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"Space Pioneer Awards Space Pioneer Awards or NSS Space Pioneer Awards are the annual awards given by National Space Society, an independent non-profit educational membership organisation, to individuals and teams who have opened the space frontier. The awards are given in 13 categories and category is awarded each year. India's Mars Orbiter Mission team won 2015 Space Pioneer Award in the science and engineering category. The 13 categories in which award could be given are: 2015 - Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), (Mars Orbiter Mission) 2011 - Elon Musk [Business Entrepreneur] 2011 - Robert Bigelow [Space Development] 2011 - X-51A Waverider Team [Science and Engineering] 2011 - Paul Spudis [Scientific or Engineering Paper] 2011 - Gordon R. Woodcock [Lifetime of Service to the Space Community] 2011 - George T. Whitesides [Service to the Space Community] 2010 - Ray D. Bradbury [Mass Media] 2010 - George T. Whitesides [Service to the Space Community] 2010 - NASA-Ames LCROSS Mission Team [Science and Engineering] 2009 - Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) [Science and Engineering] 2009 - John C. Mankins [Space Development] 2009 - Brian G. Marsden [Service to the Space Community] 2009 - Russell L. Schweickart [Historic Space Achievement] 2008 - \"The Caballeros\" Col. Mike Hornitschek, USAF, Col. M.V. “Coyote” Smith, USAF, Lt. Col. Peter Garretson, USAF, Lt. Col. Paul Damphousse, USMC, and Gen. James Armor (Ret.) [Space Development] 2008 - Anita E. Gale [Education] 2008 - Al Globus [Education] 2008 - Patricia Grace Smith [Government Service (Non-legislative)] 2007 - Kenneth Cox [Space Development] 2007 - Heinz Hermann Koelle [Special Merit] 2006 - Elon Musk [Business/Entrepreneur] 2006 - JAXA HAYABUSA (MUSES-C) Mission Team [Scientist/Engineer] 2006 - Michael Griffin [Space Development] 2005 - Paul Allen [Business/Entrepreneur] 2005 - Mars Exploration Rover Team, accepted by Dr. Steven Squyres [Scientist/Engineer] 2005 - Dr. Boris Smeds, ESA, for Cassini/Huygens mission [Scientist/Engineer] 2004 - Rep. Sherwood Boehlert [Government Service (Legislative)] 2004 - Gary Pearce Barnhard [Special Merit - Space Activist of the Year] 2004 - Randall Severy [Special Merit - Space Activist of the Year] 2001 - Leonard David [Mass Media] 2001 - Dr. Robert Farquhar, Mission Director, and the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) Mission Team [Scientist/Engineer] 1998 - George French for MoonLink [Business/Entrepreneur] 1998 - Alan Binder [Scientist/Engineer] 1997 - Greg Allison [Business/Entrepreneur] 1997 - Rep. James Sensenbrenner, for Commercial Space Act of 1997 [Government Service (Legislative)] 1997 - Mars meteorite team [Scientist/Engineer] 1997 - Lori Garver [Special Merit] 1996 - Charlie Chafer [Business/Entrepreneur] 1996 - Jeff Kluger [Mass Media] 1996 - Peter Diamandis [Special Merit] 1995 - Glenn Heinmiller [Mass Media] 1995 - General Daniel Graham [Special Merit] 1995 - Dr. Mark Albrecht [Special Merit] 1994 - Dr. Stewart Nozette [Scientist/Engineer] 1994 - Tim Kyger [Special Merit] 1993 - McDonnell Douglas Space Systems Delta Clipper Team [Business/Corporate] 1993 - Dr. Daniel Goldin [Special Merit] 1992 - Westinghouse Electric Corporation Commercial and Civil Space Division [Business/Corporate] 1992 - Barbara Morgan [Education] 1992 - Sen. Barbara Mikulski [Government Service (Legislative)] 1991 - Women in Aerospace [Public Awareness] 1991 - K. Eric Drexler [Space Development] 1990 - Orbital Sciences Corporation [Business/Corporate] 1990 - Virginia’s Center for Innovative Technology [Business/Entrepreneur] 1990 - Rep. Ron Packard [Government Service (Legislative)] 1990 - Lyman Spitzer, Jr. [Scientist/Engineer] 1989 - 3M Corporation [Business/Corporate] 1989 - James Bennett [Business/Entrepreneur] 1989 - Pat Rawlings [Compelling Art] 1989 - The Challenger Center [Education] 1989 - Sen. Jake Garn [Government Service (Legislative)] 1989 - Wendell Mendell [Scientist/Engineer] 1988 - Gilbert W. Keyes, Boeing [Business/Corporate] 1988 - Byron Lichtenberg [Business/Entrepreneur] 1988 - Dermot Burke and the Princeton Ballet for “A Tribute” [Compelling Art] 1988 - Kamil Naguib, World Aerospace Education Foundation [Education] 1988 - Rep. George Brown, Jr. [Government Service (Legislative)] 1988 - Doug Morrow, Richard MacLeod, U.S. Space Foundation [Mass Media] 1988 - Thomas Rogers [Scientist/Engineer] 1988 - Craig Covault [Wide Media] Space Pioneer Awards Space Pioneer Awards or NSS Space Pioneer Awards are the annual awards given by National Space Society, an independent non-profit educational membership organisation, to individuals and teams who have opened the space frontier. The awards are given in 13 categories and category is awarded each year. India's Mars Orbiter Mission team won 2015 Space Pioneer Award in the science and engineering category."
