall. This gate would open only if the president went through this place. The gate leads to the House of the Government Affairs, the original office building of the Chairman of the Nationalist Government. The House of the Government Affairs, also known as the House of the Government Officials and the House of Documentary Affairs, was built in 1925 by Sun Chuanfang. Originally served as the Kiangsu military governor's office, it became the office building of the Chairman and other officials of the Nationalist Government from 1928 to 1935. As Chiang Kai-shek was the chairman from 1928 to 1931, there was a room in the second floor once served as Chiang's office. From 1946 to 1949, this house was converted into the House of the Government Affairs. The Ministry of the Government Affairs mainly dealt with the works of writing articles and checking confidential documents. Chen Bulei, an official of the", "Government Affairs, the original office building of the Chairman of the Nationalist Government. The House of the Government Affairs, also known as the House of the Government Officials and the House of Documentary Affairs, was built in 1925 by Sun Chuanfang. Originally served as the Kiangsu military governor's office, it became the office building of the Chairman and other officials of the Nationalist Government from 1928 to 1935. As Chiang Kai-shek was the chairman from 1928 to 1931, there was a room in the second floor once served as Chiang's office. From 1946 to 1949, this house was converted into the House of the Government Affairs. The Ministry of the Government Affairs mainly dealt with the works of writing articles and checking confidential documents. Chen Bulei, an official of the government held the house as his office. Today, the house is served as the Museum of the President and the Vice President, with some collections from the Nationalist Government. Out of the house, there is a courtyard that leads to the Presidential Building, one of the most important buildings in the palace complex. The Presidential Building, also known as \"Zichao House\" and the Concrete House, was one of the most important buildings in the complex. Situated on the northernmost part in the palace, the six-storey house with the structure of reinforced concrete was one of the tallest buildings in Nanking in the 1930s. The construction started in 1934, and finished in December 1935. Lin Sen used this house as the office of Chairman of the Nationalist Government until the Japanese troops captured Nanking. From 1940 to 1945, this Japanese-occupied house was converted into the office of the Legislative Yuan and the Control Yuan of the Reorganized National Government. In 1946, Chiang's Nationalist Government re-took Nanking, then used this house as the office of the Nationalist Government for the second time. After the presidential inarguration ceremony in 1948, it became the seat of the president of the ROC. In April 1949, the People's Liberation Army took control of this house. The house lost the position of the president's seat from then on. From December 1949, the Presidential Office Building of Taipei has become the seat of the ROC president. In Mainland China, Zhongnanhai became the seat of the central government and the official residence of the President of the People's Republic of China since October 1949. Two cedars were planted in 1934 by Chairman Lin Sen on both sides of the courtyard in the front of the Presidential Building. The cedar on the east side was dead in 2005 and was cut down in 2013. The building was designed by Yu Binglie, who was the head of the department of architecture, National Central University. Inside the house, the first floor was served as the office of the Secretary-General to the President, the highest-ranking official in the Office of the President who supervised the staff of the Office. The presidential office and vice presidential office were both on the second floor. The meeting room of the State Affair Council was located on the third floor. The Presidential Office was the office of the president of the ROC since 20 May 1948. It is also known as the Office of Chiang Kai-shek because Chiang was the only president who used this as the presidential office. Situated on the southeast corner of the second floor, it composed of three rooms. The middle one was served as the principal working place of the president. Inside the middle room, a huge secretaire was put sideways next to the window, with a French-made droplight above. And above the brown couch, a huge photograph of Chiang was hung on the side wall. There was a Otis elevator near the office, But Chiang Kai-shek seldom used it. Although President Chiang Kai-shek wasn't working here all the time, this office is still one of the most popular sites for the visitors in the Presidential Palace. The vice presidential office lied opposite the presidential office, also known as Li Tsung-jen's office. As well as the presidential office, it was served as the office of the vice president since 20 May 1948. But the relationship between Li Tsung-jen and Chiang Kai-shek was not very good, so the vice president usually worked in his residence in Gulou District instead of this office to avoid meeting Chiang. During the period of the Nationalist Government, the State Affairs Council usually dealt with the domestic affairs such as the publication of laws and orders, and the appointment of officials. The State Affairs Council Room was situated on the third floor of the Presidential Building. In the northern wall of this room, a horizontal board inscribed with \"fidelity, filialness, benevolence, kindness, good faith, calm and peace\" written by Lin Sen, the chairman of the Nationalist Government in 1935. On the desk, a glass bottle was put on the northernmost side except for numerous teacups. According to the relevant record, the bottle belonged to Chiang Kai-shek because unlike others' habit, he liked drinking water rather than tea. The West Garden, also called Xu Garden, is a classical southern Chinese garden located just on the west of the Presidential Palace's central axis, which was considered as the finest work of the gardens in Nanjing together with Zhanyuan Garden. Centered on the Taiping Lake (literally \"Pacific Lake\"), Various pavilions and attics built in 1870s, including the Marble Boat, the Paulownia Melody House, the Tower of Beautiful Sunset, the Ripples Pavilion, the Palm Pavilion, the Mandarin Duck Pavilion, the Provinsional President's Living Room and the Attic of Joy are all located on the shore of the lake. The Marble Boat is the oldest surviving structure in the Presidential Palace complex, which was built when Qianlong visited Kiangning. To please the emperor, the official told him that the name of the structure was called the \"unmoored boat\", as the metaphor of the firmness of the Qing dynasty's regime. The 14.5-meter-long timber-mimic stony boat is one of the best-known structures in the garden. The Attic of Joy, alternatively called the Pavilion that Forgetting to Fly and the Waterside Pavilion, was rebuilt in 1870 on the eastern lakeside of the garden. The government official once worked here were surprised at the attractive view and believed that \"if the birds saw the view here, they would have so much joy that they could forget how to fly\". That was the origin of the name. In 1930s, this attic once served as one of the offices of the Military Affairs Commission, one of the most powerful organizations in Nationalist China. The General Staff House was built in 1935, which was the seat of Ho Ying-chin, the General Staff of the Nationalist Government. Its function now is the exhibition hall of the theme \"Sun Yat-sen and the Provisional Government in Nanjing\". The Commission House, variously called the West Garden Hall and the Office of the Provisional President, was built in 1909 by Duanfang, the 80th Viceroy of Liangjiang, who visited the Europe just before the construction started. The construction finished in 1910, during the period of Zhang Renjun, the last Viceroy of Liangjiang. From 1 Januanry 1912, the house was used as the office of the provisional president by Sun Yat-sen, thus becoming one of the birthplace of the Republic of China. The first cabinet council of the provisional government was held in the house as well. Since 1927, the house was served as the seat of the Military Affairs Commission, which grasped the real power of the Nationalist Government. Today this yellow house is also a popular tuorist attraction in the Presidential Palace. The East Garden, also known as the Restored Garden, was the additional garden of the viceroy's office. During the period of Taiping Rebellion, it became the east garden of the Celestial Palace. After the troops of Qing dynasty captured the palace, the east garden was totally destroyed. When the Nationalist Government came to", "Januanry 1912, the house was used as the office of the provisional president by Sun Yat-sen, thus becoming one of the birthplace of the Republic of China. The first cabinet council of the provisional government was held in the house as well. Since 1927, the house was served as the seat of the Military Affairs Commission, which grasped the real power of the Nationalist Government. Today this yellow house is also a popular tuorist attraction in the Presidential Palace. The East Garden, also known as the Restored Garden, was the additional garden of the viceroy's office. During the period of Taiping Rebellion, it became the east garden of the Celestial Palace. After the troops of Qing dynasty captured the palace, the east garden was totally destroyed. When the Nationalist Government came to Nanjing, some minor office buildings attached to the Executive Yuan were built on the site, which were all demolished in the 2000s. In 2003, the garden was partly rebuilt according to the historical information. Some other buildings, like the warehouse, were rebuilt at the same time. The Executive Houses, the seat of the Executive Yuan from 1928 to 1937 were located on the north side of the garden. The Executive Houses were the seat of the Executive Yuan from 1928 to 1937. In November 1937, the Executive Yuan was moved to the city of Chungking. The houses were served as the offices of Ministry of Railways and Ministry of Transportation and Communication in the period of Wang Jingwei regime and later served as the seat of Ministry of Social Affairs and Ministry of Water Conservancy. The Executive Houses were divided into two blocks. The North Executive House, also known as the North Block of the Executive Yuan Building, mainly housed the office of the Premier from 1928 to 1934 until the South Executive House was finished working. The South Executive House, also known as the South Block of the Executive Yuan Building, mainly housed the office from 1934 to 1937 until the Nationalists lost Nanking and fled to Chungking. Premiers including Chiang Kai-shek, Wang Jingwei, Kung Hsiang-hsi and Soong Tse-ven once worked in the premier's office in the South Block. The building is accessible within walking distance north of Daxinggong Station of Nanjing Metro. Presidential Palace (Nanjing) The Presidential Palace in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, housed the Office of the President of the Republic of China since 1927 until the capital was relocated to Taipei in 1949. It is now a museum called the China Modern History Museum. It is located at No.292 Changjiang Road (formerly Lin Sen Road), in" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Yellow-breasted greenfinch The yellow-breasted greenfinch (\"Chloris spinoides\") is a small passerine bird in the family Fringillidae that is native to the northern regions of the Indian subcontinent. The yellow-breasted greenfinch was described by the Irish zoologist Nicholas Aylward Vigors in 1831 under the binomial name \"Carduelis spinides\". Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that the greenfinches are not closely related to the species in the genus \"Carduelis\". They have therefore been moved to the resurrected genus \"Chloris\" which had been introduced by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1800. The word \"Chloris\" is from the Ancient Greek word \"khlōris\" for the European greenfinch; the specific epithet is from \"spinus\" in \"Fringilla spinus\" Linnaeus, 1758, the Eurasian Siskin, and the Ancient Greek suffix \"-oidēs\" meaning \"resembling\". Two subspecies are recognised: The yellow-breasted greenfinch is in length and weighs between . It has a brown conical bill and bright yellow wing bars. The underparts are bright yellow. The sexes have similar plumage but the female is less brightly coloured. The species occurs primarily in the mid-altitudes of the Himalayas, and in parts of Southeast Asia. It ranges across Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Tibet and Vietnam. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and temperate shrubland. Yellow-breasted greenfinch The yellow-breasted greenfinch (\"Chloris spinoides\") is a small passerine bird in the family Fringillidae that is native to the northern regions of the Indian subcontinent. The yellow-breasted greenfinch was described by the Irish zoologist Nicholas Aylward Vigors in 1831 under the binomial name \"Carduelis spinides\". Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that the greenfinches are not closely related to the species in the genus \"Carduelis\". They have therefore been moved to the resurrected genus \"Chloris\" which had been introduced by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1800. The word \"Chloris\" is from the Ancient Greek word" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Participatory Guarantee Systems Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS), as defined by IFOAM, are \"locally focused quality assurance systems. They certify producers based on active participation of stakeholders and are built on a foundation of trust, social networks and knowledge exchange.\" They represent an alternative to third party certification, especially adapted to local markets and short supply chains. They can also complement third party certification with a private label that brings additional guarantees and transparency. PGS enable the direct participation of producers, consumers and other stakeholders in: Participatory Guarantee Systems are also referred to as \"participatory certification\". The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) and the organic movement remain a leader in the concept of PGS at the international level. IFOAM is running a program to recognize PGS in the organic sector. PGS is a tool that can be adopted not only for organic agriculture but is useful in various sectors. The organic movement has been a pioneer in the implementation and definition of Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS). Organic certification started in various parts of the world in the 70s and 80s based on associative systems that were very close to what is now called PGS. Some of these associations are still doing participatory certification today, such as for example in France. Even though third party certification (following ISO 65 requirements) has become the dominant form of certification in the food sector, as well as many other sectors, alternative certification systems have never ceased to exist. In 2004, IFOAM and MAELA (the Latin American Agroecology Movement), jointly organized the first International Workshop on Alternative Certification that took place in Torres, Brazil. It is at that workshop that the concept of Participatory Guarantee Systems was adopted. At this event, an international working group on PGS was established, which later became an official Task Force under the umbrella of IFOAM. The Task Force worked on further defining PGS, and established the key elements and key features of PGS in a document entitled “Shared Visions – Shared Ideals”. Since then IFOAM has continuously supported the development of PGS and are now advocating for their recognition by governments as valid local certification systems in cases where the organic sector is legally regulated. In parallel, other sectors have been looking into the concept to certify various products or processes. In 2007, the State enacted a law that recognizes both the third-party certification and PGS for certification of organic produce. Since then, PGS certified produce have been sold domestically in the Brazilian market. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), IFOAM, and the Ministry of Agriculture in India initiated consultations with various stakeholders in 2005 to identify alternative certifications systems that are inclusive of the many small farmers and peasants in the country. The PGS Organic India Council was set up in 2006 as a result of these consultations. It functioned as an informal coalition of Voluntary Organizations or NGOs committed to the promotion of organic food production for domestic consumption in India, with export not being a priority at all. In April 2011, it was formally registered as a society in Goa as Participatory Guarantee Systems Organic Council (PGSOC). Many of the federal states within India have incorporated promotion of PGS for certification of organic produce in their state-level agriculture policies. At the national level, the National Centre of Organic Farming (NCOF) under the Ministry of Agriculture began to operate the PGS-India as a voluntary organic guarantee programme with the PGS-National Advisory Committee as the apex decision making body. Participatory Guarantee Systems Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS), as defined by IFOAM, are \"locally focused quality assurance systems. They" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Jean de l'Ours Jean de l'Ours () or John the Bear, John of the Bear, John-of-the-Bear, John Bear, is the leading character in the French folktale \"Jean de l'Ours\" classed as Type 301B in the Aarne-Thompson system; it can also denote any tale of this type. Some typical elements are that the hero is born half-bear, half-human. He obtains a weapon, usually a heavy iron cane, and on his journey, bands up with two or three companions. At a castle the hero defeats an adversary, pursues him to a hole, discovers an underworld, and rescues three princesses. The companions abandon him in the hole, taking the princesses for themselves. The hero escapes, finds the companions and gets rid of them. He marries the most beautiful princess of the three, but not before going through certain ordeal(s) by the king. Numerous variants exist in France, often retaining the name Jean de l'Ours or something similar for the hero. Some of the analogues in Europe that retain the names corresponding to \"John\" are: Jan de l'Ors (); Joan de l'Os ( ); Juan del Oso, Juan el Oso, Juanito el Oso, Juanillo el Oso (, ); Giovanni dell'Orso (), Iann he vaz houarn (); (). The tale has also propagated to the New World, with examples from French Canada, Mexico, etc. Several French versions explicitly comment on Jean de l'ours being covered with body hair on his entire body. One Gascon version, \"Jan l'Oursét\" adds that he had \"a large head just like a bear's, except for its shape\". The hero is human from the waist up and bear from the waist down in a Mexican version (\"Juan el Oso\") as well as the Russian tale \"\" (or \"Ivanko the Bear's son\"). For comparison, in the Avar tale \"Bear's Ear\", the protagonist has ears like a bear. Jean de l'Ours is a beautiful abandoned child raised by a mother bear in 's version (1885). Along the same vein, Jean de l'Ours was a beautiful foundling adopted by a widow according to Carnoy in another version (1885, illustrated by ), but this, except for an altered telling of the boy's origin, is by and large identical to the tale given earlier by (1862): In both texts he is depicted as an angel-faced, blue-eyed boy who wears a bearskin around his loins, has a lush mane like Samson's falling from head to chest, and carries a poplar sapling as a staff. In an artist's depiction by \"Le conte de Jean de l'ours\" (1988), Jean appears with rounded bear's ears attached high on his head. \"John the Bear\" is categorized as Type 301 or \"Three Stolen Princesses\" type. Type 301 is also sometimes termed the \"Bear' son\" type, although \"Bear's Son Tale\" in general practice is a looser term that encompasses both 301 and 650A types. The tale is classed more narrowly as type 301 B, and the whole group dubbed the \"Jean de l'ours\" type, especially in French folkloristics quarters, whereas 301B is often called the \"Strong man and his Companions\" type in English-language circles. And analogues of \"Jean de l'ours\" often get admixed with elements of another but very similar tale type, Strong John (AT 650). The \"Juan Oso\" tales as analyzed by the Spanish-language folklorists are described in similar vein, with certain differences. \"Juan Oso\" tales have disseminated widely to the New World, and fall widely into types 301A, 301B, 301C, or 301D. And they exhibit mixing not only with the AT 650 mentioned above, but also with Type 513 A, \"Six Go through the Whole World\". Type 513 A is marked by the presence of \"extraordinary helpers\". Cosquin believed these were an outside element introduced from other tales; and Clive Claudel attributed such helpers to Thompson's tale type 513 A. Bertram Colgrave on the other hand believed certain companions (\"treeman\", \"mountain man\", \"stone man\", etc.) should be regarded as native to Juan Oso tales, whereas generic companions (such as \"the runner\") are \"strictly speaking\" foreign to it. A key example of type 301 B noted by French scholars such as Paul Delarue or is the version told by soldiers, and first published by Vidal et Delmart in 1833. No regional localization was given for the version. It was designated version 1 by Delarue, who gave a summary of it. It has also been translated into English as the tale of \"The Story of John-of-the-Bear\". A woodcutter's wife looking for wood is abducted by the bear, and gives birth to a child by this bear. The child walks at four months, speaks and runs at one year, and soon even rattles the stone with which the bear plugs the cave. The boy lifts the stone at age 5 or 6, and he and his mother escape. At school, his hairiness earns him the nickname \"Jean de l'Ours\" from other schoolchildren. He retaliates with violence, the schoolmaster demands his parents punish him, he drops out, and enters apprenticeship under a blacksmith. He leaves the blacksmith, and as compensation, obtains an iron cane weighing 800 pounds in the shaft and 200 pounds more at the pommel. He obtains two companions, Tord-Chêne (\"Twistoak\") and Tranche-Montagne (\"Cutmountain\"). Jean's party lodge at a castle, without sign of human presence, but with tables and beds prepared, and meals (and other wished-for items) that would appear as if by magic. They decide to go hunting, leaving one behind to sound the lunch bell. Tranche remains at the castle on the first turn, but a size-changing \"little giant (petit géant)\" descends from the chimney and beats him terribly with a stick. He blames a fall going down to the cellar for being unable to signal. Next day, another companion meets the same fate, and offers a different excuse. Jean defeats the little giant by striking him before he had the chance to grow large, and the enemy flees inside a well. They investigate the well, taking turns being lowered down riding a basket tied to a rope. Only Jean de l'Ours has courage to reach bottom. There John meets his informant, an old woman. She reveals the adversary to be a giant who abducted three princesses from Spain. Each princess is guarded separately: in a steel castle by 2 tigers, a silver castle by 4 leopards, and a gold castle by 6 lions as large as elephants. The old woman also provides a jar of ointment to cure wounds. Jean defeats the beasts and rescues the princesses. Each princess is prettier than the last. He finds them asleep, and uses increasingly gentler means to awaken them. The hero receives from the princesses a steel, a silver, and a golden ball, respectively. The companions betray Jean and let go of the rope pulling him up. He falls and suffers a bruised body and broken legs, which the ointment cures. Jean gains advice from the old woman on how to escape the Underworld, and is lifted out riding a giant eagle, which requires feeding each time it squawks. Near the end he runs out of meat, and he flays some flesh from his own thigh, but this too heals using the jar of salve. Jean reaches Madrid. His two former companions have claimed credit for saving the princesses, and the eldest is ordered to choose one of them to marry, but she is granted a stay for a year and a day. Meanwhile, they collect all the Marseilles soap in the kingdom to scrub the two men clean. The hero arrives and rolls his three balls, so the eldest knows to warn the king about their true savior. The king owns another set of the three balls, and declares marriage of his daughters to anyone who could replicate them. The hero succeeds by bringing the three balls he owns, and marries the eldest. The two treacherous companions are hanged on the high gallows. A version from Lorraine was printed by Emmanuel Cosquin in 1886 (listed as Delarue's version 9). Its English translation appeared in Stith Thompson's \"One Hundred Favorite Folktales\" (1968). The plotline is quite similar to the soldier's version summarized above, with numerous differences in detail, which will be noted: The hero's mother was already pregnant before being captured by bear, but still born half-human, half-bear; given the John the Bear name as a child; apprentices under three blacksmiths, cane is 500 pounds. Three", "The king owns another set of the three balls, and declares marriage of his daughters to anyone who could replicate them. The hero succeeds by bringing the three balls he owns, and marries the eldest. The two treacherous companions are hanged on the high gallows. A version from Lorraine was printed by Emmanuel Cosquin in 1886 (listed as Delarue's version 9). Its English translation appeared in Stith Thompson's \"One Hundred Favorite Folktales\" (1968). The plotline is quite similar to the soldier's version summarized above, with numerous differences in detail, which will be noted: The hero's mother was already pregnant before being captured by bear, but still born half-human, half-bear; given the John the Bear name as a child; apprentices under three blacksmiths, cane is 500 pounds. Three companions: Jean de la Meule (John of the Mill) playing quoits (original: \"\") with a millstone, Appuie-Montagne (Hold-up-Mountain) and Oak-Twister (Tord-Chêne). At the castle, the giant is the one to attack whichever companion in turn (staying at castle while the others hunt; this is chosen by lot). Two companions both blame harm from kitchen smoke. John destroys the giant, splitting it in two with a cane. He discovers underworld by knocking on the floor with the cane; He descends hanging on a rope; at the bottom, hero's informant is a fairy (\"fée\"); hero destroys little devils in two rooms before reaching a chamber of three princesses; companions release rope carrying the hero. The hero's escape from Underworld is up to a point by the \"path leading to the ground above\" formula, but unique in that the fairy warns him not to look back at the little light behind (lest the light vanish and make him unable to see anything). Hero after regains princesses from companions yet sends them home — this is also an unusual pattern; Jean refuses invitation to kingdom at that point, and only after princesses have forgotten about him, enters kingdom on his own volition. Formulaic test of replicating three balls is solved by balls hero obtained from princesses, but in this version, each is specifically an ornate ball made with pearls, diamonds and emeralds. Jean de l'Ours in most cases is the child of a mother and a bear. However, in some versions his origins are less clearly defined, i.e. his mother is already pregnant before being captured, and then gives birth to him, though he is nevertheless born a half-bear, half-human (Cosquin's version above). His cane weighs from 500 pounds (e.g. Cosquin's two full versions) ranging to 10,000 pounds (Carnoy ed.) in a version from Provence. Provence is where not the standard French but Provençal is the traditional language spoken, and the cane's weight of 10,000 pounds matches the 100 quintals given in an actual Provençal text published by Nelli, The cane's weight can even be 100,000 pounds, in a cognate tale from Brittany called \"Yves of the iron stick\", but this tale gives no bear-associated origins for the hero, and belongs in a group characterized by Delarue as being in the \"periphery\", to be distinguished from the main group of French tales that includes the representative example (Soldiers' version). There are other examples where the hero is \"John Iron-Stick\", named after his cane (e.g., \"Jean Bâton de Fer\", from a manuscript collection of tales from Nièvres,) but this tale also lacks the bear-origins opening. From Brittany, there is also \"Jean au bâton de fer\", where the hero is in the mother's womb for 3 years. as well as a version given in both translation and in the Breton language original, \"Jean a la Bar de Fer\" aka \"Iann he vaz houarn\". Other times, the cane is not iron, but an oak trunk of an equally imposing size. The hero's adversary at the \"haunted\" castle is typically a dwarf (or little man) who might be caple of becoming a giant, or just a giant, or it may be the devil in some instances. In the underworld, hordes of devils (or a devil) as enemies are a commonplace, but the devil(s) can be the hero's informant or both. The escape frequently involves a ride on the back of a giant bird, usually an eagle (as in the Soldier's version), sometimes a Roc. The ungrateful companions suffer various fates: either disappear, are punished, or forgiven depending on the version. Versions of the tale found in the Pyrenees region, across languages. These include for example \"Joan de l'Ors\" in Occitan, from the Aude province, in the French Pyrenees, Joan de l'Os in Catalan on the Spanish side, and examples in Basque. A bolder claim has been made that \"Jean de l'ours\" episodes are reenacted in these festivals. In some legends, the Pic du Midi d'Ossau is the head of John the Bear. In the Pyrenees, 'Jean' is sometimes regarded as an Anglicized corruption of \"people\" (gens) or \"giants\" (geants), an assumption which works well in French, but not in the various other languages and dialects of the region. An Occitan version \"Jan de l'Ours\", collected by in Sougraigne, Aude was published by René Nelli, alongside his side-by-side French translation. Nelli may have preferred the orthography \"Joan de L'Ors\", or at least that was the spelling he used when he was alerting his pending publication. Fabre and J. Lacroix also published a recitation of the tale by a conteuse from Aude (Louise Cassagneau). The 19th century writer had worked the Joan de l'Orso character throughout his prodigious work \"la Légenda d'Esclarmonda\", and there was a building on that icon, so that in the eyes of some Joan de l'Orso may have appeared as \"the hero par excellence of the Pays d'Oc\". Some tales from Provence were published in standard French. In 's version (1862), considered to be an arranged piece of work to a large degree, the hero goes to the Holy Land region into Palestine on his bearskin, and faces off with an archdemon who rides a shark. (Likewise in the version close to it printed by , with illustrations by Édouard François Zier). The corresponding character is denoted Juan Artz , Hachko, or Xan Artz in Basque country. One Basque version of the tale is \"Juan Artz\", edited by Resurrección María de Azkue accompanied by Spanish translation. The name Juan Artz denotes \"Juan Bear\", where ' is the word for \"bear\". The story begins by stating \"They say that Juan was raised by a she-bear in the mountains because his mother had no breast\". This pattern where not a male but female bear is involved, and suckles the infant, is given by Delarue as one of the alternative origins for hero in the tale group, but it is not exhibited in many examples in his list. This motif of a she-bear raising the hero is paralleled by Orson, in \"Valentine and Orson\", a tale widely read in \"roman bleue\" (chapbook) form in the early modern period. In the tale given by Jean Barbier, \"\" (; \"Hachko and his two companions\"), instead of a bear, it is the Basa-Jaun (, ) who kidnaps the girl in the forest and carries her to an underground dwelling. But Barbier's version which makes this substitution has been suspected of being an interpolation of a modern date, most probably by Barbier himself, in a study by N. Zaïkak. According to the hypothesis, Barbier based his tale on 's version, \"l'Ourson\" or \"Le fils d'ours\" (\"bear cub\" or \"bear's son\"; ) published in 1878 and 1882. This version was taken down from a native of Mendive in Basse-Navarre. Aurelio Espinosa, Sr. published three versions of Juan el Oso from Spain in his \"Cuentos Populares Españoles\": \"Juanito el Oso\" (from Blacos, Soria in Castile and León and another from Tudanca, Santander) and \"Juanillo el Oso\" (from Villaluenga, Toledo). Versions found in Spain are marked by the motif of the devil's ear, or Lucifer's ear, which are present in Espinosa's versions named above. When the hero cuts the ear off the diabolical adversary, he has gained mastery over him, and thereafter, the hero can summon the devil by biting on the ear, and command him at his disposal. In one tale the hero encounters a \"duende\" (a sort of dwarf) who severs his own ear and", "cub\" or \"bear's son\"; ) published in 1878 and 1882. This version was taken down from a native of Mendive in Basse-Navarre. Aurelio Espinosa, Sr. published three versions of Juan el Oso from Spain in his \"Cuentos Populares Españoles\": \"Juanito el Oso\" (from Blacos, Soria in Castile and León and another from Tudanca, Santander) and \"Juanillo el Oso\" (from Villaluenga, Toledo). Versions found in Spain are marked by the motif of the devil's ear, or Lucifer's ear, which are present in Espinosa's versions named above. When the hero cuts the ear off the diabolical adversary, he has gained mastery over him, and thereafter, the hero can summon the devil by biting on the ear, and command him at his disposal. In one tale the hero encounters a \"duende\" (a sort of dwarf) who severs his own ear and gives it to Juanito. In some versions, \"Lucifer's Ear\" becomes the title of the tale. This motif also occurs widely in various versions from Latin America and Spanish-speaking populace in the United States (§Versions in the Americas). In \"Juanito el Oso\" (Blacos version above), the bear's son has a massive ball weighing 100 \"arrobas\" (2500 lbs.) made for him, to be used as weapon. His companions are \"Uproots-Pinetrees-and-Makes-Ropes\") and (\"Flattens-Hills-with-Buttocks\"). Espinosa published more versions in \"Cuentos populares de Castilla y León\": \"Juanillo el Oso\" and \"Juan Os\" from Peñafiel, Valladolid. And a variant, called \"El Hijo Burra\" (\"Donkey's son\") from Roa, Burgos. There are cognate tales found in various parts of the Spanish-speaking Americas. Espinosa, Sr. collected 33 tales published in his \"Cuentos Populares Españoles\". American folklorist Robert A. Barakat published in English translation his collected versions \"of North Mexico\". These included a tale collected in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico (\"Juan el oso\"), as well as tales from natives of that city residing in the United States: \"Juan Oso\" collected in El Paso, Texas, 1964, and a fragmentary \"Juan de la burra\" (John of the Donkey). Frank Goodwyn had also published 1953 a complete \"Juan de la burra\" (collected in Chicago). Here, it can be seen that not only is the animal transposed to a female donkey, it is not the hero's parent, but only his wetnurse which allowed the abandoned child to suckle. It thus resembles the tale of \"El Hijo Burra\" (\"Donkey's son\") of Spain. In one Mexican version the hero's weapon is the machete, and in another an \"iron weapon\" with which he severs the devil's ear. The hero's helpers in the El Paso version were Aplanacerros (Mountain Breaker) and Tumbapinos (Pine Twister), reminiscent of names in the French version. Whereas in the \"Juan de la burra\", they were Carguín Cargón (the Carrier) Soplín Soplón (the Sigher) Oidín Oidón (the Hearer), exactly as found in Fernán Caballero's \"La oreja de Lucifer\", although this is recognized as a Type 301B tale, but Caballero's protagonist has no connection to a bear or another substituted animal. In Mexican versions, the machete, or a machete weighing 24 kilograms has displaced the massive cane in French versions. In 1868, Prosper Merimee published \"Lokis\", a new telling of a mysterious marriage Count, which appears to be born from the rape of his mother, and probably by a bear, these elements are gradually revealed, until the epilogue where the animal instincts of the character come to the fore. This news is written following a trip Merimee did in Lithuania and the Baltic countries where the story (or legend) was underway. In 1990, Alina Reyes evokes the myth in her second novel, \"Lucie au Long Cours\". In 2011, the novel by Philippe Jaenada \"Woman and Bear\" explicitly refers to the tale. Jean" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Anup Kumar (actor) Anup Kumar (17 June 1930 – 3 September 1997) was an Indian actor who is known for his work in Bengali cinema. Anup Kumar was born on 17 June 1930 in Kolkata, British India. His real name was Satyen Das. His parents were Dhirendra Nath Das who was a singer and actor and was closely associated with the famous poet and composer, Kazi Nazzrul Islam [1899-1976], and Bijoya Das. He passed his Matriculation at the Calcutta Jubilee Institution. In 1986, he married actress Aloka Ganguly. Anup Kumar took his acting lessons from his father and Sisir Kumar Bhaduri. He started acting quite early in life. He got his first break as a child artist in Dhiren Ganguly’s film \"Haalkatha\" (1938). \"Nimontron\" and \"Palatak\" were the movies which exposed his versatility as an actor. He was also involved with live theatre, yatras, and film directing. In 1964, he was awarded the BFJA Award for Best Actor for his performance in the film \"Palatak\". He received a silver medal from the Star Theatre. In 1988, he won the \"West Bengal Natya Academy Award\". In 1989, he was awarded with \"Siromoni Prize\" and in 1991, he was awarded Best Director for his yatras. In 1997, he was recognized by the BFJA Awards for completion of 50 years in films. Besides his superlative performance in \"Palatak\", Anup Kumar is also remembered for his brilliant comic timing. Along with the classic comedians like Nabadwip Haldar, Bhanu Bandopadhyay, Jahor Roy and Rabi Ghosh, Anup Kumar is much-admired comedic roles in films such as 'Basanto Bilap', 'Mouchak', 'Dadar Kirti', 'Protisodh'. After the death of Rabi Ghosh, it was Anup Kumar who was cast as Jatayu, the famous friend of Satyajit Ray's detective Feluda. In 1996, Kumar stood for election to the Vidhan Sabha as a CPI(M) representative from Cossipore; he was not elected. Anup Kumar (actor) Anup Kumar (17 June 1930 – 3 September 1997) was an Indian actor who is known for his work in Bengali cinema. Anup Kumar was born on 17 June 1930 in Kolkata, British India. His real name was Satyen Das. His parents were Dhirendra Nath Das who was a singer and actor and was closely associated with the famous poet and composer, Kazi Nazzrul Islam [1899-1976], and Bijoya Das. He passed his Matriculation at the Calcutta Jubilee Institution. In 1986, he married actress Aloka Ganguly. Anup Kumar took" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Jamrud Jamrūd (Pashto/) or Jam () is a town in the Khyber District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Located in the Valley of Peshawar, on the western fringe of Peshawar city, Jamrud is the doorway to the Khyber Pass which is just to the west of the town. The pass connects Jamrud with Landi Kotal to the west, located near the border of Afghanistan's Nangarhar Province. Jamrud has remained a location on the trade route between Central Asia and South Asia, and a strategic military location. It is located at an altitude of above sea level. The Jamrud Fort is located west of the city of Peshawar. The Battle of Jamrud between the Sikh Empire and Durrani Empire took place at Jamrud. The great Sikh Marshal Hari Singh Nalwa created Jamrud Fort in this city. Jamrud was a strategic location and served as a base for a cantonment of the British Indian Army during the period of the British Raj. During the military operations of 1878-79 Jamrud became a place of considerable importance as the frontier outpost on British territory towards Afghanistan, and it was also the base of operations for a portion of the Tirah campaign in 1897-1898. It was also the headquarters of the Khyber Rifles, and the collecting station for the Khyber tolls. The population in 1901 was 1,848.The place continues to be of strategic significance. Jamrud Jamrūd (Pashto/) or Jam () is a town in the Khyber District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Located in the Valley of Peshawar, on the western fringe of Peshawar city, Jamrud is the doorway to the Khyber Pass which is just to the west of the town. The pass connects Jamrud with Landi Kotal to the west, located near the border of Afghanistan's Nangarhar Province. Jamrud has remained a location on the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Mr. Soft \"Mr. Soft\" is a song by the British rock band Cockney Rebel, fronted by Steve Harley. It was released in 1974 as the second single from their second studio album \"The Psychomodo\". In the UK, the song became the band's second hit, following the Top 5 success of \"Judy Teen\". \"Mr. Soft\" was written by Harley, and produced by Harley and Alan Parsons. By the time \"Judy Teen\" successfully broke Cockney Rebel in the UK charts in May 1974, the band had already finished recording their second album \"The Psychomodo\". During May, EMI released the title track, \"Psychomodo\", as the album's lead single, however it was quickly withdrawn in the UK as \"Judy Teen\" continued to climb the charts. \"The Psychomodo\" was released in June, and once \"Judy Teen\" dropped out of the UK Top 50, \"Mr. Soft\" was released in late July. The song proved to be another success, peaking at No. 8 and remaining in the charts for nine weeks. It also reached No. 16 in Ireland. From May to July 1974, Cockney Rebel embarked on a major British tour. As it progressed, the band faced growing tensions, which ultimately led to the band's split in late July. On 18 July, the band received a 'Gold Award' for outstanding new act of 1974, and a week later they had split up over their disagreements. By the time \"Mr. Soft\" was released, Cockney Rebel had already disbanded, leaving Harley to assemble a new line-up by the end of the year. On \"Mr. Soft\", the backing vocals were performed by the Mike Sammes Singers, who also contributed vocals on other tracks on \"The Psychomodo\" album. In 2012, Harley recalled: \"The Mike Sammes Singers, practically resident on the BBC Light Programme, came in to sing backing vocals, all those \"boom-boom-boom, boom\"s and bassy \"mmmmms\"s on \"Mr Soft\".