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"Robert George Irwin Robert George Irwin (1907–1975), was an artist, sculptor, and recurring mental hospital patient who pleaded guilty to killing three people on Easter weekend in 1937 in the Beekman Hill area of New York City's Turtle Bay neighborhood. One of his victims, Veronica \"Ronnie\" Gedeon, was a model who often appeared in seductive pulp magazine pictures. The crime, its investigation, Irwin's arrest, and the resulting court proceedings were heavily publicized, often with eye-catching photos of Gedeon and headlines describing Irwin as the \"mad sculptor.\" Veronica Gedeon left behind a portfolio of sexy photos that, in retrospect, had no relevance to the crime, its cause or Irwin's responsibility for it. However, that coincidence kept the story on front pages of newspapers around the country for months, publicity which ultimately helped to bring Irwin into custody. Irwin's prosecution, which ended through a plea-bargain that kept him incarcerated for life, renewed debate about the use and scope of New York's version of the insanity defense. Once sentenced, Irwin was deemed \"definitely insane\" by state psychiatrists. He spent the rest of his life in secure mental institutions. A new book about Robert Irwin, Harold Schechter's \"The Mad Sculptor\" (2014), has been well received. Wall St. J., March 22, 2014, p. C8. The son of evangelist parents, Irwin was reportedly born in a tent on an old-fashioned camp meeting ground in Portland, Oregon. However, he was actually born in the Arroyo Seco Park near Pasadena, California on August 5, 1907. He was named for the nearby river (as was the park) and one of his father's favorite theologians, François Fénelon (1651-1715). Hence, he entered life as Fenelon Arroyo Seco Irwin. He later changed his name, much to the horror of his devout mother, to honor his philosophical idol the agnostic Robert G. Ingersoll (1833-1899). His father was Rev. Benjamin Hardin Irwin, a nationally known figure in the Holiness movement who had founded a racially integrated radical Holiness denomination in 1898 at a national convention in legally segregated Anderson, South Carolina. He denounced as sinful everything from Coca-Cola to wearing ties. (The body Irwin founded is now known as the International Pentecostal Holiness Church.) In 1900, a sexual scandal ended his career with the Fire-Baptized Holiness Church and the senior Irwin went solo. In Canada sometime during 1902, he married Robert's mother, Mary Lee Jordan of Texas, without divorcing his first wife. His father deserted the family before Robert was three years old, leaving them impoverished. When a family court judge noted that Robert could learn a trade at a state reformatory, he volunteered and spent fifteen months there, where he first learned to sculpt. He soon idolized Lorado Taft, one of the leading American sculptors of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and later moved in with Taft's family. Then, working for a waxworks studio in Los Angeles, he carved commercial busts of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and other public figures. Irwin was considered \"brilliant if erratic and at times violent.\" He tried to emasculate himself, using a razor. He then consented to be committed to a state mental hospital, where he initially stayed for a year. After his discharge, he moved into a New York City rooming house owned by Mary Gedeon. There, Irwin had become infatuated with her daughter Ethel, but his love for her was not returned. He received further treatment for mental illness for two more years at Rockland State Hospital in Orangeburg, New York, and was released in the summer of 1936. By then, Ethel Gedeon had married Joseph Kudner. Irwin then made a sculpture of Ethel with a cobra coiled around her neck. He enrolled as a student at the Theological School of St. Lawrence University at Canton, New York. However, he was expelled on March 18, 1937, ten days before Easter, because of \"instability.\" He then rented (for a single day) a $2.50 ($44.11 in 2018)-a-week room in a house on 52nd Street in New York City, several blocks from Mary Gedeon's rooming house at 316 E. 50th Street. After considering and rejecting the idea of drowning himself in the East River, he instead walked to the Gedeon rooming house. On March 28, 1937 (Easter Sunday), relatives arriving at the Gedeon's flat for dinner discovered the partially clothed bodies of Mary Gedeon and her younger daughter Veronica, in Veronica's bedroom. Mrs. Gedeon and Veronica had been strangled, with Mrs. Gedeon stabbed as well. In a nearby room, they discovered the body of Frank Byrnes, a deaf English waiter who had been stabbed many times. The ensuing police investigation revealed around 3:00 a.m., Veronica had returned, intoxicated, from a date. Fifty minutes earlier, Charles Robinson, an upstairs neighbor, had noticed the door to the Gedeons' flat was partially open, and had closed it. This led detectives to conclude the assailant had entered the apartment before Veronica arrived, and waited for her. They also concluded Brynes was likely killed while he slept. Police attention focused initially on a driver, then on Mary Gedeon's ex-husband, Joseph Gedeon. By April 5, however, their attention had shifted toward Irwin, in part because a sculpture carefully carved in ordinary bath soap was discovered at the crime scene. A nationwide manhunt for Irwin followed. When the nationwide search began, Ethel Gedeon and Irwin's psychiatrist expressed doubts Irwin was capable of committing the murders. State Inspector John Lyons was reported as stating of Irwin, \"It makes no difference whether he committed three hundred murders, so far as the State is concerned. His psychopathic background shows he is insane.\" In late June 1937, a pantry maid in Cleveland's Statler Hotel saw a picture of Irwin in a pulp magazine and noticed a resemblance to a bar boy who been working at the hotel for less than two months, under the name of Bob Murray. He cleaned out his locker and disappeared soon after she asked him about his last name and whether he knew about Robert Irwin. Once again, the search for Irwin became the lead story on the front pages of daily newspapers nationwide. The next day, the \"Chicago Tribune\" received a call from someone claiming to be Irwin and offering to surrender for a price, but the \"Tribune\" dismissed the call as a prank. The William Randolph Hearst-owned \"Chicago Herald-Examiner\", however, received a similar call, but took it seriously. They made an arrangement under which Irwin would be paid $5,000 for an exclusive story, then surrender. After Irwin came to the newspaper's offices, its city editor John W. Dienhart, and reporters G. Duncan Bauman and Austin O'Malley kept Irwin in a room in the Morrison Hotel in Chicago, working on the terms of a confession to the Beekman Hill murders the newspaper would publish as an exclusive, while briefly shielding him from police. The Hearst companies then flew him to New York City, where he was turned over to police. At that point, famous New York criminal defense attorney Samuel Leibowitz, who had represented the Scottsboro Boys in Alabama and was reported to have saved 123 murder defendants from the death penalty, appeared as Irwin's attorney. In his published confession, Irwin he stated he originally intended to kill Ethel Gedeon Kudner because \"she was the dearest object in the world\" to him, but he \"accidentally\" killed the others instead. He explained he went to the Gedeons' flat, expecting to find Ethel. He first struck then strangled Mary Gedeon, after she had asked him to leave. After her daughter Veronica arrived, he terrorized her, but strangled her only after she called him by name, showing she recognized him. Afraid to leave alive a possible witness (but unaware of Byrnes' deafness), Irwin entered Byrnes' room, then stabbed him to death in his bed. In his confession to New York detectives Irwin compared himself to a radio, explaining: Hours after New York police",
"from the death penalty, appeared as Irwin's attorney. In his published confession, Irwin he stated he originally intended to kill Ethel Gedeon Kudner because \"she was the dearest object in the world\" to him, but he \"accidentally\" killed the others instead. He explained he went to the Gedeons' flat, expecting to find Ethel. He first struck then strangled Mary Gedeon, after she had asked him to leave. After her daughter Veronica arrived, he terrorized her, but strangled her only after she called him by name, showing she recognized him. Afraid to leave alive a possible witness (but unaware of Byrnes' deafness), Irwin entered Byrnes' room, then stabbed him to death in his bed. In his confession to New York detectives Irwin compared himself to a radio, explaining: Hours after New York police took Irwin into custody, he was indicted for three counts of first degree murder. Contrary to Inspector Lyon's initial view Irwin was insane, New York now found him normal at the time of the murders, claiming he knew the nature and quality of his acts. The office of district attorney William C. Dodge also announced it would seek the death penalty. The presiding judge postponed the trial in September 1937 to await the findings of a three-member commission of inquiry evaluating Irwin's sanity. However, the commissioners concluded Irwin was sane. New York District Attorney Thomas E. Dewey, who had defeated Dodge, resumed the prosecution. As Irwin's trial date approached in the fall of 1938, William A. Adams (warden of The Tombs detention center) said, \"Irwin certainly isn't crazy now. He's as normal as any man in prison.\" Irwin attorney Liebowitz, however, replied Irwin \"was, is and will be hopelessly insane. He's crazy as a bedbug.\" Publicity again peaked as the trial date approached; one news account reported \"not since the Harry K. Thaw murder trial had a case excited wider interest.\" Soon after a jury was selected, however, Irwin pleaded guilty to three counts of second degree murder, in exchange for avoiding the death penalty, and a promise a pair of trousers he abandoned in a suitcase left at Grand Central Station in 1937 would be returned to him. Judge James Wallace sentenced him to 139-years-to-life in prison (99 years-to-life for the slaying of Byrnes, 20 years-to-life for the slaying of Mary Gedeon, and 20 years-to-life for the slaying of Veronica Gedeon). He was then sent to Sing Sing Prison for a psychological evaluation, where prison doctors ruled him \"very definitely insane.\" On December 10, 1938, he arrived at Dannemora State Hospital. Irwin died of cancer in 1975 in Matteawan State Hospital for the Criminally Insane in Fishkill, New York. Irwin's enduring legacy involves the way newspapers exploited his crime through sensationalist headlines and racy photos, culminating with a paid confession nearly putting him in the electric chair. In the immediate aftermath of the crime, \"New York Daily News\" publisher Joseph Medill Patterson responded to criticism of the sensationalism, editorializing \"murder sells papers, books, plays because we are all fascinated by murder.\" He defended the \"News\"' choice to give the story greater attention than President Roosevelt's failed attempt to \"pack\" the U.S. Supreme Court, explaining \"perhaps people should be more interested today in the Supreme Court than in the Gedeon murder, but we don't think they are.\" The case also focused attention on New York's systematic exclusion of women from juries in first-degree murder cases. On the eve of the initial trial date in September 1937, the process for selection of jurors for Irwin's trial began with the announcement by the Acting Commissioner of Jurors none of the 841 names of potential jurors in the drum were women, despite the enactment of a statute expressly allowing women to serve as jurors. One day later, the court began to put women on jury lists in such cases. American novelist Thomas Berger reportedly used the case of Robert Irwin for his 1967 novel \"Killing Time\". Robert George Irwin Robert George Irwin (1907–1975), was an artist, sculptor, and recurring mental hospital patient who pleaded guilty to killing three people on Easter weekend in 1937 in the Beekman Hill area of New York City's Turtle Bay neighborhood. One of his victims, Veronica \"Ronnie\" Gedeon, was a model who often appeared in seductive pulp magazine pictures. The crime, its investigation, Irwin's arrest, and the resulting court proceedings"
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"Stephen D. Nadauld Stephen Douglas Nadauld (born May 31, 1942) is an American academic, the former president of Dixie State University and Weber State University. Nadauld was a general authority of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1991 to 1996. Nadauld was born in Idaho Falls, Idaho. From 1961 to 1964, he was an LDS Church missionary in France, where he became a fluent speaker of French. Nadauld obtained a chemistry degree from Brigham Young University (BYU), an MBA from Harvard Business School, and a Ph.D. in finance from the University of California at Berkeley. Nadauld has been a faculty member at the University of Utah (1970–72) and the University of California at Berkeley (1973–76). In 1976, he became a faculty member at BYU, where he eventually became the head of the school's MBA program. In 1983, he left BYU for different private sector opportunities, including a period of time as the CEO of a dairy cooperative and CFO of Bonneville Pacific Corporation. He was also president of Weber State University in Ogden, Utah, for five years. During his tenure, Nadauld was instrumental in Webers State's preparations to become a state university in Utah. In 1991, Nadauld was awarded an honorary doctorate degree from Weber State. In 1991, Nadauld became a member of the LDS Church's Second Quorum of the Seventy, a full-time ecclesiastical appointment. For the entirety of his tenure as a general authority, Nadauld was a counselor to Jack H. Goaslind in the general presidency of the church's Young Men organization. He served in this capacity until 1996, when he again returned to BYU as a professor of business management. From 2003 to 2006, Nadauld took a leave of absence from BYU to serve as president of the church's Switzerland Geneva Mission. Following this service, Nadauld returned as a faculty member at BYU. On March 22, 2010, Nadauld was inaugurated as the 17th president of Dixie State College in St. George, Utah, after serving since March 27, 2008, as its interim president. He retired at the end of the 2013–14 academic year. Nadauld is the author of two books on spiritual LDS Church-related themes. He is married to Margaret Dyreng, who was the general president of the LDS Church's Young Women organization from 1997 to 2002. They are the parents of seven sons. Stephen D. Nadauld Stephen Douglas Nadauld (born May 31, 1942)"
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"retrieved": [
"Sahil Suhaimi Mohamad Sahil bin Suhaimi (born 8 July 1992) is a Singapore international footballer who plays as a forward for Warriors FC in S-League. Sahil Suhaimi made his S.League debut as a 17-year-old against Etoile FC in 2010 as a midfielder and impressed against the more physical French side but National Service restricted further appearances. During the 2012 Inaugural Nexlions Cup in December 2012, then 20-year-old Sahil made appearances for Singapore U23 against Liverpool F.C.'s and Manchester United FC's U23 teams, where he scored the team's only goal in their tournament against United. Despite rumours of Warriors FC scouting Sahil during the tournament, Courts Young Lions signed Sahil while Warriors FC signed Sufian Anuar from LionsXII instead. It proved to a breakthrough for Sahil as he impressed after signing for the Courts Young Lions during the football season in 2013. Even during friendlies, Sahil scored in both games against Malaysian giants, Johor Darul Takzim who boasted a side with former Italian U23, Spanish and Malaysian internationals, in both home and away games which ended 1-1 for the Young Lions. Throughout the 2013 S.League season, Sahil impressed with his flair, technical ability, dribbles and his willing attitude to pressure opposing defenders.\" Having impressed during the 2014 S.League Season, Sahil was signed up to the LionsXII for the 2015 Malaysian Super League Season. He made his competitive debut as a substitute in the opening game of the season and scored with a brilliantly taken freekick. Sahil then went on to notch a brace in the LionsXII's opening game of the 2015 Malaysia FA Cup, after coming as a half-time substitute, to help the Lions win 4-0 against PB Melayu Kedah and send the Singaporean outfit into the Round of 16. The Lions then went on to win the Malaysia FA Cup in a 3-1 win against Kelantan in the finals, where Sahil had scored the final two goals during the 82nd and 92nd minute. Sahil managed to score 7 goals (4 from the Malaysia FA Cup and 3 in league matches) in 26 appearance for the LionsXII, despite making most of his appearance from the substitute bench. In December 2015, after the disbandment of LionsXII , he joined Geylang International FC for the 2016 S.League season. He scored his first goal for the Eagles in a 1-1 draw against Brunei DPMM FC. Sahil has signed for Tampines Rovers for the 2017 but was not registered in the S.League squad, but only for the AFC Cup squad. It was announced on Tampines Rovers' social media that Sahil would be joining Burnley development squad for 1 month. After his trial at Burnley, he had secured a move to Sarawak FA as 1 of their new foreign players. Playing alongside former Tampines Rovers striker, Mateo Roskam. He make 12 appearances for the malaysian club , scoring 2 goals in process. Sahil earned his first international cap against Laos on 10 October 2013, as a substitute in the second half after Singapore national team head coach, Bernd Stange was impressed with Sahil's performance. During the 2013 SEA Games, Sahil played a key role as the Singapore U23 team won the Bronze, and finished as joint top scorers in the tournament. Sahil was once against selected to play for Singapore U23 in the 2015 Southeast Asian Games. Coach Aide selected him as part of the squad along with stars Irfan Fandi. However, he disappointed throughout the tournament only managing to find the net once against Cambodia in a breakaway, as Singapore were knocked out in the group stages after losing 0-1 to Indonesia and Myanmar 1-2. He had also missed several opportunities notably against The Philippines in a 2-0 win which one of the effort was saved and had 2 shots hit the bar, several slightly over the bar. . Caps and goals may not be correct. \"Statistics accurate as of match played 5 March 2014\" Singapore Sahil Suhaimi Mohamad Sahil bin Suhaimi (born 8 July 1992) is a Singapore international footballer who plays as a forward for Warriors FC in S-League. Sahil Suhaimi made his S.League debut as a 17-year-old against Etoile FC in 2010 as a midfielder and impressed against the more physical French"
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"Balu Mahendra Balanathan Benjamin Mahendran (20 May 1939 13 February 2014), commonly known as Balu Mahendra, was an Indian cinematographer, director, screenwriter and film editor who worked predominantly in Tamil cinema. Born into a Sri Lankan Tamil household, he developed a passion for photography and literature at a young age. After witnessing the shoot of David Lean's \"The Bridge on the River Kwai\" (1957) during a school trip in Sri Lanka, he was drawn towards filmmaking. He graduated from the London University and started his career as a draughtsman with the Sri Lankan Government. In 1966, he moved to India and gained admission to the Film and Television Institute of India (FTII) to pursue a course in motion picture photography. Upon completion of his diploma, he entered Malayalam cinema as a cinematographer in the early 1970s. After working in over 20 films as a cinematographer, Mahendra made his directorial debut in 1977 with the Kannada film \"Kokila\". Since then, he directed over 20 films in a span of 36 years. Along with P. Bharathiraja and J. Mahendran, he is regarded as a trendsetter in Tamil cinema. During the tail end of his career, he established a film school in Chennai, which offers courses in cinematography, direction and acting. Following a brief phase of poor health, Mahendra died of cardiac arrest in February 2014. Widely regarded as an auteur, Mahendra usually scripted and edited his films apart from shooting them. He was the recipient of six National Film Awards (including two for Best Cinematography), five Filmfare Awards South and several state government awards. Mahendra was born in 1939 into a Sri Lankan Tamil family in the village Amirthakali near Batticaloa, Sri Lanka. Born to a professor father, he did his schooling at Methodist Central College and St. Michael's College, Batticaloa. As a teenager, he was drawn towards films by his class teacher. It was during this time he happened to see \"Bicycle Thieves\" (1948) and \"Battleship Potemkin\" (1925). When he was at the sixth grade, he got an opportunity to witness the making of David Lean's \"The Bridge on the River Kwai\" (shot in Sri Lanka) during a school field trip. Inspired by Lean's personality, Mahendra determined to become a film-maker. Right from his childhood, Mahendra was interested in fine arts and literature. Upon completion of school, he joined the London University and graduated with a bachelor's degree (honours) in science. After his graduation, he returned to Sri Lanka and worked in Colombo as a draughtsman in the survey department for a brief period during which he edited a Tamil literary magazine titled \"Thyen Aruvi\". In Colombo, he worked as an amateur drama artist with Radio Ceylon and got acquainted with the Sinhala theatre groups. Mahendra's passion for cinema prompted him to leave for India and join the Film and Television Institute of India, Pune in 1966. He had to take up cinematography as he could not gain admissions to other disciplines. At the institute he was exposed to world cinema as he got an opportunity to watch films made by François Truffaut and Jean-Luc Godard, both associated with the French New Wave movement. In 1969, Mahendra graduated from the institute with a gold medal. As a fresh graduate from the FTII, Mahendra's early attempts to enter Tamil cinema were unsuccessful. He got his first break as a cinematographer in 1971 in the Malayalam film \"Nellu\". Ramu Kariat, the director of \"Nellu\", was impressed by \"A View from the Fortress\", Mahendra's diploma film at the FTII. Though the filming of \"Nellu\" began in 1971, production delays postponed its release for three years. Meanwhile, Kariat signed up Mahendra for another film titled \"Maaya\" which released in 1972. However, P. N. Menon's \"Panimudakku\" (1972) got released before \"Maaya\", thus becoming Mahendra's first release. He continued to work in Malayalam films such as \"Sasthram Jayichu Manushyan Thottu\" (1973), \"Kaliyugam\" (1973) and \"Chattakari\" (1974). \"Nellu\", shot in colour, won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Cinematography after it was released in 1974. Mahendra had continued successes with films such as \"Prayanam\" (1975) and \"Chuvanna Sandhyakal\" (1975), both fetching the state award for best photography to him for the second consecutive time. Between 1971 and 1976, he worked in about 20 films—mostly in Malayalam—as a cinematographer. The following year he made his directorial debut with \"Kokila\". Made in Kannada, the film was a \"triangular love story\". In addition to a Best Screenplay award from the Karnataka government, Mahendra won his first National Film Award for Best Cinematography for the film. The film was both critically acclaimed and commercially successful. It was equally successful in the neighbouring state of Tamil Nadu and has the distinction of being the only Kannada film to complete 150 days in Madras (now Chennai) as of 2014. Despite being a Tamil, it was not until 1978 he worked in a Tamil film when he signed up as the cinematographer for J. Mahendran's directorial debut \"Mullum Malarum\" (1978). Apart from handling the cinematography, Mahendra involved himself in other aspects such as screenwriting, casting, editing and direction in the film. After completing \"Mullum Malarum\", Mahendra decided to work on his second directorial venture, this time in Tamil. He named the film \"Azhiyadha Kolangal\" (1979), which according to him was \"partly autobiographical\". Inspired from the 1971 American film \"Summer of '42\", \"Azhiyadha Kolangal\" was a coming-of-age film that dealt with the story of three adolescent boys who are in the awakening of sexuality. Although it was controversial for its theme, it was a box-office success. During this time he did the cinematography of K. Vishwanath's Telugu film \"Sankarabharanam\" (1979) which turned out to be a major critical and commercial success. Mahendra's third film as director \"Moodu Pani\" (1980) was loosely based on Alfred Hitchcock's 1960 film \"Psycho\". \"Moodu Pani\" saw Mahendra collaborating with Ilaiyaraaja for the first time; Ilaiyaraaja was Mahendra's regular composer since then. In 1982, Mahendra made \"Moondram Pirai\" which had Kamal Haasan and Sridevi in the lead. The film told the story of a school teacher who looks after a girl suffering from amnesia. It had a 300-day run in the theatres and was labelled a \"blockbuster\". The film fetched two National Film Awards including an award for cinematography for Mahendra. The same year he made \"Olangal\" (1982) which marked his directorial debut in Malayalam. Inspired from Erich Segal's novel \"Man, Woman and Child\", the film was a critical success. At the end of the year, Mahendra won two Filmfare trophies for directing \"Olangal\" and \"Moondram Pirai\". In 1983, Mahendra entered Hindi cinema with \"Sadma\", a remake of \"Moondram Pirai\", with Kamal Hasan and Sridevi reprising their roles. Mahendra received a Filmfare nomination for Best Story and became a well-known director with the Hindi audience with the film. The same year, he worked as the cinematographer of the Kannada film \"Pallavi Anu Pallavi\", Mani Ratnam's debut film. During this time, he made his second film in Malayalam titled \"Oomakkuyil\". Unlike \"Olangal\", \"Oomakkuyil\" failed to create an impact among the audience. During the mid 1980s, Mahendra concentrated on mainstream films. The first of which \"Neengal Kettavai\" (1984) was labelled an outright commercial picture. Later Mahendra noted that he made the film with a sole intention to prove critics that he could make commercial films. The following year, he collaborated with Rajinikanth to make \"Un Kannil Neer Vazhindal\" which turned out to be a commercial failure. He then worked on the Malayalam film \"Yathra\" (1985) with Mammooty in the lead role as a forest officer. Made with \"artistic values\" the film earned and was the highest-grossing Malayalam film that year. By this time, he declined an offer to direct the Kannada film \"Malaya Marutha\" (1986). As a director who",
"Unlike \"Olangal\", \"Oomakkuyil\" failed to create an impact among the audience. During the mid 1980s, Mahendra concentrated on mainstream films. The first of which \"Neengal Kettavai\" (1984) was labelled an outright commercial picture. Later Mahendra noted that he made the film with a sole intention to prove critics that he could make commercial films. The following year, he collaborated with Rajinikanth to make \"Un Kannil Neer Vazhindal\" which turned out to be a commercial failure. He then worked on the Malayalam film \"Yathra\" (1985) with Mammooty in the lead role as a forest officer. Made with \"artistic values\" the film earned and was the highest-grossing Malayalam film that year. By this time, he declined an offer to direct the Kannada film \"Malaya Marutha\" (1986). As a director who is known for making intense films, critics were surprised when he made \"Rettai Vaal Kuruvi\" (1987), a full-length comedy film. Closely based on the 1984 American film \"Micki and Maude\", the film is regarded as one of the best comedies ever made in Tamil cinema during the decade. The film would serve as a base for his future films \"Marupadiyum\" (1993) and \"Sathi Leelavathi\" (1995) which explored similar themes. Towards the end of the decade, Mahendra made two low-budgeted films—\"Veedu\" (1988) and \"Sandhya Raagam\" (1989). While \"Veedu\" focused on the life of a lower middle-class urban woman and her struggle to build a house, \"Sandhya Raagam\" dealt with \"old age\". At the 35th, \"Veedu\" won two National Film Awards—including one for Best Regional Film—and \"Sandhya Raagam\" won the Best Film on Family Welfare two years later. According to Mahendra, both the films were a tribute to his mother and father respectively. He named these two films as his best works as they were made with fewest mistakes and compromises. In 1992, Mahendra made \"Vanna Vanna Pookkal\" which was produced by S. Dhanu. The film had a 100-day run and won the award for the \"Best Regional Film\" at the 39th National Film Awards. During this time M. Night Shyamalan, then a newcomer, approached Mahendra to be the cinematographer for his directorial debut \"Praying with Anger\" to which he refused. The next year, he remade Mahesh Bhatt's \"Arth\" in Tamil as \"Marupadiyum\". Mahendra made the film as he felt it was close to his personal life. He then came up with a full-length comedy \"Sathi Leelavathi\" in 1995 which was produced by Kamal Haasan. The following year, he made a comeback in Bollywood through \"Aur Ek Prem Kahani\", a remake of his Kannada film \"Kokila\". He then made \"Raman Abdullah\" (1997), which deals with a friendship between two friends belonging to different religions. The film's shoot became the epicentre of a dispute that arose between the Tamil Film Producers Council and Film Employees Federation of South India (FEFSI). It was reported that members of FEFSI had stopped the filming of \"Raman Abdullah\" as Mahendra was engaging outside cast members in the film. This led FEFSI to go for an indefinite strike which affected to the delaying of several Tamil films. The film received negative reviews and failed at the box-office. After \"Raman Abdullah\", Mahendra took a break from films during which he made \"Kathai Neram\", a television series based on different short stories, mostly by Sujatha. It was aired in Sun TV during the early 2000s. Following a five-year sabbatical, he returned with \"Julie Ganapathi\" (2003). The film was based on the psychological thriller novel \"Misery\" by Stephen King. According to Mahendra, \"Julie Ganapathi\" was made on the lines of his previous films \"Moondram Pirai\" (1982) and \"Moodu Pani\" (1980). A review from \"Rediff.com\" stated, \"Balu Mahendra has kept the flag of sensible cinema within the commercial format once again in his latest offering \"Julie Ganapathy\"\" and rated the film as one of the best thrillers ever made. In spite of being a critical success, the film turned out to be a commercial failure. For his next film \"Adhu Oru Kana Kaalam\" (2005), he decided to cast Dhanush in the lead role. Initially he stated that the film to be an extension of his 1979 film \"Azhiyatha Kolangal\". However, he ended up making a different film. The film was loosely based on his own Malayalam film \"Yathra\" released in 1985. When asked about the difference between the two films, he said \"Yat[h]ra was the love story of two adults, this is the love story of two adolescents.\" Shobha Warrier of \"Rediff.com\" wrote that the film was \"extremely disappointing\". In 2007, he started a film school named \"Cinema Pattarai\" in Chennai. The institute offers courses in disciplines such as cinematography, direction and acting. After a brief hiatus from films, he made a comeback through \"Thalaimuraigal\" (2013), which marked his acting debut. Apart from acting, he also scripted, directed, edited and served as the cinematographer of the film. The film was about the relationship between an ageing man and his grandson. The film received positive response with Mahendra's acting being well acclaimed. Malathi Rangarajan of \"The Hindu\" stated, \"If Mahendra's aim was to make a film that can compete on a global level, \"Thalaimuraigal\" is a concrete step in that direction.\" Despite being critically acclaimed, the film was a commercial failure. At the 61st National Film Awards, it won the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration. Mahendra was married thrice. He was first married to Akhileshwari with whom he had a son. His relationship with actress Shoba ended in 1980 after she committed suicide following their marriage. Upon her death, the media speculated that Mahendra was responsible for her death. Following that, Mahendra wrote a series of \"sentimental musings\" in the Tamil magazine \"Kumudam\" under the title \"Shobavum Naanum\" (lit. Shoba and me). Their relationship was explored by K. G. George (Mahendra's junior at the FTII) in his 1983 Malayalam film \"Lekhayude Maranam Oru Flashback\". When the film was released, Mahendra said that the film had nothing to do with him and has not discussed about it with George. In 1998, he married another actress Mounika and declared their marriage publicly in 2004. Following a heart attack on 13 February 2014, Mahendra was admitted to Vijaya Hospital in Chennai where he was declared dead after six hours of cardiac arrest. Shortly after the news of his death, members of the Indian film industry posted their condolences in Twitter and Facebook. The Tamil film fraternity mourned the death and paid homage to him at his \"film school\" in Saligramam, Chennai, and decided not to work on the following day as a sign of respect. The last rites of Mahendra were performed at Porur crematorium on the same day. As a photographer, Mahendra was inspired by the works of Néstor Almendros and Michael Chapman. Among his contemporaries, he admired the works of Ashok Kumar. Mahendra believed a \"well-photographed movie is that which is very close to the script\". As a film-maker, he claimed himself as belonging to the realistic way of story-telling devised by Satyajit Ray and Vittorio De Sica. Mahendra was drawn towards realistic cinema after watching Ray's \"Pather Panchali\" (1955). He is credited as being one among the earliest filmmakers to bring \"naturalism\" in Tamil cinema in the 1970s. He usually photographed, scripted and edited all his films. His films were characterised by strong \"visual appeal\" and minimal number of characters. A majority of his films centre on the complexity of human relationships and are known to portray women as strong characters. Although influenced by realism, his films \"Moodu Pani\", \"Rettai Vaal Kuruvi\" and \"Julie Ganapathi\" heavily borrowed from American cinema. Mahendra was equally praised for his cinematography and directorial finesse. Described by the media as \"one of the finest cinematographers of Indian cinema\", he was among the first to pioneer innovative colour in South India. Subrata Mitra, Satyajit Ray's cinematographer, presented a viewfinder to",
"one among the earliest filmmakers to bring \"naturalism\" in Tamil cinema in the 1970s. He usually photographed, scripted and edited all his films. His films were characterised by strong \"visual appeal\" and minimal number of characters. A majority of his films centre on the complexity of human relationships and are known to portray women as strong characters. Although influenced by realism, his films \"Moodu Pani\", \"Rettai Vaal Kuruvi\" and \"Julie Ganapathi\" heavily borrowed from American cinema. Mahendra was equally praised for his cinematography and directorial finesse. Described by the media as \"one of the finest cinematographers of Indian cinema\", he was among the first to pioneer innovative colour in South India. Subrata Mitra, Satyajit Ray's cinematographer, presented a viewfinder to Mahendra acknowledging his talent. Fellow cinematographer Madhu Ambat described that it was Mahendra who gave \"fame\" to those cameramen who came out of the FTII, and further noted that he was one of the few film-makers who effectively used romantic realism. Lauded for usage of \"natural lighting\", Mahendra was considered as \"one of the few filmmakers in Tamil who believes in telling a story visually\". Kamal Haasan described that he was one of the few directors who balanced between art and popular cinema. As a film-maker, he inspired contemporary actors and film-makers such as Mani Ratnam, Kamal Haasan and Sripriya, He has mentored next generation film-makers including Bala, Ameer, Vetrimaaran, Ram and Seenu Ramasamy. Cinematographers like Santosh Sivan, Ravi K. Chandran, Natarajan Subramaniam and K. V. Anand have taken inspirations from him. The negatives of his acclaimed films—\"Moodu Pani\", \"Veedu\", \"Sandhya Raagam\", \"Marupadiyum\" and \"Sathi Leelavathi\"—are lost. Balu Mahendra Balanathan Benjamin Mahendran (20 May 1939 13 February 2014), commonly known as Balu Mahendra, was an Indian cinematographer, director, screenwriter and film editor who worked predominantly in Tamil cinema. Born into a Sri Lankan Tamil household, he developed a passion for photography and literature at a young age. After witnessing the shoot of David Lean's \"The Bridge on the River Kwai\" (1957) during a school trip in Sri Lanka, he was drawn towards filmmaking. He graduated from the London University and started his career as a draughtsman with the"
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"Abbey of Santo Domingo de Silos Santo Domingo de Silos Abbey () is a Benedictine monastery in the village of Santo Domingo de Silos in the southern part of Burgos Province in northern Spain. The monastery is named after the eleventh-century saint Dominic of Silos. The monastery dates back to the Visigothic period of the 7th century. In the 10th century, the abbey was called San Sebastián de Silos, but acquired its current name when Santo Domingo was entrusted to renovate the abbey by Fernando the Great, King of Castile and León. The abbot designed the church to have a central nave with two side aisles and five chapels attached to its apse and transept. When Santo Domingo died in 1073, work on the church and the cloister was handed over to Abbot Fortunius, who saw the rest of the construction to its completion. The church was subsequently rebuilt by the neoclassical architect Ventura Rodríguez. In 1835 the abbey of Silos was closed, along with other monasteries in Spain. Benedictine monks from Solesmes in France revived the foundation in 1880. The two-storey cloister of the monastery, which has large capitals with carved scenes, and also relief panels, is considered a masterpiece of Romanesque art, and has been written about extensively, notably by Meyer Schapiro in his \"Romanesque Art\" (1977). The capitals in the lower cloister are decorated with dragons, centaurs, lattices, and mermaids. There is also an important Romanesque free-standing enthroned Madonna and Child. The cloisters are the only surviving part of the monastery that hasn't changed since its inception. The cloister is an angled rectangular shape with 16 semi-circular arches on the north and south sides and 14 semi-circular arches on the west and east sides. The lower storey was begun during the last quarter of the 11th century and completed in the second half of the 12th century. The lower storey's date derives from an epitaph of the eponymous Santo Domingo, who died in 1073, which is located on the abacus of a group of four capitals in the north gallery. The cloister was dedicated on September 29, 1088. Additionally, the upper story of the cloister, which was placed upon the wooden vaulting of the first story, was completed during the 12th century. Abbot Domingo's successor, Abbot Fortunius was in charge of the construction of the north gallery and the original west gallery. After completion of two of the galleries and the beginning stages of construction of a third gallery, Fortunius was forced to halt construction on the cloister due to the influx of pilgrims coming to visit Abbot Domingo's shrine. Additionally, construction on the cloister was halted for several decades because of political and economic difficulties during the period of 1109 to 1120. As a result of this interruption, it is clear that the west and south galleries are of a different style than the east and north galleries, which seem to indicate that a second, different workshop was hired after the intermission in construction to finish the work on the cloister. The organization of the cloister consists of four squared-off piers at each corner and paired columns running along each of the arcades. The arcades are mounted atop a podium that extends along each side of the cloister. Each of the sides of the cloister has a grouping of four columns located at the center of the arcade. The six-foot-tall piers have medium-relief sculptural biblical scenes of the Post-Passion which are the Three Marys Discovering Jesus Christ is Gone, the Pentecost, the Doubting Thomas, and the Road to Emmaus. Originally, these religious scenes were painted in bright colors. These pier carvings are dated to the middle of the twelfth century and are the work of the sculptor of the lower story capitals. The carved panels are thought to be the work of the same craftsman who worked on the Abbey of St. Pierre de Moissac in France. The southeast corner's pier relief depicts the Ascension and the Pentecost. The northeast corner's pier relief depicts the Entombment and the Descent from the Cross. The northwest corner's pier relief depicts the disciples of Emmaus. The southwest corner's pier reliefs depict the Annunciation to Mary and the Tree of Jesse. The paired columns along each side of the cloister each share a capital. Each capital's decoration is unique, and they contain a variety of animals, foliage or an abstract design. Due to the later date of their creation, the capitals on the second story of the cloister depict narrative scenes. All of the east gallery's capitals and most of the capitals in the north gallery were carved by the same sculptural workshop. The east gallery was the first to be finished, and it was followed by the completion of the north gallery. After the intermission of construction on the cloister, work was resumed in 1158. The south gallery was completed soon after, and the newly reconstructed west gallery was the last side of the cloister to be finished. Before the west gallery was completed, plans were made to construct the second story of the cloister. It is believed that the lower story's sculptural style is of better quality than that of the upper story. Together with the library of Toledo Cathedral, the Silos Library was the main repository of liturgical manuscripts of the Mozarabic rite until many were auctioned in 1878. The library still contains the Missal of Silos, the oldest Western manuscript on paper. There is a historic pharmacy with a specialist library. Some manuscripts from the Silos scriptorium are preserved at the British Library in London and the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris. One of the major books produced in the abbey was a finely illuminated Beatus manuscript (a commentary upon the \"Apocalypse\"); the text was completed (by two related monks) in 1091, but the illuminations (illustrations) were mostly done later by the prior, who finished his work in 1109. These include an important map of the Mediterranean regions. This is now in the British Library, having left the monastery by the 18th century. The monks originally sang Mozarabic chant. At some point around the eleventh century they switched to Gregorian chant. In 1880 the abbey became a member of the Solesmes Congregation, and the singing has since been influenced by the scholarship and performance style of Solesmes Abbey. The monks of Silos became internationally famous for singing Gregorian chant as a result of the remarkable success of their 1994 album \"Chant\", one of a number of recordings they have made. It peaked at #3 on the \"Billboard\" 200 music chart, and was certified as triple platinum, becoming the best-selling album of Gregorian chant ever released. It was followed by \"\" (also released in 1994) and \"Chant II\" (1995). Technically, the Silos monks are surpassed by other choirs, but they are undoubtedly authentic in the sense that they sing Gregorian chant as part of their daily worship. As a reviewer in \"Gramophone\" puts it: \"The ensemble is not always perfect, but if these are not professional singers, they are, and they sound like, truly professional monks.\" The monks are also one of the few choirs to have recorded Mozarabic chant. The cloisters and pharmacy are open to the public. Visitors are also able to attend services such as vespers in the abbey church. Access to the library is restricted to researchers. Abbey of Santo Domingo de Silos Santo Domingo de Silos Abbey () is a Benedictine monastery in the village of Santo Domingo de Silos in the southern part of Burgos Province in northern Spain. The monastery is named after the eleventh-century saint Dominic of Silos. The monastery dates back to the Visigothic period of the 7th century. In the 10th century, the abbey was called San Sebastián de Silos, but acquired its current name when"
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"Iván Parra Iván Ramiro Parra Pinto (born October 14, 1975 in Sogamoso) is a Colombian road bicycle racer for Colombian Continental cycling team Formesán-Bogotá Humana. He has also competed professionally for Petróleos de Colombia, Vitalicio Seguros, , >, Cafes Baque, , , and . Parra comes from a Colombian cycling family. His father, Humberto was a successful in the Vuelta a Colombia, his eldest brother was the famous Colombian climber Fabio Parra who won stages in the Tour de France and the Vuelta a España in the 1980s. His other brother (named after his father) Humberto was also a professional cyclist for several years. Parra started cycling as a mountain bike rider and was the Colombian national MTB champion in 1994. He represented Colombia internationally as a Mountain Biker but changed to road racing. In 1998 he came second in the Vuelta a Colombia. In 1999 he came to ride in the European peloton. In 2005 while riding for the UCI Professional Continental team Serramenti PVC Diquigiovanni-Selle Italia, Parra won two back-to-back stages of the 2005 Giro d'Italia. Iván Parra Iván Ramiro Parra Pinto (born October 14, 1975 in Sogamoso) is a Colombian road bicycle racer for Colombian Continental cycling"
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"Catalyst poisoning Catalyst poisoning refers to the partial or total deactivation of a catalyst. Poisoning is caused by chemical compounds. Although usually undesirable, poisoning may be helpful when it results in improved selectivity. For example, Lindlar's catalyst is poisoned so that it selectively catalyzes the reduction of alkynes. On the other hand Lead from leaded gasoline deactivates catalytic converters. Poisoning is one of several mechanisms for the deactivation of a catalyst. Other mechanisms include sintering, coking, and solid-state transformation. Poisoning often involves compounds that bond chemically to the active surface sites of a catalyst. Poisoning decreases the number of catalytic sites or the fraction of the total surface area that has the capability of promoting reaction always decreases, and the average distance that a reactant molecule must diffuse through the pore structure before undergoing reaction may increase. Poisoned sites can no longer accelerate the reaction with which the catalyst was supposed to catalyze. Large scale production of substances such as ammonia in the Haber–Bosch process include steps to remove potential poisons from the product stream. When the poisoning reaction rate is slow relative to the rate of diffusion, the poison will be evenly distributed throughout the catalyst and will result in homogeneous poisoning of the catalyst. Conversely, if the reaction rate is fast compared to the rate of diffusion, a poisoned shell will form on the exterior layers of the catalyst, a situation known as \"pore-mouth\" poisoning, and the rate of catalytic reaction may become limited by the rate of diffusion through the inactive shell. Organic functional groups and inorganic anions often have the ability to strongly adsorb to metal surfaces, i.e. they are poisons. Common catalyst poisons include the following: carbon monoxide, halide, cyanide, sulfide, sulfite, and phosphite and organic molecules such as nitriles, nitros, oximes and nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Agents vary their catalytic properties because of the nature of the transition metal. If the catalyst and reaction conditions are indicative of a low effectiveness factor, selective poisoning may be observed, which is a phenomenon where poisoning of only a small fraction of the catalyst surface gives a disproportionately large drop in activity. Mathematical models exist which describe the cases where the interaction of the poisoning process with the influence of the intraparticle diffusion on the rates of the primary and poisoning reactions leads to an interesting relations between observed catalytic activity and the fraction of surface poisoned. By combining a material balance over a differential element of pore length and the Thiele modulus, the equation is found: where \"η\" is the effectiveness factor of the poisoned surface and \"h\" is the Thiele modulus for the poisoned case. When the ratio of the reaction rate for the poisoned pore to the unpoisoned pore is considered, the following equation can be found: where \"F\" is the ratio of rates of poisoned and unpoisoned pores, \"h\" is the Thiele modulus for the unpoisoned case, and \"α\" is the fraction of the surface that is poisoned. The above equation simplifies depending on the value of \"h\". When \"h\" is small, meaning that the surface is available, the equation becomes: This represents the \"classical case\" of nonselective poisoning where the fraction of the activity remaining is equal to the fraction of the unpoisoned surface remaining. When \"h\" is very large, it becomes: In this case, the catalyst effectiveness factors are considerably less than unity, and the effects of the portion of the poison adsorbed near the closed end of the pore are not as apparent as when \"h\" is small. Delving further into the mathematical relationships of selective poisoning, or \"Pore-Mouth\" poisoning, looking at the steady-state conditions, the rate of diffusion of the reactant through the poisoned region is equal to the rate of reaction. The rate of diffusion is given by: And the rate of reaction within a pore is given by: Through further manipulation and substitution, the fraction of the catalyst surface available for reaction can be obtained from the ratio of the poisoned reaction rate to the unpoisoned reaction rate: or where, as before, \"h\" is the Thiele modulus for the unpoisoned case, and \"α\" is the fraction of the surface that is poisoned. Usually, catalyst poisoning is undesirable as it leads to a loss of usefulness of expensive noble metals or their complexes. However, poisoning of catalysts can be used to improve selectivity of reactions. Poisoning can allow for selective intermediates to be isolated and final products with desirable stereochemistry to be achieved. Poisoning of palladium and platinum catalysts has been extensively researched. As a rule of thumb, platinum (as Adams' catalyst, platinum oxide finely divided on carbon) is less susceptible. Common poisons for these two metals are sulfur and nitrogen-heterocycles like pyridine and quinoline. In some cases, a highly active catalyst can lead to undesirable secondary reactions with the desired product. In some of these cases, the addition of a small amount of a catalyst poison increases the yield of the desired product by lower the catalyst activity. For example, in the classical \"Rosenmund reduction\" of an acyl chloride to the corresponding aldehyde, the palladium catalyst (over barium sulfate or calcium carbonate) is intentionally poisoned by the addition of sulfur or quinoline in order to lower the catalyst activity and thereby prevent further reduction of the aldehyde product to yield a primary alcohol. In the case of Lindlar's catalyst, palladium is poisoned with a lead salt to allow reduction of an alkyne to the corresponding alkene while preventing reduction of the alkene product to the corresponding alkane. In the purification of crude petroleum products the process of hydrodesulfurization is utilized. Thiol containing hydrocarbons, such as thiophene, are reduced using H in order to produce HS and different length chains of hydrocarbons. Common catalyst used are tungsten and molybdenum sulfide particles. By adding cobalt and nickel nuclei to either edge s or partially incorporating them into the crystal lattice structure can create more efficient catalyst. The synthesis of the catalyst creates a supported hybrid that prevents poisoning of the cobalt nuclei that may be unstable in the mono-nuclear form. A catalytic converter for an automobile can be poisoned if the vehicle is operated on gasoline containing lead additives. Fuel cells running on hydrogen must use very pure reactants, free of sulfur and carbon compounds. Raney nickel catalysts have reduced activity when it is in combination with mild steel. The loss in activity of the catalyst can be overcome by having a lining of epoxy or other substances. Catalyst poisoning Catalyst poisoning refers to the partial or total deactivation of a catalyst. Poisoning is caused by chemical compounds. Although usually undesirable,"
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"Sanfong Central Street The Sanfong Central Street or Sanfong Jhong Street () is a street in Sanmin District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. It is a traditional shopping area selling grocery goods and the largest grocery goods wholesale center in Kaohsiung. Around a century ago, there was a river by the street through which the local merchants imported exotic foreign goods. The area used to be the place to sell sundry goods and agricultural produce. As the consumption style transformed, the area has evolved into an area to supply primarily on things needed for the Chinese New Year, in the types of grains, processed farm produce and candies. The street is 400 meters long. The street is accessible within walking distance west of Kaohsiung Station. Sanfong Central Street The Sanfong Central Street or Sanfong Jhong Street () is a street in Sanmin District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. It is a traditional shopping area selling grocery goods and the largest grocery goods wholesale center in Kaohsiung. Around a century ago, there was a river by the street through which the local merchants imported exotic foreign goods. The area used to be the place to sell sundry goods and agricultural produce. As the consumption style transformed, the"
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"Unitarian Universalist Association Unitarian Universalist Association (UUA) is a liberal religious association of Unitarian Universalist congregations. It was formed in 1961 by the consolidation of the American Unitarian Association and the Universalist Church of America. Both of these predecessor organizations began as Christian denominations of the Unitarian and Universalist varieties respectively. However, modern Unitarian Universalists see themselves as a separate religion with its own beliefs and affinities. They define themselves as non-creedal, and draw wisdom from various religions and philosophies, including humanism, pantheism, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Judaism, Islam, and Earth-centered spirituality. Thus, the UUA is a syncretistic religious group with liberal leanings. In the United States, Unitarian Universalism grew by 15.8% between 2000 and 2010 to include 211,000 adherents nationwide. Most of the member congregations of the UUA are in the United States and Canada, but the UUA has also admitted congregations from Australia, New Zealand, the Philippines and Pakistan (although UUA policy appears at present to be against admitting any new congregations from outside North America, rather having them form their own national bodies and having these bodies join the International Council of Unitarians and Universalists). Until 2002, almost all member congregations of the Canadian Unitarian Council (CUC) were also members of the UUA and most services to CUC member congregations were provided by the UUA. However, after an agreement between the UUA and the CUC, since 2002 most services have been provided by the CUC to its own member congregations, with the UUA continuing to provide ministerial settlement services. Since 2002, some Canadian congregations have continued to be members of both the UUA and CUC while others are members of only the CUC. The Church of the Larger Fellowship (CLF) is a member church of the Unitarian Universalist Association providing denominational services to persons unable to attend a physical congregation because of distance or mobility, or who wish to belong to a congregation other than their local congregation. Many of these are Unitarian Universalists in other countries, members of the military, prisoners or non-mobile elderly. The Unitarian Universalist Association is headquartered at 24 Farnsworth Street, within Boston, Massachusetts. This serves as the historical center of Unitarianism in the U.S. As of 2009, the UUA comprised 19 Districts, 1,041 congregations with 164,656 certified members and 61,795 church school enrollees served by 1,623 ministers. However, as of 2011 the UUA had 162,796 certified members and 54,671 church school enrollees. This shows a decline of 1,860 members and 7,124 enrollees in church school since 2008. The UUA has, for the first time, also reported decline in average weekly attendance to 100,693 people. This is a drop of 1.5% on the 2010 reported figure. Many atheists and humanists are also a part of the various congregations of the Unitarian Universalist Association. The UUA was given corporate status in May 1961 under special acts of legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the State of New York. See Chapter 148 of the acts of 1960 of the Massachusetts legislature and Chapter 827 of the Acts of 1960 of the New York legislature. Copies of said acts are attached to the minutes of the organizing meeting of the association held in Boston, Massachusetts, in May 1961 and also are printed in the 1961–62 directory of the association. The UUA is not a denomination in the traditional sense; the UUA is an association of congregations with no one organization able to speak authoritatively for the whole. It is the congregations that have authority over the larger body, through the annual General Assembly of the Unitarian Universalist Association. Since the general public understands \"denomination\" much more readily than \"association of congregations\", the distinction is generally omitted in conversation. Because of this relationship between the congregations and the association, Unitarian Universalist congregations have a congregationalist polity of governance. However, day-to-day decisions are made by the president, the moderator, and the Board of Trustees. In its role as a national organization representing the congregations, the UUA is a member of various organizations, both religious and secular. The UUA does not have a central creed in which members are required to believe, but they have found it useful to articulate their common values in what has become known as the \"Principles and Purposes\". The first version of the principles was adopted in 1960, and the modern form was adopted in 1984 (including the 7th principle). They were amended once again in 1995 to include the 6th source. Both of these were added to explicitly include members with Neopagan, Native American, and other natural theist spiritualities. The principles as published in church literature and on the UUA website : General Assembly (GA) is held every year in June in a different city in the USA. Member congregations (and three associate member organizations) send delegates and conventioneers to participate in the plenary sessions, workshops, district gatherings, and worship services. The UUA requests annual contributions from its member congregations. The requested contribution, known as Fair Share, is calculated for each congregation by multiplying an annually determined membership fee times the number of registered members of that congregation. The UUA also has alternative modes of raising funds. In order for congregations to participate in certain programming, they will pay a nominal fee. Some funds are earned through charitable gifts or estate planning. Additionally, the UUA pools together investment funds from congregations or other constituents and manages them for a small percentage. UUA leaders concerned with membership numbers fluctuating from barely perceptible growth to slight decline, are working with a variety of experimental UU communities that represent alternative models of congregational formation—or that may point to new forms of affiliation. Two non-congregational organizations belong to the UUA as Associate Member organizations. Associate Member organizations are esteemed as inherently integral to the work of the UUA and its member congregations, and are accorded two voting delegates each to the annual General Assembly. The Associate Member organizations are the Unitarian Universalist Service Committee (UUSC), which is active in social change actions, and the Unitarian Universalist Women's Federation, which provides education and advocacy on women's issues. The Unitarian Universalist United Nations Office, which is a center of information and action at the United Nations, was an Associate Member organization until it became an office within the UUA in 2011. The UUA also recognizes many organizations as Independent Affiliate organizations. These organizations are created by Unitarian Universalists as needed to meet the special needs of the diversity within Unitarian Universalism. These groups may provide specialized spiritual support, work for specific social justice issues, provide support for religious professionals, etc. The UUA owns Beacon Press, a nationally known publisher of both fiction and non-fiction books. Skinner House Books publishes books primarily of interest to Unitarian Universalists. The UUA also participates in interfaith organizations such as the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility. The UUA is governed by delegates elected to the annual General Assembly. GA delegates elect the president, the moderator, and members of the Board of Trustees. From when the association was established in 1961 until 2010, the president and moderator were each elected to four-year terms by delegates at General Assembly. An individual could not be elected to more than two",
