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"retrieved": [
"Ben Salisbury Notable television credits include the BAFTA nominated David Attenborough series \"The Life of Mammals\" and \"Life in the Undergrowth\", and the BAFTA-winning series \"Life in Cold Blood\". He was nominated for an Emmy Award for his score for the Wildlife on One film \"Operation Dung Beetle\" Salisbury appears as co-writer, string arranger and musician on the Malachai album \"Return To The Ugly Side\" and The Beekeepers album \"Apiculture\". He also co-wrote the album \"Drokk: Music Inspired By Mega City One\" with Portishead's Geoff Barrow, and writes and records as one half of the duo Dolman with Scott Hendy. Dolman released their eponymous debut album on Inflection Point records in June 2014. In 2012 Salisbury composed the score for the documentary feature film \"Beyonce: Life Is But A Dream\" directed by Beyoncé - a behind the scenes look at the singer's life and music. Together with Geoff Barrow, he scored the feature film \"Ex Machina\", Alex Garland’s directorial debut, released in the UK in January 2015. Salisbury and Barrow won the 2016 Ivor Novello award for Best Original Score for \"Ex Machina\". The two teamed up again to score Garland's \"Annihilation\" (2018). 2015: \"Ex Machina\" Alex Garland With Geoff Barrow, First collaboration. Album label at Back Lot Music 2016: Men Against Fire With Geoff Barrow Album Label at Lakeshore Records. 2017: Free Fire Ben Wheatley With Geoff Barrow Album Label at Lakeshore Records. 2018: Annihilation Alex Garland With Geoff Barrow, Second collaboration with director Alex Garland Album label at Lakeshore Records. Ben Salisbury Notable television credits include the BAFTA nominated David Attenborough series \"The Life of Mammals\" and \"Life in the Undergrowth\", and the BAFTA-winning series \"Life in Cold Blood\". He was nominated for an Emmy Award for his score for the Wildlife on One film \"Operation Dung Beetle\""
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"Felix English Felix English (born 11 October 1992) is a professional cyclist from Brighton who rides for Ireland. English rides on the road and on the track. As a junior, he won five British national titles until he decided in 2010 to represent Ireland, the home country of his parents. In September 2010, he set a new Irish Junior record during a track meeting in Apeldoorn, 1:07.9 over 1000 metres. At the 2010 UEC European Track Championships, English surprisingly defeated Sir Chris Hoy in the first round of the sprint event. In 2012, English won the fourth stage of the Irish Sea Tour of the North. Twice he started at UCI Road World Championships. In 2012, he became Irish National Criterium Champion. In the same year he started to ride for the \"UCI Continental Team\" Rapha Condor-JLT and also for the Irish national Team. In 2013, English established himself as one of the leading criterium riders in the UK - taking victories in the British Elite Circuit Series and The Milk Race. In 2014, English showed his potential on the world stage taking 2nd in the first round of the Mitchelton Bay Criteriums and winning the overall sprinters jersey. He then went on to the heavily contested Jayco Herald Sun Tour where he took 4th place in the opening prologue - picking up the young rider leaders jersey - and taking 3rd place in the bunch sprint on stage 3. In November 2015 he was announced as a member of the squad for 2016. Felix English Felix English (born 11 October 1992) is a professional cyclist from Brighton who rides for Ireland. English rides on the road and on the track. As a junior, he won five British national titles until he decided in 2010 to represent Ireland, the home"
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"retrieved": [
"Diaspora (software) Diaspora is a free personal web server that implements a distributed social networking service. Installations of the software form nodes (termed \"pods\") which make up the distributed Diaspora social network. The project was founded by Dan Grippi, Maxwell Salzberg, Raphael Sofaer and Ilya Zhitomirskiy, students at New York University's Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences. The group received crowdfunding in excess of $200,000 via Kickstarter. A consumer alpha version was released on 23 November 2010. Konrad Lawson, blogging for the Chronicle of Higher Education, suggested Diaspora in July 2011 as an alternative to corporately produced software. Diaspora is intended to address privacy concerns related to centralized social networks by allowing users set up their own server (or \"pod\") to host content; pods can then interact to share status updates, photographs, and other social data. It allows its users to host their data with a traditional web host, a cloud-based host, an ISP, or a friend. The framework, which is built on Ruby on Rails, is free software and can be modified and extended by external developers. A key part of the original Diaspora software design concept was that it should act as a \"social aggregator\", allowing posts to be easily imported from Facebook, Tumblr and Twitter. As \"Village Voice\" writer Nick Pinto explained, \"the idea is that this lowers the barriers to joining the network, and as more of your friends join, you no longer need to bounce communications through Facebook. Instead, you can communicate directly, securely, and without running exchanges past the prying eyes of Zuckerberg and his business associates.\" As of 2016, the API for this feature was still under discussion. After the project raised over $200,000 in crowdfunding via the Kickstarter website by 1 June 2010, the group began working on the software. A developer preview with a number of security holes was released on 15 September 2010. On 23 November, a redesigned website was published in preparation for the alpha release, with the old site still available as a blog section. The early security holes were fixed with the alpha release. The early alpha version contained many bugs and security flaws, but feedback on the free software led to quick improvements. After its foundation was completed, Diaspora's developers intended to concentrate on creating a \"battery of add-on modules\" in order to \"facilitate any type of communication,\" and planned to offer a paid hosting service for Diaspora seeds. The software's beta release was originally scheduled for November 2011, but was postponed due to the need to add new design features and also Zhitomirskiy's death. In February 2012, the developers indicated that they had completed work on the software back-end to improve both pod up-time and website response time. The next phase of work involved changes to the user interface and its associated terminology to reflect the way users are actually interacting, as the software moves towards beta status, anticipated for later on in 2012. By May 2012, development was underway to allow a high degree of customization of user posts, permitting users to post different media, such as text, photos and video with a high degree of personalization and individual expression. The developers felt that allowing individual creativity in posts would differentiate the Diaspora platform from competitors. In June 2012, the development team was scheduled to move to Mountain View, California as part of work with startup accelerator Y Combinator. In August 2012 the developers focus changed to working on creating makr.io, as part of their yCombinator class. In August 2012, the founders of Diaspora announced that they would let the community take over governance of the project, while they would stay involved, but take a lesser role. The project was adopted by, and became part of, the Free Software Support Network (FSSN), which is in turn run by Eben Moglen and the Software Freedom Law Center. The FSSN acts as an umbrella organization to Diaspora development and manages Diaspora's branding, finances and legal assets. In October 2012, the project made its first community release at 0.0.1.0, dropping all references to the Alpha/Beta branding it had previously used. At the same time development was moved to a development branch, leaving the master branch for stable releases. Additionally, efforts were underway to package Diaspora for Linux distributions and other systems. Diaspora uses a semantic versioning scheme that is prefixed with another number which will be increased when necessary to indicate a major milestone for the project. These are the major software versions released since community development started in August 2012. Diaspora (software) Diaspora is a free personal web server that implements a distributed social networking service. Installations of the software form nodes (termed \"pods\") which make up the distributed Diaspora social network. The project was founded by Dan Grippi, Maxwell Salzberg, Raphael Sofaer and Ilya Zhitomirskiy, students"
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"retrieved": [
"Samuel Hallett Samuel Hallett (1827 – July 27, 1864) was an American railroad developer, particularly known for the initial development of the eastern branch of the Union Pacific Railroad. Hallett was born in Canisteo, New York. In 1848 he married Ann Elizabeth McDowell of Wayne, New York, sister to Francis M. McDowell. Hallett and the McDowell brothers, along with Civil War General Nirom Crane, engaged in a number of enterprises including the Hallett & Co. Bank in New York City. In 1854 he built a large mansion in his wife's home town, known as the \"Hallett House\" or \"The Aisle of Pines\". He unsuccessfully ran for congress in 1856. In 1863 Hallett’s firm, in association with John C. Fremont, bought the controlling interest in the Leavenworth, Pawnee and Western railroad. This line became the Union Pacific Eastern Division and then the Kansas Pacific Railway. They soon ran short of money and Hallett went before Congress to get additional funds for the road. After a dispute with Hallett, Fremont withdrew but Hallett took over and continued construction of the Kansas link of the railroad to the Pacific. The process of building the railroad was highly political, and in the political maneuvering, Hallett came into conflict with the chief engineer of the Kansas Pacific, Orlando A. Talcott. Talcott, in a letter to president Abraham Lincoln, accused Hallett of substandard construction of the railroad. This letter was referred to the interior secretary John Palmer Usher who was a close friend of Hallett, and so Hallett was informed of it. As a result, Talcott was physically assaulted by one of Hallett's brothers in Wyandotte, Kansas (across the Kansas River from Kansas City, Kansas). On July 27, 1864, Talcott retaliated by shooting Samuel Hallett dead in the streets of Wyandotte. Samuel Hallett Samuel Hallett (1827"
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"Samshvilde Sioni inscription The Samshvilde Sioni inscription () is the Georgian language inscription written in the Georgian \"Asomtavruli\" script on the Sioni Church in Samshvilde, a ruined basilica located in the Tetritsqaro Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia. Originally the inscription was 35 \"metres\" long but only 10 metres of inscription survived. The inscription mentions Georgian \"eristavis\" Varaz-Bakur and Iovane and two Byzantine Emperors, Constantine V and Leo IV the Khazar. Several scholars differently dated the inscription because of its damage. Sargis Kakabadze dates it to 778 AD, Giorgi Chubinashvili - 8th century, Ekvtime Takaishvili - 958 AD, where Marie-Félicité Brosset thought the inscription was dated to 1313 AD. Samshvilde Sioni inscription The Samshvilde Sioni inscription () is the Georgian language inscription written in the Georgian \"Asomtavruli\" script on the Sioni Church in Samshvilde, a ruined basilica located in the Tetritsqaro Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia. Originally the inscription was 35 \"metres\" long but only 10 metres of inscription survived. The inscription mentions Georgian \"eristavis\" Varaz-Bakur and Iovane and two Byzantine Emperors, Constantine V and Leo IV the Khazar. Several scholars differently dated the inscription because of its damage. Sargis Kakabadze dates it to 778 AD, Giorgi Chubinashvili - 8th century, Ekvtime Takaishvili"
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"retrieved": [
"Bharat Shah Bharat Shah (born 5 August 1944) is an Indian diamond merchant, Hindi film financier and distributor, under his banner VIP Films. He has produced several Bollywood films, such as \"Dil Se..\" (1998) starring Shah Rukh Khan and Manisha Koirala, \"Devdas\" (2002) starring Khan, Madhuri Dixit and Aishwarya Rai, and \"Rascals\" (2011) starring Sanjay Dutt, Ajay Devgn and Kangana Ranaut. In 2001, Shah was arrested following an investigation into whether a film he financed, \"Chori Chori Chupke Chupke\", was funded by the Indian mafia. This arrest led to a conviction in 2003 for not disclosing fellow producer, Nazim Rizwi's links to the Indian mafia. Rizwi and his assistant, Abdul Rahim Allahbaksh Khan, were also convicted of forging links with the Indian mafia to extort film personalities. Shah was sentenced to one year in jail but as he had already spent fourteen months in jail as part of his trial, he was freed. Rizwi and Khan each were sentenced to six years' rigorous imprisonment and a fine of 15 lakhs. Bharat Shah Bharat Shah (born 5 August 1944) is an Indian diamond merchant, Hindi film financier and distributor, under his banner VIP Films. He has produced several Bollywood films, such"
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"The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era is a peer-reviewed academic journal of American history. It is sometimes referred to by the acronym JGAPE. The journal publishes scholarly articles and book reviews relating to the period between 1865 and 1920 in the United States. This range covers the eras of American history referred to by historians as the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era. The journal is published quarterly by the Society for Historians of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era and the Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center. The journal is published for the Society for Historians of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era by Cambridge Journals. The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era is a peer-reviewed academic journal of American history. It is sometimes referred to by the acronym JGAPE. The journal publishes scholarly articles and book reviews relating to the period between 1865 and 1920 in the United States. This range covers the eras of American history referred to by historians as the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era. The journal is published quarterly by the"
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"Jimmy Hayton James A. F. Hayton (born 1925 - death unknown), also known by the nickname of \"Jimmy\", was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s and 1950s. He played at representative level for England and Cumberland, and at club level for Workington Town, as a , i.e. number 8 or 10, during the era of contested scrums. Jimmy Hayton won a cap for England while at Workington in 1949 against Other Nationalities. Jimmy Hayton represented Cumberland. Jimmy Hayton played right-, i.e. number 10, in Cumberland's 5-4 victory over Australia in the 1948–49 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain and France match at the Recreation Ground, Whitehaven on Wednesday 13 October 1948, in front of a crowd of 8,818. Jimmy Hayton played left-, i.e. number 8, in Workington Town's 18-10 victory over Featherstone Rovers in the 1952 Challenge Cup Final during the 1951–52 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 19 April 1952, in front of a crowd of 72,093, and played right- in the 12-21 defeat by Barrow in the 1955 Challenge Cup Final during the 1954-55 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 30 April 1955, in front of a crowd of 66,513. Jimmy Hayton's marriage to Eva (née Asbury) was registered during in fourth ¼ 1949 in Cockermouth district Jimmy Hayton James A. F. Hayton (born 1925 - death unknown), also known by the nickname of \"Jimmy\", was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s and 1950s. He played at representative level for England and Cumberland, and at club level for Workington Town, as a , i.e. number 8 or 10, during the era of contested scrums. Jimmy Hayton won a cap for England while at Workington in 1949 against Other Nationalities. Jimmy Hayton represented Cumberland. Jimmy Hayton played right-,"
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"retrieved": [
"Len Janson Len Janson is an American writer and director whose career in animated cartoons and live-action motion pictures spanned several decades beginning in the 1960s. He began work as an in-betweener at the Walt Disney cartoon studio. By 1965 he had become a story man with his first screen credit in Rudy Larriva's \"Boulder Wham!\". Soon after, he teamed with Chuck Menville to produce a series of live-action films which used the pixilation technique. An example is \"Stop Look and Listen\". By the early 1970s, Janson and Menville had become major names in the animation industry and welcome storytellers at studios such as Filmation and Hanna-Barbera. Their partnership ended with Menville's death in 1992. Janson remained active for a few more years, mainly as story editor for \"Sonic the Hedgehog\". He also wrote episodes of \"Baywatch Nights\". Len Janson Len Janson is an American writer and director whose career in animated cartoons and live-action motion pictures spanned several decades beginning in the 1960s. He began work as an in-betweener at the Walt Disney cartoon studio. By 1965 he had become a story man with his first screen credit in Rudy Larriva's \"Boulder Wham!\". Soon after, he teamed with Chuck"
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"UVR8 UV-B resistance 8 (UVR8) also known as ultraviolet-B receptor UVR8 is an UV-B – sensing protein found in plants and possibly other sources. It is responsible for sensing ultraviolet light in the range 280-315 nm and initiating the plant stress response. It is most sensitive at 285nm, near the lower limit of UVB. UVR8 was first identified as a crucial mediator of a plant's response to UV-B in \"Arabidopsis thaliana\" containing a mutation in this protein. This plant was found to have a hypersensitivity to UV-B which damages DNA. UVR8 is thought to be a unique photoreceptor as it doesn't contain a prosthetic chromophore but its light-sensing ability is intrinsic to the molecule. Tryptophan (Trp) residue 285 has been suggested to act the UV-B sensor, while other Trp residues have been also seen to be involved (Trp233 > Trp337 > Trp94) although in-vivo data suggests that Trp285 and Trp233 are most important. Although the complete genome sequence is only available from a limited number of angiosperms, bioinformatic analysis suggests that there are a large number of UVR8 orthologs. Both number and position of key residues seem to be well conserved among angiosperms but also other plant species (e.g., \"Chlamydomonas reinhardtii\" and \"Volvox carteri\"). The latter implies that UVR8 potentially appeared before the evolutionary split in vascular land plants which would be rational considering that at that time the amount of UV-B radiation that penetrated the earth surface was higher as the ozone layer was not fully developed, hence UV protection and acclimation would be of crucial importance. UVR8 is a β-propeller protein with 7 blade-shaped β-sheets. It shares sequence homology with mammalian proteins involved in regulating chromatin condensation, for example the human RCC1 gene product. In the dark state, UVR8 forms a homodimer that is localized in the cytosol, but UV-B illumination induces the dissociation of UVR8 dimer to its respective monomers and translocation to the nucleus occurs. The dimer is held together via a complex salt bridge network. Upon UV-B irradiation, light is absorbed by one or more Trp residues which are situated adjacent to Arg residues which form salt bridges across the dimer interface. It is thought that this light absorption induces the disruption of the salt-bridges and thus leads to the molecule's monomerization. Following monomerization, UVR8 accumulates in the nucleus where it interacts with a protein called constitutively photomorphogenic 1 (COP1). COP1 is known to act as an E3 Ubiquitin ligase that targets key transcription factors for ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. However, in the case of UVR8, it has been shown to act as a positive regulator of UVR8-mediated UV-B signalling. Upon UV-B illumination, UVR8 interacts via a C-terminal 27 amino acid region with the WD40 domain of COP1 in the nucleus, which triggers the induction of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) — a key transcription factor for several UV-B responsive genes, and overall results in UV-B acclimation. UVR8 UV-B resistance 8 (UVR8) also known as ultraviolet-B receptor UVR8 is an UV-B – sensing protein found in"
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"Vṛṣabha Vṛṣabha, or Vrishabha, is a month in Indian solar calendar. It corresponds to the zodiacal sign of Taurus, and overlaps with about the second half of May and about the first half of June in the Gregorian calendar. In Vedic texts, the Vrsabha month is called Madhava (IAST: Mādhava), but in these ancient texts it has no zodiacal associations. The solar month of Vrsabha overlaps with its lunar month Jyeshtha, in Hindu lunisolar calendars. The Vrsabha is preceded by the solar month of Mesha, and followed by the solar month of Mithuna. The Vrsabha month is called \"Vaikasi\" in the Tamil Hindu calendar. The ancient and medieval era Sanskrit texts of India vary in their calculations about the duration of Vrsabha, just like they do with other months. For example, the \"Surya Siddhanta\" calculates the duration of Vrishabha to be 31 days, 10 hours, 5 minutes and 12 seconds. In contrast, the \"Arya Siddhanta\" calculates the duration of Vrsabha to be 31 days, 9 hours, 37 minutes and 36 seconds. The Indian solar month names are significant in epigraphical studies of South Asia. For example, \"Vrsabha\" month, along with other solar months, are found inscribed in medieval era Hindu temples, sometimes spelled as the Rishabha month. Vrsabha is also an astrological sign in Indian horoscope systems, corresponding to Taurus. Vṛṣabha Vṛṣabha, or Vrishabha, is a month in Indian solar calendar. It corresponds to the zodiacal sign of Taurus, and overlaps with about the second half of May and about the first half of June in the Gregorian calendar. In Vedic texts, the Vrsabha month is called Madhava (IAST: Mādhava), but in these ancient texts it has no zodiacal associations. The solar month of Vrsabha overlaps with its lunar month Jyeshtha, in Hindu lunisolar calendars. The Vrsabha is preceded by"
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"2014–15 Welsh Premier League The 2014–15 Welsh Premier League (known as the Corbett Sports Welsh Premier League for sponsorship reasons) was the 23rd season of the Welsh Premier League, the highest football league within Wales since its establishment in 1992. The season began on 22 August 2014. The New Saints claimed their ninth Welsh top flight championship on 14 March 2015 after a 3–0 win against nearest rivals in the table Bala Town. Afan Lido were relegated out of the Welsh Premier League the previous season, while Cefn Druids were promoted as winners of the Cymru Alliance. Teams play each other twice on a home and away basis, before the league is split into two groups at the end of January 2015 – the top six and the bottom six. Top six Bottom six Teams who finished in positions fourth to seventh at the end of the regular season took part in play-offs to determine the third participant for the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League. The league's rules are contained as a section of the Handbook of the Football Association of Wales. 2014–15 Welsh Premier League The 2014–15 Welsh Premier League (known as the Corbett Sports Welsh Premier League for sponsorship"
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"All Burma Trade Union Congress The All Burma Trade Union Congress was a central trade union organisation in Burma. ABTUC was founded on January 30, 1940. ABTUC had its origins in the All Burma Labour Conference, which had been assembled by the Thakins in July 1939. In August 1940 ABTUC publicly stated the goals of the organisation; racial and gender equality, social welfare, minimum wage, standardisation of working hours, better working conditions and establishing a socialist state with socialisation of production, distribution and exchange. Ba Swe was the main figure behind the ABTUC in its early stage. ABTUC suspended its activities when Japan occupied Burma. ABTUC was re-constituted on June 1, 1945, with Thakin Ba Hein (a prominent leader of the Communist Party of Burma) as its president. At this point, ABTUC counted with fourteen affiliated trade unions with a combined membership of 11,500. On July 9, 1945 ABTUC requested affiliation to the World Federation of Trade Unions. After the death of Thakin Ba Hein in 1946, the leadership of ABTUC was taken over by H. N. Goshal. In November 1945 socialists set up the Trade Union Congress (Burma) to counter the influence of the ABTUC. In July and September 1946 the ABTUC, under the leadership of Thakin Than Tun, organised a series of strikes against the \"repressive measures\" of the AFPFL government. In September, ABTUC organised a general strike. Employees in all government department took part in the general strike. Apart for calling for democratic rights, the general strike also expressed anti-imperialist positions and calls for solidarity with the struggles of the peasantry. In March 1948, ABTUC mobilised a general strike amongst the workers of British-owned industries, refineries, workshops, dockyards, etc. Military forces were mobilised to crush the strike. Striking workers were attacked, and over 100 persons were injured. Soon after this incident, the Communist Party of Burma initiated its campaign of armed struggle. In the wake of the crack-down on the Communist Party of Burma, ABTUC was banned. All Burma Trade Union Congress The All Burma Trade Union Congress was a central trade union organisation in Burma. ABTUC was founded on January 30, 1940. ABTUC had its origins in the All Burma Labour Conference, which had been assembled by the Thakins in July 1939. In August 1940 ABTUC publicly stated the goals of the organisation; racial and gender equality, social welfare, minimum wage, standardisation of working hours, better"
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"Don't Buy This Don't Buy This (also known as Don't Buy This: Five of the Worst Games Ever) is a compilation of video games for the ZX Spectrum released on 1 April 1985. As described on the box, it contains five of the poorest games submitted to publisher Firebird. Instead of rejecting the submissions, they decided to mock the original developers by releasing them together and publicly brand it as \"unoriginal\" and \"awful\". Firebird even disowned all their copyright to the game and encouraged buyers to pirate it at will. Reviews for the game were universally negative, with critics questioning how to critique the game due to its publicity being based on it being a collection of bad games. Despite the negative reception, the game was a commercial success. \"Don't Buy This\" was published by Telecomsoft under their Firebird label. Firebird themselves disowned the game upon release, with Firebird's marketing manager James Leavey claiming that the publishing didn't release the game but the game itself escaped. The publisher also encouraged copying the game. They also offered a chance to win a sticker or badge for people who wrote to the company about the game. It was released on 1 April 1985 under Firebird's Silver Range for £2.50. \"Your Spectrum\" wrote: \"The games aren't that bad as do-it-yourself games but, they won't provide that much fun.\" \"Sinclair User\" said it contained \"five of the most uninspired games ever to disgrace the Spectrum.\" A reviewer for Computer and Video Games noted that the game was difficult to give a score due to it being publicised as being a collection of bad games, but declared it to be \"good for a laugh\". John Szczepaniak from Hardcore Gaming 101 featured the game as part of their \"Your Weekly Kusoge\" column. Szczepaniak, while describing the games as \"uninspired, dull and lazy\", he did not consider them to be the worst games on the ZX Spectrum. Despite the negative criticism towards the game, \"Retro Gamer\" in 2005 reported that it was a commercial success. Don't Buy This Don't Buy This (also known as Don't Buy This: Five of the Worst Games Ever) is a compilation of video games for the ZX Spectrum released on 1 April 1985. As described on the box, it contains five of the poorest games submitted to publisher Firebird. Instead of rejecting the submissions, they decided to mock the original developers by"
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"Timothy Leary Timothy Francis Leary (October 22, 1920 – May 31, 1996) was an American psychologist and writer known for advocating the exploration of the therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs under controlled conditions. As a clinical psychologist at Harvard University, Leary conducted experiments under the Harvard Psilocybin Project in 1960-62 (LSD and psilocybin were still legal in the United States at the time), resulting in the Concord Prison Experiment and the Marsh Chapel Experiment. The scientific legitimacy and ethics of his research were questioned by other Harvard faculty because he took psychedelics together with research subjects and pressured students in his class to take psychedelics in the research studies. Leary and his colleague, Richard Alpert (who later became known as Ram Dass), were fired from Harvard University in May 1963. National illumination as to the effects of psychedelics did not occur until after the Harvard scandal. Leary believed that LSD showed potential for therapeutic use in psychiatry. He used LSD himself and developed a philosophy of mind expansion and personal truth through LSD. After leaving Harvard, he continued to publicly promote the use of psychedelic drugs and became a well-known figure of the counterculture of the 1960s. He popularized catchphrases that promoted his philosophy, such as \"turn on, tune in, drop out\", \"set and setting\", and \"think for yourself and question authority\". He also wrote and spoke frequently about transhumanist concepts involving space migration, intelligence increase, and life extension (SMI²LE), and developed the eight-circuit model of consciousness in his book \"Exo-Psychology\" (1977). He gave lectures, occasionally billing himself as a \"performing philosopher\". During the 1960s and 1970s, he was arrested often enough to see the inside of 36 prisons worldwide. President Richard Nixon once described Leary as \"the most dangerous man in America\". Leary was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, the only child in an Irish Catholic household. His father, Timothy \"Tote\" Leary, was a dentist who left his wife Abigail Ferris when Leary was 14. He graduated from Classical High School in the western Massachusetts city. He attended the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts from September 1938 to June 1940. Under pressure from his father, he then accepted an appointment as a cadet in the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. In the first months as a \"plebe\", he was given numerous demerits for rule infractions and then got into serious trouble for failing to report infractions by other cadets when on supervisory duty. He was alleged to have gone on a drinking binge and to have failed to \"come clean\" about it. He was asked by the Honor Committee to resign for violating the Academy's honor code. He refused and was \"silenced\"—that is, shunned and ignored by his fellow cadets as a tactic to pressure him to resign. He was acquitted by a court-martial, but the silencing measures continued in full force, as well as the onslaught of demerits for small rule infractions. The treatment continued in his sophomore year, and his mother appealed to a family friend, United States Senator David I. Walsh, head of the Senate Naval Affairs Committee, who conducted a personal investigation. Behind the scenes, the Honor Committee revised its position and announced that it would abide by the court-martial verdict. Leary then resigned and was honorably discharged by the Army. Almost 50 years later, he said that it was \"the only fair trial I've had in a court of law\". To the chagrin of his family, Leary elected to transfer to the University of Alabama in late 1941 because of the institution's expeditious response to his application. He enrolled in the university's ROTC program, maintained top grades, and began to cultivate academic interests in psychology (under the aegis of the Middlebury and Harvard-educated Donald Ramsdell) and biology, but he was expelled a year later for spending a night in the female dormitory, losing his student deferment in the midst of World War II. Leary was drafted into the United States Army and reported for basic training at Fort Eustis in January 1943. He remained in the non-commissioned track while enrolled in the psychology subsection of the Army Specialized Training Program, including three months of study at Georgetown University and six months at Ohio State University. With no urgent need for officers at the late juncture in the war, Leary was briefly assigned as a private first class to the Pacific War-bound 2d Combat Cargo Group (which he later characterized as \"a suicide command... whose main mission, as far as I could see, was to eliminate the entire civilian branch of American aviation from post-war rivalry\") at Syracuse Army Air Base in Mattydale, New York. After a fateful reunion with Ramsdell (who was assigned to Deshon General Hospital in Butler, Pennsylvania as chief psychologist) in Buffalo, New York, he was promptly promoted to corporal and reassigned to his mentor's command as a staff psychometrician. He remained in Deshon's deaf rehabilitation clinic for the remainder of the war. While stationed in Butler, Leary began to court Marianne Busch; they married in April 1945. Leary was formally discharged at the rank of sergeant in January 1946, having earned the Good Conduct Medal, the American Defense Service Medal, the American Campaign Medal, and the World War II Victory Medal. Following retroactive suspension, Leary was reinstated at the University of Alabama and received credit for his Ohio State psychology coursework. He completed his degree via correspondence courses and graduated on August 23, 1945. Upon receiving his undergraduate degree, Leary decided to pursue an academic career. In 1946, he received an M.S. in psychology at Washington State University, where he studied under noted educational psychologist Lee Cronbach. His M.S. thesis was a study of the clinical applications of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. In 1947, Marianne gave birth to their first child, Susan. A son, Jack, was born two years later. In 1950, Leary received a Ph.D. in clinical psychology from the University of California, Berkeley. Like many social scientists of the postwar epoch, Leary was galvanized by the objectivity of modern physics; his doctoral dissertation (\"The Social Dimensions of Personality: Group Structure and Process\") approached group therapy as a \"psychlotron\" from which behavioral characteristics could be derived and quantified in a manner analogous to the periodic table, presaging his later development of the interpersonal circumplex. The new Ph.D. stayed on in the Bay Area as an assistant clinical professor of medical psychology at the University of California, San Francisco; concurrently, Leary co-founded Kaiser Hospital's psychology department in Oakland, California and maintained a private consultancy. In 1952, the Leary family spent a year in Spain, subsisting on a research grant. According to Berkeley colleague Marv Freedman, \"Something had been stirred in him in terms of breaking out of being another cog in society...\" Despite his nascent professional success, his marriage was strained by multiple infidelities and mutual alcohol abuse. Marianne eventually committed suicide in 1955, leaving him to raise their son and daughter alone. He described himself during this period as \"an anonymous institutional employee who drove to work each morning in a long line of commuter cars and drove home each night and drank martinis ... like several million middle-class, liberal, intellectual robots.\" From 1954 or 1955 to 1958, Leary was director of psychiatric research at the Kaiser Family Foundation. In 1957, Leary's \"The Interpersonal Diagnosis of Personality\" was published and was hailed as the 'most important book on psychotherapy of the year' by the Annual Review of Psychology. Following the termination of his commodious National",
"professional success, his marriage was strained by multiple infidelities and mutual alcohol abuse. Marianne eventually committed suicide in 1955, leaving him to raise their son and daughter alone. He described himself during this period as \"an anonymous institutional employee who drove to work each morning in a long line of commuter cars and drove home each night and drank martinis ... like several million middle-class, liberal, intellectual robots.\" From 1954 or 1955 to 1958, Leary was director of psychiatric research at the Kaiser Family Foundation. In 1957, Leary's \"The Interpersonal Diagnosis of Personality\" was published and was hailed as the 'most important book on psychotherapy of the year' by the Annual Review of Psychology. Following the termination of his commodious National Institute of Mental Health research grant (precipitated by his absence from a meeting with a NIMH investigator), Leary and his children relocated to Europe in 1958, where he attempted to write his next book on psychology while subsisting on small grants and insurance policies. He was overcome by indigence during an unproductive stay in Florence, and returned to academia in late 1959 as a lecturer in clinical psychology at Harvard University at the behest of Frank Barron (a colleague from Berkeley) and David McClelland. During this period, he resided with his children in nearby Newton, Massachusetts. In addition to his teaching duties, Leary was affiliated with the Harvard Center for Research in Personality under McClelland and oversaw the Harvard Psilocybin Project and concomitant experiments in conjunction with assistant professor Richard Alpert. In 1963, Leary was terminated for failing to give his scheduled class lectures, while he claimed that he had fulfilled his teaching obligations in full. The decision to dismiss him may have been influenced by his role in the popularity of psychedelic substances among Harvard students and faculty members, which were legal at the time. His work in academic psychology expanded on the research of Harry Stack Sullivan and Karen Horney regarding the importance of interpersonal forces in mental health, focusing on how understanding interpersonal processes might facilitate diagnosing disorders and identifying human personality patterns. Leary's dissertation research culminated in the development of the complex and respected interpersonal circumplex model, published in \"The Interpersonal Diagnosis of Personality\", demonstrating how psychologists could methodically use Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scores to predict respondents' interpersonal response characteristics, or ways that they might respond to various interpersonal situations. Leary's research was an important harbinger of transactional analysis, directly prefiguring the popular work of Eric Berne. On May 13, 1957, \"Life\" magazine published an article by R. Gordon Wasson that documented the use of psilocybin mushrooms in religious rites of the indigenous Mazatec people of Mexico. Anthony Russo, a colleague of Leary's, had experimented with psychedelic (or entheogenic) \"Psilocybe mexicana\" mushrooms on a trip to Mexico and told Leary about it. In August 1960, Leary traveled to Cuernavaca, Mexico with Russo and consumed psilocybin mushrooms for the first time, an experience that drastically altered the course of his life. In 1965, Leary commented that he had \"learned more about ... (his) brain and its possibilities ... [and] more about psychology in the five hours after taking these mushrooms than ... in the preceding 15 years of studying and doing research in psychology.\" Leary returned from Mexico to Harvard in 1960, and he and his associates (notably Richard Alpert, later known as Ram Dass) began a research program known as the Harvard Psilocybin Project. The goal was to analyze the effects of psilocybin on human subjects (first prisoners, and later Andover Newton Theological Seminary students) from a synthesized version of the drug (which was legal at the time), one of two active compounds found in a wide variety of hallucinogenic mushrooms, including \"Psilocybe mexicana\". The compound in question was produced by a process developed by Albert Hofmann of Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, who was famous for synthesizing LSD. Beat poet Allen Ginsberg heard about the Harvard research project and asked to join the experiments. Leary was inspired by Ginsberg's enthusiasm, and the two shared an optimism in the benefit of psychedelic substances to help people \"turn on\" (i.e., discover a higher level of consciousness). Together they began a campaign of introducing intellectuals and artists to psychedelics. Leary argued that psychedelic substances—in proper doses, in a stable setting, and under the guidance of psychologists—could alter behavior in beneficial ways not easily attainable through regular therapy. His research focused on treating alcoholism and reforming criminals. Many of his research subjects told of profound mystical and spiritual experiences which they said permanently and positively altered their lives. The Concord Prison Experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of psilocybin combined with psychotherapy on rehabilitation of released prisoners, after being guided through the psychedelic experience, or \"trips,\" by Leary and his associates. Thirty-six prisoners were reported to have repented and sworn to give up future criminal activity. The average recidivism rate was 60 percent for American prisoners in general, whereas the recidivism rate for those involved in Leary's project dropped to 20 percent. The experimenters concluded that long-term reduction in overall criminal recidivism rates could be effected with a combination of psilocybin-assisted group psychotherapy (inside the prison) along with a comprehensive post-release follow-up support program modeled on Alcoholics Anonymous. These conclusions were later contested in a follow-up study on the basis of time differences monitoring the study group vs. the control group, and differences between subjects re-incarcerated for parole violations and those imprisoned for new crimes. The researchers concluded that statistically only a slight improvement could be attributed to psilocybin in contrast to the significant improvement reported by Leary and his colleagues. Rick Doblin suggested that Leary had fallen prey to the Halo Effect, skewing the results and clinical conclusions. Doblin further accused Leary of lacking \"a higher standard\" or \"highest ethical standards in order to regain the trust of regulators\". Ralph Metzner rebuked Doblin for these assertions: \"In my opinion, the existing accepted standards of honesty and truthfulness are perfectly adequate. We have those standards, not to curry favor with regulators, but because it is the agreement within the scientific community that observations should be reported accurately and completely. There is no proof in any of this re-analysis that Leary unethically manipulated his data.\" Leary and Alpert founded the International Federation for Internal Freedom (IFIF) in 1962 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in order to carry out studies in the religious use of psychedelic drugs. This was run by Lisa Bieberman (now known as Licia Kuenning), a friend of Leary. \"The Harvard Crimson\" described her as a \"disciple\" who ran a Psychedelic Information Center out of her home and published a national LSD newspaper. That publication was actually Leary and Alpert's journal \"Psychedelic Review\", and Bieberman (a graduate of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard, who had volunteered for Leary as a student) was its circulation manager. Leary and Alpert's research attracted so much public attention that many who wanted to participate in the experiments had to be turned away due to the high demand. To satisfy the curiosity of those who were turned away, a black market for psychedelics sprang up near the Harvard campus. Other professors in the Harvard Center for",