\" The English alternative rock band Elbow called themselves \"Mr Soft\" during the early 1990s. Speaking the \"Birmingham Post\" in 2013, Harley mentioned the band and their name: In circa 1986/87, the song was featured in two successful TV adverts for Trebor Softmints. One advert promoted Trebor Softmints, and the other Trebor Softfruits. Both adverts used two lines of the song, with changed lyrics sung by a Steve Harley sound-alike. Initially, Harley was approached with the idea of re-writing and re-recording the lines himself. However, uncomfortable at the idea of doing this, he gave permission for the advert creators to adapt the song themselves. The lyrics were re-written by Malcolm Green and an unknown vocalist was used to replicate Harley's vocal style. Ironically, much of the public believed Harley to be singing anyway. Both videos were directed by Len Fulford and produced by BFCS. For the Softmints advert, the lyrics were rewritten accordingly: For the Softfruits advert, the lyrics were: The use of the song in the adverts led EMI to re-release the song in the UK on 7\" vinyl during March 1988, however it was not a commercial success. Later in their 1994 hit \"Shakermaker\", the English rock band Oasis referenced the \"Mr. Soft\" character of the song and advert with the line \"I've been driving in my car with my friend Mr. Soft\". In a 2004 survey by Phones 4u for the UK's most recognisable jingles, \"Mr. Soft\" ranked at No. 7 of 10. \"Mr Soft\" was released by EMI Records on 7\" vinyl in the UK, Ireland, Belgium, Germany, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, Yugoslavia and Japan. A UK promotional demo/DJ copy was also issued by EMI. The majority of editions featured the B-side \"Such a Dream\", which was written by Harley, and produced by Harley and Parsons. It had previously appeared as B-side on the \"Psychomodo\" single. It later appeared as a bonus track on the 1991 Japanese and 1992 UK CD issues of \"The Psychomodo\". It would also appear on the 2006 compilation \"The Cockney Rebel – A Steve Harley Anthology\" and \"\". For its release in Belgium and the Netherlands, a different B-side, \"Crazy Raver\", was used, which was an album track from the band's 1973 debut \"The Human Menagerie\". The Yugoslavian release featured \"Judy Teen\" as the B-side. All releases of \"Mr. Soft\", except in the UK and Ireland, came with colour picture sleeves, which each featured a different photograph of the band. The German, Spanish and Yugoslavian sleeves used photograph from \"The Psychomodo\", although the former two zoomed in to show only Harley. Following its original release as a single, and on \"The Psychomodo\", the song has appeared on the majority of Steve Harley/Cockney Rebel compilations. The 1988 re-issue of \"Mr. Soft\" was released under the artist title of Steve Harley and Cockney Rebel. The B-side, \"Mad, Mad Moonlight\", was taken from their 1975 album \"The Best Years of Our Lives\", and included the preceding short album track \"Introducing the Best Years\" at the beginning. The single featured a colour picture sleeve with a close-up photograph of Harley. On the 2012 compilation \"Cavaliers: An Anthology 1973-1974\", an alternate mix of \"Mr. Soft\" appeared on disc three. The song was performed twice on the UK music show \"Top of the Pops\". As Cockney Rebel had disbanded before its release, Harley had to quickly form an impromptu band to perform on the show \"Top of the Pops\". For the 15 August performance, Harley appeared with original Cockney Rebel drummer Stuart Elliott, the new Cockney Rebel guitarist Jim Cregan and bassist George Ford, and Francis Monkman on keyboards. For the 22 August performance, Ford was replaced by Herbie Flowers and Monkman was replaced by B. A. Robertson. For the band's concerts at Aylesbury Friars on 24 August and Reading Festival on 25 August, the Harley/Elliott/Cregan/Ford/Monkman line-up was re-established. Soon afterwards, Monkman would be replaced by keyboardist Duncan Mackay, completing the new permanent line-up, which from then began to record and perform live as Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel. In the Netherlands, the new line-up performed the song on AVRO TV show \"TopPop\". Later in 1983, Harley also appeared on the Channel 4 show \"Gastank\", hosted by former Yes keyboardist Rick Wakeman. During his appearance, Harley performed a slower, revised version of the song with the house band. The song has consistently been a popular inclusion of Harley and the band's concerts. As a result, live versions of the song have also been recorded and released. On 28 May 1974, the original line-up performed it during a BBC session for John Peel, which was later released on the 1995 compilation \"Live at the BBC\" and \"Cavaliers: An Anthology 1973–1974\". On 14 April 1975, Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel performed the song as part of their set at the Hammersmith Odeon, London. The concert was filmed and released as a film titled \"Between the Lines\". Another live version was included on the band's 1977 album \"\". The song was later performed at the band's 1984 concert at the Camden Palace, London, which was filmed for TV and released on the VHS \"Live from London\" in 1985. In 1989, the band's concert at Brighton, which included the song, was released on the VHS \"\". Further live version's also appeared on 1999's \"Stripped to the Bare Bones\", 2003's \"\", 2004's \"Anytime! (A Live Set)\", and 2005's \"Live at the Isle of Wight Festival\" DVD. In November 2012, the band performed the song live at the Birmingham Symphony Hall. On the night, Harley and the band, supported by an orchestra and chamber choir, performed the first two Cockney Rebel albums in their entirety, including \"Mr. Soft\". It was released on CD and DVD in 2013 as \"Birmingham (Live with Orchestra & Choir)\". Upon release, Charles Shaar Murray of \"New Musical Express\" felt that \"most\" of \"The Psychomodo\" was \"disposable\", but added that \"Mr Soft\" \"succeeds primarily on the strength of the arrangement, a kind of modified Brechtian cabaret vamp of the kind that Bowie tackled on \"Time\".\" He added: \"What makes this one work is a '50s doo-wop backing vocal which maintains interest for most of the track's three minutes and 17 seconds.\" \"Record Mirror\" described the song as \"plain loony\". \"Daily", "performed the song live at the Birmingham Symphony Hall. On the night, Harley and the band, supported by an orchestra and chamber choir, performed the first two Cockney Rebel albums in their entirety, including \"Mr. Soft\". It was released on CD and DVD in 2013 as \"Birmingham (Live with Orchestra & Choir)\". Upon release, Charles Shaar Murray of \"New Musical Express\" felt that \"most\" of \"The Psychomodo\" was \"disposable\", but added that \"Mr Soft\" \"succeeds primarily on the strength of the arrangement, a kind of modified Brechtian cabaret vamp of the kind that Bowie tackled on \"Time\".\" He added: \"What makes this one work is a '50s doo-wop backing vocal which maintains interest for most of the track's three minutes and 17 seconds.\" \"Record Mirror\" described the song as \"plain loony\". \"Daily Mirror\" commented: \"Steve Harley and his band have a rough brush with a violin and a touch of the cossacks as they wend their way through a creepy camper.\" Dave Thompson of AllMusic retrospectively highlighted the song as an album standout by labeling it an AMG Pick Track. He commented how, as the follow-up to the band's first hit \"Judy Teen\", \"Mr Soft\" \"rode his bloodied big top themes into town and Rebelmania erupted\". Reviewer George Starostin, for his website, labelled \"Mr. Soft\" as the second best song on \"The Psychomodo\". He described the song as having \"music-hall gloomy goofiness\" and being \"the closest Cockney Rebel ever came to perfectly capturing the tongue-in-cheek we're-so-Britty-Brit atmosphere of one of their major influences, the Kinks\". Carol Clerk of \"Classic Rock\", in a 2006 review of \"The Cockney Rebel – A Steve Harley Anthology\", commented on the song being \"exquisitely crafted and arranged, and determinedly eccentric to boot\". Chris Roberts of \"Uncut\" wrote: \"Harley's band slid perfectly into the post-Ziggy/Roxy slipstream, all mannered English vocals, florid lyrics and sexual-theatrical rock. Tricksy hits like \"Judy Teen\" and \"Mr Soft\" (riddled with inventive sonic punctuation, also violins) displayed arch wit.\" In 1977, Geoff Barton of \"Sounds\" reviewed the \"Face to Face: A Live Recording\" album. He described the version of \"Mr. Soft\" as \"mildly funky/suddenly rocking\". George Starostin also spoke of this live version in a review of the album for his website, calling it \"an interesting take\" and commenting how Harley gives the song an \"extra soulful tinge, with the subtle cockneyified delivery of old mostly replaced by whimpering, plaintive intonations\". For AllMusic, Thompson retrospectively reviewed the \"Live at the BBC\" album. Speaking of the song's 1974 performance as part of the John Peel Session, he stated: \"Even \"Mr. Soft,\" familiar as the band's latest hit when the session was broadcast, is treated with chilling disregard for its popularity. Its hooks are dragged obscenely out of shape; its friendly quirkiness replaced by skulking insanity. \"Mr. Soft\" is suddenly very hard indeed.\" In 2013, for \"Classic Rock\", Barton reviewed \"Birmingham (Live with Orchestra & Choir)\" and commented: \"The eclectic glam rock of 70s chart-busters \"Judy Teen\" and \"Mr Soft\" is reproduced with stunning accuracy.\" Mr. Soft \"Mr. Soft\" is a song by the British rock band Cockney Rebel, fronted by Steve Harley. It was released in 1974 as the second single from their second studio album \"The Psychomodo\". In the UK, the song became the band's second hit, following the Top 5 success of \"Judy Teen\". \"Mr. Soft\" was written by Harley, and produced by Harley and Alan Parsons. By the time \"Judy Teen\" successfully broke Cockney Rebel in the UK charts in May 1974, the band" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Gerard Kearns Gerard Kearns (born 4 October 1984) is an English actor. He is best known for his roles as Ian gallagher in \"shameless\". He is best known for his role as Ian Gallagher in the Channel 4 television series \"Shameless\". He first appeared in the role in 2004 and was one of the original characters. In April 2010, Kearns announced that he was quitting the role to pursue other projects. Kearns starred in the film \"The Mark of Cain\", for Film4 Productions, based on British soldiers' abuse of Iraqi prisoners. It premiered at the International Film Festival Rotterdam in February 2007. He has also starred in the short films \"Grandad\" and \"The 10th Man\" and has appeared in a number of TV shows such as \"The Commander\" starring Amanda Burton. In 2007 he appeared in the videos for The View double A-side \"The Don\" and \"Skag Trendy\". In 2011 he also featured as a voice over for BBC's GCSE Bitesize Revision. Kearns was cast in the second series of the BBC 1 daytime show \"Moving On\". The episode \"Trust\", directed by Illy, tells the story of Kearns's character Jack, who is caught trying to burgle the house of elderly ex-boxer Eddie, played by Roy Marsden. He has also made several appearances in The Accrington Pals, a play by Peter Whelan, portraying the character 'Ralph', a young volunteer officer during the First World War. He also starred opposite Matthew Kelly in the West End play Sign of the Times. Kearns also starred in the BBC drama Our World War, marking the centenary of the First World War. From Mossley, near Ashton-under-Lyne, Greater Manchester, he was educated in Oldham at St Augustine's Catholic School. He later studied at Ashton Sixth Form College in Ashton-under-Lyne. He is a supporter of Manchester City F.C. Kearns is married to Sarah Kearns since 30 December 2017. Together they have two sons; Aiden James Kearns and James Aiden Kearns. Gerard Kearns Gerard Kearns (born 4 October 1984) is an English actor. He is best known for his roles as Ian gallagher in \"shameless\". He is best known for his role as Ian Gallagher in the Channel 4 television series \"Shameless\". He first appeared in the role in 2004 and was one of the original characters. In April 2010, Kearns announced that he was quitting the role to pursue other projects. Kearns starred in the film \"The" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Woodman's of Essex Woodman’s of Essex is a seafood restaurant in Essex, Massachusetts (approximately north of Boston). A local favorite, it is also known internationally for its fried clams and New England clam bakes. Woodman’s has been a family business since its founding in 1914, and is a large employer in the area with over 200 staff during the summer months. In 1914 Lawrence Henry \"Chubby\" Woodman and his wife Bessie opened up a clam shack on Essex's Main Street, more commonly known to locals as \"the causeway\". Chubby and Bessie sold freshly dug steamer clams as well as ice cream and homemade potato chips. According to legend, Chubby invented the Ipswich fried clams on July 3, 1916. The company website says this happened during a visit from a friend and fisherman, Mr. Tarr of neighboring Gloucester, Chubby took his suggestion to put some clams into the oil used for deep-frying the potato chips. Some modifications were made, such as dipping the clams in evaporated milk and corn flour, and the fried clam was born. The traditional New England clam bake is a long process. Chubby Woodman came up with the idea of mobilizing it—a truck was loaded up with food, boilers, and wood, and the clambake was done at the customer's preferred location. Today, Woodman's sells \"clambakes to go,\" consisting of all the necessary ingredients such as lobster, clams, potatoes, and corn. Dependence on the clam has brought risk to the restaurant. In 2005, the red tide was quite severe, leading to lower supplies and price increases. Woodman's was forced to import clams from Canada. Woodman's reputation is recognized in many travel and restaurant guides, such as Frommer's \"New England\", Fodor included the restaurant in their \"Where to Weekend Around Boston\", and the \"Phantom Gourmet Guide to Boston's Best Restaurants 2008\" affirms it has the best fried clams. The 2010 film Grown Ups uses the restaurant for a segment when all the characters in the film go out for a family dinner, although hamburgers and not fried clams were portrayed as the restaurant's specialty. Woodman's of Essex Woodman’s of Essex is a seafood restaurant in Essex, Massachusetts (approximately north of Boston). A local favorite, it is also known internationally for its fried clams and New England clam bakes. Woodman’s has been a family business since its founding in 1914, and is a large employer in the area with over" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Krishna Kuchela Krishna Kuchela is 1961 Mythological Malaylam film telling the story of Krishna and Kuchelan.The movie was directed and produced by Kunchacko, Starring Prem Nazir, KPAC Sulochana, Harikeshan Thampi, T. S. Muthaiah, Ambika Sukumaran. The story is the Mythological relationship between Krishna and Kuchelan. The music was composed by K. Raghavan and lyrics was written by P. Bhaskaran. The film was released on 18 November 1961 with huge expectation but Bombed in the Boxoffice. The presence of Prem Nazir as Krishna, T S Muthiah as Kuchela and KPAC Sulochana as Kuchela’s wife simply failed to attract viewers to the theatres. It also get a huge competition from Bhakta Kuchela released a week before, which also having the same plot.Bhakta Kuchela was a Blockbuster at the box office,in the shadow Krishna Kuchela Bombed. Krishna Kuchela Krishna Kuchela is 1961 Mythological Malaylam film telling the story of Krishna and Kuchelan.The movie was directed and produced by Kunchacko, Starring Prem Nazir, KPAC Sulochana, Harikeshan Thampi, T. S. Muthaiah, Ambika Sukumaran. The story is the Mythological relationship between Krishna and Kuchelan. The music was composed by K. Raghavan and lyrics was written by P. Bhaskaran. The film was released on 18 November 1961" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Forum Music Village Forum Music Village (previously called Ortophonic recording studio) is a recording studio located in Rome, Italy underneath the Sacro Cuore di Maria. It was founded by Ennio Morricone, Armando Trovajoli, Luis Bacalov and Piero Piccioni with the studio manager and producer Enrico De Melis in 1969. The studio has some peculiarities one of them is the ability to record a church organ directly to the studio. Founder and Academy Award winner Ennio Morricone has been using the studio to create his scores for the past forty years. The studio has hosted many directors who have worked alongside him, including Brian De Palma, Oliver Stone and Barry Levinson. The Academy Award-winning scores of \"\" by Luis Bacalov and \"Life Is Beautiful\" by Nicola Piovani were recorded in Studio A of Forum Music Village. The studio has played host to international artists such as Quincy Jones, Placido Domingo, Andrea Bocelli, Red Hot Chili Peppers, will.i.am, Morrissey and Cher. Forum Music Village Forum Music Village (previously called Ortophonic recording studio) is a recording studio located in Rome, Italy underneath the Sacro Cuore di Maria. It was founded by Ennio Morricone, Armando Trovajoli, Luis Bacalov and Piero Piccioni with the studio" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Sweet Nightingale Sweet Nightingale, also known as Down in those valleys below, is a Cornish folk song. The song makes euphemistic reference to sexual activity (to \"hear the nightingale sing\"). The Roud number is 371. According to Robert Bell, who published it in his 1846 \"Ancient Poems, Ballads and Songs of the Peasantry of England\", the song \"may be confidently assigned to the seventeenth century, [and] is said to be a translation from the ancient Cornish tongue. We first heard it in Germany, in the pleasure-gardens of the Marienberg, on the Moselle. The singers were four Cornish miners, who were at that time, 1854, employed at some lead mines near the town of Zell. The leader or 'Captain,' John Stocker, said that the song was an established favourite with the lead miners of Cornwall and Devonshire, and was always sung on the pay-days, and at the wakes; and that his grandfather, who died thirty years before, at the age of a hundred years, used to sing the song, and say that it was very old.\" Inglis Gundry included it in his 1966 book \"Canow Kernow: Songs and Dances from Cornwall\". The tune was collected by Rev. Sabine Baring-Gould from E. G. Stevens of St Ives, Cornwall. According to Gundry, Baring-Gould \"tells us that 'a good many old men in Cornwall' gave him this song 'and always to the same air', which may explain why it is still so widespread. 'They assert,' he continues, 'that it is a duet'.\" One of the lyrics in Thomas Arne's 1761 ballad opera \"Thomas and Sally\" has similarities with the words given by Bell, but Arne's tune is quite different. The narrative of the song is somewhat similar to the Cornish language song Delkiow Sivy. ‘My sweetheart, come along! Don’t you hear the fond song, The sweet notes of the nightingale flow? Don’t you hear the fond tale Of the sweet nightingale, As she sings in those valleys below? So be not afraid To walk in the shade, Nor yet in those valleys below, Nor yet in those valleys below. ‘Pretty Betsy, don’t fail, For I’ll carry your pail, Safe home to your cot as we go; You shall hear the fond tale Of the sweet nightingale, As she sings in those valleys below.’ But she was afraid To walk in the shade, To walk in those valleys below, To walk in those valleys below. ‘Pray let me alone, I have hands of my own; Along with you I will not go, To hear the fond tale Of the sweet nightingale, As she sings in those valleys below; For I am afraid To walk in the shade, To walk in those valleys below, To walk in those valleys below.’ ‘Pray sit yourself down With me on the ground, On this bank where sweet primroses grow; You shall hear the fond tale Of the sweet nightingale, As she sings in those valleys below; So be not afraid To walk in the shade, Nor yet in those valleys below, Nor yet in those valleys below.’ This couple agreed; They were married with speed, And soon to the church they did go. She was no more afraid For to walk in the shade, Nor yet in those valleys below: Nor to hear the fond tale Of the sweet nightingale, As she sung in those valleys below, As she sung in those valleys below. Sweet Nightingale Sweet Nightingale, also known as Down in those valleys below, is a Cornish folk song. The song makes euphemistic reference to sexual activity (to \"hear the nightingale sing\"). The Roud number is 371." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "East Howe East Howe is a residential district of the town of Bournemouth, Dorset on the south coast of England. The district takes its name from the now-archaic English word \"howe\", variously defined as denoting a depression or a stretch of high ground. There is a ridge of high ground stretching across to the west, which appears to have given rise to the toponyms High Howe, West Howe and East Howe, certainly prior to 1826 when all three settlements were marked on Greenwood's map of Dorset. Previously, a 'How Corner' had featured on Paterson's 1785 map of Dorset, seemingly denoting a bend in the Poole to Ringwood road (now the A348) as it passed through the High Howe area. East Howe is approached from the ancient district of Kinson via East Howe Lane, which was known as 'Headless Cross Lane' in the 1920s on account of the T-shape formed by its junction with Wimborne Road. This T-junction was marked as 'Headless Cross' on Ordnance Survey maps between 1888 and 1969. Previously it had been known as 'Rigler's Cross' after William Rigler, a landowner at the time of the 1851 census, whose descendants still live in the Kinson and East Howe areas. The junction was reconfigured in 1962 when Broadway Lane was extended to meet up with Headless Cross; around the same time, land on the south-west side of the junction was acquired by Bournemouth Borough Council who proceeded to lay it out as a recreation area. The area was to be christened 'Headless Cross Park', but on reflection this was thought to sound too gruesome and 'East Howe Recreation Ground' was suggested as an alternative. Further south, East Howe Lane is joined by Brook Road in which there once stood Howe Lodge, an eighteenth-century property, thought to have been home to the local smuggler and landowner Isaac Gulliver. Described as a \"rambling battlemented manor house\", it was demolished in 1958 to allow for road-widening. Its last tenant prior to demolition was William Charles Veal, who rented it from Bournemouth Borough Council and ran a timber-yard there; when digging in the garden, soon after he moved in around 1947, he came upon a brick tunnel and was able to walk along it for 30 or 40 yards before it came to a sudden stop. The tunnel was accessed via a cellar beneath a trapdoor in the living room, presumably a relic of Gulliver's smuggling past. East Howe East Howe is a residential district of the town of Bournemouth, Dorset on the south coast of England. The district takes its name from the now-archaic English word \"howe\", variously defined as denoting a depression or a stretch of high ground. There is a ridge of high ground stretching across to the west, which appears to have given rise to the toponyms High Howe, West Howe and East Howe, certainly prior to 1826 when all three settlements were marked on Greenwood's map of Dorset. Previously, a 'How Corner' had featured on Paterson's 1785 map" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Clarence Zener Clarence Melvin Zener (December 1, 1905 – July 2, 1993) was the American physicist who first (1934) described the property concerning the breakdown of electrical insulators. These findings were later exploited by Bell Labs in the development of the Zener diode, which was duly named after him. Zener was a theoretical physicist with a background in mathematics who conducted research in a wide range of subjects including: superconductivity, metallurgy, ferromagnetism, elasticity, fracture mechanics, diffusion, and geometric programming. Zener was born in Indianapolis, Indiana and earned his PhD in physics under Edwin Kemble at Harvard in 1929. His thesis was entitled \"Quantum Mechanics of the Formation of Certain Types of Diatomic Molecules\". In 1957 he received the Bingham Medal for his work in rheology, in 1959 received the John Price Wetherill Medal from The Franklin Institute and in 1985 received the \"ICIFUAS Prize\" for his seminal work on anelasticity of metals. A notable doctoral student of Zener's was John B. Goodenough and Arthur S. Nowick held a postdoctoral appointment under Zener. Zener was known both for his dislike of experimental work and for preferring to work on practical problems within the arena of applied physics, in which he was very insightful. Although he had a reputation of being very successful in these endeavors, he apparently considered himself as being less qualified to work on purely theoretical physics problems. In recognition of this, he once commented that after dining with physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer: \"when it came to fundamental physics, it was clear there was no point in competing with a person like that.\" Zener held the following posts/appointments: He was a research fellow at the University of Bristol from 1932 to 1934. He taught at Washington University in St. Louis (1935–1937), the City College of New York (1937–1940), and Washington State University (1940–1942) before working at the Watertown Arsenal during World War II. After the war, he taught at University of Chicago (1945–1951) where he was Professor of Physics, before being appointed as Director of Science at Pittsburgh's Westinghouse (1951–1965). Here he developed his system of Geometric programming, which he used to solve engineering problems using adjustable parameters, defined by mathematical functions. Using this, Zener modelled designs for heat exchangers, to perform ocean thermal energy conversion, and discovered the most suitable areas for their deployment; many of these models are still being used today. Following his career at Westinghouse, Zener returned to teaching, leaving Pittsburgh briefly to become a professor at Texas A&M University (1966–1968) but returned to finish his career at Carnegie Mellon University (1968–1993). Clarence Zener Clarence Melvin Zener (December 1, 1905 – July 2, 1993) was the American physicist who first (1934) described the property concerning the breakdown of electrical insulators. These findings were later exploited by Bell Labs in the development of the Zener diode, which was duly named after him. Zener was a theoretical physicist with a background in mathematics who conducted research in a wide range of subjects including: superconductivity, metallurgy, ferromagnetism, elasticity," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority light rail VTA Light Rail is a light rail system serving San Jose, California and its suburbs in Silicon Valley. It is operated by the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority, or VTA, and consists of of network comprising two main lines and a spur line on standard gauge tracks. Originally opened in 1987, the light rail system has gradually expanded since then, and currently has 62 light rail stations in operation on the three lines. VTA operates a fleet of 99 Kinki Sharyo Low Floor Light Rail Vehicles (LFLRV) to service its passengers. The system's average weekday daily ridership as of Q4 2015 is 33,400 passengers; the greatest daily average recorded over a month was 37,536 in June 2008. VTA operates of light rail route on 3 lines. There are 4 major corridors of light rail which the lines run on. The first and most important is the Guadalupe Corridor in South San Jose along CA-87 north to Tasman Station, which runs through Downtown San Jose and the business areas of central and North San Jose. It is serviced by two lines, making frequency along this corridor around 7.5 minutes. Other corridors include the Tasman East/Capitol Corridor in East San Jose, the Mountain View/Tasman West corridor in Northwest Silicon Valley, and the Winchester corridor, which services communities in Campbell and West San Jose. Frequency along these corridors are around 15–30 minutes. All the lines and the corridors they run through are designed to move commuters from the suburban areas of Santa Clara Valley into the major business areas in Downtown, the Santa Clara County Civic Center, and the high-tech and office areas of northern Silicon Valley. Light Rail also serves to connect commuters/travelers to the San Jose International Airport, Diridon Station and the transit systems it serves: (Caltrain, ACE, the Coast Starlight, the Capitol Corridor); and moves LRT riders to and from Silicon Valley, the Greater Bay Area, and beyond. Eventually BART and California High Speed Rail will connect with light rail and the other rail systems served by Diridon Station. Designated as 901, this line runs from the Alum Rock Transit Center in east San Jose near Alum Rock to Santa Teresa station in the Santa Teresa neighborhood of San Jose, passing through Milpitas and downtown San Jose on the way. When BART inaugurates service from Fremont's Warm Springs Station to San Jose's Berryessa district (estimated mid 2018), this VTA line will connect with BART's Milpitas Station at VTA's Montague Station. There are 36 stops on this line. South of downtown San Jose, the line operates in the median of State Route 87 and 85. A proposed future expansion will extend the line past Alum Rock along Capitol Ave. and Capitol Expressway to the Eastridge Transit Center, which would effectively duplicate (and possibly replace) the current service by the 522 bus line along this corridor. Introduced in October 2010 as a complementary service to the Alum Rock–Santa Teresa light rail line, the weekday, peak-period only Commuter Express light rail service operated between Baypointe and Santa Teresa stations. This service, with three trips each in the morning (to Baypointe) and in the afternoon (to Santa Teresa) stopped at every station, with nonstop service between Convention Center and Ohlone/Chynoweth stations. This service offeee free WiFi on board, and fares were the same as other local light rail services. On August 2, 2018, the VTA Board voted to discontinue Commuter Express service effective October 8, 2018 to reduce operating costs. Designated as 902, this line runs from Downtown Mountain View station in Mountain View through Sunnyvale, Santa Clara, and San Jose along Tasman Drive, North First Street, Downtown San Jose, and the Southwest Expressway on its way to its terminus at the Winchester station in western Campbell. It has 37 stops, 14 of which are shared with the Alum Rock–Santa Teresa Line. To reach San Jose Diridon Station (interchange to Amtrak and commuter rail services) the line tunnels under the station and rail yard. South of Diridon Station, the line travels alongside Union Pacific Railroad freight tracks en route to Winchester. Designated as 900, this is a 3-stop spur from the Ohlone/Chyoweth station to Almaden station at the Almaden Expressway in the Almaden Valley. The Ohlone/Chynoweth station provides connection to the Alum Rock–Santa Teresa Line, the intermediate stop serves the Westfield Oakridge mall, and the Almaden station connects to VTA bus service. The shuttle, which runs a single 1-car train, takes about 4 minutes to travel between Ohlone/Chynoweth and Almaden. This line has one track, with sidings at Almaden and Ohlone Chynoweth. With the commencement of BART service to San Jose, light rail operations will be reconfigured to provide for increased ridership. Lines will be referred to by colors: Alum Rock–Santa Teresa will retain its Blue Line; Mountain View–Winchester will be truncated to Old Ironsides station, but will also retain the Green Line; the Almaden Shuttle will be recolored to the Purple Line; Commuter Express will gain the designation of Yellow Line (with service doubled to six trains during commute hours); and a new Orange Line will run from Alum Rock to Mountain View. Unusually for light rail systems in the United States, most VTA Light Rail stops are made by request. Similar to VTA's bus network, passengers must be visible to the operator while waiting at stations, and must notify the operator using the bell before the train arrives at their destination. Trains will typically skip stops (other than line termini) if no one is waiting on the platform and no one requests to disembark. , the fare for one single ride for adult passengers is $2.25. This fare is standard for both Light Rail and Bus transit, and is good for two hours of travel. No transfer fees between light rail vehicles are required, but upon inquiry riders must provide a proof-of-payment. Passengers without a ticket could be fined up to $250, under Penal Code 640. Monthly passes loaded onto Clipper cards are also valid on Light Rail. From 1987 until September 2003, the system was served by a fleet of high-floor light rail vehicles built by Urban Transportation Development Corporation. In 2002, VTA introduced new Kinki Sharyo low-floor light rail vehicles. The low-floors initially operated only on the Tasman West line (Downtown Mountain View to I-880/Milpitas) because their floor height only matched the platform height along that line. After VTA reconstructed platforms along North First Street from the Japantown/Ayer stop northward (with wooden ramps provided for the lead car's front door elsewhere), VTA replaced the entire fleet in 2003 with low-floor LRVs. Currently, all stations provide level boarding at all doors. Most of the original high-floor fleet was sold: 29 (802–830) to Utah Transit Authority, and 20 (831–850) to Sacramento Regional Transit. Car 801 was retained as a wrecker. VTA also maintains a small historical fleet of streetcars, which are free to ride in History Park at Kelley Park. On March 21, 2008, at approximately 7:10 p.m., a southbound 2-car light rail train derailed just north of the Virginia station. Four people, including the train operator, were injured, and the train was heavily damaged. At the time of the accident, trains were operating on a single track through the area because of construction at three nearby light rail stations. The train involved was attempting to switch between tracks when it derailed. VTA ruled out mechanical or equipment failure as a cause for the accident. An investigation indicated human error (\"the train traveling southbound stopped over the switch and reversed, which are violations of operating rules\"). On July 8, 2018, at around 12:34 p.m., a northbound single car light rail train collided with a car in the Lincoln Avenue crossing near Auzerais Avenue on the Mountain View-Winchester Line. Two occupants", "train derailed just north of the Virginia station. Four people, including the train operator, were injured, and the train was heavily damaged. At the time of the accident, trains were operating on a single track through the area because of construction at three nearby light rail stations. The train involved was attempting to switch between tracks when it derailed. VTA ruled out mechanical or equipment failure as a cause for the accident. An investigation indicated human error (\"the train traveling southbound stopped over the switch and reversed, which are violations of operating rules\"). On July 8, 2018, at around 12:34 p.m., a northbound single car light rail train collided with a car in the Lincoln Avenue crossing near Auzerais Avenue on the Mountain View-Winchester Line. Two occupants of the car were killed. The train operator was taken to a hospital according to standard operating procedures. The twenty passengers on the train were not seriously injured. The lead segment of the train (934B) left the tracks and knocked down a pole supporting the LRT catenary wires. VTA has considered plans to increase the overall speed of its light rail system. These include adding fences along track on North First Street, which would increase speed along this corridor to 45 mph, and a new Great America station to better facilitate transfers to commuter rail. In 2000, voters approved Measure A, which was to provide funding for two new light rail corridors. Some of the proposed corridors were through office parks in Sunnyvale and Cupertino, an extension further into Santa Teresa and to Coyote Valley, Stevens Creek Boulevard, El Camino Real, and routes in North County and Palo Alto. However, VTA ultimately opted to build line going through Campbell to Winchester and the Vasona Junction, a route along Alum Rock Avenue to Downtown San Jose, and an extension along Capitol Expressway. VTA completed most of the Vasona extension in 2005, and plans to begin construction on the light rail extension along Capitol Expressway in 2012. However, VTA lacked sufficient funds to build light rail along Alum Rock Avenue. The originally planned light rail route in Alum Rock, as well as one on El Camino Real, will instead be built as Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). In 2005, VTA extended light rail service to Winchester station, completing most of a proposed light rail extension to Los Gatos, California. The Vasona Light Rail Extension would complete the original proposed extension. The additional extension is 1.57 miles long and will run alongside Union Pacific Railroad lines. Construction will include lengthening of platforms at the Winchester, Campbell, Hamilton, Bascom, Fruitdale and Race stations. Two new stations (Hacienda and Vasona) will be constructed with the entire project costs projected to be $157 million. The VTA Board of Directors approved a Supplemental Environment Impact Report in February 2014 . The construction schedule is dependent upon available funding. The first phase of the light rail extension will continue south of the Alum Rock station to the Eastridge Transit Center. Running on an elevated median along Capitol Expressway, it will be designed to provide a competitive commute time to driving on the expressway, which is generally considered one of the most congested traffic corridors in Silicon Valley. In 2012, VTA finished improving pedestrian and bus conditions on Capitol Expressway, with new sidewalks, bus shelters and improved landscaping. Eastridge Transit Center was rebuilt in 2015. Construction of the extension is scheduled to begin in 2019 and be complete in 2022. There will be two stations: Story Road and Eastridge, with an optional intermediate station at Ocala Avenue. The pedestrian improvements and first phase of construction is expected to cost $60 million. The second phase of extension will travel south of Eastridge into South San Jose and will connect with VTA's Capitol station. Santa Clara Valley" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Ghouls (video game) Ghouls is an 8-bit computer game written by David Hoskins and published in the UK by Micro Power. It was released on the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Commodore 64 and Amstrad CPC in 1984. Ghouls is a platform game, set in a creepy mansion on top of a hill. The player character has the appearance of a Pac-Man sprite on legs and in a similarity to that game can also eat yellow dots for extra points. The main goal of the game however, is to obtain the treasure which is guarded by the deadly inhabitants of the mansion. The player must make their way through rooms such as \"Spectre's Lair\", \"Horrid Hall\", \"The Spider's Parlour\" and \"Death Tower\". Various in-game objects must be negotiatied such as poison-smeared spikes, moving platforms, contracting floorboards, powerful springs and bouncing spiders. The game was well received by the gaming press. The Micro User said the game is \"simple but effective\". They were particularly impressed with the presentation of the game stating \"The game is visually successful in creating a spooky setting, and choosing to play with sound effects only enhances the atmosphere\". Electron User also praised the graphics and \"eerie sounds\", labeling the game \"extremely addictive\" and concluding \"We've come to expect high standard games from Micro Power and \"Ghouls\" is one of their best!