"provide specialized spiritual support, work for specific social justice issues, provide support for religious professionals, etc. The UUA owns Beacon Press, a nationally known publisher of both fiction and non-fiction books. Skinner House Books publishes books primarily of interest to Unitarian Universalists. The UUA also participates in interfaith organizations such as the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility. The UUA is governed by delegates elected to the annual General Assembly. GA delegates elect the president, the moderator, and members of the Board of Trustees. From when the association was established in 1961 until 2010, the president and moderator were each elected to four-year terms by delegates at General Assembly. An individual could not be elected to more than two successive terms. Candidates ran by petition. The 2010 General Assembly adopted a bylaw amendment, to take effect in stages beginning in 2013, making changes in the composition of the Board of Trustees and in the terms and election procedures for president and moderator. Under the new system, the president and moderator are each limited to a single term of six years. A Presidential Search Committee nominates candidates for president. The Board of Trustees nominates candidates for moderator. Individuals who are not nominated by the committee or the board may run by petition. The 2010 amendment also reduced the size of the Board of Trustees and changed the election process so that all trustees are elected by General Assembly. (The prior board consisted of one trustee elected by each UUA district and several at-large trustees elected by General Assembly.) The president of the UUA is its CEO and the religious leader of Unitarian Universalism in the United States. The current UUA president is Rev. Susan Frederick-Gray, who was elected at the 2017 UUA General Assembly in New Orleans, Louisiana; she will be the first president to serve a single six-year term, per a 2010 bylaw change. Frederick-Gray is the first woman to be elected as president of the UUA. The moderator of the UUA is the chair of the Board of Trustees and is the presiding officer at General Assembly. The moderator is the highest UUA position traditionally held by laity. Moderator Jim Key was elected for a six-year term at General Assembly in 2013. Due to \"significant health concerns\", Key resigned from office on May 13, 2017, less than a month before his death. In August 2017, Mr. Barb Greve and Elandria Williams were appointed to serve as Interim Co-Moderators until a special election for Moderator can be held at the 2018 General Assembly. The Religion in Life religious emblems program of UUA is no longer recognized by the Boy Scouts of America (BSA). The UUA published statements opposing the BSA's policies on homosexuals, atheists, and agnostics in 1992; and in 1993, the UUA updated Religion in Life to include criticism of these BSA policies. In 1998, the BSA withdrew recognition of Religion in Life, stating that such information was incompatible with BSA programs. The UUA removed the material from their curriculum and the BSA renewed their recognition of the program. When the BSA found that the UUA was issuing supplemental material with the Religion in Life workbooks that included statements critical of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or personal religious viewpoint, the BSA again withdrew recognition. The Unitarian Universalist Scouters Organization (UUSO) created the Living Your Religion program in May 2005 as a parallel award for Unitarian Universalist youth. The program was promoted at the 2005 National Scout Jamboree and shown as having BSA approval in the UUSO membership brochure and the Living Your Religion Guidebook. The UUA has stated that the UUSO is not recognized as an affiliate organization. As of March 2006, the UUSO has a stated goal to create a set of awards that are recognized by the UUA and BSA. In the wake of this controversy, a number of SpiralScouts International circles and dozens of Navigators USA Chapters have formed within congregations of the UUA, despite having no official affiliation with the UUA. Navigators USA, was founded by volunteers of All Souls Unitarian Church in New York City after terminating its charter with Boy Scout Troop 103 because of the BSA policies. Its founders describe as \"...committed to providing a quality scouting experience that is inclusive and available to all children and families regardless of gender, race, religion, economic status, sexual orientation and social background.\" There are currently 120 chapters in the United States, plus a number in the UK, France, and Kenya. In addition to SpiralScouts and Navigators USA, the UUA website also suggests Camp Fire as an alternative scout-like organization that comports with UU principles. Unitarian Universalist Association Unitarian Universalist Association (UUA) is a liberal religious association of Unitarian Universalist congregations. It was formed in 1961 by the consolidation of the American Unitarian Association and the Universalist Church of America. Both of these predecessor organizations began as Christian denominations of the Unitarian and Universalist varieties respectively. However,"
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"David Azrieli David Joshua Azrieli, (; May 10, 1922 – July 9, 2014) was an Israeli–Canadian real estate tycoon, developer, designer, architect, and philanthropist. With an estimated net worth of $US 3.1 billion (as of March 2013), Azrieli was ranked by Forbes as the ninth wealthiest Canadian and 401st in the world. David Azrieli was born into a Jewish family in Maków Mazowiecki, Poland, he fled Europe during World War II for British Mandate Palestine. Between 1943 and 1946, Azrieli briefly studied architecture at the Technion, though did not complete his studies at that time. He fought in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. In 1954, he immigrated to Montreal. At the age of 75, he received his master's degree in architecture from Carleton University. In Montreal, he established his building business, beginning with the construction of small duplexes and working his way up to apartment buildings and, later on, shopping malls. This business is now called Canpro Investments. Azrieli's building projects can be seen in the office buildings, high-rise residences, office towers and shopping centres he has built in Canada, the United States and Israel. His two companies are Montreal-based Canpro Investments Ltd. and Tel-Aviv-based Canit Investment, Management and Finance Ltd. Azrieli built a number of Israeli commercial centres including the Jerusalem Shopping Mall in Malha, Jerusalem, \"Kanion ha-Negev\" in Beersheba and the eponymous Azrieli Center in Tel Aviv, the largest real estate project in Israel, including three skyscrapers in the heart of Tel Aviv, which has become an architectural landmark at the core of Israel's business activities. In 1969, the heirs of Canadian railway magnate William Cornelius Van Horne put up for sale the Van Horne Mansion in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. A buyer was not found until 1973, when developer David Azrieli bought the land. His intention to raze the mansion was met with fierce opposition from many groups opposed to the demolition spree of the Golden Square Mile, including Rene Lepine, another big-time real estate developer who owned the building next to the Van Horne Mansion and who wanted to buy it back from Azrieli to restore the mansion instead of developing the land. However, Mr. Azrieli remained committed to demolishing the historic landmark, and, during the early morning hours of September 8, 1973, under the cover of darkness, he had the mansion demolished by bulldozers. Montreal residents woke the following morning to a pile of rubble where once stood the proud home. The Sofitel Montreal now stands on the property which is the building Azrieli built. As a direct result of this action, the group Save Montreal was formed to organise resistance to future demolitions. The Israeli newspaper Haaretz reported that \"What you won’t find on either the [Azrieli] foundation’s or company’s websites is that in 2010 the Azrieli Group apparently donated NIS 30,000 to Im Tirtzu\" even though the Azrieli group \"claims it has no political agenda.\" The donation was made specifically \"to a project to stop the academic boycott of Israel.\" Haaretz continues saying that \"in the past two years, hardly a week has gone by without the [Im Tirtzu] organization appearing in the headlines − often in controversial contexts.\" The Azrieli Foundation was established by David Azrieli in 1989 to support initiatives and develop and operate programs that promote access to education and the achievement of excellence in various fields of knowledge and activity. In addition, David Azrieli established the Azrieli Graduate School of Jewish Education and Administration at Yeshiva University in New York City. An endowment from David Azrieli also helped establish the David J. Azrieli Institute of Graduate Studies and Research in Architecture at Carleton University in Ottawa in 2004. In 1957, he married Stephanie Lefcourt. They have four children: Rafael, Sharon, Naomi and Dana. Azrieli and his wife resided in Herzliya, Israel, for 5 months per year, and in Westmount, Quebec for the rest of the year. He died on July 9, 2014 in Montreal, aged 92. David Azrieli David Joshua Azrieli, (; May 10, 1922 – July 9, 2014) was an Israeli–Canadian real estate tycoon, developer, designer, architect, and philanthropist. With an estimated net worth of $US 3.1 billion (as of March 2013), Azrieli was ranked by Forbes as the ninth"
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"The Romanoffs The Romanoffs is an American anthology drama web television series created, written, produced, and directed by Matthew Weiner that premiered on October 12, 2018, on Amazon Video. The series features an ensemble cast that differs from episode to episode with actors such as John Slattery, JJ Feild, Louise Bourgoin, Aaron Eckhart, and Diane Lane appearing across multiple episodes. \"The Romanoffs\" is a contemporary series \"set around the globe, centering on separate stories about people who believe themselves to be descendants of the Russian royal family.\" On October 26, 2016, multiple news outlets reported that Amazon had won a bidding war between six different entities and had committed to a straight-to-series order for the series with a $70 million budget for an eight episode first season. The series was set to be written, directed, and produced by \"Mad Men\" creator Matthew Weiner in cooperation with The Weinstein Company. On August 29, 2017, the series' creative team was announced. The series’ collaborators include executive producer/writer Semi Chellas, co-executive producers Kriss Turner Towner, Blake McCormick, and Kathy Ciric, along with consulting producers/writers Andre Jacquemetton and Maria Jacquemetton. The series behind-the-scenes creative team includes director of photography Christopher Manley, costume designers Janie Bryant and Wendy Chuck, production designers Henry Dunn and Christopher Brown, and hair and make-up designers Theraesa Rivers and Lana Horochowski. The casting team includes Carrie Audino, Laura Schiff, and Kendra Clark. On October 11, 2017, following reports of sexual abuse allegations against producer Harvey Weinstein, Amazon announced that they were \"reviewing their options\" in regards to their relationship with The Weinstein Company. They subsequently decided to sever all ties with the production company. On July 28, 2018, Amazon announced during the Television Critics Association's annual summer press tour that the series would premiere on October 12, 2018. From August to October 2017, a series of announcements revealed that Isabelle Huppert, Christina Hendricks, John Slattery, Jack Huston, Amanda Peet, Marthe Keller, Aaron Eckhart, Corey Stoll, Andrew Rannells, Mike Doyle, JJ Feild, Janet Montgomery, Paul Reiser, and Diane Lane had been cast in the series. From March to August 2018, numerous guest cast members were announced. These included Noah Wyle, Hera Hilmar, Kathryn Hahn, Kerry Bishé, Jay R. Ferguson, Ben Miles, Mary Kay Place, Griffin Dunne, Cara Buono, Ron Livingston, Jon Tenney, Clea DuVall, Radha Mitchell, Hugh Skinner, Juan Pablo Castañeda, Emily Rudd, Adele Anderson, Annet Mahendru, Louise Bourgoin, Inès Melab, Michael O'Neill, and David Sutcliffe. Filming took place in Constanța, Romania from March 14 to March 18, 2018. On July 28, 2018, the first teaser trailer for the series was released. On August 14, 2018, a second teaser trailer was released. On August 29, 2018, a series of \"first look\" promotional photographs from the series were released alongside a full episode lineup of the series featuring episode titles, synopsis, airdates, and which actors will appear in which episode. On September 12, 2018, the official trailer for the series was released. On November 15, 2018, the series held its official premiere at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in Los Angeles, California featuring a screening of the series. A red carpet arrival was originally scheduled to take place before the screening but it was canceled out of respect for the victims of the Woolsey Fire which was still burning in the Los Angeles and Ventura counties. The series has been met with a mixed response from critics upon its premiere. On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the first season holds a 51% approval rating, with an average rating of 5.61 out of 10 based on 55 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, \"Matthew Weiner's return to television is as handsomely made as it is ambitious and sprawling -- unfortunately, it's also fatally indulgent, asking for the utmost patience from audiences without a compelling incentive.\" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the season a score of 56 out of 100 based on 25 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews.\" The Romanoffs The Romanoffs is an American anthology drama web television series created, written, produced, and directed by Matthew Weiner that premiered on October 12, 2018, on Amazon Video. The series features an ensemble cast that differs from episode to"
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"Linus Lundqvist Linus Lundqvist (born 26 March 1999) is a Swedish racing driver and reigning BRDC British Formula 3 champion. Born in Tyresö, Lundqvist began karting at the age of six during a holiday in Finland and from there contested numerous championships in his native Sweden and across Europe and won numerous titles. In 2015, Lundqvist made his single-seater debut in the Formula Renault 1.6 Nordic championship with Team TIDÖ, where he claimed fourth in the Nordic championship, second in the JSM standings and third in the NEZ championship. The following year, Lundqvist returned to the renamed Formula STCC Nordic championship with the LL Motorsport Junior Team, where he dominated proceedings to claim ten wins and finish as Drivers and NEZ champion. In 2017, Lundqvist moved across to the British F4 championship with Double R Racing. In the championship, he claimed five victories but a string of inconsistent performances meant he could only achieve fifth in the drivers' standings. In July 2017, Lundqvist made his debut in the BRDC British Formula 3 championship, again with Double R. There he achieved three points finishes, the highest being a seventh in the third race. In February 2018, Double R announced Lundqvist would contest the championship full-time. There he claimed seven wins and three pole positions to claim the title at Silverstone after a season-long battle with Nicolai Kjærgaard. In November 2018, Campos Racing confirmed they would run Lundqvist in the post-season test at Yas Marina. In November 2018, Lundqvist won the Sunoco Whelen Challenge and received a drive for the 24 Hours of Daytona for 2019 with Whelen Engineering Racing. Linus Lundqvist Linus Lundqvist (born 26 March 1999) is a Swedish racing driver and reigning BRDC British Formula 3 champion. Born in Tyresö, Lundqvist began karting at the age of six during"
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"Oei Wie Gwan Oei Wie Gwan (), a native of Lasem, Central Java, was a Chinese-Indonesian businessman who founded the kretek company PT Djarum. The company was established on 21 April 1951 on Bitingan Kudus Street with of 10 employees. The small-time venture soon took off. Oei Wie Gwan in the mid-1950s, had purchased the brand and licence to the name. The word \"Djarum\" refers to a gramophone needle. His first business venture was the establishment of a fireworks factory under the brand Leo, located in Rembang, Central Java. Leo became a leading fireworks brand in Indonesia. The factory, established pre-World War II, stopped production after the nation gained independence, due to a government ban which resulted in the closure of fireworks factories in Indonesia. Kretek became Oei Wie Gwan's business of choice following the closure of his fireworks business. Under the PT Djarum brand, tobacco and cloves, were blended in cigarettes. In 1963, his death left his sons Michael Bambang Hartono and Robert Budi Hartono in charge of the company. Oei Wie Gwan Oei Wie Gwan (), a native of Lasem, Central Java, was a Chinese-Indonesian businessman who founded the kretek company PT Djarum. The company was established on"
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"Xylophanes maculator Xylophanes maculator is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is found from Mexico and Belize to Ecuador and further south to Venezuela and Bolivia. The wingspan is 65–75 mm. The upperside of the body has a characteristic pair of dark brown, subdorsal, longitudinal lines that run from the head, over the prothorax, along the inner edge of the tegula, across the metathorax and along the abdomen as a lateral stripe. The dorsal line of the abdomen is bordered by a pair of narrow dark brown lines highlighted on the posterior margins of the tergites by small spots. The forewings are relatively short and the outer margin is straight and the apex slightly falcate. The forewing upperside ground colour is brown and the discal spot small and black, immediately beyond which is a variably developed black cloud. The first to third postmedian lines are narrow (the first is sometimes heavier than the other two and straight along its entire length). The fourth postmedian line is strongest and the area between this and the fifth postmedian line is suffused with orange. The fifth postmedian line is interrupted. The inner margin distal to fourth postmedian line is shaded with black. Adults are on wing in April, from June to July, August or September and from November to December in Costa Rica but might even be on wing year-round. The larvae probably feed on Rubiaceae (such as \"Psychotria nervosa\" and \"Psychotria horizontalis\"), Fabaceae (such as \"Inga vera\"), Malvaceae and Dilleniaceae (such as \"Tetracera volubilis\") species. There are green and brown larval forms, which seem to choose appropriate hiding places to best blend in with the surroundings. The eyes are black with a blue-white dot. There is a dull yellow eye ring. The tail is black with a swelling at the base. There are fine yellow dots that are wide-spaced on the body. The last instar is gray black. Xylophanes maculator Xylophanes maculator is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is found from Mexico and Belize to Ecuador and further south to Venezuela and Bolivia. The wingspan is 65–75 mm. The upperside of the body has a characteristic pair of dark brown, subdorsal, longitudinal lines that run from the head, over the prothorax, along the inner edge of the tegula, across the metathorax and along the abdomen as a lateral stripe. The dorsal line of the abdomen is bordered by a"
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"Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation The Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation (PBC) () was established on 1 July 1994 and is within the jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority. It has a subsidiary radio station known as the Voice of Palestine and a satellite channel known as Palestinian Satellite Channel. Palestine TV first began broadcasting in 1996 in Gaza. The first head of the PBC was Fatah activist and Arafat loyalist Radwan Abu Ayyash, former head of the Arab Journalists' Association. The PBC was funded partially by the US government until 1998. On 19 January 2002 the Israel Defense Forces used explosives to destroy the five-storey main building and transmission tower of the PBC in Ramallah claiming retaliation for the killing of six people by a Palestinian gunman linked to Fatah. The Israeli Government later singled out PBC for broadcasting material deemed to be anti-Semitic or that incited violence. The broadcasting corporation is a former EBU associate member, and was alleged to have held negotiations with the EBU to become Active Members. However, Palestine is not a member of the required organisations, and thus does not comply with the criteria. Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation The Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation (PBC) () was established on 1 July 1994"
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"Peaceful Warrior Peaceful Warrior is a 2006 drama film directed by Victor Salva and written by Kevin Bernhardt based on the novel \"Way of the Peaceful Warrior\" by Dan Millman. Set at U.C. Berkeley, the film stars Scott Mechlowicz as a troubled but talented gymnast who meets a spiritual guide portrayed by Nick Nolte. Dan Millman is a university student as well as a locally famous gymnast who dreams of winning a National Championship competition. He suffers from restlessness, and on one occasion, Dan attempts to compensate for the restlessness by running along streets before sunrise. At a car-service station, he encounters an old man who seems to know more about Dan's problem than Dan himself knows, whom Dan later nicknames \"Socrates\". Dan is unsettled by Socrates' knowledge; by the fact that Socrates had appeared in a nightmare as a faceless janitor, clad in mismatched shoes (by which he is identified in waking life), who sweeps up the pieces of Dan's shattered leg; and by the old man's extraordinary speed, agility, and coordination. As a result of his exposure to the last, Dan seeks to learn the secret behind it. Socrates, prodded by the impatient and defiant Dan, gives the boy a series of tasks and lessons. The central concept of \"Soc's\" philosophy is this: that one must live entirely in the present moment. Other ideas include the related notion that at no time is \"nothing going on\" and the idea that an appropriate time exists for fighting and another for abstaining from violence. These lessons are conveyed through practical lessons, long contemplation, and one spectacular mystical experience. Dan gradually learns to appreciate every moment; to view the journey toward a goal as more meaningful and significant than the attainment; to pay attention to that which he is doing – thus increasing his gymnastic prowess; and (to a slightly lesser extent) control himself. Throughout the lesson, Dan learns virtually nothing about his mentor, other than the philosophy, Socrates' belief that service is the most noble action possible (hence his choice to work as a car serviceman), and the presence of another protégé. This protégé, a woman of Dan's own age named Joy, has learned and integrated Socrates' philosophy into her life, to the extent that she seems as wise as Socrates himself. Dan attempts to ask her for information regarding Socrates, but receives little. Joy treats Dan indulgently, though she evidently respects him. One day, Dan drives recklessly, and his motorcycle collides with a car that ran a red light, causing his right femur bone to shatter. He is rushed to a hospital, where a metal bar is placed in his leg to maintain its integrity. As a result, his gymnastic coach believes that Dan cannot compete in the National competition. Dan, hurt by this lack of faith, recovers from the injury and resumes his training under Socrates' tutelage. Eventually, he is restored to full health and strength, while his coordination improves and his mind is set entirely on the present moment. He competes in the U.S. Trials for the Olympics and achieves a victory. Slightly before the competition, Dan diverts the bus he is riding to Socrates' station, only to find that Socrates has vanished without a trace. At the arena, he attempts to teach his teammate Tommy what he has learned, but fails due to Tommy's emotional insecurity and lack of comprehension. Dan then is called upon for his turn to perform on the still rings. While he does his routine, Dan performs flawlessly just like Pommel Horse tryouts. Moments before he completes his routine, Socrates is in his thoughts asking him three questions: \"Where are you, Dan?\" \"Here.\" \"What time is it?\" \"Now.\" \"What are You?\" \"This Moment.\" Dan then performs triple consecutive flips, with the commentators frantically speaking and the judges staring at him in amazement. He then dismounts, and the rings swing outwards, eventually touching each other. The screen goes black, leaving his last moment unknown. The postscript states that Dan and his Berkeley Gymnastics Team won their first National title. It is implied at the end, in a postscript appearing on screen, that Dan of the film and Dan the author of the book on which the film is based are one and the same. It is also stated that the later Dan lives with his wife Joy. According to Nolte, “I’ve known this book since the late seventies. I had gone through the sixties with the peace movement, resistance of the war, civil rights. Millman had written this book about spiritual discovery in a novel. It was very open and readable and it appealed to a lot of people. At that time that it was offered to me, way, way back like 19 years ago I didn’t feel as close or the importance of the message in this piece as I do now.” \"Peaceful Warrior\" received mixed to negative reviews, currently holding a 25% \"rotten\" rating from Rotten Tomatoes; the consensus states: \"Based on a best-selling memoir, \"Peaceful Warrior\" loses something in the transition from page to screen. It hits the viewer over the head with philosophical jargon, and ultimately fails to live up to its source material.\" On Metacritic, the film has a 40/100 rating, indicating \"mixed or average reviews.\" Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" gave the film 2½ stars out of 4. Peaceful Warrior Peaceful Warrior is a 2006 drama"
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"Tom Price (actor) Tom Price (born 12 July 1980 in Hereford) is a British actor, voice-over artist and stand-up comedian originally from Monmouth, Wales. He is married to producer Beth Morrey, most noted for being the creator of hit Channel 4 quiz format \"Wogan's Perfect Recall\". Price's comedy career began in 1998 when he co-starred in a revue at Monmouth School, These Charming Men. He continued acting as a student at Warwick University, where he studied English Literature. After graduating, he turned down a place at drama school and moved to London. HIs first TV appearance was playing a waiter in an episode of \"Absolute Power\". He is known to television audiences for being one of the stars of the Five comedy sketch show \"Swinging\". He has also appeared in a recurring role as police officer Andy Davidson in a number of episodes of \"Torchwood\", a spin-off from the long running science fiction series \"Doctor Who\". In 2008 he starred in the BBC Three sketch show \"The Wrong Door\" and filmed the role of Darrin Stephens in a pilot UK remake of \"Bewitched\", which never got aired. Other TV appearances include \"Doctors\" (2009) and \"Secret Diary of a Call Girl\" (2010). Price also featured in Renault TV's program \"The Key\". In 2011 Price reprised the role of Andy Davidson in \"\", airing on BBC One and US premium television network Starz. In addition to his TV performances Price has appeared in the films \"The Boat that Rocked\" and \"Hereafter\". In 2011 he appeared in an 8-part comedy reality series called \"World Series of Dating\" on BBC3 with Rob Riggle. He was most recently a regular alongside Ruth Jones in \"Stella\" and appeared in recent series of \"Count Arthur Strong\" and \"Episodes\". Price often performs as a stand-up comedian across the UK and internationally. He took his debut stand-up show, \"Say When\", to the Edinburgh Festival in 2011, and a reviewer described his comedic style as \"easygoing, good-natured autobiographical\". He returned to Edinburgh in 2014 with his show \"Not as Nice as He Looks\", which was described by one reviewer as \"refreshing, innovative and frighteningly funny\". In Autumn 2014, Tom supported Stephen Merchant on his European Tour. Price appeared as Gordon, a young drunken doctor, in the BBC Radio 4 comedy show \"Rigor Mortis\" for three series, alongside Peter Davison, Geoffrey Whitehead, Matilda Ziegler and, for series one, Tracy-Ann Oberman. His radio credits also include the Torchwood Radio Play \"Asylum\", in which he reprised his role as Andy. He hosts the BBC Radio Wales comedy news show \"The Leak with Tom Price\", which began in September 2014. Prior to that, he regularly hosted the topical comedy radio show \"What's the Story?\" on the same station. In October 2016 Tom became the weekend afternoon host on Magic radio. From September 2017 Tom became the weekend breakfast show host on Magic Radio (6am10am), taking over from Harriet Scott who was to become the new weekday breakfast show host alongside Ronan Keating. Price was also one of the presenters of BBC3's \"Destination Three\". He also presented \"Senseless\" on MTV. In 2014 he narrated the ITV1 documentary \"Quads\". In advertising he has appeared in Velvet Triple Soft and Trident \"Mastication for the Nation\" adverts, and has been the voice of Nescafe. He has performed in a Virgin Atlantic advert and appeared in jingles on the comedy podcast Answer Me This!. He has also played the part of the PG Tips' Monkey. He has also reprised his role as Andy Davidson in a number of Torchwood audio stories produced by Big Finish Productions. Tom Price (actor)"
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"Gouy-Saint-André Gouy-Saint-André is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. A village situated some 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Montreuil-sur-Mer on the D137 road. In 1130, monks of the Premonstratensian Order chose a site on the plateau between the rivers Canche and Authie to build their abbey. The church had begun in 1156 and consecrated in 1220. It was surrounded by many buildings and had a large tower, a barn and two cloisters. Hostilities in the sixteenth and seventeenth century caused much damage. In the early years of the 18th century, the church building was reconstructed, as was the rest of the abbey around 1751 under the leadership of Dom Ignace Crépin with the guidance of the architect Arrageois Merville. <br>After the revolution only the abbey church and agricultural outbuildings were left standing. The Marquis de Riencourt then transformed it into a chateau, Farm buildings were built between 1752 and 1755 by architect Claude Brunion and were expanded up to 1784. The current buildings facades are exceptional architecturally with bricks and stones. The chateau was accidentally burned down by British troops in 1918. The triangular pediment over the main gate bears the arms of the abbey and of the bishop of Amiens. It is typical of the classical architectural style of that period. Gouy-Saint-André Gouy-Saint-André is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. A village situated some 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Montreuil-sur-Mer on the D137 road. In 1130, monks of the Premonstratensian Order chose a site on the plateau between the rivers Canche and Authie to build their abbey. The church had begun in 1156 and consecrated in 1220. It was surrounded by many buildings and had a large tower, a barn and two cloisters. Hostilities in"
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"Dominator culture Dominator culture refers to a model of society where fear and force maintain rigid understandings of power and superiority within a hierarchical structure. Futurist and writer Riane Eisler first popularized this term in her book \"The Chalice and the Blade\" (Harper Collins San Francisco, 1987). In it, Eisler positions the dominator model in contrast to the partnership model, a more egalitarian structure of society founded on mutual respect among its inhabitants. In dominator culture, men rule over women, whereas partnership culture values men and women equally. Other theorists, including Terence McKenna and bell hooks, have expanded on the implications and impact of dominator culture. They, among others, argue that adherence to the dominator model over the partnership model denies the possibility of a more equal society, systematically allowing for the persecution of those who are “dominated”—including racial and ethnic minorities, LGBT people, and women. Riane Eisler presents dominator culture as a cultural construction of the roles and relations of women and men, where men “dominate,” or are in control within society. Regardless of the location, time period, religious beliefs, or advancements in technology, a society might follow the dominator culture model. Eisler characterizes dominator culture as featuring four core elements: The dominator model is framed in contrast to the partnership model. In a sort of reversal of the elements of dominator culture, the partnership model is characterized by: By juxtaposing dominator culture with partnership culture, Eisler creates a continuum between the two. She argues that where a society falls on this spectrum influences its culture, beliefs, and actions. Adherence to dominator culture affects people from a personal to a public level, as seen in its societal impact. The prevalence of dominator culture has shifted over time. Eisler claims that, in the prehistory of humans, partnership used to be the norm. In both the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods, there are examples of matriarchal societies preceding patriarchies. British archeologist James Mellaart, for example, reported a Neolithic site with many female images and no signs of destructive warfare for almost 1000 years. For thousands of years, people lived in these peaceful partnership societies, until warlike nomadic tribes disrupted the balance with their dominator cultures. Since then, fluctuations between dominator and partnership societies have occurred over time, but the primary shift has been towards dominator culture. Dominator culture impacts the way a society appears and functions. Riane Eisler posits that “narratives about our cultural origins,” like dominator culture, “reflect and guide how we think, feel, and act.” Though no culture is fully dominator or fully partnership in its construction, the degree to which it aligns with one of these models impacts the beliefs, institutions, and relationships of that society. The main distinction between the dominator and partnership models, according to Eisler, is their treatment of the relationships between men and women. She argues that, historically, men have been the dominators, leading to patriarchal society that upholds constricting, traditional gender roles. Surveys by anthropologists Peggy R. Sanday and Scott Coltrane support this connection, showing the correlation between a society’s structure and the expectations for men and women. They found that greater equality between men and women led to greater male involvement in childcare. However, because dominator culture upholds a harsh division between masculinity and femininity, it dissociates masculinity from anything stereotypically feminine—even at the expense of benefits such as those reported by Sanday and Coltrane. Accordingly, in these societies that prize domination and power, the societal value for qualities like empathy, caregiving, and nonviolence diminishes. Instead, by viewing femininity as undesirable and inferior, these dominator societies accept and perpetuate violent and inequitable behavior. In dominator culture, society reinforces such hierarchies by presenting the dominator model as the natural order of society. According to Eisler, some sociobiologists and psychologists claim that male dominance is inherent in human genes and a product of evolution, demonstrating dominator thinking. Theorist bell hooks has expanded on this, indicating that dominator culture “teaches us that we are all natural-born killers but that males are more able to realize the predator role.” By accepting male dominance as a genetic imperative, society justifies a dominator structure. Consequently, this situates the desire to overpower and control others as part of human identity, according to hooks. This hierarchical disparity is not only explained genetically but societally reinforced, extending to “power” more generally. Although Eisler often distinguishes between the two models on the basis of gender, she also applies these hierarchies more broadly to other societal constructions of power, like race, class, and age. Terence McKenna, a friend of Eisler’s and fellow writer, asserts that Eisler's book \"The Chalice and the Blade\" “de-genderized the terminology,” framing it as a contrast between dominator and partnership ideologies, rather than just an indictment of patriarchy. Supporting this interpretation, Eisler argues that society’s requirement of children to be submissive and obedient to their parents reflects the influence of dominator culture. Dominator culture encourages the ideology, from childhood, that one either dominates or is dominated. Accordingly, dominator culture not only equates the difference between men and women to superiority and inferiority, but rather “frame[s] all relationships as power struggles.\" Dominator culture has had varying manifestations in society throughout the course of human history, from the prehistoric warlike tribes of the Neolithic era to present-day displays. The dominator structure of society dictates and shapes the culture that accompanies it. Other authors have used, expanded on, and interpreted Riane Eisler’s idea of dominator culture to apply it to a wide range of fields, as far-reaching as nursing, war, language learning, economics, and ecofeminism. Author Malcolm Hollick cites Nazi Germany, Stalinist Russia, and Islamic fundamentalist states as modern, though severe, examples of dominator societies. The Nazi claim to power, for example, was also accompanied by the call for women’s return to “traditional,” or subservient, places in family structures. However, manifestations of dominator culture are not always so extreme; the effects of dominator culture often manifest in pervasive and subtle ways in society. In the United States, the wars on terror, drugs, and crime perpetuate the use of force to achieve an end and indicate a lessening of certain freedoms. On a larger scale, sex-slavery, forced marriage, and the acceptance of wife-beating persist around the world. Though the Western world has made considerable strides towards a more partnership society in the past few centuries—Western society boasts of freedom of speech, access to education, political participation, gay rights, and women in the workforce—the shift towards the partnership model is neither universal nor complete. Similarly, dominator culture threatens the preservation of the environment. Hierarchical societies that value claiming control justify humans' claims of dominion over nature. Terence McKenna expanded on Eisler’s work, using the idea of dominator culture to illuminate the character of what he sees as Western patriarchal culture—indicating, for example, his claims that it perennially lacks social conscience and lacks concern for the environment. He argues that, “The entire structure of dominator culture… is based upon our alienation from nature, from ourselves, and from each other.” As a result, dominator",
"boasts of freedom of speech, access to education, political participation, gay rights, and women in the workforce—the shift towards the partnership model is neither universal nor complete. Similarly, dominator culture threatens the preservation of the environment. Hierarchical societies that value claiming control justify humans' claims of dominion over nature. Terence McKenna expanded on Eisler’s work, using the idea of dominator culture to illuminate the character of what he sees as Western patriarchal culture—indicating, for example, his claims that it perennially lacks social conscience and lacks concern for the environment. He argues that, “The entire structure of dominator culture… is based upon our alienation from nature, from ourselves, and from each other.” As a result, dominator culture not only accepts but justifies the pollution and destruction of the environment. Daniel Quinn, a philosophical and environmental writer, takes on these issues in his novel \"Ishmael\", characterizing dominator culture as Taker culture and detailing its incompatibility with the environment. The term has been used and expanded upon by other writers, such as Despite the stability and fairness characteristic of partnership society, dominator culture often still takes precedence. Eisler argues that blindly accepting dominator culture as part of the genetic, natural order of the world excuses human responsibility. When people understand dominator culture as a genetic imperative, they ignore environmental influences, including parenting. This perpetuates the cycle of dominator culture and ignores scientific findings that contradict the supposedly genetic nature of violence. By accepting dominator culture as the norm, people discount their own claim to agency. However, in her article “Love as the Practice of Freedom,” bell hooks offers a potential counter to dominator culture. She states that love—the “longing to connect with someone radically different”—led people to overcome dominator thinking in action, whether the issue was “ending racism, sexism, homophobia, or class elitism.” Ultimately, Eisler acknowledges that cultural transformation does not happen on its own; however, she asserts, “Many of us worldwide are working for cultural transformation, for a shift to a more peaceful, equitable, and sustainable way of relating to one another and our Mother Earth.” Dominator culture Dominator culture"
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"Jon Price Jon Price (born September 28, 1973) is an American sports gambler, adviser, entrepreneur, and nationally syndicated radio personality. He placed multiple high-stakes sports wagers, including a million dollar bet on Super Bowl XLIX between the Seattle Seahawks and the New England Patriots, as well as an early futures bet on the 2015 Kansas City Royals to win the World Series before the season began. He's the founder and owner of Sports Information Traders; an online sports handicapping service. Price comes from a middle-class family in New York City. He attended New York University (NYU) where he received a degree in Mathematics. During his years at NYU Price started off winning money in small gambling communities at school, but quickly grew into placing larger wagers on his own. In 1996, he started his first business and central professional focus of his career, the sports handicapping firm called Sports Information Traders. Price has also cooperated with other notable figures in recent years, like Mike Wise, to expand the reach of his service. Currently, he is featured on weekly FM sports radio talk shows across the country. Price has been featured in a number of publications throughout his time at Sports Information Traders. Forbes Magazine did a feature on him and his knowledge of Super Bowl Prop Bets. He's also been interviewed by various sports handicapping publications like Gambling911, the Huffington Post, and The Sports Daily. In addition to these, Price is also featured on various radio programs throughout the country on a weekly basis. Price has drawn notoriety for the matter in which he conducts his business and hires employees, as well. He has strict guidelines for what he looks for when expanding his team. Specifically, Ph.D.'s with backgrounds in Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics, or Statistics. Also, strong analytical and programming skills is something he values in his hiring practices. During the 2015-16 College Football Bowl Season, Inc. Magazine did a feature on Price and his strategies for wagering on sports successfully, particularly in Bowl Games. Price has been said to have won over a million dollar wager on Super Bowl XLIX between the Seattle Seahawks and the New England Patriots. His most notable and verified wager was in 2015 when he placed a wager in Major League Baseball on the Kansas City Royals to win the World Series before the season began. This wager cost him $22,000 at the time, but ended up winning him $264,000. Jon Price Jon Price (born September 28, 1973) is an American sports gambler, adviser, entrepreneur, and nationally syndicated radio personality. He placed multiple high-stakes sports wagers, including a million dollar bet on Super Bowl XLIX between the Seattle Seahawks and the New England Patriots, as well as an early futures bet on the 2015 Kansas City Royals to win the World Series before the season began. He's the founder and owner of Sports Information Traders; an online sports handicapping service. Price comes from a middle-class family in New York City. He attended New"
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"Identity Ventures Racing Identity Ventures Racing was an American professional stock car racing team that last competed in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. The team was founded by Identity Ventures Owners James Hamilton and Mark Bailey, Atlanta-based investor Nat Hardwick and Jay Robinson, longtime owner of a Nationwide Series team. IVR formed before the 2014 NASCAR season, and was run out of Robinson's Nationwide Series shop. The team operated as a satellite team of Michael Waltrip Racing to handling that organization's research-and-development operations, using the equipment of Joe Nemechek, one of the team’s drivers. Following lawsuits against Hardwick in August and September 2014, his ownership stake in the team passed back to Hamilton, Bailey and Robinson. The team was sold after one season to Premium Motorsports. Robinson moved the equipment and owner's points to Premium Motorsports. The No. 66 was originally the No. 56 for Michael Waltrip Racing; its current incarnation had its beginnings in an incident during the 2013 Federated Auto Parts 400 at Richmond International Raceway, in which MWR was charged with fixing the outcome of the race to get Martin Truex, Jr. into the Chase for the Sprint Cup. As a result, Truex was booted from the Chase, sponsor NAPA Auto Parts left the team for JR Motorsports, while Truex departed for Furniture Row Racing. This left MWR's No. 56 team without a driver or sponsor for 2014. For 2014, MWR initially planned to run a part-time car out of their shop for owner Michael Waltrip and veteran Jeff Burton. However, on January 30, 2014, MWR announced a deal with team owner Jay Robinson, spinning off the No. 66 into a satellite team. Identity Ventures Racing was formed when Robinson partnered with the two owners of Identity Ventures and Atlanta-based Nat Hardwick. Joe Nemechek's Toyota Camry fleet was purchased by IVR in preparation for the MWR alliance, and in return Nemechek was named the team's primary driver. Burton only ended up running two races in the car, with MWR development driver Brett Moffitt taking over most of Burton's schedule. One of Nemechek's starts was replaced by another young driver, Timmy Hill, while Nemechek ran the truck race in Texas. At the Sonoma road course, Tomy Drissi ran the car as a road course ringer. Mike Wallace ran several fall races after Nemechek left the team. Waltrip ran all four restrictor plate races. The team fielded three different types of efforts in 2014. For some races, Identity fielded the car with limited MWR support. This was the case for all of Nemechek's races and Drissi's road course start. For certain other races, Identity fielded the car out of their own shop but with strong MWR support. These included Moffitt's first race in the car, and Waltrip's third race. Finally, the car was fielded out of the MWR shop for some races, but still using Identity's equipment and points. These included Waltrip's first two starts, Burton's two starts, and Moffitt's second and third starts. Sponsorship of the team had included PEAK Motor Oil, Farm Bureau Insurance, Testroil, Vydox, myAFIBstory.com, Royal Teak Collection and others. However, the team's primary sponsor for most of the season was Landcastle Title, a real-estate title firm owned by team investor Nat Hardwick. Some of Hardwick's other companies also appeared on the car, including Morris-Hardwick-Schneider, Smart Ben and the Dustin Johnson Foundation. The team's sponsorship, as well as Hardwick's role in the organization was put into question when he was fired from many of these companies in late August, and was embroiled in numerous lawsuits alleging that he misappropriated over $30 million in company funds. Although Identity Ventures executives still owned the team, this ended the primary sponsorship from Hardwick's companies. At Atlanta in September, when the story broke, the Morris-Hardwick-Schneider paint scheme was stripped from the car after qualifying, with Brett Moffitt driving a blank blue car in the race. The team was forced to rely on its secondary partners for sponsorship for the rest of the season, while picking up additional backing from several southeast law firms. Nonetheless, the team was forced to run several races without sponsorship that had been scheduled to be sponsored by Hardwick. Nemechek's best finish in the car was 30th at Watkins Glen, while failing to qualify at Texas in April. Burton's best finish was 17th, coming at Las Vegas. Waltrip had a best run of 16th at the October Talladega race. Wallace had a best of 26th at the fall Martinsville race. Meanwhile, Moffitt has a best finish of 22nd in his debut at Dover, while failing to qualify at Indianapolis. Identity Ventures Racing sold the team after its first season. The owner points were transferred to the reconstituted Jay Robinson team, now known as Premium Motorsports. Identity Ventures Racing Identity Ventures Racing was an American professional"
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"Thomas Pierson Thomas Pierson (March 22, 1950 – February 20, 2014) was founder and CEO of the SETI Institute (search for extraterrestrial intelligence), a non-profit institute conducting research in Astrobiology. Tom Pierson was raised and educated in the public schools of Norman, Oklahoma. He attended the University of Oklahoma where he received a bachelor's degree in business administration with dual majors in management and accounting. In 1974 he was recruited by then new Sonoma State University to lead the establishment of a University Foundation for faculty research. This effort led to several leadership roles in the California State University system-wide Auxiliary Organizations Association. and eventually to an appointment as Associate Director of the much larger Foundation at San Francisco State University (SFSU) where, for almost nine years, he led the research development and administration programs of the university. While at SFSU, he earned an MBA degree in 1981, writing a thesis on the effect of differing leadership styles in higher education management. During this period at SFSU he assisted an adjunct faculty member (Professor Charles Seeger ) in obtaining research funding for NASA’s fledgling SETI research program (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) and through this introduction met many of the early SETI researchers. At that time, a good deal of NASA’s research on SETI was conducted through grants to universities, with the university personnel performing the work in NASA facilities. In 1984, encouraged by scientists such as Drs. Barney Oliver, John Billingham, and Jill Tarter, Pierson looked for a way to more efficiently use SETI funding. Later that year, an informal social gathering of SETI scientists, he presented his solution: to develop a non-profit research organization that could serve as an institutional home for scientists and engineers interested in devoting their careers to the study of life in the universe. The scientists, including Dr. Frank Drake, enthusiastically endorsed the idea. Pierson incorporated the SETI Institute as a 501(c)(3) non-profit on November 20, 1984, and by February 1985 the Institute received its first grant for research supporting NASA’s SETI Program. A few months later, the Institute received a second grant for Exobiology (later known as Astrobiology) research. From the start, Pierson encouraged the addition of all research and science education projects related to “life in the universe.” He made the Institute an attractive home for scientists and educators by assembling an administrative staff that provided efficient support services (purchasing, HR, accounting, etc.) with a very low overhead rate. As part of the original board, Pierson recruited Roger Heyns, President of the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and former Chancellor of UC Berkeley; and Dr. Frank Drake, then Dean of the Division of Natural Sciences at UC Santa Cruz. Other directors Pierson recruited throughout the years have included Nobel Laureates Dr. Baruch Blumberg, Former Director of the NASA Astrobiology Institute and Dr. Charles Townes, Professor Emeritus of Physics at UC Berkeley. When expansion of the Institute, he pulled in scientists working on a wide range of projects including Kepler, SOFIA, and studies related to the atmospheres of Titan, Europa and Mars. Under his direction in over 28 years, the Institute administered over $275 million in funded research and on average had 60 active Ph.D. level principal investigator scientists and projects annually. Pierson has given talks and presented a paper at scientific meetings and participated in conferences about SETI. He also encouraged social science research related to SETI and participated in a series of NASA workshops on the Cultural Aspects of SETI. After cancellation of the NASA SETI program in 1993, Pierson was instrumental in helping to raise private funding to continue the SETI project. David Packard and William Hewlett of Hewlett Packard, and Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel Corporation, and Paul Allen, co-founder of Microsoft Corporation reached into their own pockets and entrusted their funds to Pierson to save the Targeted Search portion of NASA's SETI program and move it to the SETI Institute to become Project Phoenix (SETI). Years later, Paul Allen was the primary funder ($28M) of the Allen Telescope Array. In 2012 Franklin Antonio, Co-founder and Chief Scientist of Qualcomm, donated $3.5 million for updates to more than double the sensitivity of the Allen Telescope Array. In 2006, when NASA's Astrobiology program was facing cuts, Pierson wrote an open letter with Baruch Blumberg to rally the Astrobiology community to eventually win back the support. When lack of funding forced the Allen Telescope Array into temporary hibernation in 2011, Pierson led the effort to reopen the array. Pierson also pursued joint projects and affiliations between the institute and universities. The Allen Telescope Array was built and operated with the Radio Astronomy Lab of the University of California, Berkeley. Pierson served on the oversight board for the array. He also established formal affiliations with a number of universities and organizations, the latest with the University of Southern California. Pierson was an elected member of the International Academy of Astronautics and has received numerous recognitions, including an individual NASA Public Service Medal, and the NASA Public Service Group Award Thomas Pierson Thomas Pierson (March 22, 1950 – February 20, 2014) was founder and CEO of the SETI Institute (search for extraterrestrial intelligence), a non-profit institute conducting research in Astrobiology. Tom Pierson was raised and educated in the public schools of Norman, Oklahoma. He attended the University of Oklahoma where he received a bachelor's degree in business administration with dual majors in management and"
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"Zeynab Begum Zeynab Begum (; died 31 May 1640), the fourth daughter of Safavid king (\"shah\") Tahmasp I (1524–1576), is considered to be one of the most influential princesses of the Safavid era. She lived during the reigns of five successive Safavid monarchs, and, apart from holding diverse functions, including at the top of the empire's bureaucratic system, she was also the leading matriarch in the royal harem for many years, and acted on occasion as kingmaker. She reached the apex of her influence during the early reign of King Safi (1629–1649). In numerous contemporaneous sources, she was praised as a \"mainstay of political moderation and wisdom in Safavid court politics\". Zeynab Begum was born to one of Tahmasp's Georgian wives, a princess named Huri-Khan Khanum. Her date of birth is unknown. At a young age, Zeynab Begum was assigned a guardian (\"laleh\"), Shah-Qoli Beg, a high-ranking member of the Shamlu Qizilbash faction. When her father died in 1576 and was succeeded by Ismail II (1576–1577), she was given in marriage to Ali-Qoli Khan Shamlu, a grandson of Durmish Khan Shamlu. The marriage took place not long before 7 December 1577, but it was apparently never consummated, for Zeynab Begum continued to live in the royal harem in the Safavid capital of Qazvin. She played a pivotal role by her support of her nephew, heir-apparent Hamzeh Mirza. According to a report by Iskander Beg Munshi, Zeynab Begum stood at the head of the royal harem during the frantic civil war that had engulfed the empire in the late 1580s, amidst the Ottoman-Safavid War of 1578–1590. In the period after Hamzeh Mirza's assassination in late 1586, she was assisted by her personal vizier, Mirza Lotfollah Shirazi, who later became grand vizier of the entire state. Thereafter, she functioned as one of the most important supporters of the young prince Abbas (later known by his regnal name of Abbas I; 1588–1629) during the war of succession that had commenced during the last few years of King Mohammad Khodabanda (1578–1587). In the first years of Abbas's tenure, Zeynab Begum continued to be a close confidant and acted, according to the Italian traveller Pietro Della Valle, as his foster mother. Even after these years, for as much as the first two decades of his reign, Zeynab Begum functioned as one of Abbas's \"key counselors\". She continued to be the leading matriarch in the harem, and she oversaw the upbringing of Abbas's sons. It appears that local governors and military chiefs asked her for political intervention on their behalf with Abbas I. During Abbas's reign, Zeynab Begum was intimately bound to the various administrative affairs of the crown (\"khasseh\") sector within the Safavid bureaucracy. Between 1592–1593 and 1613–1614, she functioned as the governor of the crown sector of Kashan, and had two bureaucrats who acted as her deputies. During these years, she reportedly owned several villages in the southern outskirts of the city of Yazd. This allowed her, for most of Abbas's reign, to collect the poll tax imposed on the domain's Zoroastrian community, and to keep it for herself. Thanks to these monies, she was able to build at least one caravanserai along the Isfahan-Kashan route in 1601–1602. A year later, she was given the post of the keeper of the seal used for all the royal decrees issued by the empire (\"mohrdār-e sharaf nafadh\"). In 1605, during the Ottoman-Safavid War of 1603–1618, she advised Abbas to attack the Ottomans at Sufian; this would result in one of his greatest military victories. She was on occasion included in the highest advisory body, the \"Council of State\"; in 1606, she was the only woman at the briefing. According to Antonio de Gouvea, \"She made it very apparent that she deserved the honour\". Several years later, in 1611–1612, she stood at the head of the royal banquet given on the occasion of the arrival of Wali-Mohammad Khan, the Uzbek ruler of Urgench, who had fled to the Safavid realm following an outbreak of civil war in Khwarezm. In 1613–1614, however, Zeynab Begum fell into disgrace. She was expelled from the harem, and all her posts were taken from her. She was subsequently banished to Qazvin, where she lived under house arrest. These events took place amidst several other purges of high-ranking Safavid officials and military leaders who were present at the court in Isfahan. According to historian Fazli Khuzani, this was the result of actions made by the leading \"mojtahed\" at the Safavid court, Mir Mohammad Baqer Damad. Zeynab Begum was allowed to re-enter the royal court around four years later. In his accounts, Pietro Della Valle noted that he saw her in Isfahan in 1617 in the company of the royal harem. Zeynab Begum was restored as head of the royal harem in Farahabad and Isfahan by Abbas in the spring of 1627. During Abbas's terminal illness, Zeynab Begum reportedly was in close contact with the court physicians and was responsible for the supervision of his treatment at Farahabad. When Abbas died on the morning of 19 January 1629, she personally oversaw the transfer of his remains from Farahabad to Kashan, as well as the logistics of the transfer of the royal harem from Farahabad to Isfahan. Though Zeynab Begum enjoyed numerous incidents of grand prestige and influence under Abbas, it was actually during the first few years of his successor, King Safi (1629–1642), that she reached the apex of her influence and power. According to contemporaneous court chronicles, she played an important role in convincing Abbas on his deathbed to appoint his grandson Sam Mirza (later known by his regnal name of Safi) as his successor to the imperial throne. In the first few months of Safi's reign, Zeynab Begum stood on a daily basis at the head of the entire administrative organ of the country. Later in the same year, she joined Safi during the Ottoman-Safavid War of 1623–1639. On 12 February 1632, during the widespread bloody purges initiated by Safi, he ordered Zeynab Begum to move from Isfahan to Qazvin, banishing her from the court. This marked the end of Zeynab Begum's illustrious and privileged position. According to a contemporaneous report, she spent her last days in Isfahan. She was succeeded as the leading matriarch in the royal harem by Dilaram Khanum, widow of Mohammad Baqer Mirza. Zeynab Begum died on 31 May 1640 in Qazvin and was buried in the Imam Reza shrine in Mashhad. Zeynab Begum Zeynab Begum (; died 31 May 1640), the fourth daughter of Safavid king (\"shah\") Tahmasp I (1524–1576), is considered to be one of the"
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"The Old Devils The Old Devils is a novel by Kingsley Amis, first published in 1986. The novel won the Booker Prize. It was adapted for television by Andrew Davies for the BBC in 1992, starring John Stride, Bernard Hepton, James Grout and Ray Smith (it was the latter's last screen appearance before his death). Alun Weaver, a writer of modest celebrity, returns to his native Wales with his wife, Rhiannon, sometime girlfriend of Weaver's old acquaintance Peter Thomas. Alun begins associating with a group of former friends, including Peter, all of whom have continued to live locally while he was away. While drinking in the house of another acquaintance, Alun drops dead, leaving the rest of the group to pick up the pieces of their brief reunion. \"The Old Devils\" is considered to be Amis's masterpiece by his son, Martin Amis, who wrote in his memoir, \"it stands comparison with any English novel of the century.\" The Old Devils The Old Devils is a novel by Kingsley Amis, first published in 1986. The novel won the Booker Prize. It was adapted for television by Andrew Davies for the BBC in 1992, starring John Stride, Bernard Hepton, James Grout and"
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"Inezgane Airport Inezgane Airport or Agadir Inezgane Airport is an airport in Agadir, the capital city of the Souss-Massa region in Morocco. The airport is located approximately northwest of Agadir's Al Massira Airport. After being replaced by the Al Massira airport for civilian service, it is now a military air base. The airport resides at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 10/28 with an asphalt surface measuring . On August 3, 1975, an Alia Royal Jordanian Airlines Boeing 707 struck a mountain peak when on approach to Agadir Airport. All 188 passengers and crew on board were killed. It is the worst ever incident involving a 707. During World War II, the airport was used by the United States Army Air Forces Air Transport Command as a hub for cargo, transiting aircraft and personnel on the North African Cairo–Dakar transport route for cargo, transiting aircraft and personnel. It functioned as a stopover en route to Marrakech Airport or to Dakhla Airport, near Villa Cisneros in French North Africa. In addition, an air connection to Atar Airport also handled cargo and personnel flights. After the war, Inezgane was the civilian airport of Agadir until 1991, when it was replaced by the new Agadir–Al Massira 20 km southwest of the city. Then it was converted back into a Moroccan military air base. Inezgane Airport Inezgane Airport or Agadir Inezgane Airport is an airport in Agadir, the capital city of the Souss-Massa region in Morocco. The airport is located approximately northwest of Agadir's Al Massira Airport. After being replaced by the Al Massira airport for civilian service, it is now a military air base. The airport resides at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 10/28 with an asphalt surface measuring ."