"This was run by Lisa Bieberman (now known as Licia Kuenning), a friend of Leary. \"The Harvard Crimson\" described her as a \"disciple\" who ran a Psychedelic Information Center out of her home and published a national LSD newspaper. That publication was actually Leary and Alpert's journal \"Psychedelic Review\", and Bieberman (a graduate of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard, who had volunteered for Leary as a student) was its circulation manager. Leary and Alpert's research attracted so much public attention that many who wanted to participate in the experiments had to be turned away due to the high demand. To satisfy the curiosity of those who were turned away, a black market for psychedelics sprang up near the Harvard campus. Other professors in the Harvard Center for Research in Personality raised concerns about the legitimacy and safety of the experiments. They were concerned with Leary and Alpert's abuse of power over students. Leary and Alpert pressured graduate students to participate in their research who they taught in a class required for the students' degrees. Additionally, Leary and Alpert gave psychedelics to undergraduate students despite the university only allowing graduate students to participate. The legitimacy of their research was questioned because Leary and Albert took psychedelics with the students during the experiments. Also, the selection of research participants was not random sampling. These concerns were then printed in \"The Harvard Crimson\" and the publicity that followed resulted in the end of the official experiments, an investigation by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health that was eventually dropped, and the firing of Leary and Alpert. According to Andrew Weil, Leary was fired for not giving his required lectures, while Alpert was fired for allegedly giving psilocybin to an undergraduate in an off-campus apartment. This version is supported by the words of Harvard University president Nathan Marsh Pusey, who released the following statement on May 27, 1963: On May 6, 1963, the Harvard Corporation voted, because Timothy F. Leary, lecturer on clinical psychology, has failed to keep his classroom appointments and has absented himself from Cambridge without permission, to relieve him from further teaching duty and to terminate his salary as of April 30, 1963. Leary's activities interested siblings Peggy, Billy, and Tommy Hitchcock, heirs to the Mellon fortune, who helped Leary and his associates acquire a rambling 64-room mansion in 1963 on an estate in Millbrook, New York, where they continued their experiments. Peggy Hitchcock was director of the International Federation for Internal Freedom (IFIF)'s New York branch, and her brother Billy rented the estate to IFIF. Leary and Alpert immediately set up a communal group with former Psilocybin Project members at the Hitchcock Estate (commonly known as \"Millbrook\"), and the IFIF was subsequently disbanded and renamed the Castalia Foundation (after the intellectual colony in Herman Hesse's The Glass Bead Game). The group's journal was the \"Psychedelic Review\". The core group at Millbrook sought to cultivate the divinity within each person, and often participated in group LSD sessions facilitated by Leary. The Castalia Foundation hosted weekend retreats on the estate where people paid to undergo the psychedelic experience without drugs, through meditation, yoga, and group therapy sessions. Leary later wrote: We saw ourselves as anthropologists from the 21st century inhabiting a time module set somewhere in the dark ages of the 1960s. On this space colony we were attempting to create a new paganism and a new dedication to life as art. The Millbrook estate was later described by Luc Sante of \"The New York Times\" as: the headquarters of Leary and gang for the better part of five years, a period filled with endless parties, epiphanies and breakdowns, emotional dramas of all sizes, and numerous raids and arrests, many of them on flimsy charges concocted by the local assistant district attorney, G. Gordon Liddy. Others contest this characterization of the Millbrook estate. For instance, in \"The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test\", Tom Wolfe portrays Leary as interested only in research and not in using psychedelics merely for recreational purposes. According to \"The Crypt Trip\" chapter of Wolfe's book, Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters visited the residence, and received a frosty reception. Leary himself had the flu on their arrival and wasn't able to play host. He later met Ken Kesey and Ken Babbs quietly in his room and promised to remain allies in the years ahead. In 1964, Leary coauthored a book with Alpert and Ralph Metzner called \"The Psychedelic Experience\" based on the \"Tibetan Book of the Dead\". In it, they wrote: A psychedelic experience is a journey to new realms of consciousness. The scope and content of the experience is limitless, but its characteristic features are the transcendence of verbal concepts, of spacetime dimensions, and of the ego or identity. Such experiences of enlarged consciousness can occur in a variety of ways: sensory deprivation, yoga exercises, disciplined meditation, religious or aesthetic ecstasies, or spontaneously. Most recently they have become available to anyone through the ingestion of psychedelic drugs such as LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, DMT, etc. Of course, the drug does not produce the transcendent experience. It merely acts as a chemical key — it opens the mind, frees the nervous system of its ordinary patterns and structures. Leary married model Birgitte Caroline \"Nena\" von Schlebrügge in 1964 at Millbrook. Both Nena and her brother Bjorn, known as the \"Baron,\" were friends of the Hitchcocks. D. A. Pennebaker, also a Hitchcock friend, and cinematographer Nicholas Proferes documented the event in the short film \"You're Nobody Till Somebody Loves You\". Charles Mingus played piano. The marriage lasted a year before von Schlebrügge divorced Leary in 1965 — she married Indo-Tibetan Buddhist scholar and ex-monk Robert Thurman in 1967 and gave birth to Ganden Thurman that same year. Actress Uma Thurman, her second child, was born in 1970. Leary met Rosemary Woodruff in 1965 at a New York City art exhibit, and invited her to visit Millbrook. After moving in with him there, she co-edited the manuscript for Leary's 1966 book \"Psychedelic Prayers: And Other Meditations\" with Ralph Metzner and Michael Horowitz. The poems in the book were inspired by the \"Tao Te Ching\", and meant to be used as an aid to LSD trips. Woodruff helped Leary prepare for weekend multimedia workshops simulating the psychedelic experience, presented in various cities around the East Coast. In September 1966, Leary gave an interview to \"Playboy\" magazine that became famous. In the interview, Leary claimed, among other things, that LSD could be used to cure homosexuality, telling a story about a lesbian who, according to him, became heterosexual after using the drug. He later changed this view to a more liberal stance suggesting that homosexuality was not an illness in need of a cure. By 1966, recreational drug use, particularly of so-called psychedelic drugs, among America's youth had reached such proportions that serious concerns about the nature of these drugs and the impact their use was having on American culture were expressed in the national press and halls of government. In response to these concerns, Senator Thomas Dodd of Connecticut convened Senate subcommittee hearings in order to try to better understand the drug-use phenomenon, eventually with the intention of \"stamping out\" such usage through the criminalizing of these drugs. Leary was one of several expert witnesses called to testify at these hearings. In his testimony, Leary asserted that \"the challenge of the psychedelic chemicals is not just how to control them, but how to use them.\" He implored the subcommittee not to criminalize psychedelic drug use, which he felt would only serve to",
"youth had reached such proportions that serious concerns about the nature of these drugs and the impact their use was having on American culture were expressed in the national press and halls of government. In response to these concerns, Senator Thomas Dodd of Connecticut convened Senate subcommittee hearings in order to try to better understand the drug-use phenomenon, eventually with the intention of \"stamping out\" such usage through the criminalizing of these drugs. Leary was one of several expert witnesses called to testify at these hearings. In his testimony, Leary asserted that \"the challenge of the psychedelic chemicals is not just how to control them, but how to use them.\" He implored the subcommittee not to criminalize psychedelic drug use, which he felt would only serve to exponentially increase its usage among America's youth while removing the safeguards that controlled \"set and setting\" provided. When subcommittee member Senator Ted Kennedy of Massachusetts asked Leary if LSD usage was \"extremely dangerous,\" Leary replied, \"Sir, the motor car is dangerous if used improperly...Human stupidity and ignorance is the only danger human beings face in this world.\" To conclude his testimony, Leary suggested that legislation be enacted that would require LSD users to be adults who were competently trained and licensed, so that such individuals could use LSD \"for serious purposes, such as spiritual growth, pursuit of knowledge, or their own personal development.\" He presciently noted that without such licensing, the United States would be faced with \"another era of prohibition.\" Leary's testimony proved ineffective; on October 6, 1966, just months after the subcommittee hearings, LSD was banned in California, and by October 1968 LSD was banned in all states as a result of the passage of the Staggers-Dodd Bill. In 1966, Folkways Records recorded Leary reading from his book \"The Psychedelic Experience\", and released the album \"The Psychedelic Experience: Readings from the Book \"The Psychedelic Experience. A Manual Based on the Tibetan...\".\" On September 19, 1966, Leary reorganized the IFIF/Castalia Foundation under the nomenclature of the League for Spiritual Discovery, a religion with LSD as its holy sacrament, in part as an unsuccessful attempt to maintain legal status for the use of LSD and other psychedelics for the religion's adherents, based on a \"freedom of religion\" argument. Leary incorporated the League for Spiritual Discovery as a religious organization in New York State, and their belief structure was based on Leary's mantra: \"drop out, turn on, tune in.\" (The Brotherhood of Eternal Love subsequently considered Leary their spiritual leader, but The Brotherhood did not develop out of International Federation for Internal Freedom.) Nicholas Sand, the clandestine chemist for the Brotherhood of Eternal Love, followed Leary to Millbrook and joined the League for Spiritual Discovery. Sand was designated the \"alchemist\" of the new religion. At the end of 1966, Nina Graboi, a friend and colleague of Leary's who had spent time with him at Millbrook, became the director of the Center for the League of Spiritual Discovery in Greenwich Village. The Center opened in March 1967. Leary and Alpert gave free weekly talks at the center, and other guest speakers included Ralph Metzner and Allen Ginsberg. Leary's papers at the New York Public Library include complete records of the International Federation for Internal Freedom (IFIF), the Castalia Foundation, and the League for Spiritual Discovery. During late 1966 and early 1967, Leary toured college campuses presenting a multimedia performance entitled \"The Death of the Mind\", attempting an artistic replication of the LSD experience. He said that the League for Spiritual Discovery was limited to 360 members and was already at its membership limit, but he encouraged others to form their own psychedelic religions. He published a pamphlet in 1967 called \"Start Your Own Religion\" to encourage people to do so. Leary was invited to attend the January 14, 1967 Human Be-In by Michael Bowen, the primary organizer of the event, a gathering of 30,000 hippies in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park. In speaking to the group, Leary coined the famous phrase \"Turn on, tune in, drop out.\" In a 1988 interview with Neil Strauss, he said that this slogan was \"given to him\" by Marshall McLuhan when the two had lunch in New York City, adding, \"Marshall was very much interested in ideas and marketing, and he started singing something like, 'Psychedelics hit the spot / Five hundred micrograms, that's a lot,' to the tune of [the well-known Pepsi 1950s singing commercial]. Then he started going, 'Tune in, turn on, and drop out.'\" Though the more popular \"turn on, tune in, drop out\" became synonymous with Leary, his actual definition with the League for Spiritual Discovery was: \"\"Drop Out\" – detach yourself from the external social drama which is as dehydrated and ersatz as TV. \"Turn On\" – find a sacrament which returns you to the temple of God, your own body. Go out of your mind. Get high. \"Tune In\" – be reborn. Drop back in to express it. Start a new sequence of behavior that reflects your vision.\" Repeated FBI raids ended the Millbrook era. Leary told author and Prankster Paul Krassner regarding a 1966 raid by Liddy, \"He was a government agent entering our bedroom at midnight. We had every right to shoot him. But I've never owned a weapon in my life. I have never had and never will have a gun around.\" In November 1967, Leary engaged in a televised debate on drug use with MIT professor Jerry Lettvin. At the end of 1967, Leary moved to Laguna Beach, California and made many new friends in Hollywood. \"When he married his third wife, Rosemary Woodruff, in 1967, the event was directed by Ted Markland of \"Bonanza\". All the guests were on acid.\" In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Leary formulated his eight-circuit model of consciousness in collaboration with writer Brian Barritt, in which he wrote that the human mind and nervous system consisted of seven circuits which produce seven levels of consciousness when activated. This model was first published in his short essay \"The Seven Tongues of God\". The system was soon expanded to include an eighth circuit in a revised version first published in the 1973 pamphlet \"Neurologic\", written with Joanna Leary while he was in prison. This eighth-circuit idea was not exhaustively formulated until the publication of \"Exo-Psychology\" by Leary and Robert Anton Wilson's \"Cosmic Trigger\" in 1977. Wilson contributed to the model after befriending Leary in the early 1970s, and used it as a framework for further exposition in his book \"Prometheus Rising\", among other works. Leary believed that the first four of these circuits (\"the Larval Circuits\" or \"Terrestrial Circuits\") are naturally accessed by most people in their lifetimes, triggered at natural transition points in life such as puberty. The second four circuits (\"the Stellar Circuits\" or \"Extra-Terrestrial Circuits\"), Leary wrote, were \"evolutionary offshoots\" of the first four that would be triggered at transition points which humans might acquire if they evolve. These circuits, according to Leary, would equip humans to encompass life in space, as well as the expansion of consciousness that would be necessary to make further scientific and social progress. Leary suggested that some people may \"shift to the latter four gears\", \"i.e.\", trigger these circuits artificially via consciousness-altering techniques such as meditation and spiritual endeavors such as yoga, or by taking psychedelic drugs specific to each circuit. The feeling of floating and uninhibited motion experienced by users of marijuana is one thing that Leary cited as evidence for the purpose of the \"higher\" four circuits. In the eight-circuit model of consciousness, a primary theoretical function of the fifth circuit (the first of the four, according to Leary, developed for life in",
"These circuits, according to Leary, would equip humans to encompass life in space, as well as the expansion of consciousness that would be necessary to make further scientific and social progress. Leary suggested that some people may \"shift to the latter four gears\", \"i.e.\", trigger these circuits artificially via consciousness-altering techniques such as meditation and spiritual endeavors such as yoga, or by taking psychedelic drugs specific to each circuit. The feeling of floating and uninhibited motion experienced by users of marijuana is one thing that Leary cited as evidence for the purpose of the \"higher\" four circuits. In the eight-circuit model of consciousness, a primary theoretical function of the fifth circuit (the first of the four, according to Leary, developed for life in outer space) is to allow humans to become accustomed to life in a zero- or low-gravity environment. Leary's first run-in with the law came on December 20, 1965, when Leary was arrested for possession of marijuana. Leary took his two children, Jack and Susan, and his girlfriend Rosemary Woodruff to Mexico for an extended stay to write a book. On their return from Mexico to the United States, a US Customs Service official found marijuana in Susan's underwear. They had crossed into Nuevo Laredo, Mexico in the late afternoon and discovered that they would have to wait until morning for the appropriate visa for an extended stay. They decided to cross back into Texas to spend the night, and were on the US-Mexico bridge when Rosemary remembered that she had a small amount of marijuana in her possession. It was impossible to throw it out on the bridge, so Susan put it in her underwear. After taking responsibility for the controlled substance, Leary was convicted of possession under the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 on March 11, 1966, sentenced to 30 years in prison, fined $30,000, and ordered to undergo psychiatric treatment. He appealed the case on the basis that the Marihuana Tax Act was unconstitutional, as it required a degree of self-incrimination in blatant violation of the Fifth Amendment. On December 26, 1968, Leary was arrested again in Laguna Beach, California, this time for the possession of two marijuana \"roaches\". Leary alleged that they were planted by the arresting officer, but was convicted of the crime. On May 19, 1969, The Supreme Court concurred with Leary in \"Leary v. United States\", declared the Marihuana Tax Act unconstitutional, and overturned his 1965 conviction. On that same day, Leary announced his candidacy for Governor of California against the Republican incumbent, Ronald Reagan. His campaign slogan was \"Come together, join the party.\" On June 1, 1969, Leary joined John Lennon and Yoko Ono at their Montreal Bed-In, and Lennon subsequently wrote Leary a campaign song called \"Come Together\". On January 21, 1970, Leary received a 10-year sentence for his 1968 offense, with a further 10 added later while in custody for a prior arrest in 1965, for a total of 20 years to be served consecutively. On his arrival in prison, he was given psychological tests used to assign inmates to appropriate work details. Having designed some of these tests himself (including the \"Leary Interpersonal Behavior Inventory\"), Leary answered them in such a way that he seemed to be a very conforming, conventional person with a great interest in forestry and gardening. As a result, he was assigned to work as a gardener in a lower-security prison from which he escaped in September 1970, saying that his non-violent escape was a humorous prank and leaving a challenging note for the authorities to find after he was gone. For a fee of $25,000, paid by The Brotherhood of Eternal Love, the Weathermen smuggled Leary out of prison in a pickup truck driven by Clayton Van Lydegraf. The truck met Leary after he'd escaped over the prison wall by climbing along a telephone wire. The Weathermen then helped both Leary and Rosemary out of the US (and eventually into Algeria). He sought the patronage of Eldridge Cleaver for $10,000 and the remnants of the Black Panther Party's \"government in exile\" in Algeria, but after a short stay with them said that Cleaver had attempted to hold him and his wife hostage. Cleaver had put Leary and his wife under \"house arrest\" due to exasperation with their socialite lifestyle. In 1971, the couple fled to Switzerland, where they were sheltered and effectively imprisoned by a high-living arms dealer, Michel Hauchard, who claimed he had an \"obligation as a gentleman to protect philosophers\"; Hauchard intended to broker a surreptitious film deal, and forced Leary to assign his future earnings (which Leary eventually won back). In 1972, President Richard Nixon's attorney general, John Mitchell, persuaded the Swiss government to imprison Leary, which it did for a month, but refused to extradite him to the United States. Leary and Rosemary separated later that year; she traveled widely, then moved back to the United States where she lived as a fugitive until the 1990s. Shortly after his separation from Rosemary in 1972, Leary became involved with Swiss-born British socialite Joanna Harcourt-Smith, a stepdaughter of financier Árpád Plesch and ex-girlfriend of Hauchard. The couple \"married\" in a hotel under the influence of cocaine and LSD two weeks after they were first introduced, and Harcourt-Smith would use his surname until their breakup in early 1977. They traveled to Vienna, then Beirut, and finally ended up in Kabul, Afghanistan in 1972; according to Luc Sante, \"Afghanistan had no extradition treaty with the United States, but this stricture did not apply to American airliners.\" That interpretation of the law was used by American authorities to interdict the fugitive. \"Before Leary could deplane, he was arrested by an agent of the federal Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs.\" Leary asserted a different story on appeal before the California Court of Appeal for the Second District, namely: At a stopover in the UK, as Leary was being flown back to the US in custody, he requested political asylum from Her Majesty's government to no avail. Back in America, he was held on $5 million bail ($21.5 million in 2006) since Nixon had earlier labeled him as \"the most dangerous man in America.\" At that time, it was the largest bail on a private citizen in American history. The judge at his remand hearing stated, \"If he is allowed to travel freely, he will speak publicly and spread his ideas,\" Facing a total of 95 years in prison, Leary hired criminal defense attorney Bruce Margolin. Leary mostly directed his own defense strategy, which proved to be unsuccessful, as the jury convicted him after deliberating for less than two hours. The Brotherhood drug conspiracy charges were dropped for lack of evidence, but Leary received five years for his prison escape added to his original 10-year sentence. In 1973, he was sent to Folsom Prison in California, and put in solitary confinement. While in Folsom, he was placed in a cell right next to Charles Manson, and though they could not see each other, they could talk together. In their discussions, Manson was surprised and found it difficult to understand why Leary had given people LSD without trying to control them. At one point, Manson said to Leary, \"They took you off the streets so that I could continue with your work.\" Leary feigned cooperation with the FBI's investigation of the Weathermen and its radical attorneys by giving them information that they already had or which he saw as being of little consequence; in response, the FBI gave him the code name \"Charlie Thrush\". In a 1974 news conference, Allen Ginsberg, Ram Dass, and Leary's 25-year-old son Jack denounced Leary, calling Leary a \"cop informant,\" a \"liar,\" and a \"paranoid schizophrenic.\" Leary would later claim, and members of the Weathermen would later support his claim, that no one was ever prosecuted based on any information he gave to the FBI. In 1999, a letter was",
"why Leary had given people LSD without trying to control them. At one point, Manson said to Leary, \"They took you off the streets so that I could continue with your work.\" Leary feigned cooperation with the FBI's investigation of the Weathermen and its radical attorneys by giving them information that they already had or which he saw as being of little consequence; in response, the FBI gave him the code name \"Charlie Thrush\". In a 1974 news conference, Allen Ginsberg, Ram Dass, and Leary's 25-year-old son Jack denounced Leary, calling Leary a \"cop informant,\" a \"liar,\" and a \"paranoid schizophrenic.\" Leary would later claim, and members of the Weathermen would later support his claim, that no one was ever prosecuted based on any information he gave to the FBI. In 1999, a letter was written by 22 'Friends of Timothy Leary' in an attempt to defend his reputation in light of the publication of FBI files relating to the same case. It was signed by authors such as Douglas Rushkoff, Ken Kesey, and Robert Anton Wilson. Susan Sarandon, Genesis P-Orridge and Leary's goddaughter Wynona Ryder also signed the letter. Histories written about the Weather Underground usually mention the Leary chapter in terms of the escape for which they proudly took credit. Leary sent information to the Weather Underground through a sympathetic prisoner that he was considering making a deal with the FBI and waited for their approval. The return message was, \"We understand.\" While in prison, Leary was sued by the parents of Vernon Powell Cox, who had jumped from a third story window of a Berkeley apartment while under the influence of LSD. Cox had taken the drug after attending a lecture, given by Leary, favoring LSD use. Leary was unable to be present due to his incarceration, and unable to arrange for legal representation; a default judgement was entered against him in the amount of $100,000. Leary was released from prison on April 21, 1976 by Governor Jerry Brown. After briefly relocating to San Diego, he took up residence in Laurel Canyon and continued to write books and appear as a lecturer and (by his own terminology) \"stand-up philosopher\". In 1978 he married filmmaker Barbara Blum, also known as Barbara Chase, sister of actress Tanya Roberts. Leary adopted Blum's son Zachary and raised him as his own. During this period, Leary took on several godchildren, including actress Winona Ryder (the daughter of his archivist, Michael Horowitz) and current MIT Media Lab director Joi Ito. Leary began to foster an improbable friendship with former foe G. Gordon Liddy, the Watergate burglar and conservative radio talk-show host. They toured the lecture circuit in 1982 as ex-cons debating a range of social and fiscal issues, including gay rights, abortion, welfare and the environment. Leary generally espoused left-wing views while Liddy continued to conform to a right-wing stance. The tour generated massive publicity and considerable funds for both. The personal appearances, a successful documentary called \"Return Engagement\" chronicling the tour, and the concurrent release of the autobiography \"Flashbacks\" helped to return Leary to the spotlight. In 1988, Leary held a fundraiser for Libertarian presidential candidate Ron Paul. While his stated ambition was to cross over to the mainstream as a Hollywood personality through proposed adaptations of \"Flashbacks\" and other projects, reluctant studios and sponsors ensured that it would never occur. Nonetheless, his extensive touring on the lecture circuit ensured him a very comfortable lifestyle by the mid-1980s, while his colorful past made him a desirable guest at A-list parties throughout the decade. He also attracted a more intellectual crowd including old confederate Robert Anton Wilson, science fiction writers William Gibson and Norman Spinrad, and rock musicians David Byrne and John Frusciante. In addition, he appeared in Johnny Depp's and Gibby Haynes' 1994 film \"Stuff\", which showed Frusciante's squalid living conditions at that time. While he continued his frequent drug use privately rather than evangelizing and proselytizing the use of psychedelics as he had in the 1960s, the latter-day Leary emphasized the importance of space colonization and an ensuing extension of the human lifespan while also providing a detailed explanation of the eight-circuit model of consciousness in books such as \"Info-Psychology: A Re-Vision of Exo-Psychology\", among several others. He adopted the acronym \"SMI²LE\" as a succinct summary of his pre-transhumanist agenda: SM (Space Migration) + I² (intelligence increase) + LE (Life extension), and credited the L5 Society co-founder Keith Henson with helping develop his interest in space migration. Leary's colonization plan varied greatly through the years. According to his initial plan to leave the planet, 5,000 of Earth's most virile and intelligent individuals would be launched on a vessel (Starseed 1) equipped with luxurious amenities. This idea was inspired by the plotline of Paul Kantner's concept album \"Blows Against The Empire\", which in turn was derived from Robert A. Heinlein's Lazarus Long series. Whilst in Folsom Prison in the winter of 1975-76 Leary had become enamoured by Gerard O'Neill's egalitarian plans to construct giant Eden-like High Orbital Mini-Earths (documented in the Robert Anton Wilson lecture \"H.O.M.E.s on LaGrange\") using existing technology and raw materials from the Moon, orbital rock and obsolete satellites. In the 1980s, Leary became fascinated by computers, the Internet, and virtual reality. Leary proclaimed that \"the PC is the LSD of the 1990s\" and admonished bohemians to \"turn on, boot up, jack in\". He became a promoter of virtual reality systems, and sometimes demonstrated a prototype of the Mattel Power Glove as part of his lectures (as in \"From Psychedelics to Cybernetics\"). Around this time he befriended a number of notable people in the field such as Jaron Lanier and Brenda Laurel, a pioneering researcher in virtual environments and human–computer interaction. With the rise of cyberdelic counter-culture, he served as consultant to Billy Idol in the production of the latter's 1993 album \"Cyberpunk\". In 1990, his daughter Susan, aged 42, was arrested in Los Angeles for firing a bullet into her boyfriend's head as he slept. Twice she was ruled mentally unfit to stand trial. While in jail, after years of mental instability, she committed suicide by tying a shoelace around her neck and hanging herself. After his separation and subsequent divorce from Barbara in 1992, Leary ensconced himself in a circle of artists and cultural figures encompassing figures as diverse as actors Johnny Depp, Susan Sarandon, and Dan Aykroyd; Zach Leary; his grandson Ashley Martino and his granddaughters Dieadra Martino and Sara Brown; author Douglas Rushkoff; publisher Bob Guccione, Jr.; and goddaughters Ryder and artist/music–photographer Hilary Hulteen. Despite declining health, he maintained a regular schedule of public appearances through 1994. In the same year, he was honored at a symposium of the American Psychological Association. From 1989 on, Leary had begun to re-establish his connection to unconventional religious movements with an interest in altered states of consciousness. In 1989, he appeared with friend and book collaborator Robert Anton Wilson in a dialog entitled \"The Inner Frontier\" for the Association for Consciousness Exploration, a Cleveland-based group that had been responsible for his first Cleveland, Ohio appearance in 1979. After that, he appeared at the Starwood Festival, a major Neo-Pagan event run by ACE, in 1992 and 1993 (although his planned 1994 WinterStar Symposium appearance was cancelled due to his declining health). In front of hundreds of Neo-Pagans in 1992 he declared, \"I have always considered myself, when I learned what the word meant, I've always considered myself a Pagan.\" He also collaborated with Eric Gullichsen on \"Load and Run High-tech Paganism:",
"religious movements with an interest in altered states of consciousness. In 1989, he appeared with friend and book collaborator Robert Anton Wilson in a dialog entitled \"The Inner Frontier\" for the Association for Consciousness Exploration, a Cleveland-based group that had been responsible for his first Cleveland, Ohio appearance in 1979. After that, he appeared at the Starwood Festival, a major Neo-Pagan event run by ACE, in 1992 and 1993 (although his planned 1994 WinterStar Symposium appearance was cancelled due to his declining health). In front of hundreds of Neo-Pagans in 1992 he declared, \"I have always considered myself, when I learned what the word meant, I've always considered myself a Pagan.\" He also collaborated with Eric Gullichsen on \"Load and Run High-tech Paganism: Digital Polytheism\". Shortly before his death on May 31, 1996, he recorded the \"Right to Fly\" album with Simon Stokes which was released in July 1996. In January 1995, Leary was diagnosed with inoperable prostate cancer. He then notified Ram Dass and other old friends, and began the process of directed dying, which he termed \"designer dying.\" Leary did not reveal the condition to the press at that time, but did so after the death of Jerry Garcia in August. Leary and Ram Dass reunited before Leary's death in May 1996, as seen in the documentary film \"\". Leary's last book before he died was \"Chaos and Cyber Culture\", published in 1994. In it he wrote, \"The time has come to talk cheerfully and joke sassily about personal responsibility for managing the dying process.\" His book \"Design for Dying\" which tried to give a new perspective on death and dying, was published posthumously. Leary wrote about his belief that death is \"a merging with the entire life process.\" His website team, led by Chris Graves, updated his website on a daily basis as a sort of proto-blog. The website noted his daily intake of various illicit and legal chemical substances with a predilection for nitrous oxide, LSD and other psychedelic drugs. He was noted for his strong views against the use of drugs which \"dull the mind\" such as heroin, morphine and (more than occasional) alcohol, and also for his trademark \"Leary Biscuits\" (a snack cracker with cheese and a small marijuana bud, briefly microwaved). At his request, his sterile house was redecorated by the staff with an array of surreal ornamentation. In his final months, thousands of visitors, well-wishers and old friends visited him in his California home. Until his last weeks, he gave many interviews discussing his new philosophy of embracing death. Leary was reportedly excited for a number of years by the possibility of freezing his body in cryonic suspension, and he publicly announced in September 1988 that he had signed up with Alcor for such treatment after having appeared at Alcor's grand opening the year before. He did not believe he would be resurrected in the future, but did believe that cryonics had important possibilities even though he thought it had only \"one chance in a thousand\". He called it his \"duty as a futurist\", and helped publicize the process and hoped it would work for his children and grandchildren if not for him, although he said he was \"lighthearted\" about it. He was connected with two cryonic organizations, first Alcor and then CryoCare, one of which delivered a cryonic tank to his house in the months before his death. Leary initially announced he would freeze his entire body, but due to lack of funds decided to freeze his head only. He then changed his mind again, and requested that his body be cremated, with his ashes scattered in space. Leary died at 75 on May 31, 1996. His death was videotaped for posterity at his request, by Denis Berry and Joey Cavella, capturing his final words. Berry was the trustee of Leary's archives, and Cavella had filmed Leary during his later years. According to his son Zachary, during his final moments, he clenched his fist and said, \"Why?\", and then unclenching his fist, he said, \"Why not?\". He uttered the phrase repeatedly, in different intonations, and died soon after. His last word, according to Zach, was \"beautiful.\" The film \"Timothy Leary's Dead\" (1996) contains a simulated sequence in which he allows his bodily functions to be suspended for the purposes of cryonic preservation. His head is removed, and placed on ice. The film ends with a sequence showing the creation of the artificial head used in the film. Seven grams of Leary's ashes were arranged by his friend at Celestis to be buried in space aboard a rocket carrying the remains of 23 others, including Gene Roddenberry (creator of \"Star Trek\"), Gerard O'Neill (space physicist), and Krafft Ehricke (rocket scientist). A Pegasus rocket containing their remains was launched on April 21, 1997, and remained in orbit for six years until it burned up in the atmosphere. Leary's ashes were also given to close friends and family. In 2015, Susan Sarandon brought some of his ashes to the Burning Man festival in Black Rock City, Nevada, and put them into an art installation there. The ashes were burned, along with the installation, on September 6, 2015. Timothy Leary was an early influence on Game Theory applied to psychology having introduced the concept to the International Association of Applied Psychology in 1961, at their annual conference in Copenhagen. He was also an early influence on Transactional Analysis. His concept of the four Life Scripts, dating back to 1951, became an influence on TA by the late 1960s, popularised by Thomas Harris in his book, \"I'm OK, You're OK\". Many consider Leary one of the most prominent figures during the counterculture of the 1960s, and since those times has remained influential on pop culture, literature, television, film and, especially, music. Leary coined the influential term Reality Tunnel, by which he means a kind of representative realism. The theory states that, with a subconscious set of mental filters formed from their beliefs and experiences, every individual interprets the same world differently, hence \"Truth is in the eye of the beholder\". His ideas influenced the work of his friend Robert Anton Wilson. This influence went both ways, and Leary admittedly took just as much from Wilson. Wilson's book \"Prometheus Rising\" was an in-depth, highly detailed and inclusive work documenting Leary's eight-circuit model of consciousness. Although the theory originated in discussions between Leary and a Hindu holy man at Millbrook, Wilson was one of the most ardent proponents of it and introduced the theory to a mainstream audience in 1977's bestselling \"Cosmic Trigger\". In 1989, they appeared together on stage in a dialog entitled \"The Inner Frontier\" hosted by the Association for Consciousness Exploration, (the same group that had hosted Leary's first Cleveland appearance in 1979). World religion scholar Huston Smith was \"turned on\" by Leary after being introduced to him by Aldous Huxley in the early 1960s. The experience was interpreted as a deeply religious one by Smith, and is described in detailed religious terms in Smith's later work \"Cleansing of the Doors of Perception\". Smith asked Leary, to paraphrase, whether he knew the power and danger of what he was conducting research with. In \"Mother Jones Magazine\", 1997, Smith commented: First, I have to say that during the three years I was involved with that Harvard study, LSD was not only legal but respectable. Before Tim went on his unfortunate careening course, it was a legitimate research project. Though I did find evidence that, when recounted, the experiences of the Harvard group and those of mystics were impossible to tell apart — descriptively indistinguishable — that's not the last word. There is still a question about the truth of the disclosure. The movie \"Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas\" (1998), adapted from a 1971 novel of Hunter S. Thompson, portrays heavy psychedelic drug use and mentions Leary when the protagonist ponders the meaning",
"he knew the power and danger of what he was conducting research with. In \"Mother Jones Magazine\", 1997, Smith commented: First, I have to say that during the three years I was involved with that Harvard study, LSD was not only legal but respectable. Before Tim went on his unfortunate careening course, it was a legitimate research project. Though I did find evidence that, when recounted, the experiences of the Harvard group and those of mystics were impossible to tell apart — descriptively indistinguishable — that's not the last word. There is still a question about the truth of the disclosure. The movie \"Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas\" (1998), adapted from a 1971 novel of Hunter S. Thompson, portrays heavy psychedelic drug use and mentions Leary when the protagonist ponders the meaning of the acid wave of the sixties: 'We are all wired into a survival trip now. No more of the speed that fueled that '60s. That was the fatal flaw in Tim Leary's trip. He crashed around America selling \"consciousness expansion\" without ever giving a thought to the grim meat-hook realities that were lying in wait for all the people who took him seriously ... All those pathetically eager acid freaks who thought they could buy Peace and Understanding for three bucks a hit. But their loss and failure is ours too. What Leary took down with him was the central illusion of a whole life-style that he helped create ... a generation of permanent cripples, failed seekers, who never understood the essential old-mystic fallacy of the Acid Culture: the desperate assumption that somebody ... or at least some force - is tending the light at the end of the tunnel'. In the movie \"The Men Who Stare at Goats\", Lt. Col Bill Django decides to lace the food and drinking water with LSD after claiming, \"I just saw Timothy Leary\". Leary authored and co-authored more than twenty books and was featured on more than a dozen audio recordings. His acting career included over a dozen appearances in movies and television shows in various roles, over thirty appearances as himself. He also produced and/or collaborated with others in the creation of multimedia presentations and computer games. In June 2011, \"The New York Times\" reported that the New York Public Library had acquired Leary's personal archives, including papers, videotapes, photographs and other archival material from the Leary estate, including correspondence and documents relating to Allen Ginsberg, Aldous Huxley, William Burroughs, Jack Kerouac, Ken Kesey, Arthur Koestler, G. Gordon Liddy and other prominent cultural figures. The collection became available in September 2013. Timothy Leary Timothy Francis Leary (October 22, 1920 – May 31, 1996) was an American psychologist and writer known for advocating the exploration of the therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs under controlled conditions. As a clinical psychologist at Harvard University, Leary conducted experiments under the Harvard Psilocybin Project in 1960-62 (LSD and psilocybin were still legal in the United States at the time), resulting in the Concord Prison Experiment and the Marsh Chapel Experiment. The scientific legitimacy and ethics of his research"
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"Avery Oak The Old Avery Oak Tree was a white oak tree that stood in Dedham, Massachusetts until it was knocked down in 1972. It had a circumference of over and stood on East Street near the Fairbanks House. It was named for Jonathan Avery, the owner of the tree, who had an estate that was bounded roughly by East Street, Mt. Vernon Street, Barrows Street, and Brookdale Avenue. The Avery family was one of the early settlers of Dedham, arriving in 1650. By the time the first settlers arrived in Dedham in 1635, the tree was already quite old. It was owned by the Dedham Historical Society after being donated by J.W. Clark in 1886. Clark, who owned the house where the tree was located, also donated a square of land around it extending seven and a half feet from three sides of it, and to East Street on the fourth. The deed also allowed the roots and branches to grow over and under Clark's land. Today, wood from the tree is used in the chairman of the Board of Selectmen's and the Town Meeting Moderator's gavel. Historical Society president Henry Hildreth also commissioned a chair to be built from the timber. The tree also lives on in the seal adopted by the Town in 1878, and that of the Dedham-Westwood Water District. In the terrible winter of 1723, when the snow lay so thick over the landscape that the residents could not access their woodlot, another Avery chopped off the top of the tree to keep his family from freezing. By the 1790s, the Avery Oak’s gnarled and crooked branches spread more than 90 feet from a trunk five feet in diameter. Although over 450 other trees, on public land alone, were felled by the New England Hurricane of 1938, the Avery Oak survived. It was struck by lightning, however, and a limb at the top was knocked off. The tree lived until late July, 1972, when a strong thunderstorm toppled it. Then-police chief Walter Carroll was driving down East Street when it toppled, and the tree very nearly struck his car. Hundreds of people gathered to see the fallen tree, and the police protected it while the Historical Society made plans for how to dispose of it. The tree was estimated to be over 450 years old. Samuel Nicholson, the first captain of the Constitution, was living in Dedham at the time the ship was being built. The Avery Oak at that time had limbs full of crooks and angles, which Lord Bacon called knee timber, and which was particularly required in ship building. Its massive trunk would also have yielded a good quantity of planking. Designer Joshua Humphreys specified white oak for the hull of the \"USS Constitution\". Timber merchants from New Jersey to Maine scrambled to find old growth trees that had the straight trunks needed to cut long runs of plank, but also crooks and bends that could supply the hundreds of hanging, standing, and lodging knees needed to support deck beams. The ship builders, presumably Nicholson, made several offers to buy the tree, eventually rising to \"the unheard of price of $70,\" but the owner would not sell. Local legend contends that it was Avery's wife who spared the tree. Avery Oak The Old Avery Oak Tree was a white oak tree that stood in Dedham, Massachusetts until it was knocked down in 1972. It had a circumference of over and stood on East Street near the Fairbanks House. It was named for Jonathan Avery, the owner of the tree, who had an"