\". Ghouls (video game) Ghouls is an 8-bit computer game written by David Hoskins and published in the UK by Micro Power. It was released on the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Commodore 64 and Amstrad CPC in 1984. Ghouls is a platform game, set in a creepy mansion on top of a hill. The player character has the appearance of a Pac-Man sprite on legs and in a similarity to that game can also eat yellow dots" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Expect No Quarter Tour The Expect No Quarter Tour was a concert tour by American rock band ZZ Top. Launched in support of \"Degüello\", the band performed in coliseums from 1979 through 1981. Unlike the previous Worldwide Texas Tour, the Expect No Quarter Tour's stage set was simple and featured a drum riser with an animated screen of the band's logo. The tour saw band members Billy Gibbons and Dusty Hill sport chest-length beards. The Expect No Quarter Tour had three legs and 79 shows. The tour took ZZ Top to Europe for the first time. The set list included material from \"Degüello\" and their previous albums, along with several covers. A concert in Essen, Germany was filmed as part of the \"Rockpalast\" German television series, and was included on the DVD \"Double Down Live\" released in October 2009. Out of the 118 concerts performed during the Expect No Quarter Tour, each show had a similar set list, with 19-24 songs played. The concerts began with mariachi-style music, with which the band members would walk on stage and begin the show. The March 21, 1980 concert at Riverfront Coliseum in Cincinnati was the first concert at the arena since 11 persons were killed in a crowd crush at The Who concert on December 3, 1979. Each concert opened with a cover of Sam & Dave's \"I Thank You\", which often segued into \"Waitin' for the Bus\" and \"Jesus Just Left Chicago.\" Following these songs, the band performed \"Precious and Grace\", \"I'm Bad, I'm Nationwide\", \"Manic Mechanic\", \"Lowdown in the Street\", and \"Heard It on the X.\" Every show included \"A Fool for Your Stockings\"; Gibbons gave a sermon leading into a short guitar solo that brought the song to a close. Many shows included \"Arrested for Driving While Blind\"; \"Nasty Dogs and Funky Kings\", \"El Diablo\", and \"Cheap Sunglasses\", and \"Beer Drinkers and Hell Raisers\" were played at every show. \"La Grange\" was played at the end of the main set, often performed as a medley with a cover of \"Sloppy Drunk Blues\" and \"Bar-B-Q.\" After a brief break, the band would return to perform \"She Loves My Automobile\" and \"Hi-Fi Mama.\" Both songs were performed with pre-recorded horn section parts; a video shown behind the stage featured Gibbons, Hill, and drummer Frank Beard playing saxophones. Gibbons introduced themselves as the \"Lone Wolf Horns\", a nod to their manager Bill Ham who was a part of the Lone Wolf Management Company in Austin, Texas. The rest of the first encore typically consisted of a cover of Elmore James' \"Dust My Broom\" followed, along with Elvis Presley's \"Jailhouse Rock.\" \"Tush\" usually closed the show. A total of 26 different songs were played throughout the tour. An early version of \"Tube Snake Boogie\" and \"Just Got Paid\" were performed at the concert in Essen, Germany as a second encore. \"Francine\" and a cover of Robert Parker's \"Barefootin'\" were played only once. Expect No Quarter Tour The Expect No Quarter Tour was a" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Frankie Fredericks Frank \"Frankie\" Fredericks (born 2 October 1967) is a former track and field athlete from Namibia. Running in the 100 metres and 200 metres, he won four silver medals at the Olympic Games (two in 1992 and two in 1996), making him Namibia's so far only Olympic medalist. He also won gold medals at the World Championships, World Indoor Championships, All-Africa Games and Commonwealth Games. He is the world indoor record-holder for 200 metres, with a time of 19.92 seconds set in 1996. Fredericks has broken 20 seconds for the 200 metres 24 times. He also holds the third-fastest non-winning time for the 200 metres. In August 1996, Fredericks ran 19.68 seconds in the Olympic final in Atlanta, Georgia. He is also the oldest man to have broken 20 seconds for the 200 metres. On 12 July 2002 in Rome, Fredericks won the 200 metres in a time of 19.99 seconds at the age of 34 years 283 days. He is currently serving as a council member in the IAAF. On March 3, 2017, Fredericks was implicated in the IAAF corruption scandal, stemming from a large cash payment he received in 2009. Born in Windhoek on 2 October 1967, Frankie Fredericks was awarded a scholarship at Brigham Young University in the US in 1987. During his college career, Fredericks earned numerous All-American citations and won three NCAA championships. In 1990, after his country had become independent of South Africa, Fredericks could participate in international competition. At the World Championships in 1991, Fredericks won a silver medal in the 200 m, finishing behind Michael Johnson, and placed 5th in the 100 m. The following year, at the Barcelona 1992 Summer Olympics, Fredericks became Namibia's first Olympic medalist when he finished second in both the 100 m and 200 m. He won the silver medal in the men's 100-metre dash, with a time of 10.02 seconds, just .06 seconds behind the gold medal winner. In 1993, in Stuttgart, he became the nation's first World Champion, winning the 200 m. At the 1994 Commonwealth Games, he won gold in the 200 m and bronze in the 100 m. His time of 19.97 seconds in the 200 metres is the current Commonwealth Games record. At the 1995 World Championships 100 m, after crossing the line he immediately went to help his friend Linford Christie who pulled a muscle in the race and signalled for help. This act of kindness endeared him to many (particularly British) athletics fans. For the 1996 Summer Olympics, Fredericks was among the title favourites for both the 100 m and 200 m. He reached both finals, and again finished second in both. In the 100 m, he was beaten by Donovan Bailey, who set a new World Record, and in the 200 m he was beaten by Michael Johnson, who also set a new World Record. At the time, Fredericks's second-place run was the third fastest run in history, beaten only by Johnson (twice). At the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Frankie once again missed out on the chance of gold in the 100 m; he was beaten by Ato Boldon of Trinidad and Tobago. Suffering from injuries, Fredericks had to withdraw from the 1999 and 2001 World Championships, and the 2000 Summer Olympics. Fredericks won the 200 m at the inaugural Afro-Asian Games in 2003. In the 200 m final at the 2004 Summer Olympics he finished 4th. After the end of 2004 outdoor season, Fredericks retired from competition. He had run the 100 m under 10 seconds 27 times, remained the 10th best in history until recently. In 2004 Fredericks became a member of the International Olympic Committee. In 2009 Fredericks became the head of the Athletics Namibia in a controversial leadership contest. In 2012 Fredericks was nominated to be a member of the International Olympic Committee. Frankie Fredericks is a member of the ‘Champions for Peace’ club, a group of 54 famous elite athletes committed to serving peace in the world through sport, created by Peace and Sport, a Monaco-based international organisation. On March 3, 2017, French newspaper Le Monde reported that Fredericks was under investigation for a $299,300 USD payment from Pamodzi Sports Consulting, a company owned by Papa Massata Diack (the son of disgraced former IAAF head Lamine Diack, who is currently facing corruption charges in France). The payment went to Yemi Limited, a company set up by Fredericks in the Seychelles, a tax haven, and was made on Oct. 2, 2009, the same day as Rio was announced as the winning bid for the 2016 Olympics. Fredericks has denied that the payment has anything to do with the Olympic bid, but instead says it was fees paid for consulting services he provided for \"a relay championships\" and marketing programs related to an African championships and other IAAF programs. When the allegation was made Fredericks was the chair of the 2024 Olympic bid evaluation committee. On March 6, 2017, Fredericks stepped down from his position in the IAAF task force that is evaluating if or when to re-admit Russia's national sport body RusAF after a widespread doping scandal. On March 7, 2017 the Ethic Commission of the IOC recommended a provisionally suspension of Fredericks from his IOC-related duties. Prior to the IOC Executive meeting Fredericks while maintaining his innocence withdrew from his position as the Chair of the 2024 Olympic bidding process \"in the best interests\" of the process. Frankie Fredericks Frank \"Frankie\" Fredericks (born 2 October 1967) is a former track and field athlete from Namibia. Running in the 100 metres and 200 metres, he won four silver medals at the Olympic Games (two in 1992 and two in 1996), making him Namibia's so far only Olympic medalist. He also won gold medals at the World Championships, World Indoor Championships, All-Africa Games and Commonwealth Games. He is the world indoor record-holder for 200 metres, with a time of 19.92 seconds set in 1996. Fredericks has broken 20 seconds for the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "SOAR (spaceplane) SOAR was a partially reusable air-launched spaceplane launch system concept designed to launch small satellites on a suborbital or orbital trajectory. The vehicle, derived from the Hermes spacecraft developed by the European Space Agency, was planned to be built, launched, and operated by Swiss Space Systems. The spaceplane was planned to launch from an Airbus A300 aircraft named S3 Zero Gravity Airliner. Once at altitude, the spaceplane was planned to separate from the aircraft and ignite an NK-39 engine developed by Russian Federal Space Agency. After fuel depletion at about 80 kilometers altitude, the plane was planned to release its payload before gliding back and landing on Earth. The launch vehicle was planned to also have low Earth orbit capability when launched in conjunction with an expendable upper stage. Swiss Space Systems has contracted the Russian firm RKK Energia to develop the upper stage. With an upper stage, the spacecraft was planned to be able to launch a 250 kilogram payload into orbit. Swiss Space Systems claimed that the spaceplane could cost about one fourth than current suborbital launch costs. The spaceplane was notionally targeted to have its first test launch by 2017. However, following financial trouble, the company was declared bankrupt in a Swiss civil court, ending operations of the company. Swiss Space Systems announced in 2015 that the airplane was planned to begin test flights in 2016. Additionally, by Spring 2016 the company plans to begin drop testing of the spaceplane, which would include dropping a scaled-down boilerplate spacecraft which would autonomously land in an airport. As of September 2014, test firings of the engine were expected to begin in late 2015. The company also partnered with Bauman Moscow State Technical University in 2013. According to Explore Deep Space, this partnership was planned to \"enable the exchange of academicals between Russia and Switzerland\". No missions of the spaceplane were completed. In 2013, Swiss Space Systems declared their intention to eventually upgrade the spaceplane for human spaceflight. The company also announced a partnership with Thales Alenia Space for the design and construction of a pressurized compartment for the spaceplane's occupants. The company announced its intention to use a derivative of SOAR as a new high-speed human transport system instead of space tourism. According to Pascal Jaussi, CEO of the corporation, \"Far from wishing to launch into the space tourism market, we want rather to establish a new mode of air travel based on our satellite launch model that was planned to allow spaceports on different continents to be reached in an hour.\" The company created multiple subsidiaries to support a network of launch and landing sites, with locations in the United States, United Arab Emirates, and Croatia. A subsidiary of the company, S3 USA Operations Inc, was formed in early 2014. The company plans to use the retired Space Shuttle landing site at Kennedy Space Center for the operation of SOAR. In 2015, Swiss Space Systems announced a partnership with the financial institution D&B Group to create a joint subsidiary named S3 Middle East. This partnership, according to Satellite Today, was planned to allow the company to attempt SOAR launch certification in the United Arab Emirates. In March 2016 Amin Forati opened through his company D&B Groups a bank guarantee of 30 Mil $ in favour of S3 but such a large sum didn't save S3 from bankruptcy. Mr.Amin Forati in September runway from Dubai and in November two criminal cases for fraud result opened in UAE against him. SOAR (spaceplane) SOAR was a partially reusable air-launched spaceplane launch system concept designed to launch small satellites on" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Acylglycerone-phosphate reductase In enzymology, an acylglycerone-phosphate reductase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 1-palmitoylglycerol 3-phosphate and NADP, whereas its 3 products are palmitoylglycerone phosphate, NADPH, and H. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD or NADP as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 1-palmitoylglycerol-3-phosphate:NADP oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include palmitoyldihydroxyacetone-phosphate reductase, palmitoyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase, palmitoyl-dihydroxyacetone-phosphate reductase, acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase, and palmitoyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase. This enzyme participates in glycerophospholipid and ether lipid metabolism. Acylglycerone-phosphate reductase In enzymology, an acylglycerone-phosphate reductase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 1-palmitoylglycerol 3-phosphate and NADP, whereas its 3 products are palmitoylglycerone phosphate, NADPH, and H. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD or NADP as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 1-palmitoylglycerol-3-phosphate:NADP oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include palmitoyldihydroxyacetone-phosphate reductase, palmitoyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase, palmitoyl-dihydroxyacetone-phosphate reductase, acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase, and palmitoyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase. This enzyme participates in glycerophospholipid" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Zecchino d'Oro Zecchino d'Oro (; meaning \"Golden Sequin\") is an international children's song festival that has taken place every year since 1959. It is broadcast by Rai 1. It was started by Cino Tortorella, and the first two festivals were held in Milan. In 1961, the festival was taken up by the Antoniano Institute and moved to Bologna. In 2009, Cino Tortorella left Zecchino d'Oro. In 1963, Mariele Ventre, a conductor and director of young performers, created the Piccolo Coro dell'Antoniano Children's Choir (called Piccolo Coro \"Mariele Ventre\" dell'Antoniano after her death in 1995, and directed by Sabrina Simoni). From 1976 the festival took on an international perspective - each year seven Italian songs and seven foreign songs are sung by children and voted for by a children's jury. The winning song is rewarded with the Zecchino d'Oro award. As has been regularly stated during the event, the winners of the Zecchino d'Oro and Zecchino d'Argento are the writers and composers of the songs, not the children who interpret them. This rule applies to all editions. Younger songwriters are Yumiko Ashikawa (芦川祐美子, 7, who also has sung her song), Miruna Codruța Oprea (13), Ioachim Octavian Petre (13) and Lara Polli (13). Zecchino d'Oro Zecchino d'Oro (; meaning \"Golden Sequin\") is an international children's song festival that has taken place every year since 1959. It is broadcast by Rai 1. It was started by Cino Tortorella, and the first two festivals were held in Milan. In 1961, the festival was taken up by the Antoniano Institute and moved to Bologna. In 2009, Cino Tortorella left Zecchino d'Oro. In 1963, Mariele Ventre, a conductor and director of young performers, created the Piccolo Coro dell'Antoniano Children's Choir (called Piccolo Coro \"Mariele Ventre\" dell'Antoniano after her death in 1995, and directed by Sabrina Simoni)." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "McCarran International Airport McCarran International Airport is the primary commercial airport serving the Las Vegas Valley, a major metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Nevada. It is in Paradise, about south of Downtown Las Vegas. The airport is owned by Clark County and operated by the Clark County Department of Aviation. It is named after the late U.S. Senator Pat McCarran, a member of the Democratic Party who contributed to the development of aviation both in Las Vegas and on a national scale. LAS covers 2,800 acres (11.3 km) of land. The airport was built in 1942 and opened to commercial flights in 1948. It has undergone significant expansion since then and has employed various innovative technologies, such as common-use facilities. The airport consists of four runways and two passenger terminals: Terminal 1 and Terminal 3. Terminal 1 is composed of four concourses, namely the A, B, C, and D Gates; Terminal 3 contains the E Gates. A people mover system is in place between the post-security area of Terminal 1 and the C and D Gates, as well as between the D Gates and Terminal 3. East of the passenger terminals is the Marnell Air Cargo Center, and on the west side of the airports are facilities for fixed-base operators and helicopter companies. McCarran received over 45,300,000 passengers in 2015, a 5.8% increase over the previous year but still below pre-recession levels. It is the 27th busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic and the 8th busiest by aircraft movements. The airport has nonstop air service to destinations in North America, Europe, and Asia. It is an operating base for Allegiant Air, as well as a crew and maintenance base for Frontier Airlines, Southwest Airlines, and Spirit Airlines. Prior to McCarran Airport, the first airport to serve Las Vegas was Anderson Field, opened in November 1920 southeast of present-day Sahara Ave and Paradise Rd. Purchased by the Rockwell brothers in 1925, the airfield was renamed Rockwell Field, and Western Air Express (WAE) introduced commercial air service in April 1926. When the brothers sold Rockwell Field and the new owner canceled WAE's lease, the airline had to look for another airport. Local businessman P. A. Simon had built an airfield northeast of the city, now known as Nellis Air Force Base, to which WAE relocated in November 1929. Despite rising traffic to Las Vegas, WAE reduced service to the city amid the Great Depression. Once its financial situation improved, the airline bought the airfield and established a monopoly on flights. When the city attempted to purchase the field and build a more modern terminal, WAE refused. With the advent of World War II, however, WAE was pressured to sell the airfield. Nevada Senator Pat McCarran helped obtain federal funding for the city to buy the field and construct a new terminal. He also helped establish a gunnery school by the United States Army Air Corps at the field. For the senator's contributions, the airport was named McCarran Field in 1941. A third airfield, Alamo Field, was established in 1942 by aviator George Crockett south of the city of Las Vegas, at the present location of McCarran Airport. As the Army sought to open a local base at the site of McCarran Field, Clark County purchased Alamo Field from Crockett in order to relocate commercial air traffic. Alamo Field became the new McCarran Field on December 19, 1948. The opening of this new airfield broke Western Air Express' monopoly on flights to Las Vegas, allowing other airlines to serve the market. Meanwhile, the Army reopened its base at the original McCarran Field in 1949 and named it Nellis Air Force Base in 1950. In its first year of operation, McCarran Field served over 35,000 passengers. As Las Vegas' casino industry grew and air travel became more popular during the 1950s, passenger traffic to the airfield rose significantly, with 959,603 passengers transiting through it in 1959. To cope with the increase, airport officials began planning a new passenger terminal. While the original terminal was located on Las Vegas Boulevard, the new terminal was built on Paradise Road. The terminal, whose design was inspired by the TWA Flight Center in New York City, opened on March 15, 1963. The airport was officially renamed McCarran International Airport in September 1968. Further expansion took place between 1970 and 1974 with the construction of the A and B gates. Prior to deregulation, the airport had four dominant carriers: United and TWA served both coasts nonstop from Las Vegas, while Western and Hughes Airwest provided service to destinations in the western US. After the airline industry was deregulated in 1978, the number of airlines serving McCarran doubled from seven to fourteen in only two years. New entrants by 1979 included American, Braniff and Continental. In response, the county launched an expansion plan named McCarran 2000, detailing expansion projects to be undertaken into the year 2000. Expanded baggage claim facilities, an esplanade, and a parking garage were inaugurated in 1985. The C Gates and the first line of the people mover system followed in 1987. Further expansion took place during the 1990s. The Charter/International Terminal, later renamed Terminal 2, was opened in December 1991 to handle rising international traffic to Las Vegas. An additional, nine-story parking garage and an underground tunnel linking the Las Vegas Beltway to the airport were constructed as well. In June 1998, the southwest and southeast wings of the D Gates were opened. During the late 1990s, the airport focused on attracting foreign airlines. In 1994, Condor Flugdienst began charter flights from Germany, launching scheduled service from Cologne and Frankfurt in 1997. Northwest Airlines and Japan Airlines introduced flights from Tokyo in 1998, and Virgin Atlantic began flying from London–Gatwick in 2000. In 1997, the airport introduced Common Use Terminal Equipment (CUTE), becoming the first airport in the country to do so. With multiple airlines serving McCarran, it became inefficient to have separate facilities for each airline. CUTE allows for shared use of ticket counters and gates; an airline can overflow to inactive facilities during peak times. McCarran furthered its common use strategy in 2003 with the SpeedCheck system, introducing Common-Use Self-Service (CUSS) kiosks. The kiosks allow passengers to check-in and print boarding passes for any one of multiple airlines. Previously, airlines had been installing their own check-in kiosks, defeating the use of CUTE and increasing congestion at the ticket counters. SpeedCheck kiosks have been installed at the Las Vegas Convention Center as well. In January 2005, McCarran began offering complimentary Wi-Fi throughout its passenger terminals. The service initially covered , making it the largest free Wi-Fi zone among U.S. airports at the time. The northeast wing of the D Gates opened in April 2005, along with a air traffic control tower at the center of the concourse. The expansion had been postponed following the September 11 attacks but resumed amid high growth in passenger traffic. Later in the year, the airport started a baggage-tracking system using radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags. Small RFID transmitters are inserted into baggage tags to improve bag identification, thereby lowering the risk for lost or misplaced luggage. McCarran became one of the first airports worldwide to conduct RFID tagging on a large scale. On August 19, 2008, US Airways closed its night-flight hub at McCarran Airport, which had been established by predecessor America West Airlines in the 1990s. In order to maximize the use of its fleet, US Airways had been operating two banks of flights to and from McCarran in the middle of the night. The operation had made US Airways the second-busiest carrier at McCarran, providing over 100 daily round-trip flights. However, amid rising oil prices and continued demand for low fares, the airline", "system using radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags. Small RFID transmitters are inserted into baggage tags to improve bag identification, thereby lowering the risk for lost or misplaced luggage. McCarran became one of the first airports worldwide to conduct RFID tagging on a large scale. On August 19, 2008, US Airways closed its night-flight hub at McCarran Airport, which had been established by predecessor America West Airlines in the 1990s. In order to maximize the use of its fleet, US Airways had been operating two banks of flights to and from McCarran in the middle of the night. The operation had made US Airways the second-busiest carrier at McCarran, providing over 100 daily round-trip flights. However, amid rising oil prices and continued demand for low fares, the airline decided to close the hub. In 2011, US Airways reduced flights to Las Vegas by an additional 40%. In September 2008, the northwest wing of the D Gates was completed. This marked the completion of the concourse, which has a total of 44 gates. In May 2011, construction began on a new air traffic control tower for McCarran Airport. The tower stands high and replaces a shorter tower that opened in 1983. However, in January 2014, it was discovered that a chemical coating to prevent the growth of a toxic fungus was added improperly. The problem was corrected by the following June, and the tower opened on August 28, 2016. The shorter tower will be closed and demolished. Terminal 3 opened on June 27, 2012. The project was announced in January 2001 as a way to accommodate rapid growth in passenger traffic, including international traffic. It came into question amid the 2008 recession and decreased tourism to Las Vegas, but the county decided to proceed with the project, anticipating eventual economic recovery and a rebound in passenger numbers. Terminal 3 cost $2.4 billion to build and is one of the largest public works projects in Nevada. It replaced Terminal 2, providing more international gates and a larger U.S. Customs and Border Protection facility. With its seven domestic gates, the terminal also eases congestion at Terminal 1. In a $51 million project, eight domestic gates in the D Gates are being converted to seven \"swing\" gates, capable of receiving both domestic and international flights. The gates will be connected to the customs facility in Terminal 3 by an underground pedestrian passageway. The project was completed in June 2017. In addition, a $30 million renovation of Terminal 1's ticketing and baggage claim areas is underway as of December 2016. Improvements include refurbished bathrooms, new ticket counters, and terrazzo flooring. McCarran Airport has four runways: All runways have been resurfaced with concrete, a more durable material than the previous asphalt. In April 2016, 8L/26R became the last runway to be resurfaced. This runway is also the longest at McCarran and typically serves one-third of the airport's annual traffic. Parallel to it is runway 8R/26L, which opened in 1991. On the western side of the airport are runways 1L/19R and 1R/19L. 1L/19R was originally a short runway suited for light aircraft before it was significantly widened and lengthened in 1997. Between the two sets of parallel runways was runway 14/32, which has been decommissioned. Runways 8L/26R and 8R/26L were previously 7L/25R and 7R/25L respectively. The runways were renumbered 8L/26R and 8R/26L in August 2017, following a geographical shift in the planet's magnetic poles by more than 3 degrees, the threshold for renumbering set by the FAA. The typical dry weather at McCarran allows operations under visual flying rules 99% of the time; visibility falls to marginal and instrument-only conditions less than 1% of the time. During most of the year (approximately 56% of the time), due to prevailing winds, the airport operates in Visual Configuration 1, which favors 19R and 26L for arrivals and 19L and 26R for departures. Airfield capacity in Configuration 1 is constrained by bordering military airspace, high terrain to the west of McCarran, and an uphill departure from 26R. Because of the heat, 26R is favored over 19L for departures. When the winds shift in the winter (approximately 13% of the year), the airfield adopts Visual Configuration 3, which favors 01L and 26L for arrivals and 01L and 01R for departures. Marginal flying conditions adopt the same Configuration 1/Configuration 3 split based on the prevailing winds. Under instrument flying conditions, arrivals are preferred on 26L, and departures take off from 19L and 26R. There are two terminals at McCarran and 5 concourses with a total of 92 gates. Terminal 1 was completed in 1963, Terminal 2 was completed in 1986, and Terminal 3 was completed in 2012. Prior to the completion of Terminal 3, Terminal 2 handled international flights. After Terminal 3 was completed, Terminal 2 became redundant and it was demolished in 2016. Terminal 1 opened on March 15, 1963, and was expanded between 1970 and 1974 with the current A and B Gates buildings. Currently, Terminal 1 has four concourses, each of which is connected to a central pre-security area. Ticketing and baggage claim are located on Level 1 of this area. Level 2 houses the three security checkpoints, an esplanade with several retail outlets, and a USO lounge for military service members. West of the pre-security area are the A Gates and the B Gates, two Y-shaped concourses with circular ends. To the south are the C Gates, which can be accessed by the Green Line of the tram system. The satellite D Gates concourse, which opened in 1998, lies to the east and contains three lounges: the Centurion lounge for American Express card holders; the Club at LAS, which is available to all passengers at a fee; and the United Club. The Blue Line of the tram system links the D Gates with the pre-security area. Terminal 3 handles all international and some domestic flights to McCarran Airport. Level 0 of the terminal contains customs, baggage claim, and another USO lounge. Check-in, security, a second Club at LAS, and all gates are located on Level 2. The terminal has a total of fourteen gates, seven of which are domestic (E8–E12, E14–E15) and the other seven international (E1–E7). Four of the international gates have two jetways each to allow for quicker handling of wide-body aircraft. McCarran has three separate tram lines: The following cargo airlines serve McCarran Airport: A small parking lot on the south side of the airport, on E. Sunset Road, between Las Vegas Blvd., and S. Eastern Ave, allows the public to watch aircraft take off, land, and listen to the aircraft radios. This is the only \"official\" watching area. There are several unofficial areas, mainly off the ends of the runways, however they are heavily patrolled by Las Vegas Metro Police and spectators are commonly asked to leave Atlantic Aviation and Signature Flight Support are the two fixed-base operators (FBOs) at the airport, providing various services to private aircraft. Maverick Helicopters, Sundance Helicopters, and Papillon Grand Canyon Helicopters each operate their own terminal at McCarran Airport. The Maverick terminal covers , while the Sundance terminal occupies . The Papillon terminal was established in 1997. The companies provide helicopter tours over the Las Vegas Strip, Grand Canyon, and other tourist attractions. Janet flights depart from a private terminal located on the west side of the airport. The airline, which is owned by the U.S. Air Force and operated by AECOM, transports employees and contractors to airports within the Nevada National Security Site. The Marnell Air Cargo Center covers and can handle of cargo. The $29 million facility opened in October 2010, replacing a smaller facility that existed at the site of Terminal 3. The center consists of two buildings, one of which is leased by FedEx and the other by multiple other companies, including UPS and Southwest Airlines. The main exhibits of the Howard W.", "terminal occupies . The Papillon terminal was established in 1997. The companies provide helicopter tours over the Las Vegas Strip, Grand Canyon, and other tourist attractions. Janet flights depart from a private terminal located on the west side of the airport. The airline, which is owned by the U.S. Air Force and operated by AECOM, transports employees and contractors to airports within the Nevada National Security Site. The Marnell Air Cargo Center covers and can handle of cargo. The $29 million facility opened in October 2010, replacing a smaller facility that existed at the site of Terminal 3. The center consists of two buildings, one of which is leased by FedEx and the other by multiple other companies, including UPS and Southwest Airlines. The main exhibits of the Howard W. Cannon Aviation Museum on Level 2 of Terminal 1, above baggage claim. There are additional exhibits throughout the airport and at other airports in the city. Display items chronicle the early history of aviation in Southern Nevada. The museum is named after former Nevada Senator Howard Cannon, who contributed to the development of aviation in the county. Its administrator is Mark Hall-Patton, who has appeared on the reality television show Pawn Stars. Road access to McCarran Airport is provided by Paradise Road to the north and by the McCarran Airport Connector to the south, which connects to the Las Vegas Beltway. Terminal 1 and Terminal 3 have their own parking garages. Each also has its own economy lot, which provides lower parking rates, and a separate lot for oversize vehicles. Complimentary shuttle transportation is provided between the terminals and the remote Terminal 1 economy and oversize vehicle lots. In March 2016, the airport opened a cellphone lot, which provides free parking to people waiting for passengers. A consolidated rental car facility opened in April 2007, located about from the airport. The facility, which sits on of land, houses multiple rental car companies with 5,000 parking spaces on multiple levels. Courtesy shuttles transport passengers between the airport and the facility. For transportation between Terminal 1 and Terminal 3, McCarran Airport provides a free shuttle service, which leaves from Level 0 of both terminals. RTC Transit provides bus transportation to and from various parts of the Las Vegas Valley. Route 108, Route 109, the Westcliff Airport Express and the Centennial Express provide direct access to the airport. Buses depart from Level 0 of Terminal 1 and Level 2 of Terminal 3. In January 2016, the county announced plans to build a four-lane, largely elevated expressway to McCarran Airport, passing over Paradise Road, Koval Lane, and Tropicana Avenue. The estimated $200 million project is expected to reduce travel time between the Strip and the Las Vegas Convention Center. However, critics have called the plan a \"20th-century solution to 21st-century traffic issues.\" They propose the construction of a light rail system, which the county disapproves of given its higher cost and longer completion time. The expressway plan was cancelled December 2017, with businesses and residential property owners worried about lower property values, and the University of Nevada, Las Vegas expressing concern about the visual impact. Previously, there had been plans to extend the monorail system which connects many of the major area hotels and the Las Vegas Convention Center to the airport. In December 2006, Clark County approved plans for the extension, although funding was not specified. In its presentation to the Southern Nevada Tourism Infrastructure Committee in early 2016, Las Vegas Monorail expressed its continued interest in the extension. However, the project is largely no longer under consideration due to its high cost. In the late 1990s, the county decided to build a second airport for Las Vegas, to be located from the city in the Ivanpah Valley. Passenger traffic at McCarran had been rising steadily, and the county predicted that the airport would reach its capacity of 55 million passengers per year by 2008. The county began the process of acquiring federal land for the airport, and it started funding an EIS. However, the advent of an economic recession in 2007 and the resulting decline in passenger numbers called the Ivanpah Valley Airport project into question. In June 2010, the project was indefinitely suspended. However, the county continues to monitor the site of the planned airport, and it will reconsider the project once McCarran Airport reaches its capacity. McCarran International Airport McCarran International Airport is the primary commercial airport serving the Las Vegas Valley, a major metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Nevada. It is in Paradise, about south of Downtown" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Thomas Wyon the elder Thomas Wyon the elder (1767–1830) of the Wyon family was an English engraver of dies, who became Chief Engraver of the Seals. He was the eldest of the four sons of George Wyon, an engraver. Around 1796, he went into business in Birmingham with his brother Peter, father of William Wyon, as a general die-engraver. They resided at Lionel Street in 1797. Wyon engraved many dies for tokens, especially part of the Coventry series of buildings. From 1800 he carried on business in London, and on 30 September 1816 was appointed Chief Engraver of the Seals. He died on 18 October 1830 in Nassau Street, London. Wyon was the father of Thomas Wyon the younger, Benjamin Wyon, and Edward William Wyon the sculptor. Thomas Wyon the elder Thomas Wyon the elder (1767–1830) of the Wyon family was an English engraver of dies, who became Chief Engraver of the Seals. He was the eldest of the four sons of George Wyon, an engraver. Around 1796, he went into business in Birmingham with his brother Peter, father of William Wyon, as a general die-engraver. They resided at Lionel Street in 1797. Wyon engraved many dies for tokens, especially" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Daniel Howell Daniel James \"Dan\" Howell (born 11 June 1991) is an English YouTuber and former radio personality. He is best known for his YouTube channel Daniel Howell (formerly known as danisnotonfire), which has reached over six million subscribers. Together with frequent collaborator Phil Lester, Howell presented Sunday night entertainment show \"Dan and Phil\" on BBC Radio 1 from January 2013 until August 2014, and presented the station's \"Internet Takeover\" slot from September 2014 until April 2016. Howell was born in Wokingham, Berkshire and raised in Winnersh. He has a younger brother and has a close relationship with his grandmother. Before starting his YouTube channel, he worked for retail chain Focus DIY at the age of 16, and later at the supermarket Asda. After graduating from The Forest School in 2009, Howell took a gap year, during which he started posting videos to his channel as a hobby. He then went to the University of Manchester in 2010 to study law, but dropped out in 2011 because of a lack of interest in the subject, instead going on to pursue radio presenting and video blogging as a full-time profession. Howell uploaded his first YouTube video titled \"HELLO INTERNET\" on 16 October 2009. He was encouraged by \"some friends\" including Phil Lester to continually upload videos to the site. He also has a second channel, \"danisnotinteresting,\" which has over 1.8 million subscribers and 68 million views, as of August 2018. He currently broadcasts weekly hour-long live shows on this channel, as well as on YouNow. In 2012, he won the YouTube competition \"SuperNote\" run by Rhett and Link. He also featured in the weekly video series, \"Becoming YouTube\" by Benjamin Cook, which looked at the different aspects to becoming an internet celebrity. He also wrote a blog for \"The Huffington Post\" about the creative process behind making his videos. Howell and Lester collaborated on a YouTube channel for My Damn Channel, entitled \"The Super Amazing Project\", in which they investigated paranormal events. In October 2014, it was announced that as of that month, the duo would not carry on working on the project, in order to concentrate on their Radio 1 show. It was later announced that the \"Super Amazing Project\" would continue production, but hosted by different presenters, Alastair James Murder and Victoria Atkin, scouted by the My Damn Channel network. On 12 September 2014, Howell and Lester posted the first video on their new gaming YouTube channel, \"DanAndPhilGAMES\". On 8 March 2015 the channel hit 1 million subscribers. It was officially the fastest growing channel on YouTube. \"DanAndPhilGAMES\" currently has over 3.1 million subscribers. On 1 April 2015, Howell and Lester launched a spin-off channel, \"DanAndPhilCRAFTS\", as an April Fools joke. It features a single video of them creating square snowflakes out of paper, with an amateur editing style and humour throughout. It reached over 154,000 subscribers and 500,000 total video views in one week. \"Don't cry, craft\" became a popular Internet meme from that video, described by the \"Standard-Examiner\" as \"one of the best known YouTube phrases of all time\". The channel was awarded the YouTube Silver Play Button at Summer in the City 2015. On 1 April 2016, Howell and Lester made a second video for that channel in which they did another joke tutorial, this time on making glitter faces. In 2017, a third and final video to end the trilogy, titled \"Potato Prints\" was uploaded. On 1 May 2017, Howell posted a video on his channel stating that he had changed the name of his YouTube channel from \"danisnotonfire\" to \"Daniel Howell\", after stating issues arising from the \"danisnotonfire\" name. In January 2013, Howell and Lester became the presenters of BBC Radio 1's Sunday evening entertainment and request show. They had occasionally worked with the station before, producing videos for the station's YouTube channel for Edinburgh Festival Fringe and presenting two Christmas broadcasts. The show was designed to be interactive with the audience, featuring amateur music videos from listeners, challenges performed on air by the presenters and song requests. Four months after starting the show, it won the Sony Golden Headphones award. Howell and Lester presented at the Teen Awards in 2013 and 2014, as part of the BBC online coverage and their Radio 1 show. In August 2014, it was announced that the last Dan and Phil show would be broadcast on 24 August, with the duo moving to a different show on Monday nights, featuring other popular video bloggers. This new show was titled \"The Internet Takeover\", and featured Howell along with Lester live on the first Monday of every month, before coming to an end in April 2016. Since 2014, Howell and Lester have hosted the worldwide YouTube livestream of the Brit Awards as well as making backstage videos for their channel. In 2015, Howell, along with Lester, had voice cameo appearances in the UK cinema release of Walt Disney Animation Studios' \"Big Hero 6\" as Technician 1 & 2. However, this version is not in the UK home release. On 2 February 2016, his BBC Three eSports documentary \"The Supergamers\" aired. In December 2016, Howell and Lester voiced two gorilla princes named Majinuni and Hafifu respectively, in the episode \"The Lost Gorillas\" in Disney Junior's \"The Lion Guard\". On 26 March 2015, Lester and Howell announced via a trailer on Howell's channel that they had co-written a book titled \"The Amazing Book Is Not on Fire (TABINOF).