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"Love That Pup Love That Pup is a 1949 one-reel animated cartoon and is the 44th \"Tom and Jerry\" short released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, produced by Fred Quimby, music scored by Scott Bradley, and animated by Ed Barge, Ray Patterson, Irven Spence, and Kenneth Muse. (This is the first time that Daws Butler voiced Spike the Bulldog in the late 1940s, because he took Billy Bletcher's place as an actor.) This is also the first episode which uses the improvised opening theme song which becomes much more prominent within the 50's and 60's episodes. Spike is sleeping beside his son Tyke when Tyke suddenly wakes up after a nightmare. Then Spike gives his son milk and comforts him back to sleep again. No sooner has Tyke dozed off again than Tom and Jerry enter the scene. Tom runs through a door (literally) and into some spades, rakes and hoes, as Jerry hides among the two dogs. To find Jerry, Tom picks Tyke up to look underneath the puppy. Spike yells out \"\"Hey, you!, That's my boy you got in your hand!\"\" Tom holds up his right hand and sees nothing, then holds up his left hand, and drops Tyke in fear. Tom smiles nervously and attempts to run off, but Spike grabs Tom's whiskers and issues an ultimatum: \"\"Listen pussycat. If I catch you bothering my boy again, I'll tear you apart! Now beat it!\"\" Spike then releases him and Tom flees, crashing into (in turn) a tree, a fountain, a clothesline hanger and then into a trash can. Jerry emerges from Tyke's ear and walks off casually until Tom comes running back. Jerry takes cover by diving into what appears to be Spike's jaw, but he really ducked under the dog's chin. Seeing the dog smack his lips as if having eaten the mouse, Tom then places his hand carefully in Spike's mouth while the dog is sleeping, and Jerry emerges from his hiding place and slams the bulldog's jaws shut with Tom's hand still inside Spike's mouth. Tom yells in pain and leaps a meter back. Spike wakes up as Tom struggles to get his hand out of his mouth, pulling Spike's teeth out in the process. Tom smiles innocently again, and uses Spike's teeth as castanets while doing a Flamenco dance (while clicking to the tune of \"The Mexican Hat Dance\") out of the scene and runs away, dropping the teeth on the bucket. A few moments later, Tom spies Jerry sleeping next to Tyke, now using the dogs as canine shields. Hiding behind Tyke's kennel, he reaches out for Jerry. Jerry quietly moves Tyke's tail into Tom's grip, so that Tom ends up grabbing Tyke. After running off with the little pup, Tom realizes his mistake. He turns around to see a sleeping Spike feeling for Tyke. Tom rushes back into Tyke's place, taking on the role of Tyke. To wake up the dog, Jerry then lifts up Tyke's kennel and slams it on Tom's tail, causing Tom to scream in pain. Spike, mistaking Tom as Tyke, picks him up and pats him on the back as he says \"\"There, there son, Ain't no cat gonna hurt you...no sir\"\", thinking that he is holding Tom's tail until he sees Tyke. Just then, Tyke walks back onto the scene and whimpers. Spike looks at Tom suspiciously. Tom duplicates Tyke's whimpering and barking, but accidentally meows when he tries to duplicate his growl. Spike scowls angrily and ferociously at Tom until he clamps his jaws on the dog's nose and runs away, causing the dog to scream in pain. Tom takes a detour to the side, sets up a rake for the dog to run into if he follows him, and then watches as Spike takes the original route. Knowing he has lost his opponent, he runs back through the detour, but forgets about the rake which ends up slamming him in the face. Tom finally realizes that in order to get Jerry, Spike, who is effectively Jerry's shield, has to be removed from the picture. He does this by dangling a large piece of T-bone steak from a clothesline. A sleeping Spike, holding a shotgun in his arms, senses the delectable piece of meat, and sleepwalks after the steak. Jerry, who had tied himself to Tyke as a precautionary measure, is privy to what Tom is trying to accomplish. All of Jerry's efforts to wake up the mesmerized dog fail, and he ends up getting literally flattened. Tom successfully locks Spike in a garden shed. An evil Tom smiles at Jerry. The horrified Jerry runs, Tom knows he could now attack Jerry without his overprotective shield. Tom catches Jerry, trapping him inside an upturned barrel and hammering a cork in its knothole. However, without Tom noticing, Jerry escapes through the side of the barrel as a free trap area and puts Tyke under the barrel instead. Spike busts himself out of the shed by ripping off the whole front facade and under the impression the cat has been at Tyke again, he rushes up to Tom angrily and demands to know where is his son is (\"\"Where's my boy!? If he's under that barrel, I'll skin ya alive!