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"All Saints' Church, Raheny All Saints' Church is the Church of Ireland Parish Church of the Parish of Raheny, prominent on the Howth Road as it approaches the centre of Raheny, Dublin, Ireland. It lies in walled grounds with mature tree cover, just south of the village core, and is widely hailed as a fine architectural specimen. All Saints' was built for the Church of Ireland Parish of Raheny, to replace the historic St. Assam's Church in the centre of Raheny village. In 1881, Arthur Guinness, 1st Baron Ardilaun, who already held certain rights in the parish, notably the right of presentation of the rector, made a proposal to construct a new church, on a site he would provide at the village end of his St. Anne's Estate, and this was agreed by the parish in 1885. Lord Ardilaun's father, Sir Benjamin Lee Guinness, had previously agreed with the Parish to build a new church, but the plans did not come to fruition. The new church was sponsored (to the tune of 9,000 pounds in the 1880s) by Lord Ardilaun. The church was designed by George Ashlin and built almost entirely of Irish materials. The main contractors were Messrs Collen Brothers of Dublin and Portadown, who also carried out other work for Lord Ardilaun. The building style is described as \"early English\", and it has a cruciform shape. The walls are of Wicklow granite, with limestone dressings, and there is a substantial belfry, with Cumberland slates, an octagonal spire and a weathervane. There is also a small crypt, where some of the Guinness family are buried. The shape of the building was cut out at the Raheny end of the estate, with a curtilage provided, in 1885, and building commenced shortly thereafter, and the new All Saints' Church was completed around October 1889. The Service of Dedication of the church took place on December 16, 1889 but full consecration could not take place, as the freehold of the land was not available, being held by the Howth Estate. Lord Ardilaun committed to maintaining the building on two conditions, firstly that the rites of the church be standard, and second that both the new and old (St. Assam's) churches be well-maintained. A new organ was provided for All Saints' after a new Rector was appointed in 1918, and in 1926, a one-ton bell was given in memory of Lady Ardilaun by her nephew and principal heir, Bishop Benjamin Plunket, retired Bishop of Meath. In 1938, the Bishop began steps to transfer the church to the Representative Church Body on behalf of the parish, and this was effecte on January 1, 1939, though in the absence of the freehold of the land, full consecration as parish church was still not possible. On All Saints' Day, 1939, the church's fiftieth anniversary was celebrated. In 1945, an additional acre of ground near the church was purchased from Dublin Corporation. In 1960, the parish entered into a Union with the Parish of Coolock, which has its own historic church, St. John the Evangelist. In 1969, the new Parochial Hall was dedicated as \"Johnston Hall.\" At about the same time in 1969, the freehold of the land at All Saints was finally purchased from the Howth Estate, for 250 pounds, leaving the way open for full consecration. The church was finally consecrated on December 16, 1989, after a memorial service on November 1. Adjacent to All Saints' is the Johnson Hall, for community activities, a modern rectory, replacing the original rectory which stood on glebe lands across the Howth Road, and a well-preserved ornamented gate lodge, for the verger. Some restoration work was done on stained glass windows in the 2000s, and in April 2010, it was announced that the church required extensive roof repairs and an appeal for a quarter of a million euro was launched while a Government heritage building grant was received in early May. The works were completed by 2012. U2 front man Bono married Alison Hewson at the church on 21 August 1982, with Adam Clayton as best man. All Saints' Church, Raheny All Saints' Church is the Church of Ireland Parish Church of the Parish of Raheny, prominent on the"
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"Crossea biconica Crossea biconica is a species of small sea snail or micromollusc, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Crosseolidae. (Original description by Charles Hedley) The height of the shell attains 1.7 mm, its diameter 1.6 mm. The minute but solid, white shell has a biconical shape. Its base is greatly produced, the periphery keeled. The four whorls are somewhat turreted. Sculpture : The first and second whorls are smooth, the third comparatively coarsely cancellated, the fourth contains dense fine spiral cords crossed by fainter growth lines which tend to bead the interstices. The base is two-thirds of the total height. The wide and deep umbilicus is bordered by a conspicuous ridge, and has an elevated funicle winding within. The oblique aperture is rhomboidal, channelled by the umbilical ridge, and with a gutter at the termination of the funicle. A heavy outstanding varix occurs a short distance behind the aperture. The small size, produced base, and wide umbilicus are characters which distinguish this from other Australian members of the genus. This marine species is endemic to Australia. It is found off the Northern Territory and Queensland Crossea biconica Crossea biconica is a species of small sea snail or micromollusc,"
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"Lobelia oligophylla Lobelia oligophylla is an ornamental plant in the Campanulaceae family. It can be found from Ecuadorean Andes to Tierra del Fuego, in moist, usually open places. It was one of the species recorded and collected on Charles Darwin's Voyage on the Beagle in the 1830s. It was previously known as \"Hypsela reniformis\", but because the genus \"Hypsela\" is part of the enlarged genus \"Lobelia\" it had to be transferred. Its epithet changed because the name \"Lobelia reniformis\" was not available for it, as it was already in use for another species. The name \"Lobelia oligophylla\" was therefore reinstated. It is a mat-forming species, growing to 20 cm or more in diameter. It has elliptical to broadly ovate or orbicular leaves about 1 cm long, that are somewhat folded upwards along the midrib. It produces numerous laterally symmetrical, star shaped pink flowers on short stalks, covering the mat. It is an ideal ornamental plant for areas that are fairly humus rich and do not dry out, for instance alongside ponds, waterfalls and on shaded areas of rock gardens. Propagation is by simple division of the much rooting stems in spring or by seed. Lobelia oligophylla Lobelia oligophylla is an"
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"Massimo d'Azeglio Massimo Taparelli, Marquess of Azeglio () (24 October 1798 – 15 January 1866), commonly called Massimo d'Azeglio, was a Piedmontese-Italian statesman, novelist and painter. He was Prime Minister of Sardinia for almost three years, until his rival Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour succeeded him. D'Azeglio was not a liberal or a republican, but a paternal conservative and monarchist who hoped for a federal union between Italian states. As Prime Minister, he consolidated the parliamentary system, getting the young king to accept his constitutional status, and worked hard for a peace treaty with Austria. Although himself a Roman Catholic, he introduced freedom of worship, supported public education, and sought to reduce the power of the clergy in local political affairs. As senator, following the annexation of the United Provinces of Central Italy, Azeglio attempted to reconcile the Vatican with the new Italian Kingdom. His brother Luigi Taparelli D’Azeglio was a Jesuit priest. Massimo Taparelli, Marquis d'Azeglio, was born in Turin on 24 October 1798. He was descended from an ancient and noble Piedmontese family. His father, Cesare d'Azeglio, an officer in the Piedmontese army, held a high position at court. On the return of Pope Pius VII to Rome after the fall of Napoleon, Cesare was sent as special envoy to the Holy See and took his son, then sixteen years of age, with him as an extra attaché. Young Massimo was given a commission in a cavalry regiment, which he soon relinquished on account of his health. During his residence in Rome, Massimo acquired a love for art and music and decided to become a painter, to the horror of his conservative, aristocratic family. His father reluctantly consented, and Massimo settled in Rome, devoting himself to art. He led an abstemious life in Rome, maintaining himself by painting Romantic landscapes which frequently included historical subjects. He also painted scenes for a self-composed opera. In 1830 he returned to Turin and, after his father's death in 1831, moved to Milan. He resided in Milan for twelve years, moving in the city's literary and artistic circles and, in 1834, helped to organise the \"Salotto Maffei\" salon, hosted by Clara Maffei. He became an intimate of Alessandro Manzoni the novelist, whose daughter he married. At that point, literature instead of art became his chief occupation; he produced two historical novels, \"Niccolò dei Lapi\" and \"Ettore Fieramosca\", in imitation of Walter Scott. The novels had a strong political context, with d'Azeglio aiming to illustrate the evils of foreign domination in Italy and to reawaken national feeling. In 1845 d'Azeglio visited Romagna as an unauthorized political envoy, to report on its conditions and the troubles which he foresaw would break out on the death of Pope Gregory XVI. The following year he published his famous pamphlet \"Degli ultimi casi di Romagna\" at Florence; as a consequence of this he was expelled from Tuscany. He spent the next few months in Rome, sharing the general enthusiasm over the supposed liberalism of the new pope, Pius IX; like Vincenzo Gioberti he believed in an Italian confederation under papal auspices and was opposed to the Radical wing of the Liberal party. His political activity increased and he wrote various other pamphlets, among which was \"I lutti di Lombardia\" (1848). On the outbreak of the first war of independence, d'Azeglio donned the papal uniform and took part under General Durando in the defence of Vicenza, where he was severely wounded. He retired to Florence to recover, but as he opposed the ruling democrats he was expelled from Tuscany a second time. He was now a famous man, and early in 1849 Charles Albert, king of Sardinia, invited him to form a cabinet. Realizing how impossible it was to renew the campaign, but \"not having the heart to sign, in such wretched internal and external conditions, a treaty of peace with Austria\" (\"\", by E Rendu), he refused. After the defeat at the Battle of Novara (23 March 1849), Charles Albert abdicated and was succeeded by Victor Emmanuel II. D'Azeglio was again called on to form a cabinet; this time, although the situation was even more difficult, he accepted, concluded a peace treaty, dissolved the Chamber and summoned a new one to ratify it. The treaty was accepted and d'Azeglio continued in office for the next three years. While all the rest of Italy was a prey to despotism, in Piedmont the king maintained the constitution intact in the face of a general wave of reaction. D'Azeglio conducted the country's affairs with tact and ability, and improved its diplomatic relations. With his top aide Cavour taking the lead legislation passed weakening the powers of the Church to own land, control the schools and supervise marriage laws. When the bishops protested they were punished or exiled, inspiring liberal anticlerical elements across Italy. He invited Count Camillo Cavour, then a rising young politician, to enter the ministry in 1850. Cavour and Farini, also a member of the cabinet, made certain declarations in the Chamber (May 1852) which led the ministry in the direction of an alliance with Rattazzi and the Left. D'Azeglio disapproved of this and resigned office, but on the king's request formed a new ministry, excluding both Cavour and Farini. In October, however, owing to ill health and dissatisfaction with some of his colleagues, and for other reasons not quite clear, he resigned once more and retired, suggesting to the king that Cavour should be his successor. For the next four years he lived modestly at Turin, devoting himself once more to art, although he also continued to take an active interest in politics. Cavour continued to consult him. In 1855 d'Azeglio was appointed director of the Turin art gallery. In 1859 he was given various political missions, including one to Paris and London to prepare the basis for a general congress of the powers on Italian affairs. When war between Piedmont and Austria appeared inevitable, he returned to Italy and was sent by Cavour as royal commissioner to Romagna, whence the papal troops had been expelled. After the peace of Villafranca, d'Azeglio was recalled with orders to withdraw the Piedmontese garrisons, but saw the danger of allowing papal troops to reoccupy the province, and after a severe struggle left Bologna without the troops and interviewed the king. The latter approved of his action and said that his orders had not been accurately expressed; thus Romagna was saved. That same year d'Azeglio published a pamphlet in French entitled \"De la Politique et du droit chrétien au point de vue de la question italienne\", with the object of inducing Napoleon III to continue his pro-Italian policy. Early in 1860 Cavour appointed him governor of Milan, evacuated by the Austrians after the battle of Magenta, a position which he held with great ability. However, disapproving of the government's policy with regard to Garibaldi's Sicilian campaign and regarding the occupation by Piedmont of the kingdom of Naples as inopportune, he resigned office. The deaths of his two brothers in 1862 and of Cavour in 1861 caused d'Azeglio great grief; he subsequently led a comparatively retired life, but continued to take part in politics, both as deputy and writer, his two chief subjects of interest being the Roman question and the relations of Piedmont (now the kingdom of Italy) with Mazzini and the other revolutionaries. In his opinion Italy needed to be unified by means of the Franco-Piedmontese army alone, avoiding any connection with the other armies. He continued to hold that the pope should enjoy nominal sovereignty over Rome with full spiritual independence, with the capital of Italy being established elsewhere but the Romans being Italian citizens. He strongly disapproved of the convention of 1864 between the Italian government and the pope. The last few years of d'Azeglio's life were spent chiefly at his villa of Cannero, where he",
"led a comparatively retired life, but continued to take part in politics, both as deputy and writer, his two chief subjects of interest being the Roman question and the relations of Piedmont (now the kingdom of Italy) with Mazzini and the other revolutionaries. In his opinion Italy needed to be unified by means of the Franco-Piedmontese army alone, avoiding any connection with the other armies. He continued to hold that the pope should enjoy nominal sovereignty over Rome with full spiritual independence, with the capital of Italy being established elsewhere but the Romans being Italian citizens. He strongly disapproved of the convention of 1864 between the Italian government and the pope. The last few years of d'Azeglio's life were spent chiefly at his villa of Cannero, where he wrote his own memoirs. He died of fever in Turin on 15 January 1866. He played a significant role in the rehabilitation of Piedmont after the chaos of the 1848-49 revolutions. He had a low opinion of the people of Italy, who, he declared, \"were 20 percent stupid rascally and bold, 80 percent stupid, honest and timid, and such a people has the government it deserves.\" He became Prime Minister in 1849, despite a lack of experience or enthusiasm. Bored by debates in Parliament, he had unexpected strengths: He was honest and clear-cited, widely admired both at home and abroad, displaying wisdom and moderation that were crucial for consolidating the parliamentary system in his kingdom. He convinced the king to accept constitutional government, with the proviso the King could control military and foreign policy without parliamentary interference. Besides a variety of newspaper articles and pamphlets, d'Azeglio's chief works are the two novels \"Ettore Fieramosca\" (1833) and \"Niccolò dei Lapi\" (1841), as well as a volume of autobiographical memoirs entitled \"I Miei Ricordi\" (D'Azeglio Memoirs - p. 1867), a work published after his death, in 1866, but unfortunately incomplete. A quote from his memoirs is \"\"L'Italia è fatta. Restano da fare gli italiani\"\", translated colloquially as \"\"We have made Italy. Now we must make Italians\".\" His landscape paintings influenced Salvatore Mazza and Luigi Riccardi. A prestigious \"Liceo classico\" founded in 1831 in his hometown of Turin was later renamed in his honour. The Liceo classico Massimo d'Azeglio has a notable place in Italian history as the alma mater of author Primo Levi, architect Gino Levi-Montalcini, musicologist Alberto Mantelli, painter Giuseppe Cominetti and anti-fascist intellectuals such as publisher Giulio Einaudi (son of future President Luigi Einaudi) and writer and teacher Leone Ginzburg. Juventus Football Club was founded by its students in 1897. There is a poetry contest organized by a cultural organization in Puglia (Italian region) named after D'Azeglio. Massimo d'Azeglio Massimo Taparelli, Marquess of Azeglio () (24 October 1798 – 15 January 1866), commonly called Massimo d'Azeglio, was a Piedmontese-Italian statesman, novelist and painter. He was Prime Minister of Sardinia for almost three years, until his rival Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour succeeded him. D'Azeglio was not a liberal or a republican, but a paternal conservative and monarchist who hoped for a federal union between Italian states. As Prime Minister, he consolidated the"
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"Nightlife in Tokyo Nightlife in Tokyo is an album by tenor saxophonist Eric Alexander. It was recorded in 2002 and released by Milestone Records. The album was recorded in December 2002. The quartet contains tenor saxophonist Eric Alexander, pianist Harold Mabern, bassist Ron Carter, and drummer Joe Farnsworth. Five of the eight compositions are Alexander originals. \"Nightlife in Tokyo\" was released by Milestone Records. The AllMusic reviewer wrote that, \"Alexander offers a sustained program of fresh, creative, and advanced hard bop that unequivocally establishes him as a player who is not only fully aware of the tradition, but who is now among those most eminently qualified to develop it further.\" \"The Penguin Guide to Jazz\" commented that, \"the small miracle is that Alexander keeps it all so fresh as far as the chief improviser's role is concerned.\" All compositions by Eric Alexander except where noted Nightlife in Tokyo Nightlife in Tokyo is an album by tenor saxophonist Eric Alexander. It was recorded in 2002 and released by Milestone Records. The album was recorded in December 2002. The quartet contains tenor saxophonist Eric Alexander, pianist Harold Mabern, bassist Ron Carter, and drummer Joe Farnsworth. Five of the eight compositions are Alexander"
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"Great Sturton Great Sturton is a hamlet and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated approximately from the market town of Horncastle. The hamlet has twelve houses and fewer than 40 residents. Neighbouring villages are Sotby, Baumber , Hatton and Ranby. Great Sturton church is dedicated to All Saints, and is a Grade II* listed building dating from the 11th century. It was restored in 1904 by T. J. Micklethwaite. Both a middle and a late Bronze Age spearhead were found at Great Sturton. There are two deserted medieval villages (DMV) listed for Great Sturton; one was Sudtone, the other the hamlet of Lowthorpe. The first Sturton Hall is a Grade II listed ruin. The house was deserted in 1810 when the Livesey family bought the manor and built a new Hall in Sturton Park. The Manor, with neighbouring Baumber, once belonged to Thomas Dighton whose daughter and Heiress married Edward Clinton, the second son of the first Earl Of Lincoln, whose successors were the Dukes of Newcastle. These estates remained in the family until they were sold to Thomas Livesey of Blackburn, Lancashire. Great Sturton Great Sturton is a hamlet and civil parish"
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"2012 Vuelta a Andalucía The 2012 Vuelta a Andalucía was the 58th edition of the Vuelta a Andalucía, a regional Spanish road bicycle race. It was rated as a 2.1 event and was the 13th race of the UCI Europe Tour. The race was held over 19–23 February. The race was won by Spain's Alejandro Valverde, of the , after taking the overall lead with victory on the second stage, and held the lead to the end of the race. Valverde's winning margin over runner-up Rein Taaramäe () was three seconds, and 's Jérôme Coppel completed the podium, five seconds behind Taaramäe and eight seconds down on Valverde. In the race's other classifications, Valverde won the points and combination classifications, rider Luis Ángel Maté won both the mountains and sprints classifications, and finished at the head of the teams classification. Sixteen teams participated in the 2012 Vuelta a Andalucía, consisting of seven UCI ProTour teams, eight UCI Professional Continental teams, and one UCI Continental Team. 2012 Vuelta a Andalucía The 2012 Vuelta a Andalucía was the 58th edition of the Vuelta a Andalucía, a regional Spanish road bicycle race. It was rated as a 2.1 event and was the 13th"
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"Language and spatial cognition The question whether the use of language influences spatial cognition is closely related to theories of linguistic relativity—also known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis—which states that the structure of a language affects cognitive processes of the speaker. Debates about this topic are mainly focused on the extent to which language influences spatial cognition or if it does at all. Research also concerns differences between perspectives on spatial relations across cultures, what these imply, and the exploration of potentially partaking cognitive mechanisms. Research shows that frames of reference for spatial cognition differ across cultures and that language could play a crucial role in structuring these different frames. Three types of perspectives on space can be distinguished: Languages like English or Dutch do not exclusively make use of relative descriptions but these appear to be most frequent compared to intrinsic or absolute descriptions. An absolute frame of reference is usually restricted to large scale geographical descriptions in these languages. Speakers of the Australian languages Arrernte, Guugu Yimithirr, and Kuuk Thaayore only use absolute descriptions. The relative and intrinsic perspectives seem to be connected as there is no known language which applies only one of these frames of reference exclusively. (1.) It has been argued that people universally use an egocentric representation to solve non-linguistic spatial tasks which would align with the relative frame of reference. (2.) Other researchers have proposed that people apply multiple frames of reference during their daily lives and that languages reflect these cognitive structures. In the light of the current body of literature the second view seems to be the more plausible one. The dominant frames of reference have found to be reflected in the common types of gesticulation in the respective language. Speakers of absolute languages would typically represent an object moving north with a hand movement towards the north. Whereas speakers of relative languages typically depict a movement of an object to the right with a hand movement to the right, independent of the direction they are facing during speech. Speakers of intrinsic languages would, for example, typically represent human movement from the perspective of the mover with a sagittal hand gesture away from the speaker. A study by Boroditsky and Gaby compared speakers of an absolute language—Pormpuraawans—with English speakers. The task on which they compared them consisted of the spatial arrangement of cards which showed a temporal progression. The result was that the speakers of the relative language (Americans) exclusively chose to represent time spatially as progressing from left (earlier time) to right (later time). Whereas the Pormpuraawans took the direction they faced into account and preferred to depict time as progressing from east (earlier time) to west (later time) the most. Confounding variables could potentially explain a significant proportion of the measured difference in performance between the linguistic frames of reference. These can be categorized into three types of confounding factors: Gentner, Özyürek, Gürcanli, and Goldin-Meadow found that deaf children, who lacked a conventional language, did not use gestures to convey spatial relations (see home sign). Building on that, they showed that deaf children performed significantly worse on a task of spatial cognition compared to hearing children. They concluded that the acquisition of (spatial) language is an important factor in shaping spatial cognition. Several mechanisms accounting for or contributing to the possible effect of language on cognition have been suggested: Language and spatial cognition The question whether the use of language influences spatial cognition is closely related to theories of linguistic relativity—also known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis—which states that the structure of a language affects cognitive processes of the speaker. Debates"
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"Ian Ayre (tennis) Ian Ayre (18 August 1929 – 12 October 1991) was an Australian tennis player. He was educated at the Anglican Church Grammar School. Ayre was a contemporary of Frank Sedgman (1927), George Worthington (1928), Don Tregonning (1928), Rex Hartwig (1929), Ken McGregor (1929) and Mervyn Rose (1930). He was on the Australian Davis Cup team in 1951, 1952, and 1953, but never played in a match. In 1953 he reached the 4th round at Wimbledon, losing to Sven Davidson 6-3 6-4 6-4, and the semifinals of the Australian Open, losing to Mervyn Rose in five sets. He turned pro in 1955 and subsequently became a coach in Queensland. In 1969 he supervised the Davis Cup team when the captain, Neale Fraser, was temporarily unable to. In 1975 he won the first Veterans' Open Tournament of the Gold Coast and District Tennis Association at Queens Park Tennis Centre. According to a video interview with Fay Toyne about the history of Milton tennis centre in Brisbane, Ayre died of a heart attack whilst on a tennis court. His Sydney Morning Herald obituary states he was involved in a doubles match when he died. Ian Ayre (tennis) Ian Ayre (18"
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"Sylvie Moreau Sylvie Moreau (; December 30, 1964), is a Canadian actress. Sylvie Moreau was born in Montreal. Both of her parents were teachers and they had 5 children. Her siblings all went into the acting business as well. Sylvie married François Papineau (born 1966, Laval), who is also an actor. The couple met while they co-starred in \"Célestine\". If Sylvie Moreau became one of the mass audiences favourites because of her regular presence on television (\"Catherine\", \"Dans une galaxie près de chez-vous\"), she’s also thrived on stage (notably in Les voisins — Compagnie Jean Duceppe, L’odyssée — CNA and TNM, Un fil à la patte — Théâtre du Rideau Vert and CNA, La salle des loisirs — Théâtre d’Aujourd’hui, and all the Momentum productions) and on the big screen: \"Familia\" (L. Archambault), \"Les aimants\" (Y. Pelletier), \"Camping sauvage\" (A. Ducharme), \"Dans une galaxie près de chez vous\" (C. Desrosiers), \"Les immortels\" (P. Thinnel), \"Le manuscrit érotique\" (J.P. Lefebvre) and \"La bouteille\" (A. Desrochers). Her performance in \"Post Mortem\" (L. Belanger) won her the Genie Award for Best Actress (2000). She also won the Gémeaux Award for her performance of \"Catherine\" in the series of the same name. She’s a star of the LNI and hosted the 2002, 2003 and 2004 editions of the Jutra gala. Moreau won a Genie Award in January 2000 for Best Performance by an actress in a leading role for her work in \"Post Mortem\", in which she co-starred with Gabriel Arcand. She also won a Gémeaux award for her work in the series, Catherine, which she wrote as well as starred as the title character. A graduate of the Université du Québec à Montréal, she took extensive courses as a mime at the École de mime corporel de Montréal. Sylvie Moreau Sylvie Moreau (;"
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"J. J. Johnson discography This is a discography of the Jazz trombonist J. J. Johnson (January 22, 1924 – February 4, 2001). With Cannonball Adderley With Nat Adderley With Manny Albam With Count Basie With Kenny Burrell With Donald Byrd With Ron Carter With Miles Davis With Paul Desmond With Kenny Dorham With Ella Fitzgerald With Dizzy Gillespie With Benny Golson With Coleman Hawkins With Billie Holiday With Milt Jackson With Elvin Jones With John Lewis With Howard McGhee With Jimmy McGriff With Oliver Nelson With Chico O'Farrill With Charlie Parker With Sonny Rollins With Moacir Santos With Lalo Schifrin With Horace Silver With Sonny Stitt With Steve Turre With Stanley Turrentine J. J. Johnson discography This is a discography of the Jazz trombonist J. J. Johnson (January 22, 1924 – February 4, 2001). With Cannonball Adderley With Nat Adderley With Manny Albam With Count Basie With Kenny Burrell With Donald Byrd With Ron Carter With Miles Davis With Paul Desmond With Kenny Dorham With Ella Fitzgerald With Dizzy Gillespie With Benny Golson With Coleman Hawkins With Billie Holiday With Milt Jackson With Elvin Jones With John Lewis With Howard McGhee With Jimmy McGriff With Oliver Nelson With Chico O'Farrill"
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"Şalgam Şalgam or Şalgam Suyu. It is pronounced \"shal-gum\" (in translation: \"turnip juice\") is a popular and traditional beverage from the southern Turkey cities Adana, Hatay, Tarsus, Mersin, Kahramanmaras, İzmir and the Çukurova region. Salgam is produced by lactic acid fermentation. The name \"şalgam\" is Persian in origin; in Persian it is written شلغم and means \"turnip\" (\"Brassica rapa\"). The French traveler, naturalist and writer Pierre Belon described the existence of the drink and the practice of its creation already in the 15th century. It is either called turnip juice, turnip water, shalgam juice, or shalgam water. There exists also a hot version of the drink that is named acil Studies have also shown that the juice of the purple carrot used in Salgam reduces the effects of high-carbohydrate diets. Besides Raki and Ayran it is drunk after eating Kebab. Very often a slice of purple carrot is added just before drinking and other times wedges of paprica and garlic. Şalgam is often served with the alcoholic drink rakı — not mixed, but rather in a separate glass as both complement the taste of the other drink. It is also part of Armenian cuisine. In some parts of Turkey both Ayran and Şalgam are mixed together It is considered to be one of the most drunk beverages during winter in Turkey. The renowned food critic Jim Leff compared its taste to the taste of sour cherries. The Kanji (drink) is a similar drink that is consumed in the Indian subcontinent. Although the Turkish word \"şalgam\" literally means \"turnip\", şalgam is made with the sour There is no standard production technique used by the industry, but the traditional method uses sourdough fermentation and carrot fermentation. Since 1996 there exist factories for large scale industrial production of Şalgam in Turkey While şalgam is commonly recommended as a cure for hangovers, consuming excess amounts may cause bloating according to some sources. According to local Turkish custom it is drunk to help digestion. It has been reported that the drink has positive health benefits, because its anthocyanidic contents reduce health disease risks and the probability of carcinogenic occurrences. Although some researchers believe that its high salt ratio could be dangerous for people with heart diseases. It contains β-carotene, group B vitamins, calcium, potassium, and iron and is drunk for its antiseptic effects. It was reported in academic journals that it helps to remove toxins from the human body, can also help with reducing kidney stones. It is also used to treat pubertal acne, eczema, abscesses, whitlow, and hematomas. Şalgam is considered a functional food by some researchers, since it is a diuretic that also cleans lungs and bronchi. Şalgam, has been celebrated as a festival in Adana since 2010. The World Rakı Festival (aka Adana Kebap ve Şalgam Festival), emerged from a hundred-year tradition of enjoying kebabs, with liver, şalgam and rakı. The event turned into a nationwide popular street festival; street musicians playing drums and zurna entertain visitors all night long on the second Saturday night of December. Şalgam Şalgam or Şalgam Suyu. It is pronounced \"shal-gum\" (in translation: \"turnip juice\") is a popular and traditional beverage from the southern Turkey cities Adana, Hatay, Tarsus, Mersin, Kahramanmaras, İzmir and the Çukurova region. Salgam is produced by lactic acid fermentation. The name \"şalgam\" is Persian in origin; in Persian it is written شلغم and means \"turnip\" (\"Brassica rapa\"). The French traveler, naturalist and writer Pierre Belon described the existence of the drink and the practice of its creation already in the 15th century. It is either called turnip juice, turnip water, shalgam juice, or"
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"Cincinnati Ben–Gals The Cincinnati Ben–Gals are the official cheerleading squad of the National Football League team Cincinnati Bengals. The squad performs a variety of dance moves at Paul Brown Stadium, as well as making off-field appearances at charity events, conventions, grand openings, and trade shows. The squad is one of the first NFL Cheerleading squads, having been created by Bengals founder Paul Brown in the 1968 Cincinnati Bengals season, during the team's time in the American Football League. As of 2015, the squad has 26 members. The squad also has a \"Junior Ben-Gals\" group, who performs with their adult counterparts at Bengals games. Annually, the squad sends a Ben-Gal to the Pro Bowl at Aloha Stadium in Hawaii, along with cheerleaders from other squads. In 2009, 40-year-old Laura Vikmanis joined the squad, making her the oldest cheerleader in the NFL. Cincinnati Ben–Gals The Cincinnati Ben–Gals are the official cheerleading squad of the National Football League team Cincinnati Bengals. The squad performs a variety of dance moves at Paul Brown Stadium, as well as making off-field appearances at charity events, conventions, grand openings, and trade shows. The squad is one of the first NFL Cheerleading squads, having been created by Bengals"
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"Nick Johnson (baseball) Nicholas Robert \"Nick\" Johnson (born September 19, 1978) is an American former professional baseball first baseman and designated hitter. During his career Johnson played for the New York Yankees (2001–2003; 2010), Montreal Expos/Washington Nationals (2004–2009), Florida Marlins (2009), and Baltimore Orioles (2012). Johnson was known for his patience and discipline at the plate, which led to him having a career on-base percentage of .399. Lifetime, with the bases loaded he had a .370 batting average, a .444 on-base percentage, 72 runs batted in, and 2 grand slams in 73 at-bats. Johnson was also the last remaining player on the Nationals' roster to relocate with the team from Montreal, before being traded to the Marlins at the 2009 non-waiver trade deadline. He is the nephew of Larry Bowa. Johnson and his wife, Liz, had their first child, Brianna, on January 31, 2006. He graduated from C. K. McClatchy High School in Sacramento where he was teammates with future Major Leaguer Steve Holm. As a senior he was named to the all-state team and was named to the All-America Third Team by the American Baseball Coaches Association and Rawlings. Johnson was drafted by the Yankees in the third round (89th overall) of the 1996 Major League Baseball draft. In , he batted .317/.466/.538 with 17 home runs in 303 at-bats for the Tampa Yankees. In , he was an All-Star for the Norwich Navigators, and batted .345/.525/.548 with 37 HBP and 123 walks in 420 official at-bats. He participated in the 1999 and 2001 Futures Games during All-Star Weekend, playing for the United States team. Johnson has a .446 lifetime minor league on-base percentage. In 2002, Johnson was 7th in the AL in hit by pitch (12), in just 378 at-bats with the Yankees. Johnson hit .284/.422/.472 with the Yankees in 2003. From May 15 to July 25, Johnson was on the disabled list due to a stress fracture in his right hand. During this time, he ranked ninth among first baseman in Runs Above Replacement, position-adjusted (RARP)—a Sabermetric statistic. Only four of the hitters ahead of him (Carlos Delgado, Todd Helton, Jason Giambi, and Jim Thome) had a better EqA, and the other four played more than Johnson. Expanding beyond his position, he would have tied with Edgar Martínez for the 17th-best EqA in baseball. After the 2003 season, the Yankees traded him, along with Juan Rivera and Randy Choate, to the Montreal Expos for Javier Vázquez. In 2004, his first season (and last, because of their relocation to Washington at the end of the season) with the Expos, injuries struck again. He could not play until May 28 because of a back injury, and struggled after initial success. By the time his season was ended by a ball hit to first that took a bad hop and broke his cheekbone, he was down to a .251/.359/.398 line. The back injury was another troubling sign regarding his fragility; in addition, the year was considered a disappointment as far as his hitting was concerned. In , with the new Washington Nationals, Johnson compiled a performance more reminiscent of his 2003 season than of his injury-riddled 2004 campaign. He hit .289/.408 (sixth-best in the league)/.479, and had a .478 on-base percentage with runners in scoring position. Johnson batted fourth in the lineup for most of the season, despite the fact that he had a much higher OBP than José Guillén, the three-hole hitter. Just before the 2006 season began, Johnson signed a three-year, $16.5 million contract extension, with a trade clause after the second year. In , Johnson hit .290/.428/.520, in his best year thus far. The .428 OBP was the 4th-highest in the league. He was second in the NL in walk percentage (18.0%), third in walks (110), seventh in doubles (46) and intentional walks (15), and tenth in times hit by pitch (13). He had a .454 OBP with runners in scoring position. Johnson had his worst season to date in the field, however, with 15 errors. On September 23, 2006, playing against the New York Mets at Shea Stadium, Johnson and right fielder Austin Kearns collided while attempting to catch a fly ball. Johnson sustained a broken femur and underwent surgery that night to repair the injury. He missed the entire season, though he still earned $5.5 million. Returning from his broken leg, Johnson played in the Nationals' spring training games in . Though he was off to a rocky start, he regained his form and competed with Dmitri Young, his replacement while injured and the 2007 recipient of the NL Comeback Player of the Year Award, for the role of starting first baseman, and opened the season as the starting first baseman over Young. On March 30, 2008, Johnson knocked in the first RBI in the new baseball stadium for the Nationals. However, soon after, he sustained a tear in a ligament on the ulnar side of his wrist, and missed the rest of the 2008 season. There were rumors he may be traded before the season; however, he opened the season as the starting first baseman. On July 31, 2009, he was traded from the Washington Nationals to the Florida Marlins for minor league pitcher Aaron Thompson. With Johnson's trade, the Nationals franchise no longer had any player on the roster who made the Montreal/Washington crossover in 2005 (although that changed again shortly after when Liván Hernández was reacquired). One of the reasons Johnson was dealt to the Marlins was because of his past history of injury. In 2009, he walked 17.8% of the time, the highest percentage in the major leagues. His .426 on-base percentage was second-best in the league to St. Louis Cardinals first baseman Albert Pujols. On December 23, 2009, Johnson signed a one-year, $5.5 million contract to return to the Yankees. The contract also included a second-year team option. On May 8, Johnson was placed on the disabled list with a wrist injury. He required season-ending surgery after a setback in his rehabilitation in August. The Yankees declined his 2011 option, making him a free agent again. On March 7, 2011, Johnson signed a minor league contract with the Cleveland Indians. He spent the season in AAA with the Columbus Clippers. On February 8, 2012, Johnson signed a minor league contract with the Baltimore Orioles. He attended spring training and competed for a spot on the major league roster, which he earned. He was hitless through his first 28 at-bats for the Orioles, before finally collecting a double in a game against the Yankees on May 1. He suffered a wrist injury on June 27, 2012, and did not play again for the rest of the season. Due to long-lasting injuries sustained throughout his career, Johnson decided to retire from Major League Baseball on January 28, 2013. Nick Johnson (baseball) Nicholas Robert \"Nick\" Johnson (born September 19, 1978) is an American former professional baseball first baseman and designated hitter. During his career Johnson played for the New York Yankees (2001–2003; 2010), Montreal Expos/Washington Nationals (2004–2009), Florida Marlins (2009), and Baltimore Orioles (2012). Johnson was known for his patience and discipline at the plate, which led to him having a career on-base"
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"Erin Matson (field hockey) Erin Matson (born March 17, 2000) is an American field hockey player. Matson is one of only two players to be selected in the U.S. Women’s National Team at age 16, the first was Katie Bam, selected in 2005. Matson grew up in Chadds Ford, PA and has been playing field hockey since 2006. She plays in the midfield and plans to graduate from Unionville High School in 2018. In the fall of 2018, Matson will continue playing field hockey for the Division I program at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Matson was part of the United States team at the 2016–17 Hockey World League Semifinals in Johannesburg, South Africa. In the final, Matson scored the winning goal in a penalty shootout against Germany. Matson has represented the USA in 4 other international competitions in her career, the first being the 2014 Indoor Pan American Games. Erin Matson (field hockey) Erin Matson (born March 17, 2000) is an American field hockey player. Matson is one of only two players to be selected in the U.S. Women’s National Team at age 16, the first was Katie Bam, selected in 2005. Matson grew up in Chadds"
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"Over the Stones, Under the Stars Over the Stones, Under the Stars is the debut album by Australian folk-rock band Ned Collette + Wirewalker, released in 2009. \"Mess+Noise\" magazine described the album as \"astonishingly brilliant\" in its denunciation of modern life and said: \"This is music as foreboding weather, all downcast greys and apocalyptic reds, thick and blustery and beautiful.\" The magazine said: \"Wirewalker (drummer Joe Talia and bass player Ben Bourke) brings a new spaciousness and extravagance required for the task, while Collette’s vocals have evolved from his hushed confessional roots into a more poised and commanding presence.\" The Vine Music website highlighted the dense, convoluted lyrical content and that \"the piling of details can sometimes find us bemused by his prolixity, our narrator veering from observation to observation, along a dark path we cannot always follow\". Its review noted Collette's \"weary worldview\" and said the album was \"a record of searching discontent, but one that finds plenty of space for careful arrangements. Keyboards and synths blossom and bloom across the songs here, finding their way up through the crevices the trio leave in their playing. Collette's wiry voice is prominent and pushed to do new things, increasingly aided—and with subtlety—by bassist Bourke\". Over the Stones, Under the Stars Over the Stones, Under the Stars is the debut album by Australian folk-rock band Ned Collette + Wirewalker, released in 2009. \"Mess+Noise\" magazine described the album as \"astonishingly brilliant\" in its denunciation of modern life and said: \"This is music as foreboding weather, all downcast greys and apocalyptic reds, thick and blustery and beautiful.\" The magazine said: \"Wirewalker (drummer Joe Talia and bass player Ben Bourke) brings a new spaciousness and extravagance required for the task, while Collette’s vocals have evolved from his hushed confessional roots into a more poised"