\" It was released in the UK on 8 October 2015 and worldwide on 15 October 2015, published by Ebury Press and Random House Children's Books. The book topped the General Hardbacks \"Sunday Times\" Bestsellers list having sold 26,745 copies in the UK in the first week of its release. It also became a #1 \"New York Times\" Bestseller in the young adult hardcover list. In the same trailer the pair announced their theatrical stage show \"The Amazing Tour Is Not on Fire (TATINOF)\" which travelled around the UK during October and November 2015, ending with a show at the London Palladium. During the tour, they sung original song \"The Internet Is Here\", which they later released as a charity single for Stand Up To Cancer, earning them a gold record disc for the sales of the song. In 2016, they took the tour to the US and Toronto, starting with a show in Orlando, Florida on 22 April and ended on 24 June with a show at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, California. It was the largest tour ever achieved by YouTube creators. They later toured Australia in August 2016, starting in Perth and ending in Brisbane, and finished the tour with a European leg, performing in Stockholm, Berlin, and Dublin. In October 2016, \"The Amazing Tour Is Not on Fire\" was released as a YouTube Red Original film by the same name along with a documentary, \"Dan and Phil's Story of TATINOF\". They are the first British YouTube creators to release content on the YouTube Red platform. Alongside these films, they released a photo book, \"Dan and Phil Go Outside\", in November 2016, which includes a personal collection of candid photos and insightful stories from the tour. The book became a #1 \"New York Times\" bestseller. In November 2017, Lester and Howell announced their second tour, \"Interactive Introverts\", a world tour that will took place in 2018. The tour ran from April to September and included 80 shows in 18 countries, including but not limited to Poland, the Philippines, India, Russia, New Zealand, Finland, and the Netherlands, making it one of the biggest YouTuber tours of all time. Lester and Howell partnered with BBC Studios' TalentWorks to release a movie of \"Interactive Introverts\" with bonus features, such as behind the scenes content and director's commentary, on DVD, Blu-ray, and available for digital download in December 2018. Howell has lived with best friend and fellow YouTuber Phil Lester since August 2011, first in Manchester before moving to London together in July 2012. They have", "In November 2017, Lester and Howell announced their second tour, \"Interactive Introverts\", a world tour that will took place in 2018. The tour ran from April to September and included 80 shows in 18 countries, including but not limited to Poland, the Philippines, India, Russia, New Zealand, Finland, and the Netherlands, making it one of the biggest YouTuber tours of all time. Lester and Howell partnered with BBC Studios' TalentWorks to release a movie of \"Interactive Introverts\" with bonus features, such as behind the scenes content and director's commentary, on DVD, Blu-ray, and available for digital download in December 2018. Howell has lived with best friend and fellow YouTuber Phil Lester since August 2011, first in Manchester before moving to London together in July 2012. They have shared a total of three homes and frequently appear in each other's videos. In October 2017, Howell posted a video, \"Daniel and Depression\", in which he revealed that he had suffered from clinical depression. He also spoke of his journey to recovery, which involved taking antidepressants, seeing a therapist, and focusing on \"basic self-care\". Howell uploaded this video the day after World Mental Health Day, in which he, as well as Lester, vocally supported #HelloYellow, a mental health campaign by UK-based organisation, YoungMinds, prompting the organisation to officially name Howell their newest ambassador. Daniel Howell Daniel James \"Dan\" Howell (born 11 June 1991) is an English YouTuber and former radio personality. He is best known for his YouTube channel Daniel Howell (formerly known as danisnotonfire), which has reached over six million subscribers. Together with frequent collaborator Phil Lester, Howell presented Sunday night entertainment show \"Dan and Phil\" on BBC Radio 1 from January 2013 until August 2014, and presented the station's \"Internet Takeover\" slot from September 2014 until April 2016." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Pierre Issa Pierre Sanharib Issa (born 11 September 1975) is a former South African footballer of Lebanese descent. He is the current sporting director of the Greek side Olympiacos F.C.. Born in Germiston, South Africa, Issa began playing for French semi-professional side Dunkerque. He started his professional career with Marseille in 1995 and went on to play in the 1999 UEFA Cup Final. He moved to Chelsea on loan in January 2001, although he did not play a competitive game for the London club. He is best known in England for his spell with Watford in 2001–02. Signed by new manager Gianluca Vialli from Marseille, Issa scored once, against Portsmouth. Issa was memorably dropped by his stretcher bearers after an injury in a home game against Birmingham City, and was put on the club's transfer list on 14 February 2002, only five months after he had signed for the club. He never played for Watford again, but played for his country at 2002 FIFA World Cup whilst still contracted to Watford. After leaving Watford, Issa signed for Olympic Beirut and won both Lebanese Football League and Lebanese FA Cup in his first season with the club, but was released in the 2004–05 season as the club's ownership was changed due to financial considerations. He signed for Ionikos of Greece and later for OFI Crete, also in Greece, where he stayed until 2009. Issa played 47 times for South Africa since making his debut on 15 November 1997 against Germany, having also captained his country. In the 1998 FIFA World Cup, he scored two own goals against France (however the second of these goals was later on acknowledged as scored by Thierry Henry). Issa was also selected for the 2002 FIFA World Cup squad. Pierre Issa Pierre Sanharib Issa (born 11" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Santa Fe Pacific Corporation The Santa Fe Pacific Corporation was formed as the Santa Fe Southern Pacific Corporation on by the merger of Santa Fe Industries, which owned the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, with the Southern Pacific Company, which owned the Southern Pacific Railroad. After the Interstate Commerce Commission denied their plan to merge their railroads as the Southern Pacific Santa Fe Railroad the holding company name was shortened and the Southern Pacific Railroad sold. The holding company retained all the non-rail interests of both predecessors (mainly real estate and natural resources, but Southern Pacific had also formed the telephone company known as Sprint, which was sold shortly before the merger). It was initially headquartered in Chicago and later in Schaumburg, Illinois, former Southern Pacific executive Robert Krebs succeeding Santa Fe head John J. Schmidt as CEO. Almost immediately after the Southern Pacific was sold, Santa Fe Pacific issued a massive dividend, so large it was considered a return of capital, and financed by issuing a large amount of debt. A few years after that, they spun off most of the company's natural resources interests as Santa Fe Pacific Gold Corporation and spun off all their non-track real estate interests, including railway stations, as Catellus Development. In September 1995 what was left of the company merged into Burlington Northern and the Santa Fe railroad became part of the Burlington Northern Santa Fe, with Krebs becoming head of the merged company until his retirement. The Santa Fe Pacific Corporation was not related to the Santa Fe Pacific Railroad, which operated from 1897 to 1902. Santa Fe Pacific Corporation The Santa Fe Pacific Corporation was formed as the Santa Fe Southern Pacific Corporation on by the merger of Santa Fe Industries, which owned the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Tommy Gallogley Thomas \"Tommy\" Gallogley (9 April 1890 – 1976) was a Scottish professional footballer who scored 10 goals from 83 appearances in the Football League playing for Plymouth Argyle and Exeter City in the 1920s. He played as an inside forward. Gallogley was born in Larkhall, South Lanarkshire. He played football for Bedlay Juniors before coming to England in 1913 to play for Plymouth Argyle, then a Southern League club. In a career interrupted by World War I, he made 136 appearances for the club in all competitions, including 62 spread across three seasons in the Football League. During the war he played as a guest for Airdrieonians, Albion Rovers and Vale of Leven. Gallogley played his last game for Argyle in 1923, and then spent a season with Exeter City. He then returned to Scotland, where he was on the books of Dumfries club Queen of the South and Albion Rovers. He died in 1976. Tommy Gallogley Thomas \"Tommy\" Gallogley (9 April 1890 – 1976) was a Scottish professional footballer who scored 10 goals from 83 appearances in the Football League playing for Plymouth Argyle and Exeter City in the 1920s. He played as an inside forward. Gallogley" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "UFC Fight Night: Maia vs. Shields UFC Fight Night: Maia vs. Shields (also known as UFC Fight Night 29) was a mixed martial arts event held on October 9, 2013, at the Ginásio José Corrêa in Barueri, Brazil. The event was broadcast live on Fox Sports 1. The event was headlined by a welterweight bout between Demian Maia and Jake Shields, with the main card broadcast on Fox Sports 1. Rony Jason was expected to face Jeremy Stephens at this event. However, Jason and Stephens both pulled out due to injuries and the bout was rescheduled for UFC Fight Night 32. Rodrigo Damm was expected to face Hacran Dias at the event. However, the bout was scrapped just days prior to the event after Damm was sidelined due to a kidney stone attack. Thiago Silva came in 2 lbs over the 206 lbs weight limit and therefore Matt Hamill received 25% of Silva's purse. Their bout took place at a catchweight of 208 lbs. Dana White stated Silva would be ineligible for any finishing bonuses, no matter the outcome of the fight, due to his missing weight. Even though he was the only fighter to win by submission on the card, Rousimar Palhares was denied the \"Submission of the Night\" bonus after holding the submission after Mike Pierce had tapped, requiring the referee to physically release him. The following day, Dana White announced that Palhares would be released from his contract and banned from working at UFC ever again. He had done the same at UFC 111, earning a 90-day suspension, and was also suspended for nine months after testing positive for elevated testosterone following his loss to Hector Lombard at . The following fighters were awarded $50,000 bonuses. UFC Fight Night: Maia vs. Shields UFC Fight Night: Maia vs." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Thorbjørn Egners lesebøker Thorbjørn Egners lesebøker () were a series of sixteen readers for elementary school written by Norwegian author Thorbjørn Egner. Egner spent 25 years working on the seriesconsisting of collected literature as well as his own stories and illustrationsand they were published in the years 1950–1972. The books were intended for children aged 8–15, which at the time corresponded to grades 2nd–9th. Among the recurring characters was the young boy Ola-Ola, who grew up on a farm on the Norwegian countryside, but later moved to the city and had to adapt to a new life. Other stories took place in far-away lands, reminiscent of the environment in Egner's celebrated \"People and Robbers of Cardemon Town\". There were also a selection of songs and poems in between the stories. The books took over the role held for decades by the readers of Nordahl Rolfsen in the Norwegian educational system. Rolfsen's books were published in the years 1892–1895, and had been the standard works since, but starting in the 1950s, Egner's books took over this position. Egner himself considered the series to be the \"magnum opus\" of his collected works. In 1972, howeverthe year when the last book in the series was publishedthe educational program of Norwegian primary schools was altered. The new scheme largely abandoned the use of basic readers in the curriculum. As a result, Egner's textbooks were rendered virtually obsolete as educational tools. The books remain an important part of the Norwegian cultural heritage, being considered children's classics, and some of them have been reprinted more recently. Thorbjørn Egners lesebøker Thorbjørn Egners lesebøker () were a series of sixteen readers for elementary school written by Norwegian author Thorbjørn Egner. Egner spent 25 years working on the seriesconsisting of collected literature as well as his own stories and" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Aji Chay Bridge Aji Chy Bridge is a historic bridge in Northwest of Tabriz on the Aji Chay river. This bridge was used to connect Tabriz to the Northwestern parts of Iranian Azerbaijan and a major element on route to connect rest of country to Turkey and Russia. In this function it was a major element in connecting East and Western parts of the Silk road. The bridge has been restored and damaged numerous times during the course of history either by natural disasters or during the wars happened in the region. The latest major reconstruction of the bridge was performed in the 19th century during Abbas Mirza's governorship by architect Hadj-Seyed-Hossein Tajer. The bridge includes 16 spans with an overall length of 105 meters and width of 5 meters. Due to several times of restoration and reconstruction the bridge doesn't have a uniform architecture. Three spans out of 16 are semi circular shape while rest of the spans are in zig zag shape. Recently the restoration of the bridge was performed by Iranian Organization of Cultural Heritages and registered in Iranian national heritages with number 2516. In second half of the last century a new bridge has been built next to the ancient bridge and traffic transferred to the new bridge. The old bridge is open only for pedestrian visitors. Aji Chay Bridge Aji Chy Bridge is a historic bridge in Northwest of Tabriz on the Aji Chay river. This bridge was used to connect Tabriz to the Northwestern parts of Iranian Azerbaijan and a major element on route to connect rest of country to Turkey and Russia. In this function it was a major element in connecting East and Western parts of the Silk road. The bridge has been restored and damaged numerous times during the course of" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Frederick Manson White Frederick Manson White (March 18, 1863 – April 23, 1952), commonly known as F. Manson White, was an American architect based in Portland, Oregon. White was known for his work in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. Among the buildings he helped design, as part of the firm McCaw, Martin and White, or designed as a sole practitioner, are the National Register of Historic Places-listed Imperial Hotel (now the Hotel Vintage Portland), Waldschmidt Hall at the University of Portland, the Dekum Building, the Auditorium and Music Hall, the Sherlock Building, the Flatiron Building (now Ringler's Annex), Woodrow Wilson Junior High School (now Lincoln School Condominiums) and The John G. Shedd Institute for the Arts in Eugene, the First Presbyterian Church in Medford (part of the Medford Downtown Historic District), and the Corvallis Hotel in Corvallis. White also designed Agate Hall (originally Roosevelt Junior High School and later Condon School) on the campus of the University of Oregon, and the Central Presbyterian Church (aka Old Laurelhurst, or The Bible Church) in Portland. Frederick Manson White Frederick Manson White (March 18, 1863 – April 23, 1952), commonly known as F. Manson White, was an American architect based in Portland, Oregon. White" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Come On Over (TV series) Come on Over is a children's television series produced by the Grand Rapids Children's Museum in association with Enthusiastic Productions. The series was created by Joel Schoon Tanis, and is executive produced by Tanis, Patrick W. Ziegler, and Teresa L. Thome of the Museum. The mission of the show is to \"inspire creativity and imagination in children\". The program is filmed in the state-of-the-art TV studio of the Martha Miller Center at Hope College in Holland, Michigan. It premiered in Grand Rapids, Michigan on ABC affiliate, WOTV, in fall 2006. Twelve episodes have been produced to date. The show also features the tunes of Pint Size Music, former members of the Holland band, \"The Voice\", such as Chad Dykema and Paul Chamness. To date, the show has won twelve regional Emmy awards. Come On Over (TV series) Come on Over is a children's television series produced by the Grand Rapids Children's Museum in association with Enthusiastic Productions. The series was created by Joel Schoon Tanis, and is executive produced by Tanis, Patrick W. Ziegler, and Teresa L. Thome of the Museum. The mission of the show is to \"inspire creativity and imagination in children\". The" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Albert Gore Sr. Albert Arnold Gore Sr. (December 26, 1907 – December 5, 1998), known to some as Al Gore before the fame of his son, was an American politician who served as a U.S. Representative and a U.S. Senator for the Democratic Party from Tennessee. He was the father of Al Gore, the 45th Vice President of the United States (1993–2001). Gore was born in Granville, Tennessee, the third of five children of Margie Bettie (née Denny) and Allen Arnold Gore. Gore's ancestors include Scots-Irish immigrants who first settled in Virginia in the mid-18th century and moved to Tennessee after the Revolutionary War. Gore studied at Middle Tennessee State Teachers College and graduated from the Nashville Y.M.C.A. Night Law School, now the Nashville School of Law. He first sought elective public office at age 23, when he ran unsuccessfully for the job of superintendent of schools in Smith County, Tennessee. A year later he was appointed to the position after the man who had defeated him died. After serving as Commissioner of the Tennessee Department of Labor from 1936 to 1937, Gore was elected as a Democrat to the 76th Congress in 1938, re-elected to the two succeeding Congresses, and served from January 3, 1939, until he resigned on December 4, 1944, to enter the U.S. Army. Gore was re-elected to the 79th and to the three succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1945, to January 3, 1953). In 1951, Gore proposed in Congress that \"something cataclysmic\" be done by U.S. forces to end the Korean War: a radiation belt (created by nuclear weapons) dividing the Korean peninsula permanently into two. Gore was not a candidate for House re-election but was elected in 1952 to the U.S. Senate. In his 1952 election, he defeated six-term incumbent Kenneth McKellar. Gore's victory, coupled with that of Frank G. Clement for governor of Tennessee over incumbent Gordon Browning on the same day, is widely regarded as a major turning point in Tennessee political history and as marking the end of statewide influence for E. H. Crump, the Memphis political boss. During this term, Gore was instrumental in sponsoring and enacting the legislation creating the Interstate Highway System. Gore was re-elected in 1958 and again in 1964, and served from January 3, 1953, to January 3, 1971, after he lost reelection in 1970. In the Senate, he was chairman of the Special Committee on Attempts to Influence Senators during the 84th Congress. Gore was one of only three Democratic senators from the former Confederate states who did not sign the 1956 Southern Manifesto opposing integration, the others being Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas (who was not asked to sign), and Tennessee's other senator, Estes Kefauver. South Carolina Senator J. Strom Thurmond tried to get Gore to sign the Southern Manifesto, but Gore refused. Gore could not, however, be regarded as an integrationist, as he voted against some major civil rights legislation, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 although he supported the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Gore easily won renomination in 1958 over former governor Jim Nance McCord. In those days, Democratic nomination was still tantamount to election in Tennessee since the Republican Party was largely nonexistent in most of the state. In 1964, he faced an energetic Republican challenge from Dan Kuykendall, chairman of the Shelby County (Memphis) GOP, who ran a surprisingly strong race against him. While Gore won, Kuykendall held him to only 53 percent of the vote, in spite of Johnson's massive landslide victory in that year's presidential election. By 1970, Gore was considered to be fairly vulnerable for a three-term incumbent Senator, as a result of his liberal positions on many issues such as the Vietnam War and civil rights. This was especially risky, electorally, as at the time Tennessee was moving more and more toward the Republican Party. He faced a spirited primary challenge, predominantly from former Nashville news anchor Hudley Crockett, who used his broadcasting skills to considerable advantage and generally attempted to run to Gore's right. Gore fended off this primary challenge, but he was ultimately unseated in the 1970 general election by Republican Congressman Bill Brock. Gore was one of the key targets in the Nixon/Agnew \"Southern strategy.\" He had earned Nixon's ire the year before when he criticized the administration's \"do-nothing\" policy toward inflation. In a memo to senior advisor Bryce Harlow, Nixon aide Alexander Butterfield relayed the President's desire that Gore be \"blistered\" for his comment. Spiro T. Agnew traveled to Tennessee in 1970 to mock Gore as the \"Southern regional chairman of the Eastern Liberal Establishment\". Other prominent issues in this race included Gore's opposition to the Vietnam War, his vote against Everett Dirksen's amendment on prayer in public schools, and his opposition to appointing Clement Haynsworth and G. Harrold Carswell to the U.S. Supreme Court. Brock won the election by a 51% to 47% margin. In 1956, he gained national attention after his disapproval of the Southern Manifesto. Gore voted against the Civil Rights Act of 1964, in fact filibustering against it, although he supported the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Gore was a vocal champion of the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, which secured creation of interstate highways. Later, he backed the Great Society array of programs initiated by President Johnson's administration, and introduced a bill with a Medicare blueprint. In international politics, he moved from proposing in the House to employ nuclear weapons for establishing a radioactive demilitarized zone during the Korean War, to voting for the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and speaking against the Vietnam War, which cost him his Senate seat in 1970. After leaving Congress, Gore resumed the practice of law and also taught law at Vanderbilt University. He continued to represent the Occidental Petroleum where he became vice president and member of the board of directors. Gore became chairman of Island Creek Coal Co., Lexington, Kentucky, an Occidental subsidiary, in 1972, and in his last years operated an antiques store in Carthage—Gore Antique Mall. He lived to see his son Albert Gore Jr. become Vice President of the United States. Gore Sr died in 1998. On April 17, 1937, Gore married lawyer Pauline LaFon (1912–2004), the daughter of Maude (née Gatlin) and Walter L. LaFon. Together, they had two children: He died three weeks shy of his 91st birthday and is buried in Smith County Memorial Gardens in Carthage. The stretch of Interstate 65 in Tennessee has been named The Albert Arnold Gore Sr. Memorial Highway in honor of him. Albert Gore Sr. Albert Arnold Gore Sr. (December 26, 1907" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Horace Berry Horace Thurston Berry (1891 – 1 September 1949) was an Australian politician who was an independent member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1939 to 1947, representing the seat of Irwin-Moore. Berry was born in Suva, Fiji, to Sarah Eugene (née Morey) and John Berry. His father, an Australian, had been posted to Fiji as the colony's Commissioner of Lands and Surveys. The family returned to Australia in 1900 and settled in Sydney, where Berry attended Sydney Grammar School and The King's School, Parramatta. He enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force in August 1915, and later joined the British Army's Royal Flying Corps, finishing the war with the rank of flying officer. In 1919, Berry went to Malaya, where he managed a rubber plantation in Kajang, Selangor. He returned to Australia in 1930, purchasing a property at Yerecoin (a locality in Western Australia's Wheatbelt region). Berry first attempted to enter politics at the 1934 Legislative Council elections, where he lost to Vernon Hamersley in East Province. In the late 1930s, he retired from farming to live in Rockingham (on the outskirts of Perth), and served a term on the Rockingham Road Board. Berry succeeded in entering parliament on his second attempt, defeating Country and Labor Party candidates to win the 1939 Irwin-Moore by-election as an independent. The by-election had been caused by the resignation of Claude Barker, who campaigned on Berry's behalf. Berry retained Irwin-Moore at the 1943 state election, but the seat was abolished prior the 1947 election. He instead contested the new seat of Moore, but was defeated by the Country Party's John Ackland. After leaving parliament, he was re-elected to the Rockingham Road Board, serving as chairman for a period. Berry died in Perth in September 1949. Horace Berry Horace Thurston Berry (1891" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Urban Agricultural Architecture Urban Agricultural Architecture (UAA) is the practice of integrating organic, hydroponic, aeroponic or aquaponic farming technologies into buildings of all types. An example can be as small as building a lean-to-greenhouse on a single-family home and using it as a kitchen garden. Examples of large-scale projects are the hydroponic greenhouses of Lufa Farms, the rooftop farms of Brooklyn Grange Rooftop Farm, and the vertical farms of Sky Greens. Building types that can incorporate food growing technologies include: single-family home, multi-family housing, mixed-use buildings, schools, restaurants, institutional buildings, vertical farms, hoop houses and greenhouses that are designed to urban conditions. Existing urban buildings and structures can also be adaptively reused incorporating agricultural technologies to produce food for urban populations. Urban Agricultural Architecture Urban Agricultural Architecture (UAA) is the practice of integrating organic, hydroponic, aeroponic or aquaponic farming technologies into buildings of all types. An example can be as small as building a lean-to-greenhouse on a single-family home and using it as a kitchen garden. Examples of large-scale projects are the hydroponic greenhouses of Lufa Farms, the rooftop farms of Brooklyn Grange Rooftop Farm, and the vertical farms of Sky Greens. Building types that can incorporate food growing technologies" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Listed buildings in Poulton-le-Fylde Poulton-le-Fylde is a market town in the Wyre district of Lancashire, England, situated on a coastal plain called the Fylde. There are fifteen buildings and structures in the town which have been listed by the Secretary of State for Culture, Olympics, Media and Sport as being of special architectural, historical or cultural significance. One is classified as Grade II, and the rest as Grade II; Poulton-le-Fylde has no Grade I listed buildings. The Grade II designation is for St Chad's Church. There is written evidence of a church on the site since 1094, although it may have been built earlier. It became the Anglican parish church at the time of the Reformation and was largely rebuilt in the 18th century. Of the remaining listed buildings and structures, nine are in or very close to the market place in the centre of town. They include three former houses (all now shops), a former bank, a telephone kiosk and four stone market place structures. Three cottages, a house and the former Roman Catholic Chapel of St John, are situated within two miles of the town centre. The ages of the listed buildings and structures range from the market cross, probably built in the 17th century, to the telephone kiosk, built in the 1930s. In the United Kingdom, the term \"listed building\" refers to a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural, historical or cultural significance. These buildings are in three grades: Grade I consists of buildings of outstanding architectural or historical interest; Grade II* includes particularly significant buildings of more than local interest; Grade II consists of buildings of special architectural or historical interest. Buildings in England are listed on recommendations provided by English Heritage, which also determines the grading. Listed buildings in Poulton-le-Fylde" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Southwest General Health Center Southwest General Health Center is a 354-bed hospital located in Middleburg Heights, Ohio. It is partnered with University Hospitals of Cleveland. Southwest General Health Center is certified as a Level III Trauma Center and a Primary Stroke Center. Southwest General Health Center was founded in 1920 as The Community Hospital. A flu epidemic in 1920 resulted in many deaths of patients while being transported to the nearest hospital in nearby Cleveland. Citizens of several southwestern Cleveland communities responded by raising $100,000 in only 10 days to build a local community hospital in Berea, Ohio. After several expansions and a name change to Southwest General Hospital, the current site ran out of room to expand. In 1973 the local communities of Berea, Brook Park, Olmsted Falls, Olmsted Township, Strongsville, and Middleburg Heights passed tax levies to support the building of a new 235-bed facility nearly a mile down the road from the original location in Middleburg Heights. This new facility went through several expansions in 1983, 1994, 2000, and 2006, putting the facility at its current capacity of 354 beds. In 1994, Southwest General Hospital changed its name to Southwest General Health Center to reflect its practices of preventative health care as well as remaining a primary care hospital. The new facility built from 1973 to 1975 was built on a large plot of land next to the Cuyahoga County Fairgrounds. This site had several old White Oak trees, one of which was more than 200 years old. This 200+ year old tree was left in place near the entrance of the new facility, and quickly became a symbol for the hospital. In 1995, after several attempts to save the tree from disease, the Old Oak was removed due to safety concerns. Several new White Oak trees have been planted, along with a seedling from the Old Oak in the tree's original location. The Old Oak has been a part of the Southwest logo since its move to the current location. Several of the nearby businesses and facilities are named after the Old Oak, as well as Old Oak Boulevard, which borders the west side of the hospital. In 2013, Southwest General started construction on a $124 million expansion to the facility. The new expansion includes a 40,000 square foot emergency department, a 24 bed Critical Care Unit, a 250 car underground parking structure, and a new patient bed tower that added 96 private patient rooms to the facility. The emergency department opened in January 2014, and the Critical Care Unit opened three months later. The entire expansion project was completed in 2015. In 1997, Southwest General entered into a partnering agreement with University Hospitals, This made Southwest General the flagship hospital for UH on Cleveland’s West Side. Through this partnering agreement, Southwest General offers its communities local access to several of the specialty services offered by UH and their facilities. The Rainbow RapidCare Service was created to help provide 24/7 specialty care for pediatric patients. Southwest Generals pediatric staff teams up with pediatricians from Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital to provide emergency care for children during evenings and weekends. Southwest General built an addition to house their own branch of University Hospitals Ireland Cancer Center. This center is designated as a Comprehensive Cancer Center by the National Cancer Institute. This allows Southwest General to offer cancer treatment on-site, as well as providing access to clinical trials. Southwest General Health Center Southwest General Health Center is a 354-bed hospital located in Middleburg Heights, Ohio. It is partnered with University Hospitals of Cleveland. Southwest General Health Center is" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Niklas Busch Thor Niklas Busch Thor (born 21 February 1986) is a retired Swedish footballer. Thor took a football high school program at in Norrköping, Östergötland County. During his time in high school, Thor played for IFK Norrköping and IF Sylvia. After graduating high school, he moved to Uppsala, Uppsala County where he played for his mother club Storvreta IK. Seven years later, in late 2013, he signed a two-year deal with IK Sirius in Sweden's second highest league, Superettan. Thor married Swedish politician Ebba Busch Thor in 2013: they use the common name of Busch Thor. They have a son, Birger, born in May 2015 and a daughter, Elise, born in February 2017. Ebba Busch Thor was elected Leader of the Christian Democrats in April 2015 and is now the youngest party leader of all major parties. Besides football, Thor studies engineering at the Royal Institute of Technology. Niklas Busch Thor Niklas Busch Thor (born 21 February 1986) is a retired Swedish footballer. Thor took a football high school program at in Norrköping, Östergötland County. During his time in high school, Thor played for IFK Norrköping and IF Sylvia. After graduating high school, he moved to Uppsala, Uppsala County" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Kootingal, New South Wales Kootingal is a town in New South Wales, Australia in the Tamworth Regional Council area. It is commonly called a satellite suburb of Tamworth because of its closeness and the fact that its residents use Tamworth's services. Founded as an Aboriginal mission, Kootingal traces its name roots to the local Aboriginal Kamilaroi language. At the 2016 census, Kootingal had a population of 2,126 people. It is an agricultural based town, with lucerne, fruit, vegetable, chicken and egg farms. It is nestled in a small rich alluvial valley in the Moonbi Range, part of the Great Dividing Range. Kootingal is located on the northern bank of a bend in the Cockburn River. Kootingal is located between the villages of Moonbi to the north and Nemingha to the south. It is located 474 km north west of Sydney and 20 km north east of Tamworth on the New England Highway. Kootingal has its garbage collected on a Wednesday, with recycling collection occurring on alternate weeks, an informal survey rated the garbage collection service as 'acceptable' on a likert scale. Kootingal holds an annual Pumpkin Festival and Outdoor Leisure Show in April at the Kootingal sports ground. There are a variety of stalls and the show is suitable for all ages. Kootingal has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: Kootingal station is situated on the Main North railway line. Trains no longer continue all the way to the Queensland border, but the town is still served twice daily by the NSW TrainLink Xplorer service between Sydney and Armidale in both directions. This station is less than 20 minutes drive from Tamworth. Kootingal has a Scout group in combination with the village of Moonbi. The Kootingal-Moonbi Scout group consists of Joey Scouts, Cub Scouts and Scouts. It is a thriving Group and enjoys many activities. Kootingal, New South Wales Kootingal is a town in New South Wales, Australia in the Tamworth Regional Council area. It is commonly called a satellite suburb of Tamworth because of its closeness and the fact that its residents use Tamworth's services. Founded as an Aboriginal mission, Kootingal traces its name roots to the local Aboriginal Kamilaroi language. At the 2016 census, Kootingal had a population of 2,126 people. It is an agricultural based town, with lucerne, fruit, vegetable, chicken and egg farms. It is nestled in a small rich alluvial valley in the Moonbi Range," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Washington railway station (England) Washington railway station was a railway station that served the village and new town of Washington, Tyne and Wear, England from 1835 to 1963, initially on the Stanhope & Tyne Railway and later the Leamside line. The first station in Washington was opened on 16 April 1835 as an intermediate