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{ "retrieved": [ "Eugénie Sandler P.I. Eugénie Sandler P.I. is a 13-part Australian children's series that first aired on ABC1 in 2000. The series stars Xaris Miller as the title character. The show now airs on ABC3 in an afternoon time slot. Eugénie Sandler is your average everyday teenager, worried about the usual things, like her place in the world, who she is, and what it's like to be fifteen. She also worries about her father Ray, who is a private investigator whose job causes frequent changes of address. When her father goes missing one day and she discovers a bomb in her sink, her whole world is turned upside down. With the help of her new friend Warwick, she discovers that her world is not as simple as it seems and that the freedom of a (fictional) country known as Versovia depends on her actions. Along the way, she makes many new friends, saves a lot of lives and discovers that love is not as scary as people think. In late 1999 the Australian Broadcasting Company came up with the idea of a new children's detective show. In early 2000 after many scripts were written and casting had completed,they started filming. The first episode of the 13-part series aired on 30 October 2000. Eugénie Sandler P.I. Eugénie Sandler P.I. is a 13-part Australian children's series that first aired on ABC1 in 2000. The series stars Xaris Miller as the title character. The show now airs on ABC3 in an afternoon time slot. Eugénie Sandler is your average everyday teenager, worried about the usual things, like her place in the world, who she is, and what it's like to be fifteen. She also worries about her father Ray, who is a private investigator whose job causes frequent changes of address. When her father" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Wiregrass Region The Wiregrass Region—or Wiregrass Country—is an area of the Southern United States encompassing parts of southern Georgia, southeastern Alabama, and the Florida Panhandle. The region is named for the native \"Aristida stricta\", commonly known as wiregrass due to its texture. The region stretches approximately from just below Macon, Georgia and follows the Fall Line west to Montgomery, Alabama. From there it turns south and runs to approximately Washington County, Florida in the northern panhandle. From there it runs east, roughly making its southern boundary along Interstate 10 to Lake City, Florida. From there it turns north, roughly following the Suwannee River back into Georgia and along the western fringes of the Okefenokee Swamp. From here it runs due north back to Macon. Interstate 75, Interstate 10, U.S. Route 231, U.S. Route 331, and portions of Interstate 65 traverse parts of the Wiregrass. The portion of U.S. Route 84 through Georgia is known as the Wiregrass Georgia Parkway. Major cities in the region include: The region includes Fort Rucker, a U.S. Army post located mostly in Dale County, Alabama. The post is the primary flight training base for Army Aviation and is home to the United States Army Aviation Center of Excellence (USAACE) and the United States Army Aviation Museum. As well as Moody Air Force Base located in Lowndes and Lanier County, Georgia. Moody AFB is the home of the 23d Wing. The wing executes worldwide close air support, force protection, and combat search and rescue operations (CSAR) in support of humanitarian interests, United States national security and the global war on terrorism (GWOT). There are two major waterways in the region, and they bisect the Wiregrass, dividing it into three portions. The Chattahoochee River and the Flint River join to form the Apalachicola River, which flows south from Bainbridge, Georgia and Lake Seminole to the Gulf of Mexico at Apalachicola, Florida. Other waterways include Little Choctawhatchee River, Choctawhatchee River, and Choctawhatchee Bay. The Wiregrass Region suffers from extremely high humidity in the summer (due to its proximity to the Gulf) and enjoys mild winters. Snowfall occurs occasionally in this region in extremely cold years. The area is also prone to hurricanes and tropical storms. Most notably, Hurricane Michael which devastated the area during October of 2018. The Wiregrass Region received over of snow on February 12, 2010. The region had not seen this depth of snowfall since the 1970s or 1990s. The first winter storm warning in many years was issued in the Wiregrass and Florida. \"Harper's Magazine\" published a poem by Charles Ghigna in September 1974 describing the Wiregrass Region; it is titled \"The Alabama Wiregrassers.\" Wiregrass Region The Wiregrass Region—or Wiregrass Country—is an area of the Southern United States encompassing parts of southern Georgia, southeastern Alabama, and the Florida Panhandle. The region is named for the native \"Aristida stricta\", commonly known as wiregrass due to its texture. The region stretches approximately from just below Macon, Georgia and follows the Fall Line west to Montgomery, Alabama." ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Edwin Rose Edwin Rose (12 December 1863 – 11 January 1948) was an Australian politician who was a member of the Legislative Council of Western Australia from 1916 to 1934, representing South-West Province. Rose was born in Harvey, Western Australia, to Annie Bishop (née Allnutt) and Robert Henry Rose. Having followed their father into farming, in 1887 he and his brother George Canler Rose became managers and part-owners of Quanbun Station, a pastoral lease in the Kimberley. They were later also involved with Cherrabun Station. In 1898, Rose returned to the South-West, purchasing a farm in Brunswick. He served on the Harvey Road Board in 1910. Rose entered parliament at the 1916 Legislative Council elections, standing for the Liberal Party. He switched to the Nationalist Party upon its foundation the following year, and was re-elected as a Nationalist in 1922 and 1928. Rose left parliament at the expiration of his third term, in 1934, and eventually retired to Bunbury, dying there in January 1948 (aged 84). He had married Janet Louise Clarke in 1902, with whom he had two daughters. His father-in-law, Ephraim Clarke, was also a member of the Legislative Council, and the two sat together between 1916 and 1921. Edwin Rose Edwin Rose (12 December 1863 – 11 January 1948) was an Australian politician who was a member of the Legislative Council of Western Australia from 1916 to 1934, representing South-West Province. Rose was born in Harvey, Western Australia, to Annie Bishop (née Allnutt) and Robert Henry Rose. Having followed their father into farming, in 1887 he and his brother George Canler Rose became managers and part-owners of Quanbun Station, a pastoral lease in the Kimberley. They were later also involved with Cherrabun Station. In 1898, Rose returned to the South-West, purchasing a farm in Brunswick. He served" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Harkaway, Victoria Harkaway is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 40 km south-east of Melbourne's central business district. Its local government area is the City of Casey. At the , Harkaway had a population of 849. The suburb is one which is home to many who wish to avoid the inner city clutter, yet remain relatively close to the city, and is characterised by its large distinguished homes and parkland. Harkaway is located at the northeast corner of the City of Casey and is bounded by Robinson, Halleur and Harkaway Roads in the west, Boundary Road in the north, Cardinia Creek in the east, and by an irregular border with Berwick, Victoria below Dalton reserve in the south. Prior to European settlement, the area was home to the Bunurong and Wurundjeri indigenous peoples. They maintained a traditional hunting and gathering lifestyle with seasonal movements. A number of stone axe heads have been found in the Harkaway area in a location known as \"Bald Hill\", and some reports say that a corroboree was held there in 1858. However, by 1840, reduction of their hunting grounds, draining of the swamps and introduction of European diseases such as smallpox and measles effectively ended their ability to maintain a traditional lifestyle. The area was settled by German immigrants in the 1850s. They initially bought land at Thomastown with the intention of subdividing a German settlement, but fresh from trying their luck at the Bendigo goldfields, found the fertile land at Harkaway south of King Road (originally Koenig Road, built as a stock route to water the cattle) and settled there instead. They typically built small timber cottages for themselves and practiced small-scale intensive agriculture on family lots, with the families primarily engaged in clearing the land and growing wheat, oats and potatoes, and \"also very active in dairying\". However, a townsite was never actually declared. Harkaway Post Office opened on 1 January 1865. The settlers also constructed a number of other buildings - a Lutheran church (1869), the belfry of which is still intact and is located on Hessell Road; a single-room brick school (1876), a post office and a community hall (1909). Minnie a'Beckett, who married Arthur Merric Boyd, founder of the Boyd artistic dynasty, was based at \"The Grange\" in Harkaway in her early years, and Jessie Traill (1881-1967), a noted Australian painter, set up a studio in the 1920s. The town can be reached from Melbourne and the Monash Freeway by exiting at Heatherton Road, which becomes King Road on entering Harkaway. Most services are provided from nearby Berwick and Narre Warren. With the exception of Harkaway Road, Marks Court, St Fort Court, and a portion of King Road and Noack Road, all roads outside the main town are unsealed. Harkaway Primary School has an enrolment of about 200 students, a community hall, tennis courts and numerous walking and equestrian trails. The area is not served by Melbourne public transport. It contains the pioneer Harkaway quarry on Noack Road.(closed) Harkaway, Victoria" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Non-nucleophilic base As the name suggests, a non-nucleophilic base is a sterically hindered organic base that is a poor nucleophile. Normal bases are also nucleophiles, but often chemists seek the proton-removing ability of a base without any other functions. Typical non-nucleophilic bases are bulky, such that protons can attach to the basic center but alkylation and complexation is inhibited. A variety of amines and nitrogen heterocycles are useful bases of moderate strength (pK of conjugate acid around 10-13) Non-nucleophilic bases of high strength are usually anions. For these species, the pKs of the conjugate acids are around 35-40. Other strong non-nucleophilic bases are sodium hydride and potassium hydride. These compounds are dense, salt-like materials that are insoluble and operate by surface reactions. Some reagents are of high basicity (pK of conjugate acid around 17) but of modest but not negligible nucleophilicity. Examples include sodium \"tert\"-butoxide and potassium \"tert\"-butoxide. The following diagram shows how the hindered base, lithium diisopropylamide, is used to deprotonate an ester to give the enolate in the Claisen ester condensation, instead of undergoing a nucleophilic substitution. This reaction (deprotonation with LDA) is commonly used to generate enolates. Non-nucleophilic base As the name suggests, a non-nucleophilic base is" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "ISO 3166-2:HN ISO 3166-2:HN is the entry for Honduras in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Currently for Honduras, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 18 departments. Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is , the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Honduras. The second part is two letters. Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA). Subdivision names are sorted in traditional Spanish alphabetical order: a-n, ñ, o-z. \"Click on the button in the header to sort each column.\" The following changes to the entry are listed on ISO's online catalogue, the Online Browsing Platform: The following changes to the entry have been announced in newsletters by the ISO 3166/MA since the first publication of ISO 3166-2 in 1998: ISO 3166-2:HN ISO 3166-2:HN is the entry for Honduras in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Jay Johnson Morrow Jay Johnson Morrow (February 20, 1870 – April 16, 1937) was Chief Engineer of the United States First Army and as Deputy Chief Engineer of the American Expeditionary Force during World War I and Governor of the Panama Canal Zone from 1921 to 1924. He was born on February 20, 1870 in Fairview, West Virginia. He was of Scots-Irish descent. He was the brother of U.S. Senator and Diplomat Dwight Morrow and uncle of Anne Morrow Lindbergh. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1891. He was then commissioned in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. He was an instructor in military engineering at the United States Military Academy from 1895-96. He served as military governor of the Philippine Province of Zamboanga from 1901–02. He served as Engineering Commissioner in the District of Columbia from 1907 to 1909. During World War I, he served as Chief Engineer of First Army and as Deputy Chief Engineer of the American Expeditionary Force. He was Governor of the Panama Canal Zone from 1921 to 1924. Morrow married Harriet McMullen Butler on October 15, 1895. She was the daughter of Brigadier General John Gazzam Butler & Eliza Jane Miller Warnick. She was also the granddaughter of Charles Ward Warnick & Mary Ann Miller. He died on April 16, 1937. His ashes were scattered over the Chagres River, which feeds into the Panama Canal. Jay Johnson Morrow Jay Johnson Morrow (February 20, 1870 – April 16, 1937) was Chief Engineer of the United States First Army and as Deputy Chief Engineer of the American Expeditionary Force during World War I and Governor of the Panama Canal Zone from 1921 to 1924. He was born on February 20, 1870 in Fairview, West Virginia. He was of Scots-Irish descent." ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Sanpitch (Ute chief) Sanpitch (killed April 18, 1866) was a leader of the Sanpits tribe of Native Americans who lived in what is now the Sanpete Valley, before and during settlement by Mormon immigrants. The Sanpits are generally considered to be part of the Timpanogos or Utah Indians He was the brother of famed Chief Walkara and the father of Black Hawk, for whom the Black Hawk War in Utah (1865–72) is named. In 1850, after measles from newly arrived Mormon settlers decimated their tribes, Walkara and Chief Sanpitch asked the Mormons to come to the Sanpete Valley to teach the band to farm, though this was met with little enthusiasm. In March 1866, as a ploy suggested by Brigham Young to bring Black Hawk to the bargaining table, the elderly Chief Sanpitch was taken into custody and incarcerated in the jail in Manti. A month later, while he and other jailed Indians were escaping, Sanpitch was shot and wounded. On April 18, 1866, he was found and killed in Birch Creek Canyon (in San Pitch Mountains, between Fountain Green and Moroni). The two Mormon men responsible for the chief's death buried his body under a rock slide by shooting at the canyon wall overhead. Sanpitch's interactions with early Mormon settlers are chronicled in Gottfredson's \"History of Indian depredations in Utah\". Sanpitch is almost certainly not the same person as the Shoshone chief of the same name who was alive in 1870. The Shoshone and Utes were enemies. Some sources indicate that he, or his grandfather of the same name, is the namesake of Sanpete County, the Sanpete Valley, the San Pitch Mountains, and the Sanpitch River. However, all of them share the origin of their names: the Sanpits people. According to William Bright, their name comes from the Ute word \"saimpitsi\", meaning \"people of the tules\". Sanpitch (Ute chief) Sanpitch (killed April 18, 1866) was a leader of the Sanpits tribe of Native Americans who lived in what is now the Sanpete Valley, before and during settlement by Mormon immigrants. The Sanpits are generally considered to be part of the Timpanogos or Utah Indians He was the brother of famed Chief Walkara and the father of Black Hawk, for whom the Black Hawk War in Utah (1865–72) is named. In 1850, after measles from newly arrived Mormon settlers decimated their tribes, Walkara and Chief Sanpitch asked the Mormons to" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Char Margolis Char Margolis (born August 21, 1951) is a self-proclaimed American psychic medium. She stars in her own show, \"Char\", on Dutch television, in which she claims to utilize her intuition to contact the spirits of deceased relatives of guests in her show. Char has come under public scrutiny in the Netherlands after several media outlets suggested she was a fraud using several self-taught tricks, including cold reading, to perform her readings Margolis was born in Detroit, Michigan, on August 21, 1951. At the age of 5 her family moved to Oak Park, Michigan where she attended public school from K-12. She attended Oakland Community College and transferred to Wayne State University with a teaching degree in secondary education. She was a volunteer for the Easter Seal Society in Michigan and while fundraising she was asked to be on a radio show as a psychic. She then was a regular on local TV in Michigan and in the 1980s was discovered by Regis Philbin, who at the time was hosting A.M.L.A., Char became a regular guest on the show. An appearance on \"Live with Regis\" in 2001 gave her national acclaim when she predicted Kelly Ripa's pregnancy (on live TV) when Kelly was auditioning for the host position. A stunned Ripa had to acknowledge the accuracy of this prediction by Char and in her own words, \"I haven't even told my bosses yet!\" She played herself in a 2013 episode of the U.S. cable drama \"Royal Pains\". In March 2008 Dutch television show \"Zembla\" claimed she was a fraud. This programme alleges that she uses a guessing technique called 'cold reading' instead of actually communicating with spirits. Moreover, her claim that she located the missing pilot Dean Paul Martin was shown to be false. The search team that located the plane was contacted by the programme and denied ever having heard of Char Margolis or having received her help in locating the pilot. However, Dean-Paul's brother, Ricci Martin claims in his book that Char did, in fact, locate the plane's wreckage. Char Margolis Char Margolis (born August 21, 1951) is a self-proclaimed American psychic medium. She stars in her own show, \"Char\", on Dutch television, in which she claims to utilize her intuition to contact the spirits of deceased relatives of guests in her show. Char has come under public scrutiny in the Netherlands after several media outlets suggested" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Kelly Williams Brown Kelly Williams Brown (born August 6, 1984 in Covington, Louisiana) is a New York Times-bestselling American writer and author. She is commonly credited with inventing the word \"adulting\", which refers to the small actions that together comprise maturity. She graduated from Loyola University New Orleans with a degree in print journalism, then worked as a features writer and columnist for the Hattiesburg American in Hattiesburg, Mississippi; New Orleans CityBusiness and the Salem, Ore. Statesman Journal. Her first book, \"Adulting: How to Become A Grown-Up in 468 Easy(ish) Steps\", published in 2013 by Grand Central Publishing, was a New York Times-bestseller and developed into a sitcom with JJ Abrams' Bad Robot. After the option was picked up by Pacific Standard, Reese Witherspoon included it in her book club. Her second book, \"Gracious: A Practical Primer on the Art of Charm, Tact and Unsinkable Strength\" was published in 2017 by Rodale Books. Kelly Williams Brown Kelly Williams Brown (born August 6, 1984 in Covington, Louisiana) is a New York Times-bestselling American writer and author. She is commonly credited with inventing the word \"adulting\", which refers to the small actions that together comprise maturity. She graduated from Loyola University New" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Watchman (law enforcement) Watchmen were organized groups of men, usually authorized by a state, government, city, or society, to deter criminal activity and provide law enforcement as well as traditionally perform the services of public safety, fire watch, crime prevention, crime detection, recovery of stolen goods. Watchmen have existed since earliest recorded times in various guises throughout the world and were generally succeeded by the emergence of formally organized professional policing. An early reference to a watch can be found in the Bible where the Prophet Ezekiel states that it was the duty of the watch to blow the horn and sound the alarm. (Ezekiel 33:1-6) The existence of watchmen has also been found in the Ottoman, Greek and Egyptian Empires. The Roman Empire turned the role of a watchman into a profession by creating two organizations: The streets in London were dark and had a shortage of and poor quality artificial light. It had been recognized for centuries that the coming of darkness to the unlit streets of a town brought a heightened threat of danger, and that the night provided cover to the disorderly and immoral, and to those bent on robbery or burglary or who in other ways threatened physical harm to people in the streets and in their houses. The anxieties that darkness gave rise to had been met by the formation of a night watch in the 13th century, and by the rules about who could use the streets after dark. These rules had for long been underpinned in London and other towns by the curfew, the time (announced by the ringing of a bell) at which the gates closed and the streets were cleared. Only people with good reason to be abroad could then travel through the City. Anyone outside at night without reason or permission was suspicious and potentially criminal. Allowances were usually made for people who had some social status on their side. Lord Fielding clearly expected to pass through London's streets untroubled at 1 am one night in 1641, and he quickly became piqued when his coach was stopped by the watch, shouting huffily that it was a 'disgrace' to stop someone of such high standing as he, and telling the constable in charge of the watch that he would box him on the ears if he did not let his coach carry on back to his house. 'It is impossible' to 'distinguish a lord from another man by the outside of a coach', the constable said later in his defence, 'especially at unreasonable times'. The Ordinance of 1233 required the appointment of watchmen. The Assize of Arms of 1252, which required the appointment of constables to summon men to arms, quell breaches of the peace, and to deliver offenders to the sheriff, is cited as one of the earliest creations of an English police force, as was the Statute of Winchester of 1285. In 1252 a royal writ established a Watch and Ward with royal officers appointed as Shire Reeves: By order of the King of England the Winchester Act Mandating The Watch. Part Four and the King commandth that from henceforth all Watches be made as it hath been used in past times that was to wit from the day of Ascension unto the day of St. Michael in every city by six men at every gate in every borough by twelve men in every town by six or four according to the number of inhabitants of the town. They shall keep the Watch all night from sun setting unto sun rising. And if any stranger do pass them by them he shall be arrested until morning and if no suspicion be found he shall go quit. Later in 1279 King Edward I formed a special guard of 20 sergeants at arms who carried decorated battle maces as a badge of official office. By 1415 a watch was appointed to the Parliament of England and in 1485 King Henry VII established a household watch that became known as the Beefeaters. After 1660 it seems that large numbers of men had avoided night-time service by paying for a substitute well before 1660. Substitution had become so common by the late 17th century that the night watch was virtually by then a fully paid force. In October 1663 was promulgated an act of Common Council, known as 'Robinson's Act' from the name of the sitting lord mayor, that confirmed the duty of all householders in the City to take their turn at watching in order 'to keep the peace and apprehend night-walkers, malefactors and suspected persons'. For the most part the Common Council Act of 1663 reiterated the rules and obligations that had long existed. The number of watchmen required for each ward, it declared, was to be the number 'established by custom' – in fact, by an act of 1621. Even though it had been true before the civil war that the watch had already become a body of paid men, supported by what were in effect the fines collected from those with an obligation to serve, the Common Council did not acknowledge this in the confirming Act of 1663. The act of 1663 confirmed that watch on its old foundations, and left its effective management to the ward authorities. The important matter to be arranged in the wards was who was going to serve and on what basis. How the money was to be collected to support a force of paid constables, and by whom, were crucial issues. The 1663 act left it to the ward beadle or a constable and it seems to have been increasingly the case that rather than individuals paying directly for a substitute, when their turn came to serve, the eligible householders were asked to contribute to a watch fund that supported hired man. From the mid-1690s the City authorities made several attempts to replace Robinson's Act and establish the watch on a new footing. Though they did not say it directly, the overwhelming requirement was to get quotas adjusted to reflect the reality that the watch consisted of hired men rather than citizens doing their civic duty—the assumption upon which the 1663 act, and all previous acts, had been based. The implications and consequences of changes in the watch were worked out in practice and in legislation in two stages between the Restoration and the middle decades of the 18th century. The first involved the gradual recognition that a paid (and full-time) watch needed to be differently constituted from one made up of unpaid citizens, a point accepted in practice in legislation passed by the Common Council in 1705, though it was not articulated in as direct a way. The fact that the 1705 act called for watchmen to be strong and able-bodied men seems further confirmation that the watch was now expected to be made up of hired hands rather than every male house holder serving in turn. The act of 1705 laid out the new quotas of watchmen and the disposition of watch-stands agreed to each ward. To discourage the corruption that had been blamed for earlier under-manning, it forbade constables to collect and disturbs the money paid in for hired watchmen: that was now supposed to be the responsibility of the deputy and common councilmen of the ward. The second stage was the recognition that watchmen could not be sustained without a major shift in the way local services were financed. This led to the City's acquisition of taxing power by means of an act of parliament in 1737 which changed the obligation to serve in person into an obligation to pay to support a force of salaried man. Under the new act, the ward authorities also continued to hire their own watchmen and to make whatever local rules seemed appropriate—establishing, for example, the places in their wards where the watchmen would stand and the beats they would patrol. But the implementation of the new Watch Act did have the effect of imposing some uniformity on the watch over the whole City, making in the process some modest incursions into the local autonomy of the wards. One of the leading elements in the regime that emerged from the implementation of the new act was an agreement that every watchman would be paid the same amount and that the wages should be raised to thirteen pounds a year. From 1485 to the 1820s, in the absence of a police", "into an obligation to pay to support a force of salaried man. Under the new act, the ward authorities also continued to hire their own watchmen and to make whatever local rules seemed appropriate—establishing, for example, the places in their wards where the watchmen would stand and the beats they would patrol. But the implementation of the new Watch Act did have the effect of imposing some uniformity on the watch over the whole City, making in the process some modest incursions into the local autonomy of the wards. One of the leading elements in the regime that emerged from the implementation of the new act was an agreement that every watchman would be paid the same amount and that the wages should be raised to thirteen pounds a year. From 1485 to the 1820s, in the absence of a police force, it was the parish-based watchmen who were responsible for keeping order in London's streets. Night watchmen patrolled the streets between 9 or 10 pm until sunrise, and were expected to examine all suspicious characters. Such controls continued to be exercised in the late 17th century. Guarding the streets to prevent crime, to watch out for fires, and – despite the absence of a formal curfew – to ensure that suspicious and unauthorized people did not prowl around under cover of darkness was still the duty of night watch and the constables who were supposed to command them. The principal task of the watch in 1660 and for long after continued to be the control of the streets at night imposing a form of moral or social curfew that aimed to prevent those without legitimate reason to be abroad from wandering the streets at night. That task was becoming increasingly difficult in the 17th century because of the growth of the population and variety of ways in which the social and cultural life was being transformed. The shape of the urban day was being altered after the Restoration by the development of shops, taverns and coffee-houses, theatres, the opera and other places of entertainment. All these placed remained open in the evening and extended their hours of business and pleasure into the night. The watch was affected by this changing urban world since policing the night streets become more complicated when larger number of people were moving around. And what was frequently thought to be poor quality of the watchman—and in time, the lack of effective lighting—came commonly to be blamed when street crimes and night-time disorders seemed to be growing out of control. Traditionally, householders served in the office of constable by appointment or rotation. During their year of office they performed their duties part-time alongside their normal employment. Similarly, householders were expected to serve by rotation on the nightly watch. From the late seventeenth century, however, many householders avoided these obligations by hiring deputies to serve in their place. As this practice increased, some men were able to make a living out of acting as deputy constables or as paid night watchmen. In the case of the watch, this procedure was formalized in many parts of London by the passage of \"Watch Acts\", which replaced householders' duty of service by a tax levied specifically for the purpose of hiring full-time watchmen. Some voluntary prosecution societies also hired men to patrol their areas. While the societies for the reformation of manners showed there was a good deal of support for the effective policing of morality, they also suggested that the existing mechanisms of crime control were regarded by some as ineffective. Constable Dogberry's men from \"Much Ado About Nothing\" by Shakespeare would 'rather sleep than talk' may be dismissed as merely a dramatic device or a caricature, but successful dramatists nevertheless work with characters who strike a chord with their audience. A hundred years later such complaints were still commonplace. Daniel Defoe wrote four pamphlets and a broadsheet on the issue of street crime in which, among other things, he roundly attacked the efficacy of the watch and called for measures to ensure it 'be compos'd of stout, able-body'd Men, and of those a sufficient Number'. Watchmen on roads leading to London had a reputation for clumsiness in the late 1580s. It was a temptation on cold winter nights to slip away early from watching stations to catch some sleep. Constables in charge sometimes let watches go home early. 'The late placing and early dischargering' of night-watches concerned Common Council in 1609 and again 3 decades later when someone sent out to spy on watches reported that they 'break up longe before they ought'. 'The greatest parte of constables' broke up watches 'earlie in the morninge' at exactly the time 'when most danger' was 'feared' in the long night, leaving the dark streets to thieves. We can imagine watchmen on chilly nights counting off the hours until sunrise. Alehouses offered some warmth, even after curfew bells told people to drink up. A group of watchmen sneaked into a 'vitlers' house one night in 1617 and stayed 'drinking and taking tobacco all night longe'. Like other officers, watchmen could become the focus for trouble themselves, adding to the hullabaloo at night instead of ordering others to keep the noise down and go to bed. And as by day, there were more than a few crooked officers policing the streets at night, quite happy to turn a blind eye to trouble for a bribe. Watchman Edward Gardener was taken before the recorder with 'a common nightwalker' – Mary Taylor – in 1641 after he 'tooke 2s to lett' her 'escape' when he was escorting her to Bridewell late at night. Another watchman from over the river in Southwark took advantage of the tricky situation people suddenly found themselves in if they stumbled into the watch, 'demanding money [from them] for passing the watch'. Common complaint in the 1690s was that watchmen were inadequately armed. This was another aspect of the watch in the process of being transformed. The Common Council acts required watchmen to carry halberds, with some still doing so through the late seventeenth century. But it seems clear that few did, because the halberd was no longer suitable for the work they were being called upon to do. It was more often observed that watchmen failed to carry them, and it is surely the case that the halberd was no longer a useful weapon for a watch that was supposed to be mobile. By the second quarter of the 18th century, watchmen were equipped with a staff, along with their lantern. Another step in the right direction was building 'watch howses' as the country lurched towards revolution after 1640. A City committee was asked to look into the question 'what watchhouses are necessary' and where 'for the safety of this cittye' in 1642. Workmen began building watch houses in strategic spots soon after. They provided assembly-points for watchmen to gather to hear orders for the night ahead, somewhere to shelter from 'extremitye of wind and weather', and holding-places for suspects until morning when justices examined the night's catch. There were watch houses next to Temple Bar (1648), 'neere the Granaryes' by Bridewell (1648), 'neere Moregate' (1648), and next to St Paul's south door (1649). They were not big; the one on St. Paul's side was 'a small house or shed'. This was a time of experimentation, and people (including those in authority) were learning how to make best use of these new structures in their midst. The watchmen patrolled the streets at night, calling out the hour, keeping a lookout for fires, checking that doors were locked and ensuring that drunks and other vagrants were delivered to the watch constable. However, their low wages and the uncongenial nature of the job attracted a fairly low standard of person, and they acquired a possibly-exaggerated reputation for being old, ineffectual, feeble, drunk or asleep on the job. London had a system of night policing in place before 1660, although it was improved over the next century", "to St Paul's south door (1649). They were not big; the one on St. Paul's side was 'a small house or shed'. This was a time of experimentation, and people (including those in authority) were learning how to make best use of these new structures in their midst. The watchmen patrolled the streets at night, calling out the hour, keeping a lookout for fires, checking that doors were locked and ensuring that drunks and other vagrants were delivered to the watch constable. However, their low wages and the uncongenial nature of the job attracted a fairly low standard of person, and they acquired a possibly-exaggerated reputation for being old, ineffectual, feeble, drunk or asleep on the job. London had a system of night policing in place before 1660, although it was improved over the next century through better lighting, administrations, finances, and better and more regular salaries. But the essential elements of the night-watch were performing completely by the middle of the seventeenth century. During the 1820s, mounting crime levels and increasing political and industrial disorder prompted calls for reform, led by Sir Robert Peel, which culminated in the demise of the watchmen and their replacement by a uniformed metropolitan police force. The first form of societal protection in the United States was based on practices developed in England. The City of Boston was the first settlement in the 13 colonies to establish a night watch in 1631. New York (then New Amsterdam) and Jamestown followed in 1658. With the unification of laws and centralization of state power (\"e.g.