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"Joseph Wilfrid Daleus Joseph Wilfrid Daleus (November 20, 1949 – December 10, 2017), sometimes called Joseph Daleus, or Wilfrid Daleus, was a Haitian painter born in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Daleus was a completely self taught Haitian artist with no formal art training, beginning to paint before he was even a teenager and selling his first painting at the age of 10. It is said that Daleus would often credit God for his artistic abilities. He also owned his own gallery, “Daleus Museum and Art Gallery,” in northern Miami, Florida. And while Daleus painted a variety of subjects, always relating to Haiti, he also did a number of paintings specifically featuring Haitian vodou ceremonies. In 2017, Daleus passed away on December 10 at the Jackson Memorial Hospital in Miami, Florida at the age of 68 after battling complications with diabetes and respiratory problems. Joseph Wilfrid Daleus Joseph Wilfrid Daleus (November 20, 1949 – December 10, 2017), sometimes called Joseph Daleus, or Wilfrid Daleus, was a Haitian painter born in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Daleus was a completely self taught Haitian artist with no formal art training, beginning to paint before he was even a teenager and selling his first painting at the age of"
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"Jonathan Hickman Jonathan Hickman (born September 3, 1972) is an American comic book writer and artist. He is known for creating the Image Comics series \"The Nightly News, The Manhattan Projects \"and \"East of West\", as well as working on Marvel Comics' \"Fantastic Four\", \"FF\", and \"S.H.I.E.L.D.\" titles. In 2012, Hickman ended his run on the Fantastic Four titles to write \"The Avengers\" and \"The New Avengers\", as part the \"Marvel NOW!\" relaunch. In 2013, Hickman wrote a six-part miniseries, \"Infinity\", plus \"Avengers\" tie-ins for Marvel Comics. In 2015, he wrote the crossover event \"Secret Wars\". He is the creator of \"The Nightly News\", published by Image Comics, and has also worked on Marvel Comics' \"Legion of Monsters\", on the story \"N'Kantu, the Living Mummy: MustDie/EatSoul.\" He has designed covers for Virgin Comics, most significantly Andy Diggle's \"Guy Ritchie's Gamekeeper\" and Garth Ennis' \"Seven Brothers\". Hickman wrote \"The Core\" for Top Cow's \"Pilot Season\" in 2008. He has created other series for Image: \"Pax Romana\"; \"Red Mass for Mars\", with Ryan Bodenheim; \"Transhuman\", with J. M. Ringuet; and \"The Red Wing\". On February 12, 2008, Hickman began writing his \"Concentric Circles\" column for iFanboy. He collaborated with Brian Michael Bendis and editor Tom Brevoort on the \"Secret Warriors\" series which follows Nick Fury and a group of superpowered operatives as they undertake espionage operations in the wake of \"Secret Invasion\". Hickman later wrote a \"S.H.I.E.L.D.\" limited series for Marvel. He and artist Sean Chen crafted the \"Dark Reign: Fantastic Four\" limited series (May–Sept. 2009). Hickman then became the writer on the main \"Fantastic Four\" series with issue #570 (Oct. 2009) with art by Dale Eaglesham. In the storyline \"Three,\" which concluded in \"Fantastic Four\" #587 (March 2011), the Human Torch appears to die stopping a horde of monsters from the other-dimensional Negative Zone. The series ended with the following issue, #588, and relaunched in March 2011 as simply \"FF\". Hickman finished his run of \"Fantastic Four\" in 2012 and became the writer of \"The Avengers\" and \"The New Avengers\". In 2013, Hickman wrote the \"Infinity\" limited series. He wrote the \"Secret Wars\" limited series in 2015. Jonathan Hickman Jonathan Hickman (born September 3, 1972) is an American comic book writer and artist. He is known for creating the Image Comics series \"The Nightly News, The Manhattan Projects \"and \"East of West\", as well as working on Marvel Comics' \"Fantastic Four\","
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"Wishbone rig A wishbone rig is a type of rigging on sailboats. This rigging is most popular on heavy two-masted vessels. On a ketch it is called wishbone ketch and is considered a subtype of ketch rigging. A wishbone ketch rigged vessel is a vessel that is rigged as a ketch where a permanent splitting gaff is mounted between two masts. Contrary to the gaff rig (where the gaff is hoisted together with the sail) the gaff stays in the mast. The gaff is typically fixed on the first mast (the one closer to the front) and fixed via a line to the aftmost mast. These lines allow the sail to be trimmed to suit the wind. \"Va Marie\" (used in Poland) \"fishbone ketch\" (seldom and possible a variation to wishbone ketch) \"Spreizgaffelsegel\" (German) The \"wishbone\" (furcula) is a bone with a V or Y shape, similar to the gaff in the wishbone rig. Sail-plan Ketch Wishbone rig A wishbone rig is a type of rigging on sailboats. This rigging is most popular on heavy two-masted vessels. On a ketch it is called wishbone ketch and is considered a subtype of ketch rigging. A wishbone ketch rigged vessel is a"
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"Popular Unity (Ecuador) The Popular Unity Movement (UP) (in Spanish: \"Movimiento Unidad Popular\") is an Ecuadorian political movementis an Ecuadorian political movement of revolutionary left close to Marxism-Leninism to be conformed with the electoral wing of the Marxist Leninist Communist Party of Ecuador. Member of the National Agreement for Change. It arose after the CNE removed the Democratic People's Movement from its legal status after declaring the existence of poor electoral results on the part of this party, which I consider illegal its dissolution. The members of the previous party formed Unidad Popular to replace the old MPD, in which they would continue their political work. The party has a special stronghold in the province of Esmeraldas, where they currently hold the provincial government. Its ideological principles are under a revolutionary and socialist character, considering the continuation of the struggle of the Democratic People's Movement and Jaime Hurtado. They oppose individualism and the relationship between countries based on imperialism, a system opposed by internationalism among the peoples they support. They support the development of participatory democracy and the right to self-determination of peoples, supporting, like Pachakutik , the constitution of Ecuador as a plurinational and multicultural state. They also declare themselves environmentalists. Within the movement are integrated different thoughts of the revolutionary left, taking the importance of the Marxism-Leninism of PCMLE , which is why it is defined as the electoral front of this organization. The Democratic People's Movement was an organization founded by the militants of PCMLE , among them Jaime Hurtado, as well as other sectors of the left on March 17, 1978 at the premises of the Unique Trade Union of Drivers of Pichincha. The principles of this organization were summarized in its slogan: the \"conquest of a popular, patriotic, democratic and revolutionary government that resolutely applies its program and lays the foundations for the conquest of socialism\". The MPD would be opposition of all governments since its founding, from Jaime Roldós to Gustavo Noboa, being present in the organization of strikes, which led to their obtaining the qualification of \"\"tirapiedras\"\" that in English means: stone shooter. In the case of Lucio Gutiérrez they maintained their support until 3 months after their promotion to the presidency. Later they would continue in opposition to Alfredo Palacio. During the government of Rafael Correa was at the beginning in an alliance with this regime, but in 2009 the critical position of the party before the policies of Alianza País led to the break. Since then, the MPD was strongly opposed to Correa's government considering him a \"traitor of the left\" while losing political space, which caused low results that finally led to the dissolution of the MPD in the National Electoral Council. However, the party considered it as a tactic to end the political work of the organization. Popular Unity (Ecuador) The Popular Unity Movement (UP) (in Spanish: \"Movimiento Unidad Popular\") is an Ecuadorian political movementis an Ecuadorian political movement of revolutionary left close to Marxism-Leninism to be conformed with"
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"Vekkalam Vekkalam is a Revenue village in Kannur district in the Indian state of Kerala. India census, Vekkalam had a population of 6585 with 3224 males and 3361 females living there. In Vekkalam Village, People from different religions lives in harmony. Village Office situates at Nedumpoil. The new building of Village Office Constructed in 2006. In Vekkalam Village, 4 Schools are working. They are, Govt. UP School Vekkalam,Palayad, Govt.LP School Vayannur, Govt.UP School Menachody and Aided UP School Vekkalam. Christian Churches in the Village are, St.Jude's Church Kallumuthirakkunnu, Fathima Matha church Aryaparamba, St.Sebastian's Church Nedumpuramchal and Mar Gregorious Jacobite Church Varapedika. Temples in the Village are Sri.Muthapan Madappura, Eerayikkolly, Chovva Kavu Vayannur, Vairi Ghathakan Temple, Vayannur and Koottakkalam Temple, Aryaparamba. Mosque in the Village is Juma Masjid Perunthody. As the Part of General Election Duty, Election Commission of India Appointed Five Booth Level Officers in the Village, They are N.Rajan- Menachody School,Sumesh-Vayannur School,Sabu Joseph-GUPS Vekkalam, TD John Aided UP School Vekkalam Booth147 and Rajan -Aided UP School Vekkalam Booth-148. In Vekkalam Village, at Nedumpoil a 66 KV Sub Station is functioning Under KSEB.A nationalised Bank, Vijaya Bank is functioning at Nedumpuramchal.Bank of India, Perumthody. Post Offices functioning in the Village are, Nedumpoil and Vayannur. The national highway passes through Kannur town. Mangalore and Mumbai can be accessed on the northern side and Cochin and Thiruvananthapuram can be accessed on the southern side. The road to the east of Iritty connects to Mysore and Bangalore. The nearest railway station is Kannur on Mangalore-Palakkad line. There are airports at Mangalore and Calicut. Vekkalam Vekkalam is a Revenue village in Kannur district in the Indian state of Kerala. India census, Vekkalam had a population of 6585 with 3224 males and 3361 females living there. In Vekkalam Village, People from different religions lives in"
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"Malcolm Macmillan Malcolm Kenneth Macmillan (21 August 1913 – 17 November 1978) was a Scottish Labour Party politician and journalist. At the 1935 general election, he was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for the Western Isles. He was re-elected at the next seven general elections, serving as MP for 35 years before losing his seat at the 1970 general election to the Scottish National Party's Donald Stewart. In 1972, Macmillan was expelled from the Labour Party after disagreement over the selection of his replacement as Labour candidate, Andrew Wilson. Macmillan stood as a United Labour Party candidate in the February 1974 general election, but came fourth, polling only 6.8% of the vote while the SNP substantially increased their majority. Malcolm Macmillan Malcolm Kenneth Macmillan (21 August 1913 – 17 November 1978) was a Scottish Labour Party politician and journalist. At the 1935 general election, he was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for the Western Isles. He was re-elected at the next seven general elections, serving as MP for 35 years before losing his seat at the 1970 general election to the Scottish National Party's Donald Stewart. In 1972, Macmillan was expelled from the Labour Party after disagreement over"
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"Charlie Savage Charlie Savage is an author and newspaper reporter in Washington, D.C., with \"The New York Times.\" In 2007, when employed by \"The Boston Globe,\" he was a recipient of the Pulitzer Prize. He writes about national security legal policy, including presidential power, surveillance, drone strikes, torture, secrecy, leak investigations, military commissions, war powers, and the U.S. war-on-terrorism prison at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Born in Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 1975, Savage earned an undergraduate degree in English and American literature and language from Harvard College in 1998 and a Master of Studies in Law (MSL) in 2003 from Yale Law School, where he was a Knight Foundation journalism fellow. Savage is believed to have written the first mainstream media story about the Dark Side of the Rainbow, the practice of listening to Pink Floyd's album \"The Dark Side of the Moon\" while watching the film \"The Wizard of Oz\", in August 1995, while working as a college intern at \"The Journal Gazette\" in Fort Wayne. He went on in 1999 to work as a staff writer for the \"Miami Herald\", where, under the byline \"Charles Savage\", he covered local and state government and occasionally reviewed movies. He changed his byline to \"Charlie Savage\" when he moved to \"The Boston Globe\"s Washington Bureau in 2003 and kept it that way when he moved to the \"Times\" Washington Bureau in May 2008. He is married to Luiza Ch. Savage, the editorial director of events for \"Politico\" and a commentator on Canadian political news programs. He has taught a seminar at Georgetown University on national security and the Constitution. Savage won the Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting for a 2006 series of articles in the \"Globe\" about Presidential Signing Statements and their use by the Bush administration as part of a broader effort to expand executive power. Those articles also won the Gerald R. Ford Foundation Prize for Distinguished Reporting on the Presidency and the American Bar Association's Silver Gavel Award. In 2007, Savage published a book about the Bush administration's expansion of executive power entitled \"Takeover: The Return of the Imperial Presidency & the Subversion of American Democracy\". The Constitution Project awarded the book its first Award for Constitutional Commentary. It also won the New York Public Library's Helen Bernstein Book Award for Excellence in Journalism and the National Council of Teachers of English's George Orwell Award for Distinguished Contributions to Honesty and Clarity in Public Language. In 2015, Savage published a second book, an investigative history of the Obama administration's national security legal policy, called \"Power Wars: Inside Obama's Post-9/11 Presidency.\" While writing the book, he was a Woodrow Wilson Center Public Policy Fellow. Charlie Savage Charlie Savage is an author and newspaper reporter in Washington, D.C., with \"The New York Times.\" In 2007, when employed by \"The Boston Globe,\" he was a recipient of the Pulitzer Prize. He writes about national security legal policy, including presidential power, surveillance, drone strikes, torture, secrecy, leak investigations, military commissions, war powers, and"
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"The Diary (Scarface album) The Diary is the third studio album by American rapper Scarface. The album was released on October 18, 1994, by Rap-A-Lot and Noo Trybe. This album is one of the few to receive a perfect rating from both The Source Magazine and \"XXL\". The album debuted at #2 on the \"Billboard\" 200 albums chart, and was certified Platinum by the RIAA on December 5, 1994. Two singles were released from the album, \"Hand of the Dead Body\", which featured Ice Cube and Devin the Dude, peaked at 74 on the US charts, while \"I Seen a Man Die\" peaked at 37 on the US charts, becoming his first top 40 hit. Due to business reasons and for more accessibility, both track titles were changed to \"People Don't Believe\" and \"Never Seen a Man Cry\" in their single version. The song \"No Tears\" was featured in the beginning of the 1999 film \"Office Space\". The Diary (Scarface album) The Diary is the third studio album by American rapper Scarface. The album was released on October 18, 1994, by Rap-A-Lot and Noo Trybe. This album is one of the few to receive a perfect rating from both The"
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"The Steam Museum The Steam Museum & Lodge Park Walled Garden is a museum located in Straffan, County Kildare, Ireland. The Straffan Steam Museum is housed in a church which once stood by the Inchicore railway works in Dublin. It is located on the site of Lodge Park, a former \"big house\", and has an 18th century walled garden. This steam museum contains a collection of prototype model locomotives and live steam engines. Two of the locomotives were used in the late 19th century by the Great Northern Railway. The museum has a selection of steam engines used for industrial propulsion, including a huge beam engine used in the Midleton whiskey distillery, a pumping engine employed in Jameson's distillery in Dublin, and a large beam engine installed in Smithwick's brewery, Kilkenny, in 1847. The Museum is open to visitors from Wednesdays to Sundays during the summer, from 2pm to 6pm. It has a tea house offering tea and coffee, and light meals with pre-booking, and a small shop. The Steam Museum The Steam Museum & Lodge Park Walled Garden is a museum located in Straffan, County Kildare, Ireland. The Straffan Steam Museum is housed in a church which once stood"
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"Havering-atte-Bower Havering-atte-Bower is a village and outlying settlement of Greater London, England. It is located in the far north of the London Borough of Havering, on the border with Essex, and is northeast of Charing Cross. It was one of three former parishes whose area comprised the historic Royal Liberty of Havering. Havering-atte-Bower has been the location of a number of palaces and large houses including Bower House, The Round House, Pyrgo Palace and Havering Palace. The name is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as \"Haueringas\". The last syllable is the only clear difference in pronunciation as \"v\" was written as \"u\" in Middle English and Anglo-Norman orthography. It is an ancient folk name meaning \"settlement of the followers of a man called Hæfer\". The name is recorded as \"Hauering atte Bower\" in 1272. The \"atte Bower\" suffix means \"at the royal residence\" and refers to Havering Palace, which was situated here. The West London equivalent to Havering-atte-Bower is Old Windsor in Berkshire, which had a Saxon Palace that predated Windsor Castle. Edward the Confessor would have travelled to and from his palaces at both Havering-atte-Bower and Old Windsor. Both villages are situated on high ground and have great views into London. The village is steeped in royal history. Edward the Confessor was the first royal to take interest in the area. He established a hunting lodge here, which over the years would become a palace or 'bower.' It is believed, though disputed, that he may have died in the house that he had loved so much before being buried at Westminster Abbey. The surrounding areas, including the parishes of Hornchurch and Romford, formed the Royal Liberty of Havering from 1465 to 1892. Until the 17th century, royalty used the house of Havering Palace for various reasons, adding the architectural style of the day to the expanding palace. Another palace, east of the village, called Pyrgo, was purchased by Henry VIII to relieve the now ageing Havering Palace. By the 17th century, the Royal Palace of Havering was in decline, and it was eventually pulled down. Pyrgo was also demolished later, in the 18th century. Only one set of plans exists from the original Havering Palace, courtesy of a survey by Lord Burghley in 1578. Dame Tipping School in the village was founded by Dame Anne Tipping who was daughter of Thomas Chief, a governor of the Tower of London. The school opened in 1891 and is still operating today with the same main building that was used when the school was founded, although the school has had various changes and extensions through the years . Immanuel School, on the site of the old Havering Grange, at the bottom of Orange Tree Hill, is a Christian school operated by Immanuel Ministries for children ages 3 to 16. The village green still has on display its original village stocks, while on the opposite side of the road is a pond known as \"Ducking Pond\", rumoured to have been used for trials of witches. Though the name of the pond suggests such a history, hard evidence is yet to be uncovered. However, there are currently plans to construct a replica ducking stool at the site. The history of the area dates back to Saxon times and archaeological finds in and around Havering Country Park suggest a Roman villa or similar structure in the area. The village sits on one of the highest points in London, in the far north of the borough and near the M25 motorway. It is situated 344 feet (105 m) above sea level with striking views of east London, Essex and Kent. To the north is open countryside and to the south are the large suburban developments of Harold Hill and Collier Row. The village is surrounded by three large parks: the dense woodlands of Havering Country Park (site of one of only two redwood plantations in England, imported from California); Bedfords Park; and Pyrgo Park. The most notable residence in the village now is Bower House, built in 1729 by John Baynes, using some of the materials of the former Havering Palace. The area is on the route of the London Loop long-distance footpath. A village sign, funded by the East London Community Foundation and Havering-atte-Bower Conservation Society, was unveiled by Boris Johnson, the Mayor of London, on 3 September 2010. Transport is quite limited in this area, with only one main bus route, route 375. Route 575 also passes through the area, but this only has one return journey. Also see London Bus Routes and Essex Bus Routes. The nearest railway station is at Romford. There are frequent services from Romford Station to London and East Anglia. Both routes 375 and 575 can be used to reach here. Havering-atte-Bower Havering-atte-Bower is a village and"
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"Point Waterfront Point Waterfront is a harbour-side town located at the entrance to the Port of Durban. During the last 50 years the town suffered decay and was left mostly abandoned. The uShaka Marine World is located here. The Point Waterfront was the home of Mahatma Gandhi during the 1900s. Mahatma Gandhi Road (Formerly Point Road) was the site of the first public toilets in South Africa, which still function today. The South African Navy Open Day 2017 was hosted here as part of the South African Armed Forces Day Celebrations 2017 After a long wait, eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality and UEM Sunrise Group Malaysia partnered to form the Point Development Company. The plans include the development of a 55-storey tower. A number of residents objected to this, stating that the development would \"obstruct their sea-view\". However, due to the minimal number of objections, the project will go ahead. In June 2017, the developers gave three watersport clubs a notice to vacate within two months so that construction could go ahead. The new Durban Cruise Terminal will also be located here. Many private investment developments have been constructed. One significant development which has become a popular high-rise landmark here is The Spinnaker (Building). The Turning Point Apartments will be constructed here. Point Waterfront Point Waterfront is a harbour-side town located at the entrance to the Port of Durban. During the last 50 years the town suffered decay and was left mostly abandoned. The uShaka Marine World is located here. The Point Waterfront was the home of Mahatma Gandhi during the 1900s. Mahatma Gandhi Road (Formerly Point Road) was the site of the first public toilets in South Africa, which still function today. The South African Navy Open Day 2017 was hosted here as part of the South African Armed Forces Day"
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"MEFV MEFV (Mediterranean fever) is a human gene that provides instructions for making a protein called pyrin (also known as marenostrin). Pyrin is produced in certain white blood cells (neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes) that play a role in inflammation and in fighting infection. Inside these white blood cells, pyrin is found with the cytoskeleton, the structural framework that helps to define the shape, size, and movement of a cell. Pyrin's protein structure also allows it to interact with other molecules involved in fighting infection and in the inflammatory response. Although pyrin's function is not fully understood, it likely assists in keeping the inflammation process under control. Research indicates that pyrin helps regulate inflammation by interacting with the cytoskeleton. Pyrin may direct the migration of white blood cells to sites of inflammation and stop or slow the inflammatory response when it is no longer needed. The \"MEFV\" gene is located on the short (p) arm of chromosome 16 at position 13.3, from base pair 3,292,027 to 3,306,626. More than 80 \"MEFV\" mutations that cause familial Mediterranean fever have been identified. A few mutations delete small amounts of DNA from the \"MEFV\" gene, which can lead to an abnormally small protein. Most \"MEFV\" mutations, however, change one of the protein building blocks (amino acids) used to make pyrin. The most common mutation replaces the amino acid methionine with the amino acid valine at protein position 694 (written as Met694Val or M694V). Among people with familial Mediterranean fever, this particular mutation is also associated with an increased risk of developing amyloidosis, a complication in which abnormal protein deposits can lead to kidney failure. Some evidence suggests that another gene, called SAA1, can further modify the risk of developing amyloidosis among people with the M694V mutation. \"MEFV\" mutations lead to reduced amounts of pyrin or a malformed pyrin protein that cannot function properly. As a result, pyrin cannot perform its presumed role in controlling inflammation, leading to an inappropriate or prolonged inflammatory response. Fever and inflammation in the abdomen, chest, joints, or skin are signs of familial Mediterranean fever. By: Dr. Rozan Ehab Ahmed MEFV MEFV (Mediterranean fever) is a human gene that provides instructions for making a protein called pyrin (also known as marenostrin). Pyrin is produced in certain white blood cells (neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes) that play a role in inflammation and in fighting infection. Inside these white blood cells, pyrin is"
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"Manor of Bicton The Manor of Bicton is a former historic manor in the parish of Bicton in east Devon, England. In the Exchequer version of the Domesday Book of 1086, the manor of \"Bechetone\" was listed as the 1st of the 16 holdings under the heading \"Terrae Servientium Regis\" (\"Lands of the King's servants\"). It was held in-chief from the king (by service unknown) by \"Wills Porto\", that is \"William the Porter\", meaning \"gatekeeper\" (from the Latin \"porta\" a gate). In the Exon version of Domesday Book however this manor is listed with the same tenant, but under the heading \"Terra Nicolai Balistarii\" (\"Land of Nicholas the Bowman\"), thus William held not as a tenant-in-chief but as a mesne tenant from Nicholas. Nicholas also held the manors of Webbery, Greenslinch, Stoketeignhead, Rocombe, Ogwell, Holbeam, Bagtor, Ideford, Staplehill, Buckland-in-the-Moor, Aller and possibly Northleigh. It appears that the Exchequer version of Domesday Book corrected the Exon positioning to show William the Porter as a servant and tenant-in-chief of the king. In the reign of King Henry I (1100–1135) the manor of Bicton was granted by the king to John \"Janitor\", who held the manor by the feudal tenure of grand serjeanty requiring him to provide a county jail, which was an honourable position of trust. The Latin noun \"Janitor\" means \"door-keeper\", generally understood in the sense \"janitor carceris\", \"door-keeper of a jail\". Thus the tenant took his surname from his form of tenure. The prison was later transferred to a building beneath Exeter Castle in the county capital Exeter, (see Exeter Prison), but the feudal tenant of Bicton was nevertheless for many centuries required to meet part of the repair and maintenance costs of the newly sited jail. The Devon topographer John Swete (died 1821) stated that Dennis Rolle Esq. (died 1797), the proprietor of Bicton at the time of his visit, had paid the sum of £1,000 to the Treasury to be released in perpetuity from his vestigial feudal liabilities. The release was effected by an Act of Parliament in 1787, \"Public Act, 27 George III, c. 59\" summarised as: \"An Act for making and declaring the Gaol for the County of Devon, called the High Gaol, a Public and Common Gaol; and for discharging Denys Rolle and John Rolle Esquires, and their respective Heirs and Assigns, from the Office of Keeper of the said Gaol; and for improving and enlarging the same or building a new one; and also for taking down the Chapel in the Castle of Exeter; and for other Purposes therein mentioned\". John Janitor was followed by his son Roger and then Roger's sons William and John. During the reign of King Edward I (1272–1307) the manor of Bicton passed to Galfride la Balister, (\"alias\" Alabaster, Arblaster and the Latinised form \"Balistarius\", meaning \"the Bowman\", as in the case of the Domesday Book tenant Nicholas the Bowman) the husband of the daughter of the last in the male line of the Janitor family of Bicton. The canting arms of the family of Alabaster of Bicton were: \"Azure, three cross-bows bent or\". He held by the same tenure and held elsewhere by the grand-sergeanty, as suggested by his name, to \"attend the king with his cross-bow and arrows in hunting\". Raph la Balister was the tenant in 1229 and was followed by Galfride, Reginald, Galfride, Richard (died 1318) whose son was Walter. Walter la Balister left three children: Raph Sachevill (died 1395) married Joan, the heiress of Bicton. His son and heir was John Sachvill, whose grandson was the last in the male line and left daughters as his co-heiresses. One of the daughters, Johanna Sachville, married John Copleston (died 1497). Henry Copleston (born 1473), \"of Bicton\", son and heir of John Copleston (died 1497) inherited Bicton from his mother Johanna Sachville. The Coplestone family took its name from the Devon manor of Copplestone. Pole (died 1635) states that the earliest record of this family he was able to find was in a deed dated during the reign of King Edward II (1307–1327). The great antiquity of this family thus seems somewhat overstated in the traditional Devon rhyme, dismissed by Hoskins as containing \"not a word of truth\": The exact relationship of the Bicton family to the several Copleston branches of Copleston, Bowden, Instow Upton Pyne, Kingdon and Woodland is not known. Henry's son was Charles Copleston, who married Anne Reigny, the daughter and sole-heiress of Richard Reigny of Eggesford. The family thenceforth made their seat at Eggesford and Charles sold the manor of Bicton to Sir Robert Denys (1525–1592) of Holcombe Burnell Bicton was purchased from the Copplestones by Sir Robert Denys (1525–1592), MP, who built a mansion house near the site of the present Orangery, now within the Bicton Botanical Gardens. He was the son of Sir Thomas Denys (died 1561) of Holcombe Burnell, Sheriff Of Devon, Privy Councillor and Chancellor to Anne of Cleves. He received a royal licence to empark, and stocked his new park with deer. He added formal gardens with slopes, terraces and parallelogram ponds. His son Sir Thomas Denys (1559–1613) married Anne Paulet, daughter of William Paulet, 3rd Marquis of Winchester and had issue two daughters, co-heiresses. The eldest was Anne Denys, who by her marriage to Sir Henry Rolle (died 1616) of Stevenstone, brought Bicton to the Rolle family. The younger daughter Margaret Denys (died 1649) married Sir Arthur Mainwaring of Ightfield, Shropshire, carver to Prince Henry, eldest son of King James I. Dennis I Rolle (1614–1638)]] was the son and heir of Sir Henry Rolle and Anne Denys, and was buried at Bicton. His elaborate tomb monument with heraldic achievement is contained within the Rolle Mausoleum, the remnant of the former Parish Church of Bicton to the immediate east of which stands the new church of St Mary built in 1850. The Mausoleum is the private property of Lord Clinton and is not open to the public. The inscription on his monument is as follows: The remains of Dennis Rolle Esq. His earthly part within this tombe doth reste Who kept a court of honour in his breast Birth, beauty, wit and wisdom sat as Peeres Till Death mistook his virtues for his yeares Or else Heaven envy'd Earth so rich a treasure Wherein too fine the ware too scant the measure His mournefull wife her love to shew in part This tombe built here a better in her heart Sweet babe his hopful heyre (Heav'n grant this boon) Live but so well but oh! dye not so soon. \"Obiit anno D(omi)ni 1638 Aetatis 24 Reliquit filium unum aes quinque\" (\"He died in the year of Our Lord 1638 of his age 24. He left one son, age 5\") His widow's wish was not met and the couple's son Dennis died soon after his father, leaving only daughters who were excluded from the inheritance by entail. The manor of Bicton, together with all the other Rolle estates including Stevenstone then passed to Henry Rolle (1605–47) of Beam, near Torrington, the elder son of John Rolle (1563-post 1628), MP, the uncle of Sir Henry Rolle (died 1617). He himself died without children and the Rolle estates, now increased by the addition of Beam, devolved following his death in 1647 upon his closest male cousin, 21-year-old Sir John Rolle (1626–1706), MP, of Marrais in the parish of St Mary Week, Cornwall. He was immediately thereupon married to his young cousin Florence Rolle of Bicton, one of the surviving daughters of Denys Rolle. Thus his claim to the Inheritance of Rolle of Stevenstone and Bicton was strengthened and consolidated. The estates stayed in the hands of his descendants until the death of his great-great-grandson John Rolle, 1st Baron Rolle (1750–1842), who as a young man lived at nearby Tidwell House, East Budleigh, and who died at Bicton House aged 86. His elaborate monument designed by Pugin exists in the Rolle Mausoleum next to the Victorian parish church. In 1822 at the age of 66 the childless Baron Rolle married, as his second wife, his very distant cousin the 28-year-old Louisa Trefusis (died 1885). Whilst",
"MP, of Marrais in the parish of St Mary Week, Cornwall. He was immediately thereupon married to his young cousin Florence Rolle of Bicton, one of the surviving daughters of Denys Rolle. Thus his claim to the Inheritance of Rolle of Stevenstone and Bicton was strengthened and consolidated. The estates stayed in the hands of his descendants until the death of his great-great-grandson John Rolle, 1st Baron Rolle (1750–1842), who as a young man lived at nearby Tidwell House, East Budleigh, and who died at Bicton House aged 86. His elaborate monument designed by Pugin exists in the Rolle Mausoleum next to the Victorian parish church. In 1822 at the age of 66 the childless Baron Rolle married, as his second wife, his very distant cousin the 28-year-old Louisa Trefusis (died 1885). Whilst Rolle himself was descended from George Rolle (died 1573), the second son of the founder of the family, George Rolle of Stevenstone (died 1552), MP for Barnstaple, Louisa was descended from his 4th son Henry Rolle, who had married Margaret Yeo, the heiress of Heanton Satchville, Petrockstowe, Devon. Henry Rolle's great-grandson Robert Rolle (died 1660), MP, of Heanton Satchville, had married Lady Arabella Clinton, one of the two co-heiresses of their nephew Edward Clinton, 13th Baron Clinton and 5th Earl of Lincoln. On the extinction of the senior line of the Rolle-Clinton union on the death of George Walpole (died 1791), 16th Baron Clinton, their heir became the descendants of their daughter Bridget Rolle (1648–1721) who had married in 1672 Francis Trefusis of the manor of Trefusis in Cornwall. Louisa Trefusis, the second wife of Baron Rolle, was 5th in descent from Francis Trefusis and Bridget Rolle, being the daughter of Robert George William Trefusis (1764–1797), 17th Baron Clinton, of Trefusis, Cornwall. A marble bust of Louisa exists in the Orangery at Bicton. Louisa and Rolle shared a love of gardening and created the grand landscaped garden at Bicton, now open to the public as Bicton Park Botanical Gardens. An American traveller Elihu Burritt visited Bicton in 1864 and described her hostess in terms of great praise: Rolle's second marriage also produced no children, and at his death in 1842 Rolle decided to appoint as his heir Louisa's younger nephew, the six-year-old Hon. Mark George Kerr Trefusis (1836–1907), the younger brother of Charles Trefusis (1834–1904) 20th Baron Clinton. Whether his marriage to Louise had been by chance or design, in fact the Trefusis Barons Clinton would have had an excellent claim to be his closest kin and legal heirs. Thus Rolle had followed his family's ancient practice of keeping the estates \"in the family\". His will required his young heir to change his name to Rolle, which he duly performed, and to adopt the Rolle arms in lieu of those of Trefusis. However, his design to revive the Rolle family was ultimately unsuccessful as Mark Rolle produced only two daughters and no son, and the Rolle inheritance passed to his male heir, his nephew, Charles John Robert Trefusis (1863–1957), 21st Baron Clinton. The mansion house was sold by Lord Clinton to Devon County Council and is now Bicton College of Agriculture. The Botanical Gardens were restored by Lord Clinton to their pre-war splendour and opened to the public in 1963. In 1986 he gave them to a charitable trust which sold the gardens to Simon and Valerie Lister, a Devon couple from a farming background who have turned it into a commercial visitor attraction named Bicton Park Botanical Gardens, claimed to be \"Devon's most magnificent historic gardens\". However, as for the rest of the land comprising the former manor of Bicton, this remains in the ownership of Clinton Devon Estates, owned by Baron Clinton. Part is operated as an equestrian venue known as Bicton Arena (). Manor of Bicton The Manor of Bicton is a former historic manor in the parish of Bicton in east Devon, England. In the Exchequer version of the Domesday Book of 1086, the manor of \"Bechetone\" was listed as the 1st of the 16 holdings under the heading \"Terrae Servientium Regis\" (\"Lands"
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"Rapid radiative transfer model The Rapid Radiative Transfer Model (RRTM) is a validated, correlated k-distribution band model for the calculation of solar and thermal-infrared atmospheric radiative fluxes and heating rates. The Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for GCMs (RRTM-G) is an accelerated version of RRTM that provides improved efficiency with minimal loss of accuracy for application to general circulation models. The latter divides the solar spectrum into 14 bands within which a total of 112 pseudo-monochromatic calculations are performed, and in the thermal infrared 16 bands are used within which 140 pseudo-monochromatic calculations are performed. RRTM-G is used in a number of general circulation models worldwide, such as that of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Rapid radiative transfer model The Rapid Radiative Transfer Model (RRTM) is a validated, correlated k-distribution band model for the calculation of solar and thermal-infrared atmospheric radiative fluxes and heating rates. The Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for GCMs (RRTM-G) is an accelerated version of RRTM that provides improved efficiency with minimal loss of accuracy for application to general circulation models. The latter divides the solar spectrum into 14 bands within which a total of 112 pseudo-monochromatic calculations are performed, and in the thermal infrared 16"
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"Diamond Aircraft Industries Diamond Aircraft Industries is a Chinese-owned manufacturer of general aviation aircraft and motor gliders, based in Austria. It is the third largest manufacturer of aircraft for the general aviation sector, and had a global presence; possessing its own manufacturing facilities in Wiener Neustadt, Lower Austria and in London, Ontario, Canada, as well as further production lines operated as joint ventures in other nations, such as China. The company was established by Austrian aircraft designer Wolf Hoffmann in 1981, at which point it was known as \"Hoffmann Flugzeugbau\". The firm quickly set about establishing production of its initial aircraft, a motor glider initially known as the HK36 Dimona. This aircraft proved to be a commercial success, leading to improved models and further types of aircraft being derived from it. Following several changes in ownership and naming, the company received the name \"Diamond Aircraft Industries\" in 1998. By this point, Diamond was producing a range of light aircraft, including the Dimona, the Diamond DA20, and the in-development Diamond DA40. In 2004, Diamond introduced its first multi-engined aircraft, the Diamond DA42 Twin Star. The Twin Star would be popular with both a civil and government operators; demand from the latter led to the development of the Aeronautics Defense Dominator, a medium-altitude long-endurance (MALE) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) used for aerial surveillance duties. For several years, the company was engaged in the development of a single-engined very light jet aircraft, known as the Diamond D-Jet, intended for both private and military customers alike. However, as a consequence of the Great Recession, funding became scarce and work on the D-Jet's development was eventually terminated during early 2013. Diamond was acquired by the Chinese company Wanfeng Aviation in December 2017. In 1981, a new company, Hoffmann Flugzeugbau, was founded by aircraft designer Wolf Hoffmann in Friesach, Carinthia, Austria; it was formed with the ambition of becoming a major aircraft manufacturer for general aviation purposes. According to Michael Feinig, a future managing director of the company, the firm's leadership had recognised that there was a market for a range of modern light aircraft, and that the general aviation sector had been then dominated by mostly old designs from established manufacturers. By taking advantage of innovations in avionics and manufacturing technologies, the market could be disrupted by a capable competitor. Hoffmann Flugzeugbau quickly set about the development of a suitable aircraft to launch its product range with. Accordingly, during the early 1980s, the company launched production of a two-seat all-composite motor glider, initially known as the H36 Dimona. The H36 demonstrated the company's ambition to raise both the quality and performance of such aircraft while making them available at competitive prices. The type was relatively successful, becoming the biggest-selling motor glider in Europe and, by 2004, four separate versions of the Dimona - which were marketed as the HK36 Super Dimona or Xtreme - were available for purchase. In 1985, the company was renamed \"Hoffman Aircraft Limited\" and became a subsidiary of Simmering-Graz-Pauker AG, which resulted in the company's headquarters being relocated to Vienna. During 1987, the company reestablished its main production facility in Wiener Neustadt, Lower Austria. During the late 1980s, amid the various corporate changes in both identity and ownership, the company's management had proceeded with its work towards the goal of rapidly expanding Hoffman's product range. In line with this mission statement, it had been decided to develop a new two-seat aircraft, the HK36R, which used the H36 Dimona as a basis. This would result in the production of the DV20 Katana, a Rotax 912-powered motor glider, which was the company's first production general aviation aircraft. During 1991, Hoffman's parent company was renamed \"HOAC AG\" and was purchased by the Dries Family. In 1992, as a measure to establish a strong foothold with the competitive North American market, Hoffman decided to launch a second manufacturing facility located in London, Ontario, Canada. By this point, the company considered itself to be secure in its dominance of the European market, and sought to be embraced by American operators as well. Prior to 1996, the Canadian branch operated under the name \"Dimona Aircraft\", this was changed to Diamond Aircraft in 1996, while the parent company remained as HOAC at this time. In 1993, the Austrian-built DV20 Katana received certification, clearing the type for its entry to service. According to aerospace publication Flight International, the DV20 \"confirmed Diamond as a serious contender for the light aircraft crown\". An improved model of the DV20, designated as the DA20, was developed for North America and was manufactured in Canada; the first Canadian-built DA20 was delivered in 1995. It received the \"Flight\" magazine's Eagle Award for best light aircraft in the same year. During 1997, the delivery of the 500th DV20 occurred; it was also in this year that the introduction of the DA20-C1 took place, which had improved performance and load capabilities. The DA20-C1 Eclipse (an improved version of the DA20-C1) also entered production. In 1998, the parent company was renamed \"Diamond Aircraft GmbH\" to better align with the naming convention of the North American operation. The company also purchased the Wiener Neustadt East Airport in that same year. The firm continued to work on multiple new aircraft types in order to further grow its product line; these were developed in line with a company-wide philosophy of seeking to offer aircraft that lacked any equivalent in terms of performance to any existing major product being produced from any of its competing manufacturers; this was an measure to consciously avoid instances of direct head-to-head competition. In 1997, the Diamond DA40 a four-place IFR aircraft, received certification; it was followed by the twin diesel engine DA42 in 2004. According to Flight International, the DA40 was capable of outperforming many similar aircraft which at that time had carried substantially greater purchase costs than the DA40 outfitted with a basic configuration. When launched in 2001, the DA40TDI would be the production aircraft powered by a single diesel-based piston engine. In 2002, a new programme to develop an aircraft equipped with twin diesel engines, the Diamond DA42 Twin Star, was launched. During May 2004, the DA42 received certification. Even prior to its introduction to service, a heavy order book for the DA42 had already been accumulated, and plans had been mooted for the development of a dedicated unmanned air vehicle (UAV) platform based upon the type. This would be introduced as the Aeronautics Defense Dominator, a medium-altitude long-endurance (MALE) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) which was used for aerial surveillance duties. In 2003, Diamond announced the launch of its light jet program, known as the Diamond D-Jet. This five-seat single engine jet aircraft was marketed towards the emergent very light jet market, and was considered to be a major diversification for the company. Nonetheless, Feinig was confident on the prospective demand for the type, forecasting that around 15 per cent of demand for the D-Jet would come from existing Diamond customers. Development of the D-Jet, unlike the majority of the company's programs, would be protracted as a result of numerous factors, of both a technical and fiscal nature. Speaking in 2004, Feinig stated of the company's ambition \"Our vision is to be number one manufacturer of propeller-driven single and twins... and we aim to hold that position within five years\". During 2001, aircraft deliveries totalled 176; during 2003, deliveries had risen to 263. In 2004, deliveries were forecast to climb as high as",
"towards the emergent very light jet market, and was considered to be a major diversification for the company. Nonetheless, Feinig was confident on the prospective demand for the type, forecasting that around 15 per cent of demand for the D-Jet would come from existing Diamond customers. Development of the D-Jet, unlike the majority of the company's programs, would be protracted as a result of numerous factors, of both a technical and fiscal nature. Speaking in 2004, Feinig stated of the company's ambition \"Our vision is to be number one manufacturer of propeller-driven single and twins... and we aim to hold that position within five years\". During 2001, aircraft deliveries totalled 176; during 2003, deliveries had risen to 263. In 2004, deliveries were forecast to climb as high as 850 aircraft per year in 2008. In 2005, the company announced the establishment of a joint venture that sought to produce the DA-40 light aircraft in China. In 2004, the company opened its new composites facility in Austria; it housed production of wings and fuselages for the DA42 and the in-development D-Jet, and supported Diamond's ambitions to boost annual production capacity to 600 aircraft, around half of which will be shipped to Canada for final assembly. Also during 2004, a new supply-orientated subsidiary, named Diamond Aircraft Croatia, was established to perform the manufacture of labour-intensive composite parts in a new purpose-built factory in Varazdin, Croatia. In December 2008, the company informed employees by mail that, as a consequence of the economic situation, they would be laying off 100 workers from the company's Austrian facility in Wiener Neustadt. At that time, the facility employed 700 of the company's 2,100 worldwide workforce. The wider market for general aircraft had plummeted as an impact of the Great Recession; the gradual recovery from this event would take many years and would not be without consequence on several of Diamond's existing production lines and development programmes. In March 2011, the president and CEO of Diamond Aircraft Canada, Peter Maurer, indicated that his company's future was in doubt and relied on getting the D-Jet to market, as piston sales remained slow since the start of the Great Recession in 2007. To get the D-Jet into production the company found $20M in private investment, plus the commitment of an additional $35M from the Government of Ontario. The Ontario government investment was contingent on Diamond also securing an additional $35M from the Government of Canada. If both federal and provincial loans were provided then, combined with funds already provided, the total provincial and federal government investment would have been $100M. Maurer indicated \"If we don’t get the funding from the federal government, it puts us in a difficult situation. If the D-JET, for example, in a case scenario, were not to continue it would have a negative impact on the rest of the company’s operations. [The debts are] at a level that would be very difficult to satisfy out of piston sales,\" he said. \"I’ll let you do the extrapolation.\" By the end of March 2011, with a federal election in full swing and no sign of the requested federal government loans coming, the company laid-off 213 London-based employees, mostly on the D-Jet program. Company CEO Peter Maurer stated, \"We are hopeful that the government will give this matter urgent attention and provide the requested assistance\". During April, Diamond indicated that it needed C$8M from the federal government over the next four months as an interim measure. Local Conservative Party of Canada Member of Parliament Ed Holder stated that Diamond owner Christian Dries had told him that he would close the London plant and announce the closure just before the federal election if support was not forthcoming. Dries issued a denial of the conversation, but Holder insisted that was correct and suggested that Diamond look to the province or the city for the money instead. Following the 2 May 2011 federal election, which returned a majority Conservative government, Industry Minister Tony Clement announced that the government had rejected Diamond's loan request. Clement stated \"We are stewards of taxpayers dollars and we have risked, quite rightly, $20 million in taxpayer dollars to date, and it is not judicious to up that by another $35 million. We hope the company Diamond continues to be part of the scene in London. We do not wish for its demise.\" Maurer indicated that the company was still working on private investment options but that would take more time and that in the meantime they were continuing to lose their laid-off staff. He also stated \"We have been very clear that without this loan, the D-Jet program is at risk here in London. Diamond’s future is at risk here.\" Maurer indicated that when upcoming loan repayments are due that the company cannot meet those obligations out of propeller aircraft sales and without an infusion of capital cannot get the D-Jet to market. On 13 November 2011, Diamond announced that a majority share of Diamond Aircraft Holdings, Canada, the Canadian operating arm of the company, had been sold to Medrar Financial Group, an investment company based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates for an undisclosed amount. The move was intended to provide continued production of the company's piston-engine line and also allow development of the D-Jet project to continue. The announcement of the investment, along with gradually improving economic conditions, seemed to increase customer confidence as the company registered a 33% increase in sales in 2011 over the previous year. Diamond delivered 185 aircraft in 2011, compared to 139 in 2010. However, the sale to Medrar was never completed as a result of the firm failed to come up with the agreed money. Diamond continued operations, using funding from its own shareholders. In late February 2013, having not located further operational funding, the company laid off the majority of its Canadian staff and ceased work on the D-Jet program, indicating that the company needed to reorganize. Staff working on filling aircraft orders and parts support were retained. By mid-2014, some staff had returned to work. In March 2012, company CEO Christian Dries indicated that the market focus of the company had been changed by the recession of 2008-10 and that the company was deriving two-thirds of its revenue from military and government contracts, primarily for manned and unmanned surveillance versions of its DA42. In April 2012, the company announced the Diamond Hero, an autonomous operation helicopter unmanned aerial vehicle. On 13 December 2016 Diamond sold a 60% share of its Diamond Aircraft Canada operation to the Wanfeng Aviation, part of the Wanfeng Auto Holding Group, a Chinese conglomerate. Diamond Aircraft characterized the sale as a \"strategic reinvestment\" and indicated that the move would allow a re-assessment of the suspended D-Jet program. At the April 2017 AERO Friedrichshafen show, along with diesel variants of the DA50, the composite Diamond DART 280 light-single piston-engined helicopter concept was launched. It will compete with the Robinson R44 with a MTOW and a 280shp (208 kW) four-stroke jet-fuel engine. A first flight is scheduled for the autumn of 2018, with certification forecast for a year later. Diamond was acquired by the Chinese company Wanfeng Aviation in December 2017. At the December 2018 MEBAA, the Saudi Arabian National Company of Aviation-CAE Inc. Training Centre in Dammam ordered 60 single-engine DA40 NG and twin-engine DA42-VI, to be delivered over five years, with Garmin G1000 NXi glass panels and diesel engines. Diamond is testing automatic landing procedures, and is developing a hybrid electric quad-tiltrotor prototype using technology tested in their E-Star. Diamond Aircraft Industries Diamond Aircraft Industries is a Chinese-owned manufacturer of general aviation aircraft and motor gliders, based in",