\"\"), threatening to skin the cat alive if he sees Tyke underneath the barrel by Tom's trick. Tom's confidently starts to lifts up the barrel, thinking that it's Jerry under the barrel until he hears Jerry's whistle, and looks to his side to see Jerry's lying on top of a nearby fence, waving to him. Tom gulps twice in fear, realizing that he is in serious trouble. Spike warns the cat to lift the barrel up. Shivering, Tom nervously attempts to lift the barrel, but just as he does Spike impatiently snatches it up and sees Tyke lying underneath it, wiggling his tail at his father. Without talking, Tom makes a quick flee into the tree, birdbath, and clothes line, but instead of the trash can he is stopped by the bulldog's fist-punch. Tom runs away from him, but Spike corners him and attacks him off-screen. The cat emits loud screams of pain when Spike is attacking him. Later at night, Tom has been literally skinned alive by Spike and is about to revenge by wearing an armor-plated barrel to cover the disappearance of his fur. While standing outside the gate, having been assigned by Spike to guard them with a baseball bat, he looks through the hole in the wall to see if his fur is being used as a cozy rug by the sleeping Spike, Tyke and Jerry, who hangs a \"DO NOT DISTURB\" sign on Spike's ear before falling asleep. DVD Love That Pup Love That Pup is a 1949 one-reel animated cartoon and is the 44th \"Tom and Jerry\" short released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, produced by Fred Quimby, music scored by Scott Bradley, and animated by Ed Barge, Ray Patterson, Irven Spence, and Kenneth Muse. (This is the first time that Daws Butler voiced Spike the Bulldog in the late 1940s, because he took Billy Bletcher's place as an actor.) This is also the"
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"South Hwanghae Province South Hwanghae Province (Hwanghaenamdo; ) is a province in western North Korea. The province was formed in 1954 when the former Hwanghae Province was split into North and South Hwanghae. The provincial capital is Haeju. The province is part of the Haeso region, and is bounded on the west by the Yellow Sea, on the north and east by North Hwanghae province. There are some administrative exclaves of Nampo City in the north of the province. The southern border of the province is marked by the Korean Demilitarized Zone with South Korea. The province draws its name from what were the largest cities in Hwanghae, Haeju and Hwangju; the name, which literally means \"Yellow Sea\" in Korean, also references the Yellow Sea, which forms the province's eastern bound. The coastline of South Hwanghae is dotted by many small islands, many of which are uninhabited. Many of the largest islands, such as Baengnyeong-do are administered by South Korea. The Northern Limit Line, which runs through the region and demarcates a disputed maritime boundary between the north and south, is another frequent subject of contention between the two countries. The largest islands which indisputably belong to North Korea are Kirin-do, Changrin-do, and Sunwi-do. The province, being not very mountainous, is uniquely suited to farming, and is thus often referred to as the \"bread-basket\" of North Korea. Much of the land is devoted to farming, and thus was not hit as hard as other parts of the country during the Arduous March of the 1990s. Many types of vegetables, fruits, grains, and rice are grown on the plains of the region; Kwail County, which means fruit in Korean, was founded to grow orchards. Haeju, the provincial capital, is also the largest port in southern North Korea outside of Wonsan. The area is also home to several ancient burial mounds and cultural relics, such as the Kangsosa Buddhist temple, ancient stone pagodas, and a Koryo-era ice house. There are also many Iron Age dolmen and Koguryo tombs in the province, such as Anak Tomb No. 3 South Hwanghae is divided into 1 city (\"si\") and 19 counties (\"gun\"). These are further divided into villages (\"ri\") in rural areas and \"dong\" (neighborhoods) in cities, which are detailed on each county’s individual page. South Hwanghae Province South Hwanghae Province (Hwanghaenamdo; ) is a province in western North Korea. The province was formed in"