\" the Municipal Police Act of 1844 in New York City, United States), such formations became increasingly incorporated into state-run police force (see metropolitan police and municipal police). Watchmen still exist under Florida statutes and are recognised / given special dispensation in law. This can be verified by England's Old Bailey court records. Watchman (law enforcement) Watchmen were organized groups of men, usually authorized by a state, government, city, or society, to deter criminal activity" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Plains of San Agustin The Plains of San Agustin (sometimes listed as the Plains of San Augustin) is a region in the southwestern U.S. state of New Mexico in the San Agustin Basin, south of U.S. Highway 60. The area spans Catron and Socorro Counties, about 50 miles (80 km) west of the town of Socorro and about 25 miles north of Reserve. The plains extend roughly northeast-southwest, with a length of about 55 miles (88 km) and a width varying between 5–15 miles (8–24 km). The basin is bounded on the south by the Luera Mountains and Pelona Mountain (outliers of the Black Range); on the west by the Tularosa Mountains; on the north by the Mangas, Crosby, Datil, and Gallinas Mountains; and on the east by the San Mateo Mountains. The Continental Divide lies close to much of the southern and western boundaries of the plains. The Plains of San Agustin were purportedly the site of the Roswell UFO incident. Geologically, the Plains of San Agustin lie within the Mogollon-Datil volcanic field, just south of the southeast edge of the Colorado Plateau, and west of the Rio Grande Rift Valley. The basin is a graben (a downdropped block which subsided between parallel faults). The graben is younger than the Datil-Mogollon volcanic eruptions. The flat floor of the plains was created by a Pleistocene lake (Lake San Agustin). Although the graben has dropped an estimated 4,000 ft., the surface relief has been reduced to about 2,000 ft. by sedimentation. A great deal of the sediments entered the San Agustin basin prior to the formation of Lake San Agustin in the last glacial period. There is no evidence of tectonic activity in the area after Lake San Agustin became extinct. Ecologically, the plains lie near the northern end of the Chihuahuan Desert (though the ranges surrounding the Gila River headwaters intervene), which is dominated by shrublands. The plains are probably best known as the site of the Very Large Array, a radio astronomy observatory. The plains were chosen for the observatory because of their isolated location away from large population centers, and the partial shielding effect of the surrounding mountain ranges. The edges of the plains have sites of archaeological interest such as a prehistoric rockshelter known as Bat Cave. Other sites in the area include a ghost town called Old Horse Springs and the Ake Site, a prehistoric occupation site. Plains of San Agustin The Plains of San Agustin (sometimes listed as the Plains of San Augustin) is a region in the southwestern U.S. state of New Mexico in the San Agustin Basin, south of U.S. Highway 60. The area spans Catron and Socorro Counties, about 50 miles (80 km) west of the town of Socorro and about 25 miles north of Reserve. The plains extend roughly northeast-southwest, with a length of about 55 miles (88 km) and a width varying between 5–15 miles (8–24 km). The basin is bounded on the south by the Luera Mountains and Pelona" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Cape Chaunar Cape Chaunar, Cap Uarsig, Cape Nun, Cap Noun, Cabo de Não or Nant is a cape on the Atlantic coast of Africa, in southern Morocco, between Tarfaya and Sidi Ifni. By the 15th century it was considered insurmountable by Arabs and Europeans, thus resulting in the name meaning cape \"no\" in Portuguese. Cape Chaunar is the true northern coastal limit of the Sahara desert, although nearby Cape Bojador is frequently mistakenly called this. The thirteenth century Genovese navigators Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi may have sailed as far as Cape Non before being lost at sea. It was named \"Cabo de Não\" (\"Cape No\") by Portuguese mariners during the fifteenth century, being considered the impassable limit for Arab and European sailors, the \"non plus ultra\" beyond which no navigation could occur. \"\"Quem o passa tornará ou não\"\" (those who cross it, return or not), wrote Venetian explorer Alvise Cadamosto in his book \"Navigazione\". Starting in 1421, exploratory vessels were sent by Prince Henry the Navigator, managing to cross Cape Non and reaching Cape Bojador, then considered the southern limit of the world, stretching into the \"\"dark sea\"\" (Latin \"Mare Tenebrarum\", \"Mare Tenebrosum\" or \"Bahr al-Zulumat\" in Arabic) the medieval name for the Atlantic Ocean inaccessible to the sailors of the time. Cape Chaunar Cape Chaunar, Cap Uarsig, Cape Nun, Cap Noun, Cabo de Não or Nant is a cape on the Atlantic coast of Africa, in southern Morocco, between Tarfaya and Sidi Ifni. By the 15th century it was considered insurmountable by Arabs and Europeans, thus resulting in the name meaning cape \"no\" in Portuguese. Cape Chaunar is the true northern coastal limit of the Sahara desert, although nearby Cape Bojador is frequently mistakenly called this. The thirteenth century Genovese navigators Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi may have sailed as" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Darius Leonard Darius Leonard (born July 27, 1995) is an American football linebacker for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the South Carolina State Bulldogs and was drafted in the second round of the 2018 NFL Draft by the Colts. Leonard led SCSU in tackles as a redshirt freshman in 2014, compiling 86, 14 for loss, 5 sacks, and 2 forced fumbles. He posted 70 stops the following year (2015), 13 of those for loss, with five sacks and two interceptions to earn a first-team all-conference selection as a redshirt sophomore. After the 2016 season, Leonard was named the MEAC defensive player of the year, making SC State the first school to win the award four years in a row. Leonard finished the season with 124 tackles, 14 tackles for loss, 3 sacks, two interceptions, three pass break-ups, and four forced fumbles. He had an impressive game against ACC powerhouse Clemson, totaling 19 tackles. Leonard saved his best for last, as he posted career highs in total tackles (113) and sacks (8) as a senior while picking off two more passes and forcing one fumble. His 73 solo tackles in 2017 put him in the Top 10 in the nation, and 4 of his sacks came in his final two games. He also won the MEAC defensive player of the year award again after the 2017 season. On November 20, 2017, it was announced that Leonard had accepted his invitation to play in the 2018 Senior Bowl. On January 27, 2018, Leonard played in the 2018 Senior Bowl and recorded a game-high 14 combined tackles (five solo) as part of Bill O'Brien'sNorth team that defeated the South 45–16. Leonard's performance at the Senior Bowl immensely helped his draft stock. Leonard attended the NFL Scouting Combine, but was unable to complete all of his combine drills after injuring his quadriceps while running his 40-yard dash. He completed the bench press, 40-yard dash, 20-yard dash, and 10-yard dash at the NFL Combine. On March 20, 2018, Leonard participated at South Carolina State's pro day and performed the rest of his combine drills. At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, Leonard was projected to be a second or third round pick by NFL draft experts and scouts. He was ranked as the sixth best inside linebacker prospect in the draft by NFL analyst Mel Kiper Jr. and was ranked the seventh best outside linebacker by DraftScout.com. The Indianapolis Colts selected Leonard in the second round (36th overall) of the 2018 NFL Draft. Leonard was the fifth linebacker taken in the draft. On July 23, 2018, Leonard signed a four-year, $7.24 million contract that included $4.16 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $3.35 million. Leonard entered training camp slated as the starting weakside linebacker. Head coach Frank Reich named Leonard the starting weakside linebacker to start the regular season in 2018, alongside Najee Goode and middle linebacker Anthony Walker Jr. He made his professional regular season debut and first career start in the Colts' season-opener against the Cincinnati Bengals and recorded nine combined tackles and recovered a fumble in their 34–23 loss. In Week 2, he collected 19 combined tackles (15 solo) and made his first career sack on Redskins' quarterback Alex Smith during a 21–9 win at the Washington Redskins. For his performance, he was named the AFC Defensive Player of the Week. The following week, Leonard recorded 13 combined tackles (nine solo) and made two sacks on Eagles' quarterback Carson Wentz in the Colts' 20–16 loss at the Philadelphia Eagles in Week 3. On October 4, 2018, after totaling 54 tackles (which led the league, and was most by a player in first four weeks of the season since 1994) and 4 sacks (leading all rookies) in September, Leonard was named the NFL Defensive Rookie of the Month. In Week 8 against the Oakland Raiders, Leonard made 9 tackles and forced a fumble on running back Doug Martin to help seal a 42-28 victory. In Week 15, Leonard broke the Colts' franchise record for most tackles by a rookie in a single season with 143, in a 23-0 win vs the Dallas Cowboys. On November 11, 2017, Leonard proposed to his girlfriend after SC State beat Hampton. Darius Leonard Darius Leonard (born July 27, 1995) is an American football linebacker for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the South Carolina State Bulldogs and was drafted in the second round of the 2018 NFL Draft by the Colts. Leonard led SCSU in tackles as a redshirt freshman in 2014, compiling 86, 14 for loss, 5 sacks, and 2 forced fumbles. He posted 70 stops the following year (2015), 13 of those for loss, with five sacks" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Jelenin svet Jelenin svet (\"Jelena's World\") is a 2008 independent documentary film written and directed by Tanja Brzaković, about former World No. 1 female tennis player, Jelena Janković. The film follows Jelena Janković over a 14-month period, and includes tennis tournaments in Madrid and Berlin, as well as her visits to her home in Belgrade. At the beginning of the documentary, Janković was ranked as third best tennis player in the world. The film follows her regime as she prepares for various meets, deals with maintaining her diet, trains, meets with fans, and begins her matches. When the film premiered in Belgrade on November 12, 2008, it outsold the James Bond film \"Quantum of Solace\" which opened there that same weekend, bumping the Bond film to second place in the Serbian box office. In speaking about the film, \"Politika\" made note that full-length theatrically released documentary films about Serbian athletes are rare. They appreciated that \"Jelenin svet\" celebrated the efforts of one of the best among the best in the world, and that the film was able to document Jelena Janković's rise from third-best to world's best. They wrote that the film is dynamic, witty and cheerful in its portrait of Janković, and that it allows viewers to better understand the subject of the film. Jelenin svet Jelenin svet (\"Jelena's World\") is a 2008 independent documentary film written and directed by Tanja Brzaković, about former World No. 1 female tennis player, Jelena Janković. The film follows Jelena Janković over a 14-month period, and includes tennis tournaments in Madrid and Berlin, as well as her visits to her home in Belgrade. At the beginning of the documentary, Janković was ranked as third best tennis player in the world. The film follows her regime as she prepares for various meets, deals with" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "No Sail No Sail is a cartoon produced by The Walt Disney Company in 1945, featuring Donald Duck and Goofy. It follows Donald and Goofy after finding themselves stranded at sea and the crazy ways they try to survive. Goofy and Donald are at a marina where they hire a \"U-Drive Sail Boat\". After Donald boards, Goofy follows but stops partway along to untie the boat. After Goofy gets on board, Donald inspects the sail mechanism. Aware of Goofy's intentions, the seagull migrates from Donald's head to Goofy's just as Goofy brings the club down on Donald's head. Upon realising where the bird is now, Goofy hands a dazed and angry Donald the club and is promptly hit on the head when the seagull changes sides again. Donald then grabs the club and begins repeatedly hitting Goofy on the head, however Goofy is distracted by the bird flying away. Donald stops to inspect the damage but is surprised when he sees his beating Goofy has left lumps on the club. As the hook swings past Donald it hooks itself onto his shirt, sending Donald circling over an oblivious Goofy's head. Goofy then casts the line far out from the boat, and as Donald sails over the water he is followed by two sharks. After falling underwater, Donald finds himself face-to-face with a shark, but after frantically swimming away from it he finds himself in the mouth of another shark, which he promptly swims out of and away from. But while Donald is fighting the sharks, Goofy is busy trying to untangle his fishing line but is getting it progressively even \"more\" tangled. Donald is only rescued when the sharks he is holding take off, spinning Goofy around the boat several times and prompting him to reel in, only to find instead of a fish at the end of his line, Donald, almost similar to how \"On Ice\", and Goofy complies, however he accidentally drops him bill-first into the sail's coin slot, which sends the mast shooting out and folding into place. The short can be found on \"Walt Disney Treasures: The Chronological Donald, Volume Two\" disc 2 and on the \"Walt Disney's Classic Cartoon Favorites Extreme Adventure Fun\" Volume 7. No Sail No Sail is a cartoon produced by The Walt Disney Company in 1945, featuring Donald Duck and Goofy. It follows Donald and Goofy after finding themselves stranded at" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Liga Profesionistă de Fotbal The Liga Profesionistă de Fotbal (\"Professional Football League\"), also known by its acronym LPF, is a Romanian governing body that runs the Liga I, the top professional division of the Romanian football league system. Its current president is Gino Iorgulescu, elected in 2013 and re-elected in 2017. The football club's organisation formula was originally \"A Divisionary College\" (\"\"Colegiul Divizionar A\"\") when it was founded on 5 October 1970. It was then led by Mircea Angelescu. Until 1990, the \"A Divisionary College\" was formal without remarkable decisions. After 90's have started a lot of changes reflected by often organizations renames like \"A Divisional Team's League\", \"National Football League\", \"Professional Club's League\", etc. On 10 October 1992, the organisation's name became \"Professional Football A Division League\". Then, on 22 January 1993, the name of organization became \"Professional Football League of Romania\", an A Division professional football clubs representation. On 30 September 1996, Dumitru Dragomir was elected as president of \"Professional Football League of Romania\". The headquarters is established on 47 Mihai Eminescu Street (February 1997). It was decided that the league will organize the A Division Championship starting with 1997-1998 edition. On October 2000, Dumitru Dragomir was re-elected. On November 2005, Dumitru Dragomir has been re-elected as the president of the organisation. On November 2013, Gino Iorgulescu won the election. On October 2017, Gino Iorgulescu has been re-elected as the president of the organisation. Liga Profesionistă de Fotbal The Liga Profesionistă de Fotbal (\"Professional Football League\"), also known by its acronym LPF, is a Romanian governing body that runs the Liga I, the top professional division of the Romanian football league system. Its current president is Gino Iorgulescu, elected in 2013 and re-elected in 2017. The football club's organisation formula was originally \"A Divisionary College\" (\"\"Colegiul Divizionar A\"\")" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Coquillettidia perturbans Coquillettidia perturbans is a species of mosquito that have been documented in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. This mosquito is a known as a vector of West Nile virus and Eastern equine encephalomyelitis. The geographic range of \"C. perturbans\" is increasing due to the growing extensity of the feeding area and disease transmission of this species. They are known to exist throughout the United States, mainly with a southern distribution, and are mammalophilic. \"Coquillettidia\" sp. are vectors for many diseases, including West Nile virus, and Eastern equine encephalomyelitis, among others. \"C. perturbans\" infected with Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (or EEE) have been discovered in the United States, eastern Canada, the Caribbean, and Latin America. This mosquito is implicated in transmitting EEE to humans, horses, resident birds, and sometimes emus, and also transmitting the John Cunningham virus while feeding on deer. Though \"C. perturbans\" are not usually the primary vector of EEE, it still influences the spread of this disease due to its ability to fly long distances and feed on large animals, including humans. The climate where this disease transmission takes place most often can be defined as swamp and/or hardwood forest habitat. \"Coquillettidia perturbans\" are small flies that are characterized by slender bodies, long legs, and can range from 2.0 mm to (10.0–15.0 mm) in length. The body of this species contains three segments consisting of a head, thorax, and abdomen. The prominent identifying characteristics of \"C. perturbans\" consist of: dark and light scales of the legs in an alternating pattern, the sides of the thorax covered with groups of or scale bristles, while the scales of the wings and palps can be defined as tear-drop in shape and located around the veins and outer edges of the wings, alternating in color. General characteristics of \"C. perturbans\" include, but are not limited to: a small head, wedge-shaped thorax, elongated and slim wings, a lengthened and almost cylindrical abdomen, plumose antennae in males and pilose antennae in females, along with a long and slender proboscis, enabling this species with a piercing and sucking apparatus in order to obtain blood meals. The larva and pupa of \"C. perturbans\" are small and contain a siphon modified for respiration through underwater, aquatic plant life. \"Coquillettidia perturbans\" are most commonly found in areas of low elevation and high vegetation that have warm summers and a high degree of humidity in the air. This allows for the swamp-like habitat to exist for the growth of cattails (\"Typha latifolia\") and also \"Juncus\" sp. \"C. perturbans\" prefer in order for prime larval and pupal development to occur. The water quality of the area also plays an important factor for the \"Coquillettidia\" sp.: the water must not have current, it also must have a neutral pH, low salt concentration, and a low level of suspended particle matter. The distribution of this species is growing due to the growing area of feeding range, and disease transmission experienced. \"Coquillettidia perturbans\" lay their eggs in the form of an egg raft in a marsh or swamp habitat. This raft usually contains around 100 eggs, which generally hatch after several days depending on the temperature of the environment. The larvae and pupae are adapted with an abdominal segment capable of piercing the inner gaseous tissue of the aquatic plant life, or aerenchyma, located within this environment, such as cattails (\"Typha latifolia\") and \"Juncus\" sp. This piercing allows access to the root epidermal cell layer of the plant, or the aerenchyma, in order to breathe, allowing the larvae and pupae to complete atmospheric oxygen uptake exclusive of the risk of being located near the surface of the water, as to avoid predators and insecticides. \"C. perturbans\" complete four aquatic larval instars while pupal development ranges from a few hours to a few weeks depending on the climate present. If the climate consists of cold weather, this could lengthen the larval period several months. The pupal stage can range from a few hours to several weeks, depending on the climate of the environment. Approximately twenty-four hours after the adult is released from the pupal case, the wings have completed the hardening process and are fully expanded, enabling it to fly. The life cycle takes around seven to sixteen days to complete, and the \"C. perturbans\" can live up to five or six months if the hibernation stage takes place. Coquillettidia perturbans Coquillettidia perturbans is a species of mosquito that have been documented in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. This mosquito is a known as a vector of West Nile virus and Eastern equine encephalomyelitis. The geographic range of \"C. perturbans\" is increasing due to the growing extensity of the feeding area and disease transmission of this species. They are known to exist throughout the United" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "If You Were Still Around \"If You Were Still Around\" is a song by Welsh musician and composer John Cale. It was written by John Cale together with playwright Sam Shepard. It was originally released on Cale's 1982 album \"Music for a New Society\". On 27 October 2014, a year after the death of his The Velvet Underground–bandmate Lou Reed, Cale released a new version of this song. For this version was also released music video directed by Abigail Portner. At the beginning of the video Cale is lying on the floor in a fetal position and after he views the photos of Reed and other deceased people associated with the Velvet Underground and The Factory: Sterling Morrison, Nico, Andy Warhol, and Edie Sedgwick. In 2016, Cale released \"M:FANS\", a re-recording of the \"Music for a New Society\" album. \"M:FANS\" includes two versions of \"If You Were Still Around.\" One version retains the original title of the song, while the version titled \"If You Were Still Around (Choir Reprise)\" is the version of the song previously released in 2014. If You Were Still Around \"If You Were Still Around\" is a song by Welsh musician and composer John Cale. It" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "High Council of Justice (Georgia, country) = High Council of Justice of Georgia = The High Council of Justice of Georgia is the supreme oversight body in charge of regulating the judiciary in the Republic of Georgia. It consists of 15 members, and is chaired by the chairperson of the Supreme Court of Georgia, and administered in significant part by the Secretary of the High Council of Justice. The institution consists, as of 2017, of 15 members. The head of the legal committee of the Parliament of Georgia is an ex-officio member of the High Council. Another five members come from the parliament, one is appointed by the President of Georgia, and eight members are elected by the self-governing body of judges. Except for the ex-officio chairperson, members serve for four years. Members can serve for one four-year term only. The HCoJ's tasks, as described on the HCoJ website include the \"appointment and dismissal of judges, organization of judicial qualification examinations, elaboration of judicial reform proposals, and performance of other tasks envisaged by the Law.\" Key decisions, including those on disciplinary measures against judges, and on appointing new judges, require a two third majority of its members to vote in favour. As the main regulating body, the HCoJ is the subject of particular attention in discussions on judicial reform and the overall independence of the judiciary. High Council of Justice (Georgia, country) = High Council of Justice of Georgia = The High Council of Justice of Georgia is the supreme oversight body in charge of regulating the judiciary in the Republic of Georgia. It consists of 15 members, and is chaired by the chairperson of the Supreme Court of Georgia, and administered in significant part by the Secretary of the High Council of Justice. The institution consists, as of 2017," ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Hunfrid, Margrave of Istria Hunfrid () was the Margrave of Istria and, according to some sources, Duke of Friuli from 799 to 804, when a Duke John was ruling Istria. He was the founder of the family called the Hunfridings. Hunfrid first appears in Istria as \"marchio\" in 799, the same year that Eric of Friuli died. He was probably an Aleman, although the historian of early medieval Raetia, Elizabeth Meyer-Marthaler, considered him of Frankish origin. He was the count of Rhaetia in 806 and 808. A record of his presiding over a public court at Rankweil survives in his capacity as count of Rhaeta (\"Reciarum comis\") survives. He interrogated witnesses, ordered boundaries of a disputed property walked out, ordered judges (\"scabini\") to make a finding and issued a verdict in writing. The surviving record describes him as a \"vir inluster\". Based on his presence in a list of personages in the \"libri memoriales\" of Reichenau and Sankt Gallen, he is presumed to have married Hitta (Hidda), an Udalriching and probably the niece or granddaughter of Gerold of Vinzgouw and thus a cousin or niece of Hunfrid's predecessor in Italy, Eric. Based on the same memorial books, he is probably the father of Adalbert, his successor in Rhaetia, Odalric, who became Count of Barcelona in another part of the Empire, and Hunfrid II, who became \"dux super Redicam\" (duke over Rhaetia) and father of the later Hunfriding Dukes of Swabia. Hunfrid, Margrave of Istria Hunfrid () was the Margrave of Istria and, according to some sources, Duke of Friuli from 799 to 804, when a Duke John was ruling Istria. He was the founder of the family called the Hunfridings. Hunfrid first appears in Istria as \"marchio\" in 799, the same year that Eric of Friuli died. He was probably" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Order of Maternal Glory The Order of Maternal Glory () was a Soviet civilian award created on 8 July 1944 by Joseph Stalin and established with a decision of the Presidium of Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Its status was confirmed by the Soviet's decision of 18 August 1944 and later modified by 16 September 1947, 28 May 1973 and 28 May 1980 decisions. It was awarded on behalf of the Presidium of Supreme Soviet of the USSR through decrees of local Soviet presidencies. The order was divided into three classes: first, second and third class. It was conferred to: The order was conferred upon the first birthday of the last child, provided that the other children necessary to reach the qualifying number (natural or adopted) remained alive. Children who had perished under heroic, military or other respectful circumstances, including occupational diseases, were also counted. The award was created simultaneously with the Mother Heroine () order and the Maternity Medal () and it was situated in between them. The author of the art project was the painter Goznaka. The first decree for bestowing the award was issued on 6 December 1944, when the first class order was conferred to 21 women, the second class to 26 and the third class to 27. In total the order was awarded in the first class to 753,000 women, 1,508,000 received the second class award and 2,786,000 received the third class award. First class medals were totally silver made in a convex egg-shape. They were high and wide. In the upper part of the medal contained a red enamel flag with the phrase (Maternal Glory) and the Roman number showing the order's class. Below the flag, there was a white enamel shield with the (USSR) inscription. The upper part of the shield was decorated with a five-pointed star and the lower part with the hammer and sickle symbol. On the left side, there was a figure of a mother holding a son in her arms covered with roses on her lowest part. The lower part of the medal contains a flag and gilded lettering. In second class medals, the flag's enamel was dark-blue and there were not gilded parts while in the third class ones enamel disappeared from the flag, shield and star. The back of the medals was in white enamel. First class medals were suspended to a single light-blue fringe while second class had two light-blue fringes and third class three of them. Order of Maternal Glory The Order of Maternal Glory () was a Soviet civilian award created on 8 July 1944 by Joseph Stalin and established with a decision of the Presidium of Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Its status was confirmed by the Soviet's decision of 18 August 1944 and later modified by 16 September 1947, 28 May 1973 and 28 May 1980 decisions. It was awarded on behalf of the Presidium of Supreme Soviet of the USSR through decrees of local Soviet presidencies. The order was divided into" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "2010 Copa Colombia The 2010 Copa Colombia, officially the 2010 Copa Postobón for sponsorship reasons, was the eighth edition of the Copa Colombia, the national cup competition for clubs of DIMAYOR. It began on February 24 and ended on November 3. The winner, Deportivo Cali, earned a berth in the 2011 Copa Sudamericana. The format for 2010 differs from last year's. A total of 16 teams (instead of 12), which include the group winners, runners-up, and the four best third-placed teams, advance from the first phase to the second phase. Group A comprises teams from the Caribbean Region. Group B comprises teams from the Paisa Region. Group C comprises teams from Santander, Norte de Santander, and Boyacá. Group D comprises teams from Bogotá and Villavicencio. Group E comprises teams from the Pacific Region. Group F comprises teams from Cundinamarca and the western part of the country. In all tables, Team #2 played the second leg at home. First legs: August 18 and 19; Second legs: August 25. First legs: September 8, 15 and 16; Second legs: September 22, 23 and 29. First legs: October 6; Second legs: October 13. \"Deportivo Cali won on points 6–0 2010 Copa Colombia The 2010" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Mount Morris, Pennsylvania Mount Morris is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Greene County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located in Perry Township, near I-79. As of the 2010 census the population was 737. Mount Morris is located at (39.733135, -80.067842), on Interstate 79 near the West Virginia state line. Its elevation is above sea level. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which , or 0.27%, are water. High Point Raceway, a motocross track, is located east of Mount Morris. The track hosts races in the AMA Motocross Championships series, including the High Point Nationals held each Father's Day weekend. Also known for having authentic Native American trails. Mount Morris, Pennsylvania Mount Morris is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Greene County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located in Perry Township, near I-79. As of the 2010 census the population was 737. Mount Morris is located at (39.733135, -80.067842), on Interstate 79 near the West Virginia state line. Its elevation is above sea level. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which , or 0.27%, are water. High Point" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "B3 (stock exchange) The B3 (in full, \"B3 - Brasil Bolsa Balcão S.A. or B3 - Brazil, Stock Exchange and Over-the-Counter Market)\", formerly BM&FBOVESPA, is a Stock Exchange located at São Paulo, Brazil and the second oldest of the country. At the end of 2011 it had a market capitalization of R$2.37 Trillion, making it the 13th largest stock exchange in the world. However, owing the slump in economic growth in Brazil associated with political problems, in addition to the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar vis-à-vis the Brazilian Real, the capitalization shrank to R$2.21 trillion by the end of 2015. On May 8, 2008, the São Paulo Stock Exchange (Bovespa) and the Brazilian Mercantile and Futures Exchange (BM&F) merged, creating \"BM&FBOVESPA\". Then at March 30, 2017, BM&FBOVESPA merged with CETIP, creating \"B3.\" The benchmark indicator of B3 is the Índice Bovespa or commonly known as Ibovespa. There were 381 companies traded at Bovespa as of April 30, 2008. On May 20, 2008 the Ibovespa index reached its 10th consecutive record mark closing at 73,516 points, with a traded volume of US$4.2 billion or R$7.4 billion, and on August 17, 2011 the Ibovespa made its biggest traded volume in its history, with a volume of US$14.8 billion or R$23.7 billion. B3 also has offices in Rio de Janeiro, New York City, Shanghai, and London. Founded on August 23, 1890 by Emilio Rangel Pestana, the \"Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo\" (São Paulo Stock Exchange, in English) has had a long history of services provided to the stock market and the Brazilian economy. Until the mid-1960s, Bovespa and the other Brazilian stock markets were state-owned companies, tied with the Secretary of Finances of the states they belonged to, and brokers were appointed by the government. After the reforms of the national financial system and the stock market implemented in 1965/1966, Brazilian stock markets assumed a more institutional role. In 2007, the Exchange demutualized and became a for-profit company. Through self-regulation, Bovespa operates under the supervision of the Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM), analogous to the American SEC. Since the 1960s, it has constantly evolved with the help of technology such as the introduction of computer-based systems, mobile phones and the internet. In 1972, Bovespa was the first Brazilian stock market to implement an automated system for the dissemination of information online and in real-time, through an ample network of computer terminals. At the end of the 1970s, Bovespa also introduced a telephone trading system in Brazil; the \"Sistema Privado de Operações por Telefone\" or \"SPOT\" (Private System of Telephone Trading, in English). At the same time, Bovespa developed a system of fungible safekeeping and online services for brokerage firms. In 1990, the negotiations through the \"Sistema de Negociação Electrônica\" - CATS (Computer Assisted Trading System) was simultaneously operated with the traditional system of \"Pregão Viva Voz\" (open outcry). Currently, BM&FBOVESPA is a fully electronic exchange. In 1997, a new system of electronic trading, known as the Mega Bolsa, was implemented successfully. The Mega Bolsa extends the potential volume of processing of information and allows the Exchange to increase its overall volume of activities. With the goal to increase popular access to the stock markets, Bovespa introduced in 1999 the \"Home Broker\", an internet-based trading systems that allows individual investors to trade stocks. The system enables users to execute buy and sell orders online. In 2000, Bovespa created three new listing segments, the Novo Mercado (New Market), Level 2 and Level 1 of Corporate Governance Standards, allowing companies to accede voluntarily to more demanding disclosure, governance and compliance obligations. The new listing segments mostly languished until 2004, when a growing number of newly public companies began to list on the Novo Mercado and other segments as part of a capital-raising effort. From 2004 to 2010, the vast majority of new listings on the Bovespa were made by Novo Mercado, Level 2 and Level 1 companies. The Novo Mercado, Level 2 and Level 1 segments are based on a contractual agreement of the listed company, its controlling shareholder, and its management to comply with specified regulations. In addition, listed companies must submit to arbitration as a method of resolving disputes. The set of protections entailed by a Novo Mercado listing is apparently deemed by market participants to increase the attractiveness of companies. The stock market index of Novo Mercado listed companies (the IGC) has consistently outperformed the broader Ibovespa index since its launch. The recent success of the Brazilian equity capital markets is attributed to a significant extent to the credibility engendered by the Novo Mercado regulations. In 2007, only the United States and China equity markets had a greater number of initial public offerings. The availability of a \"market exit\" has also encouraged the development of a private equity industry, a growing Brazilian investment banking market and a thriving asset management industry. Another side benefit of a thriving equity market has been access to equity financing for the international expansion of Brazilian business. Brazilian multinational companies have used the proceeds of equity offerings to fund a growing number of international acquisitions. Vale, Embraer, Gerdau, Brazil Foods, Marfrig Alimentos and JBS have acquired businesses outside Brazil using the proceeds from equity offerings. Attractive valuations of Brazilian subsidiaries have led international companies to list their Brazilian subsidiaries, as was the case of Banco Santander Brasil. On May 8, 2008, Bovespa Holding announced the merger of the São Paulo Stock Exchange (Bovespa) and the Brazilian Mercantile and Futures Exchange (BM&F), creating the world's second largest stock exchange. As a result of an early 2008 stock swap, Chicago's CME Group owns a 5% stake in BM&FBovespa, and in turn, BM&FBovespa owns a 5% stake in CME Group. The agreement has also created an order routing trading system between both exchanges. On June 18, 2012, BM&FBovespa became a founding member of the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges initiative on the eve of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20). On June 16, 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission of Brazil has approved the change to the corporate name of BM&FBOVESPA S.A. – Bolsa de Valores, Mercadorias e Futuros to B3 S.A. – Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão, which must be used in all formal communications and references to the Company. The merger of Cetip S.A. – Mercados Organizados into B3 S.A. – Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão was approved both at the Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting held on June 14, 2017 and by CVM, and that the action shall occur on July 03, 2017. The exchange has a pre-market session from 09:45am to 10:00am, a normal trading session from 10:00am to 5:30pm and a post-market session from 6:00pm to 7:30pm weekdays and holidays declared by the Exchange in advance. In the cash market, tickers are composed by four letters, a number, and a suffix in some cases. The letters stand for the listed company and the number disclosed the equity type, as follows: 11 and onward, codes may represent many situations, most commonly units (UNT, a certificate meshing different equities together. For instance, SULA11 is a unit comprising one common stock and two preferred stocks issued by Sul América S.A.), exchange-traded funds, real estate investment funds (known as FII, REIT in English) and Brazilian Depositary Receipts (BDRs). Nevertheless, they may state other conditions, as debenture subscription rights, special situations, and so on. It is important to note that \"classified\" preferred stocks (A, B, C, D and furthermore) do not have an implicit meaning, i.e., each issuer may attribute different rights and restrictions for a given class. This means it is", "The letters stand for the listed company and the number disclosed the equity type, as follows: 11 and onward, codes may represent many situations, most commonly units (UNT, a certificate meshing different equities together. For instance, SULA11 is a unit comprising one common stock and two preferred stocks issued by Sul América S.A.), exchange-traded funds, real estate investment funds (known as FII, REIT in English) and Brazilian Depositary Receipts (BDRs). Nevertheless, they may state other conditions, as debenture subscription rights, special situations, and so on. It is important to note that \"classified\" preferred stocks (A, B, C, D and furthermore) do not have an implicit meaning, i.e., each issuer may attribute different rights and restrictions for a given class. This means it is mandatory to learn individually their characteristics as they are not directly comparable among companies. The suffix B after the ticker means the equity is traded at the over the counter (OTC) market. Here are some examples: VALE5 = Vale PNA shares CSNA3 = Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional common shares CTNM4 = Companhia de Tecidos Norte de Minas - Coteminas preferred shares ABCB2 = Banco ABC Brasil preferred shares subscription rights ETER9 = Eternit S.A. ordinary shares receipts SANB11 = Banco Santander Brasil units FAMB11B = Fundo de Investimento Imobiliário Ed. Almirante Barroso, OTC MILA11 = iShares MidLarge Cap ETF AVON11B = Avon Products, Inc. BDRs, OTC Ex rights conditions are indicated in the equity trade name as a suffix composed by the letter E (for ex condition) and a letter or a combination of letters depending on the corporate actions involved: Trade names may carry another symbols depending on their corporate governance. BM&FBOVESPA has four distinctive listing segments for companies that agree to undertake voluntary corporate rules on each segment: Equities' trade names are composed by the issuer's name, brand name or abbreviation (as it is limited to 12 characters), equity type, corporate governance level when pertinent and ex rights indication when appropriate. Here are some examples (please note some equities listed here, such as subscription rights, do not exist anymore due to its own finite nature. The same apply to ex rights indication by the same reason): BOVESPA calculates and discloses several indexes: IBOVESPA: Total return index comprising the most representative companies in the market, both by market cap and traded volume. It is the benchmark index of São Paulo Stock Exchange. It is the oldest BOVESPA index, and it is being broadcast since 1968. IBRX 50: Also called Brasil 50, it comprises the 50 most traded equities at BOVESPA. IBRX: It has the same purpose of IBRX 50, but embracing the 100 most traded equities. IBRA: Brazil Broad-Based Index, it comprises a wider range of companies, aiming to embrace 99% of all companies already selected for any other exchange indexes. Its main goal is to represent the most relevant companies in the stock exchange. MLCX: The Midlarge Cap Index shows the performance of the most relevant companies at the exchange, responding for at least 85% its total market value. SMLL: The Small Cap Index comprises relevant companies who don't apply for the MLCX listing, i.e., heavily traded companies which does not fill the 85% market share criteria. IVBX: It was conceived as an index to trail the 2nd tier companies, defined as those which trading ranking is from 11th and beneath, therefore not to be classified as blue chips. Nevertheless, most of its members are highly relevant companies, needing to comply with high traded volume and market capitalization. IDIV: The Dividend Yield index, it comprises companies which show the highest dividend yields values in the market, along with a strong trading session participation. IEE: Electric Power Index INDX: Industrial Index ICON: Consumption Index IMOB: Real estate Index IFNC: Financial Index (comprising banks, credit card processors, insurance companies, etc.) IMAT: Basic Materials Index (representing raw materials, pulp & paper, packaging, steel, etc.) UTIL: Public Utilities Index (electric power, water & sewage, gas, etc.) IGC: Corporate Governance Index comprises all companies listed in any of the distinctive governance levels, irrespectively of its market cap. IGCT: Corporate Governance Trade index filters the IGC components by trading liquidity. IGNM: The New Market Index congregates all listed companies in the New Market portion of the BOVESPA. ITAG: The Tag Along Index is composed of equities that offer to his bearer privileged tag along rights compared to those granted by Brazilian law and a minimum trading volume. ICO2: Efficient Carbon Index is granted to companies who complies with efficient efforts to control greenhouse gas emissions and are eligible for IBRX 50. ISE: Corporate Sustaintability Index is comparable to the Dow Jones Sustainability Index, to join companies tied to