"R44 with a MTOW and a 280shp (208 kW) four-stroke jet-fuel engine. A first flight is scheduled for the autumn of 2018, with certification forecast for a year later. Diamond was acquired by the Chinese company Wanfeng Aviation in December 2017. At the December 2018 MEBAA, the Saudi Arabian National Company of Aviation-CAE Inc. Training Centre in Dammam ordered 60 single-engine DA40 NG and twin-engine DA42-VI, to be delivered over five years, with Garmin G1000 NXi glass panels and diesel engines. Diamond is testing automatic landing procedures, and is developing a hybrid electric quad-tiltrotor prototype using technology tested in their E-Star. Diamond Aircraft Industries Diamond Aircraft Industries is a Chinese-owned manufacturer of general aviation aircraft and motor gliders, based in Austria. It is the third largest manufacturer of aircraft for the general aviation sector, and"
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"Billy Taylor House The Billy Taylor House is a grassroots non-profit organization founded by residents of Providence, Rhode Island's East Side who desire to promote youth engagement for the well-being of the community as a whole. The organization has its origins in the mentorship of the late William “Billy” Taylor. Noticing the need for youth engagement in the neighborhood, ages 14–21, this group has come together in order to acquire the abandoned property that Billy used to live in, 185 Camp Street, and turn it into programming that supports youth in the pursuit of their dreams. The mission of the Billy Taylor House is \"to ignite the ambition of Providence’s most disconnected young people. We accomplish it by providing regular enrichment activities and a workforce development program that afford youth the opportunity to trade crime, violence, and poverty for social cohesion and economic vitality.\" William A. Taylor was born on May 27, 1956 in Providence, Rhode Island, the eighth child of sixteen. Taylor was born with a heart condition that led to open-heart surgery at the age of two. Taylor attended Rhode Island College where he was once President, Vice President, and then, in 1979, Treasurer of the Student Harambee group. While Treasurer, Taylor served as the Mount Hope Neighborhood Association’s Director of the Youth Department. In this role, Taylor was an advocate for services and aide to the Mount Hope community youth. After graduating from Rhode Island College in 1977, Taylor became more active in the Mount Hope community (Rochambeau Avenue to Olney Street between North Main and Camp Street). He formed a group with Pleasant Street residents called “Pleasant Street Peasants” (PSP). The PSP’s main goal was \"to show the Mount Hope youth that there was another world outside of the 12 blocks that most of the youth would never see beyond as youths.\" The PSP \"eventually purchased a used bus to shuttle Mount Hope youth to movies, parties, parks, museums, talent shows, camping trips, beach trips, and other places the youth wouldn’t normally have access to.\" On Saturday, May 10, 1986, at the age of 29, Taylor passed. In memory of Taylor's community service and building, the park on 124 Camp Street in Providence was named the Billy Taylor Park in his honor. Billy Taylor House The Billy Taylor House is a grassroots non-profit organization founded by residents of Providence, Rhode Island's East Side who desire to"
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"Anti-pattern An anti-pattern is a common response to a recurring problem that is usually ineffective and risks being highly counterproductive. The term, coined in 1995 by Andrew Koenig, was inspired by a book, \"Design Patterns\", which highlights a number of design patterns in software development that its authors considered to be highly reliable and effective. The term was popularized three years later by the book \"AntiPatterns\", which extended its use beyond the field of software design to refer informally to any commonly reinvented but bad solution to a problem. Examples include analysis paralysis, cargo cult programming, death march, groupthink and vendor lock-in. According to the authors of \"Design Patterns\", there must be at least two key elements present to formally distinguish an actual anti-pattern from a simple bad habit, bad practice, or bad idea: Anti-pattern An anti-pattern is a common response to a recurring problem that is usually ineffective and risks being highly counterproductive. The term, coined in 1995 by Andrew Koenig, was inspired by a book, \"Design Patterns\", which highlights a number of design patterns in software development that its authors considered to be highly reliable and effective. The term was popularized three years later by the book \"AntiPatterns\","
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"The Transition (EP) The Transition is an EP by Say No More, released on January 30, 2006. The CD was, like their debut album \"Stranger in Dreams\" (2004), self-funded and produced by the band. It was issued in a cardboard sleeve, available only at Say No More concerts and at selected online retailers (such as CD Baby and Smartpunk). The song \"Perfect Timing\" pays homage to Dashboard Confessional and their song \"As Lovers Go\". While the second verse contains the lines \"\"Perfect timing/Chris keep singing\"\" (in reference to Dashboard Confessional's singer Chris Carrabba), the chorus and bridge include \"\"And I tried to take it slow/But your stereo tells me 'this is easy as lovers go'\"\" and \"\"'I'll be true, I'll be useful'/All yours 'til the end/Play it from the start\"\" (both quoting excerpts from \"As Lovers Go\"). The Transition (EP) The Transition is an EP by Say No More, released on January 30, 2006. The CD was, like their debut album \"Stranger in Dreams\" (2004), self-funded and produced by the band. It was issued in a cardboard sleeve, available only at Say No More concerts and at selected online retailers (such as CD Baby and Smartpunk). The song \"Perfect Timing\""
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"Bachra Bachra is a census town in Tandwa Block of Chatra district in the state of Jharkhand, India. Bachra is a colliery township located at . As per 2011 Census of India Bachra had a population of 12,969, of which 7,169 were males and 5,800 were females. Scheduled Castes numbered 1,519 and Scheduled Tribes numbered 826. As per 2011 census the total number of literates in Bachra was 9,718 out of which 5,887 were males and 3,831 were females. The North Karanpura Coalfield is spread across parts of Ranchi, Hazaribagh, Chatra and Latehar districts of Jharkhand covering an area of 1,230 km. This coalfield in the upper reaches of the Damodar Valley, has reserves of around 14 billion tonnes of coal, very little of which has been exploited. Karkatta, KD Hesalong, Manki, Churi, Bachara UG, Bachara OC, and Dakara are long established collieries south of the Damodar. North of the Damodar lies comparatively new major mines such as Piparwar Mine and Ashoka Project. 23 mines are planned in the northern sector (near Bachra). Those in an advanced stage of planning are: Dhadu, Purnadih, Magadh, and Amrapali.This happens to be the largest mining sector of Central Coalfields Limited. Projects in the Piparwar area of Central Coalfields Limited (as in 2015) were: Piparwar open cast, Ray-Bachra underground, Ashoka open cast, Piparwar coal handling plant and Piparwar coal preparation plant. Bachra is served by Ray railway station, about 25 km from Barkakana railway station on the Sonnagar-Barkakana loop line. Bachra Bachra is a census town in Tandwa Block of Chatra district in the state of Jharkhand, India. Bachra is a colliery township located at . As per 2011 Census of India Bachra had a population of 12,969, of which 7,169 were males and 5,800 were females. Scheduled Castes numbered 1,519 and Scheduled Tribes"
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"Georgia Bank & Trust Georgia Bank & Trust Company was a bank based in Augusta, Georgia. It was a subsidiary of Southeastern Bank Financial Corporation, a bank holding company. It was the largest bank headquartered in Augusta, Georgia and was second in market share in the city. In 2017, the company was acquired by South State Corporation. The bank was founded on August 28, 1989. In 1997, R. Daniel Blanton was named chief executive officer of the bank. In 2002, the bank reached $500 million in assets. In 2006, the bank reached $1 billion in assets. In October 2016, Jay B. Forrester was named president of the company. In 2017, the company was acquired by South State Corporation. Georgia Bank & Trust Georgia Bank & Trust Company was a bank based in Augusta, Georgia. It was a subsidiary of Southeastern Bank Financial Corporation, a bank holding company. It was the largest bank headquartered in Augusta, Georgia and was second in market share in the city. In 2017, the company was acquired by South State Corporation. The bank was founded on August 28, 1989. In 1997, R. Daniel Blanton was named chief executive officer of the bank. In 2002, the bank"
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"Luella Weresub Luella Kayla Weresub, Ph.D. (19181979) was a world authority on the botanical nomenclature of fungi, especially corticioid fungi and sclerotium-producing Basidiomycetes. She was a mycologist at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, with Canada’s federal department of agriculture (now Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada). Her influence on Canadian mycology and her concern with public education are recognized in the Canadian Botanical Association’s annual Luella K. Weresub lecture in Mycology and the Weresub Prize awarded for the best student paper published by a Canadian student in mycology. Weresub was a scholar, rights defender and survivor. She was born in Zolotonosha, Russia (now part of Ukraine), at the end of World War I (during the Russian Revolution) to Jewish parents, Marcus (Mendel) Weresub and Clara (née Rabinovitch) Weresub. They emigrated to Canada in 1923 during a period of increasing antisemitism following the Ukrainian War of Independence. Luella was originally transcribed as \"Louella\" and \"Kayla\" as \"Keila\", and friends occasionally wrote \"Dear Lou\" or \"Lu\". She attended a two-room school with her older sister, Matilda, in Regina at age 5, refusing to be separated from her sister, and later attending school in Winnipeg. At age 16 she won a scholarship for studies in Latin and another national scholarship to Queen's University, but had to defer her studies due to her sister’s appendicitis that occurred in transit in 1935 in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. She attended Queen's University in 1936–37, but her studies were further delayed by family financial issues (during the 1930s Great Depression). She worked at her father's store in Arntfield, Quebec (1937–38), that eventually went bankrupt. She returned to Sault Ste. Marie to work at radio station CJIC (1940–41) and then radio station CHML (1941–47) in Hamilton, Ontario. One of her programs, \"Sewing School of the Air\", which promoted sewing to save money during the Second World War, was advertised in 1942 in \"Broadcasting, The Weekly Magazine of Radio\" under the name \"Louella Weresub\". She re-entered Queen’s University in 1947 and earned her B.A. in Biology in 1950. During the summer of 1950 she worked for the Defense Research Board (National Research Council) in Kingston, Ontario, as arranged by Prof. Herbert S. Jackson, a mycologist and head of the Botany Department at the University of Toronto. Her research on corticioid fungi began under mentorship by Jackson at the University of Toronto, but he died suddenly in December 1951. She finished her M.A. with Prof. Roy F. Cain in 1952. Further employment with the Government of Canada in 1952 was derailed and then deferred by the political climate of the day in North America, now termed McCarthyism. Consequently, she became a lecturer at the Department of Botany of the University of Manitoba for three years, and was greatly supported and assisted by Prof. D. L. Bailey of the University of Toronto and Dr. J. Walton Groves with the mycology unit in Ottawa who wished to employ her in 1952. She returned to the University of Toronto in 1955 and completed her Ph.D in 2 years (1957), evidently accumulating credit for research while at the University of Manitoba. She finally joined the mycology unit of the Department of Agriculture in Ottawa on May 21, 1957. She was employed there until her death in 1979 from complications of pneumonia following an operation for lung cancer. She is buried in the Jewish Memorial Cemetery in Osgoode, Ontario. Her list of formal research papers is relatively modest but influential. Both her MA and PhD theses were on the corticioid genus \"Peniophora\" sect. \"Tubuliferae\" (now \"Tubulicrinis\"), as were her early publications. She went on to develop expertise on other corticioid fungi. Well ahead of modern phylogenetic analyses, she and Bryce Kendrick published an exploratory paper on numerical taxonomy, \"Attempting Neo-Adansonian computer taxonomy at the ordinal level in Basidiomycetes\", in 1966. Her studies on corticioid fungi led her to investigated sclerotium-producing Basidiomycetes, first among the corticioid fungi and then among other groups such as \"Typhula\". She whimiscally and imaginatively named the fungus genus \"Minimedusa\" because of its \"medusoid\" (like the mythical decapitated Medusa’s head) tangled hyphae forming the bulbil. Her last two publications were printed posthumously, one on the apple rot fungus \"Corticium centrifugum\" and the other on nomenclature with John McNeill, who had learned his nomenclature along with her and would become senior editor of the \"International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants\". Notably, much of her time went into uncompromising reviews of manuscripts and theses. She picked her way through botanical nomenclature and spent countless hours helping others with nomenclatural problems. Luella worked to make the \"International Botanical Code of Nomenclature\" (now the \"International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants\") more easily understood, less equivocal, more comprehensive, and hence more useful. As a world authority on botanical nomenclature, especially as it applies to fungi, she was an active member of the Nomenclature Committee of the Mycological Society of America, of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy's Nomenclature Committee for Fungi and Lichens, and of the International Mycological Association's Nomenclature Secretariat. She was the chair of the Subcommittee on Article 59—on naming of pleomorphic fungi—and contributed substantially to international discussion on starting point dates for fungi and on palaeomycological nomenclature. Among other accomplishments, she helped coin the terms \"anamorph\" and \"teleomorph\". Weresub was a very active member of the Canadian Botanical Association/Association Botanical du Canada, serving as a Director from 1971 to 1973. The Canadian Botanical Association/Association Botanical du Canada has established an award in her honour. The University of Toronto Department of Botany also established the L.W. Weresub Memorial Fund. The fungal genus \"Luellia\" K. H. Larsson & Hjortstam was named in 1974 in honor of her contributions to the study of corticioid Basidiomycetes, and posthumously the fungal species \"Harknessia weresubiae\" Nag Raj, DiCosmo & W.B. Kendr. (1981) and \"Scutellospora weresubiae\" Koske & C. Walker (1986) were named after her as tributes by her colleagues. Extensive obituaries were published by the Mycological Society of America and the Canadian Botanical Society, and notice was posted in \"Taxon\" by the International Association of Plant Taxonomists. More recently, in 2013–2014 her contributions as a Ukrainian Canadian led to publications on her life in the Ukrainian language in both Canada and Ukraine. Luella Weresub Luella Kayla Weresub, Ph.D. (19181979) was a world authority on the botanical nomenclature of fungi, especially corticioid fungi and sclerotium-producing Basidiomycetes. She was a mycologist at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, with Canada’s federal department of agriculture (now Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada). Her influence on Canadian mycology and her concern with public education are recognized in the Canadian Botanical Association’s annual Luella"
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"Guitar Zero Guitar Zero: The New Musician and the Science of Learning is a 2012 popular science book by research psychologist Gary Marcus. It documents the author's process of learning the guitar while discussing aspects of music cognition and the role of critical periods in learning a musical ability. The book was released on January 19, 2012 and published by Penguin Books, and in December 2012 was released as a paperback under the title Guitar Zero: The Science of Becoming Musical at Any Age. The book reached 24th on the New York Times Best Seller list for hardcover nonfiction during the week of February 19, 2012. Maria Popova on Brainpickings.org named the book among \"The Best Music Books of 2012.\" In a review for \"The Wall Street Journal\", Norman Doidge wrote \"\"Guitar Zero\" is a refreshing alternation between the nitty-gritty details of learning rock-guitar licks and Mr. Marcus's survey of the relevant scientific literature on learning and the brain.\" Guitar Zero Guitar Zero: The New Musician and the Science of Learning is a 2012 popular science book by research psychologist Gary Marcus. It documents the author's process of learning the guitar while discussing aspects of music cognition and the role"
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"Orbit Homes Orbit Homes is a family owned home builder in Australia. The company has been operating since 1978. Orbit Homes operates in Victoria and Queensland with offices in Melbourne and Brisbane. The builder offers single-storey, double-storey and cottages homes. The company also offers house and land packages. In Victoria, Orbit Homes has display houses in: Eynesbury, Point Cook, Tarneit, Craigieburn, Doreen, Epping, Mernda and Cranbourne. In Queensland, display villages are in: Caboolture, North Lakes, Griffin, Warner, Mountain Creek, Springfield Lakes, Upper Coomera, and Waterford. Orbit Homes offers house designs specific to each state it operates in, as well as some common to both states. Orbit Homes won a contract from Defence Housing Australia (DHA) as part of the \"Nation Building – Economic Stimulus Plan\" in 2009. It was a relatively small contract for 41 houses. However, the company was able to keep and hire staff during tough economic times of 2009 and 2010. The main competitor companies are: Mirvac Group, BGC (Australia) Pty Ltd and AVJennings Ltd. Orbit Homes won some significant building awards from Housing Industry Association (HIA) and Master Builder Association (MBA) in Australia. There are also smaller awards within various housing estates (at least 15 between 2003 and 2005). However, as with other building companies, the customer satisfaction varies. Orbit Homes Orbit Homes is a family owned home builder in Australia. The company has been operating since 1978. Orbit Homes operates in Victoria and Queensland with offices in Melbourne and Brisbane. The builder offers single-storey, double-storey and cottages homes. The company also offers house and land packages. In Victoria, Orbit Homes has display houses in: Eynesbury, Point Cook, Tarneit, Craigieburn, Doreen, Epping, Mernda and Cranbourne. In Queensland, display villages are in: Caboolture, North Lakes, Griffin, Warner, Mountain Creek, Springfield Lakes, Upper Coomera, and Waterford. Orbit Homes"
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"Patrick Chalmers (MP) Patrick Chalmers FSA (31 October 1802 – 23 June 1854) was a British soldier, writer and politician. He was the son of another Patrick Chalmers, a merchant from Aldbar, from whom he inherited Aldbar Castle. After being educated in Germany he studied at Oxford University, which he left before obtaining a degree. He then joined the army, serving in Ireland as part of the 3rd Dragoon Guards, where he rose to the rank of captain. In 1826, after his father's death, he sold his commission and returned to Aldbar. In 1832 he attempted to run for office as the Member of Parliament for Montrose Burghs, but was defeated by Horatio Ross. He ran again in 1835 and succeeded, being reelected in 1837 and 1841. In 1842 he was forced to resign due to ill-health, having an unidentified disease at the base of his spine, becoming the first Member of Parliament to be appointed as Steward of the Manor of Northstead. In later life he became an amateur Antiquarian, being appointed a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London on 24 January 1850 and writing a book \"The Sculptured Monuments of the County of Angus\" describing work he had come across. His health returned in later years, with some suggesting that he run for reelection in the next general election, but on a journey with some young relatives on a continental tour in 1854 he was struck by smallpox, immediately followed by a second bout of the spinal disease that had forced him to resign. Under the care of doctors not familiar with him, he contracted dysentery, of which he died on 23 June. Patrick Chalmers (MP) Patrick Chalmers FSA (31 October 1802 – 23 June 1854) was a British soldier, writer and politician. He was the"
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"Off cutter An off cutter is a type of delivery in the game of cricket. It is bowled by fast bowlers. A bowler releases a normal fast delivery with the wrist locked in position and the first two fingers positioned on top of the cricket ball, giving it spin about a horizontal axis perpendicular to the length of the pitch. For an off cutter, a right-handed bowler pulls his fingers down the right side of the ball (from his viewpoint), in an action similar to bowling an off break, only at higher speed. This changes the axis of spin to make it more like an off break, which makes the ball deviate to the right when it bounces on the pitch. From a right-handed batsman's point of view, this deviation is to the left, or from the off side towards the leg side. This deviation is known as \"cut\", and the delivery is called an \"off cutter\" because it moves \"away\" from the off side. What differentiates a genuine off cutter from a delivery that simply nips back off the seam is that it is deliberately bowled. A fast off cutter can also be bowled by placing the index and middle fingers on one side of the vertical seam, with the remaining fingers spread and tensed on the opposite side of the ball, as used by Brian Statham and Ray Lindwall. Off cutters do not turn as sharply as off breaks bowled by an off spin bowler, but at the speed of a fast bowler even a tiny deviation can cause difficulties for the batsman. If he is not quick enough to react to the movement, the batsman can miss the ball with his bat and be bowled between bat and pad or out leg before wicket if struck on the pads. A fast bowler will typically use the off cutter as a variation ball, as it is most effective when it surprises the batsman. Waqar Younis, Mustafizur Rahman, Glenn McGrath, Richard Hadlee, and Fred Trueman managed a bagful of wickets with this delivery because of the accurate lengths at which they operated, between fullish and good lengths (ball landing 2 to 3 steps in front of the batsman) at close to the off stump line. The surprise comes because, when facing rigorously accurate off-side bowlers, like those mentioned above, batters usually incorporate plans to leave the ball, or exaggerate foot movements to the pitch of the ball in anticipation. The calling card of this delivery, for the batsman to read it in advance, is the typical wobble in the seam after ball release with the seam slanting predominantly towards the batsman. A simple way for a beginner to learn to bowl cutters is to try imparting strong back-spin to the ball by pulling down on the seam at the time of release while keeping the seam vertical. Cutters work especially well on pitches that are rough, or when the ball lands on cracks on the surface. Such surfaces grip the seam and stop the reverse rotation, leading to considerable deviation as well as causing the ball to keep low after pitching. In the latter case, the balls are also called 'shooters'. Lance Klusener used this tactic in matches in the West Indies and the Indian subcontinent, particularly in one match in Calcutta towards the end of his career when he had lost some of his speed. Mustafizur Rahman is probably the most successful bowler of the off cutter. Instead of rolling the fingers over the seam of sliding it back he flicks his wrists at the very last moment with very less change to his action. Thus the 'Fizz' grips the surface and deviates the ball from its line and gets a sudden jump like bounce with slower pace. He even bowls a fast off cutter. Thus Nasser Hossain rightly described him as a 'fast off spinner'. A good example would be Andre Russels dismissal by Mustafizur in the Vivo IPL 2016. In test matches, bowlers tend to 'work the cracks' using cutters, meaning that they try pitching the ball on cracks repeatedly with the result that few of the balls that do pitch on cracks unsettles even a well-set batsman. In contemporary cricket, the off-cutter is primarily used as a slower ball in limited over cricket. Off cutter An off cutter is a type of delivery in the game of cricket. It is bowled by fast bowlers. A bowler releases a normal fast delivery with the wrist locked in position and the first two fingers positioned on top of the cricket ball, giving it spin about a horizontal axis perpendicular to the length of the pitch. For an off cutter, a right-handed bowler pulls his fingers down the right side of the ball (from his viewpoint), in an"
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"Caroline Bridgeman, Viscountess Bridgeman Caroline Beatrix Bridgeman, Viscountess Bridgeman, DBE, JP (née Parker; 30 June 1873 – 26 December 1961) was an English aristocrat, political activist, and churchwoman. Born to Hon. Cecil Thomas Parker, son of the 6th Earl of Macclesfield, and Rosamond Esther Harriet Longley, daughter of Archbishop of Canterbury Charles Thomas Longley, she married the 1st Viscount Bridgeman (1864-1935) on 30 April 1895 in Eccleston, Chester, England. As a result of her marriage, she was styled as Viscountess Bridgeman on 18 June 1929. She was invested as a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in 1924, after which she was also known as Dame Caroline Bridgeman. Bridgeman held the office Justice of Peace (JP) and was a governor of the BBC between 1935 and 1939. She died on 26 December 1961 of undisclosed causes, aged 88. Caroline Bridgeman, Viscountess Bridgeman Caroline Beatrix Bridgeman, Viscountess Bridgeman, DBE, JP (née Parker; 30 June 1873 – 26 December 1961) was an English aristocrat, political activist, and churchwoman. Born to Hon. Cecil Thomas Parker, son of the 6th Earl of Macclesfield, and Rosamond Esther Harriet Longley, daughter of Archbishop of Canterbury Charles Thomas Longley, she married the 1st"
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"Jeff Ulbrich Jeff Ulbrich (; born February 17, 1977) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League. He played for the San Francisco 49ers from 2000 to 2009. He was drafted by the 49ers in the 3rd round (86th overall) in the 2000 NFL Draft. He played college football at Hawaii. Ulbrich is currently the linebackers coach for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League. Ulbrich attended Live Oak High School in Morgan Hill, California, and lettered three times in football and twice in wrestling. In football, he was a First-team All-League and team MVP. In wrestling, he won a league title (192 pounds). Ulbrich redshirted in his lone season at San Jose State before transferring to Gavilan College. He earned first-team All-Conference and team MVP in lone season at Gavilan College in Gilroy, California. He was a two-year starter at Hawaii. He earned All-WAC first-team selection and team co-captain as a senior. He started all 12 games at middle linebacker. He led the conference with a school-record 169 tackles (42 solo) his senior year. Ulbrich set a school record with 127 assisted tackles, breaking the old mark of 97. He ranked third in the league with eight sacks for 67 yards. He had 15 tackles for loss (58 yards). He was credited with eight quarterback pressures, two fumble recoveries and one forced fumble. He returned two interceptions for 38 yards and had one pass defensed. He played in seven games, starting three at strong side inside linebacker as a junior. He finished with 41 tackles (28 solo), including a nine-yard sack. He caused and recovered a fumble. Ulbrich was drafted out of the University of Hawaii by the San Francisco 49ers in the third round (86th pick overall) of the 2000 NFL Draft. He only saw action in four games during his rookie season due to a right shoulder injury. He won the starting job in 2001. In 2005, he started only five games at inside linebacker before missing the remainder of the season with a torn biceps muscle. He started in 9 out of 16 games in 2006. Ulbrich took a backup role to first round pick Patrick Willis, and also a role on special teams. He was placed on injured reserve on October 19, 2009 after he suffered a concussion. Ulbrich announced his plans to retire as a result of the concussion on December 9, and he has said that he would like to become a college football coach one day. Ulbrich was hired by the Seattle Seahawks as a special teams assistant on January 29, 2010. He became the UCLA Bruins special team and linebackers coach in 2012 and helped leading the Bruins to the Pac-12 South Division Championship in his first year. One of his players, Anthony Barr led the nation in sacks with 13.5. After three years at UCLA, Ulbrich left to become the linebackers coach of the Atlanta Falcons. In the 2016 season, Ulbrich and the Falcons reached Super Bowl LI, where they faced the New England Patriots. In the Super Bowl, the Falcons fell in a 34–28 overtime defeat. Jeff Ulbrich Jeff Ulbrich (; born February 17, 1977) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League. He played for the San Francisco 49ers from 2000 to 2009. He was drafted by the 49ers in the 3rd round (86th overall) in the 2000 NFL Draft. He played college football at Hawaii. Ulbrich is currently the linebackers coach for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League. Ulbrich attended Live Oak High School in Morgan Hill, California,"
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"Peter Langloh Donkin Peter Langloh Donkin (19 June 1913 – 12 July 2000) was a New Zealand reconnaissance pilot with the Royal Air Force (RAF) who rose to the rank of Air Commodore. He is thought to be the first western serviceman to be attacked by the Germans in World War II. Citation for Distinguished Service Order : 22 Feb 1944 : awarded to Group Captain Peter Langloh Donkin Commanding Officer 35 Wing : \"In recognition of gallantry and devotion to duty in operations. From a low level he took excellent photographs of a heavily defended section of the French coat. As a Commanding Officer he distinguished himself with outstanding leadership and his careful planning and discipline have enabled his squadrons to undertake sustained offensive and photographic operations with notable success.\" Peter Langloh Donkin Peter Langloh Donkin (19 June 1913 – 12 July 2000) was a New Zealand reconnaissance pilot with the Royal Air Force (RAF) who rose to the rank of Air Commodore. He is thought to be the first western serviceman to be attacked by the Germans in World War II. Citation for Distinguished Service Order : 22 Feb 1944 : awarded to Group Captain Peter Langloh Donkin"
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"Adrian R. Krainer Adrian R. Krainer is a Uruguayan-American Biochemist and Molecular Geneticist. Krainer holds the St. Giles Foundation Professorship at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. He is a 2019 Breakthrough Prize Laureate in Lifesciences for his contributions to the understanding of the RNA gene-splicing process and, in collaboration with fellow Prize Laureate Dr. Frank Bennet of Ionis Pharmaceuticals, the development of medical interventions that target the gene-splicing process, including [Spinraza]], which is the first treatment for the genetic disorder Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Adrian R. Krainer was born in Montevideo, Uruguay to a Jewish family of Hungarian and Romanian descent. He has one older brother, who is a chemical engineer. His father did forced labor for two years in a Romanian labor camp (Ferma Alba) during World War II. After the war, his father's original surname, Kreiner changed to Krainer due to a clerical error when he was a refugee in Italy. His parents owned a small leather business in Montevideo. Krainer attended a private bilingual French-Spanish elementary school. He later attended a public school for two years before completing his pre-college education with four years at a private Spanish-Hebrew school. Krainer lived through political unrest during his teenage years, including urban guerrilla and military dictatorship. Krainer received a full scholarship from Columbia University and completed a Bachelor of Arts in Biochemistry in 1981. He graduated \"cum laude\" and Phi Beta Kappa. In 1986, he earned a Doctor of Philosophy in Biochemistry from Harvard University. From 1986-1989, Krainer conducted postdoctoral research as the first Cold Spring Harbor Fellow at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Krainer worked as an Assistant Professor from 1989-1990, Associate Professor from 1990-1994, and Professor since 1994. Krainer is a faculty member of the graduate programs in Genetics, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology at State University of New York, Stony Brook. Krainer holds the St. Giles Foundation Professorship at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Adrian R. Krainer Adrian R. Krainer is a Uruguayan-American Biochemist and Molecular Geneticist. Krainer holds the St. Giles Foundation Professorship at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. He is a 2019 Breakthrough Prize Laureate in Lifesciences for his contributions to the understanding of the RNA gene-splicing process and, in collaboration with fellow Prize Laureate Dr. Frank Bennet of Ionis Pharmaceuticals, the development of medical interventions that target the gene-splicing process, including [Spinraza]], which is the first treatment for the genetic disorder Spinal Muscular"
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"Convention of Democrats and Patriots The Convention of Democrats and Patriots (\"Convention des Démocrates et des Patriotes\", CDP/Garab-gi) was a political party in Senegal that was led by Iba Der Thiam. The party was founded by Thiam in June 1992. Its nickname, \"Garab-gi\", is Wolof for medicine, metaphorically reflecting a desire to restore the health of democracy in Senegal. The group was part of the Let Us Unite League (\"Japoo Liggueyal Senegal\"), which held three seats in the National Assembly following the February 1993 parliamentary election, along with And-Jëf/African Party for Democracy and Socialism and the National Democratic Rally. Thiam ran in the 2000 Senegalese presidential election, and after receiving 1.21% of the popular vote (fifth place) in the first round, he backed opposition leader Abdoulaye Wade in the second round. In the parliamentary election held on 29 April 2001, the party was part of the Sopi Coalition, an alliance of parties that included the Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS) of President Wade; the coalition together won 49.6% of the popular vote and 89 out of 120 seats. The party subsequently merged with the PDS at a congress on May 7, 2005. Convention of Democrats and Patriots The Convention of Democrats"
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"Kathy Evers Kathleen F. \"Kathy\" Evers (born 1950) is the First Lady-designate of Wisconsin, serving alongside her husband, Governor-elect of Wisconsin Tony Evers. Evers grew up in Plymouth, Wisconsin. Evers met her future husband in kindergarten; their first date was the junior prom. They have lived in Wisconsin for nearly their entire lives. Evers has three children and seven grandchildren. Evers is a retired educator. Upon her husband's inauguration on January 7, 2019, Evers will begin serving in the role of First Lady of Wisconsin. During the 2018 election, Evers led a \"Women for Tony\" task force across the state to mobilize women voters. Kathy Evers Kathleen F. \"Kathy\" Evers (born 1950) is the First Lady-designate of Wisconsin, serving alongside her husband, Governor-elect of Wisconsin Tony Evers. Evers grew up in Plymouth, Wisconsin. Evers met her future husband in kindergarten; their first date was the junior prom. They have lived in Wisconsin for nearly their entire lives. Evers has three children and seven grandchildren. Evers is a retired educator. Upon her husband's inauguration on January 7, 2019, Evers will begin serving in the role of First Lady of Wisconsin. During the 2018 election, Evers led a \"Women for Tony\" task"
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"State Road 39 (Serbia) State Road 39 is an IB-class road in eastern and southern Serbia, connecting Pirot with Montenegro at Čakor. It is located in Southern and Eastern Serbia and Kosovo and Metohija regions. The section between Mutivode and Čakor is controlled by Kosovo government and UNMIK. Before the new road categorization regulation given in 2013, the route wore the following names: M 9 and P 101 (before 2012) / 27 (after 2012). The existing route is a main road with two traffic lanes. By the valid Space Plan of Republic of Serbia the road is not planned for upgrading to motorway, and is expected to be conditioned in its current state. State Road 39 (Serbia) State Road 39 is an IB-class road in eastern and southern Serbia, connecting Pirot with Montenegro at Čakor. It is located in Southern and Eastern Serbia and Kosovo and Metohija regions. The section between Mutivode and Čakor is controlled by Kosovo government and UNMIK. Before the new road categorization regulation given in 2013, the route wore the following names: M 9 and P 101 (before 2012) / 27 (after 2012). The existing route is a main road with two traffic lanes. By the"
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"Mark Leeming Mark Leeming is a judge of the Court of Appeal of the Supreme Court of New South Wales, the highest court in the State of New South Wales, Australia, which forms part of the Australian court hierarchy. He is one of the current editors of \"\". Leeming went to Sydney Grammar School, and then graduated with First Class Honours in law from the University of Sydney in 1992. He then served as associate to Justice Gummow, then a Judge of the Federal Court of Australia. He subsequently served as associate to the Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia, Sir Anthony Mason. He later completed a PhD in Pure Mathematics at the University of Sydney. Leeming was called to the bar in 1995 and was appointed a Senior Counsel in 2006. He has been Challis Lecturer in Equity at the Sydney Law School since 2002. Leeming was appointed to the NSW Court of Appeal in 2013. Mark Leeming Mark Leeming is a judge of the Court of Appeal of the Supreme Court of New South Wales, the highest court in the State of New South Wales, Australia, which forms part of the Australian court hierarchy. He is"
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"Atlanta Baroque Orchestra The Atlanta Baroque Orchestra (ABO), founded in 1997 in Atlanta, Georgia, is the first and oldest professional orchestra in the Southeastern United States of America dedicated to historically informed performance, (also called \"authentic performance practice\") of music from the Baroque era on period instruments. The Atlanta Baroque Orchestra gave its premiere concert in January, 1998. The first Director of the ABO was lute and theorbo player Lyle Nordstrom, who departed in 2003. As several guest directors were brought in for concerts, John Hsu, noted performer on the viola da gamba and baryton, took the title of Artistic Advisor, becoming Artistic Director in July 2004; he continued through the 2008-2009 season. From 2004 through 2011, the Resident Director was founding member Daniel Pyle, harpsichordist and organist, and also Instructor of Music at Clayton State University and Organist and Choir Director at the Anglican Church of Our Saviour in Atlanta. Violinist, dancer and choreographer Julie Andrijeski became Artistic Director in February, 2011. The ABO usually performs four to six concerts per year, concentrating on orchestral works and concerti, but often featuring chamber pieces, vocal cantatas, and other works with vocal soloists. The range of works performed by the ABO stretches back to the beginnings of Baroque style around the year 1600, while their core repertoire is centered in music from many composers who worked in the Middle Baroque era of Pachelbel and Corelli (the late 1600s) and the High Baroque era of Vivaldi, Bach, Handel and Telemann (up through 1750). They have also performed the music of Mozart and Haydn, and the string symphonies of Mendelssohn from the 1820s. Several concerts have featured the orchestra accompanying Baroque dancers. Most performers with the ABO are university instructors and professors with advanced degrees, and all are specialists in authentic performance practice, playing replicas of the actual instruments used in the Baroque era. Such an ensemble produces a sound that is quite different from that of ensembles that use modern orchestral instruments. Baroque violins, violas and cellos use strings of sheep gut and bows of an earlier design, rather than the louder string instruments strung with steel strings played by conventional orchestras. Likewise, the Baroque flute is made of wood and does not have keys, while the Baroque horn (often called the natural horn) has no valves. Other instruments featured in a Baroque orchestra include the harpsichord and lautenwerk, viola da gamba and bass viol, recorder, Baroque bassoon, lute and theorbo. Because of the relatively small number of musicians who specialize in playing Baroque-era instruments, the ABO consists of a smaller core of regular musicians who live in the Atlanta area, supplemented for each concert by performers and featured soloists brought in from throughout the United States of America and occasionally from overseas. Guest artists and directors have included leading Baroque and Classical-period performers: violinists Stanley Ritchie, Monica Huggett, Sergiu Luca, and Dana Maiben; Paul O'Dette, lute; Aldo Abreu, recorder; soprano Julianne Baird; Stephen Rickards, countertenor; oboist Matthew Peaceman; and Baroque dancers Paige Whitley-Bauguess and Thomas Baird. Signatory concerts of the ABO include the first performances in Atlanta on period instruments of: and a year-long celebration of the 250th anniversary of the birth of Mozart in 2006. In 2009, they devoted concerts to the symphonies of Haydn, celebrating the 300th anniversary of his birth. In addition to its own concerts, the orchestra has performed in collaboration with other organizations throughout the Southeast, including at conferences of the National Flute Convention, the American Musicological Society, and the Southeast Historical Keyboard Society. The ABO has performed on the campuses of Emory University, the University of Georgia, Florida State University, Kennesaw State University, Clayton College and State University, Oglethorpe University, and Valdosta State University. The ABO has performed in venues in Birmingham, Alabama, Pensacola, Florida, Rome, Georgia, and Conyers, Georgia. The orchestra has also partnered with choral organizations including the Emory Concert Choir, Atlanta Choral Artists, the Schola Cantorum of Atlanta, Clayton State Collegiate Chorale, Clayton Camerata, Dekalb Choral Guild, the Westminster Choir, Chandler Choraliers, and choirs from Peachtree Road United Methodist Church in Atlanta, Intown Community Church in Atlanta, and Independent Presbyterian Church, Birmingham, Alabama. To date the Atlanta Baroque Orchestra has not released any recordings. Atlanta Baroque Orchestra The Atlanta Baroque Orchestra (ABO), founded in 1997 in Atlanta, Georgia, is the first and oldest professional orchestra in the Southeastern United States of America dedicated to historically informed performance, (also called \"authentic performance practice\") of music from the Baroque era on period instruments. The Atlanta Baroque Orchestra gave its premiere concert in January, 1998. The first Director of the ABO was lute and theorbo player Lyle Nordstrom, who departed in 2003. As several guest directors were brought in for concerts, John Hsu, noted performer on the viola da gamba and baryton, took the title"
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"Leó Forgács Leó Forgács (né Léo Fleischmann) (5 October 1881 in Budapest – 17 August 1930 in Berettyóújfalu, Hungary) was a Hungarian chess player. Fleischmann began his international career at Hanover 1902 where he won \"Haupturnier B\" in the 13th DSB Congress. In 1904, he took 6th place at the “Rice Gambit” tournament, in the Monte Carlo chess tournament. In the same year, he took 10th in Coburg (14th DSB Congress). The event was won by Curt von Bardeleben, Carl Schlechter and Rudolf Swiderski. In 1905, he won in Barmen (B-tournament). In 1905, he took 5th in Vienna. The event was won by Schlechter. In 1906, he tied for 3rd–4th in Nuremberg (15th DSB Congress, Frank Marshall won). He took 5th in the Ostend 1907 chess tournament (Masters' Tournament). The event was won by Ossip Bernstein and Akiba Rubinstein. In 1907, he won the 2nd Hungarian championship in Székesfehérvár. After 1908, Fleischmann played as Forgács. He took 14th in the Sankt Petersburg 1909. The event was won by Emanuel Lasker and Rubinstein. In 1910, he tied for 9-10th in Hamburg (17th DSB Congress). The event was won by Schlechter. In 1911, he took 3rd in San Remo. The event was won by Hans Fahrni. In 1912, he took 13th in the San Sebastian chess tournament. The event was won by Rubinstein. In 1912, he took 3rd in Budapest. The event was won by Milan Vidmar. In 1913, he took 3rd in Budapest. The event was won by Rudolf Spielmann. Leó Forgács Leó Forgács (né Léo Fleischmann) (5 October 1881 in Budapest – 17 August 1930 in Berettyóújfalu, Hungary) was a Hungarian chess player. Fleischmann began his international career at Hanover 1902 where he won \"Haupturnier B\" in the 13th DSB Congress. In 1904, he took 6th place at the “Rice"
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"The Queers The Queers are an American punk rock band, formed in 1981 by the Portsmouth, New Hampshire, native Joe Queer, along with Scott Gildersleeve (a.k.a. Tulu), and Jack Hayes (a.k.a. Wimpy Rutherford). With the addition of Keith Hages in 1982 the band started playing their first live shows. The band originally broke up in late 1984, but reformed with Joe Queer and a new line-up in 1986. In 1990, the band signed with Shakin' Street Records and released their first album \"Grow Up\". The album earned the band notability within New England, but with the release of their next album 1993's \"Love Songs for the Retarded\", on Lookout! Records, their following grew larger. In 2006, after releasing six albums on Lookout! Records, the band rescinded their master rights from the label, citing breach of contract over unpaid royalties. Later that year they signed with Asian Man Records. The Queers' cover of \"Wipe Out\" was featured in the 2007 Columbia Pictures and ImageWorks Studios mockumentary film \"Surf's Up,\" produced by Sony Pictures Animation and National Geographic Films. The Queers play a Ramones-derived style of pop punk. Much like The Ramones, common lyrical themes are of girls, love, drugs, alcohol and having fun. Musically the band deviates slightly from the driving rhythm guitar sound of the Ramones and augments their songs with harmony vocals and guitar solos. They have been described as \"The Ramones meets The Beach Boys\". Ben Weasel of Screeching Weasel infrequently collaborates on songwriting with Joe Queer. The band is well known for the variety of cover versions they include on their records and during live performances. Bands/artists covered by The Queers include The Beach Boys, Ramones (including a complete re-recording of the \"Rocket to Russia\" album), Unnatural Axe, The Nobodys, Angry Samoans, The Mr. T Experience, Skeeter Davis, The Fantastic Baggys, The Who, The Undertones, The Hobos, Tommy James and The Shondells, Helen Love, The Catalogs (from Hawaii, featuring Les Hernandez of The Quintessentials), The Banana Splits and many more. Joe Queer has been publicly outspoken against Nazism and white supremacy over the years as expressed in various interviews and in the song \"You're Tripping\" off of the 1993 Lookout Records release \"Love Songs for the Retarded\". The lyrics state \"I hate white power... Can't you see, this ain't Nazi Germany\". In a 2014 open letter, Joe Steinhardt of Don Giovanni Records called on Asian Man Records and Recess Records to drop The Queers after Joe Queer made public statements in support of Ferguson police officer Darren Wilson. Artist Mitch Clem, who had previously done work for the band, publicly broke ties as well. Steinhardt later apologized for the open letter, stating \"I remain personally appalled by Joe Queer's defense of Darren Wilson, his use of the term Obongo regarding the president...at the same time, I recognize that a better way to go about this would be more thoughtful discussion directly with the people involved.\" Joe Queer later called Steinhardt a 'gutless wimp' and challenged him to a face to face debate to be filmed and put online. Steinhardt has yet to respond. In an interview with Noisey, after their February 2016 show was cancelled due to a call for a petition to boycott the show from a local collective, Babely Shades, Joe Queer voiced his opinion when asked if he \"supports racist, misogynistic or homophobic values?\" he replied \"Of course not. What normal minded person does? My closest pals here in Atlanta are Chris and Chester, two gay black guys. I was actually working a part time job. I was one of two white people on the whole job. If I was so racist, I wouldn't have worked there or be living in Atlanta! The whole city is predominantly black.\" He also voiced his opinion of the activist group Black Lives Matter, stating \"Black Lives Matter doesn't care about black people, they just want to cause trouble and hate white people. If they truly cared they'd be in the ghettos of America trying to help there instead of screaming about white America. That's where the murders of black people are happening, but according to BLM it's all white cops who are doing it! It's insane thinking and not getting to the root of the problem at all. All lives matter.\" In a 2017 interview, Joe Queer stated \"“I get called a Nazi and racist because of our name, and then because I had an opinion about the Ferguson thing,” he says. “I’m liberal as hell, and I was taken aback by how quickly people attacked me. To this day, I’ll get snide comments. I was jumped by Nazis as a gay person, even though I’m not gay. I fought Nazis, so to be called a Nazi is lame by this alt-left.\" In the same interview he states that humor is a way to social change, we shouldn't take ourselves so seriously and that many people are looking for a reason to be offended, \"“In the old days of punk rock, all these bands were laughing at themselves, and they got their point across through humor,” King says. “The Dead Kennedys, Black Flag, the Circle Jerks, the Dickies, the Angry Samoans, Flipper, X — they were funny, but they had a message. They were laughing at themselves. I don’t think the new liberals are really offended. I think they’re just looking for a reason to say they’re offended. They completely take everything out of context. It’s so insincere, this faux outrage.\" Since its formation, the band has gone through a few line-up changes, with Joe Queer as the only constant member. The band currently consists of Joe Queer (Guitar/Vocals), Cheeto Bandito (Bass), and Hoglog Rehab (Drums). The first line-up was Joe Queer, Tulu, Keith Hages and Wimpy Rutherford. The mid-1980s line-up was Joe Queer, JJ Rassler, Hugh O'Neill with Kevin Kecy or Evan Shore. The best known line-up is from the 1990s Lookout Records era : Joe Queer, B-Face and Hugh O'Neill. After leaving Lookout Records, B-Face and Hugh O'Neill left and Dangerous Dave joined. The Queers continue to actively tour and a new record is in the works. The Queers The Queers are an American punk rock band, formed in 1981 by the Portsmouth, New Hampshire, native Joe Queer, along with Scott Gildersleeve (a.k.a. Tulu), and Jack Hayes (a.k.a. Wimpy Rutherford). With the addition of Keith Hages in 1982 the band started playing their first live shows. The band originally broke up in late 1984, but reformed with Joe Queer and a new line-up in 1986. In 1990, the band signed with Shakin' Street Records and"
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"Ashikaga Shigeuji When in 1439 \"shōgun\" Ashikaga Yoshinori attacked and invaded Kamakura, its ruler Mochiuji committed \"seppuku\" near today's Zuisen-ji to escape capture. His eldest son Yoshihisa, 14 years old at the time, was also forced to kill himself at nearby Hōkoku-ji. His three younger sons however escaped to Nikkō and in 1440 were led by Yūki Ujitomo, head of the Yūki clan, to his castle in Koga, Shimōsa Province, and survived. When later Ujitomo's castle was attacked by the shogunate, they escaped. Two, Haruō-maru and Yasuō-maru, however were caught and executed, while Eijuō-maru survived. Kamakura and the Kantō would then be ruled for the shogunate by the Uesugi clan until 1449. In that year, Eijuō-maru's uncle Ōi Mochimitsu managed to have him appointed to the post of \"Kantō kubō\" (\"shōgun\"s deputy in the Kantō region), the first Ashikaga to hold the post since his father's death ten years earlier. On the occasion, the 11-year-old boy reached manhood and received the character for the adult name he was about to assume from \"shōgun\" Yoshimasa himself (who took it from his former name, ) and became Shigeuji. \"Shōgun\" Yoshimasa, not trusting Shigeuji, nominated his ally Uesugi Noritada \"kanrei\" with the task of keeping him informed of what happened in Kamakura. The relationship between the two men, already difficult because of the role the Uesugi had had in Mochiuji's death, was therefore strained from the beginning. Tension culminated with Shigeuji's 1454 killing of Noritada, who was invited at Shigeuji's mansion and there murdered. The killing made the Kantō province fall into chaos because all Uesugi vassals rose against Shigeuji. Imagawa Noritada defeated Shigeuji and Kamakura, and in 1455 Shigeuji had to flee to the friendly city of Koga, where in time he became known as the \"Koga kubō\". The Uesugi asked Yoshimasa to send someone to replace Shigeuji, so he sent his younger brother Masatomo with an army to pacify Kantō, but many vassals had remained faithful to Shigeuji, so Masatomo was unable to even enter Kamakura. He had to stop in Horigoe in Izu Province, and was thereafter known as Horigoe Gosho. The Kantō therefore found itself with two rulers, one in Koga and one in Horigoe, neither of whom was able to rule. The Kantō was, for all practical purposes, once again in the hands of the Uesugi. This was the beginning of an era in which the Kantō and Kamakura were devastated by a time of civil wars called the Sengoku period. War continued with on one side Masatomo and the Uesugi, on the other Shigeuji and the Chiba, the Utsunomiya, the Oyama and other clans. In 1471 Uesugi forces arrived in Koga, so Shigeuji had to escape to Chiba. Hostilities ceased only in 1482. Shigeuji was able to return to Koga, where he founded a dynasty and ruled until his death in 1497. Ashikaga Shigeuji When in 1439 \"shōgun\" Ashikaga Yoshinori attacked and invaded Kamakura, its ruler Mochiuji committed \"seppuku\" near today's Zuisen-ji to escape capture. His eldest"