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"Kochadhaman (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Kochadhaman (Vidhan Sabha constituency) () is an assembly constituency in Kishanganj district in the Indian state of Bihar. As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No 55 Kochadhamin (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is composed of the following: Kochadhamin community development block; Belwa, Gachhpara, Chakla, Mehangaon, Daula and Pichhla gram panchayats of Kishanganj CD Block. Kochadhaman (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is part of No 10 Kishanganj (Lok Sabha constituency). In the state assembly elections, Mujahid Alam of JDU won Kochadhaman assembly seat defeating his nearest rival Akhtarul Iman of Rastriye Janata Dal . Mujahid Alam of JDU defeated Akhtarul Iman of AIMIM. Kochadhaman (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Kochadhaman (Vidhan Sabha constituency) () is an assembly constituency in Kishanganj district in the Indian state of Bihar. As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No 55 Kochadhamin (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is composed of the following: Kochadhamin community development block; Belwa, Gachhpara, Chakla, Mehangaon, Daula and Pichhla gram panchayats of Kishanganj CD Block. Kochadhaman (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is part of No 10 Kishanganj (Lok Sabha constituency). In the state assembly elections, Mujahid Alam of JDU won Kochadhaman assembly seat defeating his nearest rival Akhtarul Iman of Rastriye"
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"Steady Eddy Christopher Widdows (born 7 December 1968), known under the stage name of Steady Eddy is an Australian comedian and actor with Cerebral palsy. Initially, Widdows used his disability as the basis for his comedy. Having since made a name for himself, he has branched out beyond humour based solely around his disability. Steady Eddy's career began in 1992 with appearances on Australian TV's Nine Network \"The Midday Show\" and, days later, Seven Network's \"Tonight Live with Steve Vizard\" 1993 saw him touring with his show, \"Ready Steady Go!\" 1994 brought the Melbourne International Comedy Festival where he was rewarded with a Young Australian Achievers Award. He also appeared in the Seven Network TV favourite \"A Country Practice\"'s episode \"There Was a Crooked Man\". In 1999, Steady Eddy was Master of Ceremonies for the national tour by Australian band Midnight Oil. In 2004, Eddy co-starred as Trevor in the Australian made comedy, \"Under the Radar\", alongside upcoming Aussie actors Nathan Phillips, Chloe Maxwell and Clayton Watson. He appeared as a character playing himself (hence under his own name) in the 2007 ABC TV miniseries \"Bastard Boys\". Steady Eddy Christopher Widdows (born 7 December 1968), known under the stage name"
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"Valka Valka (; ) is a town and municipality in northern Latvia, on the border with Estonia along both banks of the river Pedele. Valka and the Estonian town Valga are twins, separated by the Estonian/Latvian border but using the slogan \"One Town, Two Countries\". The border dividing the Livonian town of Walk was marked out in 1920 by an international jury headed by British Colonel Stephen George Tallents. With the expansion of the Schengen Agreement and abolition of the Estonian/Latvian border in 2007, it was announced that common public bus transport would be established between Valka and Valga. Also, all border crossing-points were removed and roads and fences opened. In 2016 it was announced that due to better welfare and higher salaries in Estonia, many Valka inhabitants have registered themselves as inhabitants of Valga. The town of Walk (in German) was first mentioned in 1286 and from 1419 was the seat of the Landtag of the Livonian Confederation. City rights were granted by the Polish king Stefan Batory in 1584. However, the town gained its importance only at the end of the 19th century when the Vidzeme teacher's seminary was operating here, and the important railway junction was developed. Furthermore, the first narrow-gauge railway line in the territory of modern Latvia was stretched from Valka to Estonian city of Pärnu. On November 15, 1917 the decision to proclaim the independent Republic of Latvia was made in Valka. The red-white-red flag of Latvia was raised here for the first time. On July 1, 1920 the town was divided between the newly-born Latvian and Estonian states. There is one primary school and a gymnasium in Valka. The Institute of Latvia-Estonia provides further education. Valka is twinned with seven cities: Valka Valka (; ) is a town and municipality in northern Latvia,"