environmental, social and accountability goals. IFIX: Real State Investment Funds measure the listed REIT's return at BOVESPA. Unlike other indexes, it can be composed of OTC equities. BDRX: Unsponsored Brazilian Depositary Receipt Index reflects the valuation of those equities which are not freely distributed at the stock exchange but limited to qualified investors, as defined by Brazilian regulations. B3 (stock exchange) The B3 (in full, \"B3 - Brasil Bolsa Balcão S.A. or B3 - Brazil, Stock Exchange and Over-the-Counter Market)\", formerly BM&FBOVESPA, is a Stock Exchange located at São" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Local zeta-function In number theory, the local zeta function formula_1 (sometimes called the congruent zeta function) is defined as where formula_3 is the number of points of formula_4 defined over the degree formula_5 extension formula_6 of formula_7, and formula_4 is a non-singular formula_9-dimensional projective algebraic variety over the field formula_7 with formula_11 elements. By the variable transformation formula_12, then it is defined by as the formal power series of the variable formula_14. Equivalently, the local zeta function sometimes is defined as follows: In other word, the local zeta function formula_17 with coefficients in the finite field formula_7 is defined as a function whose logarithmic derivative generates the numbers formula_3 of the solutions of equation, defining formula_4, in the \"m\" degree extension formula_6. Given a finite field \"F\", there is, up to isomorphism, just one field \"F\" with for \"k\" = 1, 2, ... . Given a set of polynomial equations — or an algebraic variety \"V\" — defined over \"F\", we can count the number of solutions in \"F\" and create the generating function The correct definition for \"Z\"(\"t\") is to make log \"Z\" equal to \"G\", and so we will have \"Z\"(0) = 1 since \"G\"(0) = 0, and \"Z\"(\"t\") is \"a priori\" a formal power series. Note that the logarithmic derivative equals the generating function For example, assume all the \"N\" are 1; this happens for example if we start with an equation like \"X\" = 0, so that geometrically we are taking \"V\" a point. Then is the expansion of a logarithm (for |\"t\"| < 1). In this case we have To take something more interesting, let \"V\" be the projective line over \"F\". If \"F\" has \"q\" elements, then this has \"q\" + 1 points, including as we must the one point at infinity. Therefore, we shall have and for |\"t\"| small enough. In this case we have The first study of these functions was in the 1923 dissertation of Emil Artin. He obtained results for the case of hyperelliptic curve, and conjectured the further main points of the theory as applied to curves. The theory was then developed by F. K. Schmidt and Helmut Hasse. The earliest known non-trivial cases of local zeta-functions were implicit in Carl Friedrich Gauss's \"Disquisitiones Arithmeticae\", article 358; there certain particular examples of elliptic curves over finite fields having complex multiplication have their points counted by means of cyclotomy. For the definition and some examples, see also. The relationship between the definitions of \"G\" and \"Z\" can be explained in a number of ways. (See for example the infinite product formula for \"Z\" below.) In practice it makes \"Z\" a rational function of \"t\", something that is interesting even in the case of \"V\" an elliptic curve over finite field. It is the functions \"Z\" that are designed to multiply, to get global zeta functions. Those involve different finite fields (for example the whole family of fields Z/\"p\"Z as \"p\" runs over all prime numbers). In that connection, the variable \"t\" undergoes substitution by \"p\", where \"s\" is the complex variable traditionally used in Dirichlet series. (For details see Hasse-Weil zeta-function.) With that understanding, the products of the \"Z\" in the two cases used as examples come out as formula_33 and formula_34. For projective curves \"C\" over \"F\" that are non-singular, it can be shown that with \"P\"(\"t\") a polynomial, of degree 2\"g\" where \"g\" is the genus of \"C\". Rewriting the Riemann hypothesis for curves over finite fields states For example, for the elliptic curve case there are two roots, and it is easy to show the absolute values of the roots are \"q\". Hasse's theorem is that they have the same absolute value; and this has immediate consequences for the number of points. André Weil proved this for the general case, around 1940 (\"Comptes Rendus\" note, April 1940): he spent much time in the years after that writing up the algebraic geometry involved. This led him to the general Weil conjectures, Alexander Grothendieck developed the scheme theory for the sake of resolving it and finally, Pierre Deligne had proved a generation later. See étale cohomology for the basic formulae of the general theory. It is a consequence of the Lefschetz trace formula for the Frobenius morphism that Here formula_39 is a separated scheme of finite type over the finite field \"F\" with formula_11 elements, and Frob is the geometric Frobenius acting on formula_41-adic étale cohomology with compact supports of formula_42, the lift of formula_39 to the algebraic closure of the field \"F\". This shows that the zeta function is a rational function of formula_44. An infinite product formula for formula_45 is Here, the product ranges over all closed points \"x\" of \"X\" and deg(\"x\") is the degree of \"x\". The local zeta function \"Z(X, t)\" is viewed as a function of the complex variable \"s\" via the change of variables \"q\". In the case where \"X\" is the variety \"V\" discussed above, the closed points are the equivalence classes \"x=[P]\" of points \"P\" on formula_47, where two points are equivalent if they are conjugates over \"F\". The degree of \"x\" is the degree of the field extension of \"F\" generated by the coordinates of \"P\". The logarithmic derivative of the infinite product \"Z(X, t)\" is easily seen to be the generating function discussed above, namely Local zeta-function In number theory, the local zeta function formula_1 (sometimes called the" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "William Alexander Greenhill William Alexander Greenhill (1 January 1814, Stationers' Hall, London – 19 September 1894, Hastings) was an English physician, literary editor and sanitary reformer. William Alexander Greenhill was the youngest of three sons of George Greenhill, treasurer of the Stationers' Company. He was educated at Rugby School under Thomas Arnold: a favourite pupil of Arnold, he later married Arnold's niece Laura Ward. At Rugby he befriended A. H. Clough, W. C. Lake, A. P. Stanley and C. J. Vaughan; he went on to Trinity College, Oxford, where he took no arts degree but (studying medicine at the Radcliffe Infirmary and Paris) graduated M.B. in 1839 and M.D. in 1840. Greenhill was appointed physician to the Radcliffe Infirmary in 1839. A \"pioneer in the cause of sanitary reform, in the days when sanitary reform was thought a crazy fanaticism\", he first wrote on Oxford's public health and mortality for the Ashmolean Society, after a cholera outbreak in Oxford. In 1840 he hosted Richard Francis Burton in his house, encouraging the young student to study the Arabic by introducing him to the Spanish scholar Don Pascual de Gayangos. At the time Greenhill, who lived in John Henry Newman's parish, was serving as Newman's churchwarden; he came to know Pusey, and other leaders of the Oxford Movement. Other Oxford academic friends included Charles Page Eden, William John Copeland, Charles Marriott, J. B. Morris and James Bowling Mozley. A political liberal, Greenhill actively supported William Ewart Gladstone's election as MP for the university in 1847. Like other university liberals, however, he was later discomfited by Gladstone's direction in the 1880s: he did not vote liberal in 1885 (fearing disestablishment of the Church of England) or 1886 (objecting to the Home Rule programme.) In 1851 Greenhill resigned his Radcliffe Infirmary post and briefly attempted practice as an Oxford physician. However, he moved later that year to Hastings on grounds of health, though he may also have wanted to escape Oxford's febrile religious controversies. For many years he was physician to the St. Leonards and East Sussex Infirmary. His investigations of mortality rates in Hastings showed the insanitary conditions of artisan housing, despite the town's new popularity as a health resort. In 1857 he founded the Hastings Cottage Improvement Society, and was its secretary from 1857 to 1891: this company bought up and improved insanitary accommodation, as well as building new housing of a better standard. The venture's success prompted Greenhill to promote the idea at the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, and establish a similar organisation in London, the London Labourers' Dwellings Society, of which he was secretary from 1862 to 1876. On Gladstone's recommendation, Greenhill was granted a civil list pension of £60 in 1881. At the time of his death at The Croft, Hastings, aged 81, Greenhill had outlived his wife and his eldest daughter and son, who had each died young; one son and one daughter survived him. Greenhill's interest in Arabic and Greek medical writers resulted in a Greek and Latin edition of Theophilus, a Latin edition of Thomas Sydenham (1844), an English translation from the Arabic of Rhazes on small-pox, and a large number of articles in William Smith's \"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities\". In the mid-1840s he published anonymous memoirs of James Stonhouse, Thomas Harrison Burder and George Cheyne, and edited material on physicians' social duties by Jacob Horst, Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland, and Thomas Gisbourne. Greenhill was an enthusiast for Sir Thomas Browne, and his 1881 edition of \"Religio Medici\" for Macmillan's 'Golden Treasury' series was praised for its scholarship, becoming a standard edition of the book. His edition of Browne's \"Hydriotaphia\" and \"Garden of Cyrus\", unfinished at his death, was completed by his friend E. H. Marshall and published in 1896. He was an editor and frequent contributor to the \"British Medical Journal\", and contributed to \"Notes and Queries\" and the \"Dictionary of National Biography\". William Alexander Greenhill William Alexander Greenhill (1 January 1814, Stationers' Hall, London – 19 September 1894, Hastings) was an English physician, literary editor and sanitary reformer. William Alexander Greenhill was the youngest of three sons of George Greenhill, treasurer of the Stationers' Company. He was educated at" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Shri Sidhi Vinayagar Temple Shri Sidhi Vinayagar Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to the Elephant God Ganesha. It opened in 2011. The temple premises has idols of Ganesha, Murugan, Shiva, Durga, Bhairava and Navagrahas. A new bigger temple is being constructed in the same premises which includes various Hindu Gods. It is situated in George Eliot Road, off Foleshill Road, Coventry CV1 4HT and is easily reachable by the local buses. Daily Poojas are performed. Coventry pillaiyar (கொவென்றி பிள்ளையார்) is yet another name for Coventry Shri Sidhi Vinayagar Devasthanam situated in the heart of England. The temple was founded by local devotees who is very much love with Lord Ganesha. The annual festival of the Temple (தேவஸ்தானம்) is conducted every year beginning with flag hoisting and continued for 10 days. Highlight of this annual event is chariots festival (தேர் திருவிழா) where Lord Ganesha is taken on a beautifully decorated cart pulled by devotees around designated streets of Coventry. The Hindhu Art College, a wing of Temple Devasthanam, conducts a regular art and Language classes. They also host various community cultural events and attract all communities. Shri Sidhi Vinayagar Temple Shri Sidhi Vinayagar Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Emma Fessey Emma Fessey (born 5 November 1996) is an Australian national representative rower. She is an Australian champion and was a medallist at the 2018 World Rowing Championships. Fessey was raised on a cattle and sheep property north of Brewarrina, New South Wales where her family were graziers. Her primary schooling was via the School of the Air. Her secondary education was at Loreto Normanhurst where she took up rowing. Her senior rowing club has been from the UTS Haberfield Rowing Club under coach David Gely who had also been her school coach. Her state representative debut for New South Wales came in the 2016 youth eight which contested the Bicentennial Cup at the Interstate Regatta within the Australian Rowing Championships. Senior state honours came for Fessey in 2018 in the New South Wales women's eight which placed second in the Queen's Cup at the 2018 Interstate Regatta. Fessey made her Australian representative debut to the Australian senior squad and straight into the stroke seat of the senior women's eight when they started their 2018 international campaign with a bronze medal win at the World Rowing Cup II in Linz, Austria. She then stroked the eight again to their fifth placing at the WRC III in Lucerne. Then at the 2018 World Rowing Championships in Plovdiv with Fessey again setting the pace, the Australian women's eight won their heat and placed third in the final winning the bronze medal. Emma Fessey Emma Fessey (born 5 November 1996) is an Australian national representative rower. She is an Australian champion and was a medallist at the 2018 World Rowing Championships. Fessey was raised on a cattle and sheep property north of Brewarrina, New South Wales where her family were graziers. Her primary schooling was via the School of the Air. Her" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "A.S. Fiumicino 1926 A.S. Fiumicino 1926, formerly known as Fiumicino Calcio, is an Italian football club, based in Fiumicino, a suburb of Greater Rome in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital (formerly Province of Rome). The club participated in Serie D and Eccellenza Lazio several times, but as of 2018–19 season, participating in Promozione Lazio Group C. The club also affiliated to A.S. Roma as a feeder club. Fiumicino Calcio was founded in 1926 in Fiumicino, at that time part of Rome \"comune\" as Fiumicino (XXXVII) of Circoscrizione XIV of Rome. Fiumicino \"comune\" was created in 1992. The registration number of the club was 76,297. The club was the founding member of Eccellenza Lazio, the new 6th highest level in 1991. The club played in Promozione Lazio from 1981 to 1991, at that time the 6th highest level. Eccellenza and Promozione became the 5th and 6th level in 2014, after the disestablishment of Lega Pro Seconda Divisione. Fiumicino won Eccellenza Lazio in 1993 and again 1996. The club played in Campionato Nazionale Dilettanti (Serie D) from 1993 to 1996 and again from 1996 to 1998. Fiumicino was relegated again in season, with only 20 points. The club was relegated from in 2006 and again from season in 2012. Thus, in 2012–13 season, Fiumicino had derbies with namesake Città di Fiumicino. In 2012–13 Promozione Lazio season, Città di Fiumicino finished as the 8th, and Fiumicino was relegated again as the 18th. Fiumicino became a repechage to in September 2014 to fill the vacancy left by Monterotondo. In 2015, Fiumicino merged with another minor club of the \"comune\", \"A.S.D. Isola Sacra 2011\" (namesake of Isola Sacra). The new denomination was A.S. Fiumicino 1926, with a new registration number 943,007. The club played their home matches in Stadio Pietro Desideri, on 2 Via Balsofiore, Fiumicino. The stadium was also used by Lupa Roma. The stadium had a capacity of 2,500. A.S. Fiumicino 1926 A.S. Fiumicino 1926, formerly known as Fiumicino Calcio, is an Italian football club, based in Fiumicino, a suburb of Greater Rome in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital (formerly Province of Rome). The club participated in Serie D and Eccellenza Lazio several times, but as of 2018–19 season, participating in Promozione Lazio Group C. The club also affiliated to A.S. Roma as a feeder club. Fiumicino Calcio was founded in 1926 in Fiumicino, at that time part of Rome \"comune\"" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Charles Brookfield Charles Hallam Elton Brookfield (19 May 1857 – 20 October 1913) was a British actor, author, playwright and journalist, including for \"The Saturday Review\". His most famous work for the theatre was \"The Belle of Mayfair\" (1906). Brookfield achieved success in a 20-year acting career, including with the company of Squire Bancroft at London's Haymarket Theatre in the 1880s. After he was diagnosed with tuberculosis, in 1898, Brookfield focused on writing plays and musical theatre. In his last years, he was Britain's Examiner of Plays, even though he had been criticised as biased against various playwrights and also for writing a particularly risqué comedy in 1908. Brookfield was born in London, the third child of Rev. William Henry Brookfield, curate of St. Luke's, Berwick Street and his wife, Jane Octavia Brookfield (née Elton), novelist, daughter of Sir Charles Elton, 6th Baronet and niece of Henry Hallam. Brookfield was named after his paternal grandfather, a solicitor. His mother was a close friend of Thackeray and other literary figures, and his father was a devotee of the theatre, and young Brookfield grew up used to the company of artists and celebrities. With his brother Arthur, he created \"dramatic diversions\" at home. He was educated at Westminster School, from 1871 to 1873, and over the next two years attended lectures at King's College London, while also studying French theatre and becoming a reviewer of novels for \"The Examiner\" and a member of the Savile Club at the early age of seventeen. He then entered Trinity College, Cambridge (1875–78), participating in the productions of the Amateur Dramatic Club. There he earned the Winchester Reading Prize in 1878. After this, he tried studying law but disliked it. Despite opposition from his family, Brookfield decided to try acting and made his professional stage debut in 1879 in a production of \"Still Waters Run Deep\" at the Alexandra Palace Theatre. In his first year, he appeared mostly on tour. In 1880, after a severe bout of ill health, Brookfield joined the company of Squire Bancroft at London's Haymarket Theatre, earning complimentary reviews for his performances in supporting roles. In 1884 he married actress and author Frances Mary Grogan (1857–1926), who used the stage name Ruth Francis. The couple had one child, Peter, born in 1888. Brookfield became known for witty repartee and was popular at clubs and social gatherings. His acting career ranged from pantomime and farce to Shakespeare. He starred in plays together with such stars of the day as Ellen Terry, Herbert Beerbohm Tree and the Kendals. Early in his acting career, Brookfield began to write plays, including adaptations of French plays. His \"Poet and Puppets\", a travesty of Oscar Wilde's \"Lady Windermere's Fan\", with music by Jimmy Glover, was well received at the Comedy Theatre in 1892, starring Charles Hawtrey and Lottie Venne. He also wrote \"To-day\" in 1892 and \"The Twilight of Love\" in 1893. In November 1893, he became the first actor known to portray Sherlock Holmes on stage, appearing at the Royal Court Theatre in \"Under the Clock\", a musical parody of Holmes and Watson written with Seymour Hicks, who played Watson. Lottie Venne played Hannah, a maid of all-work. The piece angered Arthur Conan Doyle. His play, \"A Woman's Reason\", which ran at the Shaftesbury Theatre in 1895, was the first of his plays to appear on Broadway, in 1896. One of Brookfield's last acting roles was in \"The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein\", as Baron Grog, with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company at the Savoy Theatre in 1897. He prepared the English adaptation of this piece, in which he bowdlerised the more risqué French version. In 1898, after nearly two decades on stage, Brookfield gave up acting when, after a severe illness, he was diagnosed with advanced tuberculosis. He then focused, despite continued bouts of ill health and periods of convalescence in Europe, on journalism and writing farcical plays and musical theatre works. In 1900, he became a Roman Catholic and later visited Downside Abbey, in Somerset, where his son became a pupil in 1901. His stage works, in addition to those mentioned above, include the farce \"The Cuckoo\", which premiered at the Avenue Theatre in London (1899), also playing on Broadway the same year at Wallack's Theatre; a comic opera, \"The Lucky Star\" (1899), written in conjunction with Adrian Ross and Aubrey Hopwood for the D'Oyly Carte; a play called \"I Pagliacci\", based on the opera, at the Savoy Theatre (1904); the comic play \"What Pamela Wanted\" at the Criterion Theatre (1905); and another comedy, \"The Lady Burglar\" at Terry's Theatre (1906). Brookfield's most successful work was the long-running Edwardian Musical Comedy, \"The Belle of Mayfair\" (1906), together with Basil Hood and Cosmo Hamilton, with music by Leslie Stuart, which also ran on Broadway beginning the same year. Another musical, the same year, was \"See-See\", with lyrics by Ross and music by Sidney Jones, at the Prince of Wales Theatre. His play \"I Pagliacci\" ran on Broadway in 1908. Brookfield's work as a journalist included several years on the staff of \"The Saturday Review\". In 1902, Edward Arnold published Brookfield's volume of \"Random Reminiscences\". He and his wife together wrote \"Mrs Brookfield and her Circle\" (1905). One of his later works, \"Dear Old Charley\", another French adaptation, was produced at the Vaudeville Theatre in 1908 starring Charles Hawtrey. Though the critics admitted that the play was funny, it \"caused a storm of controversy and became a synonym for the extremest stage naughtiness\" and was criticised as unsuitable for the stage. It therefore amazed the public, and amused \"The New York Times\", that Brookfield became the Examiner of Plays in the Lord Chamberlain's office in 1911. He also was attacked in the press as hostile to the \"New Drama\", such as Ibsen and Shaw, and also to Oscar Wilde, helping to gather evidence against Wilde in his trial of 1895. However, Brookfield ignored public criticism and performed his duties, although his health continued to fail. Brookfield succumbed to tuberculosis in 1913 at his home in London, aged 56. He is buried at Stratton on the Fosse, Somerset, in the Catholic Church. Charles Brookfield Charles Hallam Elton Brookfield (19 May 1857 – 20 October 1913) was a British actor, author, playwright and journalist, including for \"The Saturday Review\". His most famous work for the theatre was \"The Belle of Mayfair\" (1906). Brookfield achieved success in a 20-year acting career, including with the company of Squire Bancroft at London's Haymarket Theatre in the 1880s. After he was diagnosed with tuberculosis, in 1898, Brookfield focused on writing plays and musical theatre." ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Flag of Libya The flag of Libya was originally introduced in 1951, following the creation of the Kingdom of Libya. It was designed by Omar Faiek Shennib and approved by King Idris Al Senussi who comprised the UN delegation representing the regions of Cyrenaica, Fezzan and Tripolitania at UN unification discussions. The flag fell out of use in 1969, but was subsequently adopted by the National Transitional Council and anti-Gaddafi forces and effectively reinstated as the country’s national flag in article three of the Libyan Draft Constitutional Charter for the Transitional Stage issued on 3 August 2011. The flag of the Kingdom of Libya was adopted when Libya gained full independence in 1951. It consisted of a white star and crescent on a triband red-black-green design, with the central black band being twice the width of the outer bands. The design was based on the banner of the Senussi dynasty from Cyrenaica, which consisted of a black field and star and crescent design, and was later used as the flag of the region. Omar Faiek Shennib, Chief of the Royal Diwans, Vice President of the National Assembly and Minister of Defense under King Idris Al Senussi is credited in the memoirs of Adrian Pelt, UN commissioner for Libya (1949 to 1951) for the design of the original flag of Libya. According to Pelt: \"during deliberations of the Libyan National Constitutional Convention, a paper drawing of a proposed national flag was presented to the convention by Omar Faiek Shennib [distinguished member of the delegation from Cyrenaica]. The design was composed of three colors; red, black and green, with a white Crescent and Star centered in the middle black stripe. Mr. Shennib informed the delegates that this design had met the approval of His Highness Emir of Cyrenaica, King Idris Al Senussi [later to become King of Libya]. The assembly subsequently approved that design.\" This flag represented Libya from its independence in 1951 until the 1969 Libyan coup d'état. The symbolism of the star and crescent in the flag of the Kingdom of Libya was explained in an English language booklet, \"The Libyan Flag & The National Anthem\", issued by the Ministry of Information and Guidance of the Kingdom of Libya (year unknown) as follows: \"The crescent is symbolic of the beginning of the lunar month according to the Muslim calendar. It brings back to our minds the story of Hijra [migration] of our Prophet Mohammed from his home in order to spread Islam and teach the principles of right and virtue. The Star represents our smiling hope, the beauty of aim and object and the light of our belief in God, in our country, its dignity and honour which illuminate our way and puts an end to darkness.\" In 2011, interviews with Ibtisam Shennib and Amal Omar Shennib, Omar Faeik Shennib's only two remaining children, were cited as confirming Pelt's account of the origin of the flag. Ibtisam Shennib recalled the morning her father brought a draft of the flag to the breakfast table and showed it to her and her siblings, explaining the original intent behind the selection of the flag's colours and symbols. According to Omar Faiek Shennib, \"red was selected for the blood sacrificed for the freedom of Libya, black to remember the dark days that Libyans lived under the occupation of the Italians and green to represent its primary wealth, agriculture, [Libya once being referred to as the 'agricultural basket' or 'breadbasket' of the Ottoman Empire] and the future prosperity of the country. The star and crescent were placed within the black central strip of the flag as a reference to the Senussi flag and the role of King Idris in leading the country to independence\". During the Libyan Civil War against the rule of Muammar Gaddafi, the 1951–69 flag — as well as various makeshift versions without the crescent and star symbol, or without the green stripe — came back into use in areas held by the Libyan opposition and by protesters at several Libyan diplomatic missions abroad. The National Transitional Council, formed on 27 February 2011, adopted the flag previously used in the Kingdom of Libya between 1951 and 1969 as the \"emblem of the Libyan Republic\". The flag was officially defined in article three of the Libyan Draft Constitutional Charter for the Transitional Stage: The national flag shall have the following shape and dimensions: Its length shall be double its width, its shall be divided into three parallel coloured stripes, the uppermost being red, the centre black and lowest green, the black stripe shall be equal in area to the other two stripes together and shall bear in its centre a white crescent, between the two extremities of which there shall be a five‑pointed white star. On 10 March 2011, France was the first country to recognise the council as the official government of Libya, as well as the first to allow the Libyan embassy staff to raise the flag. On 21 March, the flag was flown by the Permanent Mission of Libya to the United Nations and appeared on their official website, and thereafter in late August by the Arab League and by Libya's own telecommunications authority, the Libya Telecom & Technology, on its own website. In the following months many other Libyan embassies replaced the green flag of Gaddafi with the tricolour flag. This original flag of Libya is now the only flag used by the United Nations to represent Libya, according to the following UN statement: \"Following the adoption by the General Assembly of resolution 66/1, the Permanent Mission of Libya to the United Nations formally notified the United Nations of a Declaration by the National Transitional Council of 3 August 2011 changing the official name of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to 'Libya' as well as a decision to change Libya's national flag to the original.\" All Libyan diplomatic posts, such as embassies and consulates, use the original flag of Libya. The flag of Libya is described in Article 7 of the Constitution of 7 October 1951. It was officially adopted on 24 December 1951. The passage from the constitution reads: Both the precise shade and legal construction is described in a booklet issued by the Ministry of Information and Guidance of the Kingdom of Libya in 1951. The passage reads: The name \"Libya\" was introduced during colonisation by Italy in 1934. Before 1911, the Ottoman vilayet of Tripolitania (the \"kingdom of Tripoli\") included much of the same territory as modern Libya. The short-lived Tripolitanian Republic in western Libya had its own flag, which had a light blue field and a green palm tree in the center, with a white star on top of it. It was unilaterally declared in 1918 and claimed sovereignty over the entire former vilayet, but never had full \"de facto\" governance. From 1934 to 1943, Libya was an Italian colony and adopted the flag of the Kingdom of Italy. The areas of Libya under British military administration (Cyrenaica 1942–1949 and Tripolitania 1943–1951) did not have their own flag and thus, used the Union flag of the United Kingdom. During the French Administration of the former Southern Military Territory, Fezzan-Ghadames had a red flag with a crescent and star, very similar to the flag of Turkey. During World War II, Italian Libya was occupied by France and the United Kingdom. The Cyrenaica Emirate was declared in British-occupied Cyrenaica in 1949 with the backing of the British authorities. The \"Emir of Cyrenaica\", Idris of Libya, kept the emirate's flag which derives from flag of Turkey (a white crescent and star on a black background) as his personal flag after he became king of Libya in 1951. Following the coup d'état of 1969, the flag was replaced by the Pan-Arab red-white-black tricolour of the Arab Liberation Flag, first flown after the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 (which also formed the basis of the flags of Egypt, Iraq, Syria, and Yemen). In 1972 when Libya joined the Federation of Arab Republics its flag was adopted by the country, linking it to Egypt and Syria. It featured a", "World War II, Italian Libya was occupied by France and the United Kingdom. The Cyrenaica Emirate was declared in British-occupied Cyrenaica in 1949 with the backing of the British authorities. The \"Emir of Cyrenaica\", Idris of Libya, kept the emirate's flag which derives from flag of Turkey (a white crescent and star on a black background) as his personal flag after he became king of Libya in 1951. Following the coup d'état of 1969, the flag was replaced by the Pan-Arab red-white-black tricolour of the Arab Liberation Flag, first flown after the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 (which also formed the basis of the flags of Egypt, Iraq, Syria, and Yemen). In 1972 when Libya joined the Federation of Arab Republics its flag was adopted by the country, linking it to Egypt and Syria. It featured a golden hawk (the \"Hawk of Qureish\"), holding a scroll with the Arabic name of the Federation. The flag of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya was adopted on 11 November 1977 and consisted of a green field. It was the only national flag in the world with just one colour and no design, insignia, or other details. It was chosen by Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi to symbolise his political philosophy (after his \"Green Book\"). The green colour traditionally symbolises Islam, reflecting the historical green banners of the Fatimid Caliphate. In Libya, green was also a colour traditionally used to represent the Tripolitania region. Flag of Libya The flag of Libya was originally introduced in 1951, following the creation of the Kingdom of Libya. It was designed by Omar Faiek Shennib and approved by King Idris Al Senussi who comprised the UN delegation representing the regions of Cyrenaica, Fezzan and Tripolitania at UN unification discussions. The flag" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Joseph J. Ross Joseph J. Ross (December 1842 - October 24, 1899) served as the 14th Vice President of Liberia from 1898 to 1899. He also served as Attorney General of Liberia under three separate administrations and was thrice-elected to the Senate of Liberia as a senator from Sinoe County, serving as President pro tempore of the Senate from 1892 to 1896. Born in Augusta, Georgia, his mother died while he was in infancy. He emigrated to Liberia when he was eight years old in 1839 with his grandmother on the ship \"Huma\" . He settled in Sinoe County and later apprenticed to C. L. Parsons, who later served as Chief Justice of Liberia. After serving in the Liberian militia, Ross became an attorney under future Chief Justice Zacharia B. Roberts. Ross unsuccessfully ran for the House of Representatives in Sinoe County during the 1869 elections, and was later appointed to a judgeship. In 1875, he was appointed Superintendent of Sinoe County, and was elected as a senator from Sinoe in 1878. From 1882 to 1884, he served as Attorney General in the cabinet of Presidents Anthony W. Gardiner and Alfred Francis Russell, and was reelected as senator from Sinoe County in the 1883 elections. He again served as Attorney General in the cabinet of President Hilary R. W. Johnson from 1888 to 1892. In the 1891 elections, he was elected for a third time as a senator from Sinoe County, serving as the President pro temp of the Senate. Ross was elected as vice president in the 1897 elections, serving under President William D. Coleman. He was reelected in 1899 and died in 1899. His son, Samuel Alfred Ross, later also became Vice President of Liberia. Joseph J. Ross Joseph J. Ross (December 1842 - October 24, 1899) served" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Ila-kabkabu The Amorite name Ila-kabkabu appears twice in the Assyrian King List: Arising from the two appearances of the name \"Ila-kabkabu\" within two different places of the Assyrian King List, the “kings whose fathers are known” section has often, although not universally been considered a list of Šamši-Adad I's ancestors. In keeping with this assumption, scholars have inferred that the original form of the Assyrian King List had been written among other things as an, “attempt to justify that Šamši-Adad I was a legitimate ruler of the city-state Aššur and to obscure his non-Assyrian antecedents by incorporating his ancestors into a native Assyrian genealogy.” According to this interpretation, both instances of the name would refer to the same man, Šamši-Adad I's father, whose line would have been interpolated into the list. However, the name might also refer to two distinct, though possibly related, individuals. Ila-kabkabu The Amorite name Ila-kabkabu appears twice in the Assyrian King List: Arising from the two appearances of the name \"Ila-kabkabu\" within two different places of the Assyrian King List, the “kings whose fathers are known” section has often, although not universally been considered a list of Šamši-Adad I's ancestors. In keeping with this assumption, scholars" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Teijo National Park Teijo National Park (, ) is a national park in Southwest Finland, Finland in the Perniö area of Salo municipality. The park was established on January 1, 2015 and covers an area of . It is maintained by Metsähallitus. In the National Park, there is one eutrophic fen, which is a type of mire that has almost disappeared in southern Finland. The forests are mainly young managed pine forests. The park is also home for several species of freshwater fish, nesting birds including goose, cranes, sandpipers and grouse; and mammals such as moose and deer. There are approximately of marked trails in the park, including of trails for physically disabled persons. Included in the national park are historical industrial areas, including a former iron works area in Kirjakkala. The iron works contain many log houses from the 1800s which have been renovated to their original state. Teijo National Park Teijo National Park (, ) is a national park in Southwest Finland, Finland in the Perniö area of Salo municipality. The park was established on January 1, 2015 and covers an area of . It is maintained by Metsähallitus. In the National Park, there is one eutrophic fen," ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "1991 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 22 The 1991 Tour de France was the 78th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Lyon with a prologue individual time trial on 6 July and Stage 12 occurred on 18 July with a mountainous stage from Pau. The race finished on the Champs-Élysées in Paris on 28 July. 18 July 1991 — Pau to Jaca (Spain), 19 July 1991 — Jaca (Spain) to Val-Louron, 20 July 1991 — Saint-Gaudens to Castres, 21 July 1991 — Albi to Alès, 22 July 1991 — Alès to Gap, 23 July 1991 — Gap to Alpe d'Huez, 24 July 1991 — Le Bourg-d'Oisans to Morzine, 25 July 1991 — Morzine to Aix-les-Bains, 26 July 1991 — Aix-les-Bains to Mâcon, 27 July 1991 — Lugny to Mâcon, (ITT) 28 July 1991 — Melun to Paris Champs-Élysées, 1991 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 22 The 1991 Tour de France was the 78th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Lyon with a prologue individual time trial on 6 July and Stage 12 occurred on 18 July with a mountainous stage" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Summer with Monika Summer with Monika () is a 1953 Swedish film directed by Ingmar Bergman, based on Per Anders Fogelström's 1951 novel of the same title. It was controversial abroad at the time of its first release for its frank depiction of nudity and, along with the film \"One Summer of Happiness\" from the year before, directed by Arne Mattsson, it helped to create the reputation of Sweden as a sexually liberated country. The film made a star of its lead actress, Harriet Andersson. Bergman had been intimately involved with Andersson at the time and conceived the film as a vehicle for her. The two of them would continue to work together, even after their romantic relationship had ended, in films like \"Sawdust and Tinsel\", \"Smiles of a Summer Night\", \"Through a Glass Darkly\", and \"Cries and Whispers\". The film's story begins in the bleak working-class milieu of Stockholm. Harry (Lars Ekborg) and Monika (Harriet Andersson) are both in dead end jobs when they meet. Harry is easygoing, while Monika is adventurous, but they fall in love. When Monika gets in trouble at home, Harry steals his father's boat, and he and Monika spend an idyllic summer in the Stockholm archipelago. When the end of the summer forces them to return home, it is clear that Monika is pregnant. Harry happily accepts responsibility and settles down with Monika and their child; he gets a real job and goes to night school to provide for his family. Monika, however, is unsatisfied with her role as homemaker. She yearns for excitement and adventure, a desire which finally leads her astray. Harry leaves town for work and comes home a day early to find his wife with another man. They get a divorce and Harry is left behind with custody of their daughter, June, to raise alone. Exploitation film presenter Kroger Babb purchased the US rights to the film in 1955. To increase excitement for the film, he edited it down to 62 minutes and emphasized the film's nudity. Renaming the film Monika, the Story of a Bad Girl, he provided a good deal of suggestive promotional material, including postcards featuring the nude Andersson. \"Summer with Monika\" has a 100% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes. \"Summer with Monika\" was the first Bergman film seen by Woody Allen: \"The first Bergman I ever saw was that one because there was talk in the neighborhood that there was a nude scene. This was unheard of in any American film, that level of advancement. It’s so funny to think of it that way. I saw it, and it was a very, very interesting film apart from the utterly benign nude moment. A short time after that, I just happened to see \"Sawdust and Tinsel\". I had no idea it was done by Bergman — that is, the person who’d done \"Summer with Monika\" — and it was just a fabulous movie. I was riveted in my seat by it all. I thought to myself, 'Who is this guy?'” Summer with Monika Summer with Monika () is a 1953 Swedish film directed by Ingmar Bergman, based on Per Anders Fogelström's 1951 novel of the same title. It was controversial abroad at the time of its first release for its frank depiction of nudity and, along with the film \"One Summer of Happiness\" from the year before, directed by Arne Mattsson, it helped to create the reputation of Sweden as a sexually liberated country. The film made a star of its lead actress, Harriet Andersson. Bergman had been intimately involved with Andersson at the time and conceived" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "1965 American Football League season The 1965 American Football League season was the sixth regular season of the American Football League. The season also saw a change of television address as the games moved from ABC to NBC. The season ended when the Buffalo Bills defeated the San Diego Chargers in the AFL Championship game. The next season, the AFL would join the NFL to form the AFL-NFL World Championship game, known today as the Super Bowl. The AFL had 8 teams, grouped into two divisions. Each team would play a home-and-away game against the other 7 teams in the league for a total of 14 games, and the best team in the Eastern Division would play against the best in the Western Division in a championship game. If there was tie in the standings, a playoff would be held to determine the division winner. There was little drama in either of the AFL's division races in 1965. The Bills led the Eastern Division from start to finish, ending five games ahead of the 5–8–1 Jets. In the Western Division, San Diego had three potential wins cancelled out when they were tied by Kansas City (10–10), Boston (13–13) and Buffalo (20–20), but their 9–2–3 finish (.818) was well ahead of Oakland's 8–5–1 record (.615). 