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"Begimay Karybekova Begimay Karybekova (; born 5 March 1997) is a Kyrgyz model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Kyrgyzstan 2017. She will now represent Kyrgyzstan at the Miss Universe 2018 competition, becoming the first ever Kyrgyz entrant. Karybekova was born in Naryn, Kyrgyzstan. She is a student at the International University of Kyrgyzstan in Bishkek, and also works as a model. Karybekova began her pageantry career after representing Kyrgyzstan at Miss Intercontinental 2016 and Top Model of the World 2016, where she placed in the top seven in the latter competition. In 2017, she was crowned Miss Kyrgyzstan 2017 and was given the opportunity to represent Kyrgyzstan at Miss World 2017. However, she was forced to withdraw from the competition due to issues securing a Chinese visa. However, she also received the right to represent Kyrgyzstan at Miss Universe 2018 in Bangkok, Thailand, where she will become the first ever Kyrgyz entrant in the competition. Begimay Karybekova Begimay Karybekova (; born 5 March 1997) is a Kyrgyz model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Kyrgyzstan 2017. She will now represent Kyrgyzstan at the Miss Universe 2018 competition, becoming the first ever Kyrgyz entrant. Karybekova was"
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"Ernest Lehman Ernest Paul Lehman (December 8, 1915 – July 2, 2005) was an American screenwriter. He was nominated six times for Academy Awards for his screenplays during his career, but did not win. At the 73rd Academy Awards in 2001, he received an Honorary Academy Award in recognition of his achievements and his influential works for the screen. His work inspired new generations of screenwriters and captivated filmmakers, actors, film critics, and audiences. He was the first screenwriter to receive that honor. The award was presented to him by Julie Andrews, a friend and star of \"The Sound of Music\". He received two Edgar Awards of the Mystery Writers of America for screenplays for suspense films he wrote for director Alfred Hitchcock: \"North by Northwest\" (1959), his only original screenplay, and \"Family Plot\" (1976), one of numerous adaptations. Lehman was born in 1915 to Gertrude (Thorn) and Paul E. Lehman. Their wealthy Jewish family was based on Long Island; they had suffered major financial losses during the Great Depression. Lehman attended the College of the City of New York (The City College of New York). After graduation, he started working as a freelance writer. Lehman felt that freelancing was a \"very nervous way to make a living\", so he began writing copy for a publicity firm that focused on plays and celebrities. He drew from this experience for the screenplay of the film \"Sweet Smell of Success\" (1957), which he co-wrote with playwright Clifford Odets. Lehman also published many short stories and novellas in magazines such as \"Colliers\", \"Redbook\" and \"Cosmopolitan\". These attracted the attention of Hollywood managers, and in the mid-1950s Paramount Pictures signed him to a writing contract. His first film, \"Executive Suite\" (1954), was a success. Lehman was asked to collaborate on the romantic comedy \"Sabrina\" (1954), which was released the same year and also became a hit. Some of his most notable works are the screenplay adaptations of the musical \"West Side Story\" (1961) and the mega-hit film version of \"The Sound of Music\" (1965), another musical. Lehman held amateur radio callsign K6DXK. He was an active member of the Bel Air Repeater Association. In 1958, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer had hired Hitchcock to make a film called \"The Wreck of the Mary Deare\", based on Hammond Innes' novel of the same name. Collaborating with Lehman, Hitchcock produced \"North by Northwest\" (1959) instead. This was one of Lehman's few original screenplays (rather than adaptations). The film starred Cary Grant as Roger O. Thornhill, a Madison Avenue advertising executive who is mistaken for a government agent by a group of menacing spies (led by James Mason and Martin Landau). Lehman later said he intended \"North by Northwest\" to be \"the Hitchcock picture to end all Hitchcock pictures.\" The writing process took Lehman a year, including several periods of writer's block, as well as a trip to Mount Rushmore to do research for the film's climax. \"North by Northwest\" was one of Lehman's greatest triumphs in Hollywood and a huge hit for Hitchcock. For his efforts, Lehman received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Screenplay, as well as a 1960 Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for Best Motion Picture Screenplay. In addition to screenwriting, Lehman tried his hand at producing. He was among the few people who initially favored a film adaptation of Edward Albee's play \"Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?\". He persuaded studio executive Jack L. Warner to allow him to take on the project, and the film was a critical sensation, garnering many Academy Award nominations. Lehman was also nominated for an Academy Award for his screenplay for \"Hello, Dolly!\" (1969), starring Barbra Streisand. In 1972, Lehman directed \"Portnoy's Complaint\", based on the novel by Philip Roth; this was his only directorial work. Later, he earned another Edgar Award for his screenplay for Alfred Hitchcock's \"Family Plot\" (1976). By 1979, Lehman had stopped writing screenplays, aside from some television projects. He turned down offers to write for Jonathan Demme's \"The Silence of the Lambs\" and Brian De Palma's \"\". Lehman completed adaptations for two films that were never made: a screenplay for the Noël Coward classic \"Hay Fever\", and one for a musical version of \"Zorba the Greek\". The latter was intended for direction by Robert Wise and starring actors Anthony Quinn and John Travolta. In 1977, Lehman published the bestselling novel \"The French Atlantic Affair\", about a group of unemployed, middle-class Americans who hijack a French cruise ship for a $35 million ransom. It was adapted as a TV miniseries in 1979. Lehman died on 2 July 2005 at UCLA Medical Center after a prolonged illness. He was buried at the Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles. He was survived by his wife Laurie and their son Jonathan, as well as by two sons (Roger and Alan) from his first marriage. Lehman received six Academy Award nominations during his career, but never won. At the 73rd Academy Awards ceremony in 2001, he became the first screenwriter to receive an Honorary Academy Award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Lehman did, however, receive more honorable recognition from the Writers Guild of America than any other screenwriter in film history. Ernest Lehman Ernest Paul Lehman (December 8, 1915 – July 2, 2005) was an American screenwriter. He was nominated six times for Academy Awards for his screenplays during his career,"
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"Fulgentius Ferrandus Fulgentius Ferrandus was a canonist and theologian of the African Church in the first half of the 6th century. He was a deacon of Carthage and probably accompanied his master and patron, Fulgentius of Ruspe, to exile in Sardinia, when the bishops of the African Church were banished from their sees by the Arian King of the Vandals, Thrasamund. After the death of Thrasamund and the accession of Hilderic, in 523, the exiles were permitted to return, and Fulgentius, although only a deacon, soon gained a position of great importance in the African Church. He was frequently consulted in regard to the complex theological problems of the time and was known as one of the most redoubtable champions of orthodoxy in Western Christendom. Through no desire of his own, he was forced to take an active part in the controversy brought about through the condemnation of the \"Three Chapters\" by the Emperor Justinian. At the request of Pope Vigilius the Roman deacons Pelagius and Anatolius submitted the questions involved in the emperor's censure of the works of Theodore of Mopsuestia, Theodoret of Cyrus and Ibas of Edessa, to their Carthaginian confrere, requesting him at the same time to lay the matter before the African bishops. Ferrandus at once declared himself in the most emphatic manner against yielding to the schemes of the emperor (Ep. vi, ad Pelagium et Anatolium diaconos). His decision met with the approval of Rusticus, Archbishop of Carthage, and was subsequently ratified by the council of African bishops over which Rusticus presided, and in which it was agreed to sever all relations with Pope Vigilius. Ferrandus died shortly after this event and before the Second Council of Constantinople was convened in 553. His works are mostly of a doctrinal character. He defended the Trinitarian doctrines against the Arians and dealt besides with the question of the two natures in Christ, with baptism, and with the Eucharist. He drew up a \"Breviatio Canonum Ecclesiasticorum\" in which he summarized in two hundred and thirty-two canons the teaching of the earliest ecumenical councils concerning the manner of life of bishops, priests, deacons and other ecclesiastics, and of the conduct to be observed towards Jews, pagans and heretics. He also wrote at the request of the Comes Reginus (who was probably military governor of North Africa) a treatise on the Christian rule of life for soldiers, in which he laid down seven rules which he explained and inculcated and gave evidence of his piety and practical wisdom. Fulgentius Ferrandus Fulgentius Ferrandus was a canonist and theologian of the African Church in the first half of the 6th century. He was a deacon of Carthage and probably accompanied his master and patron, Fulgentius of Ruspe, to exile in Sardinia, when the bishops of the African Church were banished from their sees by the Arian King of the Vandals, Thrasamund. After the death of Thrasamund and the accession of Hilderic, in 523, the exiles were permitted to return, and Fulgentius, although"
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"Alfredo M. Santos General Alfredo Manapat Santos (July 13, 1905 – February 7, 1990) was Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines in 1962 to 1965, making him the first four-star general of the Philippines' armed forces. Alfredo M. Santos was born in Santa Cruz, Manila, Philippines on July 13, 1905 to Fructoso L. Santos and Agatona J. Manapat, and was seventh among fourteen children. His secondary education was acquired in Manila North High school (now Arellano). He graduated at Mapúa Institute of Technology with a degree in Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering in 1931. In the same year, he passed the Board examination. He showed interest in the military when he graduated on the top of his ROTC class at the University of the Philippines as a cadet colonel and Corps Commander in 1929. He continued this interest after schooling. General Santos' military career started when he was appointed probationary Third Lieutenant on June 8, 1936, after five years of civil engineering practice. He entered the Reserve Officer Service School (ROSS) at Camp Henry T. Allen in Baguio City, where he was made the Battalion Commander. He graduated at the top of his class, and twenty years after, he was honored as its Most Distinguished Alumnus. Then Captain Santos was the most decorated Unit Commander of the 1st Regular Division in the memorable Bataan campaign, even dubbed by Commanding General, Brigadier General Fidel V. Segundo, as the \"\"Hammer of the Division\"\" when he brilliantly outmaneuvered and outsmarted the enemy during their attempt to pocket their area. In both attempts, his unit successfully broke through the Gogo-Cotar and Tuol Pockets, thus earning for himself the moniker \"\"hero of the pockets\"\" For his heroic feat in battle, he was promoted to Major in the field. Two days after, he was decorated with the United States Army's Distinguished Service Cross for \"extraordinary heroism in combat in Bataan\" and the Silver Star for \"gallantry in action\". Later, the Philippine Government awarded him the equivalent Distinguished Conduct Star and Gold Cross for the same combat action. On January 25, 1942, a superior Japanese Army force launched an attack southward from a general line along Pilar-Bagac Road. The attack swept the outpost line in resistance, and penetrated the Main Line of Resistance (MLR) of the 1st Regular Division on the Gogo-Cotar River area, Bataan, creating a 500-yard gap through which the enemy rushed. For four days, hundreds of Japanese troops tried to break through lines. Santos was given the hazardous mission of closing the gaps and annihilating the enemy troops who had infiltrated the lines as the gap posed a serious threat to the positions and the security of the division. He led a counter-attack against the strong and numerically superior Japanese forces positioned between the MLR and the Regimental Reserve Line (RRL). The fighting began at dawn of January 29, 1942. With dogged determination, the defenders fought assiduously and without pause against all odds to restore the defensive sector assigned to the 1st Regular Division. Major Santos was ordered to surrender his unit to the Imperial Japanese Forces which he reluctantly did on April 12, 1942. He became a prisoner-of-war and was one of the captives in the \"Death March\" to Camp O'Donnell at Capas, Tarlac. He was released from the concentration camp on August 10, 1942. During the Japanese occupation from December 1942 to January 1945, he joined the Filipino-American Irregular Troops (FAIT) under Col. Hugh I. Straughn as Chief of the Intelligence Division of the North Section in Manila, with the rank of Colonel. He fought with the American and Filipino soldiers in the liberation of Manila from February to March 1945. He returned to military control at the end of the liberation campaign that year and was assigned at Camp Murphy as Camp Inspector of the 2nd Camp Complement. Later, he held other positions, including Executive Officer and S-3 of the 1st Camp Complement; Acting District Commander at Camp Olivas, San Fernando, Pampanga; Commanding Officer of the 4th MP Battalion, Mandaluyong, Rizal in April 1946; and Executive Officer of the Presidential Guard Battalion in Malacañan Palace, Manila. In July 1946, he was sent to the United States as a student officer at the Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, USA where he finished the regular Command and Staff course a year later on July 3, 1947. When Congressman Datu Mangelen and Senator Salipada Pendatun offered him the provincial governorship of Cotabato in 1951, through then Secretary of National Defense Ramon Magsaysay, he declined. It was a personal decision which was very difficult to make. At that time, the position was appointive, rather than elective. The province of Cotabato then was in turmoil. Violent clashes occurred, resulting in the death of many political followers of contending parties. But he contended that the problem was essentially political in nature, and that he had charted his course for a military career. His negative reply was honored. Major Santos knew what he wanted in his career and to him a diversion like that of the appointive offer would adversely affect his plan to attain the highest position in the military hierarchy. Subsequently, Lieutenant Colonel Santos was given command of the Panay Task Force, composed of the 15th Battalion Combat Team (BCT) with some elements of the 9th BCT and the PC commands of Iloilo, Capiz and Antique. Reporting to his new command on March 1, 1951, he once more showed his incontestable ability and grit in military tactics. As proof of this, he earned the distinction of having accounted for the fall of two of the highest-ranking dissidents at the height of the Huk campaign. This position gave him the opportunity to put his military prowess in full play. He made history when Guillermo Capadocia, erstwhile Secretary General and one of the founders of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), was captured at Barrio Yubog in San Remigio, Antique. During the hectic campaign to capture Capadocia and destroy the leftist band in 1951 and 1952 on Panay Island, Major Santos made one crucial decision which ensured the success of the operations. He organized a civilian commando unit headed by Pedro Valentin, a mountain leader who knew the people and the terrain very well. Part of his command decision was the designation of the civilian commando unit as the attacking force, while elements of the 15th BCT served as the holding or covering forces. Had it been otherwise, the wily Capadocia would have had the government forces running around at circles as they were handicapped in the rough terrain. Capadocia's death was the consummation of Major Santos' bold plan. The incessant military operations aimed primarily at the capture, whether dead or alive, of dissident leaders resulted in the surrender of hundreds of their men. In addition, the capture of the rebels' arms, supplies and equipment as well as important documents which were of great value to the entire campaign for peace and order throughout the country was crucial in breaking up the backbone of the dissidents' depredations in Visayas and Mindanao. In the crucial campaign to capture Huk leader Mariano P. Balgos and destroy his group in the Bicol region, Colonel Santos made a decision to pull out all Army troops from the provinces of Sorsogon, Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur after an on-the-spot study and estimate of the situation in the field. Operations then concentrated in the Manito area where the Huk leader was reportedly holed up. It was a risky decision as it left those other area at the mercy of Balgos and his marauders, headed by the murderous Commander \"Tagle\". But the weather proved to be an unexpected ally in Colonel Santos' operation. A strong typhoon that was raging at the time, and the possibility that Balgos could have slipped out due to the thinness of the cordon surrounding him",
"in Visayas and Mindanao. In the crucial campaign to capture Huk leader Mariano P. Balgos and destroy his group in the Bicol region, Colonel Santos made a decision to pull out all Army troops from the provinces of Sorsogon, Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur after an on-the-spot study and estimate of the situation in the field. Operations then concentrated in the Manito area where the Huk leader was reportedly holed up. It was a risky decision as it left those other area at the mercy of Balgos and his marauders, headed by the murderous Commander \"Tagle\". But the weather proved to be an unexpected ally in Colonel Santos' operation. A strong typhoon that was raging at the time, and the possibility that Balgos could have slipped out due to the thinness of the cordon surrounding him was very evident. Balgos loved sardines. The sardine manufacturer cooperated in putting botulism in the sardines distributed in the stores surrounding his hideout. Under cover of the typhoon, a scout ranger team (Rafael Ileto's) positioned itself at the latrine area of his camp and caught him in their sights literally with his pants down. Refusing to surrender, he jumped with both pistols drawn. His death compensated for the great risk taken. It virtually broke the expansion phase of the HMB and CPP in the Bicol region. Colonel Santos' deep understanding and full knowledge of the nature of the dissident underground movement enabled him to effect the intelligent deployment of his troops as well as secure the cooperation and support of the civilian population and weakening the Huk organization. Six days after his second achievement, Colonel Santos was appointed ad interim Brigadier General by President Ramon Magsaysay, a well-deserved appointment which was confirmed by the Commission of Appointments on May 4, 1955. His successful effort in the Huk campaigns spread abroad and inspired other military leaders in Southeast Asia who were locked in similar fierce battle aimed at stopping the spread of Communism in their own similar countries. As a result, he was awarded Philippine Legion of Honor (Degree of Commander) and later another Legion of Honor (Degree of Officer) from the United States Government. In 1956, he was assigned back at Camp Murphy as Chief of the War Plans Division. Santos later was nominated and subsequently installed as the first Chief of SEATO Military Planning Office with headquarters in Bangkok, Thailand on March 1, 1957. On August 1, 1960, he was designated Commanding General of the Philippine Army. Upon assumption of position, Santos pursued a career management program for officers, reassigning them in accordance with their career profile. A stickler for professional excellence, he instituted rigid training for troops and required appropriate compulsory schooling of officers who were in need of it. Through his conscientious and indefatigable efforts, he efficiently carried out the broad policies and vital mission of the PA, particularly the build-up and training of the Citizen Army and the implementation of the socio-economic military program of the AFP. He was deeply concerned with the welfare of his men and endeavored to improve the living conditions of the enlisted personnel and their families, raising their morale and improving discipline in the command. To better prepare military personnel for civilian life, he pursued non-military projects that could provide opportunities to soldiers and reservists especially upon their retirement or separation from the service, in the form of practical lessons and training in livestock-raising. On the matters of promotion and assignment of officers and men under his command, Major Santos emphasized the merit system for the sake of morale and discipline. His firm, mature and unyielding decisions on administrative matters, which were tempered with and founded upon justice and human understanding, contributed to a large extent to the effective synchronization of the various PA staffs and efficient functioning of the entire command. After having served for more than two years as Commanding General of the Philippine Army, he was appointed by President Diosdado Macapagal as Chief of Staff of the AFP on September 1, 1962, thus becoming the first military man from the ranks of the ROTC and \"citizen army\" to be named to the highest military post. With his ascendance to this top position, he also set precedent of being the first one-star general to be elevated directly to a three-star rank, that of Lieutenant General. The latest honor bestowed upon General Santos was his election into the Allied Officers Hall of Fame at the United States Army Command and General Staff at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas USA. He received the Certificate of Honor from US Ambassador Henry A. Byroade in simple ceremonies held at the US Embassy, Roxas Boulevard, Manila on April 14, 1973. Alfredo M. Santos General Alfredo Manapat Santos (July 13, 1905 – February 7, 1990) was Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines in 1962 to 1965, making him the first four-star general of the Philippines' armed forces. Alfredo"
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"Alex Kemp (American football official) Alex Kemp is a National Football League (NFL) official. He wears uniform number 55. He entered the league in the season as a side judge, and was promoted to referee for the season, following the retirements of Ed Hochuli and Jeff Triplette. Alex Kemp is the son of former NFL referee Stan Kemp. Kemp's 2018 NFL officiating crew consists of umpire Rich Hall, down judge Tom Symonette, line judge Jeff \"Bergie\" Bergman, field judge Johnny \"JJ\" Jenkins, side judge Aaron Santi, and back judge Steve Freeman. Kemp known for his love of the game, cannot wait to get underway with his inaugural season. Alex Kemp (American football official) Alex Kemp is a National Football League (NFL) official. He wears uniform number 55. He entered the league in the season as a side judge, and was promoted to referee for the season, following the retirements of Ed Hochuli and Jeff Triplette. Alex Kemp is the son of former NFL referee Stan Kemp. Kemp's 2018 NFL officiating crew consists of umpire Rich Hall, down judge Tom Symonette, line judge Jeff \"Bergie\" Bergman, field judge Johnny \"JJ\" Jenkins, side judge Aaron Santi, and back judge Steve Freeman. Kemp"
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"José Giménez José María Giménez de Vargas (; born 20 January 1995) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays for Spanish club Atlético Madrid and the Uruguay national team as a central defender. After starting out his professional career with his Danubio FC, Gimenez moved to Spain, signing for Atletico Madrid ahead of the 2013-14 season. A solid, powerful and fast moving defender, Gimenez settled quickly with the club, winning four major titles with the latter, including the La Liga title in his debut season. Born in Toledo, Giménez made his professional debut for Danubio F.C. in the Uruguayan Primera División on 17 November 2012 (when the manager was Juan Ramón Carrasco) against River Plate in which he started and played the full 90 minutes as Danubio lost the match 2–0. On 25 April 2013, it was confirmed that Giménez had signed for €900,000 with Spanish side Atlético Madrid, and would join the club in the pre-season of the 2013–14 season. On 14 September, Giménez made his \"Atleti\" – and La Liga – debut, starting in a 4–2 home win over UD Almería. Giménez scored his first goal for the club on 6 December 2014, opening a 2–0 win away to Elche CF to move Atlético into second place. He also scored a header against biggest rival Real Madrid in Atlético's 2–0 win in the Copa del Rey in January 2015. Giménez participated for Uruguay at the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup as the team finished as runner-up to France. He debuted for the Uruguay senior team in a 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifier against Colombia on 10 September 2013. On 2 June 2014, Giménez was named in Uruguay's squad for the 2014 World Cup finals. The 19-year-old defender made his tournament debut against England in the team's second group match, deputising for the injured captain Diego Lugano in a 2–1 victory for \"La Celeste\". (with 19 years and 149 days old, he is the youngest Uruguayan player to debut at a world cup). He went on to start in the final group match – a 1–0 win over Italy – and the 2–0 round of 16 loss to Colombia. Giménez scored his first international goal in a 1–0 friendly win against South Korea in September 2014. In May 2015, he was named in Uruguay's squad for the 2015 Copa América by coach Óscar Tabárez. On 20 June, Giménez scored Uruguay's goal in a 1–1 draw with Paraguay which saw both teams progress to the knockout stage. In May 2018 he was named in Uruguay's provisional 26 man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. On 15 June, he scored the winning goal in the final minute of Uruguay's opening game of the World Cup against Egypt. Atlético Madrid José Giménez José María Giménez de Vargas (; born 20 January 1995) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays for Spanish club Atlético Madrid and the Uruguay national team as a central defender. After starting out his professional career"
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"Atrapadas Atrapadas (English: \"Trapped\"), released as Condemned to Hell, is a 1984 Argentine thriller drama film written and directed by Aníbal Di Salvo and starring Leonor Benedetto, Betiana Blum, Mirta Busnelli and Juan Leyrado. The story is set in a women's prison. A corrupt prison system comes under scrutiny in this action drama about a racketeering lesbian inmate, crooked wardens, drug traffickers, and another female prisoner who challenges the system. Silvia (Leonor Benedetto) refuses to cooperate with Susana (Camila Perissé) when she comes around to induce her to take drugs, an act which gets her severely beaten and her younger sister murdered. Outraged at Susana's collusion with a handful of corrupt wardens and drug barons, Silvia vows revenge, and, with the help of some inmates and a decent warden, she escapes from prison for one night to carry out a plan that is meant to eliminate the drug traffickers, Susana, and their prison minions — on both side of the bars. Atrapadas Atrapadas (English: \"Trapped\"), released as Condemned to Hell, is a 1984 Argentine thriller drama film written and directed by Aníbal Di Salvo and starring Leonor Benedetto, Betiana Blum, Mirta Busnelli and Juan Leyrado. The story is set in"
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"Tombet Tombet (; ) is a traditional vegetable dish from Majorca. It is available at almost every local restaurant on the island. Tombet is often served along with fish or meat, but on its own it makes a good vegetarian dish. Tombet combines layers of sliced potatoes, aubergines and red bell peppers previously fried in olive oil. The aubergines and red peppers should not be peeled. The whole is topped with tomato fried with garlic and parsley and presented in a way that it looks like a pie without a crust. Tombet is the Majorcan version of the Occitan \"ratatouille\" or the Catalan . Influenced by those dishes, nowadays some people add zucchini to the mixture, but this is a vegetable that is not present in the original dish. There are records indicative of a new tombet made in Greenpoint, Brooklyn by Natália Costa who incorporates the cumin element to the traditional recipe. Tombet Tombet (; ) is a traditional vegetable dish from Majorca. It is available at almost every local restaurant on the island. Tombet is often served along with fish or meat, but on its own it makes a good vegetarian dish. Tombet combines layers of sliced potatoes,"
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"Airiel Down Airiel Down is an American rock band from Raleigh, North Carolina. The band consists of lead vocalist Beaux Foy, drummer Taylor Traversari, guitarist Michael Abe, bassist Lani Abe, and guitarist Gordon Harris. The group released its debut album, \"Vision\", in 2006, which garnered acclaim from critics for its tight rhythms, high energy, and first-rate musicianship. Their 2009 album, \"Shine\", received the same kind of praise and included the song \"Hurricane Warning,\" which is played at every Carolina Hurricanes home game. The band has toured nationwide with groups such as Shinedown, Gin Blossoms, 38 Special, Better Than Ezra, Goo Goo Dolls and Buckcherry. As winners of a contest sponsored by Guitar Center, they also opened for KISS at a 2010 show in Raleigh. The band is known as an independent group, with members personally handling nearly every aspect of management. They formed their own production company and record label, Autumn Rain Records, Inc. in 2003. Benjamin Ray of popular music reviewing site \"The Daily Vault\" called the band \"one of the hardest-working indie bands in the country.” Airiel Down was formed in 2003 in Raleigh, North Carolina. Their name and logo were chosen as something that represents an aerial view looking down on the world, and the unique spelling was chosen to bring to light attention to detail as they toured the national club circuit. In 2006, after several years of live shows and touring, the band released their first album, \"Vision\", through their own record label, Autumn Rain Records. \"Vision\" was mastered by Greg Calbi of Sterling Sound. The album received very positive reviews upon release; critics like Benjamin Ray of \"The Daily Vault\" gave the album a B+ rating, calling it a \"very promising and enjoyable debut.\" Other reviewers, like Jayson Jones of HotIndieNews.com highlighted the \"simple yet effective lyrics\" and the song structures, reminiscent of classic rock. Both reviewers noted the blending of several styles of alternative and rock music. \"Shine\", the band's second album, was recorded between two general dates and released in 2009. Like \"Vision\", it was recorded there and mastered by Calbi, but it produced several more notable songs. \"Gorilla,\" the album's opening track, was written about gorilla conservation. Its music video was rendered using 3D animation and showed numerous jungle animals taking a stand against human development. \"Air\" was the official theme song of the Olympic Park and Olympic Village at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. This provided huge exposure for the band, as hundreds of thousands of visitors and athletes from over eighty countries heard the song throughout the Olympic Games. The album also included perhaps the band's most well-known song, Hurricane Warning. The song, which is played at every Carolina Hurricanes home game in the RBC Center, had its origins in the 1990s and was inspired by the storms that North Carolinians are frequently forced to endure, specifically Hurricane Fran. In a 2010 interview with Social The Magazine, Foy stated that \"It made it onto an album, and [the Hurricanes] heard it, loved it, and asked to use it. Of course we said yes, and then offered to do them one better, and so we cut a new version with 'Carolina Hurricanes' in the lyrics, just for the team. We licensed the song to Fox Sports, and it’s played on TV regularly.\" The music video for their song \"Black Flag\" made history, as it was filmed entirely on an aircraft carrier at sea. The video was shot on board the USS George H. W. Bush while at sea and featured the band playing on the flight deck with different aircraft flying close by. A second video showed various clips of the band and featured an acoustic version of the song. In 2010, the band entered the Guitar Center Onstage: KISS Contest. Winners would be given the opportunity to open for the band at one show in their own hometown. Airiel Down was one of twenty-two bands selected as winners, and, on August 29, 2010, performed four songs live at the Time Warner Cable Music Pavilion in Raleigh as part of The Hottest Show on Earth Tour. In a testament to the band's hard work and dedication to the military, the United Service Organization of North Carolina awarded frontman Beaux Foy with North Carolina's first Heart of a Patriot award. The award, which was received in October 2011, recognized both the band's work ethic and their commitment to giving back. John Falkenbury, USO of North Carolina President said that “Beaux is determined, passionate, has an understanding of community and is committed to giving back. While his passion is music, his mission is to serve and give back to those that sacrifice for our freedom.” The award has also been given to actors Gary Sinise and Karri Turner in Illinois, along with many other USO supporters. Foy himself said that, “It’s an honor to be recognized with the Heart of a Patriot Award, but really, what we do is small in comparison. I am deeply honored to be recognized and I look forward to representing USO of North Carolina in the best way I know how.” In 2010, music videos from the album \"Shine\" also won several AVA Video Awards, which recognize “excellence in audio and visual production.” “Silhouette,” “Hurricane Warning,” and “Gorilla” all won platinum awards, while “Quick” and “Air” won gold awards. Airiel Down Airiel Down is an American"
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"José Lladó Fernández-Urrutia Son of the President of the Bank Urquijo - Juan Lladó Sanchez - and grandson of the republican deputy Jose Lladó Vallés, he took a doctor's degree in Chemical Sciences at the University of Madrid. He is a Member of Honor of the American Chemical Society. He was executive President of the CSIC. In addition, he was appointed in 1976 Minister of Commerce and then, in 1977 Minister of Transport and Communications. Later, in 1979 he was Ambassador of Spain in the United States. He was the first President of the Royal Patronage of the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía. He is the President of the INCIPE Foundation, President of the Jury of the Arts Award of the Prince of Asturias Awards since 1991 and President of the Xavier Zubiri Foundation. He has been a member of the Board of the Trustees of important Spanish companies, and he is President - Founder and principal shareholder of Tecnicas Reunidas. He has five children from Pilar Arburua, Pilar, Juan (married to Susana Álvarez Salas), María, José Manuel (married to Marta Tiagonce) and Marta (married to Carlos Romero (son of the count of Fontao)). José Lladó Fernández-Urrutia Son"
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"Album-oriented rock Album-oriented rock (abbreviated AOR) is an American FM radio format focusing on album tracks by rock artists. AOR evolved from progressive rock radio in the mid-1970s, using research and formal programming to create an album rock format with greater commercial appeal. The roots of the album-oriented rock radio format began with programming concepts rooted in 1960s idealism. The freeform and progressive formats developed the repertoire and set the tone that would dominate AOR playlists for much of its heyday. In July 1964, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) adopted a non-duplication rule prohibiting FM radio stations from merely running a simulcast of the programming from their AM counterparts. Owners of AM/FM affiliate stations fought these new regulations vigorously, delaying enactment of the new rules until January 1, 1967. When finally enacted, station owners were pressed to come up with alternative programming options. The freeform format in commercial radio was born out of the desire to program the FM airwaves inexpensively. Programmers like Tom Donahue at KMPX in San Francisco developed stations where DJs had freedom to play long sets of music, often covering a variety of genres. Songs were not limited to hits or singles; indeed the DJs often played obscure or longer tracks by newer or more adventurous artists than heard on Top 40 stations of the day. This reflected the growth of albums as opposed to singles as rock's main artistic vehicle for expression in the 1960s and 1970s. With a few exceptions, commercial freeform had a relatively brief life. With more and more listeners acquiring FM radios, the stakes became higher for stations to attract market share so that they could sell more advertising at a higher rate. By 1970 many of the stations were moving to institute programming rules with a \"clock\" and system of \"rotation\". With this shift, stations' formats in the early 1970s were now billed as progressive. DJs still had much input over the music they played, and the selection was deep and eclectic, ranging from folk to hard rock with other styles such as jazz fusion occasionally thrown in. In October 1971, WPLJ in New York began to shift its free-form progressive rock format into a more tightly formatted hit oriented rock format, similar to what would later become known as album-oriented rock. WPLJ's parent company ABC installed similar formats on all of its FM stations including KLOS in Los Angeles and WRIF in Detroit. In 1973 Lee Abrams, formerly at WRIF, successfully installed a similar format, later known as SuperStars, at WQDR in Raleigh, North Carolina. In 1972, Ron Jacobs, program director at KGB-FM in San Diego, began using detailed listener research and expanded playlists in shifting the top 40 station towards a progressive rock format. Meanwhile, at competing station KPRI, program director Mike Harrison was similarly applying top 40 concepts to the progressive format which he dubbed \"album-oriented rock.\" In the mid-1970s, as program directors began to put more controls over what songs were played on air, progressive stations evolved into the album-oriented rock format. Stations still played longer songs and deep album tracks (rather than just singles), but program directors and consultants took on a greater role in song selection, generally limiting airplay to just a few \"focus tracks\" from a particular album and concentrating on artists with a more slickly produced \"commercial\" sound than what had been featured a few years earlier. Noted DJ \"Kid Leo\" Travagliante of influential station WMMS in Cleveland observed the changes in a 1975 interview: \"I think the '60s are ending about now. Now we are really starting the '70s. The emphasis is shifting back to entertainment instead of being 'relevant'...In fact, I wouldn't call our station progressive radio. That's outdated. I call it radio. But I heard a good word in the trades, AOR. That's Album-Oriented Rock. That's a name for the '70s.\" Radio consultants Kent Burkhart and Lee Abrams had a significant impact on AOR programming. Beginning in the mid-1970s they began contracting with what would become over 100 stations by the 1980s. Lee Abrams had developed a format called SuperStars, pioneering it at WQDR, and had been very successful in delivering high ratings. The SuperStars format was based on extensive research and focused on the most popular artists such as Fleetwood Mac and the Eagles and also included older material by those artists. While his SuperStars format was not quite as tight as Top 40 radio, it was considerably more restricted than freeform or progressive radio. Their firm advised program directors for a substantial segment of AOR stations all over the US. This might be considered somewhat ironic, considering that the format's origins were based on a free-form approach without playlists. Despite the tighter playlists, most AOR stations had a fairly wide scope of music featuring Linda Ronstadt and James Taylor along with Led Zeppelin and the Stones. Many stations played some jazz and R & B like Stevie Wonder. By the late 1970s, AOR radio discarded the wide range of genres embraced earlier on to focus on a more narrowly defined rock sound. The occasional folk, jazz, and blues selections became rarer and most black artists were effectively eliminated from airplay. Whereas earlier soul, funk, and R&B artists like Stevie Wonder, War, Sly Stone and others had been championed by the format, AOR was no longer representing these styles, and took a stance against disco. In 1979, Steve Dahl of WLUP in Chicago destroyed disco records on his radio show, culminating in the notorious Disco Demolition Night at Comiskey Park. What links the freeform, progressive, and AOR formats (and, later, the classic rock format) are the continuity of rock artists and songs carried through each phase. Programmers and DJs of the freeform and progressive phases continued to cultivate a repertoire of rock music and style of delivery that were foundations of AOR and classic rock radio. Those AOR stations, which decided to stay \"demographically-rooted\", became classic rock stations by eschewing newer bands and styles which their older listeners might tune out. Those that did not fully evolve into classic rock generally attempted to hold on to their older listeners through careful dayparting, playing large amounts of classic rock during the 9–5 workday shift while newer, more adventurous material was \"baked into the mix\" at night when the listener base skewed younger. Most radio formats are based on a select, tight rotation of hit singles. The best example is Top 40, though other formats, like country, smooth jazz, and urban all utilize the same basic principles, with the most popular songs repeating every two to six hours, depending on their rank in the rotation. Generally there is a strict order or list to be followed and the DJ does not make decisions about what selections are played. AOR, while still based on the rotation concept, focused on the album as a whole (rather than singles). In the early 1970s many DJs had the freedom to choose which track(s) to play off a given album—as well as latitude to decide in what order to play the records. Consequently, AOR radio gave mainstream exposure to album tracks that never became hits on the record charts that were limited to singles; \"Billboard\", for instance, did not establish an airplay chart for album tracks until 1981. Later in the 1970s AOR formats became tighter and song selection shifted to the program director or music director, rather than the DJ. Still, when an AOR station added an album to rotation they would often focus on numerous tracks at once, rather than playing the singles as they were individually released. As many AOR began playing less new music in the mid to late 80s, the core repertoire of AOR became that of the classic rock format. Still many stations continued to mix the new and the old well in",
"well as latitude to decide in what order to play the records. Consequently, AOR radio gave mainstream exposure to album tracks that never became hits on the record charts that were limited to singles; \"Billboard\", for instance, did not establish an airplay chart for album tracks until 1981. Later in the 1970s AOR formats became tighter and song selection shifted to the program director or music director, rather than the DJ. Still, when an AOR station added an album to rotation they would often focus on numerous tracks at once, rather than playing the singles as they were individually released. As many AOR began playing less new music in the mid to late 80s, the core repertoire of AOR became that of the classic rock format. Still many stations continued to mix the new and the old well in the 2000s and there are still some stations around the country that continue mixing classics with contemporary rock, although the concept of what is an album cut is fairly irrelevant in the streaming era. In the early 1980s, AOR radio was criticised for the lack of black artists included in their programming. AOR programmers responded that the lack of diversity was the result of increased specialization of radio formats driven by ratings and audience demographics. In 1983, the undeniable success of Michael Jackson's album \"Thriller\" led some AOR stations to soften their stance by adding Jackson's \"Beat It\", which featured Eddie Van Halen, to their playlists. At the same time, other black artists also made inroads into AOR radio—Prince's \"Little Red Corvette\", Eddy Grant's \"Electric Avenue\" and \"Beat It\" all debuted on \"Billboard\"'s Top Tracks chart the same week in April 1983, and through the remainder of the 1980s Jon Butcher, Tracy Chapman, Living Colour, Prince and Lenny Kravitz did manage to receive AOR airplay of varying magnitude. The phenomenal success of the album-oriented rock and the highly competitive battle for ratings likely contributed to the format splintering to reflect different stylistic perspectives. The 1980s saw some stations adding glam metal bands such as Mötley Crüe and Bon Jovi, while others embraced modern rock acts such as the Fixx, INXS and U2. But by the end of the decade, AOR stations were playing fewer and fewer new artists and the rise of grunge, alternative and hip-hop accelerated the fade-out of the album-oriented rock format. By the early 1990s many AOR radio stations switched exclusively to the classic rock format or segued to other current formats with somewhat of an AOR approach: Album-oriented rock Album-oriented rock (abbreviated AOR) is an American FM radio format focusing on"
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"Poppenberg Observation Tower Poppenberg Observation Tower ( \"Poppenberg Observation Tower\") is a steel German lattice observation tower that is used for observation, at the same time, for communication. It is a truss tower located in the summit of Poppenberg. It is one of the oldest steel lattice towers in Germany and was built in the year 1897. It was later on refurbished in 1994. The tower was built by the Nordhausen branch of the Harz Club. The tower was also named after Otto, Prince of Stolberg-Wernigerode. It has an antenna that is 33 metres long. The Poppenberg Observation Tower is situated on the 601 metre high mountain, Poppenberg, east of the village of Ilfeld, found in the free state of Thuringia. Its postal code is 99768. Poppenberg Observation Tower Poppenberg Observation Tower ( \"Poppenberg Observation Tower\") is a steel German lattice observation tower that is used for observation, at the same time, for communication. It is a truss tower located in the summit of Poppenberg. It is one of the oldest steel lattice towers in Germany and was built in the year 1897. It was later on refurbished in 1994. The tower was built by the Nordhausen branch of the"
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".275 H&H Magnum The .275 Holland & Holland Magnum is a semi-obsolete rifle cartridge similar to the 7mm Remington Magnum. Essentially the .275 Holland & Holland Magnum is a necked down shortened variant of the .375 Holland & Holland Magnum. It was introduced by the British company Holland & Holland with the .375 Holland & Holland Magnum that was introduced in 1912 as the \".375 Belted Rimless Nitro-Express\". The .375 Holland & Holland Magnum was intended for dangerous African game animals, while the .275 Holland & Holland Magnum was intended for longer range shooting of antelope in Africa and Red Stag in the highlands of Scotland. Aside from the belted case, the .275 H&H was very similar to the .276 Enfield cartridge of the Pattern 1913 Enfield rifle then under development by the British military to replace the Lee–Enfield. Cordite loadings gave both cartridges a reputation for unpleasant muzzle flash and short barrel life. Western Cartridge Company offered United States loadings of the .275 H&H Magnum in 1925 with the .300 H&H and the .375 H&H. The .275 H&H was omitted when Winchester Repeating Arms Company started chambering their Winchester Model 70 rifle for the other two in 1937. The .275 H&H offered little ballistic advantage over the .270 Winchester with contemporary smokeless powders. U.S. ammunition production ceased during 1939. Following World War II, independent gunsmiths in the United States began exploring the ballistic possibilities of military surplus IMR 4831 powder salvaged from Oerlikon 20mm cannon cartridges and marketed by Hodgdon Powder Company. The long range ballistics of wildcat cartridges resulted in commercial availability of the 7×61mm Sharpe & Hart in 1953, and the 7mm Remington Magnum in 1962. The .275 H&H had been a cartridge ahead of its time. Holland & Holland continue to supply factory loaded .275 ammunition and the cartridge is occasionally chambered in custom made modern \"classic\" rifles. 275 H&H enthusiasts have noted that the distinctive \"H&H taper\" of the case offers some advantages over the 7×61mm and 7mm Rem mag. Namely, more reliable and smoother feeding in bolt-action rifles, and more compact stacking in a box magazine allowing longer overall length of cartridge. With modern powders, the 275 H&H can be handloaded to equal any of the currently available 7mm Magnum chamberings, up to 2.5\"(63mm) case length. Correctly headstamped empty brass cases are made by Quality Cartridge Co. USA. .275 H&H Magnum The .275 Holland"
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"In a Time Lapse In a Time Lapse is a studio album by Italian composer Ludovico Einaudi released on . Two days before the release, on 19 January, Einaudi played live from his home in Milan solo arrangements of some of the music from \"In a Time Lapse\" through his official YouTube channel. \"In a Time Lapse\" has received overwhelmingly positive reviews from music critics. According to a Classic FM review, \"The Italian composer strikes gold once more with a haunting combination of dreamlike piano tunes and busy orchestral soundscapes.\" The CD Critic put forth that In a Time Lapse is \"gorgeously ambient.\" \"The Independent\" was mesmerized by the \"trancelike wave motion of tracks like 'Corale' and 'Run'\", while also commenting on Einaudi's talent, saying that \"there's a deeply satisfying emotional logic to his piano-based progressions that makes him as much the inheritor of Chopin and Satie as minimalists such as Glass and Reich.\" In a Time Lapse In a Time Lapse is a studio album by Italian composer Ludovico Einaudi released on . Two days before the release, on 19 January, Einaudi played live from his home in Milan solo arrangements of some of the music from \"In a"
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"Frida – The DVD Frida – The DVD is a Swedish documentary film that covers the singing career of Anni-Frid Lyngstad, also known as Frida, one of the four members of Swedish pop group ABBA on her life from her beginning days as a dansband singer, to her ABBA years, and to her post-ABBA years. Produced by interviewer Mats Jankell, the DVD was released by Universal on 5 December 2005. Producer Mats Jankell's interview with Anni-Frid Lyngstad was filmed on 22 July 2005, in the Swiss restaurant, Chez Vrony, at Zermatt, Switzerland, accompanied with the background of the Matterhorn. Frida reminisces about her entire career, her private life, her audience, her friends and about the person she is today. From her television debut in 1967 with \"En Ledig Dag\" (A Day Off), to the television performances she made in Germany, in 2004, performing \"The Sun Will Shine Again\", together with keyboardist Jon Lord of the English hard rock group, Deep Purple. Frida describes her singing technique, stage performances, and studio work. She explains how songs were recorded and performed. In the accompanying clips, there are rare footages that show Lyngstad sings jazz and schlager numbers, recorded for Sveriges Television (SVT). Frida also speaks about ABBA, and how she and Agnetha Fältskog developed as singers, as ABBA's recordings grew more and more complex over the years. A one-hour TV-documentary about the recording and making of the album \"Something's Going On\" is included in this DVD. SVT filmed the whole recording process from day one in the studio to the release party, when the album was completed. This program includes interviews with Lyngstad, producer, and drummer Phil Collins, ABBA colleagues Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson, as well as most of the musicians that contributed and took part in the recording. The DVD also contains other promotional clips of Frida in her international solo period, after ABBA informally disbanded in 1982, and a television documentary about the making and recording of her 1996 album \"Djupa andetag\" (\"Deep Breaths\"), produced by Anders Glenmark, titled \"Frida – mitt i livet\" (Frida – Middle of Life).The television documentary includes studio footage, behind the scenes of the music video of the single \"Även En Blomma\" (\"Even a flower\"), and the filming of Frida in her Spanish house in Mallorca, where the photo sessions of \"Djupa andetag\" were taken at. Frida – The DVD Frida – The DVD"
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"Universal Records (1988 record label) Universal Records was an American country music record label. Established in 1988 by Jimmy Bowen, it was merged into Capitol Records Nashville in 1989. Record producer Jimmy Bowen established the Universal label in December 1988. It was distributed by MCA Nashville, and featured its own team of producers, promotion, and artists and repertoire (A&R). The label's roster at foundation consisted of Joe Barnhill, Lacy J. Dalton, Larry Gatlin and the Gatlin Brothers, Joni Harms, Tim Malchak, Scott McQuaig, Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, Carl Perkins, Eddie Rabbitt, Eddy Raven, and Roger Whittaker. Dalton's \"Survivor\" was issued in January 1989 as the label's inaugural album. Nitty Gritty Dirt Band also issued \"\" through the label. In July 1989, Bowen announced that Universal would be the first Nashville label not to issue phonograph records. A September 1989 article in \"Billboard\" described the label as \"fledgling\" and noted that projects by John Anderson, Wild Rose, and other artists had been delayed. Bowen dissolved the Universal label in December 1989, and its entire roster was merged into Capitol Records Nashville when Bowen assumed presidency of that division. Universal Records (1988 record label) Universal Records was an American country music record"