stop on the Stanhope & Tyne Railway passenger service between and . On 9 March 1840 the Durham Junction Railway introduced a passenger service along their line from which, beyond Washington, continued along the S&TR and the Brandling Junction Railway to Oakwellgate in Gateshead via Brockley Whins. The station was not conveniently located, being 1 mile to the south east of Washington Village with the station building located between the tracks of S&TR and DJR, immediately south of the junction between them. On 19 June 1844, southbound services along the DJR were diverted to and along the newly constructed Newcastle & Darlington Junction Railway and on 1 October 1850, the York, Newcastle & Berwick Railway diverted Gateshead services along a new, more direct route to Pelaw, thus allowing the line to bypass Brockley Whins. When the YN&BR diverted services onto the direct line to Pelaw, they began to use a new station in Washington, 600yd to north east of the original and only the market day services to Durham Turnpike continued to use the first station until they were withdrawn in December 1853. The second station was situated on Station Road, south of the railway bridge and level crossing on Usworth Station Road and Washington Road respectively and was closer to Washington Village than the first station had been. Adjacent to the station were brickworks a wire rope works and a large chemicals plant. North of the footbridge were two buildings: one was the rear of a goods shed and the other was lower with a hipped roof. The goods shed was reached by the sidings on the up platform. The goods handled at the station were bricks, iron, steel, composition and livestock. In March 1862, a passenger service along the former S&TR route was reintroduced (this time from the second station) providing a service to Chester-le-Street and . However the opening of Chester-le-Street station on the Team Valley Line led to it being permanently withdrawn in January 1869. Inter-city services between London and continued to use the line through Washington until 15 January 1872 when services were diverted via and the Team Valley line after which point only local services used the Leamside line. The passenger bookings had declined to a mere 2,318 in 1951. Passenger services started to decline after summer 1957, and by 1963 Monday-Friday departures consisted of a single morning arrival at 8:56 and a single afternoon departure at 17:33 from and to . The Beeching Report recommended closing the station to passenger traffic, which occurred on 9 September 1963 (making it the first post-Beeching closure in the country). Goods continued to be handled at the station until 7 December 1964. Washington" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Magic Cellphone Magic Cellphone () is a 2016 South Korean web series that aired online from Jul 13, 2016 to Sep 14, 2016. The SBS drama is a Korean-Chinese joint venture of the production company Aura Media. It aired weekly on Sohu TV. The drama revolves around the romance between a man named Oh Tae-ji (Kim Jin-woo), who works at a makeup store, and his first love Lee Ji-hee, who is also known as Latte (Park Min-ji), a new actress who is the subject of attention. They finally meet again when Latte has a fan-sign event at the makeup store where Tae-ji is working at. Later on, Tae-ji will be given a magic cellphone from a mysterious old lady that can be used to protect the person he loves, which is Latte, in the midst of a crisis and he's set on saving her. Magic Cellphone Magic Cellphone () is a 2016 South Korean web series that aired online from Jul 13, 2016 to Sep 14, 2016. The SBS drama is a Korean-Chinese joint venture of the production company Aura Media. It aired weekly on Sohu TV. The drama revolves around the romance between a man named Oh Tae-ji (Kim" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Mega Man IV (Game Boy) Mega Man IV is a action-platform video game by Capcom for the Nintendo Game Boy. It is the fourth installment in the handheld version of the \"Mega Man\" series. The game continues the quest of the protagonist Mega Man in the struggle with his long-time nemesis Dr. Wily, who sends out a disruptive radio signal to cause a rampage, citywide destruction from dormant robots. \"Mega Man IV\" features the traditional action platforming gameplay of the prior games while introducing one new feature, the ability to purchase items with power-ups found throughout each stage. As with previous Game Boy releases, the game incorporates gameplay elements and bosses from two sequential Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) games: \"Mega Man 4\" and \"Mega Man 5\". The game has received a warm critical reception. In 2013, \"Mega Man IV\" was made available on the Virtual Console of Japan's Nintendo eShop for the Nintendo 3DS. It was later released in the North American and PAL region eShops the following year. The plot of the game once again involves the protagonist Mega Man trying to thwart the world domination plans of the infamous Dr. Wily. On a seemingly peaceful day in a large city, Wily appears in the sky in his flying saucer and sends out a radio transmission that causes all the robots at the annual Robot Master Exposition to go on a rampage. He then sends eight new rebuilt robots of his own to different parts of the city to lead the destruction. Having resisted this reprogramming signal, Mega Man responds by defeating all four of these previous foes in battle and chases Wily to a large tank. Inside the tank, the hero encounters Ballade, yet another robot specially designed to kill him. Mega Man defeats this new enemy, pursues the remaining enemies in the city, and returns to the tank. There, he has a victorious rematch with Ballade, only to see Wily quickly retreat to his space station. Dr. Light fits Mega Man's companion Rush with a space flight ability, allowing the hero to lead a one-man assault on Wily's new stronghold.Mega Man beats Wily, but is unable to blast his way out of the exploding space station. At the last moment, Ballade arrives and self-destructs in repentance, creating a hole through which Mega Man can safely escape. At its core, the gameplay is still the same as the previous 3 \"Mega Man\" Game Boy games. The player takes on the role of Mega Man as he traverses a series of two sets of selectable action/platforming stages in any order desired. The player's initial weapon, the \"Mega Buster\", can fire both small shots and much larger and more powerful, charged blasts. Each stage is populated with various types of enemy robots and a single Robot Master exclusive boss. Beating the Robot Master will earn the player its special \"Master Weapon\" for use throughout the rest of the game. Clearing 2 of the Robot stages also gives the player access to abilities from Mega Man's dog Rush, who can transform into a springboard for reaching high platforms or a jet for crossing large distances. Also, the game's first four Robot stages each house a letter (\"B-E-A-T\") that spell out the name of the bird Beat. Collecting all 4 letters endows the player the ability to summon upon Beat to assist by attacking enemies. On the other hand, the game's latter four Robot stages each house letters that spell (\"W-I-L-Y\") which would be imperative to collect in entering to the first part of Dr. Wily's fortress. The stages also contain hidden passages where the character Proto Man leaves the player items, often giving \"Super Tanks\" that refill all weapons energy and health energy. \"Mega Man IV\" carries on the Game Boy line's tradition of recycling elements from two consecutive \"Mega Man\" NES releases, most prominently with its bosses. The first four Robot Masters (Toad Man, Bright Man, Pharaoh Man, and Ring Man) are originally from \"Mega Man 4\" and the latter four (Crystal Man, Napalm Man, Stone Man, and Charge Man) are from \"Mega Man 5\". \"Mega Man IV\" also introduces a shop feature to the series. In addition to various restorative items like health, weapon power, extra lives, energy tanks that can be stored for later use, the player can pick up \"Power Chips (P-Chips)\" dropped by enemies or in designated spots in the stages. Dr. Light's lab can also be visited from the stage select screen, wherein the player can purchase various items using the P-Chips collected. One such item is the newly introduced \"Auto Charger\" (or \"Energy Balancer\", which was originally conceived for Mega Man 5 but removed), which automatically takes weapon energy capsules and restores it in the weapon with the least amount of energy left, provided that there is no refillable special weapon selected. Also, for the first time in the \"Mega Man\" Game Boy series, the Robot Master re-match sequence (where Mega Man must fight all 8 Robot Masters again in a teleportation hatch in Dr. Wily's castle) is implemented, as opposed to the previous three \"Mega Man\" Game Boy titles, where Mega Man fought Wily straight on after going through the castle. Using features from two previous NES titles, as well as some new elements, series artist Keiji Inafune was happy with the flow from \"Mega Man III\" to \"Mega Man IV\". Inafune was also satisfied with how the Mega Man Killers Enker, Punk, and Ballade turned out. The artist had fun thinking up new ideas for Ballade's second form, which included the horns on his head turning up, larger bombs, and shades covering his eyes. \"Mega Man IV\" has been well-received critically. Major gaming magazines \"Nintendo Power\" and \"Game Players\" have called the graphics and gameplay \"exceptional\" and \"terrific\", although the former was disappointed by its few surprises. \"Electronic Gaming Monthly\" described \"Mega Man IV\" as one of the best Game Boy games to date, due to its near flawless recreation of the action and technique of the home console games and graphics which push the Game Boy hardware \"to its limits and then some\" (though they did complain of screen blurring). They also praised the music and the extremely long, challenging levels. \"Mega Man IV\" was re-released on April 13, 2001 for the Nintendo Power cartridge service in Japan alongside its four Game Boy counterparts. The 5 games that comprise this subseries were to be released on a Game Boy Advance compilation in 2004, but was cancelled. The boss Ballade would later appear as part of a downloadable content stage for \"Mega Man 10\" in 2010. On July 18, 2013, it was confirmed that Mega Man IV is planned for release on the 3DS Virtual Console which came out in October 23, 2013 in Japan and on May 15, 2014 in North America. Mega Man IV (Game Boy) Mega Man IV is a action-platform video game by Capcom for the Nintendo Game Boy. It is the fourth installment in the handheld version of the \"Mega Man\" series. The game continues the quest of the protagonist Mega Man in the struggle with his long-time nemesis Dr. Wily, who sends out a disruptive radio" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Santa Baby 2: Christmas Maybe Santa Baby 2: Christmas Maybe is a 2009 made for television Christmas comedy film and a sequel to \"Santa Baby\". It premiered on ABC Family on December 13, 2009, in their 25 Days of Christmas programming block. Jenny McCarthy, Lynne Griffin, Jessica Parker Kennedy, Richard Side, and Gabe Khouth all reprise their roles from the original. Santa's in the midst of a late-life crisis—he's tired of the responsibilities of the job and is ready to pass on the reins to his business-minded daughter Mary, who feels torn between the family business and running her own high-stakes firm in New York City, along with balancing a relationship with the love of her life, Luke. The situation gets increasingly dire when Teri, an ambitious new arrival to the North Pole, sows dissension at the workshop in an effort to take over Christmas. However, it is revealed Teri is an elf, bitter at Mary and was trying to take over Christmas. But Mary manages to stop her and take care of the yearly rounds around the world. \"Santa Baby 2: Christmas Maybe\" premiered on December 13, 2009 as part of ABC Family's annual 25 Days of Christmas programming event. The film received 3.8 million viewers on its original broadcast with a 1.2 18–49 rating. Alexa Vega sang the lead track from the movie, \"Christmas Is the Time to Say I Love You\" and shot a music video for the song which premiered during the 25 Days of Christmas. Amber Stevens recorded a new version of the title song, \"Santa Baby\". The songs are featured on the compilation album \"Songs to Celebrate 25 Days of Christmas\", released on November 3, 2009 by Walt Disney Records. \"Santa Baby 2: Christmas Maybe\" was released on DVD on October 12, 2010. Santa" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Inspection locomotive An inspection locomotive was a special type of steam locomotive designed to carry railroad officials on inspection tours of the railroad property. They were fitted with passenger car-like bodywork and seating. Many railroads in the nineteenth century owned one, but their use dwindled in the twentieth century. They were replaced with converted passenger-car inspection cars, or HiRail trucks, automobiles fitted with steel flanged wheels. Some were especially built for this service, while others were rebuilt from obsolete locomotives. Many were quite small; the locomotive pictured is in fact one of the largest and most modern inspection locomotives ever constructed. They were generally well cared for and highly decorated. The Russian Railways still has two inspection locomotives A Chs2 549 & 552, which are converted electric locomotives. Railway companies in the United Kingdom did not use inspection locomotives. Instead dedicated carriages (known as Inspection Saloons) were used. These were either rebuilt from obsolete coaching stock or, occasionally, were newly built. However many companies maintained dedicated locomotives to haul Inspection Saloons. These were usually elderly engines that had been famous top-rank express locomotives when new but had since been surpassed. Examples of such engines include the Caledonian Railway Single, LNWR No.3020 'Cornwall' and NER No. 66 'Aerolite'. Dugald Drummond, when Chief Mechanical Engineer of the London and South Western Railway had a small 4–2–4 tank locomotive with a small saloon body mounted on its rear to serve as his personal transport around the L&SWR system on inspections and visits. The only known surviving U.S. example is the Reading Railroad's \"Black Diamond\", a tiny 2-2-2 with fully enclosed bodywork, at the Museum of Transportation in St. Louis, Missouri. Inspection locomotive An inspection locomotive was a special type of steam locomotive designed to carry railroad officials on inspection tours of the railroad" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Pius XII, The Holocaust, and the Cold War Pius XII, The Holocaust, and the Cold War is a 2008 book by historian Michael Phayer which makes use of documents that had been released under US President Bill Clinton's 1997 executive order declassifying wartime and postwar documents. In its introduction, the books says that new documents had been stored at the US National Archives and Holocaust Memorial Museum, including both diplomatic correspondence, American espionage, and even decryptions of German communications, new documents released by the Argentine government and the British Foreign Office, and the diary of Bishop Joseph Patrick Hurley, and that these documents reveal new information about Pius XII's actions regarding the Ustaše regime, the genocides in Poland, the finances of the wartime church, the deportation of the Roman Jews, and the postwar \"ratlines\" for Nazis and fascists fleeing Europe. In the book, Phayer writes, \"the face of Pope Pius that we see in these documents is not the same face we see in the eleven volumes the Vatican published of World War II documents, a collection which, though valuable, is nonetheless critically flawed because of its many omissions\". Charles Gallagher in his article for peer reviewed \"The Heythrop Journal\" described the work as \"\"perhaps the single most comprehensively important book to appear on the topic of Pius XII's and church-state relations in recent years\".\" He notes that Phayer takes up the question \"\"of the Vatican attitude of anti-Judaism as distinct from racial anti-Semitism, but he calls the distinction 'paper thin.' And that Phayer's assertion that Catholic anti- Judaism 'led to the physical elimination of Jews,' rather than assisted in creating a climate for such activity is still open to question.\"\" He describes Phayer's treatment of the Cold War pope as \"\"critical and discerning. The thrust here is to show the pope as the 'First Cold Warrior.\"'\" Gallagher regards Phayer's treatment of Ratline activity as \"\"impressive and enlightening\".\" He further notes the books \"\"exceptional primary resourcing\"\" and that Phayer is \"\"one of the first historians of the Cold War papacy to use Record Group 84, the diplomatic post files of the President's Personal Envoy to the pope. These files, rather than the so-called 'country file' of the Vatican,contain choice memoranda, telegraphic traffic, and intelligence insights previously undiscovered. In the larger trajectory of Phayer's book, the ratline investigations show a pope struck to the core by the insidious nature of worldwide communism. For Phayer, Pacelli's fear of communism allowed him look askance at the funnelling of atrocity perpetrators to South America where they would be expected to fight the spread of communism\"\" Gallagher groups Phayers book amongst \"\"three excellent treatments\"\" he reviewed in 2009, the other two being \"\"The Papacy, The Jews, and the Holocaust\"\" Frank J. Coppa and \"\"The Holy See and Hitler's Germany\"\" by Gerhard Besier. He further notes that \"\"Phayer makes the apt distinction between professional 'historians [and] writers whose sole objective is to defend Pius XII' and that so often in recent years, camps of defenders and critics have dredged-up one or two documents at a time and blasted their contents, usually out of full context, across media screens. A real strength of Phayer's book is that he is able to briefly assess each of the most prominent one-off assertions and contextualize it within the historiography and in light of the copious new information he has found in the archives\".\" Writing for the Catholic journal \"New Oxford Review\", Vincent A. Lapomarda criticised the book, saying that it was \"\"more the product of one man's subjective views than of objective evidence. Using documents released during the Clinton Administration, the author stresses how much the decision-making of Pope Pius XII was devoid of moral considerations because he was preoccupied with saving Western civilization from communism. While Phayer frequently points to omissions in the eleven volumes of World War II documents released by the Holy See, he fills these alleged gaps with documents that have been discredited by such historians as Robert A. Graham and Matteo Sanfilippo. In fact, Phayer himself casts doubt on one of his crucial sources, \"Unholy Trinity\" (1991) by Mark Aarons and John Loftus, declaring that it was \"not a reliable account in many instances,\" while later asserting that \"Loftus and Aaron told a tale that was mostly accurate.\"\" David Kertzer wrote in \"The American Historical Review\" \"\"The new material that Phayer has brought to light from the National Archives offers a useful contribution to our understanding of the controversial relationship between the Vatican and the perpetrators of the Holocaust, especially in the postwar period\".\" Pius XII, The Holocaust, and the Cold War Pius XII, The Holocaust, and the Cold War is a 2008 book by historian Michael Phayer which makes use of documents that had been released under US President Bill Clinton's 1997 executive order" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Half-forward line In the sport of Australian rules football, the half-forward line refers to a position on the field of play. 3 players are positioned in the half-forward line, a left and right half-forward flank player, as well as a centre half-forward. A half-forward flanker can be a forward such as John Barker, or it can be a midfielder such as Andrew McLeod, or Daniel Kerr. The centre half-forward is probably the most athletic player on the ground. He is required to kick goals, take strong marks, and do a lot of running. It is probably the most challenging position on the field, partly the reason key position players are so sought-after. Examples of centre half-forwards include Wayne Carey, Jonathan Brown, Warren Tredrea, Nick Riewoldt, Matthew Pavlich, Anthony Rocca, Barry Hall and Scott Lucas. The most prolific CHF in the competition over the past 4 years and currently is Lance Franklin. Half-forward line In the sport of Australian rules football, the half-forward line refers to a position on the field of play. 3 players are positioned in the half-forward line, a left and right half-forward flank player, as well as a centre half-forward. A half-forward flanker can be a forward" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Rawat Public School, Sanganer Rawat Educational Group is a chain of schools founded by Mr. B.S.Rawat in 1983. Rawat Public School is English Medium Co-educational school in Jaipur, India, serving play group to 12th is affiliated to Central Board of Secondary Education, is a distinctive part of the Rawat Education Group was established in 2009 at Pratap Nagar, Sanganer, Jaipur, in the state of Rajasthan, India under the leadership Mr. B.S.Rawat. He started a small start from VivekVihar School with 50 students turned into 15,000 students presently with all efforts of dedicated and devoted team of the group. Rawat Educational Group has a various branches of schools and colleges in Jaipur, including Pratap Nagar, Jaipur, Bhankrota, Mansarovar (Jaipur) etc. in Rajasthan. List of schools in Rajasthan Rawat Public School, Sanganer Rawat Educational Group is a chain of schools founded by Mr. B.S.Rawat in 1983. Rawat Public School is English Medium Co-educational school in Jaipur, India, serving play group to 12th is affiliated to Central Board of Secondary Education, is a distinctive part of the Rawat Education Group was established in 2009 at Pratap Nagar, Sanganer, Jaipur, in the state of Rajasthan, India under the leadership Mr. B.S.Rawat. He started a" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Theatre of Blood Theatre of Blood (also known in the U.S. as Theater of Blood) is a 1973 British horror comedy film directed by Douglas Hickox and starring Vincent Price as vengeful actor Edward Lionheart and Diana Rigg as his daughter Edwina. The cast includes distinguished actors Harry Andrews, Coral Browne, Robert Coote, Jack Hawkins, Ian Hendry, Michael Hordern, Arthur Lowe, Joan Hickson, Robert Morley, Milo O'Shea, Diana Dors and Dennis Price. After being humiliated (as he perceives it) at a coveted awards ceremony, Shakespearean actor Edward Lionheart (Vincent Price) is seen committing suicide by diving into the Thames from a great height. Unbeknownst to the public, Lionheart survives and is rescued by a group of vagrants. Two years later, on 15 March, Lionheart sets out to exact vengeance against the critics who failed to acclaim his genius, killing them one by one in a manner very similar to murder scenes from Shakespeare's plays. The first critic, George Maxwell, is murdered by a mob of homeless people, suggested by the murder of Caesar in \"Julius Caesar\". The second, Hector Snipe, is stabbed with a spear and his body dragged away, tied to a horse's tail replicating the murder of Hector from \"Troilus & Cressida\". The third, Horace Sprout, is decapitated while sleeping as was Cloton in \"Cymbeline\". The fourth critic, Trevor Dickman, has his heart cut out by Shylock in \"The Merchant of Venice\", rewriting the play so that Antonio is forced to repay his debt with a pound of flesh. The fifth, Oliver Larding, is drowned in a barrel of wine as is the Duke of Clarence in \"Richard III\". The sixth critic, Solomon Psaltery, an obsessively jealous man, murders his wife believing her to be unfaithful, as portrayed by \"Othello\". Although this critic survives, his actions lead to his imprisonment and it is speculated, due to his age, that he would die in prison. The seventh critic, Miss Chloe Moon, the only female victim, is electrocuted to replicate the burning of Joan of Arc in \"Henry VI: Part One\". The eighth critic, Meredith Merridew, a flamboyantly homosexual man, is force fed pies made from the meat of his dogs (who he regards as his 'babies') until he suffocates; replicating the death of Queen Tamara in \"Titus Andronicus\" who was fed her children in a pie. Having survived multiple lacerations during a fencing bout with Lionheart in the duel scene from \"Romeo & Juliet\", Peregrine Devlin, the final critic, survives again, when he is rescued just before being blinded with burning knives, as was Gloucester in \"King Lear\". Lionheart’s adoring daughter Edwina is arrested as the chief suspect (it is revealed early in the movie that she has indeed been helping her father), forcing the actor to reveal himself. In the final drama/murder attempt, Lionheart threatens chief critic Devlin to give him the coveted award or be killed. Devlin refuses, and Lionheart plans to put out his eyes with red-hot daggers, as with Gloucester in \"King Lear\". His contraption gets stuck, however, just as the police arrive to save Devlin. To thwart them, Lionheart sets fire to the theatre, and in the confusion, one of the vagrants kills Edwina with the award statuette, unwittingly casting her in the role of Cordelia. Lionheart retreats, carrying her body to the roof and delivering Lear's final monologue before the roof caves in, sending him to his death. This film was reportedly a favorite of Price, as he had always wanted the chance to act in Shakespeare, but found himself typecast because of his work in horror films.Diana Rigg regards this as her best film. Before or after each death in the film, Lionheart recites passages of Shakespeare, giving Price a chance to deliver choice speeches such as \"Hamlet's\" famous third soliloquy (\"To be, or not to be, that is the question...\"); Mark Antony's self-serving eulogy for Caesar from \"Julius Caesar\" (\"Friends, Romans, Countrymen, lend me your ears...\"); \"Now is the winter of our discontent...\" from the beginning of \"Richard III\"; and finally, the raving of the mad \"King Lear\" at the loss of his faithful daughter. The film is sometimes considered to be a spoof or homage of \"The Abominable Dr. Phibes\". Similarities with the earlier film include a presumed-dead protagonist (who is a professional performer) seeking revenge, nine intended victims (one of whom works directly with Scotland Yard and survives), themed murders rooted in literature, a young female sidekick, etc. \"Theatre of Blood\" had become critically acclaimed, maintaining a 96% \"fresh\" approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes with the consensus \"Deliciously campy and wonderfully funny, Theater of Blood features Vincent Price at his melodramatic best.\". \"Theatre of Blood\" was rather exceptional in that it was filmed entirely on location instead of staging scenes inside a movie studio. Lionheart's fictional hideout, the \"Burbage Theatre\", was actually the Putney Hippodrome in London, built in 1906, which had been vacant and dilapidated for over a decade before being used in the film. It was later demolished in 1975 to make way for housing units. The Hippodrome was also used in director Hickox's previous film, \"Sitting Target\" (1972) with Oliver Reed and Ian McShane. Lionheart's tomb is a Sievier family monument in Kensal Green Cemetery and shows the sculpted figures of a seated man, one hand placed on the head of a woman kneeling in adoration, while the other holds the Bible, its pages opened to a passage from the Gospel of Luke. The monument was altered for the film by plaster masks of Price and Rigg substituted for the real ones; the Bible became a volume of Shakespeare and there is a suitable engraving at the front with Lionheart's name and dates. Peregrine Devlin's impressive Thames-side apartment was in reality the penthouse flat at Alembic House (now known as Peninsula Heights) on the Albert Embankment. The property became the London home of novelist and disgraced politician Jeffrey Archer. The film was adapted for the stage by the British company Improbable, with Jim Broadbent playing Edward Lionheart and Rachael Stirling, Diana Rigg's daughter, playing the role her mother essayed, Lionheart's daughter. The play differs from the film in that the critics are from British newspapers (examples including \"The Guardian\" and \"The Times\") and is entirely set in an abandoned theatre. The play remains set in the 1970s, rather than being updated to contemporary times. Most of the secondary characters were excised including police and the number of deaths reduced. The killings based on \"Othello\" and \"Cymbeline\" are omitted as they would have to take place outside the theatre and rely on secondary characters, such as the critics' wives. The name of Lionheart's daughter is changed from \"Edwina\" to \"Miranda\" to enhance the Shakespearean influence. The adaptation ran in London at the National Theatre between May and September 2005 and received mixed reviews. Vincent Price was introduced to his future wife Coral Browne by Diana Rigg during the making of the film. Browne recalled in a television documentary \"Caviar To The General\" in 1990, that she had not wanted to make \"one of those scary Vincent Price movies\" but she was persuaded to take the part of Chloe Moon by her friends Robert Morley and Michael Hordern, acknowledging that the film thus had a very strong cast. Rigg introduced the couple, ignorant of the fact that Price was married. Theatre of Blood Theatre of Blood (also known in the U.S. as Theater of Blood) is a 1973 British horror comedy film directed by Douglas Hickox and starring Vincent Price as vengeful actor Edward Lionheart and Diana Rigg as his daughter Edwina. The cast includes distinguished actors Harry Andrews, Coral Browne, Robert Coote, Jack Hawkins, Ian Hendry, Michael Hordern, Arthur Lowe, Joan Hickson, Robert Morley, Milo O'Shea, Diana Dors and Dennis Price. After being humiliated (as he perceives" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Oakville Blue Stars Oakville Blue Stars is a Canadian soccer team, founded in 1999, based in Oakville, Ontario. The team was a member of the Ontario Soccer League, the highest level soccer league in Ontario, and played in the Provincial Division. The Oakville U1990A Boys team, aka Oakville Blue Stars, was formed by Phil Iafrati in 1999, within the Oakville Soccer Club of Oakville, Ontario. The Oakville Blue Stars have won: one National Club Championship U14; three Ontario Cups U14, U15, U21; seven League Champions; five League Cups; and two Dunleavy Cups (between SRSL and CSL in the 3 years prior to Ontario Cup). One year before assembling the Oakville Blue Stars, Phil Iafrati in 1998 with his Oakville Blue Devils won the U19 Canadian Club Soccer Championships. The Oakville Soccer Club has become one of the largest community soccer organizations with more than 10,000 recreational and competitive players playing in summer outdoor and fall/winter indoor leagues. It was created in 1972 as an amalgamation of Bronte Legion Soccer Club, Oakville United Soccer Club and Oakville Minor Soccer. The Oakville Soccer Club is a member of the Ontario Soccer Association. The club's tradition of excellence as shown by its 9 National Championships, over 50 Ontario Cups and a large number of players selected to represent Canada at the international level. Respect Everyone! Fear No One! Pain is Temporary! Championships are Forever! Numerous Cdn and US tournament Championships including the Baltimore Boys' Soccer Showcase - U18/U19 Champions, Columbia, MD (2007). The logo was created to symbolize the team. The large star represented the goalie at the centre of the team. The smaller stars provided the traditional configuration of the team, in a 3 - 5 - 2 formation. Oakville Blue Stars Oakville Blue Stars is a Canadian soccer team, founded in" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Claude de Beauharnais (1756–1819) Claude de Beauharnais (26 September 1756, La Rochelle – 10 January 1819, Paris) was a French politician. He was the son of Claude de Beauharnais (1717–1784), comte of Les Roches-Baritaud (uncle of Alexandre de Beauharnais and of François de Beauharnais) and his wife Fanny. His mother held a famous salon in Paris. He married twice. The first time was in 1783 to Claudine Françoise Adrienne Gabrielle de Lézay-Marnézia, by whom he had one son, Albéric Jules Albert de Beauharnais (23.08.1787–1791), who died in infancy, and one daughter, Stéphanie de Beauharnais (born 28 August 1789 – 1859), who became the adoptive daughter of Napoleon I, married Karl, Grand Duke of Baden, and died as dowager grand-duchess. He remarried in 1799 to Sophie Fortin Duplessis (1775–1850), and they had only one child, Josephine de Beauharnais (11 December 1803 – 14 November 1871). He joined the army early and was a captain in the régiment des gardes françaises at the outbreak of the French Revolution. On 5 pluviôse year XII he was made president of the electoral college of the Vendée département, also becoming a Sénat conservateur on 1 floréal year XII. He was made a member of the Légion d'honneur on the following 25 prairial. Napoleon I granted him the sénatorerie of Amiens on 16 March 1806. He was made comte de l'Empire on 6 June 1808. In 1810, he became a member of the conseil d'administration of the Sénat conservateur, a chevalier d'honneur of empress Marie-Louise and grand cross of the ordre de la Fidélité (on 24 February). On 30 June 1811 he became a grand-officer of the Légion d'honneur. On the Bourbon Restoration, Louis XVIII added to the honours Claude had received under Napoleon, including Pair de France on 4 June 1814. In the trial of Marshal Ney, Claude voted for his death. Claude de Beauharnais (1756–1819) Claude de Beauharnais (26 September 1756, La Rochelle – 10 January 1819, Paris) was a French politician. He was the son of Claude de Beauharnais (1717–1784), comte of Les Roches-Baritaud (uncle of Alexandre de Beauharnais and of François de Beauharnais) and his wife Fanny. His mother held a famous salon in Paris. He married twice. The first time was in 1783 to Claudine Françoise Adrienne Gabrielle de Lézay-Marnézia, by whom he had one son, Albéric Jules Albert de Beauharnais (23.08.1787–1791), who died in infancy, and one daughter, Stéphanie de" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Wuchang railway station Wuchang railway station is a major railway station on the Beijing–Guangzhou Railway, the Wuhan–Jiujiang Railway and the Hankou–Danjiangkou Railway, located on the east side of Zhongshan Road in Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Founded as the Tongxiang Gate Station in 1916, the station was moved several times and settled in the current location on 1957. It is the largest transportation center in Wuhan with daily traffic of 77,000 passengers and 20,000 packages as of 2000, and a record of 80,000 passengers per day during the Chunyun period as of 2008. In 2010, some timetable systems (e.g. www.tielu.org) started referring to the Wuchang railway station as \"Wuhan South Station\" (武汉南站). However, \"Wuchang\" continues to be both the official and commonly used name. Wuchang station is served by a station of the same name on Line 4 of Wuhan Metro. Line 4 connects this station to Wuhan railway station, the Wuhan terminus for high-speed services. Bus No. 10 and Special Line 561 run between this station and Hankou. Wuchang railway station Wuchang railway station is a major railway station on the Beijing–Guangzhou Railway, the Wuhan–Jiujiang Railway and the Hankou–Danjiangkou Railway, located on the east side of Zhongshan Road in" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Whiskering Heights Whiskering Heights is the first minisode from the second season of \"Kid vs. Kat\", and the 15th overall. There are no credits given except for story and storyboards. After being scared by a dog, Kat leaps to a tree refusing to get out from there. At first, a group of firemen tries to save him fruitlessly, while neither the policemen nor the armed forces have more success on their efforts. Finally Coop (in a rare minor role) is forced by Millie and Old Lady Munson to make Kat get out from the tree. Surprisingly, he succeeds and then begin to act like a cat in front of the firemen, the policemen and the army men, all whom get scared. Whiskering Heights Whiskering Heights is the first minisode from the second season of \"Kid vs. Kat\", and the 15th overall. There are no credits given except for story and storyboards. After being scared by a dog, Kat leaps to a tree refusing to get out from there. At first, a group of firemen tries to save him fruitlessly, while neither the policemen nor the armed forces have more success on their efforts. Finally Coop (in a rare minor role)" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Povoação (parish) Povoação is a civil parish in the municipality (\"concelho\") of Povoação, on the island of São Miguel in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. The population in 2011 was 2,161, in an area of 26.23 km². Colonization of the island is commonly associated with the settlement of \"Povoação Velha\", the first colony on the island of São Miguel. \"\"Arriving here on the island, the nine discoverers took land in the place where today we call Povoação Velha for which they made later...and, disembarked between two fresh ravines of clear, sweet and cold waters, (the Ribeira de Além and the Ribeira de Pelames) between the cliffs and high lands, (Morro de Santa Bárbara and Lomba dos Pós) all covered in greenery of cedro, laurel, ginger and faias, and other diverse\"\". From the beginning, the locality impressed the settlers, since it was abundant in vegetation, to them indicating a fertil land. Settlement, therefore, progressed from this point on the island: they transported cattle, wheat seed, legumes and agricultural implements. The parish church, dedicated to \"Nossa Senhora da Mãe de Deus\" (\"Our Lady The Mother of God\"), was constructed from 24 July 1848, and emblematic for is gilded wood altarpieces and the image of its patron. On 4 July 1865 the parish council building was first inaugurated, later to be the site of the municipalities local government. For a long time the fertility of the lands within the Povoação crater made the region recognized as the \"cereal center\" of the island. Povoação (parish) Povoação is a civil parish in the municipality (\"concelho\") of Povoação, on the island of São Miguel in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. The population in 2011 was 2,161, in an area of 26.23 km². Colonization of the island is commonly associated with the settlement of \"Povoação" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Origin of the Kurds The Kurds as an ethnicity within the Northwestern Iranian group enter the historical record at the end of the seventh century. Scholars have suggested different theories for the origin of the name \"Kurd\". According to the English Orientalist Godfrey Rolles Driver, the term \"Kurd\" is related to the Sumerian \"Karda\" which was found from Sumerian clay tablets of the third millennium B.C, while according to other scholars, it predates the Islamic period, as a Middle Persian word for \"nomad\", and may ultimately be derived from an ancient toponym or tribal name, either that of the \"Cyrtii\" or of \"Corduene\". The name \"Kurds\" (Arabic \"Kurd\", plural \"Akrad\") is used throughout the medieval period, from the Islamic conquests, also as a generic term for Iranian nomadic tribes by the Arabs. There are different theories about the origin of name \"Kurd\". According to one theory, it originates in Middle Persian as 𐭪𐭥𐭫𐭲 \"kwrt-\", a term for \"nomad; tent-dweller\". After the Muslim conquest of Persia, this term is adopted into Arabic as \"kurd-\", and was used specifically of nomadic tribes. As for the Middle Persian noun \"kwrt-\" originating in an ancient toponym, it has been argued that it may ultimately reflect a Bronze Age toponym \"Qardu\", \"Kar-da\", which may also be reflected in the Arabic (Quranic) toponym \"Ǧūdī\" (re-adopted in Kurdish as \"Cûdî\") The name would be continued in classical antiquity as the first element in the toponym \"Corduene\", and its inhabitants, mentioned by Xenophon as the tribe of the \"Carduchoi\" who opposed the retreat of the Ten Thousand through the mountains north of Mesopotamia in the 4th century BC. This view is supported by some recent academic sources which have considered Corduene as proto-Kurdish region. Alternatively, \"kwrt-\" may be a derivation from the name of the \"Cyrtii\" tribe instead. According to some sources, by the 16th century, there seems to develop an ethnic identity designated by the term \"Kurd\" among various Northwestern Iranian groups, without reference to any specific Iranian language. Kurdish scholar Mehrdad Izady argues that any nomadic groups called \"kurd\" in medieval Arabic are \"bona fide ethnic Kurds\", and that it is conversely the non-Kurdish groups descended from them who have \"acquired separate ethnic identities since the end of the medieval period\". Sherefxan Bidlisi in the 16th century states that there are four division of \"Kurds\": \"Kurmanj\", \"Lur\", \"Kalhor\" and \"Guran\", each of which speak a different dialect or language variation. Paul (2008) notes that the 16th-century usage of the term \"Kurd\" as recorded by Bidlisi, regardless of linguistic grouping, might still reflect an incipient Northwestern Iranian \"Kurdish\" ethnic identity uniting the Kurmanj, Kalhor, and Guran. The term \"kurd\" is used in the 16th century by Sherefxan Bidlisi as encompassing four tribal groups, the \"Kurmanj\", \"Lur\", \"Kalhor\" and \"Guran\", each of which speak a different dialect or language variation. Paul (2008) argues that this marks an incipient ethnogenesis of the Kurds as a coherent Northwestern Iranian group, as three out of these four groups can be identified as the ancestors of groups that at least partially identify as Kurdish today, while the \"Lurs\" are not a Kurdish group, and indeed do not belong to the Northwest Iranian but to the Southwestern Iranian linguistic phylum. Paul further notes that the first texts that identifiably are written in Kurdish appear during the same period. The Kurdish people are believed to be of heterogeneous origins combining a number of earlier tribal or ethnic groups including Lullubi, Guti, Cyrtians, Carduchi. Some of them have also absorbed some elements from Semitic, Turkic and Armenian people. While various predecessor groups that may have contributed to Kurdish ethnogenesis are of intractable antiquity (the Gutians being a people of the Middle Bronze Age), the emergence of the Kurds as speakers of an identifiably Northwestern Iranian language (viz. Kurdish) necessarily post-dates the unity of the Northwestern branch. 