1965 American Football League season The 1965 American Football League season was the sixth regular season of the American Football League. The season also saw a change of television address as the games moved from ABC to NBC. The season ended when the Buffalo Bills defeated the San Diego Chargers in the AFL Championship game. The next season, the AFL would join the NFL to form the AFL-NFL World Championship game, known today as the Super Bowl. The AFL had 8 teams, grouped into two divisions." ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Adel Yzquierdo Adel Onofre Yzquierdo Rodríguez (born 12 June 1945) is a Cuban politician and engineer. Yzquierdo Rodríguez studied at the V.V. Kuybyshev Institute of Civil Engineering in Moscow. He has held several positions in the Council of Ministers: Minister of Economy and Planning from 2011 to 2014; First Vice-Minister of Economy and Planning from 26 September 2014 to 9 September 2015; and Minister of Transport from 9 September 2015 to date. Yzquierdo was appointed Vice-President of the Council of Ministers on 20 February 2012. On 18 April 2019, he was elected to the National Assembly of People's Power, representing the municipality of Playa in Havana. Adel Yzquierdo Adel Onofre Yzquierdo Rodríguez (born 12 June 1945) is a Cuban politician and engineer. Yzquierdo Rodríguez studied at the V.V. Kuybyshev Institute of Civil Engineering in Moscow. He has held several positions in the Council of Ministers: Minister of Economy and Planning from 2011 to 2014; First Vice-Minister of Economy and Planning from 26 September 2014 to 9 September 2015; and Minister of Transport from 9 September 2015 to date. Yzquierdo was appointed Vice-President of the Council of Ministers on 20 February 2012. On 18 April 2019, he was elected to the" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "American Wrestler: The Wizard American Wrestler: The Wizard is a 2016 American sports biographical film directed by Alex Ranarivelo. The film centers around the world of competitive high school wrestling and stars George Kosturos as Ali Jahani, a 17 year old who escapes Iran in the 1980s after the Iran hostage crisis and must adjust to life in a small California town only to face more hostility in America due to the hostage crisis. Wanting to fit in, Ali joins the school's wrestling team and becomes the squad's star member. Ali faces a mountain of adversity everywhere he turns, but through determination and with a chance to change how others see him, Ali must step up and learn to be a hero against all odds. William Fichtner, Jon Voight, Ali Afshar, Gabriel Basso, Kevin G. Schmidt and Lia Marie Johnson also star in supporting roles. The idea for American Wrestler: The Wizard is heavily transpired by producer Ali Afshar who took up wrestling in his high school after fleeing from his home country of Iran due to the political outrage in the 1970s. Speaking on his take of biographical films, Ali stated that he wanted to show that any tough situation can have a positive impact no matter what the outcome. He wanted to emphasise the demeanour of how one's loss can actually be turned into a win. Majority of the filming took place in Petaluma, California, with scenes being shot at Casa Grande High School(which was renamed to East Petaluma High School for the film). Some scenes were also shot in Santa Rosa mainly in the Sonoma County area. Jamie Christopherson who previously worked on and composed the film's score. Christopherson used a blend of traditional orchestra and synths and worked with Iranian musicians. He also co-composed the film's theme song titled Rise with Armenian-Iranian Andy featuring American singer Shani Rigsbee. The film premiered at the Newport Beach Film Festival on April 23, 2016 and had a limited theatrical run starting May 3, 2017. The sequel titled “American Wrestler: The Fighter” was announced by producers Forrest Lucas and Ali Afshar. Principal photography began in North Carolina in June 2017. George Kosturos returns to star with Tommy Flanagan, Bryan Craig, Sean Patrick Flanery and Parviz Sayyad joining as new cast members. American Wrestler: The Wizard American Wrestler: The Wizard is a 2016 American sports biographical film directed by Alex Ranarivelo." ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Lee F. Gunn Lee F. Gunn (born in Michigan) is a retired Vice Admiral and former Naval Inspector General of the United States Department of the Navy. Gunn earned a Bachelor’s degree in Experimental and Physiological Psychology from the University of California, Los Angeles and a Master of Science degree in Operations Research from the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. Commissioned into the United States Navy from the Naval Reserve Officer Training Program at the University of California, Los Angeles, Gunn served as a junior officer in the cruiser-destroyer force and rose to command the anti-submarine warfare tactical, test, and evaluation destroyer squadron. He later commanded Amphibious Group Three (PHIBGRU THREE), consisting of nineteen ships, twelve other, separate commands, and 16,000 sailors and marines. As commander of this force, he also served as the Commander, Combined Naval Forces, and Deputy Task Force Commander of Operation United Shield, the final withdrawal of United Nations peacekeeping forces from Somalia in February and March 1995. Admiral Gunn served in eight assignments in the areas of manpower, personnel and training. During his last manpower assignment as Deputy Chief of Naval Personnel, and Commander, Navy Personnel Command, he played a key role in redesigning the Navy’s manpower and personnel establishment and he orchestrated the transfer of the Navy’s Personnel Command from Arlington, Virginia to Millington, Tennessee. Appointed Naval Inspector General in July 1997, Vice Admiral Gunn instituted the Navy’s Operational Cost Management training and evaluation program, and reconfigured Navy’s major command management inspection process to teach and evaluate cost management. He retired from active service in August 2000. Immediately after retirement, the Chief of Naval Operations appointed Gunn to lead an executive review of naval training, a nine-month review conducted by a senior team of experts. Gunn has also served as board member of the American Small Business Coalition from 2004 to 2008. President of the American Security Project, a bi-partisan national security think tank in Washington, DC; Chairman of the Board of Advisors to the Presidents of the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, CA and the Naval War College in Newport, RI; an advisor to the Global Perspectives Initiative at the University of Central Florida: and a member and Executive Board member of the Surface Navy Association, the professional association of more than 7,000 surface warriors and supporters in the United States Navy. He served as National President of the Surface Navy Association from 2001-2006. Importantly, Gunn joined the CNA Corporation in Alexandria, Virginia in October 2001 and, from 2003 until his retirement in 2015 served as President of CNA's Institute for Public Research (IPR). IPR meets the research and analysis needs of those who address domestic policy issues in the areas of: air traffic management; education; health research and policy; organizational learning and effectiveness; safety and security; justice; energy, water, and climate; and other domestic issues. Gunn has been a member of CNA's Military Advisory Board (retired Admirals and Generals) researching issues in national security since 2009 and has been the Vice Chairman of CNA's MAB since 2012. Gunn's awards and decorations include: \"This article includes public domain text produced by the United States Navy.\" Lee F. Gunn Lee F. Gunn (born in Michigan) is a retired Vice Admiral and former Naval Inspector General of the United States Department of the Navy. Gunn earned a Bachelor’s degree in Experimental and Physiological Psychology from the University of California, Los Angeles and a Master of Science degree in Operations Research from the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. Commissioned into the United States Navy from the Naval Reserve Officer Training Program at the University" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Caeciri Caeciri was a Roman–Berber \"civitas\" (town) and ancient diocese in Africa Proconsularis. Its exact location is unknown, though it must have been in the Sahel, Tunisia region south of Algiers in modern Algeria. Caeciri must have been of some size as it was the seat of an ancient Christian bishopric, which survives today as a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church. Only one bishop is known from antiquity, Quobolo, who took part in the Council of Carthage (646). The current bishop of Caeciri is Antonio Arcari, who succeeded Miklós Beer. Other bishops include José Domínguez Rodríguez of Cuba and Eduardo Francisca Pironio. Caeciri Caeciri was a Roman–Berber \"civitas\" (town) and ancient diocese in Africa Proconsularis. Its exact location is unknown, though it must have been in the Sahel, Tunisia region south of Algiers in modern Algeria. Caeciri must have been of some size as it was the seat of an ancient Christian bishopric, which survives today as a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church. Only one bishop is known from antiquity, Quobolo, who took part in the Council of Carthage (646). The current bishop of Caeciri is Antonio Arcari, who succeeded Miklós Beer. Other bishops include José" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Tui Cakau The Tui Cakau is the Paramount Chief of Cakaudrove Province in Fiji. In Modern Fiji this chiefly title is regarded as the most senior in the Tovata Confederacy, and the third most senior in the country. The current \"Tui Cakau\" is Ratu Naiqama Lalabalavu; he was installed on 8 May 2001 in succession to his father, Ratu Glanville Lalabalavu, who died in 1999. In April 2002, the courts dismissed a challenge from a rival claimant, Ratu Epeli Ganilau. Perhaps the best-known \"Tui Cakau\" in modern times was Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau, who held the title from 1988 to 1993. He was Fiji's last Governor-General and first President. The present \"Tui Cakau,\" Ratu Naiqama Lalabalavu, led a political party, the Conservative Alliance (CAMV) and was a Minister in the government of Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase from 2000 to 2005, when he was convicted of involvement in the coup d'état that deposed the elected government in 2000. On 3 April he became the first-ever Cabinet Minister to be imprisoned while in office, and resigned from the Cabinet four days later. He was released on 14 April, to serve the remainder of his eight-month sentence extramurally. He is the highest-ranked chief in modern times to have been imprisoned. Following his release, Lalabalavu was reinstated as a Cabinet Minister. The CAMV merged with Prime Minister Qarase's Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua (SDL) ahead of the 2006 elections, and Lalabalavu remained in both Parliament and the Cabinet until a military coup deposed the government on 5 December 2006. He returned to Parliament at the 2014 elections as a candidate of the Social Democratic Liberal Party (SDLP), the successor to the SDL. The \"Tui Cakau\" ruled what was effectively an independent state until 1865, when Cakaudrove joined the Confederacy of Independent Kingdoms of Viti under the chairmanship of Seru Epenisa Cakobau, the Vunivalu of Bau. This lasted only until 1867, when the Confederacy was split into two units, the Kingdom of Bau (ruled by Cakobau) and the Confederation of Lau (consisting of the present-day provinces of Cakaudrove, Bua, and Lau). The then \"Tui Cakau\", Ratu Goleanavanua, became the first \"Captain Supreme\" of the Confederation of Lau; he was succeeded two years later by Enele Ma'afu, who reigned until the Confederation of Lau joined the united Kingdom of Viti in 1871. Tui Cakau The Tui Cakau is the Paramount Chief of Cakaudrove Province in Fiji. In" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Soden v British and Commonwealth Holdings plc Soden v British and Commonwealth Holdings plc [1998] AC 298 is a UK insolvency law case, decided in the House of Lords. It decided that damages for negligent misrepresentation inducing purchase of company shares are not \"sums due\" to shareholders for the purpose of the Insolvency Act 1986, s 74(2)(f), so that a claim for such damages is not subordinated to claims from other creditors. British and Commonwealth Holdings plc (\"BCH\") bought all the shares in Atlantic Computers plc (\"AC\") for £434m in 1988. Both went into administration. BCH brought an action against AC for negligent misrepresentation, which induced BCH to buy shares, and also against its advisors in the acquisition Barclays de Zoete Wedd Ltd. (\"BZW\") started proceedings against AC for contribution. AC's administrator appealed against a Court of Appeal ruling, arguing that neither BZW's, nor BCH's claim would be subordinated to the claims of other creditors under s 74(2)(f) IA 1986. The House of Lords (Lord Browne-Wilkinson, Lloyd, Steyn, Hoffmann and Hope) dismissed the appeal. Sums due to a \"member of the company (in his character as a member)\" within s 74(2)(f) only extended to sums recoverable in actions based on the statutory contract between the members and the company under the Companies Act 1985 s 14(1) and did not include the type of damages sought by BCH. Lord Browne-Wilkinson gave the lead judgment. Soden v British and Commonwealth Holdings plc Soden v British and Commonwealth Holdings plc [1998] AC 298 is a UK insolvency law case, decided in the House of Lords. It decided that damages for negligent misrepresentation inducing purchase of company shares are not \"sums due\" to shareholders for the purpose of the Insolvency Act 1986, s 74(2)(f), so that a claim for such damages is not subordinated" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ ".mobi The domain name mobi is a top-level domain (TLD) in the Domain Name System of the Internet. Its name is derived from the adjective \"mobile\", indicating it is used by mobile devices for accessing Internet resources via the Mobile Web. The domain was approved by ICANN on 11 July 2005, and is managed by the mTLD global registry. It was originally financially backed and sponsored by Google, Microsoft, Nokia, Samsung, Ericsson, Vodafone, T-Mobile, Telefónica Móviles, Telecom Italia Mobile, Orascom Telecom, GSM Association, Hutchison Whampoa, Syniverse Technologies, and Visa, with an executive from each company serving on mTLD's board of directors. In February 2010, Afilias acquired mTLD Top-Level Domain Ltd. (known publicly as \"dotMobi\"). DotMobi domain names have been available for registration by the public since 26 September 2006. dotMobi engaged with the W3C Mobile Web Initiative (MWI) to help formulate the MWI Best Practices for mobile content. The practices outlined a number of ways to achieve good user experiences on mobile Web-enabled devices, and recognized several methods of implementing these practices. mTLD has released a free testing tool called Ready.mobi (see mobiForge) to analyze the mobile readiness of websites. It does a free page analysis and gives a .mobi Ready score from 1 to 5. This report tests the mobile-readiness of the site using dotMobi's recommended best practices. dotMobi does not itself mandate any particular technology, but does require that .mobi sites produce user experiences consistent with their guidelines and specifically optimized for mobile phones. The domain has been the target of criticism due to allegedly breaking the principles of device independence. Providing content tailored to particular devices can be done by other means than a specific TLD, such as using hostnames within an existing domain, HTTP content negotiation, cascading style sheets, or other forms of adaptation. There are technical solutions that provide similar benefits as : compressing/downsampling proxy servers and microbrowsers, like Opera Mobile, which can tailor any website to small display (using Small Screen Rendering technique). However, these browsers must still download an entire page (with graphics and other related files) which, if not optimized for mobile phones, can be time-consuming and expensive to download. To improve the latter issue, the two adaptation techniques can be used together. This is the idea behind proxy-based microbrowsers like Opera Mini that download the optimized and compressed version of web pages through dedicated proxy servers. However, web pages viewed on a mobile via a proxy-based microbrowser are rarely specifically designed for a mobile phone, so it is left up to the proxy server and browser to decide what to compress, what to display, and how to display it, which, unlike the .mobi version of the site, may not necessarily be how the web page owner intends for the mobile audience. There are also specialized content adaptation solutions, that typically operate on a server, where they employ specialized adaptation techniques to provide optimized representations of Web sites to mobile devices regardless of what browser they use. However, .mobi replaces the intermediary step with the specific adaptation of content for viewing on a mobile phone. The W3C is also developing new authoring languages, such as DIAL (the Device Independent Authoring Language), which aid authors in creating Web sites that can be used on the huge variety of mobile devices available today. Some adaptation solutions already support the use of DIAL and similar languages in creating sites that can be used with .mobi domain names. Other open source initiatives include WURFL which addresses the problem with a large database of browser identification strings. All sites must be optimized for viewing on a mobile phone, providing the major advantage of the domain, from the users' perspective, of compatible content. Websites may be optimized for the special capabilities and restrictions of mobile devices, such as smaller screens, device form/size, device input/output options, existence of embedded sensors (acceleration, location, touch, etc.), as well as human factors such as expectations of immediacy of results, context awareness under a shortened attention span (compared to non-mobile device use of the Internet). Although other top-level domains can technically employ the same optimizations for mobile phones, in practice, only a fraction of them do, thus necessitating content adaptation solutions. These retrofit the content to target devices independent from the original process of creating the site. On the other hand, dotMobi promotes creating two separate device-dependent World Wide Webs, one desktop-based and the other mobile-based, and thus risks producing redundant content. From a content provider perspective, having to maintain two separate websites also represents more work. Tim Berners-Lee of the World Wide Web Consortium, claims that dotMobi breaks the device independence of the web: Critics pointed out that \"mobi\" is an unfortunate choice for mobile phone text entry interfaces, requiring nine or ten keystrokes in many common setups, compared to seven for \"com\", or what could have only been three if \"wap\" was used. Currently, much web development is changing to a mobile first, responsive design methodology, reducing the need for separate mobile sites and weakening the market for .mobi domain names. mTLD has compiled a list of approximately 5,700 commonly used words and phrases that have been set aside for equitable allocation other than in the traditional first-come, first-served system. This was designed to 1) create a more level playing field in the allocation of these names, 2) increase the likelihood that these domain names will more promptly provide the mobile community with new features and services, and 3) preserve the stability and security of registry operations. mTLD will be allocating these premium names via auction and Request for Proposal (RFP) processes on a quarterly basis through 2008. The process was approved by ICANN with input from mTLD's Policy Advisory Board and WIPO. Disputes that arise over .mobi domain names can be filed and administered by the National Arbitration Forum. Disputes are decided by one of 147 experts on the National Arbitration Forum's intellectual property panel. On 13 September 2007, dotMobi announced the auction of 100 premium .mobi domains via Sedo to commemorate their 1-year anniversary since public launch. dotMobi has sold hundreds of domain names through the auction process, but it has not been without controversy. In one auction, a dotMobi website sold for $616,000. The auction was voided due to technical problems at Sedo. Also, none of the top 25 most expensive domains sold at the first auction met their compliance deadlines to have active web sites. In connection with the roll-out of the .mobi top level domain, dotMobi has reserved names as per its contract with ICANN. These terms include dotMobi terms, other TLDs, emergency numbers and geographic names. The first geographic .mobi domain to be released was Helsinki.mobi A dozen of domain name sales in the TLD have fetched prices in the hundred-thousand-dollar range, including Music.mobi, Games.mobi, Flowers.mobi, Poker.mobi, Ringtones.mobi, Casino.mobi, Sportsbook.mobi, News.mobi, Porn.mobi, Hosting.mobi, Sports.mobi, and Fun.mobi. Thousands of .mobi domain names changed hands publicly since its inception. .mobi The domain name mobi is a top-level domain (TLD) in the Domain Name System of the Internet. Its name is derived from the adjective \"mobile\", indicating it is used by mobile devices for accessing Internet resources via the Mobile Web. The domain was approved by ICANN on" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Coca-Cola Cherry Coca-Cola Cherry (originally marketed as and still widely referred to as Cherry Coke) is a cherry-flavored version of Coca-Cola. It is produced and distributed by The Coca-Cola Company and its bottlers in the United States and some international markets. Long before its official introduction in stores in 1985, many diners and drugstore soda fountains dispensed an unofficial version by adding cherry-flavored syrup to Coca-Cola. The Coca-Cola Company first began testing its official Cherry flavored version of Coke along with other flavors on audiences visiting the 1982 World's Fair in Knoxville, Tennessee. Cherry Coke then entered mainstream production during the summer of 1985. Cherry Coke, which by 2007 had been renamed Coca-Cola Cherry in the U.S. and some other countries, was the third variation of Coca-Cola at that time – the others being regular Coca-Cola and Diet Coke – and the first flavored Coke. It was released nationally around the same time as the controversial reformulation of Coca-Cola, (New Coke), and gained significant market share when that product was widely discontinued in the early 1990s. Diet Cherry Coke was introduced in 1986, and renamed \"Diet Coke Cherry\" in 2005 and again to \"Diet Coke Feisty Cherry\" in 2018. A second low-calorie version, Coca-Cola Cherry Zero (based on Coca-Cola Zero), was added in 2007. The Coca-Cola Company would later introduce other flavored Coke variants, beginning with Vanilla Coke in May 2002, later followed by lime, raspberry, lemon, Black Cherry Vanilla and orange variants. Many of these are currently only sold in overseas markets and/or are microdispensed through Coca-Cola's Freestyle vending machines. Coca-Cola Cherry has been distributed in a number of different countries. Currently, in addition to the U.S., the drink is available in Albania, China, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Finland, Germany, Belgium (only in cans and 1-litre bottles), Denmark, France, Hungary, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Croatia, Latvia, South Africa, South Korea, Bulgaria, Greece (only in cans), Romania and Peru. It is also available in Japan, where it is still known as Cherry Coke. Until recently it was available in Ireland only through British pharmaceutical chains such as Boots and Superdrug, however it returned officially to the country in 2014. In New Zealand, Coca-Cola Cherry can be found in some supermarkets (usually imported from the UK or US). In the past, the product has been distributed in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Colombia, Russia, Spain, Ukraine, Australia, New Zealand, the Philippines, and Israel. The Australian version was released between 2003 and 2004 and was a different formula to the US version. It is no longer bottled in these countries, although the U.S. product is imported by some Canadian convenience stores near the Canada–US border, as well as by IGA, Costco and specialty retailers in Australia. It was reintroduced in all Canadian grocery stores in 2016. In Sweden it is available at different grocery stores. The grocery stores source import from the United States and the self-produced Coca-Cola Cherry from Coca-Cola enterprises Sweden. In Norway, Coca-Cola Cherry is available at select stores. Since January 2011, Coca-Cola Cherry is also available in Switzerland, where it is distributed by Coop. Since July 2013 Coca-Cola Cherry is available in Croatia, Romania and Spain. It returned to Canada by the 2013, 2014, and 2015 holiday season in cases of 24 cans at Costco stores for the two former, and general retail in the latter. It featured the same flavour and formula as the United States flavour, with a slightly edited, bilingual version of that country's can design. In 2014, it was featured as one of the last major attempts by Target Canada in Ontario to gain market share before announcing its closing in January of the following year. It has been mentioned by Target Canada itself that Cherry Coke was the number one requested grocery request by shoppers. As of July 2014 Coca-Cola Cherry is available in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia (due to same label for the three countries). The label is same as regular coke but with different cherry color and cherry word below Coca-cola with an image of Cherry to the left of the word \"cherry\". Later in late 2014, it was introduced in Uruguay (only in cans). By the end of 2014, it was gone from the Lithuanian market, and maybe the whole Baltic region. Coca-Cola Cherry returned to Canada once again in the summer of 2015 and 2016 as part of the \"Share a Coke\" campaign. Cherry Coke, in flats of 24 cans, have recently been available at Safeway, Sobeys, and Loblaws-owned stores across Canada with markings indicating production at the Brampton, Ontario bottling facility. Coca-Cola Cherry returned to Brazil during the 2016 Summer Olympics. Originally available in certain markets in the country, availability of soft drink has expanded to other regions, while Cherry Coke has been relaunched, Vanilla Coke has also been launched. Packaging for Coca-Cola Cherry differs greatly from country to country. Coca-Cola has altered the label designs for Coca-Cola Cherry several times since it was introduced in 1985. In most areas, the current can and bottle label designs are based on the standard Coca-Cola label in a pink or purple hue, often with images of cherries. On February 7, 2007, Coca-Cola launched a new campaign for the Coca-Cola Cherry brand in the U.S., resulting in a significant redesign of the product's label. Jay-Z was chosen to be the spokesman and played a part in designing the new can graphics. A new diet version, Coca-Cola Cherry Zero, was also introduced, although the original Diet Coke Cherry will remain available in 12-packs. These designs remained in place until early 2011, when a cleaner design (closer to the label designs used overseas) was introduced. Coca-Cola Cherry Coca-Cola Cherry (originally marketed as and still widely referred to as Cherry Coke) is a cherry-flavored version of Coca-Cola. It is produced and distributed by The Coca-Cola Company and its bottlers in the United States and some international markets. Long before its official introduction in stores in 1985, many diners and" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Samuel Stanier Sir Samuel Stanier (1649-28 August 1724) of Wanstead, Essex was a London merchant who became Lord Mayor of London in 1713 Stanier was the eldest son of James Stanier of St. Mary Axe, London and his wife Thomasine Meade. His father was a merchant, trading with Italy who died in 1666. In 1673, Stanier inherited from his uncle, Robert Stanier, houses and lands in Bethnall Green and lands in the parish of Hackney. Stanier became a merchant of Bishopsgate and was a member of the Drapers Company. He was a common councillor for Aldgate from 1698 to 1705; and was elected an Alderman of Aldgate on 27 September 1705. He was Sheriff of London from 1705 to 1706 and was knighted on 18 December 1705. He was also Master of the Drapers Company for the year 1705 to 1706. From 1707 to 1710 he was Colonel of the Red Regiment of the City Militia. He stood for Parliament for City of London at the 1708 general election but was unsuccessful. In 1713 he became Lord Mayor of London. Subsequently, he was Colonel of the Red Regiment for the rest of his life. Stanier died on 28 August 1724. Samuel Stanier Sir Samuel Stanier (1649-28 August 1724) of Wanstead, Essex was a London merchant who became Lord Mayor of London in 1713 Stanier was the eldest son of James Stanier of St. Mary Axe, London and his wife Thomasine Meade. His father was a merchant, trading with Italy who died in 1666. In 1673, Stanier inherited from his uncle, Robert Stanier, houses and lands in Bethnall Green and lands in the parish of Hackney. Stanier became a merchant of Bishopsgate and was a member of the Drapers Company. He was a common councillor for Aldgate from 1698 to 1705;" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Greatest Hits (Paula Abdul album) Greatest Hits is the first compilation album by American singer Paula Abdul. Released in 2000, it contains Paula's six #1s and other singles, with the exception of the top 20 single \"Will You Marry Me\", which was released in 1992 and reached #19 on the Billboard charts. It does, however include \"Crazy Love\" which was previously only available on the Japanese version of \"Head over Heels\" and not available in the US. This compilation also contains a previously unreleased Megamix Medley. The album was released on September 26, 2000. It did not chart in the U.S but reached the top 400 albums in Australia. As of January 2006, the album has sold 138,000 copies in the United States. Greatest Hits (Paula Abdul album) Greatest Hits is the first compilation album by American singer Paula Abdul. Released in 2000, it contains Paula's six #1s and other singles, with the exception of the top 20 single \"Will You Marry Me\", which was released in 1992 and reached #19 on the Billboard charts. It does, however include \"Crazy Love\" which was previously only available on the Japanese version of \"Head over Heels\" and not available in the US." ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Arizona State Route 389 State Route 389, also known as SR 389, is a state highway in far northern Arizona serving the Arizona Strip. SR 389 stretches from the Utah border at Colorado City, southeast to Pipe Spring National Monument, and ends at U.S. Route 89A in Fredonia; it is the only major east–west route between these two towns, and also serves to connect Fredonia with points farther west such as St. George, Utah. SR 389 is a highway located in the Arizona Strip that connects the two cities of Colorado City and Fredonia. The western terminus of the highway is located at the Utah border in Colorado City where the highway continues into Utah as State Route 59. SR 389 heads southeast from the border intersecting several county routes along its routing. The highway takes a more easterly course as it enters the Kaibab Indian Reservation. Within the reservation, the highway passes near the Pipe Spring National Monument. Once it passes the monument, the highway begins to head towards the northeast towards Fredonia. It leaves the Kaibab Indian Reservation and enters the city of Fredonia before reaching its eastern terminus at US 89A. SR 389 was established in 1959 along its current route. Arizona State Route 389 State Route 389, also known as SR 389, is a state highway in far northern Arizona serving the Arizona Strip. SR 389 stretches from the Utah border at Colorado City, southeast to Pipe Spring National Monument, and ends at U.S. Route 89A in Fredonia; it is the only major east–west route between these two towns, and also serves to connect Fredonia with points farther west such as St. George, Utah. SR 389 is a highway located in the Arizona Strip that connects the two cities of Colorado City and Fredonia. The western" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Cotulla, Texas Cotulla ( ) is a city in and the county seat of La Salle County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,614 at the 2000 census. The whole of La Salle County had 6,886 persons in the 2010 census. In June 2014, Cotulla \"self-declared\" its population at 7,000, based on utility connections alone. Polish immigrant Joseph Cotulla, who was reared in Silesia, then a part of Prussia, migrated to the United States in the 1850s. He joined the Union Army in Brownsville, Texas. He lived in Atascosa County but arrived in La Salle County in 1868 to establish what became a large ranching operation. After learning that the International-Great Northern Railroad intended to lay tracks in La Salle County, he worked to establish the town which bears his name. In 1881, Cotulla donated 120 acres of his land to the railroad, and in 1882, a depot was constructed there. In 1883, the town was granted a post office. The same year, Cotulla became the county seat by special election. Joseph Cotulla's great-grandson, William Lawrence Cotulla (born c. 1936), a former storekeeper in Cotulla, is a rancher in La Salle, Dimmit, and Webb counties. In a 2013 interview with the \"Laredo Morning Times\", William Cotulla noted the community of his birth has changed completely in less than eighty years, having gone through several phases, beginning with emphasis on farming, then ranching, thereafter hunting leases, and now petroleum and natural gas through the Eagle Ford Shale boom. However, with declining gasoline prices, the Eagle Ford boom took a sharp downturn by the fall of 2015. On June 28, 2013, the Texas Historical Commission, the United States Department of the Interior, and the National Register of Historic Places designated downtown Cotulla as a significant part of Texas history with the unveiling of an historic marker. In 2006, Cotulla had been designated as a Texas Main Street community. City manager Lazaro \"Larry\" Dovalina (born 1947), who formerly held the same position in Laredo, compared the impact of the recent growth of Cotulla to the arrival of the railroad in the late 19th century. Cotulla is believed to have tripled in population since the 2010 census, with possibly 12,000 residents in 2013. With Eagle Ford Shale and many jobs in the oil and gas fields, Cotulla has seen the building of new hotels, restaurants, truck stops, and refineries. Many older buildings downtown are being updated and renovated for other kinds of use. Dovalina reported that the ad valorem property tax base in Cotulla has increased from $52 million in 2009 to $127 million in 2013. The growth has made affordable housing a premium in the community. In 1973, two railroad locomotives collided in Cotulla, and three people were killed as a result. In 2008, the area about Cotulla burned in a huge grass fire. With continuing growth from the Eagle Ford Shale deposit, Cotulla houses the largest sand fracking facility in North America. Cotulla falls within the second largest oil-producing region of the United States. The oil boom has increased sales tax collections in Cotulla from $445,000 in 2009 to more than $3 million in 2013. The city has sixteen hotels and seven others under construction. The hotel-motel tax of 7 percent is less than that in larger surrounding cities. Cotulla is seeking to attract Wal-Mart, H-E-B, and other companies once it can show that its growth is sustainable. Cotulla is located at (28.434144, -99.236343). This is 81 miles (147 km) Southwest of San Antonio, Texas. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. The Nueces River flows through southern Cotulla in a southeastward direction to the Gulf of Mexico near Corpus Christi. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,614 people, 1,208 households, and 901 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,831.8 people per square mile (708.3/km²). There were 1,504 housing units at an average density of 762.3 per square mile (294.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 83.45% White, 0.64% African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.50% Asian, 12.67% from other races, and 2.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 83.56% of the population. There were 1,208 households out of which 39.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.7% were married couples living together, 17.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.4% were non-families. 22.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.95 and the average family size was 3.50. In the city, the population was spread out with 33.6% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males. The median income for a household in the city was $23,250, and the median income for a family was $25,951. Males had a median income of $21,199 versus $17,415 for females. The per capita income for the city was $10,856. About 27.9% of families and 30.