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"2005–06 Slovak Superliga The 2005–06 Slovak Superliga (known as the Slovak Corgoň Liga for sponsorship reasons) was the 13th season of first-tier football league in Slovakia, since its establishment in 1993. This season started on 16 July 2005 and ended on 31 May 2006. FC Artmedia Bratislava are the defending champions. The season was a last season where they competed 10 teams, because as the organization of Corgoň Liga decided that the league expanded to 12 teams into following season. Therefore, the three teams from the First League was promoted to Corgoň Liga. A total of 10 teams was contested in the league, including 9 sides from the 2004–05 season and one promoted from the 1. liga. Relegation for FC Rimavská Sobota to the 2005–06 Slovak First League was confirmed on 29 May 2005. The one relegated team were replaced by FC Nitra. 2005–06 Teams 2005–06 Slovak Superliga The 2005–06 Slovak Superliga (known as the Slovak Corgoň Liga for sponsorship reasons) was the 13th season of first-tier football league in Slovakia, since its establishment in 1993. This season started on 16 July 2005 and ended on 31 May 2006. FC Artmedia Bratislava are the defending champions. The season was a"
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"Vladimir G. Dubrovskii Vladimir G. Dubrovskii (; born in 1965) is the head of Laboratory of physics of nanostructures at St. Petersburg Academic University, a leading research scientist at Ioffe Institute, and a professor at St. Petersburg State University and ITMO University. Dubrovskii graduated from St. Petersburg State University, Department of Statistical Physics, in 1988, with a diploma in theoretical physics. In 1991, he was a post-doc research fellow in Oxford University. He obtained his PhD in 1990 and a doctor of sciences degree in 2002, in condensed matter physics. Dubrovskii has made contributions to several fields of physics. He is best known for growth modeling of semiconductor nanostructures, particularly III-V nanowires. Starting from 2003, he has been at the forefront of research in this field, collaborating with more than 40 groups in 18 countries (with joint publications). His main area is in kinetically controlled engineering of nanostructures, including morphology, crustal phase, and size distributions. In 2005, he and coauthors proved a diffusion-induced character of gold-assisted vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth of GaAs nanowires by molecular beam epitaxy [1]. In 2008-2014, following Frank Glas [2], he developed theoretical approaches for understanding and controlling polytypism of III-V nanowires by the growth parameter tuning [3] and catalyst material [4]. This allowed achieving record small GaAs nanowires (down to 5 nm in radius) with pure zincblende structure [5]. Independently of Jerry Tersoff [6], in 2013-2015 he predicted a non-linear focusing effect [7,8] that enabled self-organized ensembles of GaAs nanowires with uniform radii [8]. The works of 2016 brought up the new size distributions describing length statistics in nanowire ensembles [9,10]. In 2015-2016, he developed the first theory for the compositional control of ternary III-V nanowires [11], sharpening their axial heterointerfaces [12] and, more generally, nucleation theory of ternary solids from ternary and quaternary liquid alloys. He contributed into understanding the VLS versus selective area growth of nanowires [13] and self-induced nucleation of GaN nanowires on silicon substrates [14]. In 2009, Dubrovskii discovered fluctuation-induced broadening (the Dubrovskii broadening) of the size distributions described by a Fokker-Planck type kinetic equation in terms of the Kuni invariant variables [15], and presented a map of the power exponents for the spectrum spreading in 2D and 3D systems. Further studies revealed the influence of kinetic fluctuations on the size distributions of islands and droplets in the stages of their nucleation, growth, and Ostwald ripening [16,17]. He also contributed into binary nucleation theory with a saddle point of the formation energy, with applications in growth theory of strain-induced islands [18] and ternary VLS nanowires. In 1996, he published exact solution for the infinite set of rate equations for heterogeneous growth with size-linear rate constants [19], reduced to one-parametric Polya distribution. Further investigation of the growth systems with size-linear capture rates led to a two-parametric modified beta-distribution (2015) [20] which acquires the Vicsek-Family scaling form [21] in the continuum limit. Distributions of this type are now widely used for modeling the growth kinetics of semiconductor nanostructures, surface islands and biological objects. Since 2004, Dubrovskii pursued growth theories in confined systems with a limited amount of growth species in the mother phase. He developed concepts of “mononuclear” growth [22,23] whereby individual nucleation events predetermine physical properties of emerging nanomaterials. He developed methods of using different size-dependent effects for narrowing size distributions [8,24-26]. Together with Frank Glas, he predicted narrow sub-Poissonian size distributions [27] in systems with nucleation antibunching [28], and derived analytical asymptotes for their time-independent shapes. He and coauthors developed semi-analytical models for elastic relaxation and misfit dislocations in nanostructures grown on lattice-mismatched substrates [29] and contributed into development of epitaxial techniques for monolithic integration of high quality optical III-V nanostructures with silicon electronic platform [8,18,30]. Dubrovskii prefers analytical calculations to computers and tries to present theoretical models for complex growth behavior in a simple analytic form with a minimum number of physically transparent parameters. Dubrovskii main areas are currently in modeling and shaping of sophisticated nanowire nanoheterostructures, nucleation theory in the nanoscale, physical chemistry of alloys and compounds, and analytic size distributions. He is working with experimentalists on design and functionalization of optoelectronic nanoheterostructures. Dubrovskii is lecturing in nucleation theory, epitaxy of nanostructures and growth modeling of nanowires. He has supervised 10 PhD students, 2 of them under European Marie Curie Initial Training Networks. [1] V. G. Dubrovskii et al., Phys. Rev. B 71, 205325 (2005). [2] F. Glas et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 146101 (2007). [3] V. G. Dubrovskii et al., Phys. Rev. B 77, 035414 (2008). [4] V. G. Dubrovskii et al., Nano Lett. 11, 1247 (2011). [5] E. Gil, V. G. Dubrovskii et al., Nano Lett. 14, 3938 (2014). [6] J. Tersoff, Nano Lett. 15, 6609 (2015). [7] G. Priante, S. Ambrosini, V. G. Dubrovskii et al., Cryst. Growth Des.13, 3976 (2013). [8] V. G. Dubrovskii et al., Nano Lett. 15, 5580 (2015). [9] V. G. Dubrovskii et al., Cryst. Growth Des. 16, 2167 (2016). [10] V. G. Dubrovskii et al., Nanotechnology 27, 375602 (2016). [11] V. G. Dubrovskii, Cryst. Growth Des.15, 5738 (2015). [12] V. G. Dubrovskii and N. V. Sibirev, Cryst. Growth Des. 16, 2019 (2016). [13] Q. Gao, V. G. Dubrovskii et al., Nano Lett. 16, 4361 (2016). [14] V. G. Dubrovskii et al., Phys. Rev. B 85, 165317 (2012). [15] V. G. Dubrovskii, J. Chem. Phys. 131, 164514 (2009). [16] V. G. Dubrovskii and M. V. Nazarenko, J. Chem. Phys. 132, 114507 (2010). [17] V. G. Dubrovskii et al., J. Chem. Phys. 134, 094507 (2011). [18] V. G. Dubrovskii et al., Cryst. Growth Des. 10, 3949 (2010). [19] V. G. Dubrovsky, Theor. Math. Phys. 108, 1110 (1996). [20] V. G. Dubrovskii and N. V. Sibirev, Phys. Rev. E 91, 042408 (2015). [21] T. Vicsek and F. Family, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 1669 (1984). [22] V. G. Dubrovskii and N. V. Sibirev, Phys. Rev. E 70, 031604 (2004). [23] V. G. Dubrovskii and J. Grecenkov, Cryst. Growth Des. 15, 340 (2015). [24] V. G. Dubrovskii et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 105501 (2012). [25] V. G. Dubrovskii, Phys. Rev. B 87, 195426 (2013). [26] V. G. Dubrovskii, Phys. Rev. B 93, 174203 (2016). [27] F. Glas and V. G. Dubrovskii, Phys. Rev. B, submitted (2017). [28] F. Glas et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 135501 (2010). [29] X. Zhang, V. G. Dubrovskii et al., Cryst. Growth Des. 11, 5441 (2011). [30] K. W. Ng et al., ACS Nano 7, 100 (2013). Dubrovskii has authored and co-authored more than 600 research papers in leading technical journals and conferences, with more than 250 journal papers indexed by WoS. His Hirsh-index is 40 (WoS). Vladimir G. Dubrovskii"
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"2017 Women's Australian Hockey League The 2017 Women's Australian Hockey League was the 25th edition of women's field hockey tournament. The tournament was held in Perth, Western Australia between 28 September – 8 October. In the 2017 edition, invitational teams from New Zealand and India competed in the tournament alongside the Australian states and territories. VIC Vipers won the tournament for the third time, by defeating defending champions QLD Scorchers 2–1 in a penalty shoot-out, after the final finished a 2–2 draw. NSW Arrows won the bronze medal after defeating the NZL Development team 3–1 in the third and fourth playoff. Teams are split evenly into pools A and B where they compete in a single round-robin format. At the conclusion of the initial pool stage, the top two teams in each pool progress to the medal playoffs in Pool C, while the remaining six teams progress to the classification matches in Pool D. In Pool D, teams carry over points earned in previous matches and contest the teams they are yet to play. Final ranking in Pool D determines the final tournament standing from fifth to tenth place. In Pool C, teams carry over points earned in previous matches and contest the teams they are yet to play. The top two teams then progress to the final, while the bottom two teams contest the third and fourth place playoff. All times are in AWST: \"(UTC+08:00)\" 2017 Women's Australian Hockey League The 2017 Women's Australian Hockey League was the 25th edition of women's field hockey tournament. The tournament was held in Perth, Western Australia between 28 September – 8 October. In the 2017 edition, invitational teams from New Zealand and India competed in the tournament alongside the Australian states and territories. VIC Vipers won the tournament for the third time,"
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"Camden, North Carolina Camden is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Camden County, North Carolina, United States. It is the county seat of Camden County, a consolidated city-county. As of the 2010 census, the Camden CDP had a population of 599. Camden is located on the eastern banks of the Pasquotank River, across from which lies Elizabeth City. It currently has two traffic lights, and is centered at the intersection of U.S. Highway 158 and North Carolina Highway 343. It boasts five schools: Grandy Primary School, Camden Intermediate School, Camden Middle School, Camden County High, and Camden Early College High School. Camden is part of the Elizabeth City, North Carolina Micropolitan Statistical Area. The Camden County Courthouse, Camden County Jail, Lamb-Ferebee House, and Milford are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Camden, North Carolina Camden is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Camden County, North Carolina, United States. It is the county seat of Camden County, a consolidated city-county. As of the 2010 census, the Camden CDP had a population of 599. Camden is located on the eastern banks of the Pasquotank River, across from which lies Elizabeth City. It currently has two traffic"
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"Springwest Academy Springwest Academy, formerly Feltham Community College, is a secondary school in Feltham in the London Borough of Hounslow. In addition to the mainstream school, FCC also has two specialist units incorporated into it. These units are an Autism Resource Centre, (ARC) and a centre for students with physical disabilities (PD Centre). In the 1960s three schools, Tudor Grammar, De Brome (Boys Secondary Modern) School and Lafone (Girls Secondary Modern) School, were amalgamated to form Feltham Comprehensive School, known as \"The Feltham School\". The school ran from three sites, Upper School, Browells Lane (former Tudor Grammar site), and East and West Buildings located in Boundaries Road on the opposite side of the busy A312 Uxbridge Road. The Boundaries Road buildings were the former De Brome and Lafone sites respectively. When Feltham School opened, the former Lafone building had 12-form entry at age 11,(\"Lower School\") with pupils transferring to the De Brome building (\"Middle School\") for what were then known as the third and fourth years of secondary school (years 9 and 10 under the current year name system). In later years, prior to the move to a single site, both these buildings accommodated 11-14 year olds, i.e. present school years 7-10, with an equal number of forms in each building. During the late 1970s the school had a poor reputation. The first head teacher of Feltham School, Percy Bambury, encountered many difficulties related to the adjustment to a non-selective comprehensive system while trying to retain many of the high standards of achievement of the former Tudor Grammar, of which he had also been Head Teacher. Separate Deputy Heads for each of the individual buildings attempted to encourage pupils to aim high and \"seize the day\" (the English translation of the new school;'s motto, still in use today). The catchment area for the school is often described by media commentators as a tough working class suburb of London, though in reality children at the school come from a wide range of backgrounds in an area with Heathrow Airport as the principal employer, but many other service, IT and retail industries operating in the area too. The poor reputation may not have been entirely justified, however. The school achieved considerable success with musical productions and individual achievers such as Michael Collins and Wilfred Penny-Worth-Smythe. Also during this period, starting in November 1975, Deputy Head Brian Tyler (later featured in a BBC TV series about another comprehensive of which he became head)instituted what became a regular exchange programme for a number of years between students in the upper years of the school and Eton College in nearby Windsor. Feltham students stayed in the Eton College houses, went to lessons and generally entered into Eton's extra-curricular activities, while their Eton counterparts of similar age attended classes and social activities at Feltham while staying with the families of their exchanges. The appointment of Paul M. Grant as Head Teacher on the retirement of Percy Bambury in 1976 led to improvements in both discipline and standards. There was also a large investment in the school by the London Borough of Hounslow. A sixth form centre and additional facilities for pupils of 15–16 years, necessitated by the raising of the school leaving age in 1973, had led to the construction of what became known as the ROSLA block on the Browells Lane site. This was followed with the opening in 1983 of the Art, Design and Technology Building, and the construction of the first astroturf pitches in the borough. With the completion of this building, the former Lafone Girls School site (by now known as Lower West) was closed,with the exception of the separate gymnasium building. The main school building had been diagnosed with concrete cancer and was scheduled for demolition, which was completed by 1985. Through the mid to late 1980s, the school became more involved in community education, no longer restricting use of the school for those between the ages 11 to 19. This led to the school changing its name to Feltham Community School. Popular evening classes even enabled former less successful students of the school to re-take A Levels in adult life and in many cases to go on to mature age entry to higher education. The school continued working on two sites, i.e. the old De Brome (\"Lower East\") building and the Browells Lane (Tudor) complex, with pupils having to move between both via a purpose-built footbridge across the main road during breaks until the new Maths, Science, IT, and Library building was opened in 1985. Once open the former De Brome Boys School or East Building was closed, again with the exception of the gym. The De Brome building as a whole has however since remained in largely educational and Youth Service use, initially as a Road Safety Centre for the borough of Hounslow, and now as the Feltham campus of West Thames College, which offers mainly tertiary and technical education for the 16-19 year age group, though some provision is also now being made for younger pupils post-14 to study technical subjects here. Noteworthy. In April 1986 the new state of the art Library was officially opened as the Russell Kerr Library, by the Labour Party leader at the time, the Right Honourable Neil Kinnock. Australian-born Kerr had been the area's Labour MP for many years. A time capsule was also buried with contemporary items to be unearthed 50 years later. The final stage of development, a new sports complex, was delayed due to council cuts. This left sports and Physical Education still on three sites. In the early 1990s the new sports complex was built and completed. This finally brought the school on to one site. The former Lafone Girls School (West Building) site has since become a small housing estate, the names of which include De Brome Road, Slattery Road (after a former local councillor) and Wyatt Close. The former school gym still exists and is now used by Sportac 76, a Sports Gymnastics club which began life in the year of the Montreal Olympic games and the success of Jeff Davis, a former Tudor and Feltham pupil who was a talented gymnast. The Browells lane site stands on part of Hanworth Park, also known as Hanworth Air Park which was one of London's first aerodromes. These were once the grounds of Hanworth Palace, a former hunting lodge for King Henry VIII of England,hence the original grammar school's name of \"Tudor Grammar\" with the Tudor rose as its emblem. The school converted to an academy in 2011, but remained Feltham Community College, until it was renamed in 2016, as the current Springwest Academy. While named Feltham Community College, Ms Smith remained headteacher until Ms Victoria Eadie was in the post in 2010. Ms Mariella Wilson is the current headteacher of Springwest Academy. Springwest Academy Springwest Academy, formerly Feltham Community College, is a secondary school in Feltham in the London Borough of Hounslow. In addition to the mainstream school, FCC also has two specialist units incorporated into it. These units are an Autism Resource Centre, (ARC) and a centre for students with physical disabilities (PD Centre). In the 1960s three schools, Tudor Grammar, De Brome (Boys Secondary Modern)"
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"Egyptian plover The Egyptian plover (\"Pluvianus aegyptius\"), also known as the crocodile bird, is a wader, the only member of the genus \"Pluvianus\". Formerly placed in the pratincole and courser family, Glareolidae, it is now regarded as the sole member of its own monotypic family Pluvianidae. The species is one of several plovers doubtfully associated with the \"trochilus\" bird mentioned in a supposed cleaning symbiosis with the Nile crocodile. The Egyptian plover is a striking and unmistakable species. The 19–21 cm long adult has a black crown, back, eye-mask and breast band. The rest of the head is white. The remaining upperpart plumage is blue-grey, and the underparts are orange. The longish legs are blue-grey. In flight, it is even more spectacular, with the black crown and back contrasting with the grey of the upperparts and wings. The flight feathers are brilliant white crossed by a black bar. From below, the flying bird is entirely white, apart from the orange belly and black wing bar. After landing, members of a pair greet each other by raising their wings in an elaborate ceremony that shows off the black and white markings. The sexes are similar, but juveniles are duller and the black marking are intermixed with brown. The Egyptian plover is a localised resident in tropical sub-Saharan Africa. It breeds on sandbars in very large rivers. This usually very tame bird is found in pairs or small groups near water. It feeds by pecking for insects. The call is a high-pitched \"krrr-krrr-krrr\". Its two or three eggs are not incubated, but are buried in warm sand, temperature control being achieved by the adult sitting on the eggs with a water-soaked belly to cool them. If the adult leaves the nest, it smooths sand over the eggs, though if it is frightened the job may be hasty. The chicks are precocial, and can run as soon as they are hatched and feed themselves shortly afterwards. The adults cool the chicks in the same way as with the eggs. The chicks may drink water from the adult's belly feathers. The adults bury the chicks in the sand temporarily if danger threatens. The bird is sometimes referred to as the crocodile bird for its alleged symbiotic relationship with crocodiles. According to Herodotus, the crocodiles lie on the shore with their mouths open and a bird called \"trochilus\" flies into the crocodiles' mouths so as to feed on decaying meat lodged between the crocodiles' teeth. The identification of the trochilus with any particular plover is doubtful, as is the cleaning symbiosis itself; no known photographic evidence exists, and the written accounts are considered suspect by the biologist Thomas Howell. Egyptian plover The Egyptian plover (\"Pluvianus aegyptius\"), also known as the crocodile bird, is a wader, the only member of the genus \"Pluvianus\". Formerly placed in the pratincole and courser family, Glareolidae, it is now regarded as the sole member of its own monotypic family Pluvianidae. The species is one of several plovers doubtfully associated with"
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"Apollon Kutateladze Apollon Karamanovich Kutateladze (in Georgian: , in Khoni – in Tbilisi) was a Georgian painter. Apollon Kutateladze starts to study in Poti, Georgia. He continues to study at the \"Caucasian society of artist support\" school, where he will be specialised in art from 1914 to 1915. In 1915, he will quit Poti to join the \"Nikolay Sklifosovsky\" Academy of Painting and Drawing in the capital, Tbilisi, before joining the Georgian army in 1916. He will be sent to battle in 1921 against the Red Army, as part of the Georgian War of Independence. After his demobilisation, he participates to the satirical journal \"\"Nalgui\"\" () in Tbilisi. He graduated from Tbilisi State Academy of Arts in 1926 after studying four years with teachers Eugene Lanceray, Gigo Gabashvili and Iosif Adolfovich Charlemagne. He has had several academic trips to Leningrad. From 1943 onward, Apollon Kutateladze establishes himself in Tbilisi and teaches at Tbilisi State Academy of Arts, of which he will become the rector in 1959. He will put in place in the Academy a new pedagogical method of teaching Arts, which consists in education, practise (workshop creation) and construction (projects from industrial partners). This will leave the classical art pedagogical methods behind, to the profit of the new method derived from the three principles of Walter Gropius in Bauhaus. Throughout his career, Apollon Kutateldaze will receive the Order of the Badge of Honour twice and the Order of the Red Banner of Labour once. He will also become People's Artist of the USSR. Apollon Kutateladze marries Vera Georgievna Megreladze. He will have two sons: Tariel Kutateladze (architect) and Guram Kutateladze (painter). His second wife, Maria Ivanovna Edokimova, will give him two daughters: Manana Kutateladze and Nana Kutateladze (who will marry Georgy Konstantinovich Totibadze). His third and last wife was Mirel Zdanevich (daughter of ) will give him his last son: Karaman Kutateladze (painter), before Apollon Kutateladze's death in 1972. Tbilisi State Academy of Arts will be renamed Apollon Kutateladze State Academy of Arts after his death in 1972. A street in Tbilisi is also renamed Apollon Kutateladze Street around 2000. Apollon Kutateladze actually rests in the Didube Pantheon in Tbilisi. Apollon Kutateladze has created a large quantity of works during his lifetime, of which many historical scenes and portraits, such as: Apollon Kutateladze Apollon Karamanovich Kutateladze (in Georgian: , in Khoni – in Tbilisi) was a Georgian painter. Apollon"
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"Solar Electric Light Fund The Solar Electric Light Fund (SELF) is a Washington, D.C.-based nonprofit whose mission is to design and implement solar energy solutions to assist those living in energy poverty with their economic, educational, health care, and agricultural development. Since 1990, SELF has completed projects in more than 20 countries, using solar energy to power drip irrigation in Benin, health care in Haiti, telemedicine in the Amazon rainforest, online learning in South Africa, and microenterprise development in Nigeria. SELF believes that energy access is essential to achieving the Millennium Development Goals. SELF's Whole Village Development Model takes an integrated approach to community empowerment by using a mix of solar energy solutions to improve the lives of the 1.5 billion people who don't have access to electricity around the world. By working closely with communities and adhering to its principles of SELF Determination, SELF Help and SELF Reliance, it seeks to provide benefits in: SELF was founded in 1990 by Neville Williams, an award-winning journalist and author (), who had experience actively promoting solar power as a staffer with the U.S. Department of Energy during the Carter administration. For much of the 1990s, SELF's primary mission was to deliver solar home systems – 50-watt units installed at the household level that could generate enough power to run a few compact fluorescent lights, a radio, and a small black and white television for four or five hours each evening. The electricity generated by the solar panel is stored in a battery, which then provides power at night and during rainy weather. In its early projects, SELF used funds donated by private philanthropies to buy home-size photovoltaic systems in bulk on the open market, usually enough for one small village at a time. SELF then sold the systems to villagers in developing areas, in partnership, where possible, with in-country nonprofit agencies. Each participating household made a 20 percent down payment on a solar energy system and paid off the balance – usually between $300 and $400 – over several years. The buyers'payments were pooled in a local revolving loan fund from which their neighbors could borrow to buy their own solar power gear. SELF used a portion of the proceeds on the equipment to establish a local dealership and train residents as solar installers and technicians. The revolving loan funds made it possible for villagers to finance the continued dissemination of solar systems in their areas. Over time, SELF began to evolve more elaborate project structures. In a joint venture with local partners in India, SELF formed a for-profit subsidiary using India's Ministry of New and Renewable Energy to tap World Bank funds set aside specifically for photovoltaic installations. In part, the company used the money to finance rural co-ops' bulk purchase of solar-energy systems for their members, to install the systems, and to train local technicians. The company then repaid the World Bank's loan from funds collected from the co-ops. In 1997, SELF decided to launch a for-profit affiliate, the Solar Electric Light Company, or SELCO, based in Bangalore, India, whose goal would be to sell solar home systems in the states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Neville Williams stepped down from his role with SELF to run SELCO, and SELF's board of directors appointed Robert A. Freling as the new executive director. Since 1995, SELCO has sold, serviced, and financed over 115,000 solar systems. Beginning in 2000, SELF embarked on its next generation of projects that would seek to harness solar energy for things such as advancing water pumping and purification, purveying electrification to rural schools and health clinics, providing power to small businesses and micro-enterprises, and facilitating communication access. The first opportunity to fulfill this expanded vision was found in South Africa, where SELF had been working on a project to install solar home systems in the Valley of a Thousand Hills, in the province of KwaZulu-Natal. SELF installed a 1.5-kilowatt solar array, which generated enough electricity to power approximately 20 PCs donated by Dell Computers and a small satellite dish that delivered Internet access to Myeka High School. This was the first solar-powered computer lab built in South Africa, and the pass rate at Myeka High School jumped from 30 percent to 70 percent within a year and a half of installation. In 2003, SELF found the opportunity to implement a \"Whole-Village\" approach when the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) invited SELF to carry out a solar electrification project in Nigeria. With support from the DOE, SELF equipped three villages in Jigawa State, in northern Nigeria, with solar power systems for a community water-pumping system, a health clinic, a primary school, street lighting, a portable irrigation pump, and a micro-enterprise center. Since then, SELF has continued to implement this model in other project countries. SELF has worked in over 20 countries, using solar energy to power health clinics, schools, community centers, water pumps, mosques, drip irrigation, streetlights, and micro-enterprise centers. In addition to its current project sites, SELF has worked in Bhutan, Brazil, Burundi, China, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Lesotho, the Navajo Nation, Nepal, Nigeria, Rwanda, the Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Uganda, Vietnam, and Zimbabwe. In partnership with the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) and Association pour le Developpement Economique Social et Culturel de Kalalé (ADESCA), SELF has installed a total of eleven of its Solar Market Gardens™ (SMG), an innovative, unique solar-powered drip irrigation system, for women farming collectives in Dunkassa and Bessassi, two villages in the arid, northern part of the country. A two-year study conducted by Stanford University's Program on Food Security and the Environment department appearing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that SELF's SMGs, \"significantly augments both household income and nutritional intake, particularly during the dry season, and is cost effective compared to alternative technologies.\" In addition to the SMGs, SELF has also installed three community water wells, streetlights, and solar systems to power two schools and a health center. In 2014, SELF finished the installation of a solar micro-grid that will power a micro-enterprise center in Bessassi, and construction of a second micro-enterprise center in Dunkassa is nearing completion. SELF's future plans include replicating the potable water pumping stations in two more villages, assessing the potential for vaccine refrigerators at solar-electrified clinics, preparing for a pilot internet café, and planning a solar home lantern program. After the 2010 earthquake, SELF and Partners In Health teamed to develop the Rebuilding Haiti Initiative to fully power eight health centers. SELF has also installed 100 solar powered streetlights in tent camps to increase safety, and in collaboration with NRG Energy, Inc. and the Clinton Bush Haiti Fund, SELF has completed the Sun Lights the Way: Brightening Boucan-Carré project by installing solar systems to power a fish farm, 20 schools, a Solar Market Garden™, and a microenterprise center. The success of this project has increased the quality of education for students in remote areas and has contributed to ensuring year-round food security. In 2013, SELF solarized an additional seven schools to serve nearly 2,000 students, and also installed 20 solar-powered streetlights around Boucan-Carré in dangerous areas. Currently, SELF is installing two solar micro-grids that will provide electricity to 15,000 people in Port-à-Piment, Côteaux, Roche-à-Bateaux, and Fe-Yo-Bien, to be completed in 2015. With support from Acción Social (a governmental agency in Colombia) and Microsoft, SELF",
"Fund, SELF has completed the Sun Lights the Way: Brightening Boucan-Carré project by installing solar systems to power a fish farm, 20 schools, a Solar Market Garden™, and a microenterprise center. The success of this project has increased the quality of education for students in remote areas and has contributed to ensuring year-round food security. In 2013, SELF solarized an additional seven schools to serve nearly 2,000 students, and also installed 20 solar-powered streetlights around Boucan-Carré in dangerous areas. Currently, SELF is installing two solar micro-grids that will provide electricity to 15,000 people in Port-à-Piment, Côteaux, Roche-à-Bateaux, and Fe-Yo-Bien, to be completed in 2015. With support from Acción Social (a governmental agency in Colombia) and Microsoft, SELF conducted a week-long site assessment and determined that deploying solar electric systems for the indigenous Arhuaco, Kogi and Wiwa communities in the Sierra Nevada mountains of northern Colombia is feasible. The project, a part of the Cordon Ambiental y Tradicional de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta initiative led by Acción Social, is intended to power the health and educational facilities in the villages, along with community lighting systems at select locations. SELF was selected as a Grand Challenges Explorations winner, an initiative funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, for groundbreaking research in solar powered direct-drive freezers to support global health and development. To support immunization efforts at two remote village health posts in the mountains of Colombia's Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, SELF successfully field-tested three solar powered direct-drive vaccine refrigerators and the first commercially available direct-drive, battery-free vaccine icepack freezer. Following the tests, the fridge and freezer were donated to the village of Sabana Crespo. SELF is also working on plans to install a solar energy based microgrid in the village of Sabana Crespo to power coffee facilities, the village general store, a health care clinic which includes a new laboratory, and the village's school and cafeteria. In alphabetical order Solar Electric Light Fund The Solar Electric Light Fund (SELF) is a Washington, D.C.-based nonprofit whose mission is to design and implement solar energy solutions to assist those living in energy poverty with their economic, educational, health care, and agricultural development. Since 1990, SELF has completed projects in more than 20 countries, using solar energy to power drip irrigation in Benin, health care in Haiti, telemedicine in"
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"Spartan C3 The Spartan C3 was an American three-seat open cockpit biplane of the late 1920s. The type originated as the Mid-Continent Spartan of 1926. The company was reorganised as Spartan Aircraft Company in 1928 and a series of Spartan C3 aircraft was built between that year and 1930 . The C3 was a tube, wood and fabric aircraft with two open cockpits accommodating three people, and the tail unit had a distinctive \"rounded square\" shape. Around 122 examples were completed with various engines leading to differing designations. The C3 was used by schools of flying for training instruction. Other firms utilised the aircraft's two-passenger capability in \"barnstorming operations\". Three C3 aircraft survived in the U.S. in 2001, of which two were airworthy. Currently, as of 2009, there is only one left that is airworthy. This plane is owned and operated by Lee Kunze of Howards Grove, Wisconsin. As of 2018, a C3-165 is displayed in the Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome Museum in New York state; and a C3-225 is on public view in the EAA AirVenture Museum at Oshkosh Wisconsin. Spartan C3 The Spartan C3 was an American three-seat open cockpit biplane of the late 1920s. The type originated as"
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"OpenMicroBlogging OpenMicroBlogging was an open protocol that allowed different microblogging services to inter-operate. It lets the user of one service subscribe to notices by a user of another service. This enables a federation of new communities, as potentially an organization of any size can host a service. OpenMicroBlogging utilizes the OAuth and Yadis protocols and does not depend on any central authority. OpenMicroBlogging has been superseded by an enhanced version of it, OStatus. OStatus will also be implemented by the Diaspora social platform. The first implementation of the OpenMicroBlogging protocol is the Laconica software, which changed name to StatusNet in August 2009. Identi.ca is the first service to support OpenMicroBlogging, and other sizeable services including Leo Laporte's Twit Army at https://web.archive.org/web/20080826063959/http://army.twit.tv/ were amongst those powered by the open source StatusNet. Since March 2009 one can search users' accounts in Twit Army from within Identi.ca. You could also subscribe to accounts at Twit Army from your Identi.ca account. The second implementation of the OpenMicroBlogging protocol is the OpenMicroBlogger software. Implementations: Services OpenMicroBlogging OpenMicroBlogging was an open protocol that allowed different microblogging services to inter-operate. It lets the user of one service subscribe to notices by a user of another service. This"
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"Xiangtan County Xiangtan County () is a county in Hunan Province, China; it is under the administration of Xiangtan City. Located on the east central Hunan, the county is bordered to the north by Yuhu, Yuetang Districts and Xiangtan City, to the west by Xiangxiang City and Shuangfeng County, to the south by Hengshan and Hengdong Counties, to the east by Zhuzhou County and Tianyuan District of Zhuzhou City. Xiangtan County covers , as of 2015, it had a registered population of 979,600 and a resident population of 857,200. The county has 14 towns and 3 townships under its jurisdiction, the county seat is at Yisuhe Town (). After an adjustment of subdistrict divisions of Xiangtan County on 19 November 2015, Xiangtan County has 14 towns and 3 townships under its jurisdiction. they are: Xiangtan County Xiangtan County () is a county in Hunan Province, China; it is under the administration of Xiangtan City. Located on the east central Hunan, the county is bordered to the north by Yuhu, Yuetang Districts and Xiangtan City, to the west by Xiangxiang City and Shuangfeng County, to the south by Hengshan and Hengdong Counties, to the east by Zhuzhou County and Tianyuan District"
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"Andrew McNair Andrew McNair is best known for being the custodian who served the Continental Congress. A member of the Masonic Order, he served as official ringer of the Liberty Bell from 1759 to 1776, and he likely rang it to announce independence, on July 8, 1776 (the announcement was delayed four days to allow the Declaration of Independence to be printed). His services were terminated September 15, 1776, for unknown reasons. It is known that he was in failing health at the time. There are no records that state when he died or where he was buried. The records of the American Philosophical Society record that on March 22, 1768, the Society contracted McNair to make the fires, light and extinguish candles, and keep its meeting room clean, for four shillings a night. McNair was played in the play and movie \"1776\" by William Duell. In his poem, \"The Liberty Bell,\" Charles Brockden Brown describes McNair, not by name as follows: <poem> Far aloft in that high steeple, He was weary of the tyrant </poem> In 2006, McNair's descendant, Edward McNair, offered a ring on eBay made from metal Andrew McNair had supposedly broken from the Liberty Bell (with a \"buy it now\" price of $75,000). After the chief caretaker of the Bell opined that Andrew McNair could not have done so, the ring was withdrawn from sale. Andrew McNair Andrew McNair is best known for being the custodian who served the Continental Congress. A member of the Masonic Order, he served as official ringer of the Liberty Bell from 1759 to 1776, and he likely rang it to announce independence, on July 8, 1776 (the announcement was delayed four days to allow the Declaration of Independence to be printed). His services were terminated September 15, 1776, for unknown"
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"Bruno Dupire Bruno Dupire is a researcher and lecturer in quantitative finance. He is currently Head of Quantitative Research at Bloomberg LP. He is best known for his contributions to local volatility modeling and Functional Ito Calculus. He is also an Instructor at New York University, in the Courant Master of Science Program in Mathematics in Finance. Dupire is best known for showing how to derive a local volatility model consistent with a surface of option prices across strikes and maturities, establishing the so-called Dupire's approach to local volatility for modeling the volatility smile. The Dupire equation is a partial differential equation ( PDE ) that links the contemporaneous prices of European call options of all strikes and maturities to the instantaneous volatility of the price process, assumed to be a function of price and time only. Dupire is the recipient of the \"Risk\" magazine \"Lifetime Achievement Award\" for 2008, and has been voted in 2006 as the most important derivatives practitioner of the previous 5 years in the ICBI Global Derivatives industry survey. He has also been included in Dec' 02 in the Risk magazine \"Hall of Fame\" of the 50 most influential people in the history of financial derivatives. In 2006 he was awarded the Cutting Edge research award by \"Wilmott Magazine\" Books Papers Bruno Dupire Bruno Dupire is a researcher and lecturer in quantitative finance. He is currently Head of Quantitative Research at Bloomberg LP. He is best known for his contributions to local volatility modeling and Functional Ito Calculus. He is also an Instructor at New York University, in the Courant Master of Science Program in Mathematics in Finance. Dupire is best known for showing how to derive a local volatility model consistent with a surface of option prices across strikes and maturities, establishing the so-called"
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"Paul Carrington (American football) Paul Carrington (born November 11, 1982) is a former American football defensive end. He was signed by the Atlanta Falcons as an undrafted free agent in 2006. He played college football at Central Florida. Carrington was also a member of the Denver Broncos and California Redwoods. After going undrafted in the 2006 NFL Draft, Carrington signed with the Atlanta Falcons as an undrafted free agent. He appeared in 15 games (starting two) for the Falcons as a rookie, recording 37 tackles, three sacks and a forced fumble. The Falcons waived Carrington during final cuts on September 1, 2007. Carringon signed with the Denver Broncos on November 6, 2007, but was inactive for every game with the team that season. He was waived by the Broncos on August 30 and spent the rest of the season out of football. Carrington was signed by the California Redwoods of the United Football League on August 18, 2009. Paul Carrington (American football) Paul Carrington (born November 11, 1982) is a former American football defensive end. He was signed by the Atlanta Falcons as an undrafted free agent in 2006. He played college football at Central Florida. Carrington was also a"
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"For Ol' Times Sake \"For Ol' Times Sake'\" is a song by Tony Joe White, covered in 1973 by Elvis Presley. It was written by Tony Joe White, who originally released it on his 1973 album \"Homemade Ice Cream\". His other songs covered by Presley are \"Polk Salad Annie\" and \"I've Got a Thing About You Baby\". Elvis recorded it at Stax Recording Studios in Memphis, Tennessee. on July 23, 1973. Elvis Presley's version was first released in 1973 on a single with \"Raised on Rock\" on the other side. Both songs were then included on the album \"Raised on Rock / For Ol' Times Sake\". The single \"Raised on Rock\" / \"For Ol' Times Sake\" (listed by \"Billboard\" as a double-A-sided hit) reached number 41 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on the week of October 27, 1973. In addition, the song \"For Ol' Times Sake\" reached number 42 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles on the week of November 24. For Ol' Times Sake \"For Ol' Times Sake'\" is a song by Tony Joe White, covered in 1973 by Elvis Presley. It was written by Tony Joe White, who originally released it on his 1973 album \"Homemade Ice Cream\"."