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"Albert Fogarty Albert Preston Fogarty (b. June 25, 1940) is a former educator and political figure on Prince Edward Island. He represented 1st Kings in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1979 to 1993 as a Conservative. He was born in Cardigan, Prince Edward Island, the son of James Wilfred Fogarty and Julia Morrison, and was educated at Saint Dunstan's University, the University of New Brunswick and Saint Francis Xavier University. In 1963, he married Judith Diane McCabe. He was a high school teacher and principal. Fogarty served as president of the Prince Edward Island Teachers' Federation from 1969 to 1970. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the provincial assembly in 1974. He served in the provincial cabinet at Minister of Health and Social Services from 1981 to 1986. Fogarty was Superintendent of Education for the province from 1993 to 1994. In 1997, he became executive director of the adult and community education institute at Holland College, retiring in 2001. Fogarty was a contributor to \"Minding the House: A Biographical Guide to Prince Edward Island MLAs\". Albert Fogarty Albert Preston Fogarty (b. June 25, 1940) is a former educator and political figure on Prince Edward Island. He"
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"The Inner Light (song) \"The Inner Light\" is a song by the English rock group the Beatles, written by George Harrison. It was released on a non-album single in March 1968, as the B-side to \"Lady Madonna\". The song was the first Harrison composition to be issued on a Beatles single and reflects the band's embrace of Transcendental Meditation, which they were studying in India under Maharishi Mahesh Yogi at the time of the single's release. After \"Love You To\" and \"Within You Without You\", it was the last of Harrison's three songs from the Beatles era that demonstrate an overt Indian classical influence and are styled as Indian pieces. The lyrics are a rendering of a poem from the Taoist \"Tao Te Ching\", which he set to music on the recommendation of Juan Mascaró, a Sanskrit scholar who had translated the passage in his 1958 book \"Lamps of Fire\". Harrison recorded the instrumental track for \"The Inner Light\" in Bombay in January 1968, during the sessions for his \"Wonderwall Music\" soundtrack album. It is the only Beatles studio recording to be made outside Europe and introduced Indian instruments such as sarod, shehnai and pakhavaj to the band's sound. The musicians on the track include Aashish Khan, Hanuman Jadev and Hariprasad Chaurasia. Aside from Harrison's lead vocal, recorded in London, the Beatles' only contribution came in the form of group backing vocals over the song's final line. In the decade following its release, the song became a comparative rarity among the band's recordings; it has subsequently appeared on compilation albums such as \"Rarities\", \"Past Masters, Volume Two\" and \"Mono Masters\". \"The Inner Light\" has received praise from several music critics and musicologists for its melodic qualities and its evocation of the meditation experience. Jeff Lynne and Anoushka Shankar performed the song at the Concert for George tribute in November 2002, a year after Harrison's death. An alternative take of the 1968 instrumental track was released in 2014 on the remastered \"Wonderwall Music\" CD. Screenwriter Morgan Gendel named a of the television series \"\" as an homage to the song. In his autobiography, \"I, Me, Mine\", George Harrison recalls that he was inspired to write \"The Inner Light\" by Juan Mascaró, a Sanskrit scholar at Cambridge University. Mascaró had taken part in a debate, televised on \"The Frost Programme\" on 4 October 1967, during which Harrison and John Lennon discussed the merits of Transcendental Meditation with an audience of academics and religious leaders. In a subsequent letter to Harrison, dated 16 November, Mascaró expressed the hope that they might meet again before the Beatles departed for India, where the group were to study meditation with their guru, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. Mascaró enclosed a copy of his book \"Lamps of Fire\", an anthology of religious writings, including from Lao-Tzu's \"Tao Te Ching\". Having stated his admiration for the spiritual message in Harrison's composition \"Within You Without You\", Mascaró enquired: \"might it not be interesting to put into your music a few words of Tao, for example no. 48, page 66 of \"Lamps\"?\" Harrison wrote the song during a period when he had undertaken his first musical project outside the Beatles, composing the soundtrack to the Joe Massot-directed film \"Wonderwall\", and continued to study the Indian sitar, partly under the tutelage of Ravi Shankar. When writing \"The Inner Light\", he made minimal alterations to the translated Lao-Tzu text and used the same title that Mascaró had used. In \"I, Me, Mine\", Harrison says of the changes required to create his second verse: In the original poem, the verse says \"Without going out of \"my\" door, \"I\" can know the ways of heaven.\" And so to prevent any misinterpretations – and also to make the song a bit longer – I did repeat that as a second verse but made it: \"Without going out of your door / You can know all things on earth / Without looking out of your window / You can know the ways of heaven\" – so that it included everybody. After \"Within You Without You\", \"The Inner Light\" was the second composition to fully reflect Harrison's immersion in Eastern spiritual concepts, particularly meditation, an interest that had spread to his Beatles bandmates and to the group's audience and peers. The lyrics espouse meditation as a means to genuine understanding. Theologian Dale Allison describes the song as a \"hymn\" to quietism and comments that, in their attempt to \"relativize and disparage knowledge of the external world\", the words convey Harrison's enduring worldview. Author John Winn notes that Harrison had pre-empted the message of \"The Inner Light\" in an August 1967 interview, when he told New York DJ Murray Kaufman: \"The more you learn, the more you know that you don't know anything at all.\" Writing in his study of Harrison's musical career, Ian Inglis similarly identifies a precedent in the song \"It's All Too Much\", where Harrison sings: \"The more I learn, the less I know.\" \"The Inner Light\" was Harrison's third song in the Indian musical genre, after \"Love You To\" and \"Within You Without You\". While those earlier songs had followed the Hindustani (North Indian) system of Indian classical music, as sitar- and tabla-based compositions, \"The Inner Light\" is closer in style to the Carnatic (or South Indian) temple music tradition. Harrison's progression within the genre reflected his concept for the \"Wonderwall\" soundtrack – namely, that the assignment allowed him to create an \"anthology\" of Indian music and present a diverse range of styles and instrumentation.<ref name=\"White/Musician p 56\"></ref> The composition is structured into three instrumental passages separated by two sections of verse. The buoyant mood of the instrumental sections – set to what author Peter Lavezzoli describes as \"a raucous 4/4 rhythm\" – contrasts with the gentle, meditative portions containing the verses. The contrast is reflected in the lead instruments that Harrison would use on the recording: whereas sarod and shehnai, supported by pakhavaj, are prominent during the musical passages, the softer-sounding bansuri (bamboo flute) and harmonium accompany the singing over the verses, as the sarod provides a response to each line of the vocal. In the last instrumental section, Harrison incorporates the conclusion of Lao-Tzu's poem, beginning with the line \"Arrive without travelling\". The melody conforms to the pitches of Mixolydian mode, or its Indian equivalent, the Khamaj thaat. Musicologist Dominic Pedler writes that the tune features unusual tritone intervals, which, together with the musical arrangement, ensure that the song is far removed from standard \"pop tunes\". In a further departure from Harrison's previous forays into Indian music, both of which made extensive use of single-chord drone, the melody allows for formal chord changes: over the verses, the dominant E major alternates with F minor, before a move to A over the line \"The farther one travels the less one knows\". In the opening words (\"Without going out\"), the melody uses what Pedler terms a \"hauntingly modal\" G-B-D tritone progression as, within the song's tonic key (of E), the 3rd note heads towards the flat 7th. Musicologist Walter Everett likens this ascending arpeggiation of the diminished triad to a melodic feature in \"Within You Without You\" (over that song's recurring phrase \"We were talking\"). \"The Inner Light\" is an example of Harrison creating ambiguity about the tonic key, a technique that Pedler recognises as a characteristic of Harrison's spiritually oriented songwriting. Having used London-based Indian musicians from the Asian Music Circle on \"Love You To\" and \"Within You Without You\", Harrison recorded \"The Inner Light\" in India with some of the country's foremost contemporary classical players. In early January 1968, he travelled to HMV Studios in Bombay to record part of the score for \"Wonderwall\", much of which would appear on his debut solo album, \"Wonderwall Music\". The day",
"7th. Musicologist Walter Everett likens this ascending arpeggiation of the diminished triad to a melodic feature in \"Within You Without You\" (over that song's recurring phrase \"We were talking\"). \"The Inner Light\" is an example of Harrison creating ambiguity about the tonic key, a technique that Pedler recognises as a characteristic of Harrison's spiritually oriented songwriting. Having used London-based Indian musicians from the Asian Music Circle on \"Love You To\" and \"Within You Without You\", Harrison recorded \"The Inner Light\" in India with some of the country's foremost contemporary classical players. In early January 1968, he travelled to HMV Studios in Bombay to record part of the score for \"Wonderwall\", much of which would appear on his debut solo album, \"Wonderwall Music\". The day after completing the soundtrack recordings, on 13 January, Harrison taped additional pieces for possible later use, one of which was the instrumental track for \"The Inner Light\". Five takes of the song were recorded on a two-track recorder. The musicians at the sessions were recruited by Shambhu Das, who had assisted in Harrison's sitar tuition on his previous visit to Bombay, in 1966, and Vijay Dubey, the head of A&R for HMV Records in India. The line-up on the track was Aashish Khan (sarod), Mahapurush Misra (pakhavaj), Hanuman Jadev (shehnai), Hariprasad Chaurasia (bansuri) and Rijram Desad (harmonium). In Lavezzoli's estimation, although these instruments are more commonly associated with the Hindustani discipline, the performers play them in a South Indian style, which adds to the Carnatic identity of the song. The recording features tabla tarang over the quiet, vocal interludes. Author Simon Leng refutes the presence of the oboe-like shehnai, however, saying that this part was played on an esraj, a bow-played string instrument. As with the \"Wonderwall\" selections recorded at HMV, Harrison directed the musicians but did not perform on the instrumental track. Harrison completed the song in London during sessions for a new Beatles single, which was intended to cover their absence while the group were in Rishikesh, India, with the Maharishi. Once the Bombay recording had been transferred to four-track tape, Harrison recorded his vocal part for \"The Inner Light\" on 6 February, at EMI Studios (now Abbey Road Studios). Lacking confidence in his ability to sing in so high a register, he had to be coaxed by Lennon and Paul McCartney into delivering the requisite performance. Two days later, McCartney and Lennon overdubbed backing vocals at the very end of the song, over the words \"Do all without doing\". \"The Inner Light\" was held in high regard by Harrison's bandmates, particularly McCartney, and was selected as the B-side for the forthcoming single.<ref name=\"Fontenot/About\"></ref> It was the first Harrison composition to appear on a Beatles single, in addition to being the only Beatles studio recording made outside Europe. Everett writes that Lennon's admiration for the track was evident from his subsequent creation of the song \"Julia\" through \"a very parallel process\" – in that instance, by adapting a work by Kahlil Gibran. Although Harrison had served as the producer at the Bombay session, only George Martin received a production credit for \"The Inner Light\". The song was issued as the B-side of \"Lady Madonna\" on 15 March 1968 in the UK, with the US release following three days later. While Chris Welch of \"Melody Maker\" expressed doubts about the hit potential of the A-side, \"Billboard\" magazine commented on the aptness of \"The Inner Light\", given the band's concurrent \"meditation spell\". \"Cash Box\"s reviewer wrote: \"Lyrics from the transcendental meditation school and near-Eastern orchestrations on a very interesting coupler that could show sales as strong as ['Lady Madonna'].\" In America, the song charted independently on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 for one week, placing at number 96. In Australia, it was listed with \"Lady Madonna\", as a double A-side, when the single topped the \"Go-Set\" national chart. In the description of author and critic David Quantick, whereas \"Lady Madonna\" represented a departure from the Beatles' psychedelic productions of the previous year, \"The Inner Light\" was an \"accurate indication\" of the group's mindset in Rishikesh. Paul Saltzman, a Canadian film-maker who had been inspired by the Beatles' adoption of Indian musical and philosophical themes, joined the band at the Maharishi's ashram and recalls hearing the song there for the first time. He said he found Harrison's perspective on meditation profoundly moving,<ref name=\"Kilachand/LiveMint\"></ref> particularly when Harrison told him that, while the Beatles had achieved wealth and fame in abundance, \"It isn't love. It isn't health. It isn't peace inside, is it?\" The Beatles' 1968 visit to Rishikesh resulted in a surge of interest in Indian culture and spirituality among Western youth, but it also marked the end of the band's overtly Indian phase. From June that year, Harrison abandoned his efforts to master the sitar and returned to the guitar as his principal instrument. In an interview in September, Harrison discussed his renewed interest in rock music and described \"The Inner Light\" as \"one of my precious things\". Author Nicholas Schaffner wrote in 1977 that \"The Inner Light\" \"proved to be the best – and last\" example of Harrison directly incorporating Indian music into the Beatles' work. Schaffner paired it with \"Within You Without You\" as raga rock songs that \"feature haunting, exquisitely lovely melodies\", and as two pieces that could have been among Harrison's \"greatest achievements\" had they been made with his bandmates' participation. Bruce Eder of AllMusic describes the same tracks as \"a pair of beautiful songs … that were effectively solo recordings\". Ian MacDonald likens the song's \"studied innocence and exotic sweetness\" to recordings by the Incredible String Band and concludes: \"'The Inner Light' is both spirited and charming – one of its author's most attractive pieces.\" Writing for \"Mojo\" magazine in 2003, John Harris similarly admired it as Harrison's \"loveliest addition of Indian music to The Beatles' repertoire\". In Ian Inglis' view: \"it is the extraordinary synthesis of separate musical and lyrical traditions (in this case, Indian instrumentation, Chinese philosophy, and Western popular music) that distinguishes the song. Harrison's uncharacteristically warm vocal weaves in and around the delicate, almost fragile, melody to deliver a simple testimony to the power of meditation ...\" With regard to the song's influence, Inglis recognises Harrison's espousal of Eastern spirituality as \"a serious and important development that reflected popular music's increasing maturity\", and a statement that prepared rock audiences for later religious pronouncements by Pete Townshend, Carlos Santana, John McLaughlin, Cat Stevens and Bob Dylan. Nick DeRiso of the music website Something Else! considers \"The Inner Light\" to be one of its composer's \"most successful marriages of raga and rock\" and, through Harrison's introduction of instruments such as sarod, shehnai and pakhavaj, a key recording in the evolution of the 1980s world music genre. While admiring the song's transcendent qualities, Everett quotes the ethnomusicologist David Reck, who wrote in 1988: \"Most memorable is the sheer simplicity and straightforwardness of the haunting modal melody, somehow capturing perfectly the mood and truth and aphoristic essence of the lyrics.\" A stereo mix of \"The Inner Light\" was created at Abbey Road on 27 January 1970 for what Beatles recording historian Mark Lewisohn terms \"some indefinable future use\". On this later mix, the opening instrumental section differs slightly from that on the original, mono version. Following its initial release in 1968, \"The Inner Light\" became one of the rarest Beatles recordings.<ref name=\"Unterberger/AM\"></ref> Although it appeared on \"Por Siempre",
"in the evolution of the 1980s world music genre. While admiring the song's transcendent qualities, Everett quotes the ethnomusicologist David Reck, who wrote in 1988: \"Most memorable is the sheer simplicity and straightforwardness of the haunting modal melody, somehow capturing perfectly the mood and truth and aphoristic essence of the lyrics.\" A stereo mix of \"The Inner Light\" was created at Abbey Road on 27 January 1970 for what Beatles recording historian Mark Lewisohn terms \"some indefinable future use\". On this later mix, the opening instrumental section differs slightly from that on the original, mono version. Following its initial release in 1968, \"The Inner Light\" became one of the rarest Beatles recordings.<ref name=\"Unterberger/AM\"></ref> Although it appeared on \"Por Siempre Beatles\", a 1971 Spanish compilation album, the song was not available on a British or American album until its inclusion on \"Rarities\", which was originally issued as a disc in the 1978 box set \"The Beatles Collection\" before receiving an independent UK release. The 1980 US compilation titled \"Rarities\" also featured \"The Inner Light\", again in its mono form. The stereo mix was first released as the opening track on a bonus EP, titled \"The Beatles\", issued in the UK in December 1981 as part of \"The Beatles EP Collection\". The song was issued on CD in 1988, in stereo, on \"Past Masters, Volume Two\". The mono mix was subsequently included on the Beatles' \"Mono Masters\" compilation. For the Beatles' 2006 remix album \"Love\", created for the Cirque du Soleil stage show, the song was segued onto the end of \"Here Comes the Sun\". This mashup begins with Harrison singing \"Here Comes the Sun\" over the tabla part from \"Within You, Without You\" and ends with Indian instrumentation from \"The Inner Light\". In 2014, an alternative instrumental take of the song was issued as a bonus track on Harrison's \"Wonderwall Music\" remastered CD. The recording begins with a short studio discussion,<ref name=\"DeRiso/SomethingElse\"></ref> as Harrison instructs the Bombay musicians. Having covered \"Within You Without You\" in 1967, the Soulful Strings included \"The Inner Light\" on their album \"Another Exposure\" the following year. Junior Parker recorded the song, releasing a version on his 1971 album with Jimmy McGriff, \"The Dudes Doin' Business\". Later in the 1970s, the song's title was appropriated for one of the first international Beatles fanzines. Jeff Lynne, who worked frequently with Harrison after the Beatles' break-up, sang \"The Inner Light\" at the Concert for George tribute, held at London's Royal Albert Hall on 29 November 2002, a year after the former Beatle's death. In what Simon Leng describes as \"a wonderfully eloquent duet\", Lynne performed the song with Anoushka Shankar, who played the original sarod part on sitar. Lynne and Shankar were accompanied by Harrison's son Dhani (on keyboards and backing vocals) and an ensemble of Indian musicians that included percussionist Tanmoy Bose (on dholak), Rajendra Prasanna (shehnai) and Sunil Gupta (flute). The song appeared partway through the concert's opening, Indian music segment, which was performed by Shankar and otherwise composed by her father, Ravi Shankar, who had continued to be Harrison's friend and mentor until his death. Inglis comments that, in its context at the Concert for George, \"['The Inner Light'] does not appear at all out of place among the Indian folk and classical compositions that surround it.\" Reviewing the \"Concert for George\" film for \"The Guardian\", James Griffiths admired Lynne's reading of the song as a \"particularly sublime version\". In June 1992, the American television series \"\" aired an episode titled \"\", which went on to win the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation. The plot centres around the show's main character, Captain Jean-Luc Picard, temporarily living in a dream-like state on an unfamiliar planet, during which decades elapse relative to a few minutes in reality.<ref name=\"StarTrek/InnerLight\"></ref> An avowed fan of the Beatles, screenwriter Morgan Gendel titled the episode after Harrison's song. In an email to the \"Star Trek\" blog site Soul of Star Trek, Nick Sagan, another of the show's screenwriters, suggested that the song's lyrics express the \"ability to experience many things without actually going anywhere – and that's what happens to Picard\". In his subsequent post on the same site, Gendel confirmed this similarity, saying that the Beatles track \"captured the theme of the show: that Picard experienced a lifetime of memories all in his head\". When discussing the episode on the official \"Star Trek\" website in 2013, Gendel concluded: \"If you Google 'Inner Light + song' you’ll get the Beatles tune and an acknowledgment of my \"TNG\" homage to it back-to-back … that might be the best gift my authorship of this episode has given me.\" According to Peter Lavezzoli and Kenneth Womack: The Inner Light (song) \"The Inner Light\" is a song by the English rock group the Beatles, written by George Harrison. It was released on a non-album single in March 1968, as the"
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"Gmina Czyżew Gmina Czyżew is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Czyżew, which lies approximately south-west of Wysokie Mazowieckie and south-west of the regional capital Białystok. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 6,653. Prior to 2011 it was a rural gmina and was called Gmina Czyżew-Osada, with its seat in the village of Czyżew-Osada (now part of the town of Czyżew, which was created on 1 January 2011). Apart from the town of Czyżew, the gmina contains the villages and settlements of Brulino-Koski, Brulino-Piwki, Czyżew Kościelny, Czyżew Ruś-Kolonia, Czyżew Ruś-Wieś, Czyżew-Chrapki, Czyżew-Pociejewo, Czyżew-Siedliska, Czyżew-Sutki, Dąbrowa Wielka, Dąbrowa-Cherubiny, Dąbrowa-Kity, Dąbrowa-Michałki, Dąbrowa-Nowa Wieś, Dąbrowa-Szatanki, Dmochy-Glinki, Dmochy-Mrozy, Dmochy-Rodzonki, Dmochy-Wochy, Dmochy-Wypychy, Godlewo-Kolonia, Godlewo-Piętaki, Jaźwiny-Koczoty, Kaczyn-Herbasy, Krzeczkowo-Gromadzyn, Krzeczkowo-Mianowskie, Krzeczkowo-Nowe Bieńki, Krzeczkowo-Stare Bieńki, Krzeczkowo-Szepielaki, Michałowo Wielkie, Ołdaki-Magna Brok, Rosochate Kościelne, Rosochate Nartołty, Siennica-Klawy, Siennica-Lipusy, Siennica-Pietrasze, Siennica-Święchy, Siennica-Szymanki, Stare Zalesie, Stary Kaczyn, Stokowo-Szerszenie, Święck-Strumiany, Szulborze-Kozy, Zalesie-Stefanowo, Zaręby-Bindugi, Zaręby-Góry Leśne, Zaręby-Skórki and Zaręby-Święchy. Gmina Czyżew is bordered by the gminas of Andrzejewo, Boguty-Pianki, Klukowo, Nur, Szepietowo, Szulborze Wielkie, Wysokie Mazowieckie and Zambrów. <br> Gmina Czyżew Gmina Czyżew is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Wysokie"
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"Simply Eva Simply Eva is the eighth posthumous album by Eva Cassidy, released on 25 January 2011, fifteen years after her death in 1996. It's a collection of 11 acoustic tracks with Cassidy herself on the guitar and an a cappella version of \"I Know You By Heart\". The Blues Alley version of \"Over the Rainbow\", which was not included in the \"Live at Blues Alley\" album, is on this album. Digital downloads include the Christmas single \"Silent Night\" as a bonus track. \"Simply Eva\" hit #4 on the UK Charts on February 13, 2011, and was certified silver and gold on February 18, 2011. The album debuted at #52 on the Canadian Albums Chart. Simply Eva Simply Eva is the eighth posthumous album by Eva Cassidy, released on 25 January 2011, fifteen years after her death in 1996. It's a collection of 11 acoustic tracks with Cassidy herself on the guitar and an a cappella version of \"I Know You By Heart\". The Blues Alley version of \"Over the Rainbow\", which was not included in the \"Live at Blues Alley\" album, is on this album. Digital downloads include the Christmas single \"Silent Night\" as a bonus track. \"Simply Eva\""
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"Drag show A drag show is an entertainment which is performed by drag artists, both women and men. Many drag shows feature performers singing or lip-synching to songs while performing a pre-planned pantomime, or dancing. The performers often don elaborate costumes and makeup, and sometimes dress to imitate various famous opposite sex singers or personalities. And some events are centered around drag, such as Southern Decadence where the majority of festivities are led by the Grand Marshals, who are traditionally drag queens. Many drag performances have an agenda, whether it be through camp or comedy they often resist the hegemony by rejecting notions of heterosexism. Although drag performers are rejecting heterosexism they often times reinforce classism, racism, and sexism in their performances. The first instances of drag were well before drag shows began. In England and China in the 1500's women were not allowed to participate in drama or theater so the men impersonated females when acting on stage. In the Victorian period English actresses impersonated men in theater, and in America actresses like Anne Hindle also impersonated men in her performances. She had a low voice and shaved regularly to create an masculine appearance. The impersonation of the opposite sex was popular in theater and film until 1933 when the Hollywood Motion Picture Production Code was passed. This law or code was established to eliminate perversion which temporarily ended the era of male impersonation in film and theater. The first known drag balls of the United States were in Harlem in the 1920's, at the Rockland Palace. These shows are called balls and feature extravagant performances of gay's and lesbian's impersonating the opposite sex and competing against one another in fashion shows. It is important to note that Harlem drag balls were primarily people of color, white people were not excluded but did not typically participate. Drag balls were social event that brought people together who were on the margins of society and they often had to meet in secret. Women of the Harlem Renaissance like Gladys Bentley, a prominent Blues singer, regularly wore tuxedos and dressed in mens clothing while performing. Butch African American women constructed their own forms of masculinity inside and outside of Blues performances which set the stage for future performers in drag. It wasn't until about 50 years later that the term drag king was coined and performances started popping up across the United States. According to Elizabeth Ashburn, \"A drag king is anyone, regardless of gender or sexual preference or orientation, who consciously makes a performance of masculinity.\" Therefore drag performers of the drag king scene typically identify as women but some may be cisgender men or transgender men. During World War II, parody drag shows were also a regular kind of entertainment for soldiers who dressed up as humorous-looking women and put on shows for each other. Doc Benner, and Danny Brown produced the show which started in Miami, Florida at a gay bar known as Club Jewel Box. This show would go on to set the stage for the touring drag show known as the Jewel Box Revue. The Jewel Box Revue was the longest running drag show that performed from the 1940's until the 1970's across the United States. They had at least ten specific performances in their repertoire, which was helpful for shows that ran for longer periods of time at the same place.The show had their own music and dances that were composed and choreographed for performers, they also did comedy sketches and some stand-up performances. The revue was made up of a diverse group that included African Americans, Latinos, Native Americans, and whites, which was unusual for the times before the Civil Rights Movement. Many of the venues they performed at were part of the \"chitlin' circuit\", the Howard Theatre (Washington D.C.) , the Baltimore-Royal Theatre, Uptown Theatre (Philadelphia) and the Regal Theater in Chicago. In 1959 they began performing at The Apollo Theater in New York City and it was always a full house when they came to town. In the 1960's laws and regulations were put in place against cross-dressing and the Jewel Box Revue slowed down a bit. Although places like Los Angeles had bans in place they were still allowed to play at certain theaters. Ultimately the laws and regulations against cross-dressing made it difficult for the Jewel Box Revue to perform. In 1975, the Jewel Box Revue performed for the last time in a production at the Bijou Theater in New York City. In 1955 the Pearl Box Revue began it's performances in New York City. Pearl Box Revue was an all Black drag show that ran for twenty seven years until 1982. Dorian Corey was a performer in the Pearl Box Revue and also one of the drag queens in the documentary by Jennie Livingston known as \"Paris is Burning.\" Disposable Boy Toys (DBT) were a drag king group out of Santa Barbara, California. The group was started in May of 2000 and had 31 members, mostly white, queer and transgender, and were a feminist collective. Their performances were centered on dismantling racism, sexism, gender binaries, ideal bodies and even militarism and they mostly performed in queer spaces or progressive spaces for fundraising and marches Lip synching and dancing were regular components of their shows. DBT was known for performing at benefits to raise money for political and community causes. DBT disbanded in August of 2004, and although they did not officially break up they never performed together again. \"After Dark\" was a Swedish group founded in 1976 which performed for over 40 years, mostly in Sweden, but intermittantly also in the United States and Spain. Provincetown, Massachusetts is home to some of the most famous drag performers and in the summers months there are several performances on any given night. On July 24th 2018, Provincetown was home to the first ever Drag Camp, a camp for drag performers to hone in on their skills and perform for lives audiences. The camp lasted for two weeks (until August 4th 2018) and showcased famous drag performers. Jinkx Monsoon, Peaches Christ, and Raja were some of the most famous drag performers who attended Drag Camp and had their own workshops sessions on how to apply makeup, or comedic performance, amongst many others. The drag performances in Provincetown, also known as Ptown, are legendary, hence why Drag Camp landed there. Drag shows have become more popular with the documentary \"Paris is Burning,\" and shows like \"Rupaul's Drag Race.\" Films such as \"The Birdcage\" and \"Too Wong Fu, Thanks for Everything Julie Newmar\" have popularized drag culture too. These films along with Rupaul's Drag Race have a large heterosexual fanbase. A Drag Brunch is a type of drag show, in which drag kings and drag queens perform for an audience while the audience feasts on typical brunch foods and drinks. Although it is typically held at LGBTQ bars and nightclubs, restaurants have also become a popular site for drag brunches. Drag brunch is especially popular in urban centers with large gay populations, such as cities like New York City, Miami, Atlanta, Las Vegas, Quebec, and New Orleans. Drag historian and New York University professor, Joe E. Jeffreys, believes that drag brunch’s rise in popularity in recent years, is due to LGBTQ venues, such as Lucky Cheng’s, Lips NYC, and Club 82, that arose between the 1950s and 1990s. In an article titled \"The Importance of Drag Brunch in NYC\", Jeffery's claimed that these venues have the ability to expose people to drag, who might not have encountered it before. “[People] are able to sit at drag brunch and have a lovely spinach frittata and Bloody Mary while learning this lesson through observation. They start to understand that gender and drag aren't these scary things,” said Jeffreys. “It’s fun and festive like brunch can be.” In an articled titled \"Dragging Herself To Brunch,\" Shawn Bodey, also known by his",
"and New Orleans. Drag historian and New York University professor, Joe E. Jeffreys, believes that drag brunch’s rise in popularity in recent years, is due to LGBTQ venues, such as Lucky Cheng’s, Lips NYC, and Club 82, that arose between the 1950s and 1990s. In an article titled \"The Importance of Drag Brunch in NYC\", Jeffery's claimed that these venues have the ability to expose people to drag, who might not have encountered it before. “[People] are able to sit at drag brunch and have a lovely spinach frittata and Bloody Mary while learning this lesson through observation. They start to understand that gender and drag aren't these scary things,” said Jeffreys. “It’s fun and festive like brunch can be.” In an articled titled \"Dragging Herself To Brunch,\" Shawn Bodey, also known by his drag persona Robin Banks, describes drag brunch as dinner theater but for brunch. According to Bodey, dancing, singing and jokes about the gender binary, are some of the things one could expect to see at a drag brunch. In cities across the country gospel drag brunches are also becoming increasingly popular. The drag venue Lips, which is based in New York City but has locations across the country, first started gospel drag brunches in Fort Lauderdale, Florida in 2007. Other places, such as San Antonio, Texas, have also seen a rise in gospel drag brunches. In addition to food, drinks, and the usual performances one would expect to see at a drag brunch, gospel drag brunches also feature performers in choir robes doing renditions of classic gospel songs. In an article titled \"Lips Gospel Brunch: Drag for Jesus,\" gospel drag brunch performer Nicolette describes the event as \"cross-dressing for Jesus.\" Drag show A drag show is an entertainment which is performed by drag artists, both women and men. Many drag shows feature performers singing or lip-synching to"
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"Major League Baseball umpiring records The following include various records set by umpires in Major League Baseball. Leagues are abbreviated as follows: The following are those umpires who have officiated in at least 3,000 major league games through the 2016 season. Although the totals reflect all games umpired, the years indicate only those seasons in which each individual was employed as a league umpire, omitting seasons in which they may have acted as an emergency substitute during their playing career. Umpires who were active in 2015 are indicated in bold face; members of the Baseball Hall of Fame are indicated in \"italics\": T-#2 \"Bruce Froemming – 5,163 (NL, 1971–1999; ML, 2000–2007) & Joe West – 5,163 (NL, 1976–1999; MLB, 2002–present) The following are those umpires who have acted as home plate umpire, or umpire-in-chief, for at least 1,000 major league games through the 2015 season. Umpires who were active in 2015 are indicated in bold face; members of the Baseball Hall of Fame are indicated in \"italics\": The following are those umpires who have ejected more than 75 individuals (players/managers) in their career up through the 2013 season. Umpires who are active in 2017 are indicated in bold face; members of the Baseball Hall of Fame are indicated in \"italics\": In the postseason charts, crew chiefs are denoted by a † following the year. The position of crew chief was not as clearly established in the early years of the 20th century; for the purpose of this list, the crew chief for early World Series is defined as the home plate umpire for Game 1. The World Series has been played from 1903–present, except 1904 and 1994. The position of crew chief usually alternated between umpires of the American League and National League, with NL umpires serving as crew chief in odd-numbered years from 1903 through 1933 except for 1905, 1917 and 1923, and again from 1995 through 1999, and in even-numbered years in 1906, 1912, 1918 through 1922, and 1936 through 1992. After the AL and NL staffs were merged in 2000, the position of crew chief was awarded to a former NL umpire every year through 2007.<br> Most Series Most Series games A League Championship Series has been played in each league from 1969 to the present, excepting 1994. Originally a best-of-five series, it was expanded to best-of-seven in 1985.<br> Most Series games Two Division Series have been played in each league in 1981 and from 1995 to the present; they have been best-of-five series in all years.<br> Most Series Most Series games Most games The home plate umpire for each All-Star Game is denoted by a † following the year. There were two All-Star Games each year from 1959 to 1962; different umpiring crews were used for the games in each year except 1960 (for this list, the 1960 umpires are each counted once). For all games through the first 1961 contest and again in 1966, the umpires changed positions halfway through the game; both plate umpires are noted in the applicable years. Major League Baseball umpiring records The following include various records set by umpires in Major League Baseball. Leagues are abbreviated as follows: The following are those umpires who have officiated in at least 3,000 major league games through the 2016 season. Although the totals reflect all games umpired, the years indicate only those seasons in which each individual was employed as a league umpire, omitting seasons in which they may have acted as an emergency substitute during their playing career. Umpires who were active in 2015 are indicated in bold face; members of the"
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"History of General Motors The history of General Motors (GM), one of the world's largest car and truck manufacturers, reaches back more than a century and involves a vast scope of industrial activity around the world, mostly focused on motorized transportation and the engineering and manufacturing that make it possible. Founded in 1908 as a holding company in Flint, Michigan, as of 2012 it employs approximately 209,000 people around the world. With global headquarters at the Renaissance Center in Detroit, Michigan, United States, General Motors manufactures cars and trucks in 35 countries. In 2008, 8.35 million GM cars and trucks were sold globally under various brands. Current auto brands are Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Holden and Wuling. Former GM automotive brands include La Salle, McLaughlin, Oakland, Oldsmobile, Opel, Pontiac, Hummer, Saab, Saturn and Vauxhall. In addition to brands selling assembled vehicles, GM also has had various automotive-component and non-automotive brands, many of which it divested in the 1980s through 2000s. These have included Euclid and Terex (earthmoving/construction/mining equipment & vehicles); Electro-Motive Diesel (locomotive, marine, and industrial diesel engines); Detroit Diesel (automotive and industrial diesel engines); Allison (Aircraft engines, transmissions, gas turbine engines); Frigidaire (Appliances including refrigeration and air conditioning); New Departure (bearings); Delco Electronics and ACDelco (electrical and electronic components); GMAC (finance); General Aviation and North American Aviation (airplanes); GM Defense (military vehicles) and Electronic Data Systems (information technology). General Motors was capitalized by William C. Durant on September 16, 1908 as a holding company. The next day it purchased Buick Motor Company, and rapidly acquired more than twenty companies including Oldsmobile, Cadillac, Oakland, now known as Pontiac, and McLaughlin of Canada. Dr. Campbell, Durant's son-in-law, put 1,000,000 shares on the stock market in Chicago Buick (then controlled by Durant). Durant's earlier company, the Durant-Dort Carriage Company, had been in business in Flint since 1886, and by 1900 was producing over 100,000 carriages a year in factories located in Michigan and Canada. Prior to his acquisition of Buick, Durant had several Ford dealerships. With springs, axles and other key components being provided to the early automotive industry by Durant-Dort, it can be reasoned that GM actually began with the founding of Durant-Dort. Durant acquired Oldsmobile later in 1908. The next year, he brought in Cadillac, Cartercar, Elmore, Ewing, and Oakland (later known as Pontiac). In 1909, General Motors also acquired the Reliance Motor Truck Company of Owosso, Michigan, and the Rapid Motor Vehicle Company of Pontiac, Michigan, the predecessors of GMC Truck. A Rapid became the first truck to conquer Pikes Peak in 1909. In 1910, Welch and Rainier were added to the ever-growing list of companies controlled by GM. Durant lost control of GM in 1910 to a bankers trust as the deal to buy Ford for $8,000,000.00 fell through, due to the large amount of debt (around $1 million) taken on in its acquisitions. R S McLaughlin Director and friend left at the same time. Durant was forced out of the firm by the stockholders, and co-founded the Chevrolet Motor Company in 1911 with Louis Chevrolet. R S McLaughlin in 1915 built Chevrolet in Canada and after a stock buy back campaign with the McLaughlin and DuPont corporations, and other Chevrolet stock holders, he returned to head GM in 1916, as Chevrolet owned 54.5% with the backing of Pierre S. du Pont. On October 13 of the same year, GM Company incorporated as General Motors Corporation after McLaughlin merged his companies and sold his Chevrolet stock to allow the incorporation, which in turn followed the incorporation of General Motors of Canada (reverting to General Motors Company upon emergence from bankruptcy in 2009 that left General Motors of Canada Limited as a privately owned Canadian Company). Chevrolet entered the General Motors fold in 1918 as it became part of the Corporation with R S McLaughlin as Director and Vice-President of the Corporation ; its first GM car was 1918's Chevrolet 490. Du Pont removed Durant from management in 1920, and various Du Pont interests held large or controlling share holdings until about 1950. In 1918 GM acquired the Chevrolet stock from McLaughlin Motor Car Company of Oshawa, Ontario, Canada, manufacturer of the McLaughlin automobile since 1907 (later to be renamed McLaughlin-Buick) as well as Canadian versions of Chevrolet cars since 1915. The company was renamed General Motors of Canada Ltd., with R.S. \"Colonel Sam\" McLaughlin as its first president and his brother George as vice-president allied with the Corporation 1919. Superior Court of Ontario Canada documents show the Corporation as indirect parent of General Motors of Canada Limited. General Motors of Canada is a 100% owned Canadian Company. 1918 also saw personnel increase at GM. The number of employees grew from about 49,000 workers to 85,000 workers. Many came from the South of the United States, as well as from Europe, to work at GM Michigan facilities. To accommodate them, GM began to build employee housing with the nearly $2.5 million set aside for the project. This would become one of General Motors top 5 expenditures for the year 1919. 1919 also brought changes to employee investment opportunities. Similar to modern day 401(k) plans, all employees could invest a percentage of their wages or salary. GM proceeded to match every penny that their employees invested. GM's headquarters were located in Flint until the mid-1920s when it was moved to Detroit. Its building, originally to be called the Durant Building, was designed and began construction in 1919 when Durant was president, was completed in 1923. Alfred P. Sloan became president that year, and the building was officially dedicated as the General Motors Building in 1929. GM maintained this headquarters location, now called Cadillac Place, until it purchased the Renaissance Center in 1996. The Buick Division headquarters remained in Flint until 1998 when it was relocated to the Renaissance Center. In 1920, Durant oversaw the start up of the Sheridan line of cars, manufactured (from 1920 to 1921) in Muncie, Indiana. The Sheridan nameplate has the distinction of being the first automotive brand started from scratch by General Motors. When Buick's D. A. Burke approached Durant about the idea of designing a car from the ground up, and then marketing the car as a bridge vehicle between GM's established divisions of Chevrolet and Oakland (a four-cylinder), and between Buick and Cadillac (an eight-cylinder), respectively. To market the vehicles, Sheridan hired World War I flying ace Eddie Rickenbacker, himself an accomplished automobile racer in his own right. Through prosaic marketing, and Rickenbacker's endorsements, Sheridan officials felt the production target of 300 cars a day was not only achievable, but profitable as well. Just as production began to ramp up, Durant was fired for the second and final time from General Motors. Since the Sheridan was a Durant pet project, GM, now under Alfred Sloan, was left with Sheridan, one of Durant's more costly but viable caprices. Durant on the other hand knew that the vehicle was soundly engineered and knew what GM paid for the Muncie facility. In May 1921, Durant purchased the rights to the Sheridan and to the Muncie plant, with the intent on using the facility to continue building the Sheridan and Durant's new project, the Durant and Princeton automobiles, now to be built by Durant Motors. In 1925, GM bought Vauxhall of England, and then in 1929 went on to acquire an 80% stake in German automobile manufacturer Opel. Two years later this was increased to 100%. In 1931, GM acquired Holden of Australia. In 1926, GM created the Pontiac as a \"companion\" to the",
"Motors. Since the Sheridan was a Durant pet project, GM, now under Alfred Sloan, was left with Sheridan, one of Durant's more costly but viable caprices. Durant on the other hand knew that the vehicle was soundly engineered and knew what GM paid for the Muncie facility. In May 1921, Durant purchased the rights to the Sheridan and to the Muncie plant, with the intent on using the facility to continue building the Sheridan and Durant's new project, the Durant and Princeton automobiles, now to be built by Durant Motors. In 1925, GM bought Vauxhall of England, and then in 1929 went on to acquire an 80% stake in German automobile manufacturer Opel. Two years later this was increased to 100%. In 1931, GM acquired Holden of Australia. In 1926, GM created the Pontiac as a \"companion\" to the Oakland brand, an arrangement that lasted five years. The companion outsold its parent during that period, by so much that the Oakland brand was terminated and the division was renamed Pontiac. General Motors acquired control of the 'Hertz Drive-Ur-Self System' (now better known as The Hertz Corporation), the Yellow Cab Manufacturing Company together with its subsidiaries, Yellow Coach Manufacturing Company in 1926 from John D. Hertz who joined the main board (John Hertz purchased the car rental business back from GM in 1953 and took it public the following year). GM also acquired the Yellow Coach bus company, and helped create Greyhound bus lines. During this period (and into the 30s), Sloan and his team established the practice of targeting each of GM's automotive divisions to a specific demographically and socio-economically identifiable market segment. Despite some shared components, each marque distinguished itself from its stablemates with unique styling and technology. The shared components and common corporate management created substantial economies of scale, while the distinctions between the divisions created (in the words of GM President Sloan) a \"ladder of success\", with an entry-level buyer starting out at the bottom with the \"basic transportation\" Chevrolet, then rising through Pontiac, Oldsmobile, Buick, and ultimately to Cadillac. While Ford continued to refine the manufacturing process to reduce cost, Sloan was inventing new ways of managing a complex worldwide organization, while paying special attention to consumer demands. Car buyers no longer wanted the cheapest and most basic model; they wanted style, power, and prestige, which GM offered them. Sloan did not neglect cost, by any means; when it was proposed Chevrolet should introduce safety glass, he opposed it because it threatened profits. Thanks to consumer financing \"via\" GMAC (founded 1919), easy monthly payments allowed far more people to buy GM cars than Ford, as Henry Ford was opposed to credit on moral principles. (Nevertheless, Ford did offer similar credit arrangements with the introduction of the Model A in the late 1920s but Ford Credit did not exist until 1959.) GM surpassed Ford Motor Company in sales in the late 1920s. In 1930, GM entered aircraft design and manufacturing by buying Fokker Aircraft Corp of America (U.S. subsidiary of Fokker) and Berliner-Joyce Aircraft, merging them into General Aviation Manufacturing Corporation. Through a stock exchange GM took controlling interest in North American Aviation and merged it with its General Aviation division in 1933, but retaining the name North American Aviation. In 1948, GM divested NAA as a public company, never to have a major interest in the aircraft manufacturing industry again. General Motors bought the internal combustion engined railcar builder Electro-Motive Corporation and its engine supplier Winton Engine in 1930, renaming both as the General Motors Electro-Motive Division. Over the next twenty years, diesel-powered locomotives — the majority built by GM — largely replaced other forms of traction on American railroads. (During World War II, these engines were also important in American submarines and destroyer escorts.) Electro-Motive was sold in early 2005. In 1932, GM formed a new subsidiary — United Cities Motor Transport (UCMT) — to finance the conversion of streetcar systems to buses in small cities. From 1936 the company was involved in an unpublicized project, with others, in what became known as the General Motors streetcar conspiracy to buy out streetcar and intercity train transport operators using subsidiary companies, and convert their operations to use buses. In 1935, the United Auto Workers labor union was formed, and in 1936 the UAW organized the Flint Sit-Down Strike, which initially idled two key plants in Flint, but later spread to half-a-dozen other plants including Janesville, Wisconsin and Fort Wayne, Indiana. In Flint, police attempted to enter the plant to arrest strikers, leading to violence; in other cities the plants were shuttered peacefully. The strike was resolved February 11, 1937, when GM recognized the UAW as the exclusive bargaining representative for its workers. General Motors produced vast quantities of armaments, vehicles, and aircraft for the Allied war effort during World War II. Its multinational interests were split up by the combating powers during the war such that the American, Canadian and British parts of the corporation served the Allied war effort and Adam Opel AG served the Axis war effort. By the spring of 1939, the German Government had assumed day-to-day control of American owned factories in Germany, but decided against nationalizing them completely (seizing the assets and capital). Soon after the war broke out, the nationalization came. General Motors ranked first among United States corporations in the value of wartime production contracts. GM's William S. Knudsen served as head of U.S. wartime production for President Franklin Roosevelt. The General Motors UK division, Vauxhall Motors, manufactured the Churchill tank series for the Allies. The Vauxhall Churchill tanks were instrumental in the UK campaigns in North Africa. Bedford Vehicles and GM of Canada, CMP manufactured 500,000 logistics vehicles for the UK military, all important in the UK's land campaigns. In addition to the obvious manufacture of motor vehicles for the Allied cause, GM was also a major manufacturer of aircraft. By mainstream accounts, General Motors' German subsidiary (Adam Opel AG) was outside the control of the American parent corporation during World War II. Some conspiracy theorists posit that this was a hoax, with the American GM as a secret war profiteer on both sides, but Alfred Sloan's memoir, for example, presents a description of lost control that is much more Occam-compliant than the alternatives. However, even without any such conspiracy, GM found criticism for its tax avoidance around the Opel topic. During the war, GM declared it had abandoned its German subsidiary, and took a complete tax write-off worth \"approximately $22.7 million\", yet after the war, GM collected some $33 million in \"war reparations\" because the Allies had bombed its German facilities. At one point GM had become the largest corporation registered in the United States, in terms of its revenues as a percent of GDP. In 1953, Charles Erwin Wilson, then GM president, was named by Eisenhower as Secretary of Defense. When he was asked during the hearings before the Senate Armed Services Committee if as secretary of defense he could make a decision adverse to the interests of General Motors, Wilson answered affirmatively but added that he could not conceive of such a situation \"because for years I thought what was good for the country was good for General Motors and vice versa\". Later this statement was often misquoted, suggesting that Wilson had said simply, \"What's good for General Motors is good for the country.\" At the time, GM was one of the largest employers in the world – only Soviet state industries employed more people. In 1955, General Motors became the first American corporation to pay taxes of over $1",