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 39.0% of those under age 18 and 28.1% of those age 65 or over. The La Salle County Courthouse in downtown Cotulla has undergone extensive renovation. The Brush Country Museum, with various local ranching memorabilia, is located in Cotulla. Cotulla has Roman Catholic, Southern Baptist, United Methodist, Presbyterian, and non-denominational churches. The Presbyterians and Baptists originally shared the Methodist facilities, which began in 1881. New Methodist buildings were constructed in 1906 and again in 1928. In 1883-1884, the Reverend W. D. Johnson organized a Baptist fellowship in Cotulla. After several years of meeting at the Methodist Church, the first Baptist building opened in 1889, with the minister John Van Epps Covey (1821–1898) preaching the first sermon in the new structure. The current church sanctuary on Main Street opened in 1948 under the leadership of the Reverend Jesse Cooke. The new First Baptist pastor in Cotulla as of 2013 is Loren G. Fast. Prevailing Word Church, located in a new sanctuary at 419 South Main, had co-pastors in 2009, L. Lynn Beams and Abram De La Garza. It has services at 3 p.m. Sundays, rather than the customary morning hours, and mid-week services on Thursday evenings, instead of Wednesday. Cotulla, Texas Cotulla (" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Ip Ching Ip Ching (born 7 July 1936) is a Chinese martial artist. He is one of five still-living Grandmasters of the Ip Man (Yip Man) family of Wing Chun Kung Fu. Ip Ching (Ip Hok Ching Chinese 葉學正 )(born in Foshan, China in 1936) is the second eldest son of Ip Man. This was short lived as his father had to leave and travel to Hong Kong in search of a better life for his family. Yip Man taught from his home and today this is where Ip Ching resides. As well as learning Wing Chun at his father's home Ip Ching also was an avid observer of his father teaching other students. In turn gaining valuable insight on his father’s teaching methods. After Yip Man's death in 1972, Ip Ching continued teaching whilst running a manufacturing business. In 1994 he retired from his work and decided to open his doors to full-time, teaching Wing Chun, to Wing Chun Director Sifu Ron Heimburger, Garner Train, Eric Lee and across the globe. Students: Sifu Sam Hing Fai Chan, Garner Train, Eric Lee, Ron Heimberger - Director Ip Ching Ip Ching (born 7 July 1936) is a Chinese martial artist. He" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Bantu Philosophy Bantu Philosophy (La philosophie bantoue in French) is a 1945 book written by Placide Tempels which argues that the people of Sub-Saharan Africa (the use of the term \"Bantu\" as an ethnic label is now largely discredited) have a distinctive philosophy, and attempts to describe the underpinnings of that philosophy. In his book, Tempels argues that the African philosophical categories can be identified through the categories inherent to language. According to Tempels, the primary metaphysical category in the thought of Bantu-speaking societies is Force. That is, reality is dynamic, and being is force. Tempels argues that there are three possible views of the relationship between being and force. He argues that members of Bantu-speaking cultures hold the last view of force. Specifically: Tempels argues that as a result of this fundamental difference in categories, the African life of the mind is structured around understanding and defining Force, which contrasts sharply with the Western enterprise of understanding and defining Being. \"Bantu Philosophy\" has been criticized, primarily on the ground that conclusions are gross generalizations which seek to characterize the thought of an entire continent, which, it is argued, it is fundamentally impossible to do in any meaningful way. Bantu" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Houbigant Parfum Houbigant Parfum () is a perfume manufacturer founded in Paris, France in 1775 by Jean-François Houbigant of Grasse (1752–1807). The brand originally sold gloves, perfumes, and bridal bouquets. The original shop, called \"A la Corbeille de Fleurs\", was at 19, rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré. Over the centuries, the House of Houbigant became perfumer to the royal courts of Europe including Napoleon, Napoleon III, Alexander III of Russia, and Queen Victoria. Besides being a perfumer to royalty, the House of Houbigant has been a trailblazer in the creation of fragrances. In 1882, the House launched \"Fougère Royale\", a fragrance that revolutionized the world of perfumes and established modern perfumery. \"Fougère Royale\" was the first \"fougère\" (or 'fern-like') perfume ever created, establishing a new fragrance family which still remains today the most popular family in men's fragrances. During this period, under the direction of the Paris office, offices were established in the United States, England, Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Poland, Romania. The New York office had its own manufacturing facility to distribute Houbigant goods nationwide. Houbigant was also the first perfume house to discover how to isolate particular molecules from natural raw materials and more specifically the coumarin, which is isolated from the tonka bean. In 1912, the House introduced \"Quelques Fleurs\", the first true multi-floral bouquet ever created. Up to that time, floral fragrances had been mostly single flowers or were blended with herbs and other essences. \"The Genealogy of Perfumes\" cites \"Quelques Fleurs\" as an innovation that established a totally new fragrance classification and influenced other compositions for years afterwards including many of today’s important fragrances. Josephine, the future Empress of France, belonged to a group of stylish young men and women called \"The Muscadins\" because of their craze for musk which was Josephine’s favorite essence. Houbigant fragrances traveled in Napoleon’s campaign chest during the years when he was conquering Europe.. It was also the perfume of Oscar Wilde. An Houbigant legend, not verified, has it that when Marie Antoinette was fleeing to Varennes to escape the French revolution she was recognized as royalty because of her Houbigant perfume, which only royalty could afford. The Houbigant fragrances are now being manufactured under the original specifications by LOFT Fashion and Beauty Diffusion of Monaco and marketed in the United States by Exclusive Fragrances and Cosmetics. Houbigant Parfum Houbigant Parfum () is a perfume manufacturer founded in Paris," ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Natalie Chung Natalie Chung (born 1962 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian news anchor and journalist for the Réseau de l'information (RDI) television network, a Canadian French language news channel owned by the Société Radio-Canada. She was anchor of RDI's weekend newscast \"Aujourd'hui\" and \"Le Monde ce soir\". Chung was born to a Korean father, Joseph Chung, a former university teacher, and a mother named Lucie Lépine, from the province of Quebec. Although born in Toronto, she grew up in Montreal, Quebec. In her early life, her difference becomes an issue as she was often reminded that she comes from elsewhere while she perceives herself as a Quebecer only. Noting the rising waves of a strong identity crisis, her father decided to take her teenage daughter for the first time to his country of origin. This will be the beginning of a salutary process that will allow her to tame her Korean origins over time. In 1985, she began her undergraduate studies in Korean literary program at the Seoul University in South Korea and attended Concordia University in Montreal. Natalie Chung Natalie Chung (born 1962 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian news anchor and journalist for the Réseau de l'information" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "William Andrew Chatto William Andrew Chatto (1799–1864) was an English writer. He used the pseudonym Stephen Oliver (Junior). The only son of William Chatto, a merchant who died at Gibraltar in 1804, was born at Newcastle-on-Tyne on 17 April 1799. After education at a grammar school in the north, he went into business, and around 1830 acquired the firm of his cousin, a wholesale tea-dealer, in Eastcheap, London. In 1834 he gave up business to write. Also in this year, he acquired, probably from the Atkinson family, the Henry Atkinson manuscript, an important early source of violin music, dating from the 1690s, and written in or near Newcastle. He was editor in 1839–41 of the \"New Sporting Magazine\", and in 1844 projected a penny daily comic illustrated paper entitled: \"Puck, a journalette of Fun\". For this paper, which he edited himself, he secured the services of contributors including Tom Taylor, but it had only a brief existence. In 1839, Chatto was elected an honorary member of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle-on-Tyne. He died in the London Charterhouse, 28 February 1864, and was buried in Highgate Cemetery. His epitaph, by his lifelong friend, Tom Taylor, described him as a \"true-hearted and upright man\". His works include two as Stephen Oliver: This book is now a reprint from Kessinger Publishings Legacy Reprint Series. It is referred to many times by Richard Oliver Heslop in his \"Northumberland Words; A glossary of words used in the County of Northumberland and on the Tyneside\" (2 vols), first published 1893-4. Other books by Chatto, under his own name, include: By his wife, Margaret, daughter of Luke Birch of Cornhill, London, he had five sons, of whom the third, Andrew Chatto (1840–1913), became a member of the publishing firm of Messrs. Chatto & Windus, and three daughters. William Andrew Chatto William Andrew Chatto (1799–1864) was an English writer. He used the pseudonym Stephen Oliver (Junior). The only son of William Chatto, a merchant who died at Gibraltar in 1804, was born at Newcastle-on-Tyne on 17 April 1799. After education at a grammar school in the north, he went into business, and around 1830 acquired the firm of his cousin, a wholesale tea-dealer, in Eastcheap, London. In 1834 he gave up business to write. Also in this year, he acquired, probably from the Atkinson family, the Henry Atkinson manuscript, an important early source of violin music, dating" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "French frigate Rhin (1802) Rhin was a 40-gun \"Virginie\"-class frigate of the French Navy launched in 1802. She was present at two major battles while in French service. The Royal Navy captured her in 1806. Thereafter \"Rhin\" served until 1815 capturing numerous vessels. After the end of the Napoleonic Wars she was laid up and then served as a hospital for many years. She was finally broken up in 1884. \"Rhin\" took part in the Battle of Cape Finisterre and in the Battle of Trafalgar. \"Rhin\" arrived at Plymouth on 8 August. She was repaired and fitted there from March through August 1809. The Royal Navy commissioned her in June 1809 as HMS \"Rhin\" under Captain Frederick Aylmer for the Channel. Captain Charles Malcolm replaced Aylmer in July 1809, and would remain her captain until \"Rhin\" paid off in 1815. On 16 November 1809, \"Rhin\" was in company with \"Pheasant\" when \"Pheasant\" recaptured the brig \"Trust\". On 22 March 1810 \"Rhin\" captured the French privateer \"Navarrois\". \"Navarrois\" was four days out of Bayonne, was armed with 16 guns and carried a crew of 132 men. On 27 September had been in pursuit of a French brig when \"Rhin\" joined the chase and after two and a half hours captured the quarry off the Lizard. The French vessel was the privateer \"San Joseph\", of Saint Malo, under the command of a Joseph Wittevronghel, a Dane. \"San Joseph\" was one year old, about 100 tons burthen (bm), and armed with 14 guns though she was pierced for 16. She had only been out one day when the British captured her and had taken nothing. had been in company with \"Wolverine\" at the time. On 9 October \"Rhin\" captured the French privateer brig \"Comtesse de Montalivet\", of Saint Malo. The capture followed a chase of two and a half hours and only ended when the brig lost her maintop-mast. \"Comtesse de Montalivet\" was pierced for 16 guns but only mounted 14. She had a crew of 57 men but only 40 were on board as 17 were in prize crews. She was a new vessel on her first cruise and had taken two prizes, one a Portuguese ship and the other an American brig. On 14 October \"Rhin\" recaptured the ship \"Fama\". \"Fama\", which had been sailing from Lisbon to London when she was captured, arrived in Plymouth on 18 October. On 2 February 1811 \"Rhin\" captured the French privateer brig \"Brocanteur\". On 5 April \"Rhin\" captured the schooner \"Bonne Jeanette\". Six days later \"Rhin\" captured the American ship \"Projector\". Almost two months later, on 27 May, \"Rhin\" was in company with the \"Princess Charlotte when they captured the American ship \"Fox\". Then on 12 December \"Rhin\" captured the French chasse maree \"Dorade\". On 27 March 1812 \"Rhin\" captured the American brig \"Eclipse\". \"Eclipse\". off 300 tons, was armed with six guns and had a crew of 28 men. She had been sailing from Baltimore to Bordeaux when \"Rhin\" captured her, and arrived at Plymouth on 2 April. On 21 June \"Rhin\" and \"Medusa\" supported an attack by Spanish guerrillas on French forces Lequitio and the nearby island of San Nicholas. \"Venerable\" landed a gun whose fire enabled the guerrillas to capture the fort above the town. \"Medusa\" and \"Rhin\" landed a carronade each to support their marines and those from \"Surveillante\", who captured the island. Although the guerrillas suffered losses, British casualties were nil. On 24 June, landing parties from \"Rhin\" and \"Medusa\" destroyed fortified works at Plencia. On 8 November \"Rhin\" was in company with the sloop \"Helicon\" when they captured the French privateer \"Courageuse\". The capture took place off the Eddystone after a four-hour chase during which the privateer schooner threw overboard her 14 guns, her anchors and part of her provisions. \"Courageuse\" was of 90 tons and carried a crew of 70 men. On 5 January 1813 \"Rhin\", \"Colossus\" and the brig \"Goldfinch\" captured the American ship \"Dolphin\". A little over a month later, on 11 February, \"Rhin\" and \"Colossus\" captured the American ship \"Print\". On 24 February 1814, \"Rhin\" recaptured the \"Robert\". Then on 11 March \"Rhin\" captured the American letter of marque brig \"Rattlesnake\". A satisfying capture occurred on 5 June when \"Rhin\" sighted and gave chase to an American privateer schooner. After an eleven-hour chase \"Rhin\" captured the \"Decatur\" in the Mona Passage about four leagues from Cape Engaño. Her captain was Dominique Diron, who had also commanded \"Decatur\" when she had captured the schooner HMS \"Dominica\" in 1813. \"Decatur\" had sailed from Charleston on 30 March and had made no captures. On 27 June 1815 \"Rhin\" captured French transport No. 749, \"Leon\", and \"Marie Joseph\". Then on 19 July, \"Rhin\" was in company with , , , \"Ferret\" and when they captured the French vessels \"Fortune\", \"Papillon\", \"Marie Graty\", \"Marie Victorine\", \"Cannoniere\", and \"Printemis\". The attack took place at Corrijou (Koréjou, east of Abervrach on the coast of Brittany), and during the action \"Ferret\" was able to prevent the escape of a French man-of-war brig that she force ashore. Apparently, this cutting out expedition was the last of the war. \"Rhin\" underwent a large repair at Sheerness between May 1817 and August 1820. She was then laid up (roofed over). In 1822 \"Rhin\" was among the many vessels that had served on the north coast of Spain and the coast of France in the years 1812, 1813 and 1814 that received their respective proportions of the sum reserved to answer disputed claims from the Parliamentary grant for services during those years. From May to October 1838 she was fitted at Chatham as a lazaretto for Sheerness. The Admiralty lent \"Rhin\" to the Sub-committee for the Inspection of Shipping on the Thames as a smallpox hospital ship on 9 September 1871. She was sold to Charlton & Sons, Charlton on 26 May 1884 for £1,250. French frigate Rhin (1802) Rhin was a 40-gun \"Virginie\"-class frigate of the French Navy launched in 1802. She was present at" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Andrew Mango Andrew James Alexander Mango (14 June 1926 – 6 July 2014) was a British author who was born in Turkey as one of three sons of a prosperous Anglo-Russian family. He was the brother of the distinguished Oxford historian and Byzantinist Professor Cyril Mango. Mango's early years were passed in Istanbul; in the mid-1940s, he left for Ankara and obtained a job as a press officer in the British Embassy. He moved to the United Kingdom in 1947 and lived in London until his death. He held degrees from the University of London, including a doctorate on Persian literature. He joined the BBC's Turkish section while still a student and, spent his entire career in the External Services, rising to be Turkish Programme Organiser and then Head of the South European Service. He retired in 1986. Mango died at the age of 88 on 6 July 2014. His death was announced by Richard Moore, the British Ambassador to Turkey. Mango spent five years working on the biography of Atatürk, using Turkish printed sources though not archival material. It has been claimed that his biography of Kemal Atatürk constitutes the definitive account among many other works and \"reveals the long suppressed darker aspects of its subject, showing us a far more complex personality than we had seen before.\" Andrew Mango Andrew James Alexander Mango (14 June 1926 – 6 July 2014) was a British author who was born in Turkey as one of three sons of a prosperous Anglo-Russian family. He was the brother of the distinguished Oxford historian and Byzantinist Professor Cyril Mango. Mango's early years were passed in Istanbul; in the mid-1940s, he left for Ankara and obtained a job as a press officer in the British Embassy. He moved to the United Kingdom in 1947 and" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Nerbudda Division The Nerbudda Division, named after the Narmada River (Nerbudda), was a former administrative division of the Central Provinces of British India. It encompassed a good part of the Narmada River basin in the eastern part of present-day Madhya Pradesh state of India. The Nerbudda Division had an area of 47,609.2 km² with a population of 1,785,008 in 1901. The Central Provinces became the Central Provinces and Berar in 1936 until the Independence of India. The main mountains in the division were the Mahadeo Hills, the central part of the Satpura Range, where Pachmarhi, the summer hill station for British officials, and the Pachmarhi Cantonment were located. The main towns in the division were Hoshangabad (15,863 inhabitants in 1881), Burhanpur (33,341 inhabitants in 1901) and Gadarwara (6,978 in 1901); other important towns were Khandwa, Harda, Narsinghpur, Chhindwara, Pandhurna, Sohagpur, Seoni and Mohgaon. The Nerbudda Division included the following districts: Makrai State was the only princely state within the division and was under the supervision of the Nerbudda commissioner. Nerbudda Division The Nerbudda Division, named after the Narmada River (Nerbudda), was a former administrative division of the Central Provinces of British India. It encompassed a good part of the Narmada" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Dmitry Lobkov Dmitry Vladimirovich Lobkov (; born 2 February 1981 in Murom) is a Russian speedskater who specialises in the shortest distances, with the 500 metres being his favourite. At the 2004 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships in Seoul he achieved the silver medal at this distance, only allowing Jeremy Wotherspoon to be faster. He became Russian Sprint Champion three times in a row, and was, because of his recently shown progress, a favourite to win an Olympic medal in the 500 metres distance at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. But in the summer of 2005, when his trainer Sergey Klevchenya organised a football-game, Lobkov got injured. His preparation for the Olympics was therefore too short. In his favourite 500 metres distance Lobkov ranked himself in fourteenth place. On 12 January 2007 in Kolomna, Lobkov improved his 2003 personal best of 34.51 seconds, set at the Olympic rink in Salt Lake City, down to a record level of 34.35. At the time, only the two Japanese skaters Joji Kato (34.30) and Hiroyasu Shimizu (34.32) had ever skated faster. At the 2007 World Sprint Championship in Vikingskipet, Hamar, Lobkov won bronze and silver medals at the two 500-m races, and was ranked fourth overall, after Lee Kyou-hyuk, Pekka Koskela and Shani Davis. Lobkov missed the overall bronze medal by the slim margin of 0.060 points. Dmitry Lobkov Dmitry Vladimirovich Lobkov (; born 2 February 1981 in Murom) is a Russian speedskater who specialises in the shortest distances, with the 500 metres being his favourite. At the 2004 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships in Seoul he achieved the silver medal at this distance, only allowing Jeremy Wotherspoon to be faster. He became Russian Sprint Champion three times in a row, and was, because of his recently shown progress, a" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Tag (barbershop music) A tag, in barbershop music, is a dramatic variation put in the last section of the song. Its rough analog in Classical music is a coda. Tags are characterized by heightening the dramatic tension of the song, frequently including a hanger, or sustained note against which the other singers carry the rhythm. In addition, good tags can be sung as short, stand-alone works. Tags may be soft and tender but are typically characterized by loud, \"paint-peeling\", ringing chords. According to the competition rules of the Barbershop Harmony Society, every song entered for a competition must have a tag. As noted above, Tags can be sung as short stand alone works; typically sung at informal Barbershop social settings. The following Tag teaching guidelines help foster successful Tag singing sessions. Tag Teaching Guidelines, Items 1 – 6 are critical for successful Tag Teaching. Promote Tag singing and to get more singers teaching Tags. Tag (barbershop music) A tag, in barbershop music, is a dramatic variation put in the last section of the song. Its rough analog in Classical music is a coda. Tags are characterized by heightening the dramatic tension of the song, frequently including a hanger, or sustained" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Bagrat III of Imereti Bagrat III () (1495-1565), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a King of Imereti from April 1, 1510, to 1565. He succeeded upon the death of his father, Alexander II, and faced repeated assaults from the Ottoman Turks as well as the conflicts with his ostensible vassal princes of Mingrelia, Guria, and Abkhazia who were frequently joining the enemy. In 1512, the Ottomans invaded Imereti through its southern neighbor Samtskhe and unexpectedly struck Bagrat’s capital Kutaisi. After the Ottoman army left Imereti, Bagrat launched a program of restoration, reorganized the church, and enforced a law condemning to death all who engaged in slave trading practiced by the Turks in conjunction with some Georgian nobles. In 1533, he persuaded Mamia I Gurieli of Guria and Mamia III Dadiani of Mingrelia to organize a combined and eventually disastrous expedition against the piratical North Caucasian tribe of Zichi which had come under the Turkish influence. Despite this setback, Bagrat now decided to deliver a blow to the Ottoman positions in southern Georgia. In 1535, he invaded the principality of Samtskhe, which was exploited by the Turks as a portal for their incursions into inner Georgian lands. At the Battle of Murjakheti near Akhalkalaki, Bagrat defeated and captured Qvarqvare III Jaqeli, prince-atabeg of Samtskhe, and annexed a bulk of his possessions to Imereti. At the request of Qvarqvare’s son Kaikhosro, the Ottoman army invaded Imereti, only to put to flight by Bagrat and his ally Rostom, prince of Guria. The prince of Mingrelia, Levan I Dadiani, however, defied Bagrat’s call to arms, and later sided with the Ottomans, even traveling to Istanbul, where he received gifts and assurances of protection. In 1545, Bagrat and his ally Luarsab I of Kartli suffered a bitter defeat at the Battle of Sokhoista in 1545. As a result, Samtskhe wrested of Bagrat’s control, and came under the Ottoman hegemony. In the following years, the principalities of Mingrelia and Guria also asserted their de facto independence from the crown of Imereti, further reducing the royal power. In 1555, in the Treaty of Amasya, the Ottoman and Persian empires divided Georgia, with Imereti falling into the Ottoman sphere of influence. Bagrat attempted to disrupt the Turco-Persian deal by pushing claims to the town of Surami which lay in the Persian zone in eastern Georgia. The move brought to nothing, however, and Bagrat was forced to pay tribute to the Ottomans. He died in 1565 and was succeeded by his son, George II. Bagrat was married to a certain woman named Elene who died in 1565. He had four sons and two daughters: Bagrat III of Imereti Bagrat III () (1495-1565), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a King of Imereti from April 1, 1510, to 1565. He succeeded upon the death of his father, Alexander II, and faced repeated assaults from the Ottoman Turks as well as the conflicts with his ostensible vassal princes of Mingrelia, Guria, and Abkhazia who were frequently joining the enemy. In 1512, the" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Teckberg Teckberg is a mountain at \"Landkreis Esslingen\" in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, with an elevation of 775 metres. Situated on top is castle Teck. The Teckberg jumps from Swabian Jura edge from about 3 km towards the north front and overlooks the Albvorland to 350 m, the Lauter (Neckar) valley to 400 m. He is flanked of the approximately 602 m high foothills Hörnle and Hohenbol north and northwest. Both Foothills include smokestacks of the Swabian volcano. North below the Hörnle is the glider area Teck (between Dettingen unter Teck and Bissingen an der Teck). The slope of the Teckberg formed by the Yellow Rock, a Schwammriff the Jura sea of bright lime. Under the \"Gelber Fels\", is the 31 m long and 45 m high Veronikahöhle, which is connected through columns with Verena-Beutlins-Loch. East of the Gelber Fels (Yellow Rock) three grave mounds indicate from the Hallstatt period (800-400 BC) the early settlement of the Teckberg. Under the castle Teck is the 35 m long and 9 m high fabled Sibyllenloch, on the other side the 22 m long Sibyllenhöhle. It was only in 1937 discovered during construction work and was explored in 1977. During excavations in Sibyllenloch 1898/99 over 2,000 skeletal remains of cave bear, cave lion, cave hyena and wild horse were found. So many conclusions about the glacial fauna could be drawn. With regulation of the Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart from 9 November 1999, the entire Teckberg with an area of 386.0 hectares was reported as nature reserve. It was managed to preserve and promote an unusually varied cultural landscape with wet and dry meadows, orchards, hedges, forest fringes, alleys, groves, solitary trees, rocks, caves, springs and rare natural forest communities. These habitats provide a quality habitat for a variety of partly endangered plant and animal species. In the versatile natural area botanists could show 464 different plant species. Teckberg Teckberg is a mountain at \"Landkreis Esslingen\" in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, with an elevation of 775 metres. Situated on top is castle Teck. The Teckberg jumps from Swabian Jura edge from about 3 km towards the north front and overlooks the Albvorland to 350 m, the Lauter (Neckar) valley to 400 m. He is flanked of the approximately 602 m high foothills Hörnle and Hohenbol north and northwest. Both Foothills include smokestacks of the Swabian volcano. North below the Hörnle is the glider area Teck (between Dettingen unter Teck and" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Webroot Window Washer Webroot Window Washer was a tool designed to protect user's privacy by permanently deleting all traces of web browsing history and other personal information files on a computer running Microsoft Windows. Currently, no further versions are planned as the program is no longer being updated. Window Washer .95 was the first launch of the product and was originally designed to remove unwanted files that accumulate on a computer’s hard drive while surfing the internet. The areas of trace file removal include: Internet history, address bar, cache, cookies, recent documents list, recycle bin, ICQ history and any other temporary internet files stored on a computer after a web search. Window Washer has a total removal feature which completely erases everything found on the hard drive including the operating system. Beginning with the 1.0 version launch in mid-1998, a new process was added to the file deletion process known as “bleaching”. This file encryption process seeks out files with random characters in their names, destroys them and then permanently removes them from the computer’s hard drive. A custom cookie selection feature was also added to allow users to select specific cookies to be excluded from the deletion process making it so homepages, internet preferences, logins and passwords can be stored for future visits to a website. Software updates also included the ability to clean CHK files created by scandisk and third party programs files such as ActiveX and Java that are downloaded by Internet Explorer. The 2.0 version updates launched in late 1998 were primarily designed to be able to match the advancements in visual improvements of Windows 95/98 and NT 4.0. Window Washer adapted its user interface to allow users to use the software under the multiple users programming of the new Window’s operations systems. This version of Window Washer also supported Netscape 4.5 and Internet Explorer 5.0 as well as the added features that came along with it such as the keyword storing feature in search engines, and personal information stored after being entered into online auto-complete form. Users also gained the ability to reassign a wash path for commonly washed items and do command-line washes. Routine cleaning cycles were reprogrammed to include the cleaning of the information stored in the Windows Registry (aka “streams”) which deletes tracking paths the past actions of the user. Additional features in the 2.0 launch included a real-time counter for \"Drive Space Restored\" and \"Items Washed\" was added to the status window. Custom plug-ins were also made available in beginning with this version so that history pathways left behind by popular media programs such as RealPlayer and Adobe Acrobat would be included in wash cycles. A customizable user interface was added as a feature in the 3.0 version launch in early 2000. Additional third party plug-ins were made available for download as well as the ability to wash the recent history cache of Windows Media Player. Increased compatibility was also added for Netscape 6, MSN, Explorer 6, and AOL 6. The interface was again updated to include easier custom configuration for the preferences and settings. The most notable upgrade to the 4.0 version was the addition of the automatic check for updates feature. This release also included enhanced password security, an improvement in the destroying and deleting function when bleaching, and increased efficiency in cleaning sweeps overall. Version 4.0 made Window Washer compatible with AOL 7.0 beta, Netscape 6.1, Windows XP, and Internet Explorer 6.0. Window Washer 5.0 eventually included a requested feature; a one-click personal privacy safety option that shreds and permanently destroys and deletes files and folders. Version 5.0 also came with a built in safety feature that prompts the user to confirm a requested delete of files in categories in which personal files are commonly stored or that operating system files are saved so that files are not unintentionally deleted. Other 5.0 features included a Cookie Keeper, which helps to maintain internet settings, and a My Personal Favorites option to organize frequently visited sites without having them deleted in clean-up cycles. The 6.0 product launch included a completely new user interface as well as cleaning for more internet browsers including Mozilla and Firefox. Version 6.6 is the latest version of the product available and makes Window Washer compatible with Windows 7 and Windows Vista Operating System (32 bit and 64 bit). It also includes cleaning functions for Internet Explorer 8. Webroot Window Washer Webroot Window Washer was a tool designed to protect user's privacy by permanently deleting all traces of web browsing history and other personal information files on a computer running Microsoft Windows. Currently, no further versions are planned as the program is no longer being updated. Window Washer .95 was the first launch of the product and was originally designed to remove unwanted files that accumulate" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Vishnu (TV actor) Vishnu is an Indian actor who has worked on Tamil films and television series. After making a breakthrough as an actor through his role in \"Office\" (2013), he has worked on films including \"Mapla Singam\" (2016) \"Ivan Yarendru Therikiratha\" (2017) and ‘’Kalari’’ (2018). As a part of his post-graduate degree, Vishnu approached Pradeep Milroy Peter, the programming head of STAR Vijay, for a presentation regarding TRPs. Peter was impressed with Vishnu and hired him to the channel as a programme producer, from which Vishnu slowly got into acting roles. He made his breakthrough as an actor with his role as Vishnuvardhan in the television series, \"Office\", co-starring Karthik and Shruthi Raj. Vishnu made his debut as an actor in films through a supporting role in \"Mapla Singam\" (2016), an action film starring Vemal and Anjali in the lead roles. His first film as the lead actor, \"Ivan Yarendru Therikiratha\" (2017), had a delayed release and failed to garner attention at the box office as a result of other high-profile releases. The film was a comedy about a man who was born on Valentine's Day finding it difficult to get a lover, and saw him appear alongside actresses Ishaara Nair and Varsha Bollamma. His forthcoming releases are \"Kalari\" alongside actor Kreshna and \"Sivappu Seval\", in both of which he portrays negative roles. Vishnu (TV actor) Vishnu is an Indian actor who has worked on Tamil films and television series. After making a breakthrough as an actor through his role in \"Office\" (2013), he has worked on films including \"Mapla Singam\" (2016) \"Ivan Yarendru Therikiratha\" (2017) and ‘’Kalari’’ (2018). As a part of his post-graduate degree, Vishnu approached Pradeep Milroy Peter, the programming head of STAR Vijay, for a presentation regarding TRPs. Peter was impressed with Vishnu and hired" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Charlotte Elizabeth Ferguson-Davie Charlotte Elizabeth Ferguson-Davie (1880-1943) was a British physician and the founder of the St. Andrew's Medical Mission and the St. Andrew Mission Hospital, the first women's and children's clinic in Singapore. Ferguson-Davie was born Charlotte Elizabeth Hull, the daughter of Edward Hull F.R.S., and she went on to become a medical doctor. In 1902, she married the Anglican Right Reverend Charles James Ferguson-Davie. Ferguson-Davie and her husband came to Singapore in 1909. Prior to coming to Singapore, she had worked in India as a medical missionary. In 1913, she helped create the St. Andrew Medical Mission in order to help care for the \"poor and disadvantaged.\" She opened a second clinic in 1914. In 1921, she published a book, \"In Rubber Lands: An Account of the Work of the Church in Malaya\". In 1923, she created the first women's and children's clinic in Singapore, named the St. Andrew's Mission Hospital (SAMH). She was able to obtain the land and get architects to work for her for almost \"nothing.\" The next year, in 1924, Ferguson-Davie expanded the services that SAMH provided, including a venereal disease clinic. Ferguson-Davie set up training classes, teaching nursing and midwifery. Ferguson-Davie became an officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1927 and in the same year, retired. She and her husband then moved to South Africa, where he worked at Fort Hare College. Ferguson-Davie died in 1943. Ferguson-Davie was recognized for her medical work during the St. Andrew's Cathedral's Thanksgiving service in 2013. In 2014, she was inducted into the Singapore Women's Hall of Fame. Charlotte Elizabeth Ferguson-Davie Charlotte Elizabeth Ferguson-Davie (1880-1943) was a British physician and the founder of the St. Andrew's Medical Mission and the St. Andrew Mission Hospital, the first women's and children's clinic in Singapore. Ferguson-Davie was" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Hack! Hack! is a 2007 American horror film directed and written by Matt Flynn. The film centres on a group of students who, while on a field trip, become victims in a snuff film, and stars Danica McKellar, Jay Kenneth Johnson, William Forsythe, Sean Kanan, Juliet Landau, Justin Chon, Travis Schuldt, Adrienne Frantz and Gabrielle Richens. The film was released in the UK on July 20, 2007 before receiving a US release on December 11, 2007. On a small island, a man (Kane Hodder) is chased by an unseen figure. As he stops to catch his breath, he is decapitated by his pursuer. Meanwhile, a group of teenage college students, including the social outcast Emily (Danica McKellar), Emily's love interest Johnny (Jay Kenneth Johnson), the flamboyant homosexual Ricky (Justin Chon), jock Tim (Travis Schuldt), boyish lesbian Maddy (Adrienne Frantz), stoner Q (Won-G) and girly-girl Sylvia (Gabrielle Richens), are chosen to go on a field trip to a small island. The group, along with their teacher Mr. Argento (Mike Wittlin), meet Captain J.T. Bates (Burt Young) who takes them to the island on his boat. Here, the group meet the eccentric couple Vincent King (Sean Kanan) and Mary Shelley (Juliet Landau) who they will be staying with. Mary begins to film the group on her hand-held recorder, saying that she is an aspiring director. At night, while the group settle in and have dinner with Vincent and Mary, Mr. Argento finds he has to leave the island to retrieve some equipment. However arriving at the boat, Mr. Argento finds J.T. has been murdered. Meanwhile, the students have a bonfire on the beach. Q leaves the group only to be startled by a figure dressed up as a clown. When he tells the others the incident is ignored and everyone goes to bed, not knowing Mr. Argento has also been murdered. The following day, Sheriff Stoker (Tony Burton) arrives on the island in search of a missing hunter. He questions Vincent and Mary, but both deny ever seeing him, so the Sheriff leaves. Soon after, Tim and Sylvia sneak into the forest to have sex, but are quickly attacked by the killer who murders Tim with a chainsaw. Sylvia is chased through the forest but is eventually caught, before being locked in a cage in an underground dungeon. At dinner, Emily becomes concerned with the various group disappearances, before she realises the phone lines are down, however Vincent and Mary convince everyone there is nothing to worry about. The students again have a bonfire on the beach, while Q decides to try and search for a phone signal. He encounters the clown once again, who swiftly crushes his neck and kills him. With Q now also missing, Emily, Johnny, Ricky and Maddy enter the forest to find their fellow students. Meanwhile, Vincent and Mary are shown watching videos of various murders they have committed and filmed, revealing the couple are making a snuff film. Sheriff Stoker, having become suspicious about Vincent and Mary returns to the island, however he is quickly murdered by the couple with an axe. Ricky and Maddy search the forest, but Maddy is soon knocked unconscious by Vincent and Mary while Ricky flees. Maddy awakens sometime later tied to a tree where she encounters Willy (William Forsythe) who sets her free and tells her she can escape on his boat. While chasing Ricky through the forest, Vincent and Mary stop to record some footage. Vincent bites a chunk out of Mary's neck which eventually kills her, before Ricky attacks Vincent but is ultimately shot dead himself. As Johnny and Emily search the forest, Johnny finally kisses her. Overhearing Ricky's death, Johnny leaves to investigate. Meanwhile, Maddy searches for Willy's boat, but instead finds Emily standing next to a water well. Maddy warns Emily about the murders, but Emily unexpectedly pushes Maddy down the well where she is impaled on a spike. Vincent emerges from a nearby tree, congratulating Emily for her performance and luring the students to the island. Vincent informs Emily that Mary is now dead, and it is revealed the pair were having an affair behind Mary's back. Johnny soon returns to Emily, but is knocked unconscious by Vincent. Johnny awakens in the dungeon and finds Sylvia still trapped in the cage, which is hanging above a pool of piranha fish. Willy arrives and frees Johnny, but Vincent and Emily also arrive and shoot Willy in the chest with an arrow, presumably killing him. In the ensuing fight, Vincent is severely injured and Sylvia is plunged into the pool of piranha. Johnny is chased to the beach where he is caught by Vincent and Emily. However Willy reveals himself to have survived and fatally stabs Vincent, but Emily quickly shoots Willy in the head, killing him. Johnny continues to fight with Emily, before Sylvia also reveals herself to have survived, and she finally kills Emily. Deputy Radley (Lochlyn Munro) then arrives on the island to take Johnny and Sylvia home. In a flashback scene, Deputy Radley is shown to be involved with the snuff film, leaving it unknown if Johnny and Sylvia were saved or were murdered also. Hack! Hack! is a 2007 American horror film directed and written by Matt Flynn. The film centres on a group of students who, while on a field trip, become victims in a snuff film, and stars Danica McKellar," ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "The state legislature did not get around to granting a charter for the University until 1789. \n Name | Location | Founded \n---|---|--- \nNorth Carolina Arboretum | Asheville, Buncombe County | \nNorth Carolina Center for International Understanding | Raleigh, Wake County | \nNorth Carolina Center for Nursing | Raleigh, Wake County | \nNorth Carolina State Approving Agency | Raleigh, Wake County | \nNorth Carolina State Education Assistance Authority | Raleigh, Wake County | \nUNC Center for Public Television (UNC-TV) | Research Triangle Park, Durham County | 1955 \nUNC Faculty Assembly | Chapel Hill, Orange County | \nUniversity of North Carolina Press | Chapel Hill, Orange County | 1922 \nUNC Staff Assembly | Chapel Hill, Orange County | \n * East Carolina University (1920) \n * North Carolina Central University (1925) \n * Winston-Salem State University (1925) \n * Western Carolina University (1929) \n * Appalachian State University (1929) \n * Elizabeth City State University (1937) \n * University of North Carolina at Pembroke (1939) \n * Fayetteville State University (1939) \n * University of North Carolina at Asheville (1963) \n * University of North Carolina at Charlotte (1963) \n * University of North Carolina at Wilmington (1963)", "The General Assembly shall provide that the benefits of The University of North Carolina and other public institutions of higher education, as far as practicable, be extended to the people of the State free of expense. \n Within its seventeen campuses, UNC houses two medical schools and one teaching hospital, ten nursing programs, two schools of dentistry, one veterinary school and hospital, and a school of pharmacy, as well as a two law schools, 15 schools of education, three schools of engineering, and a school for performing artists. The oldest university, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, first admitted students in 1795. The smallest and newest member is the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, a residential two-year high school, founded in 1980 and a full member of the University since 2007. The largest university is North Carolina State University, with 34,340 students as of fall 2012. \n The following universities became four-year institutions after their founding (date each became a four-year institution in parentheses):\n With the exception of the University of North Carolina at Pembroke and the University of North Carolina School of the Arts, the institutions that joined the University of North Carolina in 1972 did so under their current name. As of 1972, all public four-year institutions in North Carolina are members of the University. \n The University of North Carolina is a multi-campus public university system composed of all 16 of North Carolina's public universities, as well as the NC School of Science and Mathematics, the nation's first public residential high school for gifted students. Commonly referred to as the University of North Carolina system or the UNC system to differentiate it from the original campus in Chapel Hill, the university has a total enrollment of over 183,001 students and confers over 75% of all baccalaureate degrees in North Carolina in 2008. UNC campuses conferred 43,686 degrees for 2008–2009, the bulk of which were Bachelor's level with 31,055 degrees awarded. \n University of North Carolina \n--- \nLatin:Universitat Carol Septet \nType | Public University system \nEstablished | 1789 (Chapel Hill) 1972 (current structure) \nPresident | Margaret Spellings \nAcademic staff | 13,564 (2008 Fall) \nAdministrative staff | 30,664 (2008 Fall) \nStudents | 228,524 (2016 Fall) \nUndergraduates | 182,462 (2016 Fall) \nPostgraduates | 46,062 (2016 Fall) \nLocation | Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S. \nCampus | 17 campuses state-wide \nWebsite | www.northcarolina.edu \n The General Assembly shall maintain a public system of higher education, comprising The University of North Carolina and such other institutions of higher education as the General Assembly may deem wise. The General Assembly shall provide for the selection of trustees of The University of North Carolina and of the other institutions of higher education, in whom shall be vested all the privileges, rights, franchises, and endowments heretofore granted to or conferred upon the trustees of these institutions. The General Assembly may enact laws necessary and expedient for the maintenance and management of The University of North Carolina and the other public institutions of higher education. \n Official name (Previous name) | Official abbrev. | Location | Enrollment As of Fall 2016 | Carnegie Classification | Founded | Nickname | Joined system | References \n---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|--- \nAppalachian State University (Appalachian State Teacher's College, until 1967) | ASU, App State (for athletics) | Boone, Watauga County | 18,295 | Master's University | 1899 | Mountaineers | 1972 | \nEast Carolina University (East Carolina College, until 1967) | ECU, East Carolina (for athletics) | Greenville, Pitt County | 28,962 | Doctoral/Research University | 1907 | Pirates | 1972 | \nElizabeth City State University (Elizabeth City State College, until 1969) | ECSU | Elizabeth City, Pasquotank County | 1,357 | Baccalaureate College | 1891 | Vikings | 1972 | \nFayetteville State University (Fayetteville State College, until 1969) | FSU | Fayetteville, Cumberland County | 6,223 | Master's University | 1867 | Broncos | 1972 | \nNorth Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (The Agricultural and Technical College of North Carolina, until 1969) | NC A&T; | Greensboro, Guilford County | 11,177 | Doctoral/Research University | 1891 | Aggies | 1972 | \nNorth Carolina Central University (North Carolina College at Durham, until 1969) | NCCU, NC Central (for athletics) | Durham, Durham County | 8,094 | Master's University | 1909 | Eagles | 1972 | \nNorth Carolina State University (North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering, until 1963) | NCSU, NC State or State (for athletics) | Raleigh, Wake County | 33,755 | Doctoral/Research University | 1887 | Wolfpack | 1932 | \nUniversity of North Carolina at Asheville (Asheville-Biltmore College until 1969) | UNCA or Asheville | Asheville, Buncombe County | 3,821 | Baccalaureate College | 1927 | Bulldogs | 1969 | \nUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (University of North Carolina, until 1963) | UNC-Chapel Hill, UNC-CH, North Carolina, or Carolina (for athletics) | Chapel Hill, Orange County | 29,468 | Doctoral/Research University | 1789 | Tar Heels | 1932 | \nUniversity of North Carolina at Charlotte (Charlotte College, until 1965) | UNC Charlotte, Charlotte (for athletics) | Charlotte, Mecklenburg County | 28,721 | Doctoral/Research University | 1946 | 49ers | 1965 | \nUniversity of North Carolina at Greensboro (The Woman's College of the University of North Carolina, until 1963) | UNCG | Greensboro, Guilford County | 19,647 | Doctoral/Research University | 1891 | Spartans | 1932 | \nUniversity of North Carolina at Pembroke (Pembroke State University, until 1996) | UNCP | Pembroke, Robeson County | 6,268 | Master's University | 1887 | Braves | 1972 | \nUniversity of North Carolina at Wilmington (Wilmington College, until 1969) | UNCW | Wilmington, New Hanover County | 15,740 | Master's University | 1947 | Seahawks | 1969 | \nUniversity of North Carolina School of the Arts (North Carolina School of the Arts, until 2008) | UNCSA | Winston-Salem, Forsyth County | 1,040 | Special Focus Institution | 1963 | The Fighting Pickle | 1972 | \nWestern Carolina University (Western Carolina College, until 1967) | WCU, Western Carolina (for athletics) | Cullowhee, Jackson County | 10,805 | Master's University | 1889 | Western Carolina Catamounts | 1972 | \nWinston-Salem State University (Winston-Salem Teacher's College, until 1969) | WSSU | Winston-Salem, Forsyth County | 5,151 | Baccalaureate College | 1892 | Rams | 1972 | \nNorth Carolina School of Science and Mathematics | NCSSM | Durham, Durham County | 700 | Residential High School | 1980 | Unicorns | 2007 | \n Sec. 9. Benefits of public institutions of higher education. \n Name | Term \n---|--- \nRev. Joseph Caldwell | 1804–1812 \nRobert Hett Chapman | 1812–1816 \nRev. Joseph Caldwell | 1816–1835 \nElisha Mitchell * | 1835 \nDavid Lowry Swain | 1835–1868 \nRev. Solomon Pool | 1869–1872 \nRev. Charles Phillips | 1875–1876 \nKemp Plummer Battle | 1876–1891 \nGeorge Tayloe Winston | 1891–1896 \nEdwin Anderson Alderman | 1896–1900 \nFrancis Preston Venable | 1900–1914 \nEdward Kidder Graham | 1914–1918 \nMarvin Hendrix Stacy | 1918–1919 \nHarry Woodburn Chase | 1919–1930 \nFrank Porter Graham | 1930-1949 (UNC Consolidation in 1931) \nWilliam Donald Carmichael, Jr. * | 1949–1950 \nGordon Gray | 1950–1955 \nJ. Harris Purks * | 1955–1956", "Sec. 9. Benefits of public institutions of higher education. \n Name | Term \n---|--- \nRev. Joseph Caldwell | 1804–1812 \nRobert Hett Chapman | 1812–1816 \nRev. Joseph Caldwell | 1816–1835 \nElisha Mitchell * | 1835 \nDavid Lowry Swain | 1835–1868 \nRev. Solomon Pool | 1869–1872 \nRev. Charles Phillips | 1875–1876 \nKemp Plummer Battle | 1876–1891 \nGeorge Tayloe Winston | 1891–1896 \nEdwin Anderson Alderman | 1896–1900 \nFrancis Preston Venable | 1900–1914 \nEdward Kidder Graham | 1914–1918 \nMarvin Hendrix Stacy | 1918–1919 \nHarry Woodburn Chase | 1919–1930 \nFrank Porter Graham | 1930-1949 (UNC Consolidation in 1931) \nWilliam Donald Carmichael, Jr. * | 1949–1950 \nGordon Gray | 1950–1955 \nJ. Harris Purks * | 1955–1956 \nWilliam Clyde Friday | 1956–1986 (acting until 1957) \nClemmie Spangler | 1986–1997 \nMolly Corbett Broad | 1997–2006 \nErskine Bowles | 2006–2011 \nThomas W. Ross | 2011–2016 \nMargaret Spellings | 2016–present \n An asterisk (*) denotes acting president. \n Founded in 1789, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is one of three schools to claim the title of oldest public university in the United States. It closed from 1871 to 1875, faced with serious financial and enrollment problems during the Reconstruction era. In 1877, the State of North Carolina began sponsoring additional higher education institutions. Over time the state added a women's college (now known as the University of North Carolina at Greensboro), a land-grant university (North Carolina State University), five historically black institutions (North Carolina A&T; State University, North Carolina Central University, Winston-Salem State University, Fayetteville State University, and Elizabeth City State University) and one to educate American Indians (the University of North Carolina at Pembroke). Others were created to prepare teachers for public education and to instruct performing artists. \n During the Depression, the North Carolina General Assembly searched for cost savings within state government. Towards this effort in 1931, it redefined the University of North Carolina, which at the time referred exclusively to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; the new Consolidated University of North Carolina was created to include the existing campuses of University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, and the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. The three campuses came under the leadership of just one board and one president. By 1969, three additional campuses had joined the Consolidated University through legislative action:the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, the University of North Carolina at Asheville, and the University of North Carolina at Wilmington. \n Article IX of the current version of the North Carolina Constitution deals with all forms of public education in the state. Sections 8 and 9 of that article address higher education. Sec. 8. Higher education. \n The enrollment numbers are the official headcounts (including all full-time and part-time, undergrad and postgrad students) from University of North Carolina website:https://web.archive.org/web/20100527154058/https://www.northcarolina.edu/web/facts.php. This does not include the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, the figure for NCSSM is taken from its own website:https://web.archive.org/web/20080919063321/http://www.ncssm.edu/about-ncssm/facts.php. \n In 1971, North Carolina passed legislation bringing into the University of North Carolina all 16 public institutions that confer bachelor's degrees. This round of consolidation granted each constituent institution a Chancellor and a Board of Trustees. In 1985, the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, a residential high school for gifted students, was declared an affiliated school of the university. In 2007, the high school became a full member of the university. \n While the official names of each campus are determined by the North Carolina General Assembly, abbreviations are determined by the individual school. \n That a school or schools shall be established by the Legislature, for the convenient instruction of youth, ... and all useful learning shall be duly encouraged, and promoted, in one or more universities, \n The legal authority and mandate for the University of North Carolina is contained in the State's first Constitution (1776), which provided in Article XLI \n Statutory provisions stipulate the current function and cost to students of the University of North Carolina." ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "-yllion -yllion is a proposal from Donald Knuth for the terminology and symbols of an alternate decimal superbase system. In it, he adapts the familiar English terms for large numbers to provide a systematic set of names for much larger numbers. In addition to providing an extended range, \"-yllion\" also dodges the long and short scale ambiguity of -illion. Knuth's digit grouping is exponential instead of linear; each division doubles the number of digits handled, whereas the familiar system only adds three or six more. His system is basically the same as one of the ancient and now-unused Chinese numeral systems, in which units stand for 10, 10, 10, 10, ..., 10, and so on. Today the corresponding characters are used for 10, 10, 10, 10, and so on. In Knuth's \"-yllion\" proposal: Each new number name is the square of the previous one — therefore, each new name covers twice as many digits. Knuth continues borrowing the traditional names changing \"illion\" to \"yllion\" on each one. Abstractly, then, \"one n-yllion\" is formula_1. \"One trigintyllion\" (formula_2) would have 2+1, or 42;9496,7297, or nearly forty-three myllion (4300 million) digits (by contrast, a conventional \"trigintillion\" has merely 94 digits — not even a hundred, let alone a thousand million, and still 7 digits short of a googol). Better yet, \"one centyllion\" (formula_3) would have 2+1, or 507,0602;4009,1291:7605,9868;1282,1505, or about a half tryllion digits, whereas a conventional \"centillion\" has only 304 digits. For a more extensive table, see Myriad system. The corresponding Chinese numerals are given, with the traditional form listed before the simplified form. Today these numerals are still in use, but are used for different values. -yllion -yllion is a proposal from Donald Knuth for the terminology and symbols of an alternate decimal superbase system. In it, he adapts the familiar" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Mota Singh Sir Mota Singh, QC (26 July 1930 – 13 November 2016) was a British judge who was noted for being the United Kingdom's first Asian judge. Singh was born in 1930 in Nairobi, Kenya. He was only sixteen years of age when he lost his father, Sardar Dalip Singh. The responsibility of the family with five younger siblings, widowed mother and grandfather fell upon him forcing him to leave his studies. However, Mota Singh's school teachers convinced his family to let him resume studies, undertaking to finance his school education. After a short stint as a clerk at the East African Railways and Harbours, he joined a European firm of lawyers in Nairobi. He was married meanwhile to Swaran Kaur in 1950 and a daughter was born a year later. He continued his Bar studies. In 1953, Singh accompanied by his wife and daughter went to England. After passing the Bar final examinations in 1955, he returned to Kenya in 1956, to start his own practice as a barrister in Nairobi. He also entered politics and was elected a City Councillor and then elevated to the position of alderman of the City of Nairobi. He went on to hold many responsible positions before he decided in 1965 to emigrate to England. He joined the English bar in 1967 and made headlines with his appointment to the bench in 1982, the first from a minority ethnic group and first judge to sit on the English Bench wearing a turban instead of a horse-hair wig. Singh retired from the Bench in 2002. In 2010, Singh was knighted by the Queen for his services to the judiciary and for his charitable works. Mota Singh Sir Mota Singh, QC (26 July 1930 – 13 November 2016) was a British judge who was" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Pat Kelly (musician) Pat Kelly (born 1944, Kingston, Jamaica) is a reggae singer whose career began in the late 1960s. Kelly was born in Kingston in 1944. After leaving school, he spent a year studying electronics in Springfield, Massachusetts, United States during 1966, before returning to Jamaica. In 1967, when Slim Smith left The Techniques, Kelly was brought in to replace him, recording for Duke Reid in the rocksteady era when Reid's Treasure Isle studio/label was dominating Jamaican music. Kelly's falsetto voice, strongly influenced by the American soul singer Sam Cooke, in combination with Winston Riley and Bruce Ruffin, maintained the success that The Techniques had enjoyed with Smith. The Techniques first record with Kelly, \"You Don't Care\", adapted from Curtis Mayfield's \"You'll Want Me Back\", spent six weeks at number one in the Jamaican singles chart, and was followed by further hits with \"Queen Majesty\", \"My Girl\", \"Love Is Not a Gamble\", \"It's You I Love\", and \"Run Come Celebrate\". In 1968, Kelly went solo, moving from Reid to Bunny Lee, and debuting with another Mayfield cover, \"Little Boy Blue\". Kelly's \"How Long Will It Take\" was the biggest-selling Jamaican single of 1969, and was the first Jamaican record to feature a string arrangement, which was overdubbed when it was released in the United Kingdom on the Palmer Brothers' \"Gas\" label. An album followed, the Lee \"Scratch\" Perry-engineered \"Pat Kelley Sings\" (sic), and Kelly was offered a £25,000 contract by Apple Records, which he was unable to accept due to existing contractual commitments. Kelly continued to record, having a big hits for producer Phil Pratt in 1972 with \"Soulful Love\" and \"Talk About Love\", and returning to record with Duke Reid, having another hit with a cover of John Denver's \"Sunshine\". He fell back on his earlier training, working as an engineer at Channel One Studios. He also moved into production, producing his own \"Youth and Youth\" album in 1978, and co-producing (with Holt) John Holt's \"The Impressable John Holt (Disco Mix)\" album in 1979.The late 1970s and early 1980s saw Kelly recording more regularly again, and he continued to record occasionally in the years that followed. Pat Kelly (musician) Pat Kelly (born 1944, Kingston, Jamaica) is a reggae singer whose career began in the late 1960s. Kelly was born in Kingston in 1944. After leaving school, he spent a year studying electronics in Springfield, Massachusetts, United States during" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Hadley Hills The Hadley Hills are a rugged glacial moraine located in The Thumb of Michigan, that extend from northern Oakland County and into southern Lapeer County. The hills surround the village of Hadley; the highest points and most prominent outcroppings are: Pinnacle Point, at 1,262 feet (385 m), Kerr (Cemetery) Hill, at 1,258 feet (383 m), both located in Hadley Township, Mt Christie, at 1,251 feet (381 m), in Metamora Township, and a point near Mayville, reaching up to 1,050 feet (320 m) above sea level. located in Hadley Township, in Lapeer County. The highest points The Hadley Hills are an extension of a larger collection of hills which are attributed to other geologically related moraines, that run in a southwesterly direction from northern Lapeer County and actually stretch as far south as northern Indiana, and Ohio. The southern portion of this moraine is known collectively as the Irish Hills. This glacial ridge, and plateau system, creates some of the highest points in southern lower Michigan, is dotted by numerous lakes, and provides the Detroit Metropolitan Area with many of its recreational areas, parks, ski resorts, and beaches, including the Ortonville Recreation Area, Metamora-Hadley Recreation Area, the Holly State Recreation Area, and the Mt. Holly, and Pine Knob ski areas. The Hadley Hills were created in a different geologic process from the rest of the moraines in the system, which were created by the advancement and retreat of the glaciers. The Hadley Hills, are instead, a veiki moraine, which is produced by the melting of leftover, or \"dead\" glacial ice, which created a plateau of glacial debris, instead of a typical ridge. This accounts for the numerous basin lakes, sinkholes, and unusual shape, and rough terrain associated with the hills. The hills provide habitat for wildlife, and are popular with hunters and fishermen. There is also a network of trails used by hiker, snowmobilers and also for horseback riding. Hadley Hills The Hadley Hills are a rugged glacial moraine located in The Thumb of Michigan, that extend from northern Oakland County and into southern Lapeer County. The hills surround the village of Hadley; the highest points and most prominent outcroppings are: Pinnacle Point, at 1,262 feet (385 m), Kerr (Cemetery) Hill, at 1,258 feet (383 m), both located in Hadley Township, Mt Christie, at 1,251 feet (381 m), in Metamora Township, and a point near Mayville, reaching up to" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "BAFTA Award for Best Production Design This is a list of winners and nominees for the BAFTA Award for Best Production Design for each year. The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) is a British organisation that hosts annual awards shows for movies, television, children's movies and television, and interactive media. Best British Production Design – Black and White 1964: \"Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb\" – Ken Adam Best British Production Design – Color 1964: \"Becket\" – John Bryan 1965: \"Darling\" – Ray Simm 1965: \"The Ipcress File\" – Ken Adam 1966: \"The Blue Max\" – Wilfred Shingleton 1967: no award given 1967: \"A Man for All Seasons\" – John Box Best Production Design (and Art Direction) 1968: \"\" – Ernest Archer, Harry Lange, and Anthony Masters 1970: \"Waterloo\" – Mario Garbuglia 1971: \"Death in Venice (Morte a Venezia)\" – Ferdinando Scarfiotti 1972: \"Cabaret\" – Rolf Zehetbauer 1973: \"The Hireling\" – Natasha Kroll 1974: \"The Great Gatsby\" – John Box 1975: \"Rollerball\" – John Box 1976: \"Bugsy Malone\" – Geoffrey Kirkland 1977: \"Fellini's Casanova (Il Casanova di Federico Fellini)\" – Danilo Donati and Federico Fellini 1978: \"Close Encounters of the Third Kind\" – Joe Alves 1979: \"Alien\" – Michael Seymour 1980: \"The Elephant Man\" – Stuart Craig 1981: \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\" – Norman Reynolds 1982: \"Blade Runner\" – Lawrence G. Paull 1983: \"La Traviata\" – Gianni Quaranta and Franco Zeffirelli 1985: \"Brazil\" – Norman Garwood 1986: \"A Room with a View\" – Brian Ackland-Snow and Gianni Quaranta 1987: \"Radio Days\" – Santo Loquasto 1988: \"\" – Dean Tavoularis 1989: \"The Adventures of Baron Munchausen\" – Dante Ferretti 1990: \"Dick Tracy\" – Richard Sylbert 1991: \"Edward Scissorhands\" – Bo Welch 1992: \"Strictly Ballroom\" – Catherine Martin 1993: \"The Piano\" – Andrew McAlpine 1994: \"Interview with the Vampire\" – Dante Ferretti 1995: \"Apollo 13\" – Michael Corenblith 1996: \"Richard III\" – Tony Burrough 1997: \"Romeo + Juliet\" – Catherine Martin 1998: \"The Truman Show\" – Dennis Gassner 1999: \"Sleepy Hollow\" – Rick Heinrichs \"'2000: \"Gladiator\" – Arthur Max \"'2001: \"Amélie (Le fabuleux destin d'Amélie Poulain)\" – Aline Bonetto 2002: \"Road to Perdition\" – Dennis Gassner \"'2003: \"\" – William Sandell 2004: \"The Aviator\" – Dante Ferretti \"'2005: \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\" – Stuart Craig \"'2006: \"Children of Men\" – Jim Clay, Geoffrey Kirkland, and Jennifer Williams \"'2007: \"Atonement\" – Sarah Greenwood and Katie Spencer \"'2008: \"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\" – Donald Graham Burt and Victor J. Zolfo \"'2009: \"Avatar\" – Rick Carter, Robert Stromberg, and Kim Sinclair 2010: \"Inception\" – Guy Hendrix Dyas, Larry Dias, and Doug Mowat 2011: \"Hugo\" – Dante Ferretti and Francesca Lo Schiavo 2012: \"Les Misérables\" – Eve Stewart and Anna Lynch-Robinson 2013: \"The Great Gatsby\" – Catherine Martin and Beverly Dunn 2014: \"The Grand Budapest Hotel\" – Adam Stockhausen and Anna Pinnock 2015: \"\" – Colin Gibson and Lisa Thompson 2016: \"Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them\" – Stuart Craig and Anna Pinnock 2017: \"The Shape of Water\" – Paul D. Austerberry, Jeff Melvin, and Shane Vieau BAFTA Award for Best Production Design This is a list of winners and nominees for the BAFTA Award for Best Production Design for each year. The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) is a British organisation that hosts annual awards shows for movies, television, children's movies and television, and interactive media. Best British Production Design – Black and White 1964: \"Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb\" – Ken Adam Best British Production Design" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Thomas Happer Taylor Thomas Happer Taylor (December 11, 1934 – October 1, 2017) was a highly decorated veteran of the United States Army, a military historian, an author of seven books, and a champion triathlete. He served in Vietnam following in the footsteps of his father, General Maxwell D. Taylor. Thomas H. Taylor was born on December 11, 1934, in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, the second son of Lydia Happer and Maxwell Davenport Taylor. Soon after his birth the family moved to Tokyo, where his father, a fluent Japanese linguist, was military attaché. During World War II, while his father served in North Africa, Taylor and his siblings lived in Fort Bragg, NC, and Arlington, VA, where Mrs. Taylor worked for the Office of Price Administration (OPA) doling out gasoline ration cards. After attending high school in Berlin following the Berlin Blockade, Taylor returned to the U.S. He then matriculated to West Point from which he graduated in 1960. General Taylor once remarked about his son's undergraduate education: \"He did something at the Academy that I could never do. He made the choir.\" After a period in the Special Forces and in the infantry, Taylor volunteered for service in Vietnam, but was not permitted to begin his tour of duty there until his father Maxwell Taylor completed his service as Ambassador to Vietnam. He arrived in Vietnam as a captain in July 1965, joining the First Brigade of the 101st Airborne Division, (the \"Screaming Eagles\") which his father had commanded in World War II. Captain Taylor's first assignment was as the intelligence officer of his brigade. His commander had felt that his Special Forces training as a guerrilla fighter would be an advantage in combatting guerrillas, and this proved to be true. In September 1965, Taylor participated in the first encounter between a U.S. battalion and a Viet Cong main force battalion. Two company commanders were casualties in that battle, and Taylor inherited B Company, 2nd Battalion, 502nd Parachute Infantry Regiment, called \"Strike Force.\" Although \"parachute\" was in the group's name, the soldiers used helicopters exclusively. Taylor was awarded a Silver Star, two Bronze Stars for valor and the Purple Heart, the latter involving a wound that ended his command of B Company. After returning to the U.S., Taylor wrote \"A-18\" (Crown Publications, 1967) a novel about a Special Forces raid to kill Ho Chi Minh. Because he was still in the Army, Taylor was subject to Pentagon censorship. Despite the censors objection to the author's depiction of sexual seduction—\"...something unbecoming for an officer to do\"— \"A-18\" led to a fellowship to the prestigious Bread Loaf Writers Conference in Vermont. Eager to take on civilian subjects, Taylor decided to study sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. To him, being a Vietnam vet in Berkeley in the 1960s was \"like facing the Viet Cong on a second front.\" As a teaching assistant his classes were disrupted by window shattering rocks thrown by protestors shouting \"War criminal!\" His classes consequently were moved to upper floors. In 1970 Taylor wrote \"A Piece of This Country\" (W. W. Norton) about a black sergeant who found in Vietnam the respect he couldn't achieve at home. The book received many positive reviews. Publisher's Weekly called it \"a powerful novel.\" Writing in \"The New York Times\", Marin Levin observed that \"The Byzantine complexities of the Vietnam war are brilliantly sifted in this stunning history of a siege.\" This novel, identified by Ken Lopez as one of the 25 best books about the Vietnam War, earned Taylor the George E. Crothers Literary Prize awarded annually by UC Berkeley. Intermittent employment after grad school turned Taylor's attention to remunerative prospects in law. Not wishing to rely so much on his wife Pamela, a Pan Am stewardess, after earning a master's degree in sociology, Taylor entered the Hastings College of Law at the University of California in San Francisco. He was admitted to the State Bar of California in July, 1978. Graduation led to a legal job with Bechtel, the engineering/construction giant whose best paying jobs were in Saudi Arabia. There, one of the contracts Taylor negotiated was with the Bin Laden Group, which was building a city from scratch on the Persian Gulf. When five of his colleagues were arrested for consuming alcohol, to handle their case Taylor had to learn elements of Sharia Law. During this period, he wrote \"Born of War\" (McGraw-Hill), a historical novel about Orde Wingate, the controversial British officer who defeated the Italians in Ethiopia and led the famous Chindits in Burma during World War II. \"Library Journal\" commented that the book provided \"good historical background in a variety of settings\" and that it was \"smoothly written.\" \"Born of War\" was optioned several times by Hollywood executives but was never produced. In 1982 Taylor's Vietnam past returned in the person of his Vietnamese interpreter, Ben Cai Lam, whose true story of imprisonment and escape rivaled that of Dr. Haing S. Ngor, protagonist of \"The Killing Fields\". Taylor told the story of Ben Cai Lam in his first nonfiction book \"Where the Orange Blooms\" (McGraw-Hill, 1989). The Kirkus Review noted that when Taylor \"focuses on his own experiences and on the larger issue of what went wrong in Vietnam, he is invariably engrossing.\" This was followed by a second nonfiction book, \"Lightning in the Storm\" (Hippocrene), the story of the 101st Airborne Division's role in the Gulf War. \"The division operated some distance from where I worked in Saudi Arabia. That seemed so ironic.\" Booklist observed that the book \"is a good narrative that mixes the anecdotal and the analytical without unreasonably exaggerating the division's contribution to the coalition victory and that is written to be accessible to a broad range of readers. Taylor, who has written the book as a tribute to noncommissioned officers in particular, has the triple qualifications of being a writer, a veteran of the division, and the son of the late Maxwell Taylor, the division's commander during World War II.\" Now a well-known military historian, Taylor was commissioned by the US Army Ranger Association to write \"Rangers Lead the Way\" (Turner Publishing, 1996). His next project was \"The Simple Sounds of Freedom\" (Random House, 2002) based on the life of Joe Beyrle, the only American to have fought and been wounded in both the American and Russian armies. The book's title was borrowed from President Clinton's address on the 50th Anniversary of D Day at the American Cemetery in Normandy: \"These are the men who gave us our world. The simple sounds of freedom we hear today are their voices speaking to us across the years.\" The Library Journal commented: \"This is the riveting story of Joe Beyrle's amazing World War II odyssey...Taylor skillfully intermixes Joe's ordeal with the 101st's battles against the Germans, from D-day to Bastogne. He has carefully corroborated the details of Joe's adventures with other POWs and available documents. Fortunately, Beyrle is still alive to enjoy the recognition his unbounded courage deserves. This book belongs in all World War II collections.\" Booklist (August 12, 2002) noted that Taylor \"relates an incredible odyssey of Beyrle's escape attempts, survival in several POW camps, and ultimate escape to the advancing Russians, with whom he volunteered to fight and was subsequently wounded. Despite the presentation's compositional bumpiness, it carries Beyrle's courageous war mettle directly to the avid audience for stories concerning the legendary 101st.\" In the 1960s, while enrolled at West Point, Taylor had been the captain of the school's Modern Pentathlon team. Competition involved five activities: running, swimming, pistol marksmanship, fencing, and horsemanship. The sport prepared Taylor two decades later for the triathlon, which consists of running, swimming, and biking. While writing for the recently founded", "collections.\" Booklist (August 12, 2002) noted that Taylor \"relates an incredible odyssey of Beyrle's escape attempts, survival in several POW camps, and ultimate escape to the advancing Russians, with whom he volunteered to fight and was subsequently wounded. Despite the presentation's compositional bumpiness, it carries Beyrle's courageous war mettle directly to the avid audience for stories concerning the legendary 101st.\" In the 1960s, while enrolled at West Point, Taylor had been the captain of the school's Modern Pentathlon team. Competition involved five activities: running, swimming, pistol marksmanship, fencing, and horsemanship. The sport prepared Taylor two decades later for the triathlon, which consists of running, swimming, and biking. While writing for the recently founded Triathlete magazine, Taylor decided his articles would have greater authenticity if he attempted the sport himself. This led, in 1982, to his winning the U.S. National Champion in his age group, a feat that he repeated in 1985. His next championship came a quarter century later, with his victory in the 75–79 age category. Owing to his Purple Heart (which Taylor wore on his racing shirt), he was named to be the American flag bearer for Team USA in the World Championships at Gold Coast, Australia, and at Budapest, where he finished fifth. \"I wore mine for soldiers earning Purple Hearts in Iraq and Afghanistan. My wound was minor. Many of theirs are mind-numbing.\" Thomas Happer Taylor Thomas Happer Taylor (December 11, 1934 – October 1, 2017) was a highly decorated veteran of the United States Army, a military historian, an author of seven books, and a champion triathlete. He served in Vietnam following in the footsteps of his father, General Maxwell D. Taylor. Thomas H. Taylor was born on December 11, 1934, in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, the second son of Lydia Happer and Maxwell Davenport Taylor. Soon after his birth the family moved to Tokyo, where his father, a fluent Japanese linguist, was military attaché. During World War II, while his father" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Melodorum siamense Melodorum siamensis (Taxonomic synonym \"Rauwenhoffia siamensis\"; locally called nom-maew) is a plant in the family Annonaceae. \"Melodorum siamensis\" is a small tree, related to the ylang-ylang. It requires little care and can even be kept in containers, blooming from spring until fall. Despite their plainness, the flowers of the Melodorum have a smell that can travel very far. It is for this that Asian gardeners include it among their favorite garden plants. This plant can tolerate some shade; however, lack of sunlight adversely affects flowering. The \"Melodorum siamensis\" is a native tree of Thailand, a perennial plant with a small trunk, and a height of 1–2 meters, darkly-coloured stalks and drooping branches. Their leaves are especially monocotyledonous, long, and sharp. A single one can bloom as group of 1–3 flowers, which are yellow-green in color, 1–2 cm large, very fragrant, and have 6 petals. The flowers bloom throughout the year. Nom-maew are the endemic plants found only in the rain forests of central and southern Thailand, but are also popular house plants. The nom-maew is sometimes called the 'tree of Thailand'. This tree is a good container plant. It is relatively problem-free and requires little care. Even though the flowers are inconspicuous, a single flower has a quite strong and pleasant aroma, thus the plant has a high value and is often used in Asian gardens. It is an essential ingredient in a famous Indonesian herbal concoction which includes, besides Melodorum, ginseng root, powdered corn, etc. It has a pleasant taste and aroma, and can offer a variety of benefits including: improving muscle tone, expands circulation, reduces blood pressure, restores a regular heart rhythm, increases red blood cell count, reduces pain and fatigue, cleanses the body of toxic substances and stimulates intellectual activity. Nom-maew found can be found in Thai literature due to the fact that it is so common. For instance, the Thai poem \"Journey to Muang Klang\" (Sunthorn Pho, 1806) contains a reference to the tree. Melodorum siamense Melodorum siamensis (Taxonomic synonym \"Rauwenhoffia siamensis\"; locally called nom-maew) is a plant in the family Annonaceae. \"Melodorum siamensis\" is a small tree, related to the ylang-ylang. It requires little care and can even be kept in containers, blooming from spring until fall. Despite their plainness, the flowers of the Melodorum have a smell that can travel very far. It is for this that Asian gardeners include it among" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Middelalderparken The Medieval Park () in the borough of Gamle Oslo in Oslo, Norway. The park was built in 2000 in Sørenga in The medieval town of Oslo in The Old Town, Oslo (Gamlebyen). That is about ten minutes walk from the Oslo Central Station. The park is located within the so-called Medieval Park area, which also included the \"Memorial Park\" and Ladegården on the north side of Bispegata. In this area, development is not allowed due to ruins and plenty of cultural remains in the underground. In the Medieval Park are the ruins of St. Clement's Church, St. Mary's Church and the former royal estate front open in the day. Until the Medieval Park in the west is a water surface, a lake nicknamed \"Tenerife\". At the lake is half of the Oslo fjord shoreline as it appeared in the Middle Ages (about year 1300), reconstructed. The part of the park located at the lake is 43 acres in addition to the water on 22 acres. Park facility at the ruins of St. Clement's Church are also considered for the park and this area is 4.7 acres, of the park that total is 70 acres. \"Oslo Middelalderfestival\" is and Øyafestivalen was annual events located in the Medieval Park. The 2014 Oslo Middelalderfestival is located at Akershus Castle. Middelalderparken The Medieval Park () in the borough of Gamle Oslo in Oslo, Norway. The park was built in 2000 in Sørenga in The medieval town of Oslo in The Old Town, Oslo (Gamlebyen). That is about ten minutes walk from the Oslo Central Station. The park is located within the so-called Medieval Park area, which also included the \"Memorial Park\" and Ladegården on the north side of Bispegata. In this area, development is not allowed due to ruins and plenty of" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Russian-speaking Ukraine The All-Ukrainian Non-government Organization “Human Rights Public Movement “Russian-speaking Ukraine” () was founded on March 1, 2008 in Severodonetsk, Luhansk region during the II All-Ukrainian congress of deputies of all-level councils, and was registered on August 10, 2009 by the Ministry of Justice (Kiev). Protection of the rights and freedoms of Russian-speaking citizens of Ukraine and minority population through the preservation and further development of Russian language and culture, languages and cultures of national minorities; protection of the canonical Orthodox Church, religions and beliefs of native population of Ukraine, as well as their cultural, information and social environment. Vadym Kolesnichenko, The Chairman of Council Members: On April 8 the NGO \"Russian-speaking Ukraine\" and the Polish Society for the Remembrance of the Victims of Crimes Committed by Ukrainian Nationalists launched an exhibition entitled \"The Volyn Massacre: Polish and Jewish victims of the OUN-UPA\" in Ukrainian House in Kiev. It was premier exhibit in the Ukrainian travel tour. In April–October period of 2010 exhibition was displayed in Kiev, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia, Odesa, Mykolaiv, Sevastopol, Yalta, Kharkiv. On June 20–22 the Founding Convention of the International Human Rights Movement \"World without Nazism\" (of which the \"Russian-speaking Ukraine\" is one of several partners) took place in Kiev. More than 350 delegates came to this event, among them representatives of more than 150 non-governmental organizations from more than 20 countries, including parliamentarians from Russia, Ukraine, Latvia, Moldova, Israel. A new international organization called World without Nazism was the result of couple of forums on the lessons of World War II. They have been held in Berlin (December, 2009) and Riga (March, 2010). Public Report on the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages implementation in Ukraine. This analysis was prepared for information-gathering process designed to enable the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe to better evaluate the application of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in Ukraine and to adopt its own report. Additional information to the Public Report on the European Charter for regional or minority languages implementation in Ukraine. Public Report Concerning Observance of Regulations of Article 30 of the European Social Charter (Reconsidered) in Ukraine. Russian-speaking Ukraine The All-Ukrainian Non-government Organization “Human Rights Public Movement “Russian-speaking Ukraine” () was founded on March 1, 2008 in Severodonetsk, Luhansk region during the II All-Ukrainian congress of deputies of all-level councils, and was registered on August 10, 2009 by the" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Cornelius Johnson (American football) Cornelius Otis Johnson (born July 12, 1943) is a former American football offensive guard who played six seasons with the Baltimore Colts of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Colts in the eighth round of the 1967 NFL Draft. He played college football at Virginia Union University and attended Richmond High School in Richmond, Virginia. He was a member of the Colts team that won Super Bowl V. He was also a member of the Harrisburg Capitols and The Hawaiians. Johnson was selected by the Baltimore Colts with the 204th pick in the 1967 NFL Draft. He played in 74 games, starting seven, for the Colts from 1967 to 1973. He also played for the Harrisburg Capitols of the Atlantic Coast Football League in 1967. The Capitols served as Baltimore's farm club. The Colts won Super Bowl V against the Dallas Cowboys on January 17, 1971. Johnson played in nineteen games for The Hawaiians of the World Football League from 1974 to 1975. Johnson wears a prosthetic leg after being told, upon examination of a leg injury, that he had to have his lower right leg amputated due to complications from diabetes and MRSA. He is also blind in his right eye and partially blind in his left due to a stroke. He and his wife previously owned a helicopter business in Hawaii. Johnson has served as a mentor to student athletes in Prescott, Arizona ever since he arrived in the area during the late 1990s. Cornelius Johnson (American football) Cornelius Otis Johnson (born July 12, 1943) is a former American football offensive guard who played six seasons with the Baltimore Colts of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Colts in the eighth round of the 1967 NFL" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Veniamin Kaverin Veniamin Alexandrovich Kaverin (; real name – Вениамин Абелевич Зильбер, or Veniamin Abelevich Zilber)(, Pskov – May 2, 1989, Moscow) was a Soviet writer associated with the early 1920s movement of the Serapion Brothers. Kaverin was born in a family of kapellmeister of the 96th Infantry Regiment out of Omsk, Abel Abramovich Zilber and his wife Hana Girshevna Desson who owned a chain of music stores. His older sister, Leia Abelevna Zilber, married Yury Tynyanov who was a classmate of the Kaverin's older brother Lev Zilber. Kaverin studied at the Pskov Governorate Gymnasium and in 1923 graduated the Leningrad Institute of Live Oriental Languages, specializing in Arabic. In 1924 he also graduated the history and philology faculty of the Leningrad State University. During that time was close with the OPOJAZ members. Kaverin also married the younger sister of Yury Tynyanov, Lidia and had two children Natalia and Nikolay. During World War II evacuation in Yaroslavl, Kaverin completed his best-known novel, \"The Two Captains\" (1938–44), which colourfully recounts the adventures of Russian polar explorers before and after the Revolution. The book, awarded the Stalin Prize in 1946, was reissued 42 times in 25 years and was adapted for the screen twice, in 1955 and 1976. In 1966, Kaverin published a revised version of his 1929 study of Osip Senkovsky, \"Baron Brambeus\". Later, he worked on his reminiscences about the literary milieu of the 1920s, which contained passages highly critical of Soviet policies in literature. As \"The Moscow News\" commented on his centenary, \"Kaverin showed that even under the worst of conditions it is possible to retain one's human qualities and decency. His example is a reproach to so many other Soviet writers who sold their souls to the regime and committed reprehensible public acts\". Kaverin is buried at the Vagankovo Cemetery in Moscow. Veniamin Kaverin Veniamin Alexandrovich Kaverin (; real name – Вениамин Абелевич Зильбер, or Veniamin Abelevich Zilber)(, Pskov – May 2, 1989, Moscow) was a Soviet writer associated with the early 1920s movement of the Serapion Brothers. Kaverin was born in a family of kapellmeister of the 96th Infantry Regiment out of Omsk, Abel Abramovich Zilber and his wife Hana Girshevna Desson who owned a chain of music stores. His older sister, Leia Abelevna Zilber, married Yury Tynyanov who was a classmate of the Kaverin's older brother Lev Zilber. Kaverin studied at the Pskov Governorate Gymnasium and" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Order of Entrepreneurial Merit The Order of Entrepreneurial Merit () is the most junior of the Portuguese civil orders of merit, and is intended to distinguish those who have rendered, as an entrepreneur or worker, outstanding service in promoting appreciation or services in an economic sector. The Order has three categories: Agricultural, Commercial and Industrial; each of these correspond to specific related to the associated economic sectors, which is also reflected in the insignia of each category. Originally established on 4 June 1893 by Charles I during his visit to the city of Beja as the \"Civil Order of Agricultural and Industrial Merit\", the order was abolished with the founding of the Portuguese republic and reformulated in 1926. In 1991, it was renamed the \"Order of Agricultural, Industrial and Commercial Merit\" following the addition of a third class to recognise services rendered in connection with the trade and service sectors. Following legislation in 2011, the order received its present name, maintaining the three existing classes but extending the granting of the Commercial Class of Merit to the important tourism sector. Moreover, it is specifically provided for by the statutes of the order that it may be granted for the merit of workers in their respective sectors of activity. The order is awarded in three categories, each in five classes: Intended to distinguish those who have rendered, as an entrepreneur or worker, outstanding service in the promotion or enhancement of agriculture and the livestock, fish and forest resources of the country. Intended to distinguish those who have rendered, as an entrepreneur or worker, outstanding service in the promotion or enhancement of industry. Intended to distinguish those who have rendered, as an entrepreneur or worker, outstanding service in the promotion or enhancement of commerce, tourism and related services. The star for all three categories is a nine-pointed enamel star, in green for the category of Agricultural Merit, in blue for the category of Commercial Merit and in red for the category of Industrial Merit. In the center of the star is the national coat of arms in gold, which is surrounded by a white enamel border with either \"Agricultural,\" \"Commercial\" or \"Industrial\" Merit inscribed on it in capital gold-enamelled letters. The star is itself centered on a nine-pointed plaque, in gold for the degrees of Grand Cross and Grand Officer and in silver for the degree of Commander. Between each arm of the star is a five-pointed enamel star of the same colour as the star for the respective category of the order. The badge for all three categories is a miniature version of the star without the five-pointed stars between its arms. It is worn suspended from two crossed green enamel palms, at the end of a sash for the degree of Grand Cross, from a necklet for the degrees of Grand Officer and Commander, and from a ribbon on the left chest for the degrees of Officer and Medal. The ribbon for all three categories is of moire silk; it is green and white for the Agricultural category, blue and white for the commercial category and red and white for the Industrial category. Order of Entrepreneurial Merit The Order of Entrepreneurial Merit () is the most junior of the Portuguese civil orders of merit, and is intended to distinguish those who have rendered, as an entrepreneur or worker, outstanding service in promoting appreciation or services in an economic sector. The Order has three categories: Agricultural, Commercial and Industrial; each of these correspond to specific related to the associated economic sectors, which is also reflected in the insignia of each category." ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Sandy Johnson (director) Sandy Johnson is a Scottish director who has directed episodes of \"The Comic Strip Presents\", \"Inspector Morse\", \"A Touch of Frost\", \"The Ruth Rendell Mysteries\", \"Jonathan Creek\" and \"Auf Wiedersehen, Pet\". His first full-length film was \"Coast to Coast\" (1987) written by Stan Hey and starring John Shea, Lenny Henry and Pete Postlethwaite. In Scotland he directed \"Leaving\" (1988), \"The Gift\" (1989) and \"The Wreck on the Highway\" (1990) starring Lynn Anderson. In 1989 he directed Defrosting The Fridge, written by Ray Connolly and starring Joe Don Baker. In the 1990s he directed \"Gone to the Dogs\", \"Gone to Seed\" and \"Roughnecks\". In Australia he directed \"Supernova\" starring Rob Brydon. He directed the final two episodes of the first series of \"Kingdom\" and a 2007 episode of \"The Last Detective\". In 2001 he directed \"\" starring Stephen Mangan and Alison Steadman, written by Sue Townsend. In 2008 he directed \"Love Soup\", written by David Renwick and starring Tamsin Greig, and Series 2-7 of \"Benidorm\" (29 episodes from 2008 to 2015) written by Derren Litten. In 1998 he won a BAFTA for Best Drama Series for \"Jonathan Creek\" and in 2009 won a BAFTA for \"Harry & Paul\" and in 2011 a third BAFTA for \"Harry & Paul\". While studying Drawing and Painting at Glasgow School of Art in the 1970s, he was also an actor. He played several roles with Strathclyde Theatre Group and on film including one of the Knights of Ni in Monty Python and the Holy Grail\". In 2013 he directed \"Big Bad World (TV series)\" for Comedy Central starring Blake Harrison, Rebecca Humphries, Seann Walsh and David Fynn and \"The Spa (TV series)\" written by Derren Litten, starring Rebecca Front. In 2015 he directed the 8-part series \"Cradle To Grave\" written by Danny Baker and Jeff Pope, starring Peter Kay, Lucy Speed and Laurie Kynaston. Johnson's father Alfred managed a hotel near Loch Lomond which was frequented by celebrities and film stars touring the UK. Betty Hutton stayed there when appearing at the Glasgow Empire in 1952, also the likes of Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh, Glynis Johns, Richard Todd (whose Irish Wolfhounds were bigger than him), Jack Train, Kenneth Wolstenholme, Ralph Reader and Terence Rattigan. In 1955 Johnson (aged 2) was introduced to Tyrone Power who was visiting Glasgow to present Ruchill Hospital with equipment funded by the Roosevelt Memorial (Polio) Fund. Sandy Johnson (director) Sandy Johnson is a Scottish director who has directed episodes of \"The Comic Strip Presents\", \"Inspector Morse\", \"A Touch of Frost\", \"The Ruth Rendell Mysteries\", \"Jonathan Creek\" and \"Auf Wiedersehen, Pet\". His first full-length film was \"Coast to Coast\" (1987) written by Stan Hey and starring John Shea, Lenny Henry and Pete Postlethwaite. In Scotland he directed \"Leaving\" (1988), \"The Gift\" (1989) and \"The Wreck on the Highway\" (1990) starring Lynn Anderson. In 1989 he directed Defrosting The Fridge, written by Ray Connolly and starring Joe Don Baker. In the 1990s he directed \"Gone to the Dogs\"," ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "1951 Salad Bowl The 1951 Salad Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game between the Arizona State Sun Devils and the Miami Redskins. The Sun Devils were making their fourth bowl appearance in 11 years, and 2nd straight Salad Bowl after a 2nd place finish in the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association Miami was making their second bowl appearance in three years after being champion of the Mid-American Conference. A fierce Miami defense held Arizona State All-American Wilford White to 106 yards rushing as for the fourth time the visiting team won the Salad Bowl. White was held to his second-lowest rushing total of the season, though he did rush for one touchdown and also caught a touchdown. But Miami had a 21–7 halftime lead, as the Sun Devils could only muster 14 points to Miami's 13 in the second half. A balanced offensive attack led the way for Miami, who became the third straight visiting team to win the Salad Bowl. John Pont got the scoring started with a touchdown run in the first quarter. Jim Bailey had 108 yards rushing and two touchdowns while quarterback Nobby Wirkowski completed 16 of 24 passes for 231 yards and one touchdown. The Redskins (later renamed the RedHawks) would wait 11 years to play in another bowl game. The Sun Devils would wait longer, until 1970. Doherty left the Sun Devils after the game, citing job security. Hayes also left, for Ohio State. 1951 Salad Bowl The 1951 Salad Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game between the Arizona State Sun Devils and the Miami Redskins. The Sun Devils were making their fourth bowl appearance in 11 years, and 2nd straight Salad Bowl after a 2nd place finish in the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association Miami was making their second bowl appearance" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Augustine Clarke Augustine Clarke (c. 1780—June 17, 1841) was a Vermont attorney, banker and politician who was a leader of the Anti-Masonic Party and served as Vermont State Treasurer. Details of Clarke’s birth are not known for certain. His name is sometimes spelled “Clark” and he appears to have been born in Richmond, Massachusetts in about 1780. He was baptized in Richmond on March 15, 1786. Clarke moved to Vermont and studied law, although the details of his relocation and studies are unknown. He was admitted to the bar in Wheelock in 1804. In 1806 he was appointed Wheelock’s first Postmaster. In 1806 Clarke was admitted to the bar in Danville. In 1808 he married Sophia Blanchard in Danville. Sophia Blanchard’s sister Sarah was the wife of William A. Palmer, who served as Governor and United States Senator. Palmer and Clarke became leaders of Vermont’s Anti-Masons. Clarke practiced law in Danville. An adherent of the National Republican Party, he served in local offices including Justice of the Peace. In 1820 he served on the Vermont Council of Censors, the body which met every seven years to review statutes passed by the Vermont General Assembly and ensure their constitutionality. In the 1820s Clarke also became active in the American Tract Society. In addition, he was an active member of the American Anti-Slavery Society. He served as Caledonia County Treasurer from 1822 to 1824, and Caledonia County Assistant Judge from 1824 to 1825. In 1826 he was appointed President of the Caledonia National Bank, succeeding Palmer, who had been the bank’s first President. Clarke represented Danville in the Vermont House of Representatives in 1824, 1828, 1830, and 1832. In 1830 Clarke was appointed one of Caledonia County’s three Commissioners of Jail Delivery. Clarke was named to the Committee to Erect the State House in 1832. He took part in planning and overseeing construction of the Second State House, which was in use from 1833 until it was destroyed by fire in 1856. Clarke was one of the founders of the Anti-Masonic movement. William Wirt carried Vermont as the 1832 presidential candidate of the Anti-Masonic Party. Clarke was one of Vermont’s electors, and cast his ballot for Wirt. Benjamin Swan had served as Vermont’s Treasurer beginning in 1800 and often ran unopposed or with only token opposition. In 1833 Clarke ran as an Anti-Mason and defeated Swan in the election for Treasurer. William A. Palmer had run successfully for Governor as an Anti-Mason in 1831, and Clarke’s victory at the polls was considered additional evidence of the Anti-Masonic Party’s viability in Vermont. In September, 1837 Clarke was named to the Anti-Masonic Party’s National Committee. Clarke served as Treasurer until running unsuccessfully for reelection in October, 1837. That year Clarke had the highest number of votes, but at 47.3% fell short of the majority required by the Vermont Constitution. In cases where no candidate receives a majority, the Vermont General Assembly votes. By then the Anti-Masonic Party’s popularity was on the wane and the nation was in the midst of the Panic of 1837, and Clarke did not win the legislative election. By 1839 the Anti-Masonic Party had dissolved and Clarke joined the Democratic Party. In July, 1839 he was appointed United States Pension Agent for the State of Vermont. Clarke’s wife died in 1833. He subsequently moved to Montpelier. In 1840, he married Julia Jewett Hubbard. Clarke died in Montpelier on June 17, 1841, and was buried at Montpelier’s Elm Street Cemetery. Augustine Clarke Augustine Clarke (c. 1780—June 17, 1841) was a Vermont attorney, banker and politician who was a leader of the" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Lewis J. Clarke Lewis James Clarke (born 10 March 1927) was born in Carlton, Nottinghamshire, England. He is a landscape architect of the Modernist period. Clarke was one of Dean Henry L. Kamphoefner's early faculty members at the North Carolina State University School (now College) of Design, and has been recognised as the founder of several fields of study one of which was the introduction of ecological principles into the field of landscape architecture Clarke's parents lived in Gedling, Nottinghamshire, a small town near Carlton. He was the first of three children born to Roland and May Pringle Clarke. A sister, Aileen, married renowned commercial artist, Lancelot Jones; her twin brother, Graham Clarke (d. 2007) served in Korea and was noted for piloting the first hovercraft down the Oroonoko River on a trip sponsored by HRH the Duke of Edinburgh and the Geographical Magazine of The Royal Geographical Society in 1968. Clarke joined the Cub Scouts as soon as he was old enough and remained an active member of the Boy Scouts through his young adult life, earning the prestigious Wood Badge. Staying on as a troop leader as older men were drafted for World War II, Clarke was also a student at Loughborough then started his Diploma in Architecture at the University of Leicester. The first structure he designed during his studies as an architect was the 1st Nanpantan Troop's Headquarters still located on Nanpantan Road in Loughborough. Clarke's father built the front gates still in use and welded the insignias into the gate design. During World War II, Clarke served as an officer in the British Corps of Royal Engineers, GE 11 in Hong Kong. After the War, he returned to Leicester to complete his diploma and then enrolled at Kings College, University of Durham to become one of Brian Hackett's first three students to study landscape design. In 1951, Clarke was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship and a Smith Mundt grant to attend Harvard University's School of Design then under the leadership of Walter Chambers and Hideo Sasaki. Clarke graduated from Harvard in 1952 with a masters in landscape architecture. He has since been recognised as one of eight Sasaki era students whose work shaped the Modernist design period. His 1959 article, \"Teaching People To See,\" publicised a new way to approach design in the landscape about which Clarke had been lecturing for several years. Clarke is one of the last surviving faculty members appointed by the founding dean, Henry L. Kamphoefner, of the North Carolina State University School (now College) of Design. Clarke served on the faculty beginning in 1952. In 1955, he was a presenter and panel member at the Aspen International Design Festival. Additionally, his 1950s research on plants in artificial environments culminated later in enclosed mall applications. His work with students on \"regional reconnaissance\" is now a commonplace part of the ecological field as overlay analysis. His early endoscopic camera investigations, and three-dimensional model box studies with students steadily became a key aspect of spatial form evaluation methodology. It could be said that the \"model box\" principle was a precursor to CAD. Also, during his teaching career Professor Clarke was visiting lecturer and design critic at various universities including the University of Virginia, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Ball State, Harvard, Toronto, Michigan State, Louisiana State and Berkeley. While a professor, Clarke received two Distinguished Classroom Teacher Awards and an Outstanding Teacher Award. In 1961, Clarke was a Raleigh News & Observer \"Tar Heel of the Week.\" Developing his practice while a faculty member, Clarke was a pioneer in ecologically sensitive resort master planning. In 1964, he officially opened his practice, Lewis Clarke Associates. A seminal work entitled \"Design and Development Guide for Palmetto Dunes, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina\" was published in the mid-1960s. Palmetto Dunes was followed by Keowee Key, SC; Carolina Lakes, and Carolina Trace, Sanford, NC; Linville Ridge in the Smokies; and Fords Colony, Williamsburg, VA. Resigning his faculty position in 1968, Clarke focused on his practice. His professional work includes early community college planning in NC and VA, and prototype enclosed mall projects in Charlotte, San Antonio, Pittsburgh, Louisville and Cherry Hill Mall in New Jersey. Lewis Clarke Associates designed the first master plans for the N.C. Zoological Park, Fayetteville Street Mall in Raleigh, Research Triangle Institute, and the Western Electric campus in Greensboro. Wayne Community Hospital in Goldsboro, Mount Olive College, and Saint Andrews College in Laurinburg are typical of his NC campus projects. Clarke received numerous professional awards including ASLA and AIA Excellence and Merit Awards, Progressive Architecture Annual Awards and AAN Awards, some presented by first ladies Lady Bird Johnson, Betty Ford, and Nancy Reagan. Clarke served as president of the local ASLA chapter, on the Raleigh Planning Commission, and the ASLA National Accreditation Committees. Clarke is a 1980 Fellow of the American Society of Landscape Architects (FASLA), a member emeritus of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Society of Landscape Architects (NCASLA), a retired member of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA), and a Mason of Lodge # _______. He continued to practice with his firm, Lewis Clarke Associates until 2000. Retired, he now consults, writes, and paints. Clarke's papers and the Lewis Clarke Associates' drawings and documents are archived at North Carolina State University Libraries Special Collections Research Center. Clarke has been a US citizen since the mid-1950s. He was married to Kit Swinson of Mt. Olive, North Carolina for twenty years. They have four children; Nigel, Jennifer, Rachel, Lisa, and three grandchildren; Katherine, Sarah, and Cody. Lewis J. Clarke Lewis James Clarke (born 10 March 1927) was born in Carlton, Nottinghamshire, England. He is a landscape architect of the Modernist period. Clarke was one of Dean Henry L. Kamphoefner's early faculty members at the North Carolina State University School (now College) of Design, and has been recognised as the founder of several fields of study one of which was the introduction of ecological principles into the field of landscape architecture Clarke's parents lived in" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Pat Keysell Pat Keysell (7 June 1926 – 31 October 2009) was a presenter of the BBC television series \"Vision On\" which ran from 1964 to 1976. She was also a mime artist and administrator. Keysell was born in Tooting, London and brought up in Petts Wood, Kent. She was educated in Orpington and trained in mime at the Central School of Speech and Drama. She later emigrated, returning to Britain in 1958 with her son, after having divorced her husband. Keysell worked as a personal assistant to Ursula Eason (1910–93) who was the Assistant Head of BBC Children's Television from 1955 to 1970. She made her debut with \"For Deaf Children\" in the late 1950s by introducing mime to the format, acted out by deaf actors. By the time of \"Vision On\" she was a production assistant with the BBC's Drama Department and went freelance in order to present the new programme. Keysell was involved in \"Vision On\" at a very early stage when the series started in 1964, being the presenter and assistant to Tony Hart. Many of her ideas were included in the very early shows which were initially broadcast once a month, but eventually weekly. It was Keysell who delivered the catch phrase \"I'm sorry we can't return any of your pictures but we give a small prize for those that we do show\" after the programme's 'Gallery' feature. Her main contribution to early BBC television was that she helped to bridge the gap between hearing and non-hearing viewers. She did this by addressing the television camera and using sign language as she spoke. Keysell was a mime teacher for the Royal National Institute for the Deaf (RNID) and in 1968 was awarded a Winston Churchill Fellowship to study with the National Theatre of the Deaf in the USA. On her return she set up a company also named the National Theatre of the Deaf. The American company threatened to sue and the name was promptly changed to British Theatre of the Deaf which became a professional touring company in 1974 and was the forerunner of later projects developed by other deaf people particularly Terry Ruane who was general manager. It is arguable that other opportunities for deaf actors like the course at Reading University developed from Keysell's earlier work. After \"Vision On\" ended in 1976, she wrote and produced two series of the storytelling programme \"Under the Same Sun\" (1978–79) for Yorkshire Television. The title originated from a theatre show she had recently done with the British Theatre of the Deaf, \"Under the Sun\", and followed the same format, using the same stories. In 1992 Keysell wrote a mime workshop book called \"Mime Over Matter\". She then worked at the Brewery Arts Centre in Cumbria and on other projects before settling in Eastbourne, Sussex from 1996. Keysell and Tony Hart were reunited over lunch shortly before Hart's death, not having seen each other since the \"Vision On\" series had finished. After touring her own Compass Storytelling shows for many years, Keysell studied storytelling as a healing art at Emerson College and Mindfields College, subsequently developing her work in day centres, Crowborough Hospital, working with the elderly, adults and children with a learning disability, the Sussex Association for the Blind, Shinewater Court (people with severe physical disabilities) and in the hearing impaired unit in Willingdon School. Until May 2006 Keysell was Artistic Director of Compass Community Arts, a registered charitable arts organisation working with all branches of the community based in her home town of Eastbourne. She was featured on the BBC community programme \"See Hear\" on 1 April 2009, where she talked about her career in television and education. She retired and went to live in Italy, where she died aged 83, survived by her son Michael. Pat Keysell Pat Keysell (7 June 1926 – 31 October 2009) was a presenter of the BBC television series \"Vision On\" which ran from 1964 to 1976. She was also a mime artist and administrator. Keysell was born in Tooting, London and brought up in Petts Wood, Kent. She was educated in Orpington and trained in mime at the Central School of Speech and Drama. She later emigrated," ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "2008 in Strikeforce The year 2008 is the 3rd year in the history of Strikeforce, a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United States. In 2008 Strikeforce held 8 events beginning with, \"Strikeforce: Young Guns II\". Strikeforce: Young Guns II was an event held on February 1, 2008 at the San Jose Civic Auditorium in San Jose, California. Strikeforce: At The Dome was an event held on February 23, 2008 at the San Jose Civic Auditorium in San Jose, California. Strikeforce: Shamrock vs. Le was an event held on March 29, 2008 at the San Jose Civic Auditorium in San Jose, California. Strikeforce: Melendez vs. Thomson was an event held on June 27, 2008 at the San Jose Civic Auditorium in San Jose, California. Strikeforce: Young Guns III was an event held on September 13, 2008 at the San Jose Civic Auditorium in San Jose, California. Strikeforce: At The Mansion II was an event held on September 20, 2008 at the San Jose Civic Auditorium in San Jose, California. Strikeforce: Payback was an event held on October 3, 2008 at the San Jose Civic Auditorium in San Jose, California. Strikeforce: Destruction was an event held on November 21, 2008 at the San Jose Civic Auditorium in San Jose, California. 2008 in Strikeforce The year 2008 is the 3rd year in the history of Strikeforce, a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United States. In 2008 Strikeforce held 8 events beginning with, \"Strikeforce: Young Guns II\". Strikeforce: Young Guns II was an event held on February 1, 2008 at the San Jose Civic Auditorium in San Jose, California. Strikeforce: At The Dome was an event held on February 23, 2008 at the San Jose Civic Auditorium in San Jose, California. Strikeforce: Shamrock vs. Le was an event held on" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Convoys Wharf Convoys Wharf, formerly called the King's Yard, is the site of Deptford Dockyard, the first of the Royal Dockyards, built on a riverside site in Deptford, by the River Thames in London. It was first developed in 1513 by Henry VIII to build vessels for the Royal Navy. Convoys Wharf also covers most of the site of Sayes Court manor house and gardens, home of diarist John Evelyn. The site was owned until 2008 by News International, which used it to import newsprint and other paper products from Finland until early 2000. It is now owned by Hutchison Whampoa Limited and is subject to a planning application to convert it into residential units, although a large part of the site has safeguarded wharf status. The eastern area adjoining Watergate Street was Palmers Wharf. The King's Yard was established in 1513 by Henry VIII as the first Royal Dockyard building vessels for the Royal Navy, and the leading dockyard of the period. It brought a large population and prosperity to Deptford. The docks are also associated with the knighting of Sir Francis Drake by Queen Elizabeth I aboard the Golden Hind, the legend of Sir Walter Raleigh laying down his cape for Elizabeth, Captain James Cook's third voyage aboard Resolution, Frobisher’s and Vancouver’s voyages of discovery, despatching ships against the Spanish Armada, as well as for Nelson’s battles including Trafalgar. In 1698 Tsar Peter I of Russia aged 25, came to Deptford to learn about shipbuilding and seamanship. He was granted the use of John Evelyn’s Sayes Court, adjoining the Royal Dockyard, by William III. In three months he and his party caused considerable damage to the famous gardens, and also to the house, with \"much of the furniture broke, lost or destroyed\". Sir Christopher Wren was instructed to survey the property and declared it \"entirely ruined\". At the mouth of Deptford Creek, on the Fairview Housing estate, there is a statue, designed by Mihail Chemiakin and gifted by Russia commemorating Peter's visit. By the 18th century, due to the silting of the Thames, the dockyard's use was restricted to ship building and distributing stores to other yards and fleets abroad. It was shut down from 1830 to 1844 and in 1864 a Parliamentary Committee recommended that the dockyards at Deptford (and Woolwich) should be closed. Their recommendation was accepted and the Deptford dockyard was closed in May 1869, by which time it employed 800 people. It had produced some 450 ships, the last being the wooden screw corvette HMS \"Druid\" launched in 1869. Before refrigeration cattle had to be imported alive, and the Contagious Diseases (Animals) Act 1869 gave the City of London Corporation exclusive local authority for foreign animal imports and processing subject to its opening a market before January 1872. The complete site at Deptford, including a lease on the LB&SCR docks, was acquired and the market opened in 1871, By 1889 the site had been extended to . In 1907 at its peak, 184,971 cattle and 49,350 sheep were imported through the market but by 1912 these figures had declined to 21,547 cattle and 11,993 sheep. The Foreign Cattle Market was taken over by the War Department in 1914, on a tenancy agreement from the City of London Corporation, for use as the Royal Army Service Corps Supply Reserve Depot. On several occasions after the Armistice traders and others urged that the market should be reopened, however in 1924 the War Office exercised their option to buy it along with the adjacent the Sayes Court property for £400,500 () under deeds dated 25 March 1926, 18 March 1927 & 25 July 1927 including the railway, tramway, wharfage and jetty rights and easements. The Royal Naval Victualling Depot operated here which included a rum store. During the Second World War a bomb destroyed one of the storehouses and killed a number of men, a plaque was visible in the early 1970s commemorating this tragedy. During the war, because of the Blitz some of the stores were dispersed to various locations including Park Royal. The yard also served as a United States' Advance Amphibious Vehicle base and married quarters during the Second World War. On the closure of the Victualling Depot in the 1960s the establishment was renamed The Royal Naval Stores Depot and moved to a new building within Convoys Wharf. The Depot was the main Air Freight hub for the RN and was particularly busy during the Falklands War. It also continued as the central RN Stationery Store and Joint Services Baggage operations. The Depot closed in 1981. The site purchased by News International from the UK Ministry of Defence for £1,600,000 (), and a remainder in 1986, for £340,000 (). In 1993 the Greenwich and Lewisham (London Borough Boundaries) Order transferred the site from the London Borough of Greenwich to the London Borough of Lewisham. Most of the Tudor, Stuart, Georgian and Victorian structures above ground level that had survived until 1955 have since been destroyed. One structure that escaped the demolition is Olympia Warehouse, a unique cast-iron building constructed in the 1840s. However archaeological surveys carried out by CgMs and Pre-Construct Archaeology in 2000 by Duncan Hawkins, in 2000 by Jon Lowe and in 2001 by David Divers, established that by far the greater part of the dockyard survives as buried structures filled in intact between 1869 and 1950. The structures of the yard proper, the docks, slips, basins, mast ponds, landing places and stairs, constitute a substantial architectural fabric that is currently extant, though largely invisible, being covered by superficial accretion or infill. As yet there has been no archaeological investigation of the garden area of Sayes Court, and only limited trial trenching of part of the manor house. In October 2013 Deptford Dockyard and Sayes Court garden were added to the World Monuments Fund's 2014 watch list. The War Department hired the Sayes Court area and almshouses, from the City of London Corporation from 19 September 1914 to use as a Horse Transport Reserve Depot at a rental of £90 per annum (), to enlarge its Supply Reserve Depot at the Foreign Cattle Market. The fee simple of the Foreign Cattle Market and of the Sayes Court property were purchased by the War Department, for £400,500 (), under deeds dated 25 March 1926, 18 March 1927 & 25 July 1927 including the railway, tramway, wharfage and jetty rights and easements. From 15 December 1900 there was tramway access via Grove Street, to the Foreign Cattle Market, using their own Maudslay petrol locomotive. When the docks became an army depot the junction was relaid to standard gauge for direct connection to the LB&SCR. There was as well, an internal narrow gauge tramway system. When the War Department took over, they introduced steam locomotives to work the tramways, purchasing between 1915 and 1917, twelve oil-fired Warril type gauge locomotives from the Hunslet Engine Company. In December 1920 the Government announced the sale of the equipment from the railway at the Deptford Meat Depot. In 1921 Sir Robert Walker purchased three locos and 75 wagons for the Sand Hutton Light Railway, and purchased a fourth 1927. By January 1938 of the remaining eight locos, seven were apparently still in existence at Deptford, but out of use. In October 2000, 'Creekside Forum' set up the 'Convoys Opportunity' umbrella group in response to the News International Ltd plan to sell the Convoys Wharf site. Convoys Opportunity, composed of community organisations, churches, businesses and others in Deptford and beyond, campaigned to have the News International scheme refused and the safeguarding order upheld. In 2002 News International applied to the London Borough of Lewisham for outline planning permission to erect 3,500 residential units on the site. Lewisham councillors resolved to approve the application in May 2005. The Grade II listed Olympia Warehouse would have to be preserved and refurbished as part of the redevelopment of the site. New", "eight locos, seven were apparently still in existence at Deptford, but out of use. In October 2000, 'Creekside Forum' set up the 'Convoys Opportunity' umbrella group in response to the News International Ltd plan to sell the Convoys Wharf site. Convoys Opportunity, composed of community organisations, churches, businesses and others in Deptford and beyond, campaigned to have the News International scheme refused and the safeguarding order upheld. In 2002 News International applied to the London Borough of Lewisham for outline planning permission to erect 3,500 residential units on the site. Lewisham councillors resolved to approve the application in May 2005. The Grade II listed Olympia Warehouse would have to be preserved and refurbished as part of the redevelopment of the site. New International engaged Richard Rogers to develop a masterplan for the site. If the Mayor allowed the application it would then be referred to the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government. Reasons for such a referral would include a Government direction that half the site is safeguarded for freight use. Since freight wharves on the Thames were safeguarded in 1997 by the then Secretary of State for the Environment, John Gummer, only one operational wharf has been lost to residential use without a full public inquiry. This was Delta/Blackwall Wharf, a major aggregates wharf redeveloped as part of the Greenwich Peninsula masterplan. On 18 May 2005 a 50/50 joint venture company of Cheung Kong Holdings and Hutchison Whampoa entered into an agreement to acquire Convoys Wharf, to develop it as a mixed residential and commercial project, with News International retaining a profit share in the sale of the luxury homes proposed. In 2008 a new planning application was submitted by Hutchison based largely on the original Richard Rogers scheme. In July 2011 Hutchison Whampoa engaged Aedas to develop a new masterplan for the site and submitted an amendment planning application. Then in early 2012 Hutchison appointed Terry Farrell to revise the masterplan for the site and submitted a planning application in April 2013. In September 2011 a group of local residents launched a campaign, with the name \"Deptford Is..\" to oppose the masterplan proposed by the developers. They have proposed a couple of projects to connect to the history of the area and benefit the local community. These are the Lenox project (see below) and Sayes Court Garden. On 17 October 2013, Boris Johnson, the Mayor of London called in the application. In January 2014 Lewisham Council's strategic planning committee recommended that the outline planning application for Convoys Wharf in its current form be rejected. On 22 January 2014 Dame Joan Ruddock challenged the government to recognise the unique heritage features of the site. On 31 March 2014 the Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, approved plans to build up to 3,500 new homes on the Convoys Wharf site that has been derelict for since 2000. In 2013 the Lenox Project put forward a formal proposal to build a full-size sailing replica of HMS \"Lenox\", a 70-gun ship of the line originally built at Deptford Dockyard in 1678. The ship would actually be constructed on the dockyard site, and would form the centrepiece of a purpose-built museum which would remain as a permanent part of the development of Convoys Wharf. By late 2015 the project had gathered momentum, with more detailed plans fitting the building of the \"Lenox\" into the overall development of this part of Deptford. The 2015 Feasibility Study identified the Safeguarded Wharf at the Western end of the Convoys Wharf site as the most suitable place for the dry-dock where the ship herself would be built; the existing but disused canal entrance could then be modified to provide an entrance for the dock as well as a home berth for the finished ship. It is hoped that the \"Lenox\" will provide a focus for the regeneration of the area as the comparable replica ship \"Hermione\" did for Rochefort in France. Convoys Wharf Convoys Wharf, formerly called the King's Yard, is the site of Deptford Dockyard, the first of the Royal Dockyards, built on a riverside site in Deptford, by the River Thames in London. It was first developed in 1513 by Henry VIII to build vessels for" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Protected areas of Brazil Protected areas of Brazil included various classes of area according to the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC), a formal, unified system for federal, state and municipal parks created in 2000. Protected areas, also called conservation units, are divided into different categories according to their goals. These are defined by Law No. 9.985 of 18 July 2000, which established the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC). Objectives include conservation of nature, sustainable development, scientific research, education and eco-tourism, Fully protected units are expected to maintain the natural ecosystem without human interference. Sustainable use units allow sustained use of renewable environmental resources while maintaining biodiversity and other ecological attributes. The Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, which administers Federal units, defines the fully protected (\"proteção integral\") classes of unit as: The sustainable use units are: In addition, some states designate areas as ecological reserve (). Although not technically protected areas, indigenous territories () give the indigenous people full rights over the area, and serve as an obstacle to deforestation, mining and large-scale agriculture. As of 2016 there were 700 Indigenous Territories in Brazil, covering about 13.8%% of the country's land area. Most of them were in the Amazon Legal. The SNUC law defines a protected area mosaic as a collection of protected areas of the same or different categories that are near to each other, adjoining each other or overlapping, and that should be managed as a whole. Given the different categories of conservation unit and other protected areas in a mosaic, the different conservation goals must be considered. In addition to fully protected and sustainable use conservation units a mosaic may include private lands and indigenous territories. The SNUC law also recognises ecological corridors as portions of natural or semi-natural ecosystems linking protected areas that allow gene flow and movement of biota, recolonization of degraded areas and maintenance of viable populations larger than would be possible with individual units. The federal Ecological Corridor Project has its roots at least as far back as 1993. It has identified seven major corridors, with focus on implementing and learning from the Central Amazon Corridor and the Central Atlantic Forest Corridor. As of 2004 federally-administered conservation units covered 7.23% of Brazilian territory, below the level of 10% recommended by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Federal coverage was: Levels of protection vary considerably depending on the biome. Federal coverage as of 2005 was: Protected areas are subject to reduction, reclassification or declassification (RRD). Between 1981 and 2010 an area of was downgraded or lost in this way, with almost 70% of cases occurring since 2008. The main cause was making land available for hydroelectric dams in the Amazon region. Other reasons were property speculation and agribusiness. Protected areas of Brazil Protected areas of Brazil included various classes of area according to the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC), a formal, unified system for federal, state and municipal parks created in 2000. Protected areas, also called conservation units, are divided" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "An Innocent Man (song) \"An Innocent Man\" is a 1983 song performed by Billy Joel and the third single from his album \"An Innocent Man\". The song, whose musical style is an homage to Ben E. King and The Drifters, reached #10 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, the third consecutive top 10 single from the album. It also spent one week at #1 on the \"Billboard\" adult contemporary chart. Joel was quoted in a 1997 interview describing the high notes he sang during the song: \"I had a suspicion that was going to be the last time I was going to be able to hit those notes, so why not go out in a blaze of glory? That was the end of Billy's high note.\" No music video was made for this song. An Innocent Man (song) \"An Innocent Man\" is a 1983 song performed by Billy Joel and the third single from his album \"An Innocent Man\". The song, whose musical style is an homage to Ben E. King and The Drifters, reached #10 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, the third consecutive top 10 single from the album. It also spent one week at #1 on the" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Sant'Antonio di Padova, Santa Maria Nuova Sant'Antonio di Padova is a Neoclassic-style, Roman Catholic church located facing Piazza Magagnini in the town of Santa Maria Nuova, region of Marche, Italy. The church was designed in 1793 by the architect Mattia Capponi, but only built in 1884. The altar has a modern polychrome ceramic decoration by Vitali da Foligno and an organ from the 18th century. It has two altarpieces of note: an \"Enthroned Madonna with Child and Saints Roch and Sebastian\" (1598) by Filippo Bellini, and an \"Immaculate Conception with San Filippo Neri and San Nicola da Bari\" (1658) by Marcantonio Aquilini. The ceiling has a fresco painted by the Caprari of Osimo depicting a veduta of town of Santa Maria Nuova in the 1920s, as well as three saints venerated by peasants and herders: San Vincenzo Ferreri (Protector against Lightning), Sant'Emidio (Protector against earthquakes) e Sant'Antonio Abate (Protector of farm animals). Sant'Antonio di Padova, Santa Maria Nuova Sant'Antonio di Padova is a Neoclassic-style, Roman Catholic church located facing Piazza Magagnini in the town of Santa Maria Nuova, region of Marche, Italy. The church was designed in 1793 by the architect Mattia Capponi, but only built in 1884. The altar" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Daphne's Flight Daphne’s Flight was an album that resulted from a collaboration between five of the most highly regarded female vocalists, instrumentalist and songwriters in the British folk and root music scene: Christine Collister, Melanie Harrold, Julie Matthews, Helen Watson and Chris While. The collaboration resulted in a highly regarded album and a sell out tour. The project helped to cement relationships between the members, raised their individual profiles nationally and internationally and has been seen as marking a turning point in the role of women within the English folk movement. The group made their début at the 1995 Cambridge Folk Festival, where they were one of the hits of the event. This was followed by a major concert at London's prestigious Union Chapel in December. In January 1996 they recorded their eponymous album in ten days, fitted between busy schedules, in The Big Room, Kirk Michael, the Isle of Man. The studio had to be completed by builders working though the night. The album is marked by some the member's best writing and some highly successful covers, all tracks are notable for the rich harmonies between the singers. The result was very positively reviewed in the folk and roots music press and gained considerable mainstream press and media attention. The group followed the release with a popular major 18-date tour of England through May and June 1996. The project proved a one off for the time being as the members pursued their own careers, but they have appeared on and contributed to each other’s albums and live appearances. Partial reunions have occurred for specific gigs, and in 2003 at the Prebendal Festival they reassembled for a reunion. Daphne's Flight (First Album) 1996 Knows Time, Knows Change 2017 Daphne's Flight Daphne’s Flight was an album that resulted from a collaboration" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "América Football Club (CE) América Football Club, is an association football club based in Fortaleza, the capital of the north-east Brazilian state of Ceará. The club was founded on November 11, 1920 and plays home games at Estádio Presidente Vargas, which has a maximum capacity of 23,000 people. América's mascot used to be a devil, but it was replaced with an eagle in the early 1990s. The club is primarily of historic importance in its home state. Greatest achievements were the Championships of the State of Ceará of 1935 and 1966. In the years 1933, 1934, 1940, 1943, 1948 and 1954 América was runner up of the competition. In 1967 América qualified as state champion of 1966 for participation in the Taça Brasil, the national championship competition of those days. América won there the \"Grupo Norte da Zona Norte da Taça Brasil\", winning both finals against the Champion of Pará, Paysandu SC from Belém, 1–0. In October 1967 a crowd of 40,000 witnessed when América was eliminated from the competition after a 0–1 home defeat against Náutico from Recife. After the state championship in 1935 América, alongside Flamengo, SC Argentino and Duque de Caxias, broke away from the league to establish, without lasting success, an alternative association. América returned to the fold in 1938. Between 1921 and 1997 América played 64 seasons in the first state division. After 1997 the club played for seven years in the second division before being relegated to the third level where it also suffered a few relegations. A first place in 2013 afforded it a return to the second division in 2014. A formative figure in the history of the club was the journalist and radio broadcaster Alberto Damasceno, who was president of the club for 23 years before he passed on the office to his son Gian Paolo Damasceno in the mid of the first decade of the 2000s. The most remarkable player in the history of the club was José Ribamar de Oliveira \"Canhoteiro\", sometimes considered the left wing pendant to Garrincha. He played for América from 1949 until his move to São Paulo FC in 1953. The basketball team of the club dominated in Ceará during the 1960s and won the state championships of 1962, 1963, 1964, 1966 and 1967. The futsal team was similarly dominant and won altogether eight state championships in the years 1957, 1958, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968 and 1969. América Football Club (CE) América Football Club, is an association football club based in Fortaleza, the capital of the north-east Brazilian state of Ceará. The club was founded on November 11, 1920 and plays home games at Estádio Presidente Vargas, which has a maximum capacity of 23,000 people. América's mascot used to be a devil, but it was replaced with an eagle in the early 1990s. The club is primarily of historic importance in its home state. Greatest achievements were the Championships of the State of Ceará of 1935 and 1966. In the years 1933, 1934, 1940," ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Albert Raisner Albert Raisner (30 September 1922 in Apolda, Germany – 1 January 2011 in Boulogne-Billancourt, France) was a French harmonica player, founder of the award-winning Trio Raisner and a TV and radio host and producer. He was the host of the hit show Age Tendre et Tetes de Bois, which aired from 1961 to 1967 and featured world-renowned artists including The Beatles, Elvis Presley, Stevie Wonder, Isaac Hayes and French singers Johnny Hallyday and Claude Francois. He is regarded as an icon and a pioneer of French television, sometimes compared to Ed Sullivan, and was knighted by the French president in 1977. Born in Thuringia of a French father and a German mother, Albert Raisner arrived in Paris at age 7. His socially modest family lived in Montmartre in the 18th arrondissement of the capital in a 400 square feet apartment. He had two brothers, one older, one younger. His father, a sales representative and music enthusiast, taught him violin, piano, trumpet, guitar and clarinet early on. Albert Raisner thereby acquired classical musical training; nevertheless, harmonica was his favorite instrument. His first audience was that of the boy scouts of which he was a member. He played during vigils around camp fire. Thereafter, he refined his talent with musician Charles Rodriguez (a gypsy guitarist, violinist, man band and harmonica pioneer in France). Until 1939, he participated in the activities of Studio Rodriguez (officially 'French Association for Musical Expansion') and became known in the entertainment world. He joined legendary gypsy guitarist Django Reinhardt on tour. Albert Raisner would also participate in the circus world, with Cirque Pinder, where he learned trapeze. He studied at Colbert High School before spending a year at Ecole Normale d'Auteuil, both in Paris, and earning a Ph.D. in linguistics. A teenager during the Second World War, he experienced food rationing and the bombing of his street. He joined the Resistance in Beaulieu-sur-Dordogne in Correze in Free France. During the war, Albert Raisner joined the semi-clandestine jazz underworld and created the Club for Harmonica ('CHARM'). With Sirio Rossi and Adrien Belin, Albert Raisner formed the Trio Raisner, which would become a regular feature of radio and TV programs. The trio was recruited to play during shows for the American Army in Europe. The Trio Raisner earned large-scale success upon D-Day and at Liberation with the American Special Service (an effort to provide entertainment for US-soldiers in Europe) in Frankfurt where he shared scene and airtime with Frank Sinatra, Louis Armstrong, Marlene Dietrich, Elvis Presley, Ella Fitzgerald and Duke Ellington. Thereafter, the Trio Raisner performed numerous, highly successful shows and tours in France. More than solely musicians, members of the trio were showmen, musical scene pioneers, mixing harmonica, songs, dances and humor. Soon after, the trio toured out of France including in countries such as Germany, Great Britain, Italy and Israel. It was also featured numerous times on international radio channels and in movies. Albert Raisner kept composing his trio's songs, and in 1952 the Trio Raisner received the 'Grand Prix du Disque' (Best Song of the Year award) for 'Le Canari'. The trio dissolved at the end of the 1950s, and Albert Raisner continued his harmonicist career as a solo artist. He hosted the first part of Chuck Berry's Olympia concert. He also wrote a book, \"Le Livre de l'Harmonica\", in which he retraces the history of the musical instrument, his users, as well as his own history as a musician. Albert Raisner was among the first hosts of the \"Jeu des 1000 Francs\", one of the longest-running French radio programs. Albert Raisner created his signature show \"Age Tendre et Tete de Bois\" in 1961, which would become a staple of French TV and a legendary program. It was a music show on prime time, Saturday night, on France's unique TV channel, RTF. Even if created with modest means, the show met with immediate, overwhelming success. Shows were filmed at the Golf-Drouot, at the Moulin de la Gallette and at the Cite Universitaire. Albert Raisner became the leading talent discoverer and was among the first to air rock 'n' roll music. An iconic figure of the 'ye-ye' era (1960s), he introduced to France and supported many French, American and international artists including Ray Charles, Gene Vincent, Johnny Hallyday, The Beatles, Sheila, Claude Francois, Henri Salvador, the Beach Boys, Eddy Mitchell, Joan Baez, Dalida, Salvatore Adamo, Michel Polnareff, Stevie Wonder, Gigiola Cinquietti, Enrico Macias, Sylvie Vartan, Francois Hardy and Adriano Celentano. The show was remembered for its jovial, high energy style, its duplexes and multiplexes with artists around the world, the close proximity between the audience and the stars, and the prohibition of play-back. Albert Raisner also designed the show's mascot, the 'Bonhomme Tete de Bois', to his image. In 1963, Raisner created a German-French co-production, \"Rendez-vous sur le Rhin\", which will soon evolve to include 7 European countries to be renamed 'Europarty'. He even twice set up a bilateral show in Moscow, aired in France and the USSR, live and in Russian – a unique achievement at the time of the Cold War. Starting 1968, Albert Raisner was the host for \"Samedi et Compagnie\". The shows changed its name in 1971 to become \"Samedi et Vous\". Albert Raisner also hosted \"Point Chaud\" which starred Isaac Hayes, Hugues Aufray and Many Dibango. He also travelled to the United States several times and covered the Woodstock Festival for French TV. In 1973, he wrote a book retracing the history of 1960 and 1970 music, \"L'Aventure Pop\". After \"Point Chaud\", Raisner created the music show \"Tremplin 80\" and hosted it until 1983. He stepped away from TV thereafter to raise his two sons, even though he continued to be present on radio shows and participated in tours and concerts in Europe. Albert Raisner made a comeback on TV in 1990 with \"Age Tendre\", on channel Antenne 2, which linked artists from the 1960s to those of the 1990s. He hosted Vanessa Paradis, among others. In the mid-1990s, he hosted 'Salut Albert' on Radio Montmartre, before hosting a show on Europe 1 at the end of the 1990s. He also kept participating in tours including one on the ship Queen Elizabeth II with Petula Clark. At age 88, he died of respiratory insufficiency at hospital Ambroise Pare in Boulogne-Billancourt. Albert Raisner married , Miss France 1978. They had two sons, Richard and Remy Raisner. He was also a member of Mensa International, a social organization whose members are in the top 2% of intelligence as measured by an IQ test entrance exam. Grand Prix du Disque (1952) Chevalier de l'ordre national du Mérite (1978) Médaille de la ville de Paris A harmonica pioneer, he contributed to popularize his instrument in France. He is considered as one of the best harmonicists of all times. On television, he was among the first to create a TV show for teenagers. He launched countless artists who went on to international success. He was also among the first TV hosts to become a producer as well. He thereby contributed to change in the entertainment industry's functioning. Always avant-gardist, he was one of the first host/producers to propose shooting live in other or simultaneous countries. His TV shows' excerpts are nowadays oftentimes relayed by media. A widely successful tour featuring 1960s and 1970s French and international artists was named \"Age Tendre et Tetes de Bois\" in his honor. A harmonica song he wrote and played is still, today, and after decades, the theme of a leading Japanese radio show. -Âge tendre et tête de bois -Tête de bois et tendres années -Rendez-vous sur le Rhin -Europarty -Samedi et compagnie -Samedi et vous -Point chaud -Tremplin 80 -Âges tendres -Le Jeu des 1000 francs -Salut Albert -Le Livre de l'harmonica, Presses du Temps Présent, Paris, 1961, 223 p. -Méthode générale pour", "change in the entertainment industry's functioning. Always avant-gardist, he was one of the first host/producers to propose shooting live in other or simultaneous countries. His TV shows' excerpts are nowadays oftentimes relayed by media. A widely successful tour featuring 1960s and 1970s French and international artists was named \"Age Tendre et Tetes de Bois\" in his honor. A harmonica song he wrote and played is still, today, and after decades, the theme of a leading Japanese radio show. -Âge tendre et tête de bois -Tête de bois et tendres années -Rendez-vous sur le Rhin -Europarty -Samedi et compagnie -Samedi et vous -Point chaud -Tremplin 80 -Âges tendres -Le Jeu des 1000 francs -Salut Albert -Le Livre de l'harmonica, Presses du Temps Présent, Paris, 1961, 223 p. -Méthode générale pour l'harmonica, Hohner, 1966 -L’Aventure pop, Robert Laffont, Paris, 1973, 303 p. -Harmonica diatonique et chromatique facile : 30 standards... (Facile), 1993 -Trio Raisner, Enregistrements originaux 1948-1953 -La Magia de la Armonica -Trio Raisner, classique et danse -Baile con Albert Raisner -Le Roi de l'harmonica -Harmonica parade -1955: Les Évadés -1959: Deux hommes dans Manhattan -1961: Léon Morin, prêtre -1963: L'Aîné des Ferchaux Albert Raisner Albert Raisner (30 September 1922 in Apolda, Germany – 1 January 2011 in Boulogne-Billancourt, France) was a French harmonica player, founder of the award-winning Trio Raisner and a TV and radio host" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Mersin Orthodox Church Mersin Orthodox Church ( is a church in Mersin, Turkey. The church is at is to the south of Mersin Halkevi and to the west of Mersin Atatürk Monument. It is to İsmet İnönü Boulevard and to the Mediterranean Sea coast. The church has been built in 1870 during the Ottoman Empire era. Its building area was donated by Dimitri Nadir and Tannus Nadir and it was commissioned by Christians who migrated from Syria and Lebanon (then parts of the Ottoman Empire). According to an inscription it was dedicated to Mihail Athangelos (Michael). According to one source it was also dedicated to Gabriel. The church is under the control of the Antiochian Orthodox Church. Mersin Orthodox Church Mersin Orthodox Church ( is a church in Mersin, Turkey. The church is at is to the south of Mersin Halkevi and to the west of Mersin Atatürk Monument. It is to İsmet İnönü Boulevard and to the Mediterranean Sea coast. The church has been built in 1870 during the Ottoman Empire era. Its building area was donated by Dimitri Nadir and Tannus Nadir and it was commissioned by Christians who migrated from Syria and Lebanon (then parts of the" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Yonggwang Station (South Hamgyong) Yŏnggwang Station is a railway station in Yŏnggwang-ŭp, Yŏnggwang county, South Hamgyŏng province, North Korea on the Sinhŭng Line of the Korean State Railway, and is the starting point of the narrow gauge Changjin Line. There are facilities for servicing the locomotives and rolling stock of the narrow gauge line here, as well as a six-track transloading yard between the standard and narrow gauge lines. The station, originally called Oro Station, was opened on 10 June 1923 by the Sinhŭng Railway as part of the first section of its Hamnam Line between Hamhŭng and here. The Sinhŭng Railway was bought and absorbed by the Chosen Railway on 22 April 1938. It received its current name after the establishment of the DPRK. Yonggwang Station (South Hamgyong) Yŏnggwang Station is a railway station in Yŏnggwang-ŭp, Yŏnggwang county, South Hamgyŏng province, North Korea on the Sinhŭng Line of the Korean State Railway, and is the starting point of the narrow gauge Changjin Line. There are facilities for servicing the locomotives and rolling stock of the narrow gauge line here, as well as a six-track transloading yard between the standard and narrow gauge lines. The station, originally called Oro Station," ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Michael Jackson (anthropologist) Michael D. Jackson (born 1940) is a New Zealand poet and anthropologist who has taught in anthropology departments at Massey University, the Australian National University, Indiana University Bloomington, and the University of Copenhagen. He is currently distinguished professor of world religions at Harvard Divinity School. Jackson is the founder of existential anthropology, a non-traditional sub-field of anthropology using ethnographic methods and drawing on traditions of phenomenology, existentialism, and critical theory, as well as American pragmatism, in exploring the human condition from the perspectives of both lifeworlds and worldviews, histories and biographies, collective representations and individual realities. The struggle for being involves a struggle to reconcile shared and singular experiences, acting and being acted upon, being for others and being for oneself. But rather than polarise subject and object, Jackson emphasises the intersubjective negotiations at the heart of all relationships – whether between persons, persons and things, persons and language – and shows that being-in-the-world consists of endless dilemmas and constant oscillations in consciousness that admit of only temporary, imagined, narrative or ritualised resolutions. Insofar as anthropological understanding is attained through conversations and events in which the ethnographer's prejudices, ontological assumptions, and emotional dispositions are at play, the ethnographer cannot pretend to be an impartial observer, producing objective knowledge. Jackson's published work fully discloses the contexts in which understandings are negotiated, arrived at, or, in some instances, unattainable. Jackson's recent books have explored diverse topics such as well-being in one of the world's poorest societies (\"Life Within Limits\"), the relation between religious experience and limit situations (\"The Palm at the End of the Mind\"), the interplay between egocentric and sociocentric modes of being (\"Between One and One Another\"), and writing as a technology for creating connections that transcend the limits of ordinary communication (\"The Other Shore\"). He has conducted fieldwork among the Kuranko of Sierra Leone from 1969, among the Warlpiri of Australia's Northern Territory between 1989 and 1991, and among the Kuku Yalangi of Cape York Peninsula in 1993 and 1994. His poetry has appeared in \"Poetry NZ\". and in the Poetry Archive (UK). One critic wrote: In \"Dead Reckoning\", Jackson deploys \"a navigator’s term for estimating one’s location based upon extrapolations of distance and direction from one’s last-known position. The eponymous poem cements the metaphor’s connection to personal identity...\" In \"Being of Two Minds\" (2012), Jackson explores the existential quandaries of being torn between seemingly irreconcilable affections, identifications, and places of personal anchorage. The critic Vincent O'Sullivan writes, \"What one hears in his readings is the modest, confidant, international voice that drives his poems, the conversing of a man who, as ever, is on one road to find another.\" Jackson holds a Bachelor of Arts from Victoria University of Wellington, a Master of Arts (postgraduate) from the University of Auckland, and a Doctor of Philosophy from Cambridge University. Michael Jackson (anthropologist) Michael D. Jackson (born 1940) is a New Zealand poet and anthropologist who has taught in anthropology departments at Massey University, the Australian National University," ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Stavanger Peninsula Stavanger Peninsula () is a peninsula in Rogaland county, Norway. The peninsula is named for the city of Stavanger, located on its northeastern shore and it includes the most populous parts of Greater Stavanger. The peninsula extends from a line between the Sandnes harbour at the southern end of the Gandsfjorden straight west to the village of Ølbør in Sola. This line runs just south of Stavanger Airport. The peninsula is delimited by the Gandsfjorden, Boknafjorden, Byfjorden, and the North Sea. Stavanger Peninsula comprises mainland Stavanger and Randaberg municipalities, as well as parts of Sandnes and Sola municipalities. The name \"Stavanger Peninsula\" can sometimes be used interchangeably with \"North Jæren\" (), but the former is a geographical region, while the latter is a political definition. Stavanger Peninsula Stavanger Peninsula () is a peninsula in Rogaland county, Norway. The peninsula is named for the city of Stavanger, located on its northeastern shore and it includes the most populous parts of Greater Stavanger. The peninsula extends from a line between the Sandnes harbour at the southern end of the Gandsfjorden straight west to the village of Ølbør in Sola. This line runs just south of Stavanger Airport. The peninsula is" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "The Blazing Sun (1950 film) The Blazing Sun is a 1950 American western film directed by John English, which stars Gene Autry, Lynne Roberts, and Anne Gwynne. Gene Autry is a private investigator for a banking association, on the trail of two bank robbers, Al Bartlett and Trot Lucas. Bartlett and Lucas waylay Larry Taylor, a doctor on his way to the town of White Water to treat a train engineer who was wounded by the bank robbers, and Taylor’s assistant, Helen Ellis. Stealing the couple’s horses, they leave them stranded. Autry rides out from White Water heading towards Los Robles, where the doctor was summoned from, to see what is keeping him. Coming upon the couple, he lets Larry ride Champion, Autry’s horse, into White Water to get help, while he stays with Helen for protection. Larry returns shortly and the three ride into White Water. In Los Robles, Helen’s father, a prospector, enlists the help of a local assayer, Ben Luber, to evaluate the quality of some ore he has extracted. Ben tells Tom Ellis that he will need mining equipment to mine the ore, and his willing to lend him the money for it, in exchange for an interest in the mine. Ben and his brother, Carl, are partners with Bartlett and Lucas. When they go up to the hideout of the two bank robbers, they see Autry approaching, trying to track down the two bandits. Ben releases the two horses which were stolen from Doc Taylor and Helen, which Autry takes off after. Ben and Carl follow, and overpower Autry, who they accuse of stealing the horses, and take him into Los Robles. Autry is quickly cleared, and enlists the help of an old friend, Mike, to continue the search outside of town for Bartlett and Lucas. While camping out that night, they see Ben driving back into town late at night. The following day, Autry publicly confronts Ben about his trip the previous night. Flustered, Ben makes up a story about two of his horses being stolen (which he has actually taken up to Lucas and Bartlett). When Sheriff Phillips raises a posse to go after the non-existent thieves, Ben sends them in the wrong direction. When Autry refuses to join the posse, Phillips has him put in jail for safe-keeping, until the posse returns. However, Bartlett robs the town’s bank since the sheriff is away, and Helen witnesses it and follows him to his hideout in the hills. Autry is released from jail, so he can track the bank robber. He arrives at Bartlett’s cabin in the hills just as Helen is discovered. In the ensuing gunfight Bartlett kills his brother and Lucas, thinking that his dead brother’s body will pass for him. When Kitty shows up to identify Bartlett’s body, claiming to be his wife, Autry figures out that the dead man is not Bartlett. Ben, knowing where Bartlett is now hiding out, offers to turn him in for the reward, but Bartlett figures out the doublecross and kills Ben. Autry and Tom Ellis ride after Bartlett, catching up to him as he boards a train in an attempt to escape. Bartlett is killed, and Autry allows Helen and Tom to have the reward money. On January 15, 1950 Gene Autry announced that he would begin filming the first of his scheduled six films for Columbia with \"The Blazing Sun\", commencing production on March 27. John Englund was given the nod to direct in April. Despite the earlier announcement, the filming did not begin until the end of April. After it opened, the National Legion of Decency gave it an \"A\" rating: \"morally unobjectionable for general patronage. \"Motion Picture Daily\" (MPD) gave the film a somewhat favorable review, enjoying Autry's performance, and complimenting the rest of the cast on their acting. They felt it would please his fans, but was a bit short on action, however when the action did come it was well done and very realistic. \"Variety\" enjoyed the film slightly more, saying it compared favorably with more run-of-the-mill \"oaters\" (a film industry term for westerns). Unlike MPD, they felt the picture stressed action more so than Autry's other films. They singled out the work of the supporting cast, in particular enjoying the performances of Kenne Duncan, Pat Buttram, Lynne Roberts, Edward Norris, and Alan Hale Jr.. They praised English's direction, complimenting his handling of the action, as well as the camerawork of William Bradford. The Blazing Sun (1950 film) The Blazing Sun is a 1950 American western film directed by John English, which stars Gene Autry, Lynne Roberts, and Anne Gwynne. Gene Autry is a private investigator for a banking association, on the trail of two bank robbers, Al Bartlett and Trot Lucas. Bartlett and Lucas waylay Larry Taylor, a" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Ray Baum Raymond Sims Baum (August 18, 1955 – February 9, 2018) was an American lawyer, lobbyist, and politician Baum was born and raised in La Grande, Oregon. He studied at Brigham Young University and Willamette University College of Law. Baum was admitted to the Oregon bar in 1983 and practiced law in La Grande. Baum served in the Oregon House of Representatives in 1988. He was majority leader in the state house for the Republican Party starting in 1995 but did not seek reelection in 1996. In 2003 Ted Kulongoski appointed Baum a member of the Oregon Public Utility Commission. He served there until 2011, serving as chairman starting in 2010. Baum worked for the National Association of Broadcasters and served as vice-president of government affairs. He died at Suburban Hospital in Bethesda, Maryland from prostate cancer. Ray Baum Raymond Sims Baum (August 18, 1955 – February 9, 2018) was an American lawyer, lobbyist, and politician Baum was born and raised in La Grande, Oregon. He studied at Brigham Young University and Willamette University College of Law. Baum was admitted to the Oregon bar in 1983 and practiced law in La Grande. Baum served in the Oregon House of" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Ernst Joubert Ernst Joubert (born 5 August 1980 in Ceres, Western Cape) is a former South African rugby union player. He played at Number Eight for Saracens in the Aviva Premiership from 2009 to 2015 and was the vice captain of the team. He retired from all rugby at the end of November 2015. Joubert started his career playing for , being included in the squads for the 2002 Vodacom Cup and Currie Cup competitions. However, he failed to break into the local Super Rugby side, the and, after seven appearances in the 2003 Vodacom Shield competition, he joined near neighbours for the 2003 Currie Cup qualifying rounds. He moved to Johannesburg to join the prior to the 2004 season. However, several injuries prevented him from making his debut for them until the 2005 Currie Cup competition, starting their match against the . He made his Super Rugby debut for the in 2006 by starting their opening match of the 2006 Super 14 season against the . He made close to 50 appearances for the franchise (called the in 2006 and the since then) over the next four seasons. He also regularly featured for the domestically in the Currie Cup competition and a few appearances in the 2009 Vodacom Cup competition. Joubert left South Africa to join English Premiership side Saracens in 2009. He made his debut on 5 September 2009 against London Irish in the London Double Header which finished 18–14 to Saracens. He played the whole match but got a yellow card. Joubert turned out to be a mainstay in the Saracens team with 34 appearances and 10 tries. When the usual Saracens captain Steve Borthwick was injured, Joubert took over the captain's duties for the last two months of the season that included the narrow 33–27 defeat to Leicester Tigers in the 2010 Guinness Premiership Final. In this game, Joubert scored both of the Saracens tries to help Saracens narrowly miss out on victory. Joubert was one the stars of the Saracens team and was rewarded with a place in the 2010 Guinness Premiership Dream Team with the likes of Chris Ashton and Schalk Brits. Joubert started the 2010–2011 Aviva Premiership season with being named as the vice captain of the Saracens team. He again started most of the team's games in which was a greatly successful season. Ernst was rewarded for his outstanding performances in the season by being named as the Aviva Premiership Player of the Month for February, also his consistent performances earned him a place in the Sky Sports Aviva Premiership Dream Team 2011. Overall he made 30 appearances and scored three tries in helping the Saracens to win the 2011 Aviva Premiership with a 22-18 win over Leicester Tigers. This was Joubert's third season as a Saracens player and he started the season in his usual role as a first team regular. He played 26 games for Saracens in helping them to third place in the league. During the season he scored seven tries for Saracens as they lost in the semi-final to Leicester Tigers. Joubert began his fourth season for Saracens in 2012 and made his 100th appearance for the club in the 15-9 defeat to Munster in the Heineken Cup. Joubert also started for Saracens in their first Aviva Premiership match at their new stadium, Allianz Park, in a 31-11 victory over Exeter Chiefs. During the season, Ernst made a total of 26 appearances for the club, scoring one try. Ernst helped Saracens to the semi-finals of the Aviva Premiership, Heineken Cup and LV Cup where the Saracens team lost in all 3 to Northampton Saints, Toulon and Sale Sharks respectively. This was Joubert's fifth season playing for Saracens where he has continued as the club's vice-captain. Despite added competition from the signing of England number 8 Billy Vunipola, Joubert has continued to be a regular starter for Saracens, making 21 appearances so far this season scoring 1 try. His appearances have helped his club to the semi- final of the LV Cup where they lost to Northampton Saints and to the finals of the Heineken Cup and the Aviva Premiership playing against Toulon and Northampton Saints respectively. Unfortunately Joubert was injured in the Heineken Cup quarter final against Ulster Rugby which meant that he missed the whole of the end of the season including both finals. Joubert retired from all rugby at the end of Saracens' game against Worcester Warriors at Twickenham on 28 November 2015. Following that he immediately moved back to South Africa. Ernst Joubert Ernst Joubert (born 5 August 1980 in Ceres, Western Cape) is a former South African rugby union player. He played at Number Eight for Saracens in the Aviva Premiership from 2009 to 2015 and was the vice captain of the team. He" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Louis Du Pont Duchambon Louis Du Pont Duchambon (Chalais, Charente January 1, 1680 – 1775?) was a French military officer who served as a member of the French Army during the King George's War. Louis Du Pont Duchambon arrived in Acadia in 1702 as an ensign in a new company in which his brothers, François du Pont Duvivier and Michel Du Pont de Renon, served as captain and lieutenant. Although an unexceptional officer, Duchambon gained promotions through seniority and his friendship with Governor Saint-Ovide. Duchambon was appointment in April 1744 to replace François Le Coutre de Bourville as King’s lieutenant of Île Royale. In October he became Governor of the colony when Commandant Jean-Baptiste-Louis Le Prévost Duquesnel suddenly died. He was faced with the Siege of Louisbourg (1745) by the English and was forced to capitulate after 47 days. He arrived in France four weeks later and was trialed, but acquitted. In March 1746 Duchambon retired and spent his later years at Chalais in his native Saintonge, where he lived off his pension and a small income from property. He had married in 1709 with Jeanne Mius d’Entremont de Pobomcoup and had at least 7 sons, including Louis Du Pont" ] }
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