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"Karl Bitar Karl Bitar was the 9th National Secretary of the Australian Labor Party and former General Secretary of NSW Labor. He now works as an executive for Crown Limited. Between 1999 and 2004, Bitar worked as an organiser for NSW Labor. He was then elevated to Assistant General Secretary of NSW Labor in 2004 before becoming General Secretary in 2007. In his role as General Secretary, Bitar acted as NSW Campaign Director at the 2007 federal election. Bitar then succeeded Tim Gartrell as National Secretary of the Australian Labor Party in 2008. As National Secretary, he oversaw the 2010 Australian federal election campaign which left Labor in minority government. Several sources at the time credited Bitar for the poor result. However, Bitar largely cited other factors, including expectations of a Labor win, the media's failure to properly scrutinise Tony Abbott, the leaks and Mark Latham, as issues that led to the result. The campaign review found his specific efforts in NSW largely helped Labor gain victory. Bitar resigned as National Secretary in 2011. He is a member of the right faction. Bitar is of Lebanese descent and is a Melkite Catholic. Karl Bitar Karl Bitar was the 9th National"
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"retrieved": [
"Work It (TV series) Work It is an American television sitcom that ran on ABC from January 3 to January 10, 2012. The series is set in St. Louis, and is about two men who must dress as women in order to keep a job in a bad economy. The series had received overwhelmingly negative reviews. The series premiere was watched by an American audience of 6.16 million. Ratings dropped to 4.9 million viewers in the second episode, and the series was canceled by ABC on January 13, 2012, following another attempt at a \"man-cession\" comedy called \"Man Up!\" which failed earlier in the season. \"Work It\" centered on men laid off from a fictional St. Louis GM plant after the Pontiac line was phased out, who believe that the current economic recession and job shortage has affected men more than women. One of the men, Lee Standish, inquires about a job opening at Coreco Pharmaceuticals, where he finds that the company employs female sales reps almost exclusively. He then dresses as a woman, applies for the job, and is hired. Character development, starting in the first episode, involves the men learning how to be more \"sensitive\". Lee and Angel's coworkers at Coreco are Kristin, a clingy divorced mother who instantly took a shine to Lee; Kelly, who is far more apt to cavort with men and indulge in drink than to do her job; Grace, the condescending regional sales leader; and Vanessa, the boss, whom the workers wrongly assume is a lesbian, and whom Angel immediately becomes enamored with. In addition to the women at work, the guys have to hide their secret identities from Lee's wife Connie, a nurse who works in a doctor's office; his teenaged daughter Kat; and Connie's brother Brian, who was laid off along with Lee and Angel and now resides in his ex-wife's home. Reception for the series was very negative; it was largely panned by critics and viewers alike. Metacritic gave it a score of 19/100 (overwhelming dislike) based on 22 reviews. Matt Fowler of \"IGN\" gave the pilot episode a score of \"0\", the first television review since 1998 from the company to get a score of \"0\" (according to Fowler). Robert Bianco of \"USA Today\" also did not give it an enthusiastic review, calling it \"witless, tasteless, poorly acted, abominably written, clumsily directed, hideously lit and badly costumed\". He gave it a grade of one star out of four. The \"Pittsburgh Post-Gazette\" reviewer compared the show unfavorably to \"Bosom Buddies\", which had a similar premise. Todd VanDerWerff of \"The A.V. Club\" gave the pilot an F grade, stating, \"Let's just get this out of the way first: \"Work It\" is awful. The grade should indicate that. But it's \"fascinatingly\" awful, in that way where you wonder how the hell something like this got on TV in the year 2012.\" Alan Pergament, formerly of \"The Buffalo News\", expressed surprise that the show even made it to air, stating \"I do recall I couldn't get those 22 minutes of my life back. It was so unfunny and forced that I suspected it would never air.