19th-century scholars, such as George Rawlinson, identified Corduene and Carduchi with the modern Kurds, considering that \"Carduchi\" was the ancient lexical equivalent of \"Kurdistan\". This view is supported by some recent academic sources which have considered Corduene as proto-Kurdish or as equivalent to modern-day Kurdistan. There were numerous forms of this name, partly due to the difficulty of representing \"kh\" in Latin. The spelling \"Karduchoi\" is itself probably borrowed from Armenian, since the termination \"-choi\" represents the Armenian language plural suffix \"-kh\". It is speculated that Carduchi spoke an Old Iranian language. Jewish sources trace origins of people of Corduene to marriage of Jinns of King Solomon with 500 beautiful Jewish women. The same legend was also used by the early Islamic authorities to explain origins of Kurds. Gershevitch and Fisher consider the independent Kardouchoi or Carduchi as the ancestors of the Kurds, or at least the original nucleus of the Iranian-speaking people in what is now Kurdistan. The Medes have often been believed to be a starting point for Kurdish (as well as Baloch) ethnogesis. This would leave about a millennium of separate development between the collapse of the Median Empire and the first historical mention of the Kurds as an identifiable ethnic group. The Median hypothesis was advanced by Vladimir Minorsky . I. Gershevitch who provided first \"a piece of linguistic confirmation\" of Minorsky's identification and then another \"sociolinguistic\" argument. Gernot Windfuhr (1975) identified Kurdish dialects as Parthian, albeit with a Median substratum. Median descent of the Kurds has found favour as a historical narrative among Kurds in the 20th century, so that identification of Kurds as Medes is now common in Kurdish nationalist sentiment, though some experts believe it is incorrect. The hypothesis is not without its detractors, among them Martin van Bruinessen (2004). Asatrian (2009) stated that \"The Central Iranian dialects, and primarily those of the Kashan area in the first place, as well as the Azari dialects (otherwise called Southern Tati) are probably the only Iranian dialects, which can pretend to be the direct offshoots of Median ... In general, the relationship between Kurdish and Median are not closer than the affinities between the latter and other North Western dialects — Baluchi, Talishi, South Caspian, Zaza, Gurani, etc.\" There are multiple legends that detail the origins of the Kurds. One details the Kurds as being the descendants of King Solomon’s angelic servants (Djinn). These were sent to Europe to bring him five-hundred beautiful maidens, for the king's harem. However, when these had done so and returned to Israel the king had already died. As such, the Djinn settled in the mountains, married the women themselves, and their offspring came to be known as the Kurds. Additionally, in the legend of Newroz, an evil Assyrian king named Zahak, who had two snakes growing out of his shoulders, had conquered Iran, and terrorized its subjects; demanding daily sacrifices in the form of young men's brains. Unknowingly to Zahak, the cooks of the palace saved one of the men, and mixed the brains of the other with those of a sheep. The men that were saved were told to flee to the mountains. Hereafter, Kaveh the Blacksmith, who had already lost several of his children to Zahak, trained the men in the mountains, and stormed Zahak’s palace, severing the heads of the snakes and killing the tyrannical king. Kaveh was instilled as the new king, and his followers formed the beginning of the Kurdish people. In the writings of the Ottoman Turkish traveller Evliya Çelebi, there's also a legend concerning the Kurds to be found. He states to have learned of this legend from a certain \"Mighdisî\", an Armenian historian: Origin of the Kurds The Kurds as an ethnicity within the Northwestern Iranian group enter the", "to Zahak, the cooks of the palace saved one of the men, and mixed the brains of the other with those of a sheep. The men that were saved were told to flee to the mountains. Hereafter, Kaveh the Blacksmith, who had already lost several of his children to Zahak, trained the men in the mountains, and stormed Zahak’s palace, severing the heads of the snakes and killing the tyrannical king. Kaveh was instilled as the new king, and his followers formed the beginning of the Kurdish people. In the writings of the Ottoman Turkish traveller Evliya Çelebi, there's also a legend concerning the Kurds to be found. He states to have learned of this legend from a certain \"Mighdisî\", an Armenian historian: Origin of the Kurds The Kurds as an ethnicity within the Northwestern Iranian group enter the historical record at the end of the seventh century. Scholars have suggested different theories for the origin of the name \"Kurd\". According to the English Orientalist Godfrey Rolles Driver, the term" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Kilwinning Old Parish church Kilwinning Old Parish church is located (NS 30321 432940) on the site of the old Kilwinning Abbey, North Ayrshire, Scotland. Following the Scottish Reformation the abbey was largely destroyed and a parish church was constructed in the ruins in 1590, reusing the dressed stones. The first Protestant minister was William Kilpatrick in 1587. This building was designed by John Swan and built by John Wright and John Garland at the cost of £546, being completed in 1774 on the site of its 16th century predecessor. It was constructed at the expense of the Earl of Eglinton. An old stone bearing the arms of the Eglinton family and the date 1593 is incorporated into a wall of the church. The interior is a little less spartan and austere than the exterior. A prominent feature is the Eglinton Loft or Gallery, built as an area for the exclusive use of the Earls of Eglinton and their retinue. A private entrance and the Eglinton Room, complete with fireplace, provided the deference and comfort that the Earls expected. The fine organ was built by Foster and Anderson in 1897. The Memorial Screen was dedicated in 1990 to the memory of Colonel A. R. Cole-Hamilton who died at Gallipoli in 1915, his mother Sarah, and his wife Gladys. The screen features the Coat of arms of the Cole-Hamiltons and the seal of the Abbot of Kilwinning Abbey. The church has some fine stained glass windows, including one to Lady Sophia Montgomerie, Countess of Eglinton and wife of the 9th Earl of Eglinton and another by Stephen Adam to the Rev Lee Ker, minister of this church and author of a detailed book on the churches of Kilwinning. The Conn and Hendrie families are likewise commemorated as are James Gaul, Alexander Stewart, Thomas Borland, and the Rev Archibald Hunter. An 800th Tapestry was created by the members and friends of the Abbey church to celebrate the 800th anniversary of the founding of the abbey. An unusual marble memorial stone is to David Muir, Chamberlain to the 9th Earl of Eglinton, who generously left his lands of Woodgreen to the poor of the parish. The tower of the old abbey fell in 1814, however it was rebuilt on a smaller scale by Messrs Connell of Dalgarven, who also built the Eglinton Tournament Bridge, the architect being David Hamilton. Considerable restorations were made on the choir of the abbey church and in parts of the nave in 1814. The Glasgow's of Montgreenan are buried here, as are the said David Muir (see photograph), a number of the Earls of Eglinton and their families, as well as the Reverend Doctor James Steven who Robert Burns mentions in 'The Calf'. Kilwinning Old Parish church Kilwinning Old Parish church is located (NS 30321 432940) on the site of the old Kilwinning Abbey, North Ayrshire, Scotland. Following the Scottish Reformation the abbey was largely destroyed and a parish church was constructed in the ruins in 1590, reusing the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "The Wonderful Galaxy of Oz The Wonderful Galaxy of Oz is a 1992 Japanese anime television series that is a futuristic adaptation of the classic story The Wonderful Wizard of Oz produced by Enoki Films, TX Network and E&G Films. It was originally debuted on October 5, 1992 in Japan as Space Oz no Bōken (スペースオズの冒険, \"Adventures of Space Oz\"), and consists of 26 episodes. The plot parallels the original but imposes a science fiction theme. In 1996, A highly truncated (76 minutes) English dubbed version of the original was released into a full-length film for North America by Enoki Films USA. In the year 2060, eight-year-old Dorothy and her dog are mysteriously swept off their planet into the wonderful, magical Galaxy of Oz. An evil witch, Gloomhilda, once ruled the Galaxy through fear and terror but was driven out by the good Dr. Oz. Now, Gloomhilda has amassed an army on the outskirts of the galaxy and is preparing to win back her empire. Her sneak attack fails due to Dorothy's unexpected arrival. However, Dr. Oz knows Gloomhilda will return. He has a plan which will free the Galaxy of the wickedness of Gloomhilda forever. Legend tells of three crystals, the Crystal of Love, the Crystal of Wisdom, and the Crystal of Courage. These crystals were spread throughout the Galaxy and lost hundreds of years ago. According to the legend, whoever possesses all three crystals will rule the Galaxy of Oz for all Eternity. Under the guidance of Dr. Oz, Dorothy and an assortment of \"heroes\" set out to scour the Galaxy in search of the three magical crystals. Japan The Wonderful Galaxy of Oz The Wonderful Galaxy of Oz is a 1992 Japanese anime television series that is a futuristic adaptation of the classic story The Wonderful Wizard" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Classical tradition The Western classical tradition is the reception of classical Greco-Roman antiquity by later cultures, especially the post-classical West, involving texts, imagery, objects, ideas, institutions, monuments, architecture, cultural artifacts, rituals, practices, and sayings. Philosophy, political thought, and mythology are three major examples of how classical culture survives and continues to have influence. The West is one of a number of world cultures regarded as having a classical tradition, including the Indian, Chinese, Judaic, and Islamic traditions. The study of the classical tradition differs from classical philology, which seeks to recover \"the meanings that ancient texts had in their original contexts.\" It examines both later efforts to uncover the realities of the Greco-Roman world and \"creative misunderstandings\" that reinterpret ancient values, ideas and aesthetic models for contemporary use. The classicist and translator Charles Martindale has defined the reception of classical antiquity as \"a two-way process … in which the present and the past are in dialogue with each other.\" The beginning of a self-conscious classical tradition is usually located in the Renaissance, with the work of Petrarch in 14th-century Italy. Although Petrarch believed that he was recovering an unobstructed view of a classical past that had been obscured for centuries, the classical tradition in fact had continued uninterrupted during the Middle Ages. There was no single moment of rupture when the inhabitants of what was formerly the Roman Empire went to bed in antiquity and awoke in the medieval world; rather, the cultural transformation occurred over centuries. The use and meaning of the classical tradition may seem, however, to change dramatically with the emergence of humanism. The phrase \"classical tradition\" is itself a modern label, articulated most notably in the post-World War II era with \"The Classical Tradition: Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature\" of Gilbert Highet (1949) and \"The Classical Heritage and Its Beneficiaries\" of R. R. Bolgar (1954). The English word \"tradition,\" and with it the concept of \"handing down\" classical culture, derives from the Latin verb \"trado, tradere, traditus\", in the sense of \"hand over, hand down.\" Writers and artists influenced by the classical tradition may name their ancient models, or allude to their works. Often scholars infer classical influence through comparative methods that reveal patterns of thought. Sometimes authors' copies of Greek and Latin texts will contain handwritten annotations that offer direct evidence of how they read and understood their classical models; for instance, in the late 20th century the discovery of Montaigne's copy of Lucretius enabled scholars to document an influence that had long been recognized. Classical tradition The Western classical tradition is the reception of classical Greco-Roman antiquity by later cultures, especially the post-classical West, involving texts, imagery, objects, ideas, institutions, monuments, architecture, cultural artifacts, rituals, practices, and sayings. Philosophy, political thought, and mythology are three major examples of how classical culture survives and continues to have influence. The West is one of a number of world cultures regarded as having a classical tradition, including the Indian, Chinese, Judaic, and Islamic traditions. The" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Snowplow Game In National Football League lore, the Snowplow Game was a regular-season game played between the Miami Dolphins and New England Patriots on December 12, 1982, at Schaefer Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts. The stadium's snowplow operator, Mark Henderson, cleared a spot on the snowy field specifically for New England kicker John Smith so he could kick the game-winning field goal to give the Patriots a 3–0 win. The night before this game, heavy rains had soaked the AstroTurf surface at New England's Schaefer Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts. The field froze over, and conditions were made significantly worse as a snowstorm hit during the game. As a result, an emergency ground rule was put into play where the officials could call time-out and allow the ground crew to use a snowplow to clear the yard markers. Despite this rule, the ground crew could not plow often enough to keep the field clear. The two teams remained scoreless late into the fourth quarter. With 4:45 left to go in the game and on-field conditions worsening, Patriots coach Ron Meyer motioned to snowplow operator Mark Henderson to clear a spot on the field specifically for placekicker John Smith. According to Meyer, it was quarterback Steve Grogan who suggested asking Henderson to clear the field for the kick. As Henderson recalled years later, \"I saw Coach Meyer running to me, shouting and pointing to the field. I kind of knew what he was trying to say, so I got on the tractor and drove onto the field.\" At first, no one had thought it suspicious, assuming that the plow would go straight across, and allow for a more accurate measurement (which turned out to be 33 yards). Instead, the plow veered left, directly in front of the goal post, giving Smith a clean spot from which to kick. Matt Cavanaugh held for the kick, which was successful. On the following drive by the Miami Dolphins, linebacker Don Blackmon picked off Dolphins quarterback David Woodley. The Patriots won the game by the final score of 3–0. The game ball was awarded to all-pro linebacker Steve Nelson, who subsequently donated it to his alma mater, North Dakota State University. Henderson also received a game ball from a grateful Meyer after the game. Dolphins coach Don Shula, angry with the move and believing it to be against the league rules, pointed out that the league's unfair act clause allowed the league to overturn the game result. He met with NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle several days later concerning his protest, and although Rozelle agreed with Shula that the use of the plow gave the Patriots an unfair advantage, he said that he had never reversed the result of a game and was not going to start doing so for any reason. Henderson, a convicted burglar on a work release program from MCI-Norfolk at the time of the game, was released from prison a few years later and currently works in the construction business. When interviewed years later about the controversy surrounding the game, Henderson jokingly remarked, \"What are they gonna do, throw me in jail?\" Both teams would make the playoffs, with the Patriots finishing 7th in the AFC, and the Dolphins finishing 2nd (the normal division-oriented playoff format was scrapped due to the player's strike that shortened the 1982 season), but the Dolphins would exact revenge, eliminating the Patriots by a score of 28-13, en route to the Dolphins' reaching Super Bowl XVII. The following year, the NFL banned the use of snowplows on the field during a game. In a 2007 interview for an NFL Network segment about the game, Shula recalled protesting the \"unfair\" act, to which Commissioner Pete Rozelle responded that, while he agreed wholeheartedly, without a rule explicitly barring such use of the plow, there was nothing he could do. Ron Meyer, who was also interviewed, said that he didn't see why it was such a controversy at the time, saying, \"The only thing I could see (the Dolphins) arguing about was 'unfair competitive advantage'.\" The incident is commemorated with an interactive exhibit at the Hall at Patriot Place within the Patriots' current home, Gillette Stadium. The plow itself, a John Deere Model 314 tractor with sweeper attached, hangs from the ceiling at the exhibit. Snowplow Game In National Football League lore, the Snowplow Game was a regular-season game played between the Miami Dolphins and New England Patriots on December 12, 1982, at Schaefer Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts. The stadium's snowplow operator, Mark Henderson, cleared a spot on the snowy field specifically for New England kicker John Smith so he could kick the game-winning field goal to give the Patriots a 3–0 win. The night before this game, heavy rains had soaked the AstroTurf surface at New England's Schaefer Stadium in Foxborough," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Gisella Loeffler Gisella Loeffler (1902–1977) was an Austro-Hungarian–American painter, illustrator and textile artist in a distinctive folk style. She began her career in St Louis, Missouri, before moving to the Taos art colony, New Mexico. Although her style was very different from those of other Taos artists, she was popular with them as well as with the public. Among her best known works are murals she painted in an Albuquerque hospital as part of the 1930s Federal Art Project. Gisella Loeffler was born near Vienna in Austria (then Austro-Hungary) ca 1902, and as a young child travelled with family to the United States, where they lived in Missouri. Loeffler trained in traditional painting at the Washington University in St Louis School of Fine Arts, but was inspired by her childhood memories to paint in a folk style. In 1920, she won a prize at the annual exhibition by St. Louis artists, judged by Paul Dougherty, who bought one of her paintings. The St Louis Friends of Local Artists Society purchased another of her paintings, for display in public schools, and awarded her a scholarship. During the years 1924–1928, Loeffler created black and white images for the cover of the St. Louis Post Dispatch Sunday Magazine. Loeffler was commissioned in 1930 to paint the walls and ceiling of a new operating theatre in the Barnes Hospital, to help children forget their fears. This attracted attention around the world. In 1933, Loeffler moved with her daughters to Taos, New Mexico, to live in the Taos art colony. There, she worked for the New Deal Federal Art Project, painting murals in schools and hospitals. She also produced her designs in large batiks, \"rich in color and exotic in design\", which were exhibited in Albuquerque and St Louis, and installed in hotels. She protested against the abolishment of the Federal Art Project by sending an illustrated letter to Eleanor Roosevelt in 1939. <br> With the advent of WWII, Loeffler moved to California and painted camouflage on planes. While there, she illustrated a children's book called \"Franzi and Gizi\" (1941), by Margery Williams Bianco. \"Life\" magazine considered it \"one of the best juvenile [book]s of any year\", and \"Kirkus\" called it \"[b]rilliant peasant art\". In 1942, \"The Spanish-American Song and Game Book\" (a New Deal project), was published, illustrated by Loeffler and her daughter Undine L. Gutierrez. In this book, Loeffler blended her Austro-Hungarian folk art style with Native American and Hispanic subjects. The book was described as \"charmingly illustrated\", and requests for it were received from around the world. Another book, \"Little-Boy-Dance\" by Elizabeth Willis DeHuff, followed in 1946. Reviewers found the illustrations \"amusing\", \"delightful .. a perfect accompaniment to a good story\". After the war ended, Loeffler moved back to Taos. She designed greeting cards for many years, for Associated American Artists, and other companies. Her prints and paintings were sold in frames she had designed and painted. During the 1950s–1970s, Loeffler worked in tapestry, weaving the fabric and embroidering and appliquéing her designs to produce wallhangings. She won awards for her tapestries at the Santa Fe Museum of International Folk Art's 'Craftsmen of New Mexico' show in 1959 and 'Southwestern Craftsmen's Exhibition' in 1967. They were also exhibited around the US in states including Illinois (where a reviewer found them \"a joyous feast for the eyes\"), California and Texas. In 1957, Metlox Pottery of California issued Loeffler's \"Happy Time\" design. It was not a commercial success, and was discontinued after only a few years, but has become highly collectable today. She illustrated three more children's books in the 1960s, the last of which, \"El Ekeko\", she also wrote. Loeffler also carved and painted toys and Christmas decorations, and her work was featured in the \"Better Homes and Gardens\" annual \"Christmas Ideas\" magazine several times during the 1960s. Although her naive style does not fit within any of the movements or schools within the Taos art colony, she has been described as \"a Taos legend\", who provided \"an uplifting presence\" and whose work depicted \"children or childlike adults inhabit[ing] a simple, brightly colored world filled with happiness.\" Long-term Taos resident Mabel Dodge Luhan wrote, in her 1947 book \"Taos and Its Artists\": \"Gisella Loeffler! How people are attracted to your funny little painted children and the reassuring life you surround them with! ... Everyone is allured and amused by the life of these robust infants with roses and birds and hearts all about them. It makes people forget that sometimes their life is not so gay.\" A Taos gallery owner said in 1959, \"Gisella is one of our most popular and colorful exhibitors. Popular acceptance of her work easily places her in the top echelon of Southwestern painters.\" In 1998, an exhibition titled \"Loeffler and Kloss: Two Taos Legends,\" held at the Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum, Texas as part of the Taos Art Colony Centennial Celebration, described Loeffler as one of \"the best known artists of Taos\". Loeffler married Edgar Lacher in the early 1920s, with whom she had two daughters. They divorced in 1933. She married her second husband, Frank P. Chase, in 1949, and they lived in the former Taos home of D.H. Lawrence. Loeffler was known for her colorful clothing, and her colorful home. She decorated her furniture, walls and windows with her folk designs. She lived in Taos for over 40 years, dying there on 12 September 1977. Gisella Loeffler's works are in the collections of the Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum in Canyon, Texas; the Harwood Museum of Art, Taos; the New Mexico Museum of Art (New Deal collection); the Museum of International Folk Art, Santa Fe; and also at the Carrie Tingley Hospital, Albuquerque. Gisella Loeffler Gisella Loeffler (1902–1977) was an Austro-Hungarian–American painter, illustrator and textile artist in a distinctive folk style. She began her career in St Louis, Missouri, before moving to the Taos art colony, New Mexico. Although her style was very different from those of other Taos artists, she was popular with them as well as with" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Sir Pathétik Raphaël Bérubé, known by his stage name Sir Pathétik, is a Canadian rapper who has released a number of albums and collaborated with many artists, earning several best rapper awards from ADISQ. Sir sir pathetik has been knighted by the queen in 2003 after his album: vive le québec libre. He won 3 Grammys for this album and established a billboard top 100 for the record Mon pays. He started in music 10 years ago and when he joined the group \"Chosen One\" made of Ale Dee and Diapason after departure of Justice J, the grouped including Sir Pathétik was renamed \"Mine de rien\". He and Ale Dee won the 2nd place of the competition \"Hip Hop Forever 2002\". After the group split up, Sir Pathétik went solo with a string of albums. He has also collaborated with many artists including Yvon Krevé, 1 Etranjj, l'Queb, Billy Nova, Da Vinci, Striger, Malik Shaheed, Asami and DJ Horg. Sir Pathétik Raphaël Bérubé, known by his stage name Sir Pathétik, is a Canadian rapper who has released a number of albums and collaborated with many artists, earning several best rapper awards from ADISQ. Sir sir pathetik has been knighted by" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ ".su .su was assigned as the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the Soviet Union (USSR) on 19 September 1990 . Even though the Soviet Union itself was dissolved a mere 15 months later, the .su top-level domain remains in use today. It is administered by the Russian Institute for Public Networks (RIPN, or RosNIIROS in Russian transcription). After 1989 a set of new internet domains was created in Europe, including .pl (Poland), .cs (Czechoslovakia), .yu (Yugoslavia) and .dd (East Germany). Among them there was also a domain for the USSR – .su. Initially, before two-letter ccTLDs became standard, the Soviet Union was to receive a .ussr domain. The .su domain was proposed by the then-19-year-old Finnish student Petri Ojala. On 26 December 1991 the country formally ceased to exist and its constituent republics gained independence, which should have caused the domain to begin a phase-out process, as happened with those of East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. Until 1993 there was no assigned top-level domain name for Russia. For this reason the country continued to use the Soviet domain. In 1993 the .ru domain was created, which is supposed to eventually replace the .su domain (domains for the republics other than Russia were created at different times in the mid-nineties; however, the domain usage outside the Russian region is slim). The domain was supposed to be withdrawn by ICANN, but it was kept at the request of the Russian government and Internet users. In 2001, the managers of the domain stated that they would commence accepting new .su registrations, but it is unclear whether this action was compatible with ICANN policies. ICANN has expressed intentions to terminate the .su domain and IANA states that the domain is being phased out, but lobbyists stated in September 2007 that they had started negotiations with ICANN on retaining the domain. In the first quarter of 2008, .su registrations increased by 45%. The domain was intended to be used by Soviet institutions and companies operating in the USSR. Despite the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the superseding of the TLD by the new country TLDs of the republics that gained independence, it is still in use. Most of the .su domains are registered in Russia and the United States. According to the \"RU-CENTER\" data from May 2010, there were over 93,500 registered domains with the .su TLD (there are over 2.8 million .ru domains). Among the institutions still using this domain is the Russian pro-Vladimir Putin youth movement Nashi, as well as by the pro-Russian armed insurgency in Eastern Ukraine. Some organizations with roots in the former Soviet Union also still use this TLD. The domain has been reported to host many cybercrime activities due to the lax, outdated terms of use, and staying out of focus (2% usage comparing to the primary .ru zone). Rules for timely suspension of malicious domains have been in place since 2013. .su .su was assigned as the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the Soviet Union" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Mrs. Fisher's Mrs. Fisher's, Inc., also known as Mrs. Fishers Potato Chips, is a regional manufacturer of potato chips founded in Rockford, Illinois. The company was begun in 1932 by Ethel Fisher and today is a recognized brand name of potato chips in parts of the Midwestern United States. According to the Mrs. Fisher's website, it was Eugene Fisher, Ethel (Feldt) Fisher's husband, who had the idea of producing potato chips. Eugene and Ethel cooked chips to earn extra money during The Depression. The logo for Mrs. Fisher's potato chips, invented by Eugene in the first year of business, has changed little over the years. The logo features a 'potato-man' wearing a top hat dancing in a circle with two children. Packaging for Mrs. Fisher's also features bright red and yellow striping along the edges. Originally, the brand carried the name \"Mr. and Mrs. Fisher's\"; but when Eugene Fisher later deserted his wife and daughter and the business, Ethel Fisher removed his name from the branding. The company, which still operates out of Rockford, was eventually sold by Ethel Fisher to truck driver Sylvester Hahn in 1949. Employee Anthony Marsili, and his brother Mario, purchased the business in 1962. Later, and for 29 years, the company was owned by Chuck, Pete and Paul DiVenti. The company is currently owned by Roma and Mark Hailman, former employees who bought the company in 2007. Since its inception Mrs. Fisher's has remained a locally run company. Mrs. Fisher's chips are sold in northern Illinois and southern Wisconsin. Currently Mrs. Fisher's produces several types of potato chips: regular, rippled, BBQ, BBQ rippled, French Onion, and dark chips. The dark chips are made from a different potato. Mrs. Fisher's chips, which in total is sold at the rate of about 600,000 pounds per year. The company also produces caramel corn, nuts and other items under separate label. Mrs. Fisher's Mrs. Fisher's, Inc., also known as Mrs. Fishers Potato Chips, is a regional manufacturer of potato chips founded in Rockford, Illinois. The company was begun in 1932 by Ethel Fisher and today is a recognized brand name of potato chips in parts of the Midwestern United States. According to the Mrs. Fisher's website, it was Eugene Fisher, Ethel (Feldt) Fisher's husband, who had the idea of producing potato chips. Eugene and Ethel cooked chips to earn extra money during The Depression. The logo for Mrs. Fisher's" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Lights Out (Virginia to Vegas song) \"Lights Out\" is a song recorded by American-born Canadian singer and songwriter Virginia to Vegas for his debut studio album, \"Utopian\" (2016). Vegas co-wrote the song (under his legal name Derik Baker) with Jamie Appleby, David Thomson, and Michael Wise, the latter of whom also produced the track. The song also samples the 1984 Rockwell hit \"Somebody's Watching Me\", earning Rockwell a co-writing credit. \"Lights Out\" was released September 2, 2016 as the fourth single from the album. \"Lights Out\" is a \"dark\" dance-pop song with electronica influences and a \"pulsing\" beat. The song's hook – \"I always feel like somebody's watching me\" – is sampled from Rockwell's 1984 single, \"Somebody's Watching Me\". \"We were trying to think of a dark sentiment and we used [the borrowed lyric] as a placeholder,\" Virginia to Vegas said to iHeartRadio about the sample. \"And the more we wrote the song around it, we realized that we really couldn't live without that line.\" Kerry Doole of FYI Music News wrote that the song is \"a pleasing combination of pulsing beats and Baker's gently affecting vocals.\" \"Lights Out\" debuted at number 94 on the \"Billboard\" Canadian Hot 100 chart dated October 29, 2016. It has so far reached a peak position of 40 on the chart dated January 21, 2017. The song entered the Canada CHR/Top 40 chart dated October 1, 2016 at number 38 and has reached a peak position of 10 as of the chart dated January 7, 2017. This makes \"Lights Out\" Virginia to Vegas's most successful single to date at contemporary hit radio, besting the number 11 peak of his debut single, \"We Are Stars\", in 2014. It debuted at number 50 on the Canada Hot AC chart dated October 22, 2016 and has since reached a peak position of 14 on the chart dated March 11, 2017. \"Lights Out\" debuted at number 32 on the Canada AC chart dated January 14, 2017 following the departure of Holiday-themed releases and has since peaked at number 14. As of November 2016, the single has surpassed 1,000,000 audio streams on Spotify. An accompanying music video was directed by AD Jennings and was uploaded to Virginia to Vegas's official YouTube channel on October 31, 2016. It made its official premiere on \"etalk\" on November 11, 2016. Virginia to Vegas appeared on the 2016 \"Breakfast Television\" Christmas Party program on December 16, 2016 in Toronto, ON and performed \"Lights Out\" at the event's close. Lights Out (Virginia to Vegas song) \"Lights Out\" is a song recorded by American-born Canadian singer and songwriter Virginia to Vegas for his debut studio album, \"Utopian\" (2016). Vegas co-wrote the song (under his legal name Derik Baker) with Jamie Appleby, David Thomson, and Michael Wise, the latter of whom also produced the track. The song also samples the 1984 Rockwell hit \"Somebody's Watching Me\", earning Rockwell a co-writing credit. \"Lights Out\" was released September 2, 2016 as the fourth single from the album. \"Lights" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "1975 North American Soccer League season Statistics of North American Soccer League in season 1975. This was the 8th season of the NASL. The league comprised 20 teams with the Tampa Bay Rowdies winning the championship. Pelé joined the New York Cosmos in 1975. 1975 was the first year the league used the term Soccer Bowl for their championship game. The 1975 season saw the removal of tie games. Matches that were level after 90 minutes would go to 15 minutes of sudden death overtime, and then onto penalty kicks if needed. It would not be until 2000 that a top-tier American soccer league would again allow matches to end in a draw. \"W = Wins, L = Losses, GF = Goals For, GA = Goals Against, PT= point system\" 6 points for a win, 1 point for a shootout win, 0 points for a loss, 1 point for each regulation goal scored up to three per game. \"(2 points per goal, 1 per assist)\" \"(1,260 minutes minimum)\" All playoff games in all rounds including Soccer Bowl '75 were single game elimination match ups. 1975 NASL Champions: Tampa Bay Rowdies 1975 North American Soccer League season Statistics of North American" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "HAL Ajeet The HAL Ajeet (, for \"Invincible\" or \"Unconquerable\") was a jet-powered fighter aircraft developed and manufactured by Indian aerospace manufacturer Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). It was operated by the Indian Air Force (IAF) between 1977 and 1991. The Ajeet is a derivative of the British Folland Gnat light fighter aircraft. The Gnat, which had been procured in large numbers for the IAF and produced under license by HAL, had acquitted itself favourably during its Indian service, including in active combat roles during multiple conflicts with the neighbouring nation of Pakistan, including the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. As such, the IAF had a positive attitude towards the type, despite observing shortcomings in maintainability and some subsystems, thus, during 1972, the service issued a requirement calling for the development of an upgraded and more capable variant of the Gnat, leading to the development of the Ajeet by HAL. In the design phase of the Ajeet, HAL redesigned several aspects of the aircraft while seeking to improve both the reliability and effectiveness of several subsystems, such as the avionics and hydraulic systems. The adoption of a wet wing expanded the fighter's internal fuel capacity and freed-up several underwing hardpoints for other purposes, effectively increasing both the range and payload capability of the aircraft. On 6 March 1975, the first of two Ajeet prototypes, producing via the conversion of the final two licence-produced Gnat fighters, conducted its maiden flight. The satisfactory performance of these prototypes contributed to the issuing of a production order for the Ajeet. On 30 September 1976, the first production aircraft performed its maiden flight. Introduced to service during the following year, the Ajeet had a relatively brief and unremarkable service life, equipping only a single IAF squadron and being withdrawn from service during 1991. During the 1950s, the government of India had came to an agreement with the United Kingdom to procure a large number of British Folland Gnat fighters, a light combat-capable jet-propelled aircraft, for the purpose of equipping the Indian Air Force (IAF). In addition to the acquisition of a number of British-built Gnats, the type was also manufactured under a licensing arrangement in India by aviation company Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). During its production run, in excess of 200 aircraft were constructed by HAL for the IAF; as much as 85 per cent of the airframe and 60 per cent of the engine were domestically produced. During 1958, the first Gnat fighter was accepted by the IAF into squadron service. During its service life with the IAF, the Gnat proved to be relatively successful when deployed for active combat missions. The type was used in both the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 and the follow-up Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 against the forces of the neighbouring nation of Pakistan. Operationally, it was used to conduct both low-level air superiority missions and to perform short range ground attack runs. Due to its effectiveness against Pakistani fighters, such the North American F-86 Sabre, the type was given the moniker of \"Sabre Slayer\". The Gnat was ultimately operated by the IAF for several decades up until its retirement during the 1980s. According to aviation author Pushpindar Chopra, the design of the Gnat had both positive and negative attributes; while being inexpensive to construct and to operate, several of the onboard systems had been allegedly prone to low levels of reliability, particularly the control system of the aircraft, while some aspects had proved to be difficult to maintain. The reliability issues had been a known contributing factor to several accidents which had resulted in the total loss of individual Gnats and the deaths of several pilots. Accordingly, while the Gnat had been determined to be effective as a combat aircraft, it was also viewed that there was room for improvement on the design of its subsystems. During 1972, the IAF therefore issued a formal requirement, calling for the development and production of an improved model of the Gnat. Although the original revision of the requirement had called for the type to be produced to function as an interceptor, it was subsequently modified to incorporate a secondary ground-attack role for the new model as well. According to a report by the Public Accounts Committee of the Indian Parliament, the IAF officials tasks with overseeing the programme lacked realistic concepts of what was involved in the development process nor firm ideas on what the aircraft was required for. In response to the issuing of the original requirement, HAL set about designing their revision of the Gnat. Their work was greatly aided by an earlier decision to, upon the liquidation of Folland Aircraft during the 1960s, India had acquired many former assets of the company; the residual rights for the type had been transferred to the IAF while other items, such as the jigs and test apparatus, moved to HAL. Early on, the fledgling aircraft design received the name \"Ajeet\", Sanskrit for \"Invincible\" or \"Unconquered\". As the design developed, differences between the Ajeet and the original model of the Gnat that had served as its starting point became considerable. During the development process, deliberate efforts were made to rectify the encountered shortcomings and troubles discovered within the design of the earlier Gnat. In support of the development programme, HAL decided to modify the final pair of Gnats on the production line to serve as prototypes for the Ajeet. On 6 March 1975, the first of these prototypes conducted its maiden flight while the second prototype following on 5 November that year. The flight testing phase of the programme reportedly validated the success of the re-designed aircraft, leading to a production order being placed for the Ajeet. On 30 September 1976, the first production aircraft performed its maiden flight. Despite this, as late as 1979, additional development tasks and changing requirements were being added onto the programme; these were attributed by defense analyst Amit Gupta as having caused the Ajeet's associated costs to substantially rise as well as having led to setbacks in the programme's manufacturing effort. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, HAL undertook work on a project intending to produce a training-oriented variant of the Ajeet. During 1982, this programme had progressed to the point where the initial flight of a prototype for evaluation purposes occurred. This sole aircraft was soon lost in a crash later that same year. The following year, a second prototype performed its maiden flight and was closely followed by a third. However, information on the Ajeet trainer programme was received with a lack of interest on the part of the Indian government. IAF Air Commodore Jasjit Singh observed that there was little need for a trainer version of the Ajeet as the original Gnat had already been developed into a training aircraft and therefore could have been acquired already if the IAF had the desire to do so. The twin factors of the anticipated imminent phaseout of the Ajeet fighter and pessimism over the project's value from officials heavily contributed to the trainer initiative being curtailed without any further examples being produced. The two surviving aircraft were dispatched to briefly serve with the IAF's No.2 Squadron, where they were used until the phaseout of the Ajeet was completed during 1991. The HAL Ajeet was a jet-propelled light fighter, primarily intended to function as a low-level interceptor aircraft, while also being capable of ground-attack missions. Being a derivative of the earlier Gnat, the aircraft appeared to be visually similar to its predecessor; the presence of a pair of extra underwing hardpoints being amongst the only obvious distinguishing features from the older Gnat. In general, the Ajeet", "imminent phaseout of the Ajeet fighter and pessimism over the project's value from officials heavily contributed to the trainer initiative being curtailed without any further examples being produced. The two surviving aircraft were dispatched to briefly serve with the IAF's No.2 Squadron, where they were used until the phaseout of the Ajeet was completed during 1991. The HAL Ajeet was a jet-propelled light fighter, primarily intended to function as a low-level interceptor aircraft, while also being capable of ground-attack missions. Being a derivative of the earlier Gnat, the aircraft appeared to be visually similar to its predecessor; the presence of a pair of extra underwing hardpoints being amongst the only obvious distinguishing features from the older Gnat. In general, the Ajeet was equipped with a variety of more capable avionics and onboard systems than the original design. However, the addition of these extra subsystems and features was not without consequence, as the Ajeet was less agile than the original Gnat. One of the more significant changes made for the Ajeet was the addition of a wet wing, housing aviation fuel in the interior space within the wing. This had several effects on the overall design, including the substantial expansion of its internal fuel capacity and the freeing up of several underwing hardpoints that had been previously occupied by external fuel tanks, allowing for their use in the carriage of other equipment and armaments. Furthermore, the carriage of even-greater payloads was also enabled via the installation of an additional pair of underwing hardpoints. Certain aspects of the aircraft were heavily redesigned from the Gnat, such as the much enhanced hydraulic systems, the improved landing gear arrangement, and refined control systems, to produce superior performed to their original counterparts. The control surfaces were enhanced via the adoption of a slab tail configuration, which was unique to the Ajeet. It was also decided to outfit the aircraft with improved Martin-Baker GF4 ejection seats for improved survivability. During 1977, the HAL Ajeet was accepted into operational service with the IAF. However, only one squadron of the IAF ultimately operated the type, this being No.2 Squadron. According to political author Chris Smith, the lack of enthusiasm on the part of the IAF for the Ajeet was down to a change in attitudes; the service had allegedly become increasingly opposed to the use of single-engine aircraft while a preference for fighters capable of supersonic speeds had also grown, as such, the Ajeet contrasted poorly with these new priorities. However, according to military author Chris Smith, the Ajeet benefitted both from the positive combat reputation garnered by the Gnat, as well as for its relatively low radar cross-section (RCS). Having fallen out of political favour, less than a hundred Ajeets were ultimately procured and the whole programme was effectively terminated barely a decade following its initiation. Of those aircraft built, they had relatively short and uneventful careers, and were retired from IAF service during 1991. The Ajeet was never deployed in combat operations. Survivors are listed at List of surviving Folland Gnats. HAL Ajeet The HAL Ajeet (, for \"Invincible\" or \"Unconquerable\") was a jet-powered fighter aircraft developed and manufactured by Indian aerospace manufacturer Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). It was operated by the Indian Air Force (IAF) between 1977 and 1991. The Ajeet is" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "LeRoy Smith LeRoy Smith (born August 3, 1937) is a former American football coach. Coaching in four decades, his lifetime record was 106–77–7. Smith's first head coaching position was at Mississippi Valley State University in Itta Bena, Mississippi, where he coached the 1958 season. He was the third head coach for the Delta Devils and produced a record of 2–5–1. Smith waited six years to become a head coach again. He was named the tenth head football coach at Tuskegee University in Tuskegee, Alabama, and he held that position for six seasons, from 1964 until 1969. His coaching record at Tuskegee was 42–13–3. After his success at Tuskegee, Smith was the 16th head football coach at Kentucky State University in Frankfort, Kentucky, and he held that position for 12 seasons, from 1970 until 1981. His coaching record at Kentucky State was 62–59–3. The school's media guide lists a slightly different result, having him coach for 12½ seasons, from 1970 to midway through the 1982 season, with a record at Kentucky State of 65–62–3. LeRoy Smith LeRoy Smith (born August 3, 1937) is a former American football coach. Coaching in four decades, his lifetime record was 106–77–7. Smith's first head coaching" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Green-headed hillstar The green-headed hillstar (\"Oreotrochilus estella stolzmanni\") is a species or subspecies of hummingbird found in the Andes in far southern Ecuador and northern and central Peru in alpine grassland and scrub at altitudes of . It is traditionally considered a subspecies of the Andean hillstar, \"Oreotrochilus estella\", but it is increasingly treated as a separate species based on differences in genetics and plumage. It is more closely related to the blue-throated hillstar and black-breasted hillstar than the Andean hillstar. Females of these are very similar, but the males are easily separated. The male blue-throated hillstar has a blue throat and the male black-breasted hillstar has almost entirely black underparts. Compared to the Andean hillstar, the male green-headed hillstar has a brighter green head and a black (not brown) line to the central underparts. The binomial name commemorates Polish ornithologist Jan Sztolcman (Jean Stanislaus Stolzmann). Green-headed hillstar The green-headed hillstar (\"Oreotrochilus estella stolzmanni\") is a species or subspecies of hummingbird found in the Andes in far southern Ecuador and northern and central Peru in alpine grassland and scrub at altitudes of . It is traditionally considered a subspecies of the Andean hillstar, \"Oreotrochilus estella\", but it is increasingly treated" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "John Ridsdel John Bramwell Ridsdel (9 September 1947 – 25 April 2016) was an English-born Canadian businessman from Calgary, Alberta; kidnapped by Abu Sayyaf militants in the Philippines on 21 September 2015, and beheaded on 25 April 2016. He was 68 years old. Ridsdel's family originated from Britain. His mother was a Scottish-born nurse and his father a London-based physician. After moving to Durban, South Africa, and Saskatchewan, Canada, the Ridsdel family returned to Great Britain for a while, before again settling in Canada, first in Vancouver and finally in Calgary. Ridsdel attended Upper Canada College in Toronto, Ontario, in the mid-1960s, then later graduated with a bachelor's degree in political science from the University of Toronto and a master's degree in political sociology from the London School of Economics. He initially worked as a producer and reporter at CBC Calgary and at the \"Calgary Herald\", before he joined Petro-Canada in Alberta, a company he represented in Pakistan, Myanmar and Algeria. At the time of the kidnapping, he was working for the mining company TVI Resource Development Philippines Inc., a subsidiary of Canada's TVI Pacific, where he was also a consultant. He was kidnapped by Abu Sayyaf militants in the Philippines on 21 September 2015, in a raid on Holiday Ocean View Samal Resort, on Samal Island in the southern Philippines. After the gunmen disarmed the resort's security guards, they abducted four people from the resort, the Canadians John Ridsdel and Robert Hall, the resort's Norwegian marina manager Kjartan Sekkingstad, and a Filipino woman, Teresita Flor. The kidnappers later issued demands for a hefty ransom to be paid for the release of the hostages, reportedly 300 million pesos (around $6.5 million) for each of the three foreigners seized. As the deadline lapsed on 25 April 2016, they apparently beheaded Ridsdel. Ridsdel's head was found in a plastic bag in Jolo. A headless body, possibly Ridsdel's, was later found by villagers by a creek bed near Talipao. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police launched an international murder investigation. Canadian Member of Parliament Bob Rae, a close friend of Ridsdel, said, \"The numbers being bandied about were in the millions and millions of dollars and none of the families involved had that kind of cash.\" Canadian newspaper \"Toronto Star\" published (from 30 November – 7 December 2016) \"Held Hostage\", an eight-part investigation into what really happens when a Canadian is taken hostage abroad. \"The Star\" revealed \"\"a system ripe for overhaul\"\", and ways Canada could change its approach, so it may be more effectively prepared in future. John Ridsdel John Bramwell Ridsdel (9 September 1947 – 25 April 2016) was an English-born Canadian businessman from Calgary, Alberta; kidnapped by Abu Sayyaf militants in the Philippines on 21 September 2015, and beheaded on 25 April 2016. He was 68 years old. Ridsdel's family originated from Britain. His mother was a Scottish-born nurse and his father a London-based physician. After moving to Durban, South Africa, and Saskatchewan, Canada, the Ridsdel family returned to Great Britain" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Executive Council of Basel-Stadt The Executive Council () is the executive of the Swiss canton of Basel-Stadt. The seven-member collegial body is elected by the people for a period of four years. The last election was held in October/November 2016. The presidency is directly elected by the people. The president of the Executive Council also serves as mayor for the city of Basel. As of 2012, the Executive Council was composed as follows: In the first round of voting on the 23 October 2016, following candidates were elected: In the second round of voting on the 27 November 2016, following candidates were elected: As new president of the Executive Council and mayor of the city of Basel was elected: From the two main alliances two out of nine candidates failed to get elected: The campaign was a hard fought one, mainly because of the vacancy arising from the decision of Guy Morin not to stand in the 2016 election. This opened the up the opportunity for the centre-right alliance consisting of the Liberal Democratic Party, the Free Democratic Party, the Swiss People's Party and the Christian Democratic People's Party to gain a majority in the Executive for the first time since 2004. They nominated four candidates for a joint ticket. The centre-left also formed an alliance to defend their majority in the Executive Council and nominated a joint ticket consisting of five candidates. Executive Council of Basel-Stadt The Executive Council () is the executive of the Swiss canton of Basel-Stadt. The seven-member collegial body is elected by the people for a period of four years. The last election was held in October/November 2016. The presidency is directly elected by the people. The president of the Executive Council also serves as mayor for the city of Basel. As of 2012, the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "St John of God Berwick Hospital St John of God Berwick Hospital is a 156-bed hospital, including 12 beds in the Day Oncology Centre, which provides health care to Melbourne’s south east and regional eastern Victoria. Originally known as Berwick Hospital, the facility was taken over by St John of God Health Care in 2003. The original hospital was established in 1939 as Berwick Bush Nursing Hospital. St John of God Berwick Hospital is a division of St John of God Health Care, a leading Catholic not-for-profit health care group, serving communities with hospitals, home nursing, and social outreach services throughout Australia, New Zealand and the wider Asia-Pacific region. Construction of the new St John of God Berwick Hospital facility started in January 2016 and opened on 18 January 2018. The new hospital provides 156 beds, including 12 beds in the Day Oncology Centre, , eight operating theatres, two procedure rooms, a cardiovascular interventional laboratory, six birth suites and the first intensive care and cardiac care unit for the region. The old 82-bed hospital on Gibb Street, Berwick is now closed. The services provided by St John of God Berwick hospital include: In 2010, St John of God Health Care launched Health Choices in Berwick. The service provides home-based nursing care in Victoria’s Casey/Cardinia region. St John of God Raphael Services provides perinatal infant mental health care and research in Berwick. Staffed by mental health clinicians, Raphael Services provide free support for parents and families affected by anxiety, depression and other mental health difficulties during pregnancy and in the postnatal period. They services also provide counselling and support for parents undergoing prenatal testing or who have experienced pregnancy loss. St John of God Berwick Hospital St John of God Berwick Hospital is a 156-bed hospital, including 12 beds in the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Tupan Patera Tupan Patera is an active volcano on Jupiter's moon Io. It is located on Io's anti-Jupiter hemisphere at . Tupan consists of a volcanic crater, known as a \"patera,\" 79 kilometers across and 900 meters deep. The volcano was first seen in low-resolution observations by the two \"Voyager\" spacecraft in 1979, but volcanic activity was not seen at this volcano until June 1996 during the \"Galileo\" spacecraft's first orbit. Following this first detection of near-infrared thermal emission and subsequent detections by Galileo during the next few orbits, this volcano was formally named Tupan Patera, after the thunder god of the Tupí-Guaraní indigenous peoples in Brazil, by the International Astronomical Union in 1997. Additional observations by Galileo's Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) between 1996 and 2001 revealed Tupan to be a persistently active volcano, visible during most NIMS observations of Io's anti-Jupiter hemisphere. Galileo acquired high-resolution color images and near-infrared spectra of Tupan Patera during an encounter on October 16, 2001. This data revealed warm, dark silicate lava on the eastern and western sides of the patera floor with an \"island\" of bright, cool material in the middle. Reddish material was observed along the margins of the bright island as well as on the bright plains to the southeast of the volcano. This is indicative of short-chain sulfur being emitted from vents on the patera floor by recent volcanic activity. The island as well as a shelf of material at the base of the patera wall is outlined by a \"strand\" of dark material. This strand line may result from lava filling the patera floor, then deflating due to either degassing of the cooling lava or drainage back into the magma chamber. Alternatively, the strand line may have been created from limited volcanic activity along the edge of the patera floor. The mix of red-orange and dark material on the volcano's western side possibly resulted from sulfur melting from the central island and the patera wall and covering the dark material in this area. This theory is supported by the cooler temperatures seen on the western side of Tupan, cool enough perhaps to support the melting and solidification of sulfur, compared to the much darker eastern side. The morphology of Tupan Patera may also be consistent with a sill that is still exhuming itself. After the last \"Galileo\" flyby of Io in January 2002, Tupan remained active with observations of a thermal emission from the volcano by ground-based observers using the Keck Telescope and by the \"New Horizons\" spacecraft. A large eruption at Tupan was observed by astronomers using the 10-meter adaptive optics at the Keck Observatory on March 8, 2003. Other than this major eruption, activity at Tupan through the \"Galileo\" mission and afterward has been persistent, with variations in power output from the patera floor being episodic, similar to, but at lower energy levels, Loki Patera. Tupan Patera Tupan Patera is an active volcano on Jupiter's moon Io. It is located on Io's anti-Jupiter hemisphere at . Tupan" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Nicholas Lear Nicholas Lear (1826 – July 4, 1902) was a Quartermaster in the Union Navy and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the American Civil War. Lear enlisted for a three-year term in the US Navy in August 1862, and was assigned to the Union ironclad . The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Coxswain Joseph White, United States Navy, for extraordinary heroism in action while serving on board the U.S.S. New Ironsides during action in several attacks on Fort Fisher, North Carolina, 24 and 25 December 1864; and 13,14, and 15 January 1865. The ship steamed in and took the lead in the ironclad division close inshore and immediately opened its starboard battery in a barrage of well-directed fire to cause several fires and explosions and dismount several guns during the first two days of fighting. Taken under fire as she steamed into position on 13 January, the New Ironsides fought all day and took on ammunition at night despite severe weather conditions. When the enemy came out of his bombproofs to defend the fort against the storming party, the ships battery disabled nearly every gun on the fort facing the shore before the ceasefire order was given by the flagship. General Orders: War Department, General Orders No. 59 (June 22, 1865) Action Date: December 24–25, 1864 & January 13–15, 1865 Service: Navy Rank: Quartermaster Division: U.S.S. New Ironsides Nicholas Lear Nicholas Lear (1826 – July 4, 1902) was a Quartermaster in the Union Navy and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the American Civil War. Lear enlisted for a three-year term in the US Navy in August 1862, and was assigned to the Union ironclad ." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Tusker Project Fame Tusker Project Fame is an East African reality-singing competition show sponsored by Tusker Lager. The show is similar to American Idol and Project Fame South Africa, musicians compete to win cash and a one-year record deal with Universal Music Group South Africa. Tusker Project Fame has aired 5 seasons. To be eligible to participate, one must be at least 21 years of age and must be able to sing and perform or sing and play and instrument. Past Tusker Project Fame winners have criticized the show organizers for not living up to their promises, stating that the Tusker Company makes a huge profit, but fails to support its winners in after the season is over. 2nd patricia Tusker Project Fame Tusker Project Fame is an East African reality-singing competition show sponsored by Tusker Lager. The show is similar to American Idol and Project Fame South Africa, musicians compete to win cash and a one-year record deal with Universal Music Group South Africa. Tusker Project Fame has aired 5 seasons. To be eligible to participate, one must be at least 21 years of age and must be able to sing and perform or sing and play and instrument." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "William Alington (architect) William Hildebrand Alington (born 18 November 1929) is a New Zealand modernist architect, whose work has been awarded nationally, and recognised internationally. He was the husband of New Zealand historian Margaret Alington. Alington was born in Lower Hutt in 1929. He attended Waiwhetu School, and later Hutt Valley High School, where he was taught by James Coe. Alington began his career as an architectural cadet in the New Zealand Ministry of Works (MoW) in 1949, before studying architecture at the Auckland University College School of Architecture (Auckland, New Zealand) from 1951 to 1955. Early influences of this time include Gordon Wilson, who was the Government Architect at the time, MoW cadet supervisor James (Jim) Beard, who was to become something of a mentor to Alington during the early part of his career, and Professor Richard Toy of Auckland University College School of Architecture. Upon returning to the MoW after his graduation, Alington was assigned to the Hydro-Electricity department where he worked for a short, but influential, time under Chris Valenduuk. Here Alington was responsible for designing the Bulls Water Tower (1956), and the Power House and Control Building for the Waipapa Dam (1956). In 1955 Alington married Margaret Hilda Broadhead. They have three children. In 1956 Alington left New Zealand, travelling to London, Europe; and on a Fulbright Travelling Scholarship, to Illinois in the United States. During 1956-1957 he worked in the London office of Robert Matthew and Johnson-Marshall on, among other projects, New Zealand House (London, England), and Ruddington Secondary Modern School (Nottingham, England). During this time he and his wife Margaret embarked on a tour of western Europe, fulfilling his desire to see firsthand the large medieval cathedrals, as well as key works of Modernist architecture including Le Corbusier’s Ronchamp Chapel and Unité d’Habitation in Marseille. From 1957 to 1959 Alington completed a MArch degree at the University of Illinois’ School of Architecture at Urbana, in the United States, during which time he had occasion to meet with Mies van der Rohe. While in the United States Alington took the opportunity to visit buildings by Frank Lloyd Wright and Mies van der Rohe. On his return to New Zealand Alington resumed work as an architect with the MoW, with notable buildings of this time including the Gisborne Courthouse (Gisborne, 1962), and the Meteorological Office (Wellington, 1965). Alington also designed his own house (Alington House, Wellington, 1962); an important building in his oeuvre, revealing the strong influences of both Mies van der Rohe, and Alington’s former cadet supervisor at the MoW, James Albert Beard. The Alington house was awarded an NZIA Wellington Branch Enduring Architecture award in 2002, and an NZIA (National) Enduring Architecture award in 2007. It was also listed as a Category 1 Protected Building on the New Zealand Historic Places Trust register in 2007. In 1965, Alington moved into private practice, accepting a partnership offered by Allot Gabites and James Beard in their architectural practice of Gabites and Beard. This partnership merged with Toomath and Wilson in 1971, becoming Gabites Toomath Beard Wilson and Partners. Although this ‘super-practice’ was to win the only two NZIA national medals awarded in 1972 (Alington for the Upper Hutt Civic Centre, and Toomath for the Karori Teachers’ College), the firm proved to be short-lived, and in that same year splintered under the weight of too many personalities. William Toomath and Derek Wilson took on new partners, becoming Toomath Wilson Irvine Anderson (TWIA), while Beard formed his own practice under the name of James Beard & Co. Alington remained with Al Gabites, and together with Derrick Edmondson formed Gabites Alington Edmonson. In 1978, George Porter joined the practice as a partner, prompting yet another name change to Gabites Porter and Partners. In 1983, Alington set up his own architectural practice: Alington Group Architects. He retired from professional practice in 2000. Much of Alington’s work during the 1970s has taken the form of institutional projects including work for civic councils, and educational institutions such as schools and universities. Some examples of these are: Alington has also carried out a large number of church projects, including: Stokes Valley Methodist Church (Stokes Valley, 1966), St Michael’s Anglican Church Extension (Wellington, 1971), St Peter’s Anglican Church Alterations (Wellington, 1978), St Mary’s Anglican Church Extension 1988 (New Plymouth), Karori Baptist Church (Wellington, 1990), St Mary’s Anglican Church Extension (Wellington, 1993). He was a Wellington Anglican Diocesan Synods Person 1972-1990. In 1972, Alington was appointed honorary lecturer and tutor at Victoria University of Wellington’s School of Architecture & Design, lecturing in architectural history. He also taught at the University of Auckland as a visiting lecturer in 1982. Other professional posts held include: NZIA branch committee executive member (1961–1969), NZIA journal assistant editor (1964–1969), NZIA councillor, vice president, branch chairman (1977–1979), and Architectural Centre president (1970–1972). William Alington (architect) William Hildebrand Alington (born 18 November 1929) is a New Zealand modernist architect, whose work has been awarded nationally, and recognised internationally. He was the husband of New Zealand historian Margaret Alington. Alington was born in Lower Hutt in 1929. He attended Waiwhetu School, and later Hutt Valley High School, where he was taught by James Coe. Alington began his career as an architectural cadet in the New Zealand Ministry of Works (MoW) in 1949, before studying architecture at the Auckland University College School of Architecture (Auckland, New Zealand) from 1951 to 1955. Early influences of" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Oman–United Arab Emirates relations Oman – United Arab Emirates relations are the relations between the United Arab Emirates and Oman. The U.A.E. has an embassy in Muscat while Oman maintains an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai. Both countries are part of the Middle East region and share close cultural ties. Oman and the U.A.E. also share very large borders with each other, including two exclaves of Oman accessible on land only through the U.A.E, and also seem to border the Gulf of Oman. The United Arab Emirates reportedly operates a large spy network in Oman, which the Omani government was able to detect in November-December 2010. Suspected UAE agents are said to have spied on the Omani government and the military. Government sources in Amman said a number of Omani citizens were also arrested. Spies may be interested in the succession of Sultan Qaboos al-Sultan. There are also views that the spy network has focused on revealing the true value and meaning of the relations between the Sultanate of Oman and Iran. Oman enjoys very friendly relations with Iran, while Arab countries have taken a tough and hostile stance against its Persian neighbor. UAE denies any connection to the network. Relations between the two countries have become strained since then. Oman's Sultan did not participate personally in the GCC summit in Abu Dhabi while other heads of state did as they usually do. The process of reconciliation began due to the strong efforts exerted by the Emir of Kuwait and relations between the Sultanate of Oman and the United Arab Emirates have since stabilized. Oman–United Arab Emirates relations Oman – United Arab Emirates relations are the relations between the United Arab Emirates and Oman. The U.A.E. has an embassy in Muscat while Oman maintains an embassy" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Hydnellum aurantiacum Hydnellum aurantiacum is an inedible fungus, commonly known as the orange spine or orange Hydnellum for its reddish orange or rusty red colored fruit bodies. Like other tooth fungi, it bears a layer of spines rather than gills on the underside of the cap. Due to substantial declines in sightings, this species is listed as critically endangered in the United Kingdom. \"Hydnellum aurantiacum\" was first described by the German naturalist August Batsch in 1789, with the name \"Hydnum suberosum\" var. \"aurantiacum\". It was given its current scientific name by Petter Karsten, who transferred it to \"Hydnellum\" in 1879. \"Hydnellum aurantiacum\" has acquired several synonyms in its taxonomic history, including \"Hydnum stohlii\", published by Gottlob Ludwig Rabenhorst in 1873, and \"Hydnellum complectipes\", published by Hall in 1972. Additional synonyms resulting from generic transfers include \"Hydnum aurantiacum\" (Johannes Baptista von Albertini and Lewis David de Schweinitz, 1825); \"Calodon aurantiacus\" (Karsten, 1881); and \"Phaeodon aurantiacus\" (Joseph Schröter, 1888). The specific epithet \"aurantiacum\" is derived from the Latin for \"orange\". Common names for the fungus include \"orange spine\", \"orange corky spine fungus\", and the British Mycological Society approved English name \"orange Hydnellum\". Fruitbodies are shallowly funnel-shaped (infundibuliform), and up to 15 cm in diameter. The upper surface is orange or orange-brown in the centre, with a lighter margin. It may be velvety or tomentose when young, but will become wrinkled or lumpy in age. The flesh is tough and woody, pale to dark orange-brown in color, without any distinctive odor but a bitter or mealy taste. The teeth are short (up to 5 mm long), white, but the tips gradually turn brown with age. The stipe is up to 4 cm long and 0.5–2 cm thick, orange to dark brown in color, with a velvety surface. The spore print is brown. This species is inedible, due to the toughness of the flesh. Basidia (the spore-bearing cells) are between 35–46 by 8–11 µm, club-shaped (clavate), without clamp connections, and four-spored. The sterigmata (extensions of the basidia bearing spores) may be up to 6 µm long. Basidiospores are roughly spherical in shape, with rough warty outgrowths (tubercles), nonamyloid, and have dimensions of 5.5–8 by 5.5–6.5 µm. The orange Hydnellum resembles the polypore \"Phaeolus schweinitzii\" when viewed from the top of the cap surface, but it has teeth instead of pores on the hymenium. Closely related and morphologically similar species in the genus \"Hydnellum\" include \"H. congenum\" (has thin flesh in the cap), \"H. ferrugipes\" and \"H. earlianum\" (has a smoother cap, and spines have sulfur-yellow tips, not white). This species is typically found growing solitary or in clusters on the ground in conifer and mixed woods. Rarely, fruit bodies may have their stipes fused together. \"Hydnellum aurantiacum\" has been reported from Australia, Europe, North America, and Asia, including China India, and Korea. It is one of the most frequently encountered Thelephorales species found in the Sverdlovsk region of Russia. The pigment responsible for the characteristic orange color of \"H. aurantiacum\" has been identified as the \"p\"-terphenyl compound named aurantiacin. This dark red pigment, a derivative of the compound atromentin, has subsequently been identified in other species of \"Hydnellum\". The compounds dihydroaurantiacin dibenzoate and thelephoric acid have also been reported. \"Hydnellum aurantiacum\" is used in mushroom dyeing, in which it produces grayish to greenish-gray colors depending on the mordant used. Hydnellum aurantiacum Hydnellum aurantiacum is an inedible fungus, commonly known as the orange spine or orange Hydnellum for its reddish orange or rusty red colored fruit bodies. Like other tooth fungi, it bears a layer of spines rather than gills on the underside of the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Pemmo of Friuli Pemmo (or Penno) was the Duke of Friuli for twenty-six years, from about 705 to his death. He was the son of Billo of Belluno. Pemmo came to the duchy at a time when a recent civil war had ravaged the land. Pemmo raised all the children of the many nobles killed in the war in his own household next to his own sons. He also waged three wars with the Slavs of Carinthia. He defeated them so utterly the third time, that they entered into a peace treaty. Pemmo also quarrelled with Callistus, Patriarch of Aquileia. The patriarch was at odds with the bishop of Cividale and removed him. Pemmo, in response, arrested the patriarch. For this, King Liutprand descended on Friuli and appointed Ratchis, Pemmo's son, in his place. Pemmo fled with his followers, but his son secured his pardon. Pemmo left two other sons by Ratperga: Ratchait and Aistulf, who became king. Pemmo of Friuli Pemmo (or Penno) was the Duke of Friuli for twenty-six years, from about 705 to his death. He was the son of Billo of Belluno. Pemmo came to the duchy at a time when a recent civil war had" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Ankum Heights The Ankum Heights (), also called the Fürstenau Hills (\"Fürstenauer Berge\"), are a ridge of hills up to 140 m high in the western part of the state of Lower Saxony on the North German Plain. The densely forested Ankum Heights, which are about long and only a few kilometres wide, lies roughly north-northwest of the city of Osnabrück on the boundary of the districts of Emsland and Osnabrück between Herzlake to the northwest and Bramsche to the southeast, Fürstenau in the southwest and Bersenbrück in the northeast. The southeastern foothills of the ridge, which form the northwestern part of the North Teutoburg Forest-Wiehen Hills Nature Park reach almost as far as the Alfsee lake. East of the Ankum Heights are the Damme Hills, to the southeast are the west-northwestern outliers of the Wiehen Hills, to the south is Tecklenburg Land and the northwestern outliers of the Teutoburg Forest, to the west the Lingen Heights and the Emsland, in the northwest the Hümmling and to the north the Oldenburg Münsterland. The Ankum Heights are part of a series of ice age end moraines from the early part of the Saale glaciation, the so-called \"Drenthe I\" stage. The Lingen Heights, the Damme Hills, the Kellenberg and the Brelinger Berg also belong to this push moraine, also called the \"Rehburg Phase\", which can be dated to about 230,000 years ago. The Rehburg Hills by the lake of the Steinhuder Meer, are not, however, part of the moraine. Together with their almost symmetrical counterpart, the Damme Hills, the Ankum Heights display the most marked glacial lobes of this push moraine. It filled the lowland bay of the Artland. Several tumuli indicate that the Ankum Heights were already occupied in prehistoric times. The Ankum Heights may be reached from the B 68 federal road, which passes the ridge to the east, the B 218, which runs along the southwestern edge of the feature, the 214, which crosses it from west to east, and the B 402, which runs west of the Ankum Heights. A number of local \" Landesstraßen\" and \"Kreisstraßen\" roads branch off the B roads and lead to the ridge. The highest elevations in the Ankum Heights are the Trillenberg, which is high and is located in the southeastern part, and the Queckenberg, which has a northwestern summit and a southeastern peak and lies in the centre of the range. The rivers and streams in and near the Ankum Heights include the: Ankum Heights The Ankum Heights (), also called the Fürstenau Hills (\"Fürstenauer Berge\"), are a ridge of hills up to 140 m high in the western part of the state of Lower Saxony on the North German Plain. The densely forested Ankum Heights, which are about long and only a few kilometres wide, lies roughly north-northwest of the city of Osnabrück on the boundary of the districts of Emsland and Osnabrück between Herzlake to the northwest and Bramsche to the southeast, Fürstenau in the southwest and Bersenbrück in" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Klaus Holighaus Klaus Holighaus (14 July 1940 – 9 August 1994) was a glider designer, glider pilot and entrepreneur. Klaus Holighaus was born in Eibelshausen, Germany. He started his career in gliding when he was an engineering student at the University of Darmstadt, where he was a member of its Akaflieg. Fellow students Gerhard Waibel and Wolf Lemke had already developed the D-36 glider and he contributed to its refinement. He joined Schempp-Hirth as an employee in 1965. He became Chief Executive in 1972 and from 1977 Holighaus was the sole owner of the business. He designed most of the company's products, beginning with the Cirrus until the Nimbus-4. Holighaus flew in every German National Championship from 1968, winning six times in the Open Class. He became European Champion three times and finished in the top rankings of the nine World Championships in which he competed. He held 16 World Records in various categories. Holighaus was killed in the area of St. Gotthard when flying in the Alps from Samedan, Switzerland. The wreckage was not discovered for two days. The cause of the accident is not clear, but a possible factor was the deteriorating weather on the day and he may have unsuccessfully tried to cross a mountain pass. He had logged 8,168 hours in gliders. He married Brigitte. His son, Tilo, continues the Schempp-Hirth business. After his death in Kirchheim unter Teck a road was named Klaus-Holighaus-Straße. Klaus Holighaus biography, Schempp-Hirth website Retrieved: 15 March 2008 Klaus Holighaus Klaus Holighaus (14 July 1940 – 9 August 1994) was a glider designer, glider pilot and entrepreneur. Klaus Holighaus was born in Eibelshausen, Germany. He started his career in gliding when he was an engineering student at the University of Darmstadt, where he was a member of its Akaflieg. Fellow students" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "1992–93 Chicago Bulls season The 1992–93 NBA season was the Bulls' 27th season in the National Basketball Association. The Bulls entered the season as the back-to-back defending NBA champions, having defeated the Portland Trail Blazers in the 1992 NBA Finals in six games, winning their second NBA championship. After two straight championships, the Bulls would yet again have another successful season finishing in first place in the Central Division, and second overall in the Eastern Conference with a 57–25 record. They also advanced to the Eastern Conference