"Charles Erwin Wilson, then GM president, was named by Eisenhower as Secretary of Defense. When he was asked during the hearings before the Senate Armed Services Committee if as secretary of defense he could make a decision adverse to the interests of General Motors, Wilson answered affirmatively but added that he could not conceive of such a situation \"because for years I thought what was good for the country was good for General Motors and vice versa\". Later this statement was often misquoted, suggesting that Wilson had said simply, \"What's good for General Motors is good for the country.\" At the time, GM was one of the largest employers in the world – only Soviet state industries employed more people. In 1955, General Motors became the first American corporation to pay taxes of over $1 billion. By 1958, the divisional distinctions within GM began to blur with the availability of high-performance engines in Chevrolets and Pontiacs. The introduction of higher trim models such as the Chevrolet Impala and Pontiac Bonneville priced in line with some Oldsmobile and Buick offerings was also confusing to consumers. By the time Pontiac, Oldsmobile and Buick introduced similarly styled and priced compact models in 1961, the old \"step-up\" structure between the divisions was nearly over. The decade of the 1960s saw the creation of compact and intermediate classes. The Chevrolet Corvair was a flat 6-cylinder (air cooled) response to the Volkswagen Beetle, the Chevy II was created to match Ford's conventional Falcon, after sales of the Corvair failed to match its Ford rival, and the Chevrolet Camaro/Pontiac Firebird was GM's countermeasure to the Ford Mustang. Among intermediates, the Oldsmobile Cutlass nameplate became so popular during the 1970s that Oldsmobile applied the Cutlass name to most of its products in the 1980s. By the mid-1960s, most of GM's vehicles were built on a few common \"platforms\" and in the 1970s GM began to further unify body panel stampings. The 1971 Chevrolet Vega was GM's launch into the new subcompact class to compete against the import's increasing market share. Problems associated with its innovative aluminum engine led to the model's discontinuation after seven model years in 1977. During the late 1970s, GM would initiate a wave of downsizing starting with the Chevrolet Caprice which was reborn into what was the size of the Chevrolet Chevelle, the Malibu would be the size of the Nova, and the Nova was replaced by the troubled front-wheel drive Chevrolet Citation. In 1976, Chevrolet came out with the rear-wheel drive sub compact Chevette. In 1974, GM was the first major automobile company to offer airbags as optional equipment in a non-experimental, unlimited vehicle capacity. Called the \"Air Cushion Restraint System\", the safety feature was optional on specific full-size Cadillac, Buick, and Oldsmobile vehicles. The occupant safety system proved an unpopular option and was discontinued after the 1976 model year not to return until the 1990s when federal mandates made the system a requirement. While GM maintained its world leadership in revenue and market share throughout the 1960s to 1980s, it was product controversy that plagued the company in this period. It seemed that, in every decade, a major mass-production product line was launched with defects of one type or another showing up early in their life cycle. And, in each case, improvements were eventually made to mitigate the problems, but the resulting improved product ended up failing in the marketplace as its negative reputation overshadowed its ultimate excellence. The first of these fiascos was the Chevrolet Corvair in the 1960s. Introduced in 1959 as a 1960 model, it was initially very popular. But before long its quirky handling eventually earned it the reputation for being unsafe, inspiring consumer advocate Ralph Nader to lambaste it in his book, \"Unsafe at Any Speed\", published in 1965. Coincidentally, by the same (1965) model year, suspension modifications and other improvements had already transformed the car into a perfectly acceptable vehicle, but its reputation had been sufficiently sullied in the public's perception that its sales declined over the next few years, and it was discontinued after the 1969 model year. During this period, it was also somewhat overwhelmed by the success of the Ford Mustang. The 1970s was the decade of the Vega. Launched as a 1971 model, it also began life as a very popular car in the marketplace. But within a few years, quality problems, exacerbated by labor unrest at its main production source in Lordstown, Ohio, gave the car a bad name. By 1977, its decline resulted in termination of the model name, while its siblings along with a Monza version and a move of production to Ste-Thérèse, Quebec, resulted in a thoroughly desirable vehicle and extended its life to the 1980 model year. Oldsmobile sales soared in the 1970s and 1980s (for an all-time high of 1,066,122 in 1985) based on popular designs, positive reviews from critics and the perceived quality and reliability of the Rocket V8 engine, with the Cutlass series becoming North America's top selling car by 1976. By this time, Olds had displaced Pontiac and Plymouth as the #3 best-selling brand in the U.S. behind Chevrolet and Ford. In the early 1980s, model-year production topped one million units on several occasions, something only Chevrolet and Ford had achieved. The soaring popularity of Oldsmobile vehicles resulted in a major issue in 1977, as demand exceeded production capacity for the Oldsmobile V8, and as a result Oldsmobile quietly began equipping some full size Delta 88 models and the very popular Cutlass/Cutlass Supreme with the Chevrolet 350 engine instead (each division of GM produced its own 350 V8 engine). Many customers were loyal Oldsmobile buyers who specifically wanted the Rocket V8, and did not discover that their vehicle had the Chevrolet engine until they performed maintenance and discovered that purchased parts did not fit. This led to a class-action lawsuit which became a public relations nightmare for GM. Following this debacle, disclaimers stating that \"Oldsmobiles are equipped with engines produced by various GM divisions\" were tacked onto advertisements and sales literature; all other GM divisions followed suit. In addition, GM quickly stopped associating engines with particular divisions, and to this day all GM engines are produced by \"GM Powertrain\" (GMPT) and are called GM \"Corporate\" engines instead of GM \"Division\" engines. Although it was the popularity of the Oldsmobile division vehicles that prompted this change, declining sales of V8 engines would have made this change inevitable as all but the Chevrolet (and, later, Cadillac's Northstar) versions were eventually dropped. In the 1980 model year, a full line of automobiles on the X-body platform, anchored by the Chevrolet Citation, was launched. Again, these cars were all quite popular in their respective segments for the first couple of years, but brake problems, and other defects, ended up giving them, known to the public as \"X-Cars\", such a bad reputation that the 1985 model year was their last. The J-body cars, namely the Chevrolet Cavalier and Pontiac Sunbird, took their place, starting with the 1982 model year. Quality was better, but still not exemplary, although good enough to survive through three generations to the 2005 model year. They were produced in a much-improved Lordstown Assembly plant, as were their replacements, the Chevrolet Cobalt and Pontiac Pursuit/G5. Roger B. Smith served as CEO throughout the 1980s. GM profits struggled from 1981 to 1983 following the late 1970s and early 1980s recession. In 1981, the UAW negotiated some concessions with the company in order to bridge the recession. GM profits rebounded during the 1980s. During the 1980s, GM had downsized its product line and invested heavily in automated manufacturing. It also created the Saturn brand to produce small",
"namely the Chevrolet Cavalier and Pontiac Sunbird, took their place, starting with the 1982 model year. Quality was better, but still not exemplary, although good enough to survive through three generations to the 2005 model year. They were produced in a much-improved Lordstown Assembly plant, as were their replacements, the Chevrolet Cobalt and Pontiac Pursuit/G5. Roger B. Smith served as CEO throughout the 1980s. GM profits struggled from 1981 to 1983 following the late 1970s and early 1980s recession. In 1981, the UAW negotiated some concessions with the company in order to bridge the recession. GM profits rebounded during the 1980s. During the 1980s, GM had downsized its product line and invested heavily in automated manufacturing. It also created the Saturn brand to produce small cars. GM's customers still wanted larger vehicles and began to purchase greater numbers of SUVs. Roger Smith's reorganization of the company had been criticized for its consolidation of company divisions and its effect on the uniqueness of GM's brands and models. His attempts to streamline costs were not always popular with GM's customer base. In addition to forming Saturn, Smith also negotiated joint ventures with two Japanese companies (NUMMI in California with Toyota, and CAMI with Suzuki in Canada). Each of these agreements provided opportunities for the respective companies to experience different approaches. The 1980s also marked the dismantling of General Motors' medium and heavy trucks, with imported Isuzu trucks taking over at the lighter end and with the heavy-duty business being gradually sold off to Volvo through a joint venture. The decade of the 1990s began with an economic recession, taking its inevitable toll on the automotive industry, and throwing GM into some of its worst losses. As a result, \"Jack\" Smith (not related to Roger) became burdened with the task of overseeing a radical restructuring of General Motors. Sharing Roger's understanding of the need for serious change, Jack undertook many major revisions. Reorganizing the management structure to dismantle the legacy of Alfred P. Sloan, instituting deep cost-cutting and introducing significantly improved vehicles were the key approaches. These moves were met with much less resistance within GM than had Roger's similar initiatives as GM management ranks were stinging from their recent near-bankruptcy experience and were much more willing to accept the prospect of radical change. Following the first Persian Gulf War and a recession GM's profits again suffered from 1991 to 1993. For the remainder of the decade the company's profits rebounded and it made market share gains with the popularity of its SUVs and pick-up truck lines. Rick Wagoner had served as the company's Chief Financial Officer during this period in the early 1990s. GM's foreign rivals gained market share especially following U.S. recessionary periods while the company recovered. U.S. trade policy and foreign trade barriers became a point of contention for GM and other U.S. automakers who had complained that they were not given equal access to foreign markets. Trade issues had prompted the Reagan administration to seek import quotas on some foreign carmakers. Later, the Clinton administration engaged in trade negotiations to open foreign markets to U.S. automakers with the Clinton administration threatening trade sanctions in efforts to level the playing field for U.S. automakers. José Ignacio (\"Iñaki\") López de Arriortúa, who worked under Jack Smith in both Europe (particularly the successful turnaround of Opel) and the United States, was poached by Volkswagen in 1993, just hours before Smith announced that López would be promoted to head of GM's North American operations. He was nicknamed Super López for his prowess in cutting costs and streamlining production at GM, although critics said that his tactics angered longtime suppliers. GM accused López of poaching staff and misappropriating trade secrets, in particular taking documents of future Opel vehicles, when he accepted a position with VW. German investigators began a probe of López and VW after prosecutors linked López to a cache of secret GM documents discovered by investigators in the apartment of two of López's VW associates. G.M. then filed suit in a United States District Court in Detroit, using part of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, which left VW open to triple damages (billions of dollars) if the charges were proved in court. VW, faced with a plummeting stock price, eventually forced López to resign. GM and Volkswagen since reached a civil settlement, in which Volkswagen agreed to pay GM $100 million and to buy $1 billion worth of parts from GM. After GM's lay-offs in Flint, Michigan, a strike began at the General Motors parts factory in Flint on June 5, 1998, which quickly spread to five other assembly plants and lasted seven weeks. Because of the significant role GM plays in the United States, the strikes and temporary idling of many plants noticeably showed in national economic indicators. In the early 1990s, following the first Gulf War and a recession, GM had taken on more debt. By the late 1990s, GM had regained market share; its stock had soared to over $80 a share by 2000. However, in 2001, the stock market drop following the September 11, 2001 attacks, combined with historic pension underfunding, caused a severe pension and benefit fund crisis at GM and many other American companies and the value of their pension funds plummeted. In the late 1990s, the U.S. economy was on the rise and GM and Ford gained market share producing enormous profits primarily from the sale of light trucks and sport-utility vehicles. In 2001, following the September 11th attacks, a severe stock market decline caused a pension and benefit fund underfunding crisis. GM began its \"Keep America Rolling\" campaign, which boosted sales, and other auto makers were forced to follow suit. The U.S. automakers saw sales increase to leverage costs as gross margins deteriorated. In 2004, GM redirected resources from the development of new sedans to an accelerated refurbishment of their light trucks and SUVs for introduction as 2007 models in early 2006. Shortly after this decision, fuel prices increased by over 50% and this in turn affected both the trade-in value of used vehicles and the perceived desirability of new offerings in these market segments. The current marketing plan is to tout these revised vehicles extensively as offering the best fuel economy \"in their class\" (of vehicle). GM claims its hybrid trucks will have fuel economy improvements of 25%. After gaining market share in the late 1990s and making enormous profits, General Motors stock soared to over $80 a share. From June 1999 to September 2000, the Federal Reserve, in a move to quell potential inflationary pressures created by, among other things, the stock market, made successive interest rate increases, credited in part for \"plunging the country into a recession.\" The recession and the volatile stock market created a pension and benefit fund crisis at General Motors and many other American companies. General Motors' rising retiree health care costs and Other Post Employment Benefit (OPEB) fund deficit prompted the company to enact a broad restructuring plan. Although GM had already taken action to fully fund its pension plan, its OPEB fund became an issue for its corporate bond ratings. GM had expressed its disagreement with the bond ratings; moreover, GM's benefit funds were performing at higher than expected rates of return. In 2003, GM responded to the crisis by fully funding its pension fund with a $15 B payment; however, its Other Post Employment Benefits Fund (OPEB) became a serious issue resulting in downgrades to its bond rating in 2005. Then, following a $10.6 billion loss in 2005, GM acted quickly to implement its restructuring plan. GM began its \"Keep America Rolling\" campaign, which boosted",
"retiree health care costs and Other Post Employment Benefit (OPEB) fund deficit prompted the company to enact a broad restructuring plan. Although GM had already taken action to fully fund its pension plan, its OPEB fund became an issue for its corporate bond ratings. GM had expressed its disagreement with the bond ratings; moreover, GM's benefit funds were performing at higher than expected rates of return. In 2003, GM responded to the crisis by fully funding its pension fund with a $15 B payment; however, its Other Post Employment Benefits Fund (OPEB) became a serious issue resulting in downgrades to its bond rating in 2005. Then, following a $10.6 billion loss in 2005, GM acted quickly to implement its restructuring plan. GM began its \"Keep America Rolling\" campaign, which boosted sales, and other automakers were forced to follow suit. The U.S. automakers saw sales increase to leverage costs as gross margins deteriorated. For the first quarter of 2006, GM earned $400 million, signaling that a turnaround had already begun even though many aspects of the restructuring plan had not yet taken effect. Although retiree health care costs remain a significant issue, General Motors' investment strategy has generated a $17.1 billion surplus in 2007 in its $101 billion U.S. pension fund portfolio, a $35 billion reversal from its $17.8 billion of underfunding. In February 2005, GM successfully bought itself out of a put option with Fiat for $2 billion USD (€1.55 billion). In 2000, GM had sold a 6% stake to Fiat in return for a 20% share in the Italian automaker. As part of the deal, GM granted Fiat a put option, which, if the option had been exercised between January 2004 and July 2009, could have forced GM to buy Fiat. GM had agreed to the put option at the time, perhaps to keep it from being acquired by another automaker, such as DaimlerChrysler, competing with GM's German subsidiary Opel. The relationship suffered and Fiat had failed to improve. In 2003, Fiat recapitalized, reducing GM's stake to 10%. In 2006, GM had begun to apply the Mark of Excellence, which was actually the GM logo. GM had stopped putting their logo on the cars in 2009, but GM did apply the GM logo on some of the early 2010 GM models. In February 2006, GM slashed its annual dividend from $2.00 to $1.00 per share. The reduction saved $565 million a year. In March 2006, GM divested 92.36 million shares (reducing its stake from 20% to 3%) of Japanese manufacturer Suzuki, in order to raise $2.3 billion. GM originally invested in Suzuki in the early 1980s. On March 23, 2006, a private equity consortium including Kohlberg Kravis Roberts, Goldman Sachs, and Five Mile Capital purchased 78% of GMAC's (now Ally Financial) commercial mortgage arm, then called Capmark, for $8.8 billion. On April 3, 2006, GM announced that it would sell 51% of GMAC (now Ally Financial) as a whole to a consortium led by Cerberus Capital Management, raising $14 billion over three years. Investors also included Citigroup's private equity arm and Aozora Bank of Japan. The group will pay GM $7.4 billion in cash at closing. GM will retain approximately $20 billion in automobile financing worth an estimated $4 billion over three years. GM sold its remaining 8% stake in Isuzu, which had peaked at 49% just a few years earlier, on April 11, 2006, to raise an additional $300 million. 12,600 workers from Delphi, a key supplier to GM, agreed to buyouts and an early retirement plan offered by GM in order to avoid a strike, after a judge agreed to cancel Delphi's union contracts. 5,000 Delphi workers were allowed to flow to GM. In 2006, GM offered buyouts to hourly workers to reduce future liability; over 35,000 workers responded to the offer, well exceeding the company's goal. GM gained higher rates of return on its benefit funds as a part of the solution. Stock value began to rebound - as of October 30, 2006, GM's market capitalization was about $19.19 billion. GM stock began the year 2006 at $19 a share, near its lowest level since 1982, as many on Wall Street figured the ailing automaker was bound for bankruptcy court. But GM remained afloat and the company's stock in the Dow Jones industrial average posted the biggest percentage gain in 2006. In June 2007, GM sold its military and commercial subsidiary, Allison Transmission, for $5.6 billion. Having sold off the majority, it will, however, keep its heavy-duty transmissions for its trucks marketed as the Allison 1000 series. During negotiations for the renewal of its industry labor contracts in 2007, the United Auto Workers (UAW) union selected General Motors as the \"lead company\" or \"strike target\" for pattern bargaining. Late in September, sensing an impending impasse in the talks, the union called a strike, the first nationwide walkout since 1970 (individual plants had experienced local labor disruptions in the interim). Within two days, however, a tentative agreement was achieved and the strike ended. On June 28, 2007, GM agreed to sell its Allison Transmission division to private equity firms Carlyle Group and Onex for $5.1 billion. The deal will increase GM's liquidity and echoes previous moves to shift its focus towards its core automotive business. The two firms will control seven factories around Indianapolis but GM will retain management of a factory in Baltimore. Former Allison Transmission president Lawrence E. Dewey will be the new CEO of the standalone company. Kirk Kerkorian once owned 9.9 percent of GM. According to press accounts from June 30, 2006, Kerkorian suggested that Renault acquire a 20 percent stake in GM to rescue GM from itself. A letter from Tracinda (Kerkorian's investment vehicle) to Rick Wagoner was released to the public to pressure GM's executive hierarchy, but talks failed. On November 22, 2006, Kerkorian sold 14 million shares of his GM stake (it is speculated that this action was due to GM's rejection of Renault and Nissan's bids for stakes in the company as both of these bids were strongly supported by Kerkorian); the sale resulted in GM's share price falling 4.1% from its 20 November price, although it remained above $30/share. The sale lowered Kerkorian's holding to around 7% of GM. On November 30, 2006, Tracinda said it had agreed to sell another 14 million shares of GM, cutting Kerkorian's stake to half of what it had been earlier that year. By the end of November 2006, he had sold substantially all of his remaining GM shares. After Kerkorian sold, GM lost more than 90% of its value, falling as low as $1/share by May 2009. On February 12, 2008, GM announced its operating loss was $2 billion (with a GAAP loss of $39 billion including a one time accounting charge). GM offered buyouts to all its UAW members. On March 24, 2008, GM reported a cash position of $24 billion, or $6 billion less than what was on hand September 31, 2007, which is a loss of $1 billion a month. A further quarterly loss of $15.5 billion, the third-biggest in the company's history, was announced on August 1, 2008. On November 17, 2008, GM announced it would sell its stake in Suzuki Motor Corp. (3.02%) for 22.37 billion yen ($230 million) in order to raise much needed cash to get through the 2008 economic crisis. In 2008, 8.35 million GM cars and trucks were sold globally under the brands Vauxhall, Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, GM Daewoo, Holden, Pontiac, Hummer, Saab, Saturn, Wuling and Opel of Germany. In late 2008 GM, along with Chrysler, received loans from the American, Canadian, and Ontarian governments to bridge the late-2000s recession, record oil prices, and a severe global automotive sales decline (see also automotive industry crisis of 2008–2009) due to the global financial crisis of 2008–2009. On February 20, 2009, GM's Saab division filed for reorganization in a Swedish court after being denied loans from the Swedish government. On April 27, 2009, GM announced that it would phase out the Pontiac brand by the end of 2010 and focus on four core",
"get through the 2008 economic crisis. In 2008, 8.35 million GM cars and trucks were sold globally under the brands Vauxhall, Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, GM Daewoo, Holden, Pontiac, Hummer, Saab, Saturn, Wuling and Opel of Germany. In late 2008 GM, along with Chrysler, received loans from the American, Canadian, and Ontarian governments to bridge the late-2000s recession, record oil prices, and a severe global automotive sales decline (see also automotive industry crisis of 2008–2009) due to the global financial crisis of 2008–2009. On February 20, 2009, GM's Saab division filed for reorganization in a Swedish court after being denied loans from the Swedish government. On April 27, 2009, GM announced that it would phase out the Pontiac brand by the end of 2010 and focus on four core brands in North America: Chevrolet, Cadillac, Buick, and GMC. It announced that the resolution (sale) of its Hummer, Saab, and Saturn brands would take place by the end of 2009. (By November, however, proposed deals to sell Saturn to Penske and Saab to Koenigsegg had failed to materialize.) The company had previously cancelled Oldsmobile. In 2009, GM had renamed itself as General Motors Company, creating its former appellation: General Motors Corporation. On May 30, 2009, it was announced that a deal had been reached to transfer GM's Opel assets to a separate company, majority-owned by a consortium led by Sberbank of Russia (35%), Magna International (20%), and Opel employees (10%). GM was expected to keep a 35% minority stake in the new company. However, GM delayed acceptance of the deal pending other bids, notably a proposed 51% stake by Beijing Automotive. By early July, a decision had not been made, but Magna remained confident and scheduled a meeting for July 14 to announce its acceptance. After months of deliberation, however, GM decided on November 3, 2009, to retain full ownership of the German carmaker Opel, thus voiding the tentative deal with the Magna consortium. In June 2010, the company established General Motors Ventures, a subsidiary designed to help the company identify and develop new technologies in the automotive and transportation sectors. General Motors was criticized for its presence in apartheid South Africa. The company withdrew after pressure from consumers, stockholders and Leon H. Sullivan. It retained a commercial presence, however, in the form of its Opel subsidiary. Right Hand Drive Opel & Vauxhall production took place in GM's Uitenhage plants outside Port Elizabeth in the Eastern Cape Province, and does so to this day. In 1925 General Motors settled down in Argentina and started producing the Double Phaeton standard and the Double Phaeton called \"Especial Argentino\". The production was completed with a sedan model, a roadster and a truck chassis also adaptable to transporting of passengers. Sales increased and soon the Oldsmobile, Oakland and Pontiac brands were incorporated into the assembly line; the capacity of the facility was not enough to supply the increasing demand and the building of a new plant was required. A new 48,000 m2 plant with a covered area was opened in 1929, and since then the Buick, Marquette, La Salle, Cadillac, Vauxhaul and Opel marques also started to be produced. When the Second World War broke out the operations were complicated. In 1941, 250,000 Chevrolets were made, but shortage of parts made car production impossible. The last Chevrolet left the plant in August, 1942. though in order to avoid total stoppage, the company made electrical and portable refrigerators and car accessories in addition to other items. After the war, GM started producing the Oldsmobile and Pontiac lines and later Chevrolet was added. Production resumed in 1960 with Chevrolet pickups and shortly thereafter in 1962 it started assembling the first/second generation Chevy II until 1974 as Chevrolet 400, and the early third-generation (1968 model) Nova as the Chevrolet Chevy from late 1969 through 1978, both models overlapping for several years, the Chevy II marketed as a family sedan while the Nova as a sporty alternative. Thenceforth several Opel models and Chevrolet pickups are being manufactured. In 1984, GM acquired Electronic Data Systems Corporation (EDS), a leading data processing and telecommunications company, to be the sole provider of information technology (IT) services for the company. EDS became independent again in 1996, signing a 10-year agreement to continue providing IT services to General Motors. Delco Electronics Corporation was the automotive electronics design and manufacturing subsidiary of General Motors. The name Delco came from the Dayton Engineering Laboratories Co., founded in Dayton, Ohio by Charles Kettering and Edward A. Deeds. Delco was responsible for several innovations in automobile electric systems, including the first reliable battery ignition system and the first practical automobile self starter. In 1936 Delco began producing the first dashboard-installed car radios. By the early 1970s Delco had become a major supplier of automotive electronics equipment. Based in Kokomo, Indiana, Delco Electronics employed more than 30,000 at its peak. In 1962 GM created the General Motors Research Laboratories, based in Santa Barbara, California, to conduct research and development activities on defense systems. This organization was eventually merged into Delco Electronics and renamed Delco Systems Operations. In 1985 General Motors purchased Hughes Aircraft and merged it with Delco Electronics to form Hughes Electronics Corporation, an independent subsidiary. In 1997 all of the defense businesses of Hughes Electronics (including Delco Systems Operations) were merged with Raytheon, and the commercial portion of Delco Electronics was transferred to GM's Delphi Automotive Systems business. Delphi became a separate publicly traded company in May 1999, and continued to use the Delco Electronics name for several of its subsidiaries through approximately 2004. Although Delco Electronics no longer exists as an operating company, GM still retains rights to the Delco name and uses it for some of its subsidiaries including the AC Delco parts division. Hughes Electronics Corporation was formed on December 31, 1985, when Hughes Aircraft Company was sold by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute to General Motors for $5.2 billion. General Motors merged Hughes Aircraft with its Delco Electronics unit to form Hughes Electronics Corporation, an independent subsidiary. This division was a major aerospace and defense contractor, civilian space systems manufacturer and communications company. The aerospace and defense business was sold to Raytheon in 1997 and the Space and Communications division was sold to Boeing in 2000. Hughes Research Laboratories became jointly owned by GM, Raytheon, and Boeing. In 2003, the remaining parts of Hughes Electronics were sold to News Corporation and renamed The DirecTV Group. Delphi was spun off from General Motors on May 28, 1999. Delphi is one of the largest automotive parts manufacturers and has approximately 185,000 employees (50,000 in the United States). With offices worldwide, the company operates 167 wholly owned manufacturing sites, 41 joint ventures, 53 customer centers and sales offices, and 33 technical centers in 38 countries. Delphi makes the Monsoon premium audio systems found in some GM and other manufacturer automobiles. On October 8, 2005, Delphi filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. On March 31, 2006, Delphi announced it would sell off or close 21 of its 29 plants in the United States. Detroit Diesel was originally the GM Diesel Division then Detroit Diesel Allison Division until 1988. It made diesel engines for truck, generating set and marine use. Electro-Motive Diesel (EMD) was originally the Electro-Motive Division of GM, until 2005. It made diesel engines and locomotives. See also General Motors Diesel Division and GM Defense. By the end of 2006, GM had completed the",
"167 wholly owned manufacturing sites, 41 joint ventures, 53 customer centers and sales offices, and 33 technical centers in 38 countries. Delphi makes the Monsoon premium audio systems found in some GM and other manufacturer automobiles. On October 8, 2005, Delphi filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. On March 31, 2006, Delphi announced it would sell off or close 21 of its 29 plants in the United States. Detroit Diesel was originally the GM Diesel Division then Detroit Diesel Allison Division until 1988. It made diesel engines for truck, generating set and marine use. Electro-Motive Diesel (EMD) was originally the Electro-Motive Division of GM, until 2005. It made diesel engines and locomotives. See also General Motors Diesel Division and GM Defense. By the end of 2006, GM had completed the divestiture of 51% of its financing unit, GMAC. Currently GM is a 10% owner in GMAC. Chairmen of the Board of General Motors Chief Executive Officers of General Motors Vice Chairmen of General Motors Presidents of General Motors In August 1938, a senior executive for General Motors, James D. Mooney, received the Grand Cross of the German Eagle for his distinguished service to the Reich. \"Nazi armaments chief Albert Speer told a congressional investigator that Germany could not have attempted its September 1939 Blitzkrieg of Poland without the performance-boosting additive technology provided by Alfred P. Sloan and General Motors\". During the war, GM's Opel Brandenburg plant produced trucks, parts for Ju 88 aircraft, land mines and torpedo detonators for Nazi Germany. Charles Levinson, formerly deputy director of the European office of the CIO, alleged in his book, \"Vodka-Cola\" extensive collaboration and information sharing between US and German divisions of General Motors during the war. Sloan's memoir presents a different picture of Opel's wartime existence. According to Sloan, Opel was nationalized (along with most other industrial activity owned or co-owned by foreign interests) by the German state soon after the outbreak of war. Sloan presents Opel at the end of the war as a black box to GM's American management—an organization that the Americans had had no contact with for 5 years. According to Sloan, GM in Detroit debated whether to even try to run Opel in the postwar era, or to leave to the interim West German government the question of who would pick up the pieces. In 1939, defending the German investment strategy as \"highly profitable\", Alfred P. Sloan had told shareholders that GM's continued industrial production for the Nazi government was merely sound business practice. In a letter to a concerned shareholder, Sloan said that the manner in which the Nazi government ran Germany \"should not be considered the business of the management of General Motors...We must conduct ourselves as a German organization. . . We have no right to shut down the plant.\" After 20 years of researching General Motors, Bradford Snell stated, \"General Motors was far more important to the Nazi war machine than Switzerland ... Switzerland was just a repository of looted funds. GM's Opel division was an integral part of the German war effort. The Nazis could have invaded Poland and Russia without Switzerland. They could not have done so without GM.\" The Great American Streetcar Scandal is an unproven theory developed by Robert Eldridge Hicks in 1970 and published by Grossman Publishers in 1973 in the book \"Politics of Land, Ralph Nader's Study Group Report on Land Use in California\" at pp. 410–12, compiled by Robert C. Fellmeth, Center for Study of Responsive Law, and put forth by Bradford Snell again in 1974, in which GM, along with road-builders, is alleged to have engaged in a policy that triggered the shift from the mass transportation of the previous century to the 'one-person-one-car' trip of today. The theory states that in order to expand auto sales and maximize profits GM bought local mass transit systems and privately owned railways, following which it would proceed to eliminate them and replace them all with GM-built buses. Alternative versions of the events have been put forth by scholars in the field. Slater, Cosgrove and Span all put forth evidence that counters Snell's theory. Consumer advocate, Ralph Nader, issued a series of attacks on vehicle safety issues from GM – particularly the Chevrolet Corvair – in his book \"Unsafe at Any Speed\", written in 1965. This first major work undertaken by Nader established his reputation as a crusader for safety. GM was accused of sending spies after him. The company was questioned at a Senate hearing in March 1966 about its attempted intimidation of Nader. Senators Robert Kennedy and Abe Ribicoff questioned CEO James Roche. In the end, the CEO apologized to Nader. The hearings led to legislation which created the Department of Transportation and predecessor agencies of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration later that year. Nader sued GM in November 1966 for invasion of privacy, winning the case on appeal in January, 1970. In 1980, J. Patrick Wright wrote a book named \"On a Clear Day You Can See General Motors\". This book, which critics acclaimed \"blows the lid off the king of carmakers\" was about the allegations of corruption, \"mismanagement and total irresponsibility\" at the top level of the company, as seen by John Z. DeLorean, the Vice-President, who, in 1973, resigned from his position in spite of a brilliant and meteoric rise. He was earning $650,000 per year and was expected to be the next President of GM. History of General Motors The history of General Motors (GM), one of the world's largest car and truck manufacturers, reaches back more"
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"WMWC-TV WMWC-TV is a TBN owned-and-operated television station licensed to Galesburg, Illinois, United States, serving the Quad Cities area of northwestern Illinois and southeastern Iowa. It broadcasts a standard definition digital signal on VHF channel 8 (or virtual channel 53 via PSIP) from a transmitter in Orion, Illinois. Owned by the Trinity Broadcasting Network, WMWC-TV maintains studio facilities on 44th Avenue in Moline. On cable, the station is available on Mediacom channel 17 in the Quad Cities and Comcast Xfinity channels 98 and 277 in Galesburg. The station originally planned to go on the air on September 1, 2001 as the UPN affiliate for the Quad Cities market. Although Northwest Television owned the station, operations were to have been handled by Second Generation of Iowa, owner of Fox affiliate KFXA in Cedar Rapids. However, Grant Broadcasting System II, then-owner of KLJB-TV and KGWB-TV, filed an petition to deny the application, and the construction permit was not granted until July 20, 2007—nearly a year after UPN (which affiliated with WBQD-LP in 2002) closed down. WMWC never signed on an analog signal prior to June 12, 2009. As a result, when it took to the air on August 20, 2012, it became the first television station in the Quad Cities to have signed on as a digital-only station, more than three years after full-power stations ended analog broadcasts. On June 5, 2012, the station was assigned the call letters WMWC. A TBN affiliate from its sign-on, WMWC was acquired from Northwest Television by the network in December 2012. On June 13, 2013, TBN added the \"-TV\" suffix to the station's callsign. Because it was granted an original construction permit after the FCC finalized the DTV allotment plan on April 21, 1997, the station did not receive a companion channel for a digital television station. Instead, at the end of the digital TV conversion period for full-service stations, WMWC would have been required to turn off its analog signal and turn on its digital signal (called a \"flash-cut\"). WMWC's original analog allocation was UHF channel 67, though the application was subsequently amended to specify digital operation on channel 53; however, both channels were removed from the TV bandplan at the end of the digital television transition in the United States. Since WQAD-TV elected to stay on its pre-transition digital UHF channel 38 allocation after the digital transition, Northwest Television, the original owners of WMWC, elected WQAD's former analog channel allocation, VHF channel 8, as the channel on which to broadcast WMWC's post-transition digital signal. As WQAD remaps to virtual channel 8 because of its former analog allocation, WMWC legally cannot keep the virtual channel mapping at 8; instead. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers will display the station's virtual channel as 53. WMWC-TV WMWC-TV is a TBN owned-and-operated television station licensed to Galesburg, Illinois, United States, serving the Quad Cities area of northwestern Illinois and southeastern Iowa. It broadcasts a standard definition digital signal on VHF channel 8 (or virtual channel"
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"Old San Juan Old San Juan () is a \"barrio\" of San Juan, Puerto Rico, located on the Isleta de San Juan. It is the oldest settlement within Puerto Rico and the historic colonial section of the city of San Juan. The western portion of the islet and \"barrio\" is a National Historic Landmark District and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Old San Juan Historic District. Old San Juan is located on a small and narrow island which lies along the north coast, about from the east end of Puerto Rico, and is united to the mainland of Puerto Rico by three bridges. It is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and to the south by San Juan Bay (or \"Bahia de San Juan\")—which lies between the city and the mainland. On a bluff about high at the west end of the island and commanding the entrance to the harbor, rise the battlements of Fort San Felipe del Morro, in which there is a lighthouse. The \"Caño de San Antonio\" lies to the southeast, where the island of Old San Juan connects to the mainland through Santurce, by three bridges, \"Puente Dos Hermanos\" (Ashford Avenue), \"Puente G. Esteves\" (Ponce de León Avenue) and \"Puente San Antonio\" (Fernández Juncos Avenue). The city is characterized by its narrow, blue cobblestone streets, and flat roofed brick and stone buildings which date back to the 16th and 17th century—when Puerto Rico was a Spanish possession. Near Fort San Felipe del Morro, is the Casa Blanca, a palace built on land which belonged to the family of Ponce de León. In 1508, Juan Ponce de León founded the original settlement, Caparra (named after the Province of Cáceres, Spain, birthplace of the then-governor of Spain's Caribbean territories, Nicolás de Ovando). The ruins of Caparra are known as the Pueblo Viejo sector of Guaynabo, behind the almost land-locked harbor just to the west of the present San Juan metropolitan area. In 1509, the settlement was abandoned and moved to a site which was called at the time \"Puerto Rico\" (meaning \"rich port\" or \"good port\"), a name that evoked that of a similar geographical harbor in the island of Gran Canaria, Canary Islands. In 1521, the name \"San Juan\" was added, and the newer settlement was given its formal name of \"San Juan Bautista de Puerto Rico\", following the usual custom of christening the town with both its formal name and the name which Christopher Columbus had originally given the islands, honoring John the Baptist. Constructed in 1521, Casa Blanca served as the first fortification of the settlement and residence of Juan Ponce de León descendants, until the mid-eighteenth century. Prior to the 19th century, the area outside the city walls occupying the east side of Old San Juan Island, was almost uninhabited. In 1838 the so-called area of Puerta de Tierra (or \"Land Gate\") had a population of 168 residents, mainly of African descent. According to a census made in 1846, the population had risen to 223 inhabitants living in 58 houses. On March 3, 1865, the municipal government of San Juan approved a resolution promoting the city expansion across the Puerta de Tierra which included the plan for demolishing the city walls along the eastern side. On May 28, 1897, the wall demolition was officially started after a proclamation was issued by Queen Maria Christina. By the year 1899, the population of Puerta de Tierra had risen to 5,453; while the area comprising the old walled city had a civilian population of roughly 18,103 inhabitants. During the late 1940s, disrepair in the old city was evident. The local authorities were considering development proposals for renovating the old city and incorporating modern architecture on new constructions. Anthropologist Ricardo Alegría vehemently advised against the idea of razing old colonial buildings in favor of contemporary building designs. He followed the example suggested by his father, a local civic leader who had successfully prevented the demolition of the \"Capilla del Cristo\" in favor of a traffic redesign. He advised mayor Rincón de Gautier in having local zoning laws changed to favor remodeling and the incorporation of Spanish colonial motifs in any new construction. This helped preserve the city's architectural profile, and has been a key to San Juan's current status as a tourist destination. Later, when Luis Muñoz Marín became governor of Puerto Rico, and the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture (\"Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña\") was founded, Alegría—then named its first director—sought legal and administrative changes that would allow for major remodeling efforts to be successful. At the time, most real estate in Old San Juan had devalued under appraised values because the city was perceived as unsafe (particularly because of building disrepair and social ills such as prostitution) and not profitable for business (because of rent control statutes, as well as the reluctance of commercial banks to fund remodelings). Under combined efforts by the institute and the Government Development Bank for Puerto Rico, \"model\" remodelings were made to show potential property owners how their renewed properties could look. The Bank provided low interest loans to remodelers, and the government gave triple tax exemptions to commercial activities in the old city (they were exempted for a limited time, not only from property taxes and municipal taxes, but from income tax from activities generated in their properties as well). At least one retailer from the shopping district in Charlotte Amalie was given incentives to set up shop in the \"Calle del Cristo\" (the city's red light district during the early 1940s) in order to persuade other retailers to follow suit and somehow \"clean up\" the district. Potential developers were offered sketches of their properties after a remodeling, as to suggest which architectural elements to improve or change. These efforts, however, did not prevent some city blocks from being razed. Strict remodeling codes were implemented to prevent new constructions from affecting the common colonial Spanish architectural themes of the old city. There was a strong push to develop Old San Juan as a \"small Manhattan\". When a project proposal suggested that the old Carmelite Convent in San Juan be demolished to erect a new hotel, the Institute had the building declared a historic building, and asked that it be converted to a hotel in a renewed facility. This was what became the \"Hotel El Convento\" in Old San Juan. The paradigm to reconstruct and renovate the old city and revitalize it has been followed by other cities in Latin America, particularly Havana, Lima and Cartagena de Indias. The San Juan National Historic Site was established in 1949 to preserve historic fortifications in Old San Juan. The historic site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. La Fortaleza along with the San Juan National Historic Site were then declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) in 1983. The \"casco\" (old city within the city walls) of San Juan was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2013. With its abundance of shops, historic places, museums, open air cafés, restaurants, gracious homes, tree-shaded plazas, and its old beauty and architectural peculiarity, Old San Juan is a main spot for domestic and international tourism. A free tourist trolley serves the city. The neighborhood of La Perla outside of the historic city wall on the rocky north coast belongs to sub-barrios Mercado and San Cristóbal. The district is characterized by numerous public plazas and churches including San José Church and the Cathedral of San Juan Bautista, which contains the tomb of the Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León. It also houses the most ancient Catholic school for Elementary education in Puerto Rico, the Colegio de Párvulos, built in 1865. Old San Juan is one of the two \"barrios\", in addition to Santurce,",
"of shops, historic places, museums, open air cafés, restaurants, gracious homes, tree-shaded plazas, and its old beauty and architectural peculiarity, Old San Juan is a main spot for domestic and international tourism. A free tourist trolley serves the city. The neighborhood of La Perla outside of the historic city wall on the rocky north coast belongs to sub-barrios Mercado and San Cristóbal. The district is characterized by numerous public plazas and churches including San José Church and the Cathedral of San Juan Bautista, which contains the tomb of the Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León. It also houses the most ancient Catholic school for Elementary education in Puerto Rico, the Colegio de Párvulos, built in 1865. Old San Juan is one of the two \"barrios\", in addition to Santurce, that made up the municipality of San Juan after 1864 and prior to 1951, in which the former independent municipality of Río Piedras was annexed. The oldest parts of the district of Old San Juan remain partly enclosed by massive walls. Several defensive structures and notable forts, such as the Fort San Felipe del Morro, Castle of San Cristóbal, and \"el Palacio de Santa Catalina\" (also known as La Fortaleza), acted as the primary defense of the settlement which has been subjected to numerous attacks. La Fortaleza continues to serve also as the executive mansion for the Governor of Puerto Rico. Many of the historic fortifications are part of San Juan National Historic Site. Old San Juan is the location for one of two transportation hubs serving Metropolitan San Juan. A free trolley provides limited service to Old San Juan seven days a week. Old San Juan Old San Juan () is a \"barrio\" of San Juan, Puerto Rico, located on the Isleta de San Juan. It is the oldest settlement within Puerto Rico and the historic colonial section of the city of"
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"History of Delta Air Lines Delta Air Lines is a major American airline with a history dating back to 1924. The company recognizes four founders: the principal founder Collett E. Woolman, C. H. McHenery, Travis Oliver, and Malcolm S. Biedenharn. Delta's origins can be traced to a decision by B. R. Coad and Collett E. Woolman. Coad was an employee of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's field laboratory in Tallulah, Louisiana; Woolman was with its extension service. They worked on finding a solution to the boll weevil infestation of cotton crops and concluded that the \"dusting\" of an insecticide powder from the air would be the most effective form of treatment. From this decision, Huff Daland Dusters Incorporated was born. It was founded on May 30, 1924, in Macon, Georgia, and became the world's first aerial crop dusting company. The company moved to Monroe, Louisiana, in 1925. Woolman left his position with the extension service and in the off-season traveled with the company to Peru, where they helped to establish crop-dusting and passenger services. With this experience, Woolman returned to the United States and in 1928 raised the capital to buy Huff Daland, purchasing it on September 13, 1928, and renaming the company Delta Air Service, with its headquarters in Monroe. The name Delta, referring to the Mississippi Delta, was suggested by Catherine Fitzgerald, a secretary who later would rise to the rank of an executive in the company. In 1930 the Delta Air Corporation (as it was then called) expanded eastward to include service to Atlanta, the fastest-growing city in the South, and westward to Fort Worth, Texas. This service was terminated in 1930 after the \"Spoils Conference\", when the Post Office awarded the route to American Airlines. Delta's lack of success in winning a commercial airmail contract—the bread and butter of any aspiring airline—jeopardized its existence, and the company suspended passenger service. A reprieve came for Delta on the heels of the \"airmail scandal\", when the U.S. Congress enacted the Air Mail Act of 1934. Woolman secured a low-bid contract for the new Route 33 airmail service between Dallas and Charleston, South Carolina, via Atlanta. In August of that same year Delta resumed passenger services, flying used Stinson \"T\" Trimotors, with a route from Charleston, South Carolina, to Fort Worth, with stops in Columbia, Augusta, Atlanta, Birmingham, and Meridian along the way. On December 24, 1940, the first Delta DC-3 to carry passengers (and second Delta DC-3 overall), nicknamed \"Delta Ship 41\", took to the skies on a revenue flight for the first time. It served Delta until 1958; after it was found in Puerto Rico flying for Air Puerto Rico, the plane was returned to Delta in 1993 and it's now in Delta's flight museum. In 1941, Delta moved its headquarters from Monroe to Atlanta. Until 1941, Delta's network was an unbranched string of twelve cities from Fort Worth to Charleston SC. That December it scheduled ten departures a day at Atlanta: three to Ft Worth, one to Birmingham and two each to Cincinnati, Charleston and Savannah. Those ten flights and their returns were Delta's whole schedule. Delta added jet airliners to its fleet in the 1960s; the Douglas DC-8 entered service in September 1959. Delta's new red, white, and blue triangle logo (the \"widget\") on their aircraft represented the jet's swept wing, as well as the Greek letter \"delta\". Convair 880s were added in 1960 (they set a coast-to-coast record) and in 1965 the DC-9. Delta became an all-jet airline in 1970. In 1961, Delta (and National) routes reached west to California; Delta purchased Northeast Airlines in 1972. Delta Purchased some Boeing 747-100s but were later sold to China Airlines in favour of the Lockheed L-1011. Delta launched its cargo service Delta Air Express in 1975. Delta launched its first frequent flyer program in 1981 which became the SkyMiles program in 1995. In December 1982, Delta took delivery of its first 767-200, named the \"Spirit of Delta\", which was paid for \"by voluntary contributions from employees, retirees and Delta's community partners.\" The effort, called Project 767, was spearheaded by three Delta flight attendants to show the employees' appreciation to Delta for solid management and strong leadership during the first years following airline deregulation.\" The airplane remained in the Delta fleet until 2006, and was repainted in a commemorative paint scheme and toured the country to celebrate the airline's 75th anniversary in 2004. In 1987, Delta merged with Western Airlines. In 1990, Delta became the first U.S. airline to operate the McDonnell Douglas MD-11 aircraft, leasing two from Mitsui. Delta expanded dramatically by purchasing most of Pan Am's European routes after Pan Am declared bankruptcy in 1991. Delta initially explored a joint divvying-up of Pan Am's assets with United Airlines where Delta would take over the New York-based European operations and United would take over the Miami-based Latin American operations, but the two carriers reached a major disagreement over which would assume the Pan Am Miami-London route. On September 1, Delta acquired Pan Am's East Coast and European routes including intra-European routes from the Frankfurt hub, (IGS routes to and from Berlin were acquired by Lufthansa) and assumed a controlling interest in the remainder of Pan Am, which continued to operate routes from Miami to London, Paris and Latin America. The total price for these assets was $1.3 billion. Although Delta initially promised further equity injections to keep Pan Am afloat, it refused to do so only a month later, which forced Pan Am to cease operations on December 4. United purchased the remaining assets of Pan Am a few days later, including transatlantic routes from Miami, for a total of $135 million. The Pan Am creditors' committee sued Delta for more than $2.5 billion on December 9. The Pan Am transaction gave Delta the largest transatlantic route network among U.S. airlines. Because of these acquisitions, Delta became and remains the largest U.S. transatlantic carrier, in terms of passengers carried and number of flights operated. The ex-Pan Am routes acquired by Delta included Detroit to London, despite Northwest Airlines' objections due to Delta's small presence in Detroit and Northwest's comparatively larger operations. Northwest later attempted to buy US Air's (now American Airlines) Baltimore-London route for $5 million and transfer the route to Detroit but ended up buying the route from Delta in 1995 for a rumored $32 million. Throughout the 1990s, Delta maintained a secondary hub at Portland for its Asia operations. In addition to regularly scheduled flights to Delta's primary hubs during this time (Atlanta, Cincinnati, Dallas, and Salt Lake City), several of Delta's flights to Asia were routed from Portland and Los Angeles, using L-1011 and MD-11 aircraft. Destinations included Bangkok, Fukuoka (resumed December 28, 2011 from Honolulu as a seasonal route), Hong Kong, Manila, Nagoya, Seoul, Taipei, and Tokyo (resumed June 3, 2009 replacing Northwest Airlines route). Delta was one of the airlines targeted in the failed Operation Bojinka plot: the conspirators planned to bomb a Delta MD-11 flying from Seoul to Bangkok via Taipei on January 21, 1995. Today, all Asia operations from Portland and Los Angeles have ceased (except for Portland-Tokyo and Los Angeles-Tokyo). In 1998, Delta and United Airlines introduced a marketing partnership that included a reciprocal redemption agreement between SkyMiles and Mileage Plus programs and shared lounges. This scheme allowed members of either frequent flier program to earn miles on both carriers and utilize both carriers' lounges. Delta and United attempted to introduce an even closer codeshare agreement, but this was deal was effectively killed by ALPA. In 2000, Delta partnered with AeroMéxico, Air France, and Korean Air to form SkyTeam, a global alliance. Three years",