\" LGBT advocacy groups have expressed concerns about \"Work It\", saying that it trivializes the obstacles faced by transgender people in the workplace. Groups that have expressed concern include Human Rights Campaign, the Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Center's Transgender Economic Empowerment Program and the Transgender Law Center. The Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation released a statement that, while acknowledging that the series pilot \"does not explicitly address transgender people\", still concluded that \"[d]uring a period in which the transgender community now routinely finds itself in the cultural crosshairs, the timing couldn’t be worse for a show based on the notion that men dressed as women is inherently funny.\" Frequently cited is the print advertisement for the series, which features two men dressed as women standing at men's room urinals. The pilot was criticized and protests took place at the network offices for a line of dialogue delivered by Amaury Nolasco's character Angel, who claimed that as a Puerto Rican he would \"be great at selling drugs\". The pilot episode scored a 2.0 adults 18-49 rating and 6.160 million viewers. The second and last episode saw a 25% drop in the adults 18-49 demo, scoring only a 1.5. Work It (TV series) Work It is an American television sitcom that ran on ABC from January 3 to January 10, 2012. The series is set in St. Louis, and is about two men who must dress as women in order to keep a job in a bad economy. The series had received overwhelmingly negative reviews. The series premiere was watched by an American audience of 6.16 million. Ratings dropped to 4.9 million viewers in the second episode, and"
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"NAWO NAWO or the National Alliance of Women's Organisations is a London-based umbrella organisation dedicated to promoting women's human rights with a special focus on gender and Europe. It was founded in 1989 and has 140 members, both women's organisations and individuals based in England. NAWO is an NGO, run by a Management Committee made up of its trustees. Its membership is made up of single issue to specialist organisations, faith groups, health centres, arts-based organisations and others offering services and campaigning across a broad range of women's concerns. NAWO recently co-hosted a meeting with Joan Ruddock MP near Parliament Square attended by representatives of key women's organisations and female parliamentarians. The objective of this meeting was to highlight the key issues shared among women's groups and to raise these issues within government. What came out of this discussion was an idea to form a coalition of women's groups called UK Women's Voices. They are also involved in discussions with Iraqi women's organisations and civil society groups, such as Women Living Under Muslim Laws(WLUML) who fear that the new Iraqi Constitution will erode women's rights, as the latest draft states that Sharia law will be the main source of legislation. During 2006, before the Football World Cup in Germany, NAWO campaigned and called on football managers, players and FA officials to make a public statement condemning human trafficking, as approximately 40,000 prostitutes were expected to enter the country during the World Cup, many of whom would have been illegally trafficked into the sex industry. NAWO is currently lobbying on four issues: sexual offending and rape; UN Special Procedures; the trafficking of women and girls; and the UN Gender Architecture. NAWO publishes a newsletter called \"New Update\" every three months; recent topics highleighted have been Women's Human Rights, progress since the 1995 Beijing Platform for Action, Europe and gender equality, Human Trafficking, and Women and Trade. Members also receive a monthly e-bulletin keeping them updated on campaigns and progress. NAWO NAWO or the National Alliance of Women's Organisations is a London-based umbrella organisation dedicated to promoting women's human rights with a special focus on gender and Europe. It was founded in 1989 and has 140 members, both women's organisations and individuals based in England. NAWO is an NGO, run by a Management Committee made up of its trustees. Its membership is made up of single issue to specialist organisations, faith groups,"