Finals for the fifth consecutive season, becoming the first team since the 1987–88 Boston Celtics to do so. Michael Jordan once again led the league in scoring with 32.6 points per game, and was selected for the 1993 NBA All-Star Game along with Scottie Pippen. In the first round of the playoffs, the Bulls swept the Atlanta Hawks in three straight games. In the semifinals, they swept the Cleveland Cavaliers in four straight games. Then after losing the first two games of the Eastern Conference Finals to the top-seeded New York Knicks, the Bulls would win the next four games of the series. Then they would then go on to win their third consecutive NBA championship, defeating regular season MVP Charles Barkley and the Phoenix Suns in six games in the 1993 NBA Finals. This was the last title the Bulls won while playing at Chicago Stadium. Chicago's offseason was also marked by Jordan's sudden retirement. (2) Chicago Bulls vs. (7) Atlanta Hawks: \"Bulls win series 3-0\" Last Playoff Meeting: 1970 Western Division Semifinals (Atlanta won 4-1) (2) Chicago Bulls vs. (3) Cleveland Cavaliers: \"Bulls win series 4-0\" Last Playoff Meeting: 1992 Eastern Conference Finals (Chicago won 4-2) (1) New York Knicks vs. (2) Chicago Bulls: \"Bulls win series 4-2 (after trailing 2-0 to Knicks)\" Last Playoff Meeting: 1992 Eastern Conference Semifinals (Chicago won 4-3) The 1993 NBA Finals was the championship round of the 1992–93 NBA season, featuring the Chicago Bulls, led by Michael Jordan, and the Phoenix Suns, winners of 62 games and led by regular season MVP Charles Barkley. The Bulls became the first team since the legendary Boston Celtics of the 1960s to win three consecutive championship titles, clinching the \"three-peat\" with John Paxson's game-winning 3-pointer that gave them a 99–98 victory in Game 6. This series was also notable in that the road team won each game, with the exception of Chicago in game 4. (W1) Phoenix Suns vs. (E2) Chicago Bulls: \"Bulls win series 4–2\" Head Coach:Phil Jackson <br> Michael Jordan \| Scottie Pippen \| Horace Grant \| B.J. Armstrong \| Scott Williams \| Bill Cartwright \| Stacey King \| Trent Tucker \| John Paxson \| Will Perdue \| Rodney McCray \| Ricky Blanton \| Darrell Walker \| Corey Williams \| Jo Jo English \| Head Coach:Paul Westphal <br> Charles Barkley \| Dan Majerle \| Kevin Johnson \| Tom Chambers \| Danny Ainge \| Richard Dumas \| Negele Knight \| Oliver Miller \| Mark West \| Jerrod Mustaf \| Frank Johnson \| Tim Kempton \| \"Bulls win series 4-2\" 1992–93 Chicago Bulls season The 1992–93 NBA season was the Bulls' 27th season in the National Basketball Association. The Bulls entered the season as the back-to-back defending NBA champions, having defeated the Portland Trail Blazers in the 1992 NBA Finals in six games, winning their second NBA championship. After two straight championships, the Bulls would yet again have another successful season finishing in first place in the Central Division, and second overall in the Eastern Conference with a 57–25 record. They also advanced to the Eastern Conference Finals" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Andrea Leers Andrea Leers is an American architect and educator. Together with Jane Weinzapfel, Leers created the Boston-based architecture firm Leers Weinzapfel Associates which was the first woman-owned firm to win the American Institute of Architects Architecture Firm Award in 2007. In 1991, she was elected to the American Institute of Architects College of Fellows. Leers is former Director of the Master in Urban Design Program at the Harvard Graduate School of Design where she was Adjunct Professor of Architecture and Urban Design from 2001 to 2011. Her academic career includes teaching positions at Yale University's School of Architecture (1981-1988), the University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Fine Arts (1990, 1998-1999), the Tokyo Institute of Technology (1991) and the University of Virginia School of Architecture (1995). In 1982 she spent a year in Japan as a NEA/ Japan U.S. Friendship Commission Design Arts Fellow. Leers was a Visiting Artist at the American Academy of Rome (1997), invoted to be Chaire des Ameriques at the Sorbonne (Universite de Paris) (2007), and was Chair Professor at the National Chiao Tung University (2011-2014). Leers was born in Miami, Florida and raised in Springfield and Longmeadow, Massachusetts. She holds an undergraduate degree in art history from Wellesley College and a Master of Architecture from the University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Fine Arts during the tenure of Louis I. Kahn. After an apprenticeship period in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Leers founded a practice in 1970 with former husband Hugh Browning, and when they divorced in 1978 she led the firm until 1982. In 1982 she and Jane Weinzapfel established Leers Weinzapfel Associates in Boston, Massachusetts. Andrea Leers Andrea Leers is an American architect and educator. Together with Jane Weinzapfel, Leers created the Boston-based architecture firm Leers Weinzapfel Associates which was the first woman-owned firm to win" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Knock Iveagh Knock Iveagh is a hill in the vicinity of Rathfriland, County Down, Northern Ireland. A cairn – a large stone mound covered by earth, used as an ancient burial chamber – is situated on the hill. The cairn is thought to date from around 4000BC. It is one of 1,900 scheduled monuments protected by legislation, specifically the Historic Monuments and Archaeological Objects (NI) Order 1995, which makes it an offence to carry out changes to without consent. The hill is the acknowledged ancestral seat of the Magennis chiefs and the Viscounts of Iveagh. Leaders were believed to have been inaugurated on its summit. The hill sits in the context of a ritual landscape, including other sites and artefacts of importance to the Magennis. These include: Gavin Hughes of the Centre for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, Trinity College Dublin, has said of the hill and its place within the wider ritual landscape of the area: \"Knock Iveagh appears to be a dominating feature in an exciting amphitheatre of multi-period archaeology which deserves proper and further detailed research. Indeed, such a complex historical continuity in the landscape is very rare – and this could be unique.\" There is thought to have been little archaeological excavation or surveying work carried out on the hill, save for the work Pat Collins of the Northern Ireland Archaeological Survey in 1957. Eamonn Kelly, former Keeper of Antiquities at the National Museum of Ireland has called for further surveying to be carried out prior to any potential development in the vicinity of the hill, \"given the strong probability that there is additional and possible extensive archaeology present relating to the ritual use of the hill (and possibly with booleying activities)\". Knock Iveagh featured on Joe Mahon's \"Lesser Spotted Ulster\" series (Annaclone episode) on UTV in 2014. Preliminary archaeological work carried out in 2018 has suggested that there may be a link between the hill and St Patrick. Knock Iveagh Knock Iveagh is a hill in the vicinity of Rathfriland, County Down, Northern Ireland. A cairn – a large stone mound covered by earth, used as an ancient burial chamber – is situated on the hill. The cairn is thought to date from around 4000BC. It is one of 1,900 scheduled monuments protected by legislation, specifically the Historic Monuments and Archaeological Objects (NI) Order 1995, which makes it an offence to carry out changes to without" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "The Power and the Glory (1933 film) The Power and the Glory is a 1933 pre-Code film starring Spencer Tracy and Colleen Moore, written by Preston Sturges, and directed by William K. Howard. The picture's screenplay was Sturges' first script, which he delivered complete in the form of a finished shooting script, for which he received $17,500 ($ today) and a percentage of the profits. Profit-sharing arrangements, now a common practice in Hollywood, were then unusual and gained Sturges much attention. The film, told through flashbacks, was cited by Pauline Kael in her essay \"Raising Kane\", as a prototype for the narrative of \"Citizen Kane\" (1941). (Screenwriter Herman J. Mankiewicz, who along with Orson Welles won an Oscar for the screenplay of \"Citizen Kane\", was a friend of Sturges.) Tracy's performance in a boardroom scene remains widely considered one of his most thrilling sequences as an actor. \"The Power and the Glory\" was loosely based by Sturges on the life of C. W. Post, his second wife's grandfather, who founded the Postum Cereal Company, which later became General Foods. Like Tom Garner, the lead character of the film, Post worked his way up from the bottom, and ended his own life. Otherwise, according to Sturges, their lives did not correspond. In 2014, \"The Power and the Glory\" was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. The film is unrelated to the 1940 novel of the same title by Graham Greene. After the funeral service for Tom Garner (Spencer Tracy), a powerful and much-hated railroad tycoon who committed suicide, his best friend Henry (Ralph Morgan) recalls Garner's life, his family problems, and his rise from track walker to president of the railroad. Sturges originally wrote the script as a freelance project after being let go by Universal Pictures. He told the story to producer Jesse L. Lasky, who had his own unit at Fox, who requested a treatment. Sturges refused to do a treatment, and instead delivered a finished shooting script, which Lasky said was \"the most perfect script I'd ever seen\", with nothing that needed to be trimmed. Sturges offered the script to Lasky for $62,475, but Lasky instead structured a deal in which Sturges got $17,500 upon signing, 3% of the first $500,000 in receipts, 5% of the next $500,000, and 7% of all receipts over $1,000,000. Such a percentage deal was highly unusual at that time, and caused an uproar among producers and writers. Both director William K. Howard and Spencer Tracy were supposed to have worked on \"Marie Galante\", but when it was postponed, they were transferred to \"The Power and the Glory\". Irene Dunne and Mary Astor were both considered for the part of Sally Garner, eventually played by Colleen Moore. Moore was lent to Fox by MGM, as was Helen Vinson, and had not appeared in a film since 1929. The film was in production from 23 March to late April 1933, with some re-shooting in June 1933. It had originally been set to begin in late February 1933, but was postponed several times. Location shooting took place at the Hasson station beyond the Santa Susana Pass, using the largest locomotive in the west, leased from the Southern Pacific Railroad; and at the Iverson Movie Ranch in Chatsworth, California. During filming, Sturges served as the dialogue director, working with the actors much as he had done in stage rehearsals as a playwright. The film was previewed in Los Angeles on 17 June 1933, and after objections from the Hays Office about the sexual nature of the relationship between a stepmother (\"Sally Garner\") and her stepson (\"Tom Garner Jr.\"), some re-editing was done. When this did not satisfy the censors, reshooting and more extensive re-editing was done to alleviate their concerns. The film was premiered in New York City on 16 August 1933, and was generally released on 6 October of that year. Fox coined the word \"narratage\" to describe the non-chronological narration of the story. Although the film was well received by critics, and Spencer Tracy's performance was especially praised, the film did not do well at the box office, except in New York City. The film was a box office disappointment for Fox. By the end of 1940, it had grossed a little over a half-million dollars, which meant that Sturges had only received about $2,000 over his advance. By 1957 it had grossed around a million. Sturges' innovative narrative structure was singled out by critics, and the praise was so great, the studio put a bronze plaque up on the New York movie theater where it had its world premiere. The bronze tablet hailed \"The Power and the Glory\" as \"the first motion picture in which narratage was used as a method of telling a dramatic story.\" Sturges' screenplay was widely praised. It was published in book form in 1934, and he received the 1933 \"Hollywood Reporter\" Award of Merit for Best Original Story. When film critic Pauline Kael wrote \"Raising Kane\", her seminal 1971 \"New Yorker\" article on the genesis of \"Citizen Kane\", \"The Power and the Glory\" was virtually a \"lost film\". After writing about how Hollywood had praised the movie back in 1933 by putting up a bronze plaque on the New York movie theater where it had its premiere, she chided the movie industry for failing to preserve it. \"Hollywood, big on ballyhoo but short on real self-respect, failed to transfer the nitrate negative to safety stock, and modern prints of \"The Power and the Glory\" are tattered remnants.\" The movie was later restored and is now complete. The Power and the Glory (1933 film) The Power and the Glory is a 1933 pre-Code film starring Spencer Tracy and Colleen Moore, written by Preston Sturges, and directed by William K. Howard. The picture's screenplay was Sturges' first script, which he delivered complete in the form of a finished shooting script, for which he received $17,500 ($" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Suspicious Activity? Suspicious Activity? is the fourth studio album by the jazz band The Bad Plus. The band had previously garnered attention for covering well-known rock songs in an \"acoustic power trio\" style, but \"Suspicious Activity?\" includes only one cover version: the theme to the 1981 movie \"Chariots of Fire\". Instead, the album focuses on the band's original music, including the track \"O.G. (Original Gentleman),\" which is a tribute to the legendary jazz drummer Elvin Jones. This would be The Bad Plus' final album for Columbia Records, as the band and the label parted ways in 2006. Several cover versions from the \"Suspicious Activity?\" recording sessions are available on iTunes and other major online services, including Led Zeppelin's \"Immigrant Song,\" Queen's \"We Are the Champions,\" and Björk's \"Human Behaviour.\" In November 2005, it was revealed that Sony was distributing albums with Extended Copy Protection, a controversial feature that automatically installed rootkit software on any Microsoft Windows machine upon insertion of the disc. In addition to preventing the CDs contents from being copied, it was also revealed that the software reported the users' listening habits back to Sony and also exposed the computer to malicious attacks that exploited insecure features of the rootkit software. Though Sony refused to release a list of the affected CDs, the Electronic Frontier Foundation identified \"Suspicious Activity?\" as one of the discs with the invasive software. Suspicious Activity? Suspicious Activity? is the fourth studio album by the jazz band The Bad Plus. The band had previously garnered attention for covering well-known rock songs in an \"acoustic power trio\" style, but \"Suspicious Activity?\" includes only one cover version: the theme to the 1981 movie \"Chariots of Fire\". Instead, the album focuses on the band's original music, including the track \"O.G. (Original Gentleman),\" which is a tribute to" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Samuel Sadler Sir Samuel Alexander Sadler (1842 – 29 September 1911) was an eminent industrialist, public servant and the first Conservative Member of Parliament for Middlesbrough, United Kingdom, the town with which his name is associated. Samuel Alexander was the son of James Sadler and Mary Ann Millership of Langley Hall, near Oldbury, Worcestershire (now Oldbury, West Midlands). Members of the Sadler family contributed greatly to their native district of Oldbury and the Black Country during the nineteenth century, particularly Samuel Alexander's paternal uncle, John Sadler, yet the present subject found renown in the North East of England and surpassed all his kinsmen in that regard. Sadler was a chemist by profession and, having studied at the University of London, reputedly under Michael Faraday, he established the successful chemicals business of Sadler and Company Limited based at Middlesbrough – Teesside's first oil and chemicals company. He founded the firm in 1869 as a tar distillery and wood distillery. In 1880 he took over the neighbouring company of Jones & Sharp. It became a limited company in 1883 and subsidiary works were opened at Ulverston, Portsmouth, Carlton and Stockton. Products included coal gas, ammonia soda, ammonium sulphate, sulphuric acid, muriatic acid (HCl), nitric acid, caustic soda, sodium dichromate, oxalic acid, benzoles, carbolic acid (phenol), naphtha light oils, creosote, heavy oil, pitch and coke. The original works closed in 1971. It was due to the efforts of pioneers such as Sadler that Teesside became established as a leading centre of the chemicals industry in the United Kingdom. He was also a colliery owner and had interests in several colliery companies in County Durham. A 434 NRT steamship was named for him in 1876. Beside his work as an industrialist, Sadler served on Middlesbrough Council from 1873 and became Mayor on three occasions – 1877, 1896 and 1910. He succeeded at the third attempt to be elected as the first Conservative Member of Parliament for the Middlesbrough constituency and unseated his predecessor Joseph Havelock Wilson in the firmly Liberal seat at the 1900 general election, but was defeated by Wilson at the 1906 general. In addition, he became a Freeman of the Borough, served as Justice of the Peace, Alderman and was honoured with a knighthood on 24 July 1905. Sadler was greatly interested in the Volunteer Force and served as Commanding Officer and later Honorary Colonel of the 1st Durham Rifle Volunteers, which became the 1st Volunteer Battalion of the Durham Light Infantry. He received the Volunteer Decoration. As a result of his efforts in this field, and as a reflection of his popularity due to repeated displays of popular philanthropy, Sadler was affectionately referred to as 'the Colonel'. Two years following his death, a statue commemorating his service to the town was fashioned by Édouard Lantéri and erected by subscription in Victoria Square, Middlesbrough. There is a photograph in the Frith collection. The statue was temporarily moved in 2004 so that construction could be performed on the square. Samuel Alexander Sadler married firstly Rachael Sadler Field (1847–1873), his first cousin once removed, daughter of John Field and Mercy Ann Sadler of Oldbury in 1865, by whom he had issue; the eldest, Percy, marrying Mary Young Blair, the daughter of George Young Blair. His second son by his first wife, Cecil James Sadler (b. 1868), married Amy Ropner, daughter of fellow Teesside magnate Sir Robert Ropner, 1st Baronet (1838–1924) of Preston Hall, near Stockton-on-Tees. Sadler married secondly her sister Mercy Sadler Field (b. 1853) in 1874, by whom he had issue. His second wife became Lady Sadler and outlived Sadler. Record of Sir Samuel Alexander Sadler's parliamentary contributions in Hansard might be viewed on the following link. Samuel Sadler Sir Samuel Alexander Sadler (1842 – 29 September 1911) was an eminent industrialist, public servant and the first Conservative Member of Parliament for Middlesbrough, United Kingdom, the town with which his name is associated. Samuel Alexander was the son of James Sadler and Mary Ann Millership of Langley Hall, near Oldbury, Worcestershire (now Oldbury, West Midlands). Members of the Sadler family contributed greatly to their native district of Oldbury and the Black Country during the nineteenth century, particularly Samuel Alexander's paternal uncle, John" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Mardakan Arboretum Mardakan arboretum is located in the Mardakan township on the semi-arid Absheron peninsula, 40 km away from Baku.It was a personal garden of Murtuza Mukhtarov, a tycoon and oil millionaire of his time around 1895-1920s. Currently, an area of the Arboretum is 24 hectares. The Arboretum is listed among the world’s richest collections for the number and age of flora species. About 1,800 species including 1,540 plant types and breeds both from Azerbaijan and many other countries are being introduced to visitors. Mardakan arboretum is 4,5 km from the shore of the Caspian Sea. The territory of the arboretum is 12 hectares. 80-85% of the arboretum is covered with limestone. The soil cover is represented by various soil combinations. With increasing distance from the sea heavier and lighter sandy-loam grounds are encountered, which consists of insignificant depth of 0,5 to 1,5 meter. Only natural lignose and shrubs are almost absent. Cascara buckthorn, Georgian honeysuckle, tamarix, feral fig and other plants are encountered between the rocks. Arboretum’s vegetation exists on the ground, imported from Lankaran and with artificial watering. The water is taken from deep wells, filtered through the limestone, 30–80 m depth. Water from the wells is pulled into pools, from which it is divereted through the territory of the park through pipes. The diameter of the wells is 8-13 m and the average depth is 36 m. The deepest well located near the Yesenin house-museum was built in 1835 and has a total length of 27 meters. The well is surrounded by a round stonewalls in the form of castle and has a circular staircase about 18 meters high. the well has underground passages. The pools were built between 1903 and 1905. 6 artificial waterfalls have been installed in the garden along with the water-pools.The quadrangle pool has a 35 meters width, 50 meters length and 30 meters depth. The other pool was constructed on the ground in 1840 and in order to climb it, staircases are used. According to Tofig Mammadov, the director of Mardakan arboretum, the overall quantity of species of flora and fauna in arboretum is about 1'700. On the right and left side of the central alley of the garden, expositions of natural plants are exhibited. The expositions are categorized into 8 botanical-geographical groups: East Asian flora, Central Asian flora, North American flora, South America flora, flora of Mediterranean countries, Australia and New Zealand flora, Caucasian flora and African flora. There are 22 types and 300 species of rose, 9 types and 35 species of daffodil, 6 types and 12 species of iris, 28 types and 56 species of cactus, 15 types and 26 species of poppy in this exposition. This exposition of 600 types and 760 species of cultivated plants is divided into 12 groups. It includes pomegranate and other fruit trees, berries, Medicinal plants and others. There are 2 museums located in the area of Mardakan Arboretum: “Botany museum” dedicated to the Soviet botanist Nikolai Vavilov and “Sergei Yesenin museum” dedicated to the Russian poet Sergei Yesenin. This is the house-museum of Russian poet Sergei Yesenin who lived here in 1924-1925. The museum was established in 1974 on the initiative of Heydar Aliyev and inaugurated on April 1 1975 on the occasion of Yesenin’s 80 anniversary. The street where this museum located has been named after Sergei Yesenin. The museum has been operating under the Literature Museum of Azerbaijan since 1999. After the reestablishment of the structure of the Literature Museum in 2008, the house-museum of S.Yesenin transformed into the Center of Russian-Azerbaijani literary relationships named after S.A.Yesenin. The Center provides information about the poet’s life and his poems, as well as collects and research the materials related to Russian-Azerbaijani literary relationship. Some scenes of the Azerbaijani films, such as \"The Cloth Peddler\", \"Qorxma, mən səninləyəm\" (1981), \"Bаşsız аtlı\", \"Lənkəran xanının vəziri\" were shot in this garden. Mardakan Arboretum Mardakan arboretum is located in the Mardakan township on the semi-arid Absheron peninsula, 40 km away from Baku.It was a personal garden of Murtuza Mukhtarov, a tycoon and oil millionaire of his time around 1895-1920s. Currently, an area of the Arboretum is 24 hectares. The Arboretum is listed among the world’s richest" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Robert Frost Medal The Robert Frost Medal is an award of the Poetry Society of America for \"distinguished lifetime service to American poetry.\" Medalists receive a prize purse of $5,000. The medal was first presented in 1930 to Jessie Rittenhouse, and to the memory of Bliss Carmen and George Edward Woodberry For the following 53 years, the Frost Medal was awarded only eleven times, to poets at the end of their careers. In 1984, it became an annual award to a living poet. Since 1995, the recipient of the Frost Medal has delivered the Frost Medal Lecture, a retrospective reading and talk that is the highlight of the Annual Awards Ceremony. Robert Frost was the fourth recipient of the Frost Medal, in 1941, after he had retired from Amherst College. Robert Frost Medal The Robert Frost Medal is an award of the Poetry Society of America for \"distinguished lifetime service to American poetry.\" Medalists receive a prize purse of $5,000. The medal was first presented in 1930 to Jessie Rittenhouse, and to the memory of Bliss Carmen and George Edward Woodberry For the following 53 years, the Frost Medal was awarded only eleven times, to poets at the end of" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "New York State Route 185 (1930s–1980) New York State Route 185 (NY 185) was a state highway located within St. Lawrence County in the North Country of New York in the United States. Although the route followed a mostly north–south alignment, it was considered an east–west highway by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT). The western terminus of NY 185 was at an intersection with NY 37 in the town of Hammond. The eastern terminus was at a junction with Brasie Corners–Rossie Road in the hamlet of Rossie, located within the town of Rossie. NY 185 was assigned in the early 1930s as a spur leading northeast from Rossie to NY 58. It was extended north to NY 37 soon afterward, but truncated in the 1940s to consist only of the Rossie–NY 37 segment. The NY 185 designation was eliminated in 1980, and its former routing was removed from the state highway system two years later as part of a highway maintenance swap between New York State and St. Lawrence County. The final path of NY 185 is now part of County Route 3 (CR 3). NY 185 began at an intersection with NY 37 in the town of Hammond. The route went to the southeast as a two-lane rural highway south of Black Lake. A short distance from NY 37, NY 185 crossed Black Creek, which flowed into the namesake lake. The route winded eastward, and southwestward through Hammond, passing to a general southeastern direction. At Alamogin Road, NY 185 turned southward once again, making several winds eastward and southward into the town of Rossie and remained a two-lane rural highway. After the intersection with South Hammond Road, NY 185 entered the hamlet of Rossie, where it served as the main street as a two-lane roadway. Within the hamlet, NY 185 intersected with County Route 8 (Brassie Corners–Rossie Road), where the designation terminated. NY 185 was assigned as a spur connecting NY 58 to the hamlet of Rossie. It was extended north from Rossie to NY 37 in the mid-1930s, but truncated on its south end to the hamlet in the late 1940s. It remained unchanged until April 10, 1980, when the designation was removed. Two years later, on September 1, 1982, maintenance of the Rossie–NY 37 highway was transferred from the state of New York to St. Lawrence County as part of a highway maintenance swap between the two levels of government. NY 185's former routing north of Rossie is now part of CR 3. The route's pre-1940s routing east of the community was given to the county prior to 1982 and is now CR 8. New York State Route 185 (1930s–1980) New York State Route 185 (NY 185) was a state highway located within St. Lawrence County in the North Country of New York in the United States. Although the route followed a mostly north–south alignment, it was considered an east–west highway by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT). The western terminus of" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "The Gunther Corporation The Gunther Corporation, formed in 1998, is a multi-media production company based in Pisa, Italy. It operates several divisions, including a marketing department headed by Glam Management. Outside Italy, the Gunther Corporation owns several companies including the Gunther Reform Trust in the Bahamas. The trust is responsible for all financial aspects of the Corporation. One of the company's early successes was its Miami club show The Burgundians, which toured South Florida in the summer of 1999. Featuring local dancers and performers the show's title song received a limited release in Europe. The Gunther Corporation have been responsible for a series of media stunts both in Italy and America, most notably the purchase of the Miami Mansion of Madonna in June 2000. This caused a media stir when a German Shepherd dog was unveiled as the new owner. In January 2006, The Gunther Corporation went into production with the television special \"Global Revolution\". The story of this musical film focused on a group of individuals living their life under a new ideology. It aired on 26 March 2006 on Italian television. In the summer of 2006, The Gunther Corporation purchased Pontedera Football Club and regularly stage excerpts from Global Revolution during the half time entertainment. The Gunther Corporation The Gunther Corporation, formed in 1998, is a multi-media production company based in Pisa, Italy. It operates several divisions, including a marketing department headed by Glam Management. Outside Italy, the Gunther Corporation owns several companies including the Gunther Reform Trust in the Bahamas. The trust is responsible for all financial aspects of the Corporation. One of the company's early successes was its Miami club show The Burgundians, which toured South Florida in the summer of 1999. Featuring local dancers and performers the show's title song received a limited release in" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Belinda Wright (dancer) Belinda Wright (18 January 1929 – 1 April 2007) was an English ballerina noted for romantic and classical roles. She was born Brenda Wright in Southport, Lancashire (later Merseyside). She was the daughter of a coal merchant, and as a sickly child was advised to take dance classes for her health. She studied under Dorothea Halliwell, Olga Preobrajenska in Paris and Kathleen Crofton in London, and won awards for young dancers including the Anna Pavlova Cup and the Dancing Times Cup. Wright began working with Ballet Rambert in 1946. After further studies, she joined the London Festival Ballet, where she danced as prima ballerina and became best known for her work in ballets including \"Harlequinade\" and \"Giselle\". She also danced for Roland Petit's Ballet de Paris, Le Grand Ballet du Marquis de Cuevas, and the Royal Ballet. Her farewell performance took place in 1977 in Tokyo, and afterward she worked as a dance teacher. Wright had two children. She was married to Swiss dancer Wolfgang Brunner but divorced in 1960. She married her dance partner Jelko Yuresha in 1961, and resided in Zurich, Switzerland, and New York. She died of coronary complications in Zurich at the age of 78. Belinda Wright (dancer) Belinda Wright (18 January 1929 – 1 April 2007) was an English ballerina noted for romantic and classical roles. She was born Brenda Wright in Southport, Lancashire (later Merseyside). She was the daughter of a coal merchant, and as a sickly child was advised to take dance classes for her health. She studied under Dorothea Halliwell, Olga Preobrajenska in Paris and Kathleen Crofton in London, and won awards for young dancers including the Anna Pavlova Cup and the Dancing Times Cup. Wright began working with Ballet Rambert in 1946. After further studies, she joined the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Ugandi County Ugandi (Latin: \"Ungannia\" or \"Ugaunia\"; ; Low German: \"Uggn\") was an independent county between the east coast of Lake Võrtsjärv and west coast of Lake Pskov, bordered by Vaiga, Mõhu, Nurmekund, Sakala, Tālava, and The Principality of Pskov. Ugandi had an area of approximately 3000 hides. Ugandi corresponded roughly to the present Estonia's territory of Võru County, Põlva County and half of Tartu County and Valga County, as well as Petseri County. The county was first mentioned in print by Henry of Livonia After the Northern crusades it became the Bishopric of Dorpat. In Latvian: \"Igaunija\" (\"Ugaunija\" is the Latvian name for the Ugaunia county) is still the modern national name for Estonia. The name \"Ugandi\" is derived by associating \"Ugaunia\" with the name of \"Uandimägi\" Hill near Otepää. An alternate theory proposes that the name \"Ugaunia\" could have been derived from the Slavic language word \"Ug\", meaning \"South\" (cf. Yugoslavia). The power center of Ugandi is believed to have been in the fortified stronghold of Otepää (Ugaunian for \"bear's head\"; , ) in present-day Linnamägi Hill in the town of Otepää. The hill is indeed shaped like a head of a bear, thought to have been a holy animal for Ugaunians. Another important Ugaunian stronghold was Tarbatu by the river Emajõgi (literally, \"Mother River\"). It was erected around 600 AD on the east side of Toome Hill (Toomemägi) in what is today Tartu. Due to its location, Ugandi always bore the brunt of East Slavs' attacks against Chudes, as they called Finnic peoples around their North-Eastern boundaries. In 1030 Kievan Prince Yaroslav I the Wise oraganized a military campaign against Chuds, defeated them and established fort Yuryev (literally \"Yury's\" - Yury being Yaroslav's Christian name) in what is modern day Tartu. Kievan rule of Tartu/Tarbatu may have lasted 30 years until 1061, when, according to Old East Slavic chronicles, Yuryev was burned down by \"Sosols\" (probably Sackalians, Oeselians or Harionenses). In modern Estonian literature, the province of Ugaunia is called \"Ugandi\" or \"Ugala\". In Latvian, the country of Estonia is still called \"Igaunija\" after Ugaunians, their ancient warlike neighbors. In Estonian folklore, Ugaunians (\"ugalased\") are enemy warriors and robbers. For example, a folk song from Viljandi calls for speeding up the harvest work because Ugaunians might attack. \"\"Ugalane\"\" has also been used as a disparaging word for an unsophisticated country person. Rulers of Novgorod Republic and Principality of Pskov made frequent raids against Ugaunians in the 12th century but never succeeded to subjugate them. Fort Bear's Head was conquered in 1116 and 1193, Tarbatu in 1134 and 1192. Ugaunians themselves made several raids against Pskov. At the beginning of the 13th century, a new powerful enemy appeared. German crusaders had established a foothold at the mouth of the Daugava river and started to expand and christen local tribes. The Ugaunians' southern neighbors, the Latgalians (or Letts), saw the crusaders as potential allies against their traditional adversaries. The Ugaunians wanted to continue the truce with their new neighbors, but the crusaders had a list of preconditions. They demanded that the Ugaunians pay reparation for an old incident. Many years ago the Ugaunians, upon the advice of the Livonians, had robbed a caravan of German merchants by the Daugava river. In 1207 the crusaders sent a priest called Alabrand to Ugaunia to demand compensation, but did not receive an answer. Next year the Letts and Teutonic Knights sent a new delegation to Ugaunia and returned with Ugaunian envoys. Ugaunians were offered \"eternal peace\" if they accept Christianity and return everything they had robbed from Germans and Letts. Ugaunians refused and left, threatening the Letts with \"very sharp lances\". The crusaders and Letts went to war against Ugaunians. They burned Otepää and returned with captives and booty. Ugaunians and Sackalians retaliated, raided territories of the Letts and burned their worst enemies alive. The Livonians and the Bishop of Riga wanted peace and sent the priest Alabrand to Otepää to negotiate. Alabrand used the gathering of Ugaunians to preach the Christianity to them. Some pagan Ugaunians wanted to kill him because of his preaching, but his status as the messenger of the bishop protected him. Ugaunians made peace with the Bishop of Riga, the leader of the Livonian Crusade. In 1210 the Novgorodian prince Mstislav the Bold and his brother, Vladimir the Prince of Polatsk, sent an army against Ugaunians. They besieged Otepää and fought there for eight days. Defenders of the fort suffered a shortage of food and water and were forced to ask for peace. Ugaunians had to accept Orthodox baptism and pay a tribute of 400 \"nogata\" marks. (\"Nogat\" or \"nahad\" is Estonian word for pelts). The same summer Ugaunians of Otepää surrendered to crusader commander Bertold of Wenden. Ugaunians continued to raid Lettish territories. Wars between Ugaunians and Letts lasted the whole decade. The elders of Ugaunians and Letts had deep personal feuds. When Ugaunians captured Tālivaldis of Trikāta in 1215 and burned him alive, his sons burned alive all Ugaunian men they could catch to avenge. They also tortured Ugaunians to force them to show hiding places in the woods. When all Ugaunian provinces were burnt down, the people still alive sent messengers to Riga, asking for peace and promised to receive baptism. They told that all who had been involved in the robbery of German merchants had already been killed. The priests Otto and Peter Kakuwalda were sent to baptize them. Hearing about that, prince Vladimir of Pskov attacked Ugaunians. Ugaunians and German crusaders fortified Otepää and avenged Russians, raiding lands of Pskov and Novgorod. After that Ugaunians went with crusaders, Livonians and Letts against Estonian pagan provinces Jerwia and Vironia. Prince Vladimir of Pskov sent messengers through all of Estonia to besiege Germans and Ugaunians at Otepää. Harrians and Oeselians came and even already baptized Sackalians. While troops of 20000 of Novgorodians and Œselians attacked Otepää, Ugaunians alongside with crusaders made raids against Novgorod, Vironians and Votians. In 1220 Ugaunians rebelled against the Germans. Sackalians sent bloody swords with which they had killed Germans to Ugaunians of Tarbatu and Otepää. In Tarbatu they decided by lot whether to sacrifice to the gods an ox or their priest Hartwig, who was equally fat. Lucklily for the priest, the lot fell upon the ox. Ugaunians decided to side with Novgorodians. Russian princes of Pskov, Novgorod and Suzdal sent huge troops of 20000 men to Ugaunia. The people of Tarbatu sent them large gifts and Otepää welcomed them too. The Russians left Vetseke as their prince to rule Ugaunians and any other Estonian province around he could gathered tax from. In 1224 crusaders retook all provinces in mainland Estonia. After casting lot, bishop Hermann of Buxhoeveden was given rule over Ugaunia while Sackala was given to the order. Otepää was happy over the rule of bishop Hermann but Tarbatu was still ruled by Vetseke and his Ruthenians. Later that year however, Tarbatu was conquered and all its Ugaunian and Ruthenian defenders killed. Bishop Hermann started to fortify Otepää and Tarbatu. He chose Tarbatu/Dorpat to be his residence. Bishop Hermann and his Ugaunian subjects fought frequently against Novgorod and were defeated by prince Alexander Nevsky in the Battle on Lake Peipus in 1242. Ugaunia became subsequently known as the Bishopric of Dorpat. Ugandi County Ugandi (Latin: \"Ungannia\" or \"Ugaunia\"; ; Low German: \"Uggn\") was an independent county between the east coast of Lake Võrtsjärv and west coast of Lake Pskov, bordered by Vaiga, Mõhu, Nurmekund, Sakala, Tālava, and The Principality of Pskov. Ugandi had an area of approximately 3000 hides. Ugandi corresponded roughly to the present Estonia's territory of Võru County,", "that year however, Tarbatu was conquered and all its Ugaunian and Ruthenian defenders killed. Bishop Hermann started to fortify Otepää and Tarbatu. He chose Tarbatu/Dorpat to be his residence. Bishop Hermann and his Ugaunian subjects fought frequently against Novgorod and were defeated by prince Alexander Nevsky in the Battle on Lake Peipus in 1242. Ugaunia became subsequently known as the Bishopric of Dorpat. Ugandi County Ugandi (Latin: \"Ungannia\" or \"Ugaunia\"; ; Low German: \"Uggn\") was an independent county between the east coast of Lake Võrtsjärv and west coast of Lake Pskov, bordered by Vaiga, Mõhu, Nurmekund, Sakala, Tālava, and The Principality of Pskov. Ugandi had an area of approximately 3000 hides. Ugandi corresponded roughly to the present Estonia's territory of Võru County, Põlva County and half of Tartu County and Valga County, as well as Petseri County. The county was first mentioned in print by Henry of Livonia After" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter

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