"Bojinka plot: the conspirators planned to bomb a Delta MD-11 flying from Seoul to Bangkok via Taipei on January 21, 1995. Today, all Asia operations from Portland and Los Angeles have ceased (except for Portland-Tokyo and Los Angeles-Tokyo). In 1998, Delta and United Airlines introduced a marketing partnership that included a reciprocal redemption agreement between SkyMiles and Mileage Plus programs and shared lounges. This scheme allowed members of either frequent flier program to earn miles on both carriers and utilize both carriers' lounges. Delta and United attempted to introduce an even closer codeshare agreement, but this was deal was effectively killed by ALPA. In 2000, Delta partnered with AeroMéxico, Air France, and Korean Air to form SkyTeam, a global alliance. Three years later, Delta began the largest domestic codeshare alliance with Continental Airlines and Northwest Airlines. Today SkyTeam is the second largest airline alliance in the world (after Star Alliance). Delta's short-lived Los Angeles focus city was significantly reduced in 2008, ending the build up toward hub status as Delta went from a high of 48 destinations from the airport to just 17. In an effort to simplify its fleet and capitalize on cross-platform compatibility, not only in pilot training but also maintenance, the airline began to retire its trijets (three-engine planes) in favor of twinjets (two-engine planes). Delta's entire active fleet is now composed of twinjets. The airline is now the world's largest operator of 767 aircraft. As early as 2004, in an effort to avoid bankruptcy, Delta began restructuring the company, which included job cuts and an aggressive expansion of Atlanta operations by some 100 new flights, making it a 'super-hub' and requiring the airline to spread its flight schedule more evenly across the day. On August 15, 2005, in an SEC filing, Delta finalized a deal to sell Delta Connection carrier Atlantic Southeast Airlines (ASA) for $425 million in cash to SkyWest Airlines in an effort to obtain money to avoid bankruptcy. Analysts called the move a desperate one, estimating ASA's worth at around $700–$800 million – a price which SkyWest would not have been willing to pay. Delta sought protection from its creditors under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code on Sept. 14, 2005, via a filing with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York, in Manhattan; the company's liabilities included some $28.27 billion of total debt. Ironically, rival carrier Northwest Airlines also sought Chapter 11 protection that same day via a filing with the same court; Delta and Northwest would eventually merge several years later, after both companies had restructured and had emerged from bankruptcy, with Delta as the surviving corporate entity. In December 2005, Delta cut 26% of its flights at its Cincinnati hub and redeployed the aircraft to its hubs in Atlanta and Salt Lake City. In 2005, Delta accelerated its restructuring, targeting an additional $3 billion per year in cost reductions by 2007. Of that, $970 million was to come from debt relief, lease and facility savings, and previously commenced fleet modifications. Non-union workers' salaries were to be reduced by a minimum of 9% across the board, with a 15% reduction for executive officers and a 25% pay cut for CEO Gerald Grinstein. In December 2005, the Delta pilots agreed to an additional temporary 14% cut in pay, piggybacking onto the 32.5% taken at the beginning of 2005. This cut was made permanent with the ratification of an agreement in June 2006. Additionally, the company planned to lay off between 7,000 and 9,000 of its 52,000 employees. In 2006, Delta purchased rights to fly between New York City and London from United Airlines. On February 24, 2006, Delta, along with Continental Airlines and FedEx Express, saw future operations to Venezuela severely affected by President Hugo Chávez's decision to restrict flights coming into that South American country from the United States. Based on all of these new initiatives, Delta projected a return to profitability by late 2007, based on a crude oil price model of $66 per barrel, in contrast to other bankrupt carriers' restructuring modeled on $55 per barrel. Delta would eventually reach this goal of full year profitability in 2007. Starting in 2007, Delta began offering on-demand programming on all flights longer than four hours at its main hubs in New York City, Salt Lake City, and Atlanta. This countered entertainment offerings of other airlines like JetBlue Airways, and took after Song's services. Live programming and music are free, and movies are available on demand for a nominal fee in coach and for free in first class. Delta also installed an improved in-flight entertainment system on internationally configured aircraft, featuring a personal selection of movies. The system was installed in all classes on Boeing 767-400ER and 777-200ER aircraft, and in the BusinessElite section on Boeing 767-300ER aircraft. On November 9, 2006, the airline recalled 1,000 flight attendants that were previously laid off. Delta also exhausted its pilot recall list and, in December 2006, began accepting pilot applications for the first time in 5 years. They expected to take on close to 200 first officers through 2007. On November 15, 2006, Bloomberg reported that US Airways Group, the parent of US Airways, proposed a takeover of Delta for $8 billion in cash and stock. In addition to Delta management, Delta employees appeared to be extremely skeptical of US Airways management's claims that a merger would result in no job reductions and provide a more secure future for a combined entity. Employees had started wearing \"Keep Delta My Delta\" buttons and campaigning to raise public awareness of their opposition to the proposed takeover. On December 19, 2006, Delta rejected US Airways Group's proposed merger. The airline also launched a media campaign against the merger to raise public support. The campaign, \"Keep Delta My Delta\", was picked up from the employee grassroots effort of the same name. The effort's website harbored an e-petition, quotes from prominent dissidents, and the effects the merger could have on selected localities. In its report, Delta cited many reasons for rejecting the bid, including it would lead to worse customer service, possible layoffs, an inefficient carrier, the carrier with the largest debt-load in the industry, and near-monopoly powers. On December 20, 2006, Delta and its financial advisor, the Blackstone Group, declared that Delta would be valued at between $9.4 billion and $12 billion after emerging from bankruptcy, which would (at the time of this writing ) give it a market capitalization comparable to that of Southwest Airlines Co. or greater than that of American Airlines' AMR Corp. and Continental Airlines, Inc. combined. US Airways Group CEO Doug Parker stated that Delta's self-valuation lacked credibility and was unrealistic. Delta CEO Gerald Grinstein retorted by stating that the Tempe-based airline was \"the worst of all potential merger partners\". On January 10, 2007, US Airways raised its bid by 20%, to $10.2 billion. The revised offer was set to expire by February 1 unless Delta's creditors opened the airline's books to US Airways and delayed a scheduled February 7 court hearing pertaining to Delta's reorganization plan. Delta responded with a statement, claiming that \"...the revised proposal does not address significant concerns that have been raised about the initial US Airways proposal and, in fact, would increase the debt burden of the combined company by yet another $1 billion.\" That same day Delta Air Lines was speculated to be in talks with Continental Airlines, Northwest Airlines and United Airlines to fend off the US Airways bid. CEO Gerald Grinstein, however, denied that any serious negotiations were ongoing with Northwest or any other airline. On January 28, 2007, US Airways holding company raised its bid",
"was set to expire by February 1 unless Delta's creditors opened the airline's books to US Airways and delayed a scheduled February 7 court hearing pertaining to Delta's reorganization plan. Delta responded with a statement, claiming that \"...the revised proposal does not address significant concerns that have been raised about the initial US Airways proposal and, in fact, would increase the debt burden of the combined company by yet another $1 billion.\" That same day Delta Air Lines was speculated to be in talks with Continental Airlines, Northwest Airlines and United Airlines to fend off the US Airways bid. CEO Gerald Grinstein, however, denied that any serious negotiations were ongoing with Northwest or any other airline. On January 28, 2007, US Airways holding company raised its bid by another $1 billion according to the \"Wall Street Journal\", but company spokesmen denied any change. On January 31, 2007, Delta's creditors rejected US Airways' hostile takeover attempt, and US Airways withdrew its offer to buy Delta. On the same day, executives and employees of the company gathered to celebrate the re-lighting of the historic \"FLY DELTA JETS\" sign at the company's main hub, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. On April 25, 2007, the airline's bankruptcy plan was approved by the bankruptcy court. On April 30, 2007, Delta Air Lines emerged from bankruptcy protection as an independent carrier. Delta also unveiled a new logo, reminiscent of its logo from the 1970s and 1980s, and a new paint scheme. Delta's previous stock was canceled as of Monday, April 30, 2007, and new shares are trading on a \"when issued\" basis on the New York Stock Exchange. These shares began trading normally on Thursday, May 3, 2007. The starting price was around $20.00 a share, and went up to as high as $23.35. But investors showed little confidence in the stock as the price fell to $19.00 later in the week. Upon exiting bankruptcy, Delta increased operations at Los Angeles International Airport by 50%, thus establishing Los Angeles as Delta's second West Coast hub and new potential Asian gateway with a total of 99 daily departures. On May 10, 2007, Delta began a partnership with US Helicopter, who provides service from John F. Kennedy International Airport to several helipads in downtown Manhattan. On July 12, 2007, Delta and its SkyTeam partners forfeited slots in the European Union to relieve antitrust concerns. On August 21, 2007, Delta named Richard Anderson, former CEO of Northwest Airlines and executive at UnitedHealth Group, as a replacement for outgoing CEO Gerald Grinstein. Anderson assumed the post on September 1. On November 14, 2007, Pardus Capital Management LP, a hedge fund that owns 7 million shares of Delta and 5.6 million shares of United, called for the two carriers to merge. This action sent shares of both airlines up. However, the two airlines quickly denied official talks of any merger. In an effort to expand Delta's Tokyo hub operations at Narita International Airport after the merger with Northwest, on September 11, 2009, Japan's NHK reported that Japan Airlines (JAL) was seriously considering allowing Delta to become a majority shareholder. However, JAL is a member of Oneworld, which is rival to Delta's SkyTeam alliance. In addition, it was reported that JAL was in talks with Delta's partner, Air France-KLM, and JAL's Oneworld partner and Delta's rival, American Airlines, for equity investments in the airline. On January 4, 2010, the Yomiuri Shimbun reported that JAL and the Japanese government-backed Enterprise Turnaround Initiative Corporation of Japan would likely choose to form a business and capital tie-up with Delta, and that JAL would enter the SkyTeam alliance as part of the deal. The move, according to the report, would reduce JAL's international flight operations in favor of code-share agreements with Delta. The report also said that American Airlines had begun procedures to end negotiations with JAL. A JAL spokesman denied the report, stating that negotiations with Delta and American were continuing. \"Yomiuri\" reported, on January 16, 2010, that Delta had reached an agreement with JAL on a tie-up consisting mostly of code-sharing flight services. JAL and Delta intended to sign the agreement after JAL's bankruptcy protection proceedings began, and both airlines would apply for antitrust immunity with the United States Department of Transportation. Also, JAL announced that it would leave Oneworld and would join the SkyTeam alliance. JAL was expected to officially announce the tie-up with Delta and the switch from Oneworld to SkyTeam on February 1, 2010, the day Delta's and Northwest's reservation systems would merge. On February 8, 2010, Japan Airlines chose to remain partners with American Airlines and stay in Oneworld, ending talks with Delta. On April 14, 2008, following merger talks first reported on January 15, 2008, Delta and Northwest Airlines announced that they would merge to create the world's largest airline under the Delta name. The merger formed the largest commercial airline in the world, with 786 aircraft. The Atlanta-based combined airline will have $17.7 billion enterprise value. The company also stated on April 14, 2008 that it agreed with its pilot union to extend the existing collective bargaining agreement through the end of 2012. The agreement, subject to a vote by the pilots, provides Delta pilots a 3.5 percent equity stake in the created new airline. Northwest WorldPerks was merged into Delta SkyMiles on October 1, 2009. Operating certificates were merged on December 31, 2009. Reservations systems were merged on January 31, 2010, officially retiring the Northwest brand. The deal passed anti-trust overview from the Department of Justice; as most analysis expected, the deal was not blocked, due to the minimal overlap between the two airlines' routes and very little threat to competition in the industry. The merger was also expected to be the subject of several hearings on Capitol Hill. Representative Jim Oberstar of Minnesota, who also serves as chair of the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, made clear his opposition to the merger, and he fought it in Washington. There was also strong support for the merger at the Capitol from legislators from Georgia, including Representative Lynn Westmoreland, Representative David Scott, and Senator Johnny Isakson. On August 7, 2008, the merger won regulatory approval from the European Union. After a six-month investigation, government economists concluded the merger would likely drive down costs for consumers without curbing competition. On October 29, 2008, the United States Department of Justice approved the merger between Delta Air Lines and Northwest. All of Northwest's aircraft were eventually repainted in Delta's livery. Northwest's three US hubs were rebranded and gates have been consolidated along with other US airports. In airports where Northwest and Delta operated in separate terminals, one airline moved to another's terminal. In May 2012 the final group of employees and flight attendants began to work together. They had previously voted No to Union representation. In 2015 the airline entered a partnership with China Eastern Airlines in which Delta will buy a 3.55% share in China Eastern for $450m. In August 2016 thousands of airline flights were delayed or cancelled due to a technology issue. Tens of thousands of people were stranded worldwide. In September 2017, Delta flight JFK-SJU-JFK became famous for fleeing a hurricane just before it arrived. In October 2018, Delta Air Lines received their first Airbus A220-100, N101DU, in an order of 75 jets. Delta Air Lines as it exists today is the result of numerous mergers over its history. Predecessor carriers include: History of Delta Air Lines Delta Air Lines is a major American airline with a history dating back to 1924. The company recognizes four founders: the principal founder Collett E.",
"In 2015 the airline entered a partnership with China Eastern Airlines in which Delta will buy a 3.55% share in China Eastern for $450m. In August 2016 thousands of airline flights were delayed or cancelled due to a technology issue. Tens of thousands of people were stranded worldwide. In September 2017, Delta flight JFK-SJU-JFK became famous for fleeing a hurricane just before it arrived. In October 2018, Delta Air Lines received their first Airbus A220-100, N101DU, in an order of 75 jets. Delta Air Lines as it exists today is the result of numerous mergers over its history. Predecessor carriers include: History of Delta Air Lines Delta Air Lines is a major American airline with a history dating back to 1924. The company recognizes four founders: the principal founder Collett E. Woolman, C. H. McHenery, Travis Oliver, and Malcolm S. Biedenharn. Delta's origins can be traced to a decision by B. R. Coad and Collett E. Woolman. Coad was an employee of the"
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"Monument to Peter I (St. Michael's Castle) The Monument to Peter I () is a bronze equestrian monument of Peter the Great in front of the St. Michael's Castle in Saint Petersburg, Russia. In 1716, emperor Peter the Great commissioned the Italian sculptor Carlo Bartolomeo Rastrelli to design an equestrian statue in commemoration of the Russian victories over Sweden in the Great Northern War. Rastrelli worked for eight years with a model of the monument before it was approved by the emperor in 1724. But as the emperor died the following year, work halted and the sculpture's casting was only completed after the sculptor's death, by 1747, only to remain in a local warehouse, and not to be erected until 53 years later. In the meantime, Catherine the Great had ordered another monument in memory of her predecessor Peter the Great - the \"Bronze Horseman\", the most famous statue of Peter the Great in St Petersburg. At the base of the \"Bronze Horseman\", Catherine even linked her name with Peter the Great, an expression of Catherine's attitude toward her predecessor and her view of her own place in the line of great Russian rulers. Catherine, who, having gained her position through a palace coup, had no legal claim to the throne, was anxious to appear as Peter's rightful heir. Only in 1800, during the reign of emperor Paul I, was the Monument to Peter I finally erected. It was placed on a pedestal faced with green, red and white-shaded Finnish marble that is decorated with bas-reliefs depicting scenes of two Russian victories over Sweden during the Great Northern War, the Battle of Poltava and the Battle of Hangö, and also an allegorical composition with trophies. The Russian victories at Poltava and near Hangö, Finland helped Russia become the dominant power in the north of the continent. Peter the Great led his troops to both victories. By order of emperor Paul I, the inscription \"\"To Great Grandfather from Great Grandson\"\" (\"Прадеду - правнук\") was made on the pedestal, a subtle but obvious allusion to the Latin \"\"Petro Primo Catherina Secunda\"\", the dedication by Catherine the Great on the \"Bronze Horseman\". During World War II, the equestrian statue of Peter I was removed from its pedestal and sheltered from the 900-day German siege of the city. In 1945, the statue was restored and returned to its pedestal. Monument to Peter I (St."
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"Ian McNamara Ian McNamara, commonly known as \"Macca\", is an Australian radio presenter, singer-songwriter and producer, best known for hosting the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's long running radio program \"Australia All Over\" on the ABC Local Radio network. McNamara graduated from the University of Sydney with a Bachelor of Economics degree before working as a jackaroo. In 1973 he played the guitar with Col Joye and the Joy Boys. McNamara first joined the ABC in 1974, in the industrial relations department, but moved to the rural department two years later as a rural reporter. He then spent 12 months in television, working on \"A Big Country\" and \"Countrywide\", before returning to rural radio in 1980 as a reporter and, eventually, the presenter of \"Australia All Over\". In 1984, he was appointed executive producer of the current affairs program \"City Extra\" (a 2BL current affairs show), but late in 1985 he returned to the Regional Radio Unit as executive producer of programs including \"Morning Extra\", \"Australia All Over\" and \"Resources\". Ian McNamara Ian McNamara, commonly known as \"Macca\", is an Australian radio presenter, singer-songwriter and producer, best known for hosting the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's long running radio program \"Australia All Over\" on"
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"Richard Pimentel Richard Keith Pimentel (born 1948) is an American disability rights advocate, trainer, and speaker who was a strong advocate for the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act. He developed training materials aimed to help employers integrate persons with disabilities into the workplace. Pimentel was born and raised in Portland, Oregon, by his grandmother, as his mother was mentally ill. He lost the majority of his hearing while serving in the Vietnam War, returning to the United States in 1970 almost entirely deaf. He attempted to apply for a rehabilitation program for veterans, but was denied by the Veterans Administration, marking the beginning of a battle with the Administration in order to allow his admittance to Portland State University. His life story is recounted in the 2007 film \"Music Within\". He is a senior partner of Milt Wright & Associates, Inc. Pimentel was born in Portland, Oregon. His mother was mentally ill, his father died in Richard's childhood, he temporarily stayed in a local orphanage, and was mainly raised by his grandmother. He graduated from Jefferson High School in Portland, Oregon, then enlisted in the U.S. Army, was deployed to Vietnam War, and returned 1970 almost completely deaf. He enrolled in a vocational rehabilitation program for veterans but, based on his deafness, the Veterans Administration declined his application to help him become a professional speaker. With support by the university's Speech and Hearing Department's professor and College Bowl founder Ben Padrow, Pimentel finally received a veteran rehabilitation grant to enroll at Portland State University. Starting as a sociology class project at the university, Pimentel developed a training program for supervisors on disability issues to see if that would increase job placements of disabled people. In 1981, he authored the disability attitude training \"Tilting at Windmills Training Program\" (\"Windmills\") to help employers hire more people with disabilities. Since then he trained tens of thousands of workers, supervisors, managers, and representatives of US government agencies and Fortune 500 companies on disability awareness and sensitivity, disability management, return-to-work models for injured and recently disabled employees. Commissioned by the President’s Committee on Employment of Persons with Disabilities, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), and the National Institute of Health (NIH), Pimentel co-authored \"AIDS in the Workplace\" in 1988. This attitudinal training program aimed to reduce congressional resistance to AIDS being covered by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Shortly after the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was signed into law in 1990, the chair of the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission publicly thanked Pimentel for educating employers on disability issues. Beginning in 1997, Pimentel developed training material and acted as keynote speaker for the Marriott Foundation for People with Disabilities. The foundation's \"Bridges\" program helped placing 1,200 young people with disabilities into employment each year. Pimentel started in 2008 with designing and implementing a training program for the employers of disabled veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan focusing on PTSD and traumatic brain injuries. Also in 2008, the Portland State University awarded Richard Pimentel an Honorary Doctorate in Humanities. According to Milt Wright & Associates' website, Pimentel has been the Chairperson of VACOR, the Department of Veterans Affairs' Civilian Advisory Committee for Rehabilitation. Pimentel and his wife, Deborah, are the parents of 12 children. His youngest, a son, born in 2013, was named after his best friend Art Honeyman and the actor who played Art in the movie of his life story, 'Music Within', Michael Sheen. Warner Bros. released in 2007 the full-length motion picture \"Music Within\" based on Pimentel's life story, starring Ron Livingston as Richard Pimentel and Michael Sheen as Art Honeyman. Richard Pimentel Richard Keith Pimentel (born 1948) is an American disability rights advocate, trainer, and speaker who was a strong advocate for the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act. He developed training materials aimed to help employers integrate persons with disabilities into the workplace. Pimentel was born and raised in Portland, Oregon, by his grandmother, as his mother was mentally ill. He lost the majority of his hearing while serving in the Vietnam War, returning to the United States in 1970 almost entirely deaf. He attempted to apply for a rehabilitation program for veterans, but was denied"
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"St. John's Jr. 50's The St. John's Jr. 50's were a Canadian Junior ice hockey club from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. They were members of the St. John's Junior Hockey League, the first ever 3-time Don Johnson Cup Atlantic Junior B Champions and one-time Newfoundland Junior A Champions. In 1980, the St. John's Junior Hockey League was formed. Prior to 1980, there was a junior town-league that was not of a very high caliber. The SJJHL would end up being one of the stronger Atlantic junior leagues in the 1980s, with the 50's leading the way by become the first 3-time Atlantic Junior B Champion. In the old city league, the team was known as the St. John's Jr. Blue Caps, but gained a sponsorship from Labatt Breweries in 1980. In 1979-80, the Jr. Blue Caps lost only once and were winners of the Veitch Memorial Trophy as provincial champions. In the summer of 1980, new St. John's League President Danny Williams would not allow them to adopt a beer sponsored name, so they were known as the St. John's Guards after the \"Guards Athletic Association\" until 1982 when they became the Jr. 50's. In their second season as the Jr. 50's, the 50's lost the final to the St. John's Jr. Shamrocks, but met them again in the Veitch Memorial Trophy final for the right to move on to the Don Johnson Cup and beat them 6-5. By their third season, the 50's had won their first league title, their second Veitch Memorial Trophy in a round robin against the St. John's Jr. Shamrocks, and then their first Don Johnson Cup by defeating the Northumberland Junior B Hockey League's Antigonish Bulldogs in the final. In 1987, two seasons later, the 50's won their second league title, again won the Veitch Memorial Trophy as Newfoundland Junior Champions, and then the Windsor Valley Jets 9-5 in the Don Johnson Cup final to clinch their second Atlantic Championship. In 1988, they made it a third league title and Atlantic Championship to cap off a memorable run. In 1989, the St. John's Junior Hockey League was promoted to Junior A. In the process, the league shrunk from eight to an elite four team league. The 50's would survive this process. The 50's won the 1991 SJJHL title to become Newfoundland Junior A champions. As they moved on into National Playdowns, they competed against the Metro Valley Junior Hockey League's Halifax Canadians for the J. Pius Callaghan Cup Atlantic Junior A Championship. The Canadians swept the 50's in four games to end their Centennial Cup run. The summer of 1991 saw the SJJHL return to Junior B. The 50's would win league titles in 1992 and 1993. In the summer of 1993, the 50's ceased operations and were replaced by the St. John's Jr. Caps. St. John's Jr. 50's The St. John's Jr. 50's were a Canadian Junior ice hockey club from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. They were members of the St."
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"Drzewiecki JD-2 The JD-2 was a Polish sports plane of 1926. It was the first sports plane designed in Poland, that was built in a small series. The JD-2 was the first aircraft constructed by the Aviation Section of the Mechanic Students' Club of the Warsaw University of Technology (later a home of the RWD design team). The main designer was Jerzy Drzewiecki, hence a designation JD. The aircraft was designed in late 1925, around an available Anzani engine. It was the only plane of Drzewiecki's individual design and to carry JD designation, as he later worked as a member of the RWD team. The prototype, with a workshop number SL-4, was built in 1926 and first flown on October 5, 1926 in Warsaw. During landing, a fuel pipe broke and the aircraft burned, injuring the military pilot Kazimierz Kalina. The pilot, however, expressed a good opinion on its handling, so the second modified aircraft was built (SL-6), and one more airframe for static trials (SL-5). The second prototype SL-6 was flown on June 26, 1927. Its handling was however not too good, it was also 90 kg heavier, than estimated. It was given a registration P-PSLA, from 1929: SP-ACA. In 1929 two more aircraft of an improved variant JD-2bis were built for aero clubs, with a financial help of LOPP paramilitary organization. It had changed fuselage front, wing tips and a tail fin (SL-14 and 15, registration numbers: SP-ACD and ACF). In 1930 there was built one more JD-2bis (SL-20, SP-ADP). It was later fitted with a stronger radial engine 80 hp Armstrong Siddeley Genet. The second JD-2 (SP-ACA) was used by the Warsaw Aero Club. Flown by Kazimierz Kalina, it won in the 1st Polish Light Aircraft Contest in October 1929, and flown by Worledge it took the 7th place in the 2nd Contest the following year. In 1929 it was bought by a private owner Pawłowski, who crashed it that year. Next it was repaired and bought by Captain Zbigniew Babiński, who used it for touring flying - by 1931 the plane visited 225 airfields, evident from inscriptions on its fuselage. The plane was written off in August 1935. The JD-2bis SP-ACD was built for Lwów Academic Aero Club and it crashed on 18 August 1930 in Lwów, injuring a pilot M. Pakuła. The other one, SP-ACF, built for Warsaw Academic Aero Club, crashed on 16 March 1930, killing pilot K. Trzetrzewiński. The last JD-2bis, SP-ADP, nicknamed \"Adepcia\" (a female name created from its registration letters), was built for the aviator Witold Rychter. In September–October 1930 Ignacy Giedgowd flying it, took the 3rd place in the 3rd Polish Light Aircraft Contest. It was written off in August 1936. The Ministry of Communication planned to build 10 aircraft for regional aero clubs, also Poznań and Cracov Aero Clubs planned to order JD-2bis, but these planes were not realized. JD-2bis was a difficult to fly machine, with low stability, it was however liked by some pilots. The JD-2 was a wooden construction low-wing braced monoplane, conventional in layout, with open cockpits. A fuselage was rectangular in cross-section, plywood-covered. In the JD-2bis, the fuselage was aluminium covered in an engine section. Wings were two-piece, rectangular with straight tips, two-spar, covered with canvas and plywood (in front section), supported with twin struts. Conventional empennage, covered with plywood (fins) and canvas (elevators and rudder). Two open cockpits in tandem, with individual windshields and twin controls. A safety cage of steel pipes was above the front cockpit (JD-2) or before the front cockpit (JD-2bis). It had a fixed conventional landing gear, sprung with a rubber rope, with a common axle and a rear skid. Drzewiecki JD-2 The JD-2 was a Polish sports plane of 1926. It was the first sports plane designed in Poland, that was built in a small series. The JD-2 was the first aircraft constructed by the Aviation Section of the Mechanic Students' Club of the Warsaw University of Technology (later a home of the RWD design team). The main designer was Jerzy Drzewiecki, hence a designation JD. The aircraft was designed in late 1925, around an available Anzani engine. It was the only plane of Drzewiecki's individual design and"
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"Orthomiella pontis Orthomiella pontis, the straightwing blue, is a small butterfly found in India that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family. Male upperside: deep purplish brown, the purple suffusion visible in some lights, not in others. Forewings and hindwings: uniform, with dark brown, somewhat broad anteciliary lines. Cilia brown alternated with white. Underside: paler, somewhat silky brown. Forewing: base thickly irrorated (sprinkled) with black scales; cell transversely crossed in the middle and along the discocellulars by brown bars of a darker shade than the ground colour of the wing; a transverse, somewhat irregular, catenulated (chain-like), ducal, similarly coloured band followed by a slightly paler, transverse, narrow, lunular, subterminal broad line, beyond which the ground colour is earthy brown, with a superposed terminal series of lunate spots in the interspaces. The cellular and discal markings are faintly edged with white, the terminal markings are generally very obscure. Hindwing: base, posterior half of cell and bases of interspaces 1a, 1, 2 and 3 densely irrorated with black scales with irregular small patches of paler scales superposed thereon; a transverse, catenulated, subbasal dark brown band, a similar shorter band from costa across the discocellulars and a similar very irregular discal band from costa, all merged posteriorly into the irroration of black scales, followed as on the forewing by an obscure, transverse, lunular, subterminal brown line, and a terminal row of ill-defined, similarly coloured, lunate spots. Antenna dark brown, the shafts speckled with white; head, thorax and abdomen deep purplish brown; beneath: palpi, thorax and abdomen fuscous black. Female upperside: dark brown. Forewing: basal two-thirds brilliant purplish blue, much brighter than the purple sheen in the male. Hindwing: a medial area from base extended outwards for about two-thirds the length of the wing, purplish blue as on the forewing. This colour not extended anteriorly to the costa or posteriorly to the dorsum. Cilia of both forewings and hindwings as in the male. Underside: ground colour and markings similar to those of the male, but the latter somewhat more clearly and neatly defined; on the hindwing the irroration of black scales at base and on the posterior half of the wing less extensive. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen as in the male. Orthomiella pontis Orthomiella pontis, the straightwing blue, is a small butterfly found in India that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family. Male upperside: deep purplish brown, the purple suffusion visible in"
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"retrieved": [
"Kediet ej Jill Kediet ej Jill is a mountain in Tiris Zemmour, Mauritania, with the city of Zouérat on its east and Fderick at west. At tall, Kediet ej Jill is the highest peak in Mauritania. The mountain and its surrounding area are rich in iron deposits, thought to have been mined since the 11th century, and commercially exploited since 1952. The current mines are connected to Nouadhibou on the Atlantic coast by a 700-km long railway. Due to the magnetic field, compasses cannot function on the mountain. Similar magnetic fields allowed the discovery of other deposits in the region (magnetite guelbs) in the 1960s. Kediet ej Jill Kediet ej Jill is a mountain in Tiris Zemmour, Mauritania, with the city of Zouérat on its east and Fderick at west. At tall, Kediet ej Jill is the highest peak in Mauritania. The mountain and its surrounding area are rich in iron deposits, thought to have been mined since the 11th century, and commercially exploited since 1952. The current mines are connected to Nouadhibou on the Atlantic coast by a 700-km long railway. Due to the magnetic field, compasses cannot function on the mountain. Similar magnetic fields allowed the discovery of"
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"retrieved": [
"Robert T. Bushnell Robert Tyng Bushnell (born January 9, 1896 in New York City, died October 23, 1949 in Manhattan ) was an American politician who served as Massachusetts Attorney General from 1941-1945. A Boston lawyer, Bushnell served as District Attorney of Middlesex County, President of the Republican Club of Massachusetts, and chairman of the Boston chapter of the Motion Picture Research Council before being elected Attorney General. As Attorney General, Bushnell lead the investigation into the Cocoanut Grove fire. Bushnell's investigation resulted a reform of fire codes and club owner Barney Welansky being convicted of involuntary manslaughter. In 1941, Bushnell and state representative Benjamin Priest conducted the prosecution during the impeachment trial of Massachusetts Governor's Councilor Daniel H. Coakley. On October 2, 1941, the Massachusetts Senate found Coakley guilty on 10 of the 14 articles on impeachment. The Senate voted 28 to 10 to remove Coakley from office and 23 to 15 to bar him for life from holding a place of \"profit or honor or trust\" in the Commonwealth. In 1942, Bushnell tried to have fascist leader Edward Holton James committed to a psychiatric state hospital after he was indicted on charges of criminal libel. In 1943, he indicted Boston Police Commissioner Joseph F. Timilty and six of his subordinates on charges of conspiracy to permit the operation of gambling houses and the registration of bets. Bushnell died on October 23, 1949 in his suite at the Royalton Hotel from a heart attack. Robert T. Bushnell Robert Tyng Bushnell (born January 9, 1896 in New York City, died October 23, 1949 in Manhattan ) was an American politician who served as Massachusetts Attorney General from 1941-1945. A Boston lawyer, Bushnell served as District Attorney of Middlesex County, President of the Republican Club of Massachusetts, and chairman of the"
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"retrieved": [
"John MacMenamin John Eoin MacMenamin (born 14 November 1952) is an Irish judge who has served as a judge of the Supreme Court of Ireland since February 2012. He previously served as a Judge of the High Court from 2004 to 2012. He was educated at University College Dublin and King's Inns. He was called to the Bar in 1975 and became a Senior Counsel in 1991. He was Chairman of the Bar Council from 1997 to 1999. He had a mixed practice, with an emphasis on commerce, insurance and defamation. He represented the \"Sunday Independent\" in the Proinsias De Rossa libel trial. He was legal adviser to the Irish Medical Council and on the VHI board. He was appointed a Judge of the High Court in 2004. He was appointed to the Supreme Court in February 2012. He is married to Lia O’Hegarty, and they have one daughter. John MacMenamin John Eoin MacMenamin (born 14 November 1952) is an Irish judge who has served as a judge of the Supreme Court of Ireland since February 2012. He previously served as a Judge of the High Court from 2004 to 2012. He was educated at University College Dublin and King's"
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"retrieved": [
"A Gallery The A Gallery was a contemporary art gallery in Wimbledon, London run by Fraser Kee Scott. The A Gallery was founded by Fraser Kee Scott in 1997. The gallery's first exhibit was recent Chelsea graduate Alison Jackson's \"Crucifix\", priced at £1,500 and five years later valued at ten times that amount, after she had won a Bafta and written a best-selling book. Since 2015, A Gallery has worked with Raoof Haghighi. In 2004, the gallery exhibited in the window a life-sized nude sculpture, \"This Is Me (Who Am I)\", by Marie White (aged 24), a graduate of Wimbledon College of Art. The work, made from hair, wax and resin, was shown at her degree show without a problem. A lady entered the gallery and expressed interest in the work. Then some local schoolboys entered and made out they were molesting the sculpture, until Scott shouted at them and they left. Some passers-by made complaints to police that the sculpture was \"disgusting\", one stopping a police car to do so. Two policeman went to the gallery, which was advised the work was offensive under the Indecent Displays Act 1991. Chief Inspector Neil Patterson, who visited the gallery, said the work was very lifelike, \"very explicit and very graphic.\" For 24 hours the sculpture was moved to the side of the gallery, out of public view, then returned to the window with two frosted glass panels in place. Scott raised the sculpture's price from £5,000 to £7,000, which he said was nearer its real value, as it had taken eight months and cost £3,000 to make, mainly for 250 hours of the model's time. White said the work was not intended to cause offence, and that, as it was not posed in a \"lewd, crude way\", she was surprised at \"the reaction of males that they can't view a nude sculpture and not imprint the sexual aspect onto her.\" Scott said he knew that \"eye-catching\" sculptures in the gallery window, including a large screaming lady, would \"get attention, but I didn't know it would get this,\" that there were nude sculptures outside the Houses of Parliament, including male figures, and he did not understand why there was so much fuss. The sculpture was later exhibited as part of the town's Feva festival in The Boathouse at Waterside, Knaresborough, White's home town. In October 2005, Scott, described as \"gallery owner—and Stuckist\", said in \"The Daily Telegraph\" that Tate gallery chairman, Paul Myners, was hypocritical for refusing to divulge the price paid by the Tate for its purchase of \"The Upper Room\", paintings by its trustee, Chris Ofili, who had asked other artists to donate work to the gallery. Scott said that Stuckist artists would be painting pictures called \"The Hypocrisy of Myners\" and the best one would be offered to the Tate. The gallery staged \"On Form\", a group show which included Paul Normansell, Diarmuid Byron O'Connor and Stuckist artists, Charles Thomson, Paul Harvey and Peter McArdle, whose painting \"On a Theme of Annunciation\", used to promote the show, was censored by MySpace for showing a nude figure. Scott said it had been removed without warning, called the site \"Murdoch Space\" and said the painting was not porn or titillation, but thought-provoking: \"They don't seem to be able to differentiate between the two!\" In an article in the \"South London Guardian\", Scott talked about the show and also about Scientology. Six weeks later in the \"Evening Standard\", Thomson said the \"South London Guardian\" article put the Stuckists in a difficult position, as he had been promised the gallery was run as a commercial enterprise, and it was \"outrageous\" that the show should be used to promote Scientology, linking it to the Stuckists, who had no connection with the Church. The article had included a painting by Paul Harvey, who said, \"I feel my work was being used without my permission to promote Scientology.\" Leading German Stuckist Peter Klint said it was \"very dangerous\" to co-operate with the gallery and that it would fund Scientology. Scott said that it wasn't \"even an issue\" and he did not use artists to promote Scientology, but was dedicated to selling their work, which he did so very successfully. Interviewed later by Scott, Thomson said that his remarks in the \"Evening Standard\" represented how he saw matters at the time, but that he accepted Scott's subsequent explanation that there was no intention to link the show and the Church and Scott did not realise the article would do this; Thomson said to Scott that the matter was a misunderstanding which had been resolved, and the Stuckists had continued to show successfully at the gallery: \"For the record, I have always found you to be a very honest and principled person with a genuine passion for art.\" In July 2007, the Stuckists held an exhibition at the gallery, \"I Won't Have Sex with You as long as We're Married\". The Stuckist show was titled after words apparently said to Thomson by his ex-wife, Stella Vine on their wedding night. It coincided with the opening of Vine's major show at Modern Art Oxford and was occasioned by Thomson's anger that the material promoting her show omitted any mention of her time with the Stuckists, which he said had had an influence on galvanising her previously \"fairly ordinary\" work. Work in the show included a painting by Harvey based on Vine and Thomson's wedding photo, and two paintings by Mark D of Vine, who holds a placard in one with the words \"Go fuck yourself\", which Vine had previously said to him, when he attempted to buy her work and she found out he had a link with Thomson. Another painting by Mark D, \"the Hypocrisy of Myners\", depicted Tate gallery chairman, Paul Myners. The show also exhibited Michael Dickinson's collage, \"Good Boy\", for which Dickinson faced prosecution in Turkey on a charge of insulting the Turkish prime minister. Leo Goatley, Rose West's solicitor, showed \"New Millennium Economic Symphony\", a painting commenting on the undermining of \"society’s dwindling safety\" as a result of government reforms. Myners visited both Vine's and the Stuckists' shows in succession. Scott said, \"He [Myners] said he wasn't sure why we were so critical when our art was quite similar to the stuff... at the Tate\"; Scott replied, \"...if that were the case why on earth did the Tate turn down the art we offered them?\" In May 2008, Jason James, head of the British Council in Tokyo, ordered a print from the gallery of \"Sir Nicholas Serota Makes an Acquisitions Decision\", Thomson's \"infamous\" painting of Tate gallery director, Sir Nicholas Serota, with a view to unveiling it during Serota's forthcoming visit. A printing delay prevented this. In June 2008, the gallery opened \"Go Figure\" a figurative exhibition by nine artists including Diarmuid Byron O'Connor, Beth Carter, Mila Judge Furstova, Gay Ribisi, Dormice, Carmen Giraldez, Charles Thomson, Thomas Ostenberg and Paul Normansell. An article on \"Go Figure\" in \"GQ\" magazine showed Normansell's painting of Kate Moss, which was seen by the manager of rock band The Killers, who commissioned Normansell to create the artwork for the Day & Age album and the single, Human. The video to the single the Killers featured Normansell's paintings. The A Gallery was located at 154 Merton Hall Road, Wimbledon, SW19 3PZ. A Gallery The A Gallery was a contemporary art gallery in Wimbledon, London run by Fraser Kee Scott. The A Gallery was founded by Fraser Kee Scott in 1997. The gallery's first exhibit was recent Chelsea graduate Alison Jackson's \"Crucifix\", priced at £1,500 and five years later valued at ten times that amount, after she had won a Bafta and written a best-selling book. Since 2015, A Gallery has worked with Raoof Haghighi. In 2004, the gallery exhibited"
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"retrieved": [
"Junction Railroad (Philadelphia) The Junction Railroad was a railroad created in 1860 to connect lines west of downtown Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and allow north-south traffic through the metropolitan area for the first time. The railroad consisted of 3.56 miles of double track and 5.3 miles of sidings. It owned no locomotives or rolling stock. The line connected the Philadelphia and Reading Rail Road line at the west end of the Columbia Bridge over the Schuylkill River, crossed the Pennsylvania Railroad line, ran parallel to Market Street, and turned south to connect with the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad at Gray's Ferry. It came under Pennsylvania Railroad control in 1881, and was eliminated by merger in 1908. In 1860, there were four lines into downtown Philadelphia from the west: The Junction Railroad was incorporated on May 3, 1860, to connect the Reading, Pennsylvania, and PW&B lines through West Philadelphia, which sits across the Schuylkill from downtown. The three lines each bought a one-third share in the Junction Railroad on August 1, 1861, and the company was organized on October 3. Construction began from Belmont to West Philadelphia in 1862, including trackage rights along the PRR between 35th Street (now Zoo interlocking) and Market Street; this opened on November 23, 1863. From West Philadelphia south to Grays Ferry, the Junction Railroad mostly paralleled the WC&P, and had to cross it somewhere, leading to a dispute between the two companies and a delay in opening the southern half. One track opened south of the WC&P crossing at Spruce Street in December 1864, giving a temporary routing via the WC&P through West Philadelphia. The final portion, from Market Street to Spruce Street, including the Market Street Tunnel, opened on July 1, 1866. The Connecting Railway, operated by the Philadelphia and Trenton Railroad, opened in 1867. It served as another connecting link, running from the Junction Railroad and PRR main line at Zoo interlocking east to the lines heading north from downtown. In 1871, the south end was reconfigured due to the Darby Improvement, which moved the PW&B to the current Northeast Corridor alignment; the old alignment was leased to the Reading in 1873. The Reading began operating passenger trains over the entire Junction Railroad on September 3, 1873, with a transfer to the PW&B at Grays Ferry. On April 1, 1876, the Reading leased the northern piece of the line for a year to access a temporary station for U.S. centennial celebrations. The PRR ownership of the middle portion led to problems starting in 1880, when the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad shifted its New York traffic coming off the PW&B to the Delaware and Bound Brook Railroad, using the entire Junction Railroad to Belmont. The PRR gained control of the PW&B in 1881, forcing the B&O to build the Baltimore and Philadelphia Railroad to retain Philadelphia access; this line completely avoided the Junction Railroad by running along the east bank of the Schuylkill. Through Reading trains were also moved off the Junction Railroad, using the B&O's route instead. The PB&W leased the Junction Railroad on March 1, 1899. The PRR's West Philadelphia Elevated Branch, completed in 1904, provided an alternate route for freight trains that would use the central piece of the Junction Railroad through the Market Street Tunnel or the PRR's River Line along the Schuylkill. The Junction Railroad was merged into the PRR on March 31, 1908, becoming the Belmont Branch north of and the Grays Ferry Branch (also 32nd Street Branch) south of West Philadelphia. Except for the Market Street Tunnel, the Grays Ferry Branch was part of the main line from Broad Street Station towards Baltimore. The Belmont Branch remained a connection to the Reading. After the PRR and Reading both became part of Conrail in 1976, it became part of the Harrisburg Line, along with the West Philadelphia Elevated Branch and Delaware Extension to Greenwich Yard. In the 1999 breakup of Conrail, the Harrisburg Line south of Belmont became CSX Transportation's Harrisburg Subdivision. The old Junction Railroad through the Market Street Tunnel has been abandoned, and the rest of the line is now a SEPTA Regional Rail main line to Arsenal Interlocking and Amtrak's Northeast Corridor to Grays Ferry. Junction"
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"retrieved": [
"Richard Griffith (general) Richard Griffith (January 11, 1814 – June 29, 1862) was a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He was mortally wounded at the Battle of Savage's Station during the 1862 Peninsula Campaign. He was one of a number of Confederate generals who were born in the North in Pennsylvania. Griffith was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. After graduating from Ohio University in Athens, Ohio, he moved to Vicksburg, Mississippi, in about 1840. During the Mexican War, he served as an infantryman with the 1st Regiment of Mississippi Rifles, where he met and became friends with Colonel Jefferson Davis. After the war, he returned to civilian life and made his living as a banker and a U.S. Marshal. He was active in state and local politics, and was elected as the State Treasurer of Mississippi in 1847. He was a member of the antebellum state militia, holding the rank of brigadier general. His wife was Sallie Ann Whitfield, and they had four sons, including Benjamin Griffith who was mayor of Vicksburg, MS, 1905–1909. When the Civil War began, Griffith was appointed as the colonel of the 12th Mississippi Infantry in May 1861. He was promoted to brigadier general on November 2 and put in command of a brigade of four Mississippi regiments that became part of Maj. Gen. John B. Magruder's division in April 1862. He soon saw action in the Seven Days Battles near Richmond, Virginia. It was during this fighting that General Griffith was mortally wounded. On June 29, 1862, Griffith and his men were pursuing Union soldiers retreating from positions on the Nine Mile Road when they encountered elements of Maj. Gen. Edwin V. Sumner's II Corps near Savage's Station, who were guarding the Union forces' retreat. In heavy artillery fire, Griffith was wounded in his thigh by a shell fragment. When he was informed that he was fatally wounded, it is reported that General Griffith said, \"If only I could have led my brigade through this battle, I would have died satisfied.\" Griffith was taken to Richmond, but succumbed to his wounds the same day. He is buried in Greenwood Cemetery in Jackson, Mississippi. The loss of General Griffith was much lamented by many, including his long-time friend Jefferson Davis. Of the fighting at Savage's Station he wrote, \"Our loss was small in numbers, but great in value. Among others who could ill be spared, here fell the gallant soldier, the useful citizen, the true friend and Christian gentleman, Brigadier General Richard Griffith. He had served with distinction in foreign war, and, when the South was invaded, was among the first to take up arms in defense of our rights.\" Later in the war, a group of soldier-musicians called \"The McLaws Minstrels,\" serving under Lafayette McLaws and formerly under General Griffith, would play at a theater in Fredericksburg. They charged a modest admission fee, the proceeds from which were used to erect a monument in the Mississippi State Capitol in honor of their fallen commander. His portrait hangs in Beauvoir, the Jefferson Davis Home and Presidential Library, and a copy of that portrait hangs in the Mississippi Hall of Fame in the Old Capitol Museum. Three blocks from the museum, East and West Griffith Streets are named after him. Richard Griffith (general) Richard Griffith (January 11, 1814 – June 29, 1862) was a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He was mortally wounded at the Battle of Savage's Station during the 1862 Peninsula Campaign. He was one of a number of Confederate generals"
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