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"Ministry of Culture and Sports (Greece) The Ministry of Culture and Sports () is a government department of Greece which is entrusted with the preservation of the country's cultural heritage, the arts, as well as sports, through the subordinate General Secretariat for Sports. The incumbent Minister is Lydia Koniordou. The Deputy Minister of Sports is George Vassiliadis. This ministry was established in 1971 as the Ministry of Culture and Science () and it was renamed the Ministry of Culture (Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού) on 26 July 1985. On 7 October 2009, it was merged with the Ministry of Touristic Development to form the Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Τουρισμού). It ceased to exist on 21 June 2012, when the Ministry of Tourism was re-established and the culture portfolio was absorbed by the Ministry of Education, Lifelong Learning and Religious Affairs to form the Ministry of Education, Religious Affairs, Culture and Sport. The Ministry of Culture and Sport was re-established on 25 June 2013. On 27 January 2015 its area of responsibility was assigned to the Ministry of Culture, Education and Religious Affairs. On 23 September 2015 the Ministry was reintroduced. Ministry of Culture and Sports (Greece) The Ministry of"
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"Deals with Our Devils \"Deals with Our Devils\" is the seventh episode of the fourth season of the American television series \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\", based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement, and Logistics Division), revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his allies, who are trapped between dimensions. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise. The episode was written by DJ Doyle, and directed by Jesse Bochco. Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series, and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, Elizabeth Henstridge, Henry Simmons, and John Hannah. \"Deals with Our Devils\" originally aired on ABC on November 29, 2016, and according to Nielsen Media Research, was watched by 4.63 million viewers within a week of its release. Coulson, Fitz and Robbie are trapped out of sync with reality, unable to interact with the real world, with no-one else able to see, hear or touch them. They are being drawn to another dimension, which Robbie describes as Hell, revealing that the Ghost Rider spirit has been there before. Killing several agents using his new powers, Morrow escapes, while the Ghost Rider spirit, unwilling to return to 'Hell', abandons Robbie and instead possesses Mack, just as he learns Morrow was allied with the Chinese Watchdogs, having recruited them to retrieve the ghost scientists and find the Darkhold. Mack hunts down the remaining Chinese gang members, and Daisy pursues him, unknowingly accompanied by Robbie, who convinces the spirit to return to him and help him exact revenge on Morrow, in exchange for Robbie continuing to serve as the spirit's host afterwards. May decides to use the Darkhold to rescue Coulson, Fitz and Robbie, and enlists Radcliffe to read the Darkhold, but he finds the contents are too overwhelming for the human brain to perceive. AIDA suggests she reads it instead, revealing her android nature to May (and Coulson), and with the magical knowledge she learns from the book, she builds a machine that opens a dimensional portal, through which Coulson, Fitz and Robbie return. Meanwhile, Simmons frees Vijay from his Terrigen cocoon by touching it, at which point Nadeer immediately has her removed. Upon returning to the Playground she reunites with Fitz, who learned of the deal Mace made with Nadeer while out of sync. In an end tag, AIDA secretly begins experimenting with her new knowledge from the Darkhold, creating an artificial brain. In November 2016, Marvel revealed that the seventh episode of the season would be titled \"Deals with Our Devils\", to be written by DJ Doyle, with Jesse Bochco directing. Main cast members Clark Gregg as Phil Coulson, Ming-Na Wen as Melinda May, Chloe Bennet as Daisy Johnson / Quake, Iain De Caestecker as Leo Fitz, Elizabeth Henstridge as Jemma Simmons, Henry Simmons as Alphonso \"Mack\" MacKenzie, and John Hannah as Holden Radcliffe were confirmed to be starring in the episode. Also revealed was the guest cast for the episode, including Jason O'Mara as Director Jeffrey Mace, Gabriel Luna as Robbie Reyes, Mallory Jansen as Aida, Manish Dayal as man, Alexander Wraith as Agent Anderson, Lorenzo James Henrie as Gabe Reyes, Maximilian Osinski as Agent Davis, Patrick Cavanaugh as Burrows, Jose Zuniga as Eli Morrow, Blaise Miller as Agent Nathanson, Arnell Powell as scientist, Lance Broadway as Tac Team Leader and David An as Zhi. O'Mara, Luna, Jansen, Wraith, Henrie, Osinski, Cavanaugh, Zuniga, and Miller reprise their roles from earlier in