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"Don Harris (Australian footballer) Don Harris (27 June 1905 – 11 August 1979) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond and Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Harris, a defender, played in three successive grand finals for Richmond but was never a member of a premiership team. The Burnley recruit was a back pocket in the 1926, 1927 and 1928 VFL Grand Finals. He spent the last two seasons of his league career at Collingwood. His seven votes in the 1932 Brownlow Medal were bettered by only one teammate, Syd Coventry. The year ended with a preliminary final loss and he then retired for business reasons. He however continued participating in amateur football, as the playing coach of Kew in the Sub-District Football Association. Don Harris (Australian footballer) Don Harris (27 June 1905 – 11 August 1979) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond and Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Harris, a defender, played in three successive grand finals for Richmond but was never a member of a premiership team. The Burnley recruit was a back pocket in the 1926, 1927 and 1928 VFL Grand Finals. He spent the last two seasons of"
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"SAGA System The SAGA System is a role-playing game system that uses \"fate cards\" to determine the effects of actions. The cards have numbers, suits, positive and negative states, and role-playing cues that guide the gamemaster in telling the story and administering the game. The system has been used in TSR, Inc.'s \"\" game and the \"Marvel Super Heroes Adventure Game\", later published by TSR. Sue Cook was the brand manager for both of those game systems, and helped design the SAGA game rules. In SAGA, a player holds a hand of fate cards that represent his health and the range of actions he can take. The maximum number of cards he can hold is determined by the number of quests he has completed. This replaces the experience points system of many other role-playing games. The cards replace dice-rolling, as well. When a player attempts an action, he plays a card from his hand. If the suit on the card matches the action type (swords for strength-related actions, for example) it is considered \"Trump.\" Playing a trump card means that the player can draw another card from the top of the Fate Deck and add the number on it to his total for attempting the action. When a character takes damage, the player must discard the number of points of damage to be taken from his hand. When a player has no more cards in his hand, the character is unconscious. SAGA System The SAGA System is a role-playing game system that uses \"fate cards\" to determine the effects of actions. The cards have numbers, suits, positive and negative states, and role-playing cues that guide the gamemaster in telling the story and administering the game. The system has been used in TSR, Inc.'s \"\" game and the \"Marvel Super Heroes"
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"Emily Remler Emily Remler (September 18, 1957 – May 4, 1990) was an American jazz guitarist, active from the late 1970s until her death in 1990. Born in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Remler began guitar at age ten. She listened to pop and rock guitarists like Jimi Hendrix and Johnny Winter. At the Berklee College of Music in the 1970s, she listened to jazz guitarists Charlie Christian, Wes Montgomery, Herb Ellis, Pat Martino, and Joe Pass. Remler settled in New Orleans, where she played in blues and jazz clubs, working with bands such as Four Play and Little Queenie and the Percolators before beginning her recording career in 1981. She was praised by veteran jazz guitarist Herb Ellis, who referred to her as \"the new superstar of guitar\" and introduced her at the Concord Jazz Festival in 1978. In a 1982 interview with \"People\" magazine, she said: \"I may look like a nice Jewish girl from New Jersey, but inside I'm a 50-year-old, heavy-set black man with a big thumb, like Wes Montgomery.\" Her first album as a band leader, \"Firefly\", won acclaim, as did \"Take Two\" and \"Catwalk\". She recorded \"Together\" with guitarist Larry Coryell. She participated in the Los Angeles version of \"Sophisticated Ladies\" from 1981–1982 and toured for several years with Astrud Gilberto. She also made two guitar instruction videos. In 1985, she won Guitarist of the Year in \"Down Beat\" magazine's international poll. In 1988, she was artist in residence at Duquesne University and the next year received the Distinguished Alumni award from Berklee. Bob Moses, the drummer on \"Transitions\" and \"Catwalk\", said, \"Emily had that loose, relaxed feel. She swung harder and simpler. She didn't have to let you know that she was a virtuoso in the first five seconds.\" Remler married Jamaican jazz pianist Monty Alexander in 1981, the marriage ending in 1984. Her first guitar was her brother's Gibson ES-330. She played a Borys B120 hollow body electric towards the end of the 1980s. Her acoustic guitars included a 1984 Collectors Series Ovation and a nylon string Korocusci classical guitar that she used for bossa nova. When asked how she wanted to be remembered she remarked, \"Good compositions, memorable guitar playing and my contributions as a woman in music...but the music is everything, and it has nothing to do with politics or the women's liberation movement.\" Remler bore the scars of her longstanding addiction including heroin (which is believed to have contributed to her death) and dilaudid. She died of heart failure at the age of 32 at the Connells Point home of musician Ed Gaston, while on tour in Australia. The album \"Just Friends: A Gathering in Tribute to Emily Remler, Vol. 1\" was released in 1990, and volume 2 followed. Performers from the albums included Steve Masakowski, Herb Ellis, David Benoit, and Eddie Gómez. David Benoit wrote the song \"6-String Poet\", from his album \"Inner Motion\", as a tribute to Remler. In 2006, the Skip Heller Quartet recorded a song called \"Emily Remler\" in her memory. Emily Remler Emily Remler (September 18, 1957 – May 4, 1990) was an American jazz guitarist, active from the late 1970s until her death in 1990. Born in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Remler began guitar at age ten. She listened to pop and rock guitarists like Jimi Hendrix and Johnny Winter. At the Berklee College of Music in the 1970s, she listened to jazz guitarists Charlie Christian, Wes Montgomery, Herb Ellis, Pat Martino, and Joe Pass. Remler settled in New Orleans, where she played in blues and jazz clubs, working with bands such as Four"
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"Tenaturris fulgens Tenaturris fulgens is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae. The length of the shell attains 7 mm, its diameter 2 mm. The ovate shell has a shining aspect. It is white.The pale dot on the last rib is so small and indistinct that it might easily be overlooked. The protoconch consists of two smooth, convex whorls. These are followed by slightly convex whorls showing 11-12 longitudinal ribs that continue in the body whorl almost to the base of the shell. The uppermost of the three or four chief spiral lirations is situated a little above the middle of the whorls, and it is at this point that they appear to be slightly angulated. These spiral liration number 16-18 in the body whorl. The ovate aperture is narrow and measures about half the total length. The outer lip is incrassate and is arched forward at its top. The inner lip is simple. The columella is slightly callous. The siphonal canal is short and narrow. This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off Brazil Tenaturris fulgens Tenaturris fulgens is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae. The"
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"Jürgen Arndt Jürgen Arndt is a German rower who competed for the SG Dynamo Potsdam / Sportvereinigung (SV) Dynamo. In 1974, he came third at the East German National Championships with his coxed four team. He also started with the men's eight that year and also came third at the nationals. In 1975, he became East German National Champion with the eight, and the team was nominated for the world championships. At the 1975 World Rowing Championships in Nottingham, the team won the gold medal. At the 1976 national championships, Arndt came second with the coxed four and third with the eight. At the 1976 national championships, Arndt came second with the men's eight. Jürgen Arndt Jürgen Arndt is a German rower who competed for the SG Dynamo Potsdam / Sportvereinigung (SV) Dynamo. In 1974, he came third at the East German National Championships with his coxed four team. He also started with the men's eight that year and also came third at the nationals. In 1975, he became East German National Champion with the eight, and the team was nominated for the world championships. At the 1975 World Rowing Championships in Nottingham, the team won the gold medal. At"
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"Ober St. Veit (Vienna U-Bahn) Ober St. Veit is a station on of the Vienna U-Bahn. It is located in the Hietzing District. It opened in 1981. \"Ober St. Veit\" is named after Ober Sankt Veit, one of the 9 district sections of Hietzing. The station was built for the \"Wientallinie\" of the Viennese Metropolitan Railway (Stadtbahn), which ran between the stations Hütteldorf and Meidling Hauptstraße in 1898. It was opened on 1 June 1898. In 1925, the Stadtbahn switched from steam power to electric power. Unlike other stations along the Wientallinie of the Stadtbahn, this station was barely damaged during the Second World War. The station building, designed with Otto Wagner's architectural style, still remains standing to this day, but the rest of the station was completely renovated in 1977. It was reopened to the public on 20 December 1981, along with the opening of the U4 subway line. Another entrance to the station with elevators was built - this was opened to the public on 21 December 2001. Ober St. Veit (Vienna U-Bahn) Ober St. Veit is a station on of the Vienna U-Bahn. It is located in the Hietzing District. It opened in 1981. \"Ober St. Veit\""
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"Appanoose County Community Railroad The Appanoose County Community Railroad was based out of Centerville, Iowa. It was a shortline running to the community of Albia, Iowa, where it distributed cars from Centerville to be put on the BNSF Railway's trains. The railroad was hit hard when the local Rubbermaid plant in Centerville (APNC's premier customer) closed its doors on September 15, 2006. At least 75% of the cargo hauled by the shortline was from Rubbermaid. The railroad was partly operated by the county. In 2016, a new railroad, the Iowa Southern Railway (ISRY), took over operations on the line. It is one of the short-line railroads operated by Progressive Rail Incorporated. Every July, the APNC Railroad offered train rides from Moravia, Iowa. The train traveled from Moravia to Albia. Several different trains were operated each day, and one of the two GP7s pulled them. The APNC railroad, now Iowa Southern, passes through four Iowa towns: Centerville, Udell, Moravia and Albia. Appanoose County Community Railroad The Appanoose County Community Railroad was based out of Centerville, Iowa. It was a shortline running to the community of Albia, Iowa, where it distributed cars from Centerville to be put on the BNSF Railway's trains."
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"Haydon Bridge railway station Haydon Bridge railway station is a railway station which serves the village of Haydon Bridge in Northumberland, England. It is located on the Tyne Valley Line which runs from Newcastle upon Tyne to Carlisle, and is managed by Northern who provide all passenger train services. The station is sited west of Newcastle and east of Carlisle. The Newcastle and Carlisle Railway was formed in 1829, and was opened in stages. The section of that line between and Haydon Bridge was opened on 28 June 1836; the terminus station at Haydon Bridge was temporary, and was replaced by a permanent station on 18 June 1838, when the line was extended to . The next station to the east of Haydon Bridge was , which closed in 1967. The station became an unstaffed halt the same year, though the main station building is still intact and used as a private house. The station's distinctive manually operated wooden level crossing gates (as seen in the accompanying photograph) have been replaced by modern lifting barriers in January 2009, although they remain under the control of the adjacent NER signal box. There are no ticket facilities at the station, so all tickets need to be purchased in advance or on the train. There are shelters on each platform, with that on the southern (eastbound) side the more substantial. Train running information can be obtained from timetable posters or by telephone; there is a payphone on platform 2. Step-free access is available to both platforms via the level crossing. The station now has an hourly service for most of the day Monday-Saturday (since the May 2018 timetable change), with only one or two services not stopping here. On Sundays, there is a two-hourly service each way. Haydon Bridge railway station Haydon Bridge"
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"Great Falls International Airport Great Falls International Airport is a public/military airport in city limits three miles southwest of central Great Falls in Cascade County, Montana. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a \"primary commercial service\" airport. Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 143,811 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, 146,438 in 2009 and 155,204 in 2010. Great Falls International Airport is home to Great Falls Air National Guard Base, which hosts the Montana Air National Guard's 120th Airlift Wing (120 AW), the \"Vigilantes.\" Operationally-gained by Air Mobility Command (AMC), the 120 AW reequipped with the Lockheed C-130 Hercules in 2014, which it employs in medium airlift missions. In its previous incarnation as the 120th Fighter Wing, it previously flew the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle. Malmstrom Air Force Base, home of the 341st Missile Wing (341 MW) of the Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC), is east of GTF, on the east side of Great Falls. With the transfer of its KC-135 aircraft in the 1990s, Malmstrom's runway is closed to fixed-wing traffic and open only to military helicopters, so Great Falls ANGB provides support for fixed-wing military aircraft visiting Malmstrom AFB. Great Falls International Airport was initiated in November 1928. The airport was leased by the U.S. War Department during World War II and became a home for the 7th Ferrying Group (Air Transport Command) of the U.S. Army Air Forces during the war. During the war years, more than 7,500 bombers and fighter aircraft passed through Great Falls on their way to Europe and the Pacific. The U.S. Army acquired an additional and built many buildings and other facilities. The airport was under government control until June 1948 when the Department of Defense deeded it back to the City of Great Falls with the stipulation that the facility could revert to military control in a national emergency. The airport was released from this clause in 1961. In 1975 the terminal was replaced and all runways, aprons, and taxiways updated. With Federal Aviation Administration matching funds, the Great Falls International Airport Authority performs annual operations, maintenance, and capital improvements. The award-winning terminal was designed by Davidson-Kuhr Architects of Great Falls, Montana, with the lead architect being David S. Davidson. Great Falls has had airline flights since the 1930s. For at least part of each year 1977–1981 it saw scheduled Northwest DC-10s EWR-DTW-ORD-BIL-GTF-GEG-SEA and back. In 2011 the airport recorded the most boardings (172,415) in its history. GTF was the fifth-busiest of the state's 15 major airports in 2011, behind Billings (407,960 enplanements), Bozeman (397,822), Missoula (292,530), and Kalispell (179,034). In early 2012 Frontier Airlines announced new flights to Great Falls from the Denver hub. The Airport Authority hoped to address rising ticket prices and a seasonal shortage of seats with low-cost Frontier flights, however Frontier announced it was pulling out of Great Falls during its Denver hub restructuring in December 2014. AvMax, a Calgary-based large jet maintenance and repair business, opened a large operation at GTF in 2006; they employ 150. The terminal contains what is believed to be the world's largest collection of model airplanes. 883 such airplanes are on display, about 2/3 of the entire collection. The models were built and painted by local Great Falls resident Bary Poletto from 1977 through 2003. Mr. Poletto died in January 2013. See http://centralmontana.com/blog/viewpost/Model_Airplane_Collection_at_Great_Falls_Airport/ The airport covers 2,113 acres (855 ha) at an elevation of 3,680 feet (1,122 m). It has three asphalt runways: 3/21 is 10,502 by 150 feet (3,201 x 46 m); 16/34 is 5,722 by 150 feet (1,744 x 46 m); 7/25 is 4,294 by 75 feet (1,309 x 23 m). In the year ending March 31, 2011 the airport had 41,591 aircraft operations, average 113 per day: 52% general aviation, 25% air taxi, 12% airline, and 11% military. 108 aircraft were then based at this airport: 61% single-engine, 17% military, 11.1% multi-engine, 8% helicopter, and 3% jet. Great Falls International Airport Great Falls International Airport is a public/military airport in city limits three miles southwest of central Great Falls in Cascade County, Montana. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a \"primary"
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"Uqba ibn Nafi ʿUqbah ibn Nāfiʿ (, also referred to as Oqba ibn Nafi, Uqba bin Nafe, Uqba ibn al Nafia, or Akbah; 622–683) was an Arab general serving the Rashidun Caliphate since the Reign of Umar and later on the Umayyad Caliphate during the reigns of Muawiyah I and Yazid I, leading the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb, including present-day Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Morocco. ʿUqbah was the nephew of 'Amr ibn al-'As. He is often surnamed al-Fihri in reference to the Banu Fihri, a clan connected to the Quraysh. His descendants would be known as the ʿUqbids or Fihrids. ʿUqbah is the founder of the cultural city of Kairouan in Tunisia. ʿUqbah accompanied al-ʿAs in his initial capture of cities in North Africa starting with Barca, then proceeding to Tripolitania in 644. In 670 now the emir or commander, ʿUqbah led an Arab army to North Africa, crossing the Egyptian deserts, and setting up military posts at regular intervals along his route. In a region of what is now Tunisia, he established the town now called Kairouan (meaning \"camp\" or \"caravanserai\" in Persian) about south of present-day Tunis, which he used as a base for further operations. According to one legend, one of ʿUqbah's soldiers stumbled across a golden goblet buried in the sands. It was recognized as one that had disappeared from Mecca some years before, and when it was dug out of the sand a spring appeared, with waters said to come from the same source as those of the sacred Zamzam Well in Mecca. This story led to Kairouan becoming a place of pilgrimage and then a holy city (\"the Mecca of the Maghreb\") and the most important city in North Africa. In 683 ʿUqbah was ambushed and killed near Biskra by Kusaila. He died beside his hated rival, Abu al-Muhajir Dinar, during the battle with Kusaila's troops at the Battle of Vescera. His armies evacuated Kairouan and withdrew to Barca, though it was recaptured in 688. Most of the accounts describing Arab conquests of North Africa in general and Uqba's conquests in particular date back to at least two centuries after the conquests have happened. One of the earliest reports come from the Andalucian chronicler Ibn Idhari in his \"Al-Bayan al-Mughrib\". In it, Ibn Idhari describes the moment when Uqba reached the Atlantic Ocean, where he allegedly said, \"O God, if the sea had not prevented me, I would have galloped on for ever like Alexander the Great, upholding your faith and fighting the unbelievers!\" Edward Gibbon, referring to Uqba ibn Nafi as \"Akbah\", gives him the title \"conqueror of Africa,\" beginning his story when he \"marched from Damascus at the head of ten thousand of the bravest Arabs; and the genuine force of the Moslems was enlarged by the doubtful aid and conversion of many thousand Barbarians.\" He then marched into North Africa. Gibbon continues: \"It would be difficult, nor is it necessary, to trace the accurate line of the progress of Akbah.\" On the North African coast, \"the well-known titles of Bugia, and Tangier define the more certain limits of the Saracen victories.\" Gibbon then tells the story of Akbah's conquest of the Roman province of Mauretania Tingitana: It should be pointed out that although much scholarship on the life and conquests of ibn Nafi are available, most have not been translated from their original Arabic into English or French. Uqba ibn Nafi ʿUqbah ibn Nāfiʿ (, also referred to as Oqba ibn Nafi, Uqba bin Nafe, Uqba ibn al Nafia, or Akbah; 622–683) was an Arab general serving the Rashidun Caliphate"
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"Edgar M. Robinson Edgar Munroe Robinson (1867–1951) was Boys' Work Secretary of the International Committee of the YMCA and a long-time director and executive with the YMCA in New York. He is notable for his significant efforts in helping to establish the Boy Scouts of America (BSA). Edgar M. Robinson attended college in New Brunswick, Canada. There he first became associated with the YMCA serving as chairman of the Boys' Work Committee and later developing their first camping program. In 1898, he was hired as the Boys' Work Secretary by the Massachusetts-Rhode Island State Committee. While working for the YMCA in Massachusetts he attended the YMCA Training School, now Springfield College. Robinson was appointed the Boys' Work Secretary of the International Committee in 1900. According to one history, \"at the time, there were twenty Boys' Work Secretaries and 30,000 boys as members nationwide. Thirteen years later, there were 363 secretaries with over 120,000 youth in membership.\" Robinson developed camping programs, father and son programs, sex education programs, specialized work with employed boys and wartime programs.\" During the years 1908 and 1909, Scout troops were starting almost sponteneously in locations across the United States, before the BSA existed, but following the publication of \"Scouting for Boys\" by Sir Robert Baden-Powell. A handful of YMCA centers were hosting troops, so Edgar Robinson had an interest in helping the BSA get off the ground so that his organization and others would have American-based resources for troop leaders. In April 1910, Edgar Robinson persuaded William D. Boyce to appoint him managing director of the BSA for a limited time period, during which time Robinson secured a number of leading citizens to join together to form the Executive Board of the BSA. He then relinquished his role in BSA affairs, with the executive role eventually going to the newly recruited James E. West. Robinson was recognized for his work in establishing the BSA with the Silver Buffalo Award in 1926. Robinson remained \"the preeminent figure in YMCA boys' work until his retirement in 1927.\" In 2000 he was inducted into the YMCA Hall of Fame at Springfield College. Edgar M. Robinson Edgar Munroe Robinson (1867–1951) was Boys' Work Secretary of the International Committee of the YMCA and a long-time director and executive with the YMCA in New York. He is notable for his significant efforts in helping to establish the Boy Scouts of America (BSA)."
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"KUAM (AM) KUAM (630 AM) Isla 63 is a radio station broadcasting from the village of Dededo, in the United States territory of Guam. The station's format is Chamorro music and Talk radio. The station is owned by Pacific Telestations, LLC (a company of the local conglomerate Calvo Enterprises, Inc.) and was Guam's first radio station, having signed on the air on March 3, 1954. They are also the sister station to KUAM-TV, KUAM-LP and KUAM-FM. Long known as Isla61, KUAM changed its broadcast frequency from 612 kHz to 630 kHz in July 2007. This move enables most radios with digital tuners found locally (built for the Americas' ITU Region 2 interval of 10 kHz) to tune precisely to the station's frequency instead of being 2 kHz off (when tuned to 610 kHz). After Typhoon Pongsona hit Guam on December 8, 2002, Isla61 was off the air for more than one year. Programs such as the morning talk \"Positively Local\" and the TV news simulcast were instead carried by sister station KUAM-FM, the only Pacific Telestations radio outlet during that time. The KUAM-TV nightly newscast at 6 p.m. is simulcast on Isla63. KUAM (AM) KUAM (630 AM) Isla 63 is"
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"James Martin Bell James Martin Bell (October 16, 1796 – April 4, 1849) was a U.S. Representative from Ohio. Born in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, Bell attended the public schools. He studied law in Steubenville, Ohio. He was admitted to the bar in 1817 and commenced practice in Cambridge, Ohio. He served as major general of the Fifteenth Division, Ohio Militia. He served as prosecuting attorney of Guernsey County 1818–1832. He served as member of the State house of representatives 1826–1831, serving as speaker in 1830 and 1831. He served as master commissioner in 1827. He was in the Justice of the Peace in 1830. County school examiner in 1830. Bell was elected as an Anti-Jacksonian to the Twenty-third Congress (March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1835). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1834 to the Twenty-fourth Congress. He resumed the practice of law. He served as mayor of Cambridge from 1838 to 1840. He died in Cambridge, Ohio, on April 4, 1849. He was interred in Founders' Burial Ground. James Martin Bell James Martin Bell (October 16, 1796 – April 4, 1849) was a U.S. Representative from Ohio. Born in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, Bell attended the public schools."
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"Seven Star Grange, No. 73 The Seven Star Grange is a historic Grange hall at 696 Bangor Road in Troy, Maine. Built in 1876, it is one of the state's oldest Grange halls, and has been an important community and social event venue for the rural community since then. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011. The Seven Star Grange is located in central Troy, on the south side of Bangor Road (United States Route 202) near its junction with Rogers Road. It is a tall two story wood frame structure, with a gable roof, clapboard siding, and a granite foundation. The front facade has evenly-spaced windows on the second floor and attic level, and an irregular first floor, with sash windows flanking a double door on the left side, and a single-leaf door near the corner on the right. The building corners are pilastered, with entablatures running along the sides. The original part of the building is four bays deep, with a two-story addition extending to the rear. The interior's principal spaces are a meeting and dining hall on the ground floor, and an auditorium with stage on the second. The Seven Star Grange was organized in 1874, the second year in which the Patrons of Husbandry organized chapters in the state. The present building was constructed in 1876, and initially housed meeting facilities and a small cooperative store, then a fairly typical feature of Grange organizations. The stage addition was added in 1931, and at some point in the 20th century the space that housed the store was converted into kitchen for the downstairs dining space. Seven Star Grange, No. 73 The Seven Star Grange is a historic Grange hall at 696 Bangor Road in Troy, Maine. Built in 1876, it is one"
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"The Oregon Trail (1959 film) The Oregon Trail is a 1959 American western film directed by Gene Fowler Jr. and starring Fred MacMurray, William Bishop and Nina Shipman. The film's sets were designed by the art directors John B. Mansbridge and Lyle R. Wheeler. In the midst of the Oregon boundary dispute, James K. Polk is secretly sending military agents, disguised as pioneers, west on the Oregon Trail so that they may protect American settlers in the event of war with British North America. Rumors of this conspiracy reach James Gordon Bennett Sr. at the \"New York Herald\". He assigns one of his reporters, Neal Harris, to go on the Oregon Trail himself and find out the truth. On the trail, Harris befriends the eccentric Zachariah Garrison, who is bringing apple trees to Oregon. Harris clashes with Capt. George Wayne, the leader of Polk's agents, and they become involved in a love triangle over a young pioneer woman named Prudence Cooper. After they survive various hardships on the trail, Harris discovers who Wayne really is and declares that he will expose the military buildup in Oregon. Wayne tries to have Harris arrested, but he escapes. Upon arriving at Fort Laramie, Wayne discovers that their mission has become moot with the signing of the Oregon Treaty and the commencement of the Mexican–American War. Not realizing this, Harris goes with a mountain man named Gabe Hastings to hide with the Arapaho. It turns out that Hastings and the Arapaho are hostile to the pioneers, but Harris escapes with the help of Hastings' half-Arapaho daughter Shona. They warn Fort Laramie in time, and the film concludes with a climactic battle against the Arapaho. Fort Laramie is successfully defended, but Garrison is killed. Harris resigns from being a reporter, so that he may continue on to Oregon with Garrison's apple trees. Shona renounces her people and joins Harris. Prudence ends up with Wayne, who is now heading off to join the war against Mexico. The film was shot in May 1959. It was financed by Robert L. Lippert who made B films for Fox; \"The Oregon Trail\" was more expensive than most of his films, being budgeted at around $300,000. Lippert said the film \"won't lose\" but could \"have used another $100,000.\" GeneFowler had made a number of Westerns for Robert L. Lippert. He remembered \"The Oregon Trail\" as being \"a son of a bitch - Lippert really screwed that one up. He made a bet with Spyros Skouras that he could make a big outdoor Western without ever leaving the Fox lot and like an idiot I agreed to direct it.\" The \"Los Angeles Times\" called the film \"below standard\". The Oregon Trail (1959 film) The Oregon Trail is a 1959 American western film directed by Gene Fowler Jr. and starring Fred MacMurray, William Bishop and Nina Shipman. The film's sets were designed by the art directors John B. Mansbridge and Lyle R. Wheeler. In the midst of the Oregon boundary dispute, James"
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"Jamaican giant anole The Jamaican giant anole (\"Anolis garmani\" ), also known as the Jamaican crested anole, is a species of anole (), a lizard in the family Dactyloidae. The species is endemic to Jamaica, but has been introduced to Florida. The specific name, \"garmani\", is in honor of American herpetologist Samuel Garman. The Jamaican giant anole is native to Jamaica. It has been introduced into Florida. There are recent records from Grand Cayman, but it is unclear if it has become established there. The Jamaican giant anole is by far the largest species in the \"Norops\" group, with adult males having a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of and females . Adults are generally in total length, including tail, with a maximum reported total length of . Although generally green, it turns dark brown during the night. The male has an orange-centered yellow dewlap, which is small and dusky in the female. Jamaican giant anole The Jamaican giant anole (\"Anolis garmani\" ), also known as the Jamaican crested anole, is a species of anole (), a lizard in the family Dactyloidae. The species is endemic to Jamaica, but has been introduced to Florida. The specific name, \"garmani\", is in honor of"
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"Thirupaachi Thirupaachi is a 2005 Tamil-language action film written and directed by Perarasu. The film stars Vijay, Trisha and Mallika in the lead roles, with Livingston, Pasupathy, Benjamin, Kota Srinivasa Rao, Vaiyapuri and Manoj K. Jayan in other roles. Chaya Singh made a guest appearance in a song. The film featured score composed by Dhina, and a soundtrack jointly composed by Dhina, Devi Sri Prasad, and Mani Sharma. The story is about the upright lifestyle of Sivagiri and the affectionate bond he has with his sister. It was released on 14 January 2005. The film had a successful 200 days run and was a Blockbuster at the box office. Sivagiri (Vijay) is a bladesmith in a remote village near Thirupaachi. He has a lovable sister named Karpagam (Mallika). He runs into some hilarious incidents while searching locally for a groom for his sister. Sivagiri confides to his friend Kannapan (Benjamin) that he wants his sister to be in a good city after her marriage. Sivagiri also nods his acceptance when a city guy proposes to Karpagam. He accompanies the newlyweds to Chennai and finds a girl named Subha (Trisha) welcoming them, and they both fall in love after initial mishaps. On a trip to Chennai, Sivagiri rescues a court witness from Pattasu Balu (Pasupathy), a don dominating central Chennai. He also learns of a local don Pan Parag Ravi (Aryan), who controls North Chennai and troubles Karpagam's husband's canteen business. In an altercation in a cinema theater, Kannappan gets murdered by a thug Saniyan Sagadai (Kota Srinivasa Rao), who dominates South Chennai. Karpagam's husband told Sivagiri to leave Chennai if he wants his sister to be happy. After Kannapan's funeral, he leaves his hometown, stating that he got a job in a cloth manufacturing company. In reality, he comes with a mission in Chennai. Sivagiri warns Sagadai, stating that the latter will be killed by him. He also calls ACP Raj Guru (Manoj K. Jayan) and warns him that he will kill all the dons of Chennai, as the police department fails in their duty. Later on, Sivagiri's friend Veluchamy (Yugendran) who is a police inspector, comes to know about this. Sivagiri challenges Veluchamy that he will give up his mission if the latter keeps any one thug of Chennai in jail at least for a single day. Veluchamy fails in his mission and loses his son, as he was killed by Balu. This harsh lesson makes Veluchamy help Sivagiri. Thus, Veluchamy lists Sivagiri the entire mafia network of Chennai by providing the specification of who leads the various areas. Sivagiri writes their names in papers and randomly chooses Balu. He kills Balu, stating that he is not killing instead 'clearing'. One day, Subha meets Sivagiri in a temple and finds that he is not working in any cloth manufacturing company. Sivagiri manages to make Subha believe that he is working in a travels company. Thus, Subha gets a promise from Sivagiri that he should meet her and spend time with her frequently. Later on, Sivagiri provokes Ravi to kill his own brother (Sashikumar) by sticking funeral posters of Ravi and making him think that his brother is the person who is killing people all over Chennai. After the death of Ravi's brother, Ravi realizes his brother is not the one who stuck the funeral posters, so he hides himself in a politician's house to be away and safe from the hands of Sivagiri. The politician damages his car and house and makes the policebelieve that someone has attacked his house. The police decides to provide security for the politician. This makes Ravi feel happy, considering that Sivagiri can't come to his place by fooling all these inspectors and kill him. Veluchamy soon found out that Ravi is hiding in the politician's place. Sivagiri wants Veluchamy to disband the police protection, but Veluchamy refused because that is the police's responsibilities to protect. He can only inform Sivagiri, who has to kill Ravi. Later on, Sivagiri brings a group of people who rally due losing their money to a fraud financier who is hiding in the politician's place. With the rally, Sivagiri enters Ravi's fort and kills him. Raj inquires the people that involve in rally regarding identity of Sivagiri. However, nobody wants to tell anything because they think Sivagiri is doing the police's job while the police do nothing and wait for their salary. Raj's daughter (Meenal) is willing to die than reveal Sivagiri's identity because she was rescued by Sivagiri from Balu. Later on, Sivagiri decides to kill Sagadai, and warns him. This makes Sagadai seek the protection of a mass group of thugs from Chennai. Sivagiri uses this as a chance to destroy the entire mafia gang of Chennai. He ignites a war between the police group and mafia gang in a very diplomatic manner. Sivagiri disguises himself as a police inspector and enters Sagadai's fort. Veluchamy helps Sivagiri in his mission by hurting himself. Raj orders his squad to hit the thugs. Sivagiri enters the house in a police uniform, confronts a thug, and forces him to wear a police uniform. After that, Sivagiri shoots and kills the thug and throws him out of the window. Thinking that one of his fellow officers is dead, Raj orders for open fire. All the thugs were killed, but when they checked the dead 'police officer', they realize Sivagiri's trick and run upstairs to find him. However, Sivagiri already stabbed Sagadai and threw him to the ground right before the birth of a new year. Finally, Sivagiri surrenders to the police but releases after six months. Subha welcomes Sivagiri, Karpagam, and her husband once again after returning home. Sivagiri gives Subha the necklace that he is wearing, and they unite at the end. The film was announced in 2004. Director Perarasu earlier worked as an assistant director under Rama Narayanan and N. Maharajan. Vijay's words about Perarasu was: He is a talented person. He talks very less but he shows everything in his work. He acts before me, scene by scene, before the take is on. Trisha who earlier paired with Vijay in Ghilli was selected to play lead role after Jyothika turned down the Offer. Thirupaachi was Vijay's 40th film and fifth collaboration with Supergood Films. Actor Vikram's father Vinodraj was selected to play Vijay's father. Chaya Singh was roped in for item number. A song was picturised in a village near Karaikudi, where a lavish set was designed by art director M Prabhakar. It was of an Ayyanar temple with a 90-foot statue, surrounded by 200 mud horses. Costing about Rs 3 million, it had about 1,500 junior artistes taking part. It took a week to complete the song. The climax for the film was shot in Vasan House, Chennai. It had a huge crowd of junior artistes taking part each day of the two weeks it took to complete the scene. Other locations for shooting were Visakhapatnam, Arakkuveli, with a song shot in South Africa. \"Thirupaachi\" was sued by Godrej Sara Lee Ltd. for what they considered \"defamatory, prejudicial, offensive and slanderous\" use of the mosquito spray HIT, of which they are the trademark owners. Godrej eventually won the case, obtaining \"an order of permanent injunction and damages worth 500,000 from Super Good Films. In some home media, the HIT label on the spray bottle has been digitally covered. The soundtrack has seven songs, five songs were composed by Dhina, while Devi Sri Prasad (\"Kattu Kattu\") and Mani Sharma (\"Kannum Kannumthan\") had composed one song respectively. All the lyrics for the songs were penned by Perarasu. The satellite rights of the film were sold to Sun TV. The film was given a \"U/A\" certificate by the Indian Censor Board. Thirupachi was released on 14 January 2005 on the eve of Pongal with other releases like \"Ayyaa\", \"Iyer IPS\", \"Aayudham\" and \"Devathaiyai Kanden\". Tirupachi released with 207 prints. After the success of \"Thirupaachi\", A. M. Rathnam called Perarasu to make \"Sivakasi\" with Vijay re-uniting with him for second time. The film received positive reviews. Behindwoods wrote: \"Another",
"the HIT label on the spray bottle has been digitally covered. The soundtrack has seven songs, five songs were composed by Dhina, while Devi Sri Prasad (\"Kattu Kattu\") and Mani Sharma (\"Kannum Kannumthan\") had composed one song respectively. All the lyrics for the songs were penned by Perarasu. The satellite rights of the film were sold to Sun TV. The film was given a \"U/A\" certificate by the Indian Censor Board. Thirupachi was released on 14 January 2005 on the eve of Pongal with other releases like \"Ayyaa\", \"Iyer IPS\", \"Aayudham\" and \"Devathaiyai Kanden\". Tirupachi released with 207 prints. After the success of \"Thirupaachi\", A. M. Rathnam called Perarasu to make \"Sivakasi\" with Vijay re-uniting with him for second time. The film received positive reviews. Behindwoods wrote: \"Another tailor-made role for Vijay, Tiruppachi scores with its impressive screenplay. Although the story is the perennial tear-jerker of a brother's affection for his sister, the packaging will attract the audience\". Indiaglitz wrote: \"It is a film for Vijay's fans who love their star to dance with energy, fight with enthusiasm and love with mischief. He does all this in his usual style. Punchline dialogues, songs glorifying hero find their place in all throughout the movie\". While another critic wrote: \"Unlike usual masala movies that serve up sentiments and action alternately, Thiruppaachi makes a clean break between the two. Its first half, which is entirely setup, is devoted entirely to comedy and sentiments with not even a single stunt sequence. But once action rears its head after the intermission, there is no respite from it apart from the obligatory duets. It is one violent fight after the other until the final credits roll. It is to director Perarasu's credit that both halves maintain our interest in spite of the dedication to a particular aspect\". Sify wrote:\"Vijay has stuck to his regular formula - five songs, flying fights, crass comedy, punch line dialogues, dream songs in foreign locales and corny sentiments. So if you have seen earlier films of the superstar you may strive hard to find anything new in Tirupachi, which is old wine served in a new bottle, with a different label. The film released on the Pongal festival in Tamil Nadu alongside Ayya and with Dhanush starrer Devathayai Kanden. The film opened up to full houses with 80 percent occupancy from Chennai and other districts of the state. After taking a fantastic opening for the first week, the film took a slight fall in crowd for the second week. The film completed a 200-day theatrical in Tamil Nadu The movie was dubbed in Hindi as \"Insaaf Ki Talwar\". It was later remade in Telugu as \"Annavaram\" in the year 2006 with Pawan Kalyan and Asin in the lead roles, directed by Bhimaneni Srinivasa Rao. It was also remade in Kannada language as \"Thangigagi\" in the year 2006 with Darshan and Poonam Bajwa in the lead roles, directed by Sathya P. Thirupaachi Thirupaachi is a 2005 Tamil-language action film written and directed by Perarasu. The film stars Vijay, Trisha and Mallika in the lead roles, with Livingston, Pasupathy, Benjamin, Kota Srinivasa Rao, Vaiyapuri and Manoj K. Jayan in other roles. Chaya Singh made a guest appearance in a song. The film featured score composed by Dhina, and a soundtrack jointly composed by Dhina, Devi Sri Prasad, and Mani Sharma. The story is about the upright lifestyle of Sivagiri and the affectionate bond he has with his sister. It was released on"
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"Shri Viswa Vinayaka Mandir Rhenock Shri Viswa Vinayaka Mandir also called Ganesh Mandir is a Hindu temple of Ganesha. It is located in Rhenock Rungdung,East Sikkim, India. Sri Viswa Vinayaka Mandir was inaugurated by Shri Dinesh Chandra, General Secretary of Viswa Hindu Parishad accompanied by the Chief Minister Shri Pawan Chamling at a beautiful landscape of Rundung Village in Rhenock on 3 October 2016. This massive religious infrastructure of Hindu accords 51 faces of Lord Ganesha, with 12 feet each 16 of them placed at corridor towards temple’s main entrance. Adding excitement is another attraction is the masisve mythological Daemon vs Gods ‘Samudra Manthan’ statues. Shivling and statue of Hanuman is also present in Viswa Vinayak Temple. It was constructed on 3 October 2016. The four-storied temple stands 108 feet tall in a complex developed over a 2.56 acre plot. The mandir has been constructed on land where previously the Radha Krishna Mandir stood. Part of the land also belonged to a local resident, KB Adhikari. The temple will house 51 forms of Lord Ganesha, a first in the North East Region. While a lot of the construction material was imported from Thailand, expert artisans were brought in from Nepal and West Bengal for the construction. The main altar has a 12-foot tall statue of Lord Ganesha with 16 hands. It may be recalled that the Chief Minister had laid the foundation stone for the project on 20 April 2008 on the occasion of Hanuman Jayanti. The temple will house 51 forms of Lord Ganesha, a first in the North East Region. While a lot of the construction material was imported from Thailand, expert artisans were brought in from Nepal and West Bengal for the construction. The main altar has a 12-foot tall statue of Lord Ganesha with 16 hands.and very nice and beautiful statue of Samudra Mathan which is one of the best known episodes in Hindu mythology. The story appears in the Bhagavata Purana, the Mahabharata and the Vishnu Purana, and explains the origin of amrita, the drink of immortality. Shri Viswa Vinayaka Mandir Rhenock Shri Viswa Vinayaka Mandir also called Ganesh Mandir is a Hindu temple of Ganesha. It is located in Rhenock Rungdung,East Sikkim, India. Sri Viswa Vinayaka Mandir was inaugurated by Shri Dinesh Chandra, General Secretary of Viswa Hindu Parishad accompanied by the Chief Minister Shri Pawan Chamling at a beautiful landscape of Rundung Village"
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"Mount Bolt Mount Bolt () is a mountain (2,010 m) rising on the north side of Ebbe Glacier and 5 nautical miles (9 km) northwest of Peterson Bluff in the Anare Mountains, a major mountain range situated in the geographical location of Victoria Land, Antarctica. The mountain was first mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960–63. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Lieutenant Ronald L. Bolt, U.S. Navy, pilot of R4D aircraft in the support of the USGS Topo West survey of this area in the 1962–63 season; he also worked the previous austral summer season in Antarctica. The mountain lies situated on the Pennell Coast, a portion of Antarctica lying between Cape Williams and Cape Adare. Mount Bolt Mount Bolt () is a mountain (2,010 m) rising on the north side of Ebbe Glacier and 5 nautical miles (9 km) northwest of Peterson Bluff in the Anare Mountains, a major mountain range situated in the geographical location of Victoria Land, Antarctica. The mountain was first mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960–63. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic"
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"Blade server A blade server is a stripped-down server computer with a modular design optimized to minimize the use of physical space and energy. Blade servers have many components removed to save space, minimize power consumption and other considerations, while still having all the functional components to be considered a computer. In a \"standard\" server-rack configuration, one rack unit or 1U— wide and tall—defines the minimum possible size of any equipment. The principal benefit and justification of blade computing relates to lifting this restriction so as to reduce size requirements. The most common computer rack form-factor is 42U high, which limits the number of discrete computer devices directly mountable in a rack to 42 components. Blades do not have this limitation. , densities of up to 180 servers per blade system (or 1440 servers per rack) are achievable with blade systems. Enclosure (or chassis) performs many of the non-core computing services found in most computers. Non-blade systems typically use bulky, hot and space-inefficient components, and may duplicate these across many computers that may or may not perform at capacity. By locating these services in one place and sharing them among the blade computers, the overall utilization becomes higher. The specifics of which services are provided varies by vendor. Computers operate over a range of DC voltages, but utilities deliver power as AC, and at higher voltages than required within computers. Converting this current requires one or more power supply units (or PSUs). To ensure that the failure of one power source does not affect the operation of the computer, even entry-level servers may have redundant power supplies, again adding to the bulk and heat output of the design. The blade enclosure's power supply provides a single power source for all blades within the enclosure. This single power source may come as a power supply in the enclosure or as a dedicated separate PSU supplying DC to multiple enclosures. This setup reduces the number of PSUs required to provide a resilient power supply. The popularity of blade servers, and their own appetite for power, has led to an increase in the number of rack-mountable uninterruptible power supply (or UPS) units, including units targeted specifically towards blade servers (such as the BladeUPS). During operation, electrical and mechanical components produce heat, which a system must dissipate to ensure the proper functioning of its components. Most blade enclosures, like most computing systems, remove heat by using fans. A frequently underestimated problem when designing high-performance computer systems involves the conflict between the amount of heat a system generates and the ability of its fans to remove the heat. The blade's shared power and cooling means that it does not generate as much heat as traditional servers. blade-enclosures feature variable-speed fans and control logic, or even liquid cooling systems that adjust to meet the system's cooling requirements. At the same time, the increased density of blade-server configurations can still result in higher overall demands for cooling with racks populated at over 50% full. This is especially true with early-generation blades. In absolute terms, a fully populated rack of blade servers is likely to require more cooling capacity than a fully populated rack of standard 1U servers. This is because one can fit up to 128 blade servers in the same rack that will only hold 42 1U rack mount servers. Blade servers generally include integrated or optional network interface controllers for Ethernet or host adapters for Fibre Channel storage systems or converged network adapter to combine storage and data via one Fibre Channel over Ethernet interface. In many blades at least one interface is embedded on the motherboard and extra interfaces can be added using mezzanine cards. A blade enclosure can provide individual external ports to which each network interface on a blade will connect. Alternatively, a blade enclosure can aggregate network interfaces into interconnect devices (such as switches) built into the blade enclosure or in networking blades. While computers typically use hard disks to store operating systems, applications and data, these are not necessarily required locally. Many storage connection methods (e.g. FireWire, SATA, E-SATA, SCSI, SAS DAS, FC and iSCSI) are readily moved outside the server, though not all are used in enterprise-level installations. Implementing these connection interfaces within the computer presents similar challenges to the networking interfaces (indeed iSCSI runs over the network interface), and similarly these can be removed from the blade and presented individually or aggregated either on the chassis or through other blades. The ability to boot the blade from a storage area network (SAN) allows for an entirely disk-free blade, an example of which implementation is the Intel Modular Server System. Since blade enclosures provide a standard method for delivering basic services to computer devices, other types of devices can also utilize blade enclosures. Blades providing switching, routing, storage, SAN and fibre-channel access can slot into the enclosure to provide these services to all members of the enclosure. Systems administrators can use storage blades where a requirement exists for additional local storage. Blade servers function well for specific purposes such as web hosting, virtualization, and cluster computing. Individual blades are typically hot-swappable. As users deal with larger and more diverse workloads, they add more processing power, memory and I/O bandwidth to blade servers. Although blade server technology in theory allows for open, cross-vendor system, most users buy modules, enclosures, racks and management tools from the same vendor. Eventual standardization of the technology might result in more choices for consumers; increasing numbers of third-party software vendors have started to enter this growing field. Blade servers do not, however, provide the answer to every computing problem. One can view them as a form of productized server-farm that borrows from mainframe packaging, cooling, and power-supply technology. Very large computing tasks may still require server farms of blade servers, and because of blade servers' high power density, can suffer even more acutely from the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning problems that affect large conventional server farms. Developers first placed complete microcomputers on cards and packaged them in standard 19-inch racks in the 1970s, soon after the introduction of 8-bit microprocessors. This architecture was used in the industrial process control industry as an alternative to minicomputer-based control systems. Early models stored programs in EPROM and were limited to a single function with a small real-time executive. The VMEbus architecture (ca. 1981) defined a computer interface which included implementation of a board-level computer installed in a chassis backplane with multiple slots for pluggable boards to provide I/O, memory, or additional computing. In the 1990s, the PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group PICMG developed a chassis/blade structure for the then emerging Peripheral Component Interconnect bus PCI which is called CompactPCI. Common among these chassis-based computers was the fact that the entire chassis was a single system. While a chassis might include multiple computing elements to provide the desired level of performance and redundancy, there was always one master board in charge, coordinating the operation of the entire system. PICMG expanded the CompactPCI specification with the use of standard Ethernet connectivity between boards across the backplane. The PICMG 2.16 CompactPCI Packet Switching Backplane specification was adopted in Sept 2001. This provided the first open architecture for a multi-server chassis. PICMG followed with the larger and more",
"Manufacturers Group PICMG developed a chassis/blade structure for the then emerging Peripheral Component Interconnect bus PCI which is called CompactPCI. Common among these chassis-based computers was the fact that the entire chassis was a single system. While a chassis might include multiple computing elements to provide the desired level of performance and redundancy, there was always one master board in charge, coordinating the operation of the entire system. PICMG expanded the CompactPCI specification with the use of standard Ethernet connectivity between boards across the backplane. The PICMG 2.16 CompactPCI Packet Switching Backplane specification was adopted in Sept 2001. This provided the first open architecture for a multi-server chassis. PICMG followed with the larger and more feature-rich AdvancedTCA specification, targeting the telecom industry's need for a high availability and dense computing platform with extended product life (10+ years). While AdvancedTCA system and boards typically sell for higher prices than blade servers, AdvancedTCA promote them for telecommunications customers. The first commercialized blade server architecture was invented by Christopher Hipp and David Kirkeby, and their patent () was assigned to Houston-based RLX Technologies. RLX, which consisted primarily of former Compaq Computer Corporation employees, including Hipp and Kirkeby, shipped its first commercial blade server in 2001. RLX was acquired by Hewlett Packard in 2005. The name \"blade server\" appeared when a card included the processor, memory, I/O and non-volatile program storage (flash memory or small hard disk(s)). This allowed manufacturers to package a complete server, with its operating system and applications, on a single card / board / blade. These blades could then operate independently within a common chassis, doing the work of multiple separate server boxes more efficiently. In addition to the most obvious benefit of this packaging (less space consumption), additional efficiency benefits have become clear in power, cooling, management, and networking due to the pooling or sharing of common infrastructure to support the entire chassis, rather than providing each of these on a per server box basis. In 2011, research firm IDC identified the major players in the blade market as HP, IBM, Cisco, and Dell. Other companies selling blade servers include AVADirect, Oracle, Egenera, Supermicro, Hitachi, Fujitsu, Rackable (hybrid blade), Cirrascale and Intel Corporation. Though independent professional computer manufacturers such as Supermicro offer blade servers, the market is dominated by large public companies such as Cisco Systems, which had 40% share by revenue in Americas in the first quarter of 2014. The remaining prominent brands in the blade server market are HPE, Dell and IBM, though the latter sold its x86 business to Lenovo in 2014. In 2009, Cisco announced blades in its Unified Computing System product line, consisting of 6U high chassis, up to 8 blade servers in each chassis. It has a heavily modified Nexus 5K switch, rebranded as a fabric interconnect, and management software for the whole system. HP's line consists of two chassis models, the c3000 which holds up to 8 half-height ProLiant line blades (also available in tower form), and the c7000 (10U) which holds up to 16 half-height ProLiant blades. Dell's product, the M1000e is a 10U modular enclosure and holds up to 16 half-height PowerEdge blade servers or 32 quarter-height blades. Blade server A blade server is a stripped-down server computer with a modular design optimized to minimize the use of physical space and energy. Blade servers have many components removed to save space, minimize power consumption and other considerations, while still having all the functional components to be considered a computer. In a \"standard\" server-rack configuration, one rack unit or 1U— wide and tall—defines the minimum possible size of any equipment. The principal benefit and justification of blade computing relates"
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"Willard Miller Willard Dwight Miller (June 5, 1877 – February 19, 1959) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of America's highest military decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in the Spanish–American War. Willard Miller was born in Maitland, Nova Scotia on June 5, 1877. He enlisted in the U.S. Navy from the state of Massachusetts and served during the Spanish–American War as a crew member of the gunboat . On May 11, 1898 he took part in a small boat operation that cut the underwater telegraph cable off Cienfuegos, Cuba, and received the Medal of Honor for his conduct during the action (the Battle of Cienfuegos). Miller's younger brother, Harry Herbert Miller, was also awarded the Medal of Honor for the same action, making the two men one of only eight pairs of brothers to be awarded the medal. Miller left the Navy in 1906 and later served in the U.S. Lighthouse Service. He died on February 19, 1959 at age 81 and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington County, Virginia. His grave can be found in Section 46, Lot 15. Seaman Miller's official Medal of Honor citation reads: On board the U.S.S. \"Nashville\" during the operation of cutting the cable leading from Cienfuegos, Cuba, May 11, 1898. Facing the heavy fire of the enemy, Miller displayed extraordinary bravery and coolness throughout this action. Willard Miller Willard Dwight Miller (June 5, 1877 – February 19, 1959) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of America's highest military decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in the Spanish–American War. Willard Miller was born in Maitland, Nova Scotia on June 5, 1877. He enlisted in the U.S. Navy from the state of Massachusetts and served during the Spanish–American War as a crew member of the gunboat ."
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"St. Mary's Episcopal Church (Washington, D.C.) St. Mary's Episcopal Church, also known as St. Mary's, Foggy Bottom or St. Mary's Chapel, is a historic Episcopal church located at 730 23rd Street, N.W. in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood of Washington, D.C.. On April 2, 1973, St. Mary's Episcopal Church was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Saint Mary's was founded in 1867 by former members of The Church of the Epiphany, located in Downtown, Washington, D.C.. St. Mary's was the city's first African American Episcopal congregation. The congregation originally met in a Civil War barracks building known as St. Mary's Chapel for Colored People with the first Morning Prayer service held on June 9, 1867. Designed by architects Renwick, Aspinwall & Russell in 1887, the building is an example of Gothic Revival architecture. Decorative features include a timber roof and Tiffany glass windows. St. Mary's Episcopal Church (Washington, D.C.) St. Mary's Episcopal Church, also known as St. Mary's, Foggy Bottom or St. Mary's Chapel, is a historic Episcopal church located at 730 23rd Street, N.W. in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood of Washington, D.C.. On April 2, 1973, St. Mary's Episcopal Church was added to the National Register of Historic"
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"46610 Bésixdouze 46610 Bésixdouze (), provisional designation , is a bright background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 2 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 15 October 1993, by Japanese amateur astronomers Kin Endate and Kazuro Watanabe at the Kitami Observatory in eastern Hokkaidō, Japan. The asteroid was named after \"B-612\", home of \"The Little Prince\". \"Bésixdouze\" is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.9–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 5 months (1,249 days; semi-major axis of 2.27 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid was first identified as at Crimea–Nauchnij in a single image taken in September 1986. According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, \"Bésixdouze\" measures 2.064 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.262, which is indicative for a stony composition. As of 2018, no rotational lightcurve of \"Bésixdouze\" has been obtained from photometric observations. The body's rotation period, poles and shape remain unknown. The name was suggested by F. Hemery and Jiří Grygar as a reference to the French novella \"The Little Prince\". The title character lived on an asteroid named B-612, which is the number 46610 written in hexadecimal notation. Bésixdouze (; \"B-six-twelve\") is one way to pronounce B-612 in French. Like the asteroid in \"The Little Prince\", \"Bésixdouze\" was first observed in a single night, several years before its official discovery. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 November 2002 (). It says: \"The decimal number 46610 translates to the hexadecimal B612, the designation of the fictitious minor planet in de St. Exupéry's 1943 novel Le Petit Prince. B612 was allegedly spotted on a single night in 1909 and reported at a meeting in 1920. The name was suggested independently by F. Hémery and J. Grygar.\" 46610 Bésixdouze 46610 Bésixdouze (), provisional designation , is a bright background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 2 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 15 October 1993, by Japanese amateur astronomers Kin Endate and Kazuro Watanabe at the Kitami Observatory in eastern Hokkaidō, Japan. The asteroid was named after \"B-612\", home of \"The Little Prince\". \"Bésixdouze\" is a non-family asteroid"
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"Maziar Behrooz Maziar Behrooz (; born in Tehran, Iran in 1959), is an historian of modern Iran who lives in Berkeley, California. He was born to Jahangir (Changiz) Behrouz, a journalist, and Sara Khosrovi-Azarbaijani, a home maker. He received his high school diploma from the UK and moved to the US receiving his B.A degree in History-Political Science from Saint Mary College of California (1982), his M.A. in Modern History of Europe from San Francisco State University (1986), and his PH.D. in Modern History of the Near East from University of California, Los Angeles (1993). He has taught at a number of universities and colleges including UC Berkeley, Saint Mary's College of California, Stanford University, Bridgewater State College and is currently an associate professor at the History Department of San Francisco State University where he teaches various courses concerning the modern history of the Middle East. He has authored numerous articles and book chapters on Iran and is the author of two books on the history of the left movement in Iran. His first book is \"Rebels with a Cause\" (1999). According to WorldCat, the book is held in 249 libraries and has been translated into Persian (2001) and Turkish (2006). His second book is \"Perspectives on the History of Rebels with a Cause in Iran\" (2006) which is a collection of articles and interviews on the left movement in Iran, translated and published in Iran and in Persian. His current research project is about late 18th century-early 19th century encounters between Iran and the Western world. Maziar Behrooz Maziar Behrooz (; born in Tehran, Iran in 1959), is an historian of modern Iran who lives in Berkeley, California. He was born to Jahangir (Changiz) Behrouz, a journalist, and Sara Khosrovi-Azarbaijani, a home maker. He received his high school diploma"
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"Cross Timbers, Missouri Cross Timbers is a city in Hickory County, Missouri, United States. The population was 216 at the 2010 census. A post office called Cross Timbers has been in operation since 1847. The community was named for a strip of trees (colloquially a \"cross timber\") near the original town site. The town was platted in 1871. Cross Timbers is located at (38.024401, -93.228072). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2010, there were 216 people, 93 households, and 50 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 116 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 99.5% White and 0.5% from two or more races. There were 93 households of which 25.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.6% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 8.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.2% were non-families. 37.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 3.24. The median age in the city was 44.7 years. 25% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.5% were from 25 to 44; 31.9% were from 45 to 64; and 17.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.1% male and 51.9% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 185 people, 90 households, and 45 families residing in the city. The population density was 411.1 people per square mile (158.7/km²). There were 114 housing units at an average density of 253.4 per square mile (97.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 99.46% White, and 0.54% from two or more races. There were 90 households out of which 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.8% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.0% were non-families. 48.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 32.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.06 and the average family size was 3.04. In the city the population was spread out with 26.5% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 21.6% from 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 to 64, and 25.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.8 males. The median income for a household in the city was $12,917, and the median income for a family was $20,000. Males had a median income of $26,607 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $10,413. About 50.0% of families and 42.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 60.0% of those under the age of eighteen and 15.9% of those sixty five or over. Cross Timbers, Missouri Cross Timbers is a city in Hickory County, Missouri, United States. The population was 216 at the 2010 census. A post office called Cross Timbers has been in operation since 1847. The community was named for a strip of trees (colloquially a \"cross timber\") near the original town site. The town was platted"
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"Fredrikstad FK Fredrikstad Fotballklubb (also known as Fredrikstad or FFK) is a Norwegian football club from the town of Fredrikstad. With nine league championships and eleven Norwegian Cup wins, FFK is one of the most successful clubs in Norwegian football. The club was founded in 1903. After suffering relegation from the then 1. divisjon in 1984, Fredrikstad spent 18 years outside the top flight, before returning to the top division in 2003 after two successive promotions. Fredrikstad stadion was FFK's home ground between 1914 and 2006. However, its facilities were outdated and the club moved to a new stadium on the other side of river Glomma. Their new ground is located in a former shipyard, incorporating parts of the old buildings in the two sidestands. FFK draw great support from their area and the official supporter club's name is Plankehaugen. More than 100 coaches filled with fans followed FFK to the cup final of 2006. The club's supporters includes an Ultras section, Supras Fredrikstad. The club had for some years a casuals mob, Brigade Rød-Hvit (Brigade Red - White) which was active in the hooligan scene in Norway. Fredrikstad Fotballklubb was founded on 7 April 1903. While football in many older clubs was an addition to other established forms of sport, such as skiing or athletics, FFK was the first club in Norway to focus uniquely on playing football, and as such may be labelled the first true football club in the country. A lack of opposition meant this was in fact the third attempt at establishing a football club in Fredrikstad (tradition has it that the second attempt died out when the only football landed on a freight train bound for Moss). Finding someone in the vicinity to play against was still a problem when FFK was founded. It so happened that the Englishman H. W. Kenworthy, who lived in the neighboring town of Sarpsborg, wanted to practise his native country's sport and travelled to Fredrikstad to take part in one of FFK's training sessions. Upon his return to Sarpsborg it was suggested that he arrange for a new club to be established. The idea was well received in Sarpsborg, and Sarpsborg F.C. was founded on 8 May 1903. The first match between the teams was played the following year in Sarpsborg in front of 600 spectators. FFK won the historical match 4–0. Sarpsborg and Fredrikstad went on to establish the first regional series, and inspired the founding of many new clubs in the region in the years to come. FFK didn't have the red and white colours when the club was founded in 1903. In fact, they changed suits seven times from 1903 to 1927, when they finally found the one they are using now. FFK reached the Norwegian Cup final for the first time in 1932. The semifinal against Mjøndalen was played at home in front of a record 9,000 spectators, and FFK won the match 3–0. Fredrikstad met Ørn Horten in the final, winning 6–1, and were thus Norwegian Champions. This signalled the start of Fredrikstad's first successful era, in which the club claimed four more cup titles before the start of World War II. FFK became the first club to win the new nationwide league, in 1937–38, and they won The Double the following season. In the 1930s, the club also had an active bandy department. During the German occupation no organised football took place, as a result of all athletes going on strike in support of the resistance. After the war football was more popular than ever, and Fredrikstad set another attendance record against Sarpsborg in the semifinal of the 1945 Norwegian Cup. There was, however, little success on the pitch. FFK reached three cup finals in four years, but lost all of them. The break came in 1949, when FFK won their third league title. The 1950s and 1960s were highly successful years for FFK. The club secured the league title six times – back to back in 1950–51 and 1951–52 – and finished in second place seven times. The Norwegian Cup was won four times. In 1957, a new milestone was achieved when FFK won their second double. As league champions in 1960, Fredrikstad entered the European Cup as the first team from Norway, sensationally defeating Ajax 4–3 at home and drawing 0–0 in Amsterdam, in the first round. The town of Fredrikstad was in many ways an economic powerhouse in Norway in the previous century, first as a major supplier of machinery to the timber industry and then as a center of shipbuilding activities. At one point the shipyard in Fredrikstad was the largest in Scandinavia. It has been said that there was always an air of optimism surrounding the town and its inhabitants, and it was certainly reflected in FFK's playful and relaxed style of football, by many regarded as the most entertaining in the country. The club's first cup triumph in '32 even made Jørgen Juve, a legend in Norwegian football, state: Perhaps it was because of this relaxed atmosphere that the club was so successful, and also why it eventually fell into decline. After years of glory the club was becoming conservative, although they would not admit it themselves. Other clubs were increasingly turning to professionalism, while players from FFK still played football in addition to having normal jobs. Training regimes were becoming more rigorous than before, but in Fredrikstad they felt that training more than twice a week would ruin the joy of playing football. There is also the sentiment that, in light of the club's formidable history, newer generations of FFK-players were given too much responsibility, folding to the pressure again and again whenever things were starting to look brighter. Fredrikstad was to struggle throughout the 1970s. They reached the cup final in 1971, but lost to Rosenborg, who were by now firmly en route to becoming a giant in Norwegian football. Two years later and for the first time in the club's history, FFK were relegated. In 1975, they were back in the highest division, where they stayed for two seasons before facing relegation yet again. The elevator ride between divisions continued until 1984. The Norwegian Cup went to Fredrikstad that year, but it must have been a bittersweet success. The club was once again relegated, and this time they were unable to make it back to the top flight. In 1992, FFK were relegated to the third highest division, where they would languish until 2002. Fredrikstad's comeback from obscurity is largely attributed to manager Knut Torbjørn Eggen, who introduced a degree of professionalism the club had previously lacked. During his tenure, from 2001 until the end of 2006, the son of Rosenborg's successful former coach led the team to their first title in more than two decades. In 2002, they were promoted from the 2. divisjon to the 1. divisjon, and in 2003, their centenary year, Fredrikstad finished second, earning promotion to the top division. Although struggling to maintain their form through an entire season, Fredrikstad have managed to retain their spot three times, and in 2006 they won the Norwegian Cup for the eleventh time in their history. They came 2nd and won silver in the 2008 season, but relegated after a poor season in 2009 to 1. divisjon. They eventually got promoted back to Tippeligaen through playoffs in November 2010 by first beating Løv-Ham 2–0, then Hønefoss BK with a stunning 8–1 goal difference over two matches. On 13 December 2011 the offices of the club were raided by Norwegian police in connection with the Raio Piiroja contract investigations In the early years of the club, Fredrikstad changed attire quite frequently. The first kit, for example, consisted of blue and white striped shirts and black shorts, but was changed after only two years, to white shirts and blue shorts. In 1910, a green and white kit was adopted ahead of the club's first semifinal in the Norwegian Cup. The seventh and final iteration of Fredrikstad's kit was introduced after a match between Norway and Poland at Fredrikstad stadion, on 7 October 1926. Fredrikstad wanted to use the colours of the",
"playoffs in November 2010 by first beating Løv-Ham 2–0, then Hønefoss BK with a stunning 8–1 goal difference over two matches. On 13 December 2011 the offices of the club were raided by Norwegian police in connection with the Raio Piiroja contract investigations In the early years of the club, Fredrikstad changed attire quite frequently. The first kit, for example, consisted of blue and white striped shirts and black shorts, but was changed after only two years, to white shirts and blue shorts. In 1910, a green and white kit was adopted ahead of the club's first semifinal in the Norwegian Cup. The seventh and final iteration of Fredrikstad's kit was introduced after a match between Norway and Poland at Fredrikstad stadion, on 7 October 1926. Fredrikstad wanted to use the colours of the Polish national team and a letter was sent to the Polish Football Association asking for permission to use the Polish colours. Fredrikstad received the following answer: The Polish association gave their kit to the club and on 17 March 1927, it was officially decided that this should be the colours of Fredrikstad. Since then the kit has changed little in appearance apart from the socks, which went from being red and white to purely white in 1997. FFK's badge, a streamer with a football and the initials F.F. (the original abbreviation for Fredrikstad Fotballklubb was F.F.), has remained virtually unchanged since its introduction in 1909. The streamer was initially green and white, but once Fredrikstad adopted their current white and red kit, the colours of the streamer changed as well. The old Fredrikstad stadion was inaugurated in 1914 and was the first stadium in Norway with flood lighting. FFK's record attendance was set in 1956 against Larvik Turn. 15,534 spectators showed up for this quarter final match of the Norwegian Cup. The stadium's last renovation occurred ahead of the 2004 season, putting the capacity at around 10,500. A new home ground was built for the 2007 season at Fredrikstad Mekaniske Verksted (colloquially known as \"Værste\"), an old shipyard in the centre of Fredrikstad. This was once the largest shipyard in Scandinavia, and the architecture of the stadium is such that two of the now defunct mechanical workshops, dating from as far back as 1870, are converted into stands at the sides. In addition, two separate stands are built at the ends of the pitch. The new stadium (with the same name, Fredrikstad stadion) have an all-seater capacity of 12,550. Dagfinn Enerly's jersey number 8 is retired. 8 – Dagfinn Enerly, Winger (2004–05) Fredrikstad FK Fredrikstad Fotballklubb (also known as Fredrikstad or FFK) is a Norwegian football club from the town of Fredrikstad. With nine league championships and eleven Norwegian Cup wins, FFK is one of the most successful clubs in Norwegian football. The club was founded in 1903. After suffering relegation from"
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"United Campaign Against Plastic Bullets United Campaign Against Plastic Bullets is an organisation based in Belfast, Northern Ireland that opposes the use of plastic bullets by the British army and the Northern Ireland police. Following the death of John Downes, killed by a plastic bullet fired by members of the Royal Ulster Constabulary in August 1984, the campaign was founded by Clara Reilly and Emma Groves (1920–2007), a mother of 11 children who was struck by a rubber bullet in the face in 1971 and blinded by it. After John Downes, two more youths were killed by plastic bullets: Keith White, a 22-year-old from Portadown, in 1986 and Seamus Duffy, aged 15, from Belfast, in 1989. In March 2005, the Northern Ireland Policing Board agreed to substitute the last variant of the plastic bullet, the L21, for the less-lethal Attenuated Energy Projectile (AEP). The deployment of the AEP is monitored by the Northern Ireland Police Ombudsman. United Campaign Against Plastic Bullets United Campaign Against Plastic Bullets is an organisation based in Belfast, Northern Ireland that opposes the use of plastic bullets by the British army and the Northern Ireland police. Following the death of John Downes, killed by a plastic"
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"Vasko Kalezić Vasko Kalezić (born 14 March 1994), is a Montenegro football Midfielder who plays for OFK Titograd. After success in qualifying for the Europa League with Mladost Podgorica, Kalezić joined Norwegian 1.Division club Hønefoss in winter 2014, signing a two-year-contract. In March 2015 he was loaned to fellow leaguer Bærum until August 2015. After Baerum SK, Kalezić returned to Hønefoss, before transferring to Moldova Divizia Nationala club, Dacia Chișinău in 23 January 2016. After spell with the Cypriot side Anagennisi Deryneia, Kalezić returned to Montenegro, signing with Zeta. On 29 August 2017, Vasko signed a two-year-deal with the Serbian club Vojvodina. Vasko Kalezić Vasko Kalezić (born 14 March 1994), is a Montenegro football Midfielder who plays for OFK Titograd. After success in qualifying for the Europa League with Mladost Podgorica, Kalezić joined Norwegian 1.Division club Hønefoss in winter 2014, signing a two-year-contract. In March 2015 he was loaned to fellow leaguer Bærum until August 2015. After Baerum SK, Kalezić returned to Hønefoss, before transferring to Moldova Divizia Nationala club, Dacia Chișinău in 23 January 2016. After spell with the Cypriot side Anagennisi Deryneia, Kalezić returned to Montenegro, signing with Zeta. On 29 August 2017, Vasko signed a two-year-deal with"
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"Håvard Jørgensen Håvard Jørgensen, also known as Haavard, Lemarchand, is a songwriter, guitarist and vocalist who has contributed in several bands and musical projects since the early 1990s, including Satyricon, Ulver, Snøhvitt and the genres span from black metal to pop-rock. One of the initiators of the band Eczema (which later on became Satyricon) which started up in 1991. Eczema won (as the first death metal-act) the Oslo Championship of Rock in 1992 – and changed thereafter the name to Satyricon. Jørgensen participated on the first demo \"The Forest Is My Throne\", but quit the band to join the newly founded Ulver in 1993. Jørgensen was with Ulver from 1993 to 2000, and later as a session-guitarist. Vocalist, guitarist and songwriter in Snøhvitt Håvard Jørgensen Håvard Jørgensen, also known as Haavard, Lemarchand, is a songwriter, guitarist and vocalist who has contributed in several bands and musical projects since the early 1990s, including Satyricon, Ulver, Snøhvitt and the genres span from black metal to pop-rock. One of the initiators of the band Eczema (which later on became Satyricon) which started up in 1991. Eczema won (as the first death metal-act) the Oslo Championship of Rock in 1992 – and changed thereafter"
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"Emanuel Araújo Emanuel Araújo or Emanuel Oliveira de Araújo (December 24, 1942 in Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil – July 15, 2000 in Brasília, Brazil), was a Brazilian educator. Araújo became fluent in many modern languages and also in some classic languages such as Ancient Greek, Latin, Hebrew and Old Egyptian. This greatly influenced his work as a history professor at the Universidade Federal da Bahia and also at the Universidade de Brasília where he obtained his doctorate degree. One of Araújo's main works is the book \"A construção do livro - Princípios da técnica de editoração\" (Rio de Janeiro, Editora Nova Fronteira, 1986). This publication was prefaced by Antônio Houaiss, a member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters, the head editor of the Dicionário Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa, one of the major reference dictionaries for the Portuguese language. Emanuel Araújo Emanuel Araújo or Emanuel Oliveira de Araújo (December 24, 1942 in Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil – July 15, 2000 in Brasília, Brazil), was a Brazilian educator. Araújo became fluent in many modern languages and also in some classic languages such as Ancient Greek, Latin, Hebrew and Old Egyptian. This greatly influenced his work as a history professor at the Universidade Federal da"
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"Nepenthes ramos Nepenthes ramos is a tropical pitcher plant native to northeastern Mindanao, the Philippines. It is known from only a handful of herbarium specimens collected in 1919 at an elevation of 670 m above sea level. It likely grows in forest on ultramafic soils. \"Nepenthes ramos\" belongs to the informal \"\"N. alata\" group\", which also includes \"N. alata\", \"N. ceciliae\", \"N. copelandii\", \"N. extincta\", \"N. graciliflora\", \"N. hamiguitanensis\", \"N. kitanglad\", \"N. kurata\", \"N. leyte\", \"N. mindanaoensis\", \"N. negros\", \"N. saranganiensis\", and \"N. ultra\". These species are united by a number of morphological characters, including winged petioles, lids with basal ridges on the lower surface (often elaborated into appendages), and upper pitchers that are usually broadest near the base. The specific epithet \"ramos\" honours Philippine botanical collector Maximo Ramos, who collected the type material with J. Pascasio. Plants matching the description of \"N. ramos\" have been observed in the Mindanao provinces of Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, and Surigao, and on an \"isolated mountain\" on an undisclosed island around 120 km from the type locality. These discoveries suggest that \"N. ramos\" might be the most common member of the \"\"N. alata\" group\" on the island of Mindanao. \"Nepenthes kurata\" was described in 2013 as a species known only from Mount Malindang in Misamis Occidental Province, Mindanao, where it was recorded at 1400 m altitude. This would make it one of the most westerly known \"Nepenthes\" species in Mindanao. In 1995 Nepenthes mirabilis was found near Polanco, further to the west. This taxon was previously described as a variety of \"N. alata\"—\"N. alata\" var. \"ecristata\"—in John Muirhead Macfarlane's 1908 monograph, \"Nepenthaceae\". The specific epithet \"kurata\" honours botanist Shigeo Kurata, best known for his 1976 book, \"Nepenthes of Mount Kinabalu\". \"Nepenthes kurata\" was formally synonymised with \"N. ramos\" in 2016. Nepenthes ramos Nepenthes ramos"
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"Stepove, Mykolaiv Raion Stepove () is a village in Mykolaiv Raion, Mykolaiv Oblast in southern Ukraine. Its population was 1869 in the 2001 Ukrainian Census. Along with another village of Zelenyi Hai, it forms a rural community \"Stepivska Silska Rada\". The village was first founded as Karlsruhe (after Karlsruhe) in 1809 by Catholic Germans. The settlement was part of the Beresan Colonial District of Odessa region, Kherson Governorate. In 1886 the population of the German colony of Karlsruhe was 2,132 people; in which time it was part the Landau parish, Odesa district, Kherson Governorate. There were 190 farmsteads, a Roman Catholic church, a school, 2 benches and a Renna cellar. From 1881-1885, according to the project of the architect Corfu, the Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul was built. In the years 1925-1939, the Karlsruhe colony was part of Karl-Liebknechtovsky's German National District of Mykolaiv region (from Odess'ka oblast since 1932). Today, the ruins of the 19th-century Catholic church still remain. Stepove, Mykolaiv Raion Stepove () is a village in Mykolaiv Raion, Mykolaiv Oblast in southern Ukraine. Its population was 1869 in the 2001 Ukrainian Census. Along with another village of Zelenyi Hai, it forms a rural community \"Stepivska"
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"John Martin Robinson John Martin Robinson FSA (born 1948) is a British architectural historian and officer of arms. He was born in Preston, Lancashire, and educated at Fort Augustus Abbey, a Benedictine school in Scotland, the University of St Andrews (graduating MA and awarded D.LITT in 2002) and then in 1970 arrived at Oriel College, Oxford, to prepare for a DPhil. The doctoral degree was awarded in 1974 for work on the architect Samuel Wyatt. He worked for the Greater London Council Historic Buildings Division from 1974 to 1986, where he worked inter alia as architectural editor of the Survey of London, and Historic Buildings Inspector for Westminster, and also revised the Statutory Lists of Historic Buildings for 2 east London boroughs. As an independent consultant since 1988 he has advised on the restoration of numerous country houses, churches and other listed buildings. His contribution to the Conservation Plan for 7 Dials and Covent Garden in London won the 1998 Camden Environmental Award. He also wrote the Conservation Plan for the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, in association with Rick Mather Architects. He has been an Architectural Writer for \"Country Life\" for over 40 years contributing nearly 400 articles and reviews. As chairman of the Art and Architecture Committee of Westminster Cathedral he has overseen the completion of the mosaics in St George's and St Joseph's chapels, the Vaughan Chantrey and several individual panels. Robinson was Fitzalan Pursuivant Extraordinary at the College of Arms from 1982 and is now Maltravers Herald Extraordinary. In 1978 he was appointed Librarian to the Duke of Norfolk Earl Marshal. Robinson is also a Knight of Magistral Grace of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. He lives at Beckside House, Cumbria, and is an active member of the Georgian Group of which he was a trustee and vice-chairman for 20 years, acquiring their HQ Adam townhouse in Fitzroy Square, setting up the Casework committee, and instituting the Young Georgians, and founding and presiding over the Annual conservation Awards for 10 years from 2003 to 2013. He served on the North West Regional Committee of the National Trust for 10 Years and is Heraldic Adviser to the National Trust. He was a trustee of the Lakeland Arts Trust for 25 years, and served on the Council of the Society of Antiquaries, the council of the National Records Association, and is a trustee of Arundel Castle, Burghley House and Wilton House. He was a founder member of the Friends of Christ Church Spitalfields and helped establish the music Festival there. His scholarly book on James Wyatt is the definitive treatment of the subject. His \"New Georgian Handbook\", written jointly with Alexandra Artley of Harpers Magazine, was the architectural face of the Young Fogey movement and has become collectable. 1781310953}}. John Martin Robinson John Martin Robinson FSA (born 1948) is a British architectural historian and officer of arms. He was born in Preston, Lancashire, and educated at Fort Augustus Abbey, a Benedictine school in Scotland, the University of St Andrews"
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"retrieved": [
"Winston Williams Winston Anthony Williams (born 17 November 1952) is a former Kittitian cricketer who played for the Leeward Islands in West Indian domestic cricket. He was a wicket-keeper who batted right-handed. A former Combined Islands under-19 player, Williams made his first-class debut for the Leewards in January 1976, playing in a friendly fixture against the Windward Islands. A few months later, he also played against the touring Indian team. Williams' other first-class appearances all came during the 1977–78 season – two against the Windward Islands, and one against the touring Australians. He also played two limited-overs fixtures during the season, against Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago in the 1977–78 Geddes Grant/Harrison Line Trophy. Williams' younger brother, Shirlon Williams, also played first-class cricket as a wicket-keeper, but the two never appeared together at that level. Winston Williams Winston Anthony Williams (born 17 November 1952) is a former Kittitian cricketer who played for the Leeward Islands in West Indian domestic cricket. He was a wicket-keeper who batted right-handed. A former Combined Islands under-19 player, Williams made his first-class debut for the Leewards in January 1976, playing in a friendly fixture against the Windward Islands. A few months later, he also played"
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"William Adlington William Adlington (fl. 1566) was one among the host of translators that made the Elizabethan era the \"golden age of translations\". His Englishing of Apuleius' 2nd century CE novel \"Metamorphoses\", better known by its English title \"The Golden Ass\" (1566, reprinted 1571, 1582, 1596) was its first appearance in English and has been steadily reprinted into the 20th century. His prose is bold and delightful, though he does not stick as close to his source as a modern translator would be expected to do, in part because he had probably translated from a French edition of the text alongside the original Latin. The book was a favourite source of Shakespeare's. He addressed his dedication to Thomas, Earl of Sussex, from \"University College in Oxenford\", but so little is known of him that he did not rate a \"vita\" in the \"Dictionary of National Biography\". A connection with the Adlington family of Cheshire is unproven, as is his authorship of the 1579 verse tract \"A Speciall Remedie against the furious force of Lawlesse Love\", which is more likely to have been written by the London schoolmaster William Averell. William Adlington William Adlington (fl. 1566) was one among the host"
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"Institute of Palliative Medicine (Kozhikode) The Institute of Palliative Medicine is an education, training and research centre for palliative care located in Kozhikode, India. The institute trains health care professionals in palliative care and related medical disciplines. Through its connection with Calicut Medical College and other clinics in the state of Kerala, the institute supports between 4,500 and 5,000 patients per week. This institute is an organ of Pain and Palliative Care Society, Medical College, Calicut, which was founded in 1993. The institute began as an outpatient unit at Government Medical College, Calicut in 1993. In 1999, the Pain and Palliative Care Society established the 'Neighbourhood Network in Palliative Care', aimed at increasing community participation in palliative care. In 2003, the Institute was shifted to a separate building for training, research and patient care. In 2008, this institute was recognized as a WHO collaborating centre in community participation in palliative care. The Pain & Palliative Care Society believes that individuals and families coping with a life-threatening illness deserve efficient access to services that are designed to enhance their quality of life and enable them to receive care in the setting of their choice. The outpatient department of Institute of Palliative Medicine receives about 250 patients per week. The inpatient department has 30 beds and admits around 15 patients per week. All services provided at this institute, including food and accommodation are free of cost for all patients. There are home-based care facilities to meet patients at their residences from 9 am to 5 pm everyday. The home-care wing reaches out to around 750 patients per week. Round-the-clock services are available for homecare to registered patients living in Kozhikode city. In 1996 the World Health Organization conferred on this society, the title 'Demonstration Project' and it became their model to the developing world. WHO has since accredited the institute as a \"World Health Organization Collaborating Center\" (WHOCC). Pain and Palliative Care Society, Kozhikode, has been chosen for a 'Person of the Year 2007' award by Indiavision, a Kerala-based Malayalam television channel. The honour is usually awarded to an outstanding individual. However this year the jury, headed by the distinguished writer M. T. Vasudevan Nair, was unanimous in selecting Pain and Palliative Care Society (PPCS). This award was received by Dr Suresh Kumar, Mr. P. K. Ashok Kumar and Dr. M. R. Rajagopal, co-founders of PPCS along with Mr. T. Balan Nair, the present secretary of PPCS at a function in Thiruvananthapuram. Institute of Palliative Medicine (Kozhikode) The Institute of Palliative Medicine is an education, training and research centre for palliative care located in Kozhikode, India. The institute trains health care professionals in palliative care and related medical disciplines. Through its connection with Calicut Medical College and other clinics in the state of Kerala, the institute supports between 4,500 and 5,000 patients per week. This institute is an organ of Pain and Palliative Care Society, Medical College, Calicut, which was founded in 1993. The institute began as an outpatient unit at Government"
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"Kfaraakka Kfaraakka () is a village in the Koura District of Lebanon. The population is Greek Orthodox and Maronite. Kafaraka is located 80 kilometers to the north of Beirut, 17 kilometers to the south of Tripoli and 11 kilometers to the east of Shikka in the south east of Koura district. It rises 350 to 375 meters above the sea level. Kafaraka is bordered by Btran, Dhur al-Hawa and Bsarma to the north, Kousba to the east, and Amioun and Kafarsaroun to the west. It is connected to the coast by the Shikka- Arz and by Kafaraka-Tripoli highways. It covers an area of 5600000 square meters. Kafaraka was built mainly on three hills: the hill of Saint Nouhra, the hill of Saint John and the hill Saint Georges. The linguists agreed that Kafaraka is a Syrian- Aramaic name. Composed of two words: Kafar and Aka. \"Kafar\" means village. Linguists revealed different interpretation of the word “Aka”. For Ibrahim Al Aswad, “Aka” means sorrow. For Joseph Hobeika and Isaac Armele “Aka” means necklace, jewelry and the chain of gold. Dr. Anis Freiha supported the second opinion without refuting the first one while Dr. Emil Yaakoub confirmed the opinion of Hobeika and Armele. The Roman architecture of the ancient monastery of Saint Nouhra in Kafaraka, the crusade architecture of the monastery of saint Georges, the existence of the Palace of Nawous, the largest Roman temple in Mount Lebanon, on the neighboring hill and the mentioning of the name of Amioun village in the letters of “Tel Amarna” give solid evidences that the area has been inhabited since very long time. Kafaraka gained strategic importance over the history because of its location at the entrance of the Qadisha Valley linking the Lebanese coast to Cedar forest in Bsharri. Before the crusade era, no available historical books clearly mentioned Kafaraka. However, historical events were carried out on its land. According to the historians Al-Dweihi and the Al Samaani, the division of the Oriental Christians between “Romans” and “Maronite” around 694 started in Kafaraka. The dispute was political rather than ideological. It began in Constantinople between the king Justinian and his rival, Commander Leon; following the signing of an agreement between the Byzantine king Justinian and the Umayyad Kalifa Abdul Malik bin Marwan. The agreement consisted of total retreat of the Christian fighters from the mountains of Lebanon to Byzantium land. Part of the fighters withdrew upon the order of the king. The remaining fighters held up to their position upon the orders of king rival Commander Leon. Prompting the paramilitary, the king, directed an army led by Mouric and Mourician to discipline the rebels. Around 694 a battle took place among the bordering suburb of Amioun and Nawous (at that time it included Kousba, Ain Ekrin and Rushdbin) between the Byzantium army and rebels led by Youhanna Maroun. After the battle, the eastern Christians were divided between a pro-king known as the \" Romans\" and rebels known as the \"Marada\" - the rebels against the king or \"Maronites\" - followers of Youhanna Maroun. Kafaraka was not identified by its name in the books but the Geographical description of the Battle’s location proved that it took place in the current location of the village. After the Crusaders took over the Lebanese coast in 1109, Kafaraka became part of the County of Tripoli. The Crusaders realized early the strategic importance of the town, turning it from a small village to a basic feudal linking Bcharri with the main fiefdoms of the coast: Batroun, Naveen (Anfe) and Tripoli. In the year 1127, Kafaraka was given by Count of Tripoli “Pons”, to the Order of Saint John named the Knights Hospitalier or Hospitaller. A noble family of French origin emerged in the town, named “De Cafaraca”. This family had extensive authority in the County of Tripoli. Pierre De Cafaraca supervised the construction of the castle and the hospital in the town. In 1202, Boutros de Cafaraca was an official witness of the election and inauguration of the Bishop of Batroun In 1271 the Mamluk King Baybars destroyed partially the citadels of Kafaraka during the attack of the fortresses which protected Tripoli. In 1283, the castle was completely destroyed by the Mamluk Sultan Qallawun, the village was totally burned and the majority of its inhabitants were killed inside a church in Kafarsaroun (At that time Kafarsaroun was part of the Feudal of Kafaraka). The castle and the hospital were located in the area laying among the center of the village (Al Saha) the church of St. Georges, the Church of our Lady and the Church of St. Luke. The building named \"Abou Al Sayed\" is the only remaining construction that still exists from that era. In the beginning of the Mamluk era, Kafaraka turned into a deserted area inhabited by a small number of peasants who survived the massacre. According to Ibn Shaddad, the Sultan Qalwoun spared some of the villagers, in order to carry out the work of agriculture. Unlike the demographic change that took place in Tripoli in the Mamluk era, the rural Orthodox areas in koura were not influenced. These areas became the source of vegetables and oil for the city. Because of “ Shourout Al OUMRIA” law imposed by the Mamluk, the Christians could not rebuild what was destroyed during the war. In addition to that, religious obligations on the daily life style were imposed. Christian men were forced to wear blue turbans and were prevented from riding horses or mules, while women were obliged to wear blue linen. Nature was no less harsh on the Kafaraka inhabitants than the Mamluks. Locusts invaded the region in 1303, 1373, 1374, 1378, 1400, 1422, 1456, 1516 and 1519. A destructive earthquake hit the area in 1338, 1403 and 1412. Snow reached the coast in 1291 and 1301, 1316, 1345, 1359, 1397, 1407, 1508, and drought in 1312. The inhabitants suffered from plague in 1344, 1348, 1352, 1362, 1399, 1409, 1411, 1416, 1437, 1468, 1491 and 1511. Earlier, the Ottoman era was relatively less aggressive than the Mamluks. They kept the tribute system but they suspended the implementation of the law of “ Shourout Al Oumria”. In 1523, Kafaraka was part of the feudal of prince Mansour al-Assafy. In 1526 it was attacked by the locusts. The prices rose. The olive oil reached two hundred dirhams for 40 litres. In 1550 the Ottoman Sultan issued decrees allowing Christians more freedom in matters of religion and marriage. In 1579, the Ottoman state turned Tripoli into a ministry and a “Bashawiya” independent from the rule of the Assafis and appointed Yousef Pasha Sifa Kurdi as its first minister. The ministry of Tripoli included the following regions: Jbeil, Batroun, Koura, Zawiya, Beshri, Dnnia, Akkar, Houson and Safita. From 1521 until 1591, the Lebanese regions, including Koura, were subject to civil wars, assassinations and looting. Although most of the villages had been affected by these events. We did not find any proof that Kafaraka was affected at that time. In opposite, the number of residents has increased significantly, probably due to the fact that after the Crusader period it became a peaceful village inhabited by peasants. According to Ottoman statistics published by Dr. Essam Khalifa, the number of Christian adult males in Kafaraka increased from 67 in 1519 and 95 in 1571, while the number of Muslim males declined only from 4 to 3 at that time. In 1691, Mohamed Pasha Hamada took over the regions of Koura, Bsharri, Batroun and Byblos. He nominated his son Sheikh Ismail responsible over the Koura region. The sectors occupied by Hamada were continuously agitated. They had repetitive disagreements with Ottoman governors in Tripoli. It is likely that one of the Hamada’s leaders rebuilt partially the Crusader fortress in Kafaraka. It was as his headquarters for collecting taxes and tribute. This place was named “Kabou El Sayed”. In 1635, due to his dispute with Hamada, Prince Ali Sayfa attacked Amioun and seized its crops and the crops of",
"published by Dr. Essam Khalifa, the number of Christian adult males in Kafaraka increased from 67 in 1519 and 95 in 1571, while the number of Muslim males declined only from 4 to 3 at that time. In 1691, Mohamed Pasha Hamada took over the regions of Koura, Bsharri, Batroun and Byblos. He nominated his son Sheikh Ismail responsible over the Koura region. The sectors occupied by Hamada were continuously agitated. They had repetitive disagreements with Ottoman governors in Tripoli. It is likely that one of the Hamada’s leaders rebuilt partially the Crusader fortress in Kafaraka. It was as his headquarters for collecting taxes and tribute. This place was named “Kabou El Sayed”. In 1635, due to his dispute with Hamada, Prince Ali Sayfa attacked Amioun and seized its crops and the crops of neighboring villages. In 1636 the region faced a drought condition and it was invaded by locusts. Many inhabitants died from hunger. In 1638 a huge fire broke out in Kafaraka and spread to the lands of Kousba, Bsarma and Amioun. More than 50,000 olive trees were affected by the fire. In 1661, the inhabitants suffered from plague. Many people died as a result of the epidenic disease. In 1673, after a drought condition the locusts returned. At that time, the governors did not care about the suffering of the people. In contrary, they introduced new type of taxes. The “Qadoumiyyah” tax was imposed on every newborn child. These taxes and disasters forced the people to abandon their villages. From 1668 to 1750, according to Dr. Farouk Hoblos, the Ayoubis princes, supported by sheikhs of Al-Azar, leased the management of Koura region from the governors of Tripoli. Kafaraka was part of the so-called Emirate of Ayoubis in Koura. Based on the official Ottoman record, each village had its own “Sheikh”. The Ottoman archives did not document any name of “Sheikh” or noble family in Kafaraka. In addition to that the taxes on Kafaraka land were very low compared to other villages. The reason is related to the fact that the society of Kafaraka was a farmer’s entity, where only poor Christian peasants working in a land owned by government or princes. Conflict occurred between Ayoubis and Al Azar led into division of the Koura region in two parts. Kafaraka was in the part managed by Al Azar . From 1773 to 1839 Kafaraka became part of the Emirate of Shehabism. Regardless of all these administrative and political changes, the society of Kafaraka stayed almost intact After the strife of 1841, a new political system to manage the mountain of Lebanon was implemented. It was named “Al Qaemmaqamiatein”. Kafaraka was part of the Upper Koura province, in the Christians “Qaemmaqamiyyat”. In this period, the political, social and economic conditions slightly improved. The rich families owned lands in the Kafaraka. An Ottoman document showed that in 1849, Elias Ghosn, in partnership with Tobia, bought a plot in Kafarka. The same document proved the presence of property owned by the Prince Melhem Chehabi. In 1856, Sultan Abdulhamid issued a decree, announcing the equality between all citizens regardless of their religions. This decree had a positive impact on citizen’s behavior. The farmers in Kafaraka started owning the lands which they cultivated for long generations. In 1860 a new heavy strife took place. The impact was catastrophic on many villages. However, Kafaraka was not affected by this crisis. Many new families moved from the affected villages to Kafaraka. In the beginning of the “Moutasarifiate” era, the agricultural conservative society in Kafaraka started to evolve gradually. Several factors played a role. First the farmers started to have their private land. Second their children started getting some education. Third, the new freedom regarding politics, society and religion encouraged the inhabitants to start expressing their opinion. It is likely that at the beginning of the Almtsarfiyya period, the Church of Saint Georges was rebuilt according to its basic Crusader design and the Crusader castle stones were used to build the old neighborhoods houses of the town. This explains why the French archaeologist Emmanuel Guillaume Rey, who visited Kafaraka around 1859, confirmed the presence of the destroyed Crusader castle while, in 1906, Ibrahim al-Aswad confirmed that there were no historical places in the town. In 1862, the consul of Russia declared that the number of adult males in Kafaraka was 227 while the number of students was 29. At the end of the 19th century, Sheikh Nassif Nehme became the “Sheikh al-Solh” of Kafaraka and Sheikh Khalil Nasr Matar the director of “Qnat directory” in Moutasarifiate Mount Lebanon. According to an old local manuscript written by Sheikh Nassif Nehme, before the 20th century, fewer than 50 citizens from Kafaraka could write and read. By the beginning of the 20th century, Kafaraka had a municipality, “Mukhtar” and “Sheikh Soloh”. The Ottoman’s title \"Effendi\" was given to the mayor and \"Sheikh\" to Sheikh al-Solh and to “Mukhtar”. In 1906, the first municipal council was elected. According to Ibrahim al-Aswad, Khalil Effendi Boulos was elected as president and the members were Nassif Fayyad, Wahbe Mattar, Saba Soliman, Taleb Tannous, and Salim Elias. The Mukhtar was Sheikh Nicola Fayyad and Sheikh al-Solh was Sheikh Tannous Houbaiter. In 1909, Sheik Mikael Ibrahim Abou Farah was the Sheikh al-Solh of Kafaraka. According to Dr. Hanna Sassine, Mr Fares Yaakoub Boulos was the mayor of Kafaraka before the World War I During World War I, Kafaraka faced a catastrophic condition due to the Ottoman siege of Mount Lebanon. Many inhabitants died from hunger and diseases. More than half of the inhabitants migrated to outside Lebanon to destinations such as Australia, Brazil and the US. Kafaraka inhabitants were forced to sell their properties at very low prices, to cover either migration or the living expenses of their families. In the beginning of the 20th century, only some individual efforts were detected. The teachers were coming from Tripoli. Mr Moussa Al Hamati and Mr. Daoud assisted by Mr. Joanna Nicolas Saad from Kafaraka. The school was located in the house of the late Wadih Matar. After the World War I, the priests of Kafaraka, Saba Khalil Saba and Rashid Fayyad took the personal initiative to teach the children the basic knowledge of Arabic language. Well along, an association named “Women's Renaissance association” and the Orthodox Church played a leading role in the process of increasing the level of education in the village. After the Lebanese independence, the official schools raised the level of education in Kafaraka. Today, in addition to public schools, Kafaraka has a high school, a private institute (Freddie Atallah Institute), and a private university, “the American University of Culture and Education”. In the beginning of the 21st century Kafaraka had one of the highest levels of educated people in Lebanon. After the World War I and according to Dr. Hanna Sassine, the priest Khalil Saba Sleiman was the mayor of Kafaraka and Mr. Wehbe Yaakoub Mattar the “Moukhtar” In the French Mandate Era, Kafaraka quickly recovered, but it remained absent from the Lebanese political scene. None of its citizen was nominated in the Lebanese Governing Council in 1920 nor participated in the elections of the parliament in 1922 or in the elections of Lebanese delegates in 1925. In 1929, Mr. Najib Khalil Boulos, the eldest son of the Mayor Khalil Boulos and Mrs. Sarah Yacoub Matar, a lawyer known for his leadership and as an \"Effendi\", ran the parliamentary election. Though, he did not succeed. His nomination brock many old political traditions applied in Koura. Regarding the municipality election, the competition between Boulos and Mattar families started from the announcement of the Greater Lebanon until the declaration of independence. According to the municipality archive, Mr. Yaakoub Boulos was the Mayor of Kakaraka from 1934 until 1958. The relationship with",
"scene. None of its citizen was nominated in the Lebanese Governing Council in 1920 nor participated in the elections of the parliament in 1922 or in the elections of Lebanese delegates in 1925. In 1929, Mr. Najib Khalil Boulos, the eldest son of the Mayor Khalil Boulos and Mrs. Sarah Yacoub Matar, a lawyer known for his leadership and as an \"Effendi\", ran the parliamentary election. Though, he did not succeed. His nomination brock many old political traditions applied in Koura. Regarding the municipality election, the competition between Boulos and Mattar families started from the announcement of the Greater Lebanon until the declaration of independence. According to the municipality archive, Mr. Yaakoub Boulos was the Mayor of Kakaraka from 1934 until 1958. The relationship with the French army was unstable. Many problems occurred between Kafaraka Citizens and the Algerians, Senegalese and Moroccans inductees in the French army. General de Gaulle has visited Kafaraka several times, especially the area of \"Al Bader\", to meet the French soldiers. In 1936, Sheik Mikael Ibrahim Abou Farah became the “ Mukhtar” of Kafaraka. In 1940, Sheik Taleb Tannous Houbaiter became the “ Mukhtar” of Kafaraka In 1941 the lawyer Mr. Philippe Najib Boulos was appointed as secretariat of education and Youth on April and as minister of justice and deputy prime minister in the Lebanese government on December. In 1942 Mr. Philippe Najib Boulos was appointed as minister of public work and foreign affairs In 1946, Mr.Wehbe Yaakoub Matar became the “Mukhtar” of Kafaraka In 1947, Mr.Sami Mekael Shihada became the “Mukhtar” of Kafaraka In 1950, Mr.Atieh Wehbe Matar became the “Mukhtar” of Kafaraka and he remained until he died in 1986. In 1951, Mr. Philippe Najib Boulos was elected as the deputy of the sector of Zgharta-Koura- Batroun in the Lebanese parliament and appointed as minister of public work and deputy prime minister in the Lebanese government. In 1952, Mr. Philippe Najib Boulos was elected as vice president of the Lebanese parliament. In 1952, Mr. Yaakoub Khalil Boulos was re-elected as Mayor of Kafaraka In 1952, Mr. Najib Andraos was elected as member of Tripoli municipality. In the era of the President Camille Nemer Chamoun, Mr. Philippe Boulos was an active member of the opposition. Accordingly, Kafaraka faced instability. Noting that, the sons of Mr. Massaad Fares Boulos supported president Chamoun. In 1958, during the revolution against the regime of president Chamoun, Mr. Najib Massaad Boulos, known as Abou El Hassan, was one of the essential leaders of Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Koura. In 1958, Mr. Massaad Fares Boulos was elected as Mayor of Kafaraka. In 1959 Mr. Philippe Najib Boulos was appointed as “Mouhafez” of Beirut city. In 1960 Mr. Philippe Najib Boulos was elected as deputy of Koura. In April 1961, Mr. Philippe Najib Boulos was appointed as minister of justice, economy and tourism. In October 1961, Mr. Philippe Najib Boulos was appointed as minister of information and deputy prime minister. During the era of President Fouad Chehab, the Lebanese intelligence service persecuted the opponents of the Shihabi. The condition became worse after the participation of some citizens from Kafaraka in the military coup d’état against the Shihabi regime. Many were arrested. In 1962, Mr. Massaad Fares Boulos died. The municipality council elected the vice president Mr, Shihab Al Inati as Mayor of Kafaraka In 1964, Dr. Michel Fares Boulos was elected as Mayor of Kafaraka In 1964, Mr. Philippe Najib Boulos was re-elected as deputy of Koura In 1972, Dr. Michel Fares Boulos died. The municipality council elected the vice president Mr. Gaberial Najib Andraos as Mayor of Kafaraka and he remained until 1998. At the beginning of the civil war, there were unfortunate incidents, military confrontations, assassinations and kidnappings, which resulted in the deaths of many civilians from Kafaraka and the neighborhood. Between 1976 and 1978, Kfaraka was under the control of the Lebanese Front. From 1978 until the withdrawal of the Syrian army, Kafaraka was part of the Syrian-controlled areas in Lebanon. In 1978, Dr. Jamil Massaad Nehme was appointed as the director of the faculty of justice and politic sciences at Lebanese University – branch II. In 1983, Dr. Jamil Massaad Nehme was appointed as the General Director of personal state. In 1984, Dr. Jamil Massaad Nehme was appointed as the director of General National Security. He played a pivotal role in the administration of the era of the president Amine Gemayel. In 1991, Mr.Najib Mekael Fayyad became the “Mukhtar” of Kafaraka In 1996, Mr.Toufic Salime Horkoss became the “Mukhtar” of Kafaraka In the 1990s and the beginning of the 21st century, the Lawyer Najib Philippe Boulos, Mr. Fares Masaad Boulos, Mr. Joseph Sabaa and the lawyer George Naim Atallah ran the parliamentary elections but unfortunately none succeeded. . In 1998, Mr. Fares Masaad Boulos was elected as Mayor of Kafaraka and Mr. Georges Fouad Fayyad as vice president. In addition to that Mr. Elias Mikael Saba and Mr. Joseph Jamil Atallah were elected as “Mukhtar” In 1999, Mr. Elias Mikael Saba died and Mr. Deeb Ramez Sassine was nominated as Mukhtar In 2001, Dr. Lili Maliha Fayyad was appointed as the President of the Educational Center for Research and Development in Lebanon. In 2004, Mr. Fares Masaad Boulos was re-elected as Mayor of Kafaraka and Mr. Elias Yaakoub Jamhour as vice president. In addition to that Mr. Deeb Ramez Sassine and Mr. Joseph Atallah were re-elected as “Mukhtar” In 2009, Miss Martine Albert Andraos was elected as Miss Lebanon. In 2010, Mr. Fares Masaad Boulos was re-elected as Mayor of Kafaraka and Mr. Jean Ibrahim Sassine as vice president. In addition to that Mr. Deeb Ramez Sassine and Mr. Joseph Atallah were re-elected as “Mukhtar” In 2011, Mr Fares Boulos died. The municipality council elected Mr. Riad Berberri as Mayor of Kafaraka. In 2014, Mr. Riad Berbarri resigned. The municipality council elected Mrs. Hind Andraos as Mayor of Kafaraka. During same year the municipality council was dismissed due to the resignation of more than half of its members. In 2016, the lawyer Elias Gergi Sassine was elected as Mayor of Kafaraka and Mr. Emil Masaad Joureige as vice president. In addition to that Mr. Deeb Ramez Sassine, Mr. Hanna Mekhael Jamhour and Tony Gerges Al Khoury were elected as “Mukhtar” Kfaraakka Kfaraakka () is a village in the Koura District of Lebanon. The population is Greek Orthodox and Maronite. Kafaraka is located 80 kilometers to the north of Beirut, 17 kilometers to the south of Tripoli and 11 kilometers to the east of Shikka in the south east of Koura district. It rises 350 to 375 meters above the sea level. Kafaraka is bordered by Btran, Dhur al-Hawa and Bsarma to the north, Kousba to the east, and Amioun and Kafarsaroun to the west. It"
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"Sabbarin Sabbarin was a Palestinian Arab village located 28 kilometers south of Haifa. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. In 1859 Sabbarin had about 600 inhabitants, who cultivated 55 faddans (1 faddan =100-250 dunums) of land. The French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village in 1870, and noted that the villagers cultivated sesame. A well, called Bir Sabbarin, appeared well built. The village had an estimated 1000 inhabitants, with homes constructed of stones or adobe. In the 1882, the Palestine Exploration Fund's \"Survey of Western Palestine\" described Sabbarin as a \"large\" village, situated on a slope. The well was said to be the head of the Caesarea aqueduct. The oval well was 15 feet diameter and 15 feet deep. A population list from about 1887 showed that Subbarin had about 1,160 inhabitants; all Muslims. In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Sabbarin had a population of 845; 833 Muslims and 12 Christian, where the Christians were all Roman Catholics. The population had increased in the 1931 census to 1,108; 18 Christians and the rest Muslim, in a total of 256 houses. In the 1945 statistics, the village had a population of 1,700; 1,670 Muslims and 30 Christians and the village's lands spanned 25,307 dunams. 12,773 dunums of land used for cereals; 45 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards, while 179 dunams were built-up (urban) land. Sabbarin was captured by Israeli forces on May 12, 1948 during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War in Operation Coastal Clearing. It was defended by a local militia and possibly the Arab Liberation Army. According to Benny Morris, the Irgun (IZL) encountered resistance there and the majority of the villagers fled after 20 of them were killed in a firefight, with an IZL armoured car firing on the villagers as they fled. More than one hundred people, including the elderly, women, and children, who had not fled were held behind barbed wire for a few days before being expelled to nearby Umm al-Fahm. Others who had fled earlier ended up in refugee camps in the Jenin area. An IZL officer recounted how during a search of the column of refugees, a pistol and a rifle were found. Seven men were detained and were asked who the weapons belonged to. After they refused to answer, the IZL men threatened them with death. After still refusing to answer, the IZL men carried out a \"field court martial,\" sentenced the seven to death, and thereafter executed them on the spot. Following the war the area was incorporated into the State of Israel. Kibbutz Ramot Menashe was established northeast of the site in 1948, and the moshav of Amikam was founded in 1950, 1 km south of the village site. Khalidi described the place in 1992: \"The large site, strewn with the stone debris of houses, is overgrown with wild thorns. The thorns are interspersed with cactuses and pine, fig, olive and mulberry trees. Some of the surrounding lands are used by Israelis as pasture and growing fruit trees.\" From Palestineremembered.com. Sabbarin Sabbarin was a Palestinian Arab village located 28 kilometers south of Haifa. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. In 1859 Sabbarin had about 600 inhabitants, who cultivated 55 faddans (1 faddan =100-250 dunums) of land. The French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village in 1870, and noted that the villagers cultivated sesame. A well, called Bir Sabbarin, appeared well built. The village had an estimated 1000 inhabitants, with homes constructed of stones or adobe. In the 1882, the Palestine Exploration Fund's \"Survey of Western Palestine\" described Sabbarin as a"
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"Peter Van Dyke House The Peter Van Dyke House is a single-family home, now converted into apartments, located at 1091 Pine Street in Lapeer, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. This house was constructed for Peter Van Dyke in 1873. In 1880, Samuel J. Tomlinson, editor of the Lapeer Clarion, moved from his previous house to this one. Later, Frances and Mary Ellen Hunter purchased this house and in 1924 opened it as a private hospital. It operated as a hospital until 1953. It was later refurbished into apartments. The Peter Van Dyke House is an imposing Second Empire structure sheathed in clapboard, with a four-story tower. It is profusely decorated with a porch, small balconies, anddifferently designed brackets along the eavesline, The mansard roof has arched or steeply gabled projecting dormers. The front entrance is located in the base of the tower, and is covered with a small porch with chamfered columns and decorative cornice. The entryway is through paired doors beneath a curved transom containing etched ruby glass. Paired windows in an arched frame are in the second story above, while the third floor has arced windows and the fourth ocular windows. Peter Van Dyke House The Peter Van Dyke House is a single-family home, now converted into apartments, located at 1091 Pine Street in Lapeer, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. This house was constructed for Peter Van Dyke in 1873. In 1880, Samuel J. Tomlinson, editor of the Lapeer Clarion, moved from his previous house to this one. Later, Frances and Mary Ellen Hunter purchased this house and in 1924 opened it as a private hospital. It operated as a hospital until 1953. It was later refurbished into apartments. The Peter Van"
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"Edward Bass Edward Bass (November 23, 1726 in Dorchester, Massachusetts – September 10, 1803 in Newburyport, Massachusetts) was the first American Episcopal bishop of the Diocese of Massachusetts and second bishop of the Diocese of Rhode Island. Bass attended Harvard University, graduating in 1744. He taught and preached in Congregationalist churches, then went to England to be ordained by the bishop of London in May 1752. He had been appointed assistant at St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Newburyport, Massachusetts, in 1749 by the new rector, Matthias Plant, whom he followed as rector in 1753, serving until his death in 1803. Bass considered himself neutral during the American Revolution, but since he omitted from the church service all reference to the royal family and the British government, he was accused by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts of supporting the colonists and lost his financial support. In May 1789, the first convention of the Diocese of Massachusetts, meeting in Salem, elected Bass bishop of Massachusetts and Rhode Island but his parish rejected the election because lay delegates did not participate. In 1796 in Boston, Bass was unanimously re-elected bishop of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Maine, with lay participation, and was consecrated in Philadelphia on May 7, 1797. He also oversaw the churches in New Hampshire and is listed by the Diocese of Rhode Island as its second bishop. Edward Bass was the 7th bishop consecrated for the Episcopal Church. Bass died on September 10, 1803, just before he was to travel to Portland, Maine. James Morss in his diary, wrote of him, \"He felt ill on Saturday and felt he could not preach Sunday night and was concerned about my conducting the service without him as I had not done so before, but he was dead before Sunday.\" Edward Bass Edward Bass (November 23, 1726 in Dorchester, Massachusetts – September 10, 1803 in Newburyport, Massachusetts) was the first American Episcopal bishop of the Diocese of Massachusetts and second bishop of the Diocese of Rhode Island. Bass attended Harvard University, graduating in 1744. He taught and preached in Congregationalist churches, then went to England to be ordained by the bishop of London in May 1752. He had been appointed assistant at St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Newburyport, Massachusetts, in 1749 by the new rector, Matthias Plant, whom he followed as rector in 1753, serving until his death in 1803."
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"Marcelo Ebrard Marcelo Luis Ebrard Casaubón (; born October 10, 1959) is a Mexican politician affiliated until 2015 to the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) and current President of the United Nations Global Network on Safer Cities. He previously served as Head of Government of the Federal District of the United Mexican States from December 2006 to December 2012. He also served as Secretary-General of the former Mexican Federal District Department, minister of public security and minister of social development of the Mexican capital. In 2010, Ebrard was nominated as the \"world's best mayor\" by the Project World Mayor. He was the successful candidate of the PRD-led electoral alliance to serve as Head of Government of the Federal District in the 2006 Federal District election. From 2009 to 2012, he was the Chair of the World Mayors Council on Climate Change. Descendent of the French emigrant wave from Barcelonette in 1915, Ebrard is the son of architect Marcelo Ebrard Maure and Marcela Casaubón. He received a bachelor's degree in international relations from El Colegio de México, and specialized in public administration and planning at the École nationale d'administration of France. He was married to Francesca Ramos Morgan and had two daughters and one son: Francesca, Anne Dominique, and Marcelo Ebrard Ramos. He later divorced and married Mexican soap-opera actress Mariagna Pratts. In April 2011, Marcelo Ebrard announced his divorce from Mariagna Pratts through an official press release. In October 7, 2011; Ebrard married for the third time, with Rosalinda Bueso, former Honduras ambassador to Mexico. Ebrard became a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) in 1978. After volunteering in the presidential campaigns of 1976 and 1982, serving as an advisor to the secretary-general in 1988 and being elected to the Chamber of Deputies, Ebrard Casaubon left the PRI with Manuel Camacho Solís in 1995 to found the now-extinct Party of the Democratic Center (PCD). In 2000 he briefly campaigned for the 2000 Head of Government election for the PCD before stepping down in March 2000 and throwing his support behind Andrés Manuel López Obrador as the candidate of the multi-party Alliance for Mexico City. Following the election, he joined López Obrador's cabinet as secretary of public security in 2000 and became a member of the Party of the Democratic Revolution on September 12, 2004. On July 8, 2006 French newspaper \"Le Monde\" ran an article indicating that Ebrard as an emerging leader of the Mexican Left. Manuel Camacho Solís, for whom Ebrard is a political protégé, has a reputation for running articles in foreign newspapers to indicate his political intentions. Many have seen this as an attempt to dismiss López Obrador and now rely on Ebrard to win the presidency in the 2012 presidential elections. On December 7, 2010, he was awarded the World Mayor prize in recognition of his environmental and civil-rights initiatives within the Federal District. Ebrard ran as the PRD's candidate for Head of Government in the Federal District election held on 2 July 2006, which he won with 47% of the votes. He continued programs that Andrés Manuel López Obrador initiated, expanding them. A new initiative was the \"Prepa Sí\" program, which granted scholarships to low-income students, which managed to reduce the school-dropout in the city to 6% and raised the grade point average from 7.2 to 8.2. He expanded pensions for the elderly, so that it was a right of every inhabitant of Mexico City who had reached 68 years of age and sent an initiative to the Legislative Assembly of the Federal District, to elevate it to the status of law. Among his actions of greatest impact before the public opinion is the expropriation of properties and buildings that functioned as operational centers of crime, as it had happened with a property in the Tepito neighborhood, supposedly a drug-trafficking center; a large area of the Iztapalapa delegation, highlighted in the sale of stolen car parts, and two more drug sales properties in Santa María la Ribera. He also created a special intelligence unit against money laundering. Marcelo Ebrard made significant changes to the Historic Center, returning it to the inhabitants of Mexico City and its visitors, by relocating the street vendor since mid-2007. His action was classified among the press as a success of his government, since informal traders had significantly increased their numbers in recent years. Some intellectual sectors criticized the decision of one of its dependencies to demolish historic buildings of the first square of the city for the relocation of street vendors, although it was supported by the National Institute of Anthropology and History. He also rehabilitated the Monument to the Revolution and the Alameda. In the area of health, he built hospitals in Tláhuac, Iztapalapa and Tlalpan and promoted the development of specialties that did not exist in the public health system of Mexico City. During his mandate, he was recognized for his decisions in the fight against climate change, the construction of a mobility infrastructure, through the transformation of public transport with the Ecobici system; the expansion of 350% of the Metrobús system and the construction of . In 2009 he was named President of the World Mayors Council on Climate Change and in 2010 he received the World Mayor award by the City Mayors Foundation. Ebrard has stated as a goal the revival of the Nahuatl language. His plan calls for city workers to learn the language as an initial effort in reviving the language. Marcelo Ebrard was the first Head of Government of the Federal District to complete his six-year term as governor, starting on 5 December 2006 and ending on 5 December 2012. Controversy The city's chief of police, Marcelo Ebrard, and the Federal Secretary of Public Safety, Ramón Huerta, were both accused of not organizing a timely rescue effort when three undercover federal police officers were lynched by a mob in one of the capital's most impoverished suburbs in Tláhuac on November 23, 2004. After a thorough investigation, López Obrador gave Ebrard a vote of confidence, despite a request from President Fox that López Obrador relieve him of his duties. Later, using his constitutional powers, Fox fired Ebrard, in what critics believe was a politically motivated move to derail his political future. Ramón Huerta was also implicated in the incident, yet Fox gave Huerta his full support, and did not remove him from office. For this incident Ebrard is currently under investigation, as are the federal authorities that also failed to act. He was later reinstated as Secretary of Social Development by López Obrador. On 30 March 2010, Marcelo Ebrard publicly announced his intention to contest for the candidacy of his party to the Presidency of Mexico in 2012; as a pre-campaign platform he founded his Progressive Vanguard movement. On 11 June 2011, the PRD movement of Jesús Ortega \"\"Nueva Izquierda\"\", also known as \"\"Los Chuchos\",\" named him candidate of his party to the Presidency of Mexico. In contrast, the current National Democratic Left, led by Dolores Padierna Luna, ruled in favor of Andrés Manuel López Obrador. On 15 November 2011, it was announced that the method to select a candidate for the Presidency in 2012, would be a series of polls, which made Andrés Manuel López Obrador a winner, for which Ebrard refused to compete for the candidacy of 2012. As a formal Presidential candidate, Andrés Manuel López Obrador proposed he be Secretary of the Interior in case of winning the presidential elections, but Enrique Peña Nieto was elected President of Mexico. In September 2012, Ebrard was elected to serve as President of the United Nations Global Network on Safer Cities which is part of the Urban Initiatives through the United Nations. He renounced his position on 3 February 2014, in order to contend for the Presidency of the PRD. Ebrard was part of",
"ruled in favor of Andrés Manuel López Obrador. On 15 November 2011, it was announced that the method to select a candidate for the Presidency in 2012, would be a series of polls, which made Andrés Manuel López Obrador a winner, for which Ebrard refused to compete for the candidacy of 2012. As a formal Presidential candidate, Andrés Manuel López Obrador proposed he be Secretary of the Interior in case of winning the presidential elections, but Enrique Peña Nieto was elected President of Mexico. In September 2012, Ebrard was elected to serve as President of the United Nations Global Network on Safer Cities which is part of the Urban Initiatives through the United Nations. He renounced his position on 3 February 2014, in order to contend for the Presidency of the PRD. Ebrard was part of López Obrador's 2018 campaign team, responsible for interaction in Mexico's northwestern states. After López Obrador won the election on 1 July 2018, he was pronounced as the Secretary of Foreign Affairs a couple of days later, replacing Héctor Vasconcelos, who would instead become a Senator. Marcelo Ebrard Marcelo Luis Ebrard Casaubón (; born October 10, 1959) is a Mexican politician affiliated until 2015 to the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) and current President of the United Nations Global Network on Safer Cities. He previously served as Head of Government of the Federal District of the United Mexican"
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"Manuela Fingueret Manuela Fingueret (August 9, 1945 – March 11, 2013) was an Argentine writer and educator. The daughter of Lithuanian-Jewish immigrants, she was born in the La Chacarita barrio of Buenos Aires and studied to become a teacher and journalist. Fingueret was director of the Area de Cultura Judia del Centro Cultural General San Martin. She was programming director for FM Jai, a Jewish radio station and worked for several Jewish publications, including \"Nueva Sion\" and \"Arca del Sur'. In 1975, she published her first collection of poetry \"Tumultos contenidos\" (Contained tumult). It was followed by \"Heredarás Babel\" (You will inherit Babylon) in 1977 and \"La piedra es una llaga en el tiempo\" (The stone is a wound in time) in 1980. Fingueret was a long-time fan of the Atlanta soccer club and was given an honorary lifetime membership to the club in 2006. Manuela Fingueret Manuela Fingueret (August 9, 1945 – March 11, 2013) was an Argentine writer and educator. The daughter of Lithuanian-Jewish immigrants, she was born in the La Chacarita barrio of Buenos Aires and studied to become a teacher and journalist. Fingueret was director of the Area de Cultura Judia del Centro Cultural General San"
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"Linux color management Linux color management has the same goal as the color management systems (CMS) for other operating systems: to achieve the best possible color reproduction throughout an imaging workflow from its source (camera, video, scanner, etc.), through imaging software (Digikam, darktable, RawTherapee, GIMP, Krita, Scribus, etc.), and finally onto an output medium (monitor, video projector, printer, etc.). In particular, color management attempts to enable color consistency across media and throughout a color-managed workflow. Linux color management relies on the use of accurate ICC (International Color Consortium) and DCP (DNG Color Profile) profiles describing the behavior of input and output devices, and color-managed applications that are aware of these profiles. These applications perform gamut conversions between device profiles and color spaces. Gamut conversions, based on accurate device profiles, are the essence of color management. Historically, color management was not an initial design consideration of the X Window System on which much of Linux graphics support rests, and thus color-managed workflows have been somewhat more challenging to implement on Linux than on other OS's such as Microsoft Windows or macOS. This situation is now being progressively remedied, and color management under Linux, while functional, has not yet acquired mature status. Although it is now possible to obtain a consistent color-managed workflow under Linux, certain problems still remain: Since ICC color profiles are written to an open specification, they are compatible across operating systems. Hence, a profile produced on one OS should work on any other OS given the availability of the necessary software to read it and perform the gamut conversions. This can be used as a workaround for the lack of support for certain spectrophotometers or colorimeters under Linux: one can simply produce a profile on a different OS and then use it in a Linux workflow. Additionally, certain hardware, such as most printers and certain monitors, can be calibrated under another OS and then used in a fully color-managed workflow on Linux. The popular Ubuntu Linux distribution added initial color management in the 11.10 release (the \"Oneiric Ocelot\" release). Calibration and profiling requires: One of the critical elements in any color-managed workflow is the monitor, because, at one step or another, handling and making color adaptation through imaging software is required for most images, thus the ability of the monitor to present accurate colors is crucial. Monitor color management consists of calibration and profiling. The first step, calibration, is done by adjusting the monitor controls and the output of the graphics card (via calibration curves) to match user-definable characteristics, such as brightness, white point and gamma. The calibration settings are stored in a codice_1 file. The second step, profiling (characterization), involves measuring the calibrated display's response and recording it in a color profile. The profile is stored in an codice_2 file (\"ICC file\"). For convenience, the calibration settings are usually stored together with the profile in the ICC file. Note that codice_3 files are identical to codice_2 files - the difference is only in the name. Seeing correct colors requires using a monitor profile-aware application, together with the same calibration used when profiling the monitor. Calibration alone does not yield accurate colors. If a monitor was calibrated before it was profiled, the profile will only yield correct colors when used on the monitor with the same calibration (the same monitor control adjustments and the same calibration curves loaded into the video card's lookup table). macOS has built-in support for loading calibration curves and installing a system-wide color profile. Windows 7 onward allows loading calibration curves, though this functionality must be enabled manually.. Linux and older versions of Windows require using a standalone LUT loader. ICC profiles are cross-platform and can thus be created on other operating systems and used under Linux. Monitor profiles, however, require some additional attention. Since a monitor profile depends both on the monitor itself and on the video card, a monitor profile should only be used with the same monitor and video card with which it was created. The monitor settings should not be adjusted after creating the profile. In addition, since most calibration software use LUT adjustments during calibration, the corresponding LUTs must be loaded every time the display server (X11, Wayland) is started (e.g. with every graphical login). In the unlikely case of a colorimeter being unsupported by Linux, a profile created under Windows or macOS can be used under Linux. There are two approaches to loading display channel LUTs: In ICC-aware applications, it is important to make sure the correct profiles are assigned to devices, mainly to the monitor and the printer. Some Linux applications can auto-detect the monitor profile, while others requires that it is specified manually. Although there is no designated place to store device profiles on Linux, codice_5 has become the \"de facto\" standard. Most applications running under WINE have not been fully tested for color accuracy. While 8-bpp programs can have some color resolution difficulties due to depth conversion errors, colors in higher-depth applications should be accurate, as long as those programs perform their gamut conversions based on the same monitor profile as that used for loading the LUT, granted that the corresponding LUT adjustments are loaded. A color profile file for a monitor will typically contain two parts: In a color-managed setup, the VCGT/LUT part is typically loaded on login, while the filename of the color profile is stored in the codice_6 X atom so that color managed programs can load that as a default profile for applying gamma+matrix corrections. Some programs also let you override what profile is used for gamma+matrix corrections. colord is a system daemon that makes it easy to manage, install and generate color profiles to accurately color manage input and output devices. colord provides a D-Bus API for system frameworks to query, e.g. \"Get me the profiles for device $foo\" or \"Create a device and assign it profile $bar.\" colord provides a persistent database backed store that is preserved across reboots, and it provides the session for a way to set system settings, for instance setting the display profile for all users and all sessions. GNOME Color Manager and colord-kde are graphical tools for colord to be used in the GNOME and KDE desktop environments. Both act as a client to colord. colord supports the following subsystems: Linux color management Linux color management has the same goal as the color management systems (CMS) for other operating systems: to achieve the best possible color reproduction throughout an imaging workflow from its source (camera, video, scanner, etc.), through imaging software (Digikam, darktable, RawTherapee, GIMP, Krita, Scribus, etc.), and finally onto an output medium"
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"retrieved": [
"Nieuwe Republiek The Nieuwe Republiek (\"New Republic\") was a small Boer republic which existed from 1884 to 1888 in present-day South Africa. It was recognised only by the German Empire and the South African Republic. Its independence was proclaimed on August 16, 1884 with land donated by the Zulu Kingdom through a treaty. It covered and the capital was Vryheid or Vrijheid (\"Freedom\" in Afrikaans or Dutch, respectively), both being alternative names of the state. The founder and president until it requested incorporation by Transvaal Republic on 20 July 1888 was Lucas Johannes Meijer, while Daniel Johannes Esselen acted as Secretary of State during the same period. After Boer farmers, who lived in the area, helped Dinuzulu defeat his rival Zibhebhu for succession of the Zulu throne, land was given to them by way of session by the new Zulu king along the banks of the Mfolozi River. On August 5, 1884 the Boers formed the \"Nieuwe Republiek\" (New Republic) with recognition by Germany, ZAR and Portugal with Vryheid as its capital. The Nieuwe Republiek was finally recognized by the British on October 22, 1886 but within a few months the British annexed a stretch of the coastline of the Niewe Republic and the Zulu Kingdom north of the river Thukela river (1887) in order to prevent the new Boer republic from having access to the sea, which they needed for a harbor. British annexation of the Zulu territory resulted in a revolt, led by Dinuzulu (June 1888), who was defeated by the British. King Dinuzulu was tried for high treason in Eshowe and sentenced. The annexation of Zululand did not leave much hope for security in the Nieuwe Republiek against British imperialism. On July 20, 1888 the New Republic was incorporated with the Transvaal Republic on its own request, although enjoying considerable autonomy. The relations between the Boers and the Zulu remained stable until the outbreak of the Second Boer War (1899-1902). In June 1900 the British forces entered Vryheid, the capital. AJ Shepstone, son of Sir Theophilus Shepstone, the former secretary of native affairs in Natal, was sent to the area and worked together with the official British military intelligence J. Roberts to conspire with some Zulus against the Boers, and had victory achieved over the Boers in Schurweberg, near Vryheid. In March 1901 he declared martial law in the region. After the Second Boer War the territory was transferred to the British Colony of Natal (1903). Nieuwe Republiek The Nieuwe Republiek (\"New Republic\") was a small Boer republic which existed from 1884 to 1888 in present-day South Africa. It was recognised only by the German Empire and the South African Republic. Its independence was proclaimed on August 16, 1884 with land donated by the Zulu Kingdom through a treaty. It covered and the capital was Vryheid or Vrijheid (\"Freedom\" in Afrikaans or Dutch, respectively), both being alternative names of the state. The founder and president until it requested incorporation by Transvaal Republic on 20 July 1888 was"
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"retrieved": [
"720p 720p (1280×720 px; also called HD Ready or standard HD) is a progressive HDTV signal format with 720 horizontal lines and an aspect ratio (AR) of , normally known as widescreen HDTV (1.78:1). All major HDTV broadcasting standards (such as SMPTE 292M) include a 720p format, which has a resolution of 1280×720; however, there are other formats, including HDV Playback and AVCHD for camcorders, that use 720p images with the standard HDTV resolution. The frame rate is standards-dependent, and for conventional broadcasting appears in 50 progressive frames per second in former PAL/SECAM countries (Europe, Australia, others), and 59.94 frames per second in former NTSC countries (North America, Japan, Brazil, others). The number \"720\" stands for the 720 horizontal scan lines of image display resolution (also known as 720 pixels of vertical resolution). The \"p\" stands for progressive scan, i.e. non-interlaced. When broadcast at 60.00 frames/s frames per second, 720p features the highest temporal resolution possible under the ATSC and DVB standards. The term assumes a widescreen aspect ratio of , thus implying a resolution of 1280×720 px (0.9 megapixels). 720i (720 lines interlaced) is an erroneous term found in numerous sources and publications. Typically, it is a typographical error in which the author is referring to the 720p HDTV format. However, in some cases it is incorrectly presented as an actual alternative format to 720p. No proposed or existing broadcast standard permits 720 \"interlaced\" lines in a video frame at any frame rate. Progressive scanning reduces the need to prevent flicker by anti-aliasing single high contrast horizontal lines. It is also easier to perform high-quality 50↔60 Hz conversion and slow-motion clips with progressive video. A 720p60 (720p at 59.94 Hz) video has advantage over 480i and 1080i60 (29.97/30 frame/s, 59.94/60 Hz) in that it comparably reduces the number of 3:2 artifacts introduced during transfer from 24 frame/s film. However, 576i and 1080i50 (25 frame/s, 50 Hz), which are common in Europe, generally do not suffer from pull down artifacts as film frames are simply played at 25 frames and the audio pitch corrected by 25/24ths. As a result, 720p60 is used for U.S. broadcasts while European HD broadcasts often use 1080i50 24* frame, with a horizontal resolution of 1920 or 1440 depending on bandwidth constraints. However, some European broadcasters do use the 720p50 format, such as German broadcasters ARD and ZDF, the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) and Spanish Radio and Television Corporation (TVE HD). Arte, a dual-language French-German channel produced in collaboration by ARD, ZDF and France Télévisions, broadcasts in German at 720p50 but in French at 1080i50. The Flemish Broadcasting Company (VRT) in Belgium was using 720p50, but switched to 1080i50 a few years ago. 720p 720p (1280×720 px; also called HD Ready or standard HD) is a progressive HDTV signal format with 720 horizontal lines and an aspect ratio (AR) of , normally known as widescreen HDTV (1.78:1). All major HDTV broadcasting standards (such as SMPTE 292M) include a 720p format, which has a resolution of 1280×720;"
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"retrieved": [
"Stephanie Smith Stephanie Smith is an American contemporary Christian music singer/songwriter. She is signed to Gotee Records. Her first studio album, \"Not Afraid\", was released on May 27, 2008 digitally and in stores on December 23, 2008. She received national attention on the Winter Wonder Slam tour with TobyMac. Stephanie Smith graduated from Greenville College in Illinois in 2006. It was at Greenville College that she first met Gotee Records manager TobyMac, while performing at the annual AgapeFest. Toby then signed her to the record label. She has written a book with Suzy Weibel titled \"Crossroads: The Teenage Girl's Guide to Emotional Wounds\", which was released on June 1, 2008. She is featured on the House of Heroes song \"God Save Us the Foolish Kings\" which was released in 2011. In November 2012, Smith married House of Heroes frontman, Tim Skipper. The two started creating their own music under the name Copperlily and released \"Love Is a Legend\" in 2014. Stephanie Smith Stephanie Smith is an American contemporary Christian music singer/songwriter. She is signed to Gotee Records. Her first studio album, \"Not Afraid\", was released on May 27, 2008 digitally and in stores on December 23, 2008. She received national"
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"Sam Bernard Sam Bernard (born Samuel Barnett, 5 June 1863 – 16 May 1927) was an English-born American vaudeville comedian who also performed in musical theatre, comic opera and burlesque and appeared in a few silent films. Bernard was born in Birmingham, England, and moved to the United States as a child. He began performing a song and dance act with his brother Dick in variety houses in Manhattan, changing their stage name from Barnett as they considered the name Bernard more \"ethnic\". Sam went solo in 1884, and joined B. F. Keith's theatre company in Providence, Rhode Island. After a brief tour in England, he returned to the U.S., performed in the Night Owls comedy troupe, and then became the part-owner and leading comedy actor in the French Folly Company. He was friendly with Joe Weber and Lew Fields, and in 1890 agreed to manage their troupes, the Russell Brothers Comedians and then the Vaudeville Club touring company, in which Bernard also starred. In 1896, Bernard became the star performer in the newly-formed Weber & Fields Music Hall company, and appeared in many of their classic theatre sketches, often performing with Weber and Fields. He remained with the company until 1902, except for a period in 1899–1900 when he starred with Marie Dressler in the musical \"The Man in the Moon\". After 1902, he worked primarily in Broadway musicals, including \"The Girl from Kays\" (1903), in which he created his character Mr Hoggenheimer and starred with Hattie Williams. His later successes included \"The Rollicking Girl\" (1905), \"The Rich Mr Hoggenheimer\" (1906), \"The Girl and the Wizard\" (1909), \"He Came From Milwaukee\" (1910); \"All for the Ladies\" (1910); \"The Belle of Bond Street\" (1914); and \"The Century Girl\" (1916). He began to explore acting in motion pictures in 1915, after he was signed to the Triangle Film Corporation. His movies included \"Fatty and the Broadway Stars\" (1915, with Fatty Arbuckle), \"Poor Schmaltz\" (1915), \"The Great Pearl Tangle\" (1916), and \"Because He Loved Her\" (1916). He returned to stage revues in \"Friendly Enemies\" (1918), \"As You Were\" (1920), and Irving Berlin's \"Music Box Revue\" (1921), and wrote and starred in \"Nifties of 1923\". Sam Bernard died of apoplexy while aboard the SS Columbus after its departure from New York en route to Europe. Selected plays: Some of the movies in which he was featured include: Sam Bernard Sam Bernard (born Samuel"
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"retrieved": [
"Peveril Point Peveril Point is a promontory on the east-facing coast of the Isle of Purbeck in Dorset, England, and is part of the town of Swanage. It forms the southern end of Swanage Bay. It is located at OS Grid Ref: SZ 041 787. The rocks that make up Peveril Point are shale and Portland and Purbeck limestone in a syncline structure. This has resisted erosion more than the adjacent clay of Swanage Bay; whilst the clay has eroded away over time, the limestone has remained as a promontory. On top of Peveril Point is a National Coastwatch Institution Lookout. The point is also home to the Swanage lifeboat organisation. Peveril Point contains underground tunnels connecting disused gun emplacements which defended the entrance to Southampton Water from the west of the Isle of Wight during World War II. Peveril Point Peveril Point is a promontory on the east-facing coast of the Isle of Purbeck in Dorset, England, and is part of the town of Swanage. It forms the southern end of Swanage Bay. It is located at OS Grid Ref: SZ 041 787. The rocks that make up Peveril Point are shale and Portland and Purbeck limestone in a"
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"retrieved": [
"Álvaro Cunqueiro Álvaro Cunqueiro Mora (Mondoñedo, December 22, 1911 – Vigo, February 28, 1981) was a Galician novelist, poet, playwright, and journalist. He is the author of many works in both Galician and Spanish, including \"Merlín e familia\" (\"Merlin and family\"). He was a cofounder of the Galician Writers Association. In 1991, Galician Literature Day was dedicated to him. Cunqueiro was born to Joaquín Cunqueiro Montenegro, a pharmacist, and Pepita Mora Moirón of Mondoñedo (where he was infamous for his practice of stealing coats at parties). He did his \"bachillerato\" (secondary school) studies in the \"Instituto Xeral e Técnico\" (General and Technical Institute) in the city of Lugo, where he befriended the writers Evaristo Correa Calderón and Ánxel Fole. He began to study in the Department of Philosophy and Literature at the University of Santiago de Compostela in 1927, but abandoned his studies to dedicated himself to journalism, writing for various newspapers and magazines including \"El Pueblo Gallego\". During his time in Santiago, he regularly attended the literary gatherings at the Café Español, and his friends included Francisco Fernández del Riego, Domingo García Sabell, Gonzalo Torrente Ballester, Ricardo Carballo Calero, Carlos Maside, and Xosé Eiroa. He promoted the magazines \"Papel de Color\" and \"Galiza\", and edited the first issue of the latter, published July 25, 1930. He was a founding member of the Partido Galeguista (Galicianist Party). The military uprising of July 1936 found Cunqueiro in Mondoñedo, and thanks to the influence of his conservative family, he was not subjected to reprisals, and was able to find work as a teacher in a private school in Ortigueira from October 1936 onwards. He was the regional head of press and propaganda for the Falange, and worked on the local Falangist publication \"Era Azul\". Jesús Suevos, the head of the Falange in Galicia, and the director of the newspaper \"El Pueblo Gallego\", asked him to write for the newspaper's literary and current events sections; Cunqueiro accepted and moved to Vigo. During his time in Vigo, he also briefly taught Portuguese in a high school. In November 1938, Cunqueiro moved to San Sebastián and wrote for \"La Voz de España\". He was also a subdirector for \"Vértice\", a publication of the National Delegation of Press and Propaganda, in which he published \"The Story of the Knight Rafael\" (1939), his first fiction in Spanish. After Madrid was occupied by the Nationalist army, Cunqueiro moved there and began to write for ABC. In 1947 he returned to Mondoñedo and began to distance himself from Franquism. In 1950 he published a book in Galician, \"Dona de corpo delgado\". From 1960 on, he worked as the official chronicler of Mondoñedo, and the following year moved to Vigo, where he found a fixed position as a writer for the newspaper \"Faro de Vigo\". In 1961, the Royal Galician Academy elected him as a member. Between November 1964 and June 1970, Cunqueiro was the director of the Faro de Vigo and of the Faro Deportivo. He was a multifaceted writer, and his extensive literary output extends into the fields of journalism, poetry, narrative prose, and theater, not to mention his work as a translator. The early Cunqueiro was fundamentally a poet, writing in Avant-Garde, neo-troubador and culturalist styles. He initiated neo-troubadorism with his poetry collections \"Mar ao norde\" (1932) and \"Poemas do si e do non\" (1933). He wrote \"Cantiga nova que se chama Riveira\" (1933) under the influence of the troubador tradition of the medieval Galician-Portuguese lyric. During the 1940s and 50s, he began to dedicate himself primarily to narrative and journalism, publishing three important novels: \"Merlín e familia e outras historias\", \"As crónicas do sochantre\" and \"Se o vello Simbad volvese ás illas\". He also published three books of stories: \"Xente de aquí e de acolá\", \"Escola de menciñeiros\", and \"Os outros feirantes\". The latter was turned into a series of six stories adapted for the screen by prestigious Galician and Spanish actors. He also wrote innumerable articles for newspapers like \"Vallibria\", \"La Voz de Galicia\", \"El Progreso\", and \"Faro de Vigo\". He received the Premio de la Crítica Española in 1959 for \"Las crónicas del sochantre\", which in reality was a translation of the Galician-language \"As crónicas do sochantre\", which he had written first. He was also awarded the Premio Nadal in 1968 for \"Un hombre que se parecía a Orestes\" and the Premio Frol da Auga in 1979 for \"Herba de aquí e acolá\". For his work as a journalist he received the Premio Conde de Godó. In 1981 he was named an honorary member of the Galician Writers Association. Cunqueiro was the source of the famous quote \"Mil primaveras máis para a lingua galega\" (\"A thousand more springs for the Galician language\"). This phrase now figures on his grave: \"Eiqui xaz alguén, que coa súa obra, fixo que Galicia durase mil primaveras máis\" (\"Here lies someone who, with his work, made Galicia last a thousand more springs\"), alongside another inscription that reads \"Loubado seña Deus que me permitiu facerme home neste grande Reino que chamamos Galicia\" (\"Praised be God who allowed me to become a man in this great Kingdom we call Galicia\"). Álvaro Cunqueiro Álvaro Cunqueiro Mora (Mondoñedo, December 22, 1911 – Vigo, February 28, 1981) was a Galician novelist, poet, playwright, and journalist. He is the author of many works in both Galician and Spanish, including \"Merlín e familia\" (\"Merlin and family\")."
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"Carlos Panini Carlos Panini was a wealthy Mexican businessman of Italian origin, from Mosio di Acquanegra sul Chiese in the province of Mantova in Lombardia region. He is credited with being the first pilot to fly a light plane around the world. In 1927 he had established Mexico's first scheduled airline, which he had sold shortly prior to the race as he was planning to retire. He was a motorsport enthusiast and participated in numerous competitions. Panini died when his car crashed during the 1951 Carrera Panamericana on the second stage from Oaxaca to Puebla. Although the registered driver for the race was Carlos' daughter Teresa (Teresita), he was at the wheel of car, despite the fact that he did not have a valid license and was in ill health. The accident happened when 15-year-old Bobby Unser was trying to overtake Panini who was travelling at a lower speed and blocked the American for a long stretch. After several attempts, Unser made his move but Panini tried too late to block him, resulting in the two cars bumping one another. Unser nearly went off a sheer cliff but was skilled enough to control his Jaguar, while Panini's Alfa Romeo went straight into a wall, killing the driver instantly. Unser did not stop for fear of being disqualified from the race as the rules explicitly forbade it. Later, Ricardo Ramirez of Mexico City abandoned the race to rush the Paninis to a hospital in Puebla. Teresa Panini survived the accident with minor injuries. Press reaction to his death was strong in condemning the race as his was a part of a series of prominent deaths that year. At the time of his death newspapers gave his age as 54, but one states his age as 48. Carlos Panini Carlos Panini was"
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"retrieved": [
"Chamelea gallina Chamelea gallina is a species of small saltwater clam, a marine bivalve in the family Veneridae, the venus clams. Carl Linnaeus originally described \"Venus gallina\" from the Mediterranean Sea in 1758. It was not clear whether da Costa's 1778 \"Pectunculus striatulus\" was a different northern species or not. Linnaeus afterwards mentioned that his \"V. gallina\" also occurs in \"\". In 1952, following Dodge, the name \"Chamelea gallina\" was considered to be valid. There were for a while two recognised subspecies: the Mediterranean\" C. g. gallina\", and the Atlantic \"C. g. striatula\". However by 2016, the two subspecies were elevated to the species level, and listed separately on the database WoRMS. The shell is solid and thick, with two equal sized valves and up to five centimetres long. It is broadly triangular but asymmetrical, having a round anterior margin but a somewhat elongated posterior. The periostracum is thin and the ligament connecting the two valves is narrow. The lunule is short and heart-shaped, light brown with fine radiating ridges. The shell is sculptured with about fifteen concentric ridges. The colour is whitish, cream or pale yellow, sometimes shiny, and usually with three red-brown radiating rays. \"Chamelea gallina\" occurs on Eastern Atlantic coasts, from Norway and the British Isles, Portugal, Morocco, Madeira and the Canary Islands. It is also found in the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea and is abundant in the Adriatic Sea. \"Chamelea gallina\" lives under the surface of clean and muddy sand at a depth of between five and twenty metres. It is a filter feeder, taking in a variety of microalgae, bacteria and small particles of detritus. This species is used for food. In 1995 the total recorded catch was 42,000 tons with the largest catches being taken by Italy and Turkey. The shells are mostly caught with dredges but some bottom trawling is done and some aquaculture takes place in Italy. Chamelea gallina Chamelea gallina is a species of small saltwater clam, a marine bivalve in the family Veneridae, the venus clams. Carl Linnaeus originally described \"Venus gallina\" from the Mediterranean Sea in 1758. It was not clear whether da Costa's 1778 \"Pectunculus striatulus\" was a different northern species or not. Linnaeus afterwards mentioned that his \"V. gallina\" also occurs in \"\". In 1952, following Dodge, the name \"Chamelea gallina\" was considered to be valid. There were for a while two recognised subspecies: the"
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"Robert Duncan (pilot) Robert \"Bob\" Wayne Duncan was an American flying ace in the Pacific theatre of World War II. Duncan was the first person to shoot down a Mitsubishi A6M Zero while flying a Grumman F6F Hellcat. He was in the U.S. Navy from 1942 to 1966, retiring with the rank of Captain after having flown more than 100 combat missions in World War II and the Korean War. After a Mitsubishi Zero crashed in the Aleutian Islands, the U.S. Navy reconstructed the plane in order to study and test it to find its weaknesses in aerial combat. This led to the development of the Hellcat which was an improvement over the Grumman F4F Wildcat. Duncan, then an Ensign, scored his first and second aerial victories in the Hellcat, the second being Japanese flying ace Warrant Officer Toshiyuki Sueda, who previously had downed nine American aircraft, mostly Grumman Wildcats. Sueda had previously lured Wildcats into a trap by flying into a vertical loop and waiting for them to stall out before diving down to shoot them. However, this same technique failed to cause the similar looking but improved Hellcat to stall and Duncan was able to shoot his opponent down. Duncan was unaware for a while that his second kill was a flying ace, and not a rookie pilot because the dogfight did not prove to be particularly difficult. He became the most successful pilot in his squadron, totaling seven victories, all Mitsubishi Zeros. His aviation accomplishments in 1944, when he became the first flying ace in his squadron after he scored his fifth victory in Operation Hailstone, were documented on the History Channel. During the Korean War, Duncan was stationed to a jet squadron on the , and cumulatively (with WWII) flew 100 combat missions. He retired from the Navy in 1966 with the rank of Captain, his final post being commander of the 8th Navy Recruiting Area at San Francisco. Duncan was awarded the Navy Cross in 2003, decades after Admiral Chester W. Nimitz had recommended him for the award. Following his retirement from the Navy, Duncan was the chairman of the board of the Williamson County Regional Airport Authority. He died in his birthplace of Marion, Illinois at age 92 and is buried at the Barham Cemetery. Robert Duncan (pilot) Robert \"Bob\" Wayne Duncan was an American flying ace in the Pacific theatre of World War"
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"retrieved": [
"Courting Alex Courting Alex is an American sitcom that aired on CBS from January 23 to March 29, 2006, and was a vehicle for Jenna Elfman of \"Dharma & Greg\" fame. The series was based on the British sitcom \"According to Bex\". Elfman portrays Alex Rose, a successful, single attorney who works with her father Bill (Dabney Coleman) at his law firm. Alex struggles with dating while looking for love in a big city. Her father wants her to settle down with her coworker Stephen (Josh Stamberg), a star lawyer at the firm who is smitten with her. She prefers Scott (Josh Randall), the tavern owner she meets in the first episode, of whom her father doesn't approve. Alex relies on the advice of her assistant Molly (Jillian Bach) and British neighbor Julian (Hugh Bonneville). Comedian Wayne Federman had a recurring role as office sycophant, Johnson. The show's working titles were \"Everything I Know about Men\" and \"The Jenna Elfman Show\". The stage for the office where Alex works is a redressed version of the Winfred-Louder Department Store set used by \"The Drew Carey Show\". Despite starting off with impressive numbers, ratings for \"Courting Alex\" fell hard after the show was moved to Wednesday nights. The show was not picked up for a second season in May 2006 when CBS canned \"Courting Alex\" and fellow freshman series \"Out of Practice\". The show's theme song was performed by Nikka Costa. Based on the average total viewers per episode of \"Courting Alex\" on CBS: Despite a decent respectable rating average that passed the 10 million meter mark the show was not renewed for a second season and was canceled mid-way into the season. Starting July 24 Paramount Comedy 1 in the UK started airing \"Courting Alex\" every Monday at 9pm in double bills. In 2007 Talpa in the Netherlands started airing \"Courting Alex\" every Sunday. For Thailand, \"Courting Alex\" was airing on True Series (True Visions). In Serbia, \"Courting Alex\" was airing weeknights at 8pm on TV Avala. In Croatia, \"Courting Alex\" or \"Sve sto znam o muškarcima\" was airing weeknights at 1pm on Nova TV. In the UK, \"Courting Alex\" was airing weekdays at 9am on Paramount Comedy 1 from May 28, 2007. In Turkey, \"Courting Alex\" will be airing Monday, Wednesday and Friday from Sept 26 2007. In Australia, \"Courting Alex\" is currently aired on Channel Ten at midnight on Tuesdays. In Poland the show called simply \"Alex\" is frequently rerun on Comedy Central Poland and recently (June 2008) started on POLSAT TV on weekdays' mornings. Courting Alex Courting Alex is an American sitcom that aired on CBS from January 23 to March 29, 2006, and was a vehicle for Jenna Elfman of \"Dharma & Greg\" fame. The series was based on the British sitcom \"According to Bex\". Elfman portrays Alex Rose, a successful, single attorney who works with her father Bill (Dabney Coleman) at his law firm. Alex struggles with dating while looking for love in a big city."
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