the series. \"Deals with Our Devils\" was first aired in the United States on ABC on November 29, 2016. It began streaming on Netflix, along with the rest of the fourth season, on June 15, 2017. In the United States the episode received a 0.8/3 percent share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49, meaning that it was seen by 0.8 percent of all households, and 3 percent of all of those watching television at the time of the broadcast. It was watched by 2.41 million viewers. Within a week of its release, \"Deals with Our Devils\" had been watched by 4.63 million U.S. viewers, above the season average of 4.22 million. The episode was nominated for best Dialogue/ADR in Television – Short Form at the 64th Golden Reel Awards. Deals with Our Devils \"Deals with Our Devils\" is the seventh episode of the fourth season of the American television series \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\", based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement, and Logistics Division), revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his allies, who are trapped between dimensions. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise. The episode was written by DJ Doyle, and directed by Jesse"
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"Tevita Koloamatangi Tevita Koloamatangi (born 7 September 1988) is a New Zealand rugby union player, currently playing for Mazda Blue Zoomers in the Top Challenge League in Japan. As a result of his showings during the 2013 ITM Cup, Koloamatangi was named in the wider training squad ahead of the 2014 Super Rugby season. Good pre-season form coupled with injuries to more established loose-forwards such as Sam Cane and Tanerau Latimer saw Koloamatangi make his debut in week 1 of the season, an 18-10 victory away to the . In February 2017 he was signed by English Championship side London Irish until the end of the season. Koloamatangi attended Nelson College in 2006. Tevita Koloamatangi Tevita Koloamatangi (born 7 September 1988) is a New Zealand rugby union player, currently playing for Mazda Blue Zoomers in the Top Challenge League in Japan. As a result of his showings during the 2013 ITM Cup, Koloamatangi was named in the wider training squad ahead of the 2014 Super Rugby season. Good pre-season form coupled with injuries to more established loose-forwards such as Sam Cane and Tanerau Latimer saw Koloamatangi make his debut in week 1 of the season, an 18-10 victory away to"
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"Henderson Secondary School Henderson Secondary School (Abbreviation: HSS) was a mixed/co-ed, single session, government school in Bukit Merah, Singapore. It was located at 100 Henderson Road, Singapore 159544. It was closed and merged with Bukit Merah Secondary School in 2017. Henderson Secondary School was established in 1974 on Friendly Hill at Preston Road, headed by Gan Kee Soon. In 1976, the new school compound, which cost more than S$2 million to build, was officially opened by the then-Parliamentary Secretary for Home Affairs Lim Guan Hoo. In the year 1994, the school shifted to a temporary holding campus in Queensway to make way for the rebuilding of the campus in Henderson Road. Three years later, the school held a homecoming event where all the students and the principal took a walk from the temporary school back to the new campus. In 2017, Henderson Secondary was merged into Bukit Merah Secondary due to reduced enrolment in both schools. The school was host to twenty visiting students from Pengiran Jaya Negara Pengiran Haji Abdulud Bakar Secondary School in Brunei. 2007 was the first time that this cultural trip had taken place with secondary students. Henderson Secondary School excelled in many sporting activities. During Mrs Ho Woon Ho's tenure as Principal, sporting CCAs were cultivated strongly into the students lifestyle. This is an initiative to keep students away from drugs and illegal activities. Cross-country running and swimming were sporting events in which the school performed well at a national level. From cross-country, Henry Wong had always ranked within the top 10 in the school nationals competition. From swimming, Fu Chuanyao Henry won 2 bronze medals in the school national competition for the B division and A division. He initially started off as a breaststroker, but slowly developed into a freestyle sprint specialist. He stills actively swim and participates in Masters competition. In the recent SEAP masters competition, he showed his tenacity despite his age, claiming 2 golds and a silver Henderson Secondary School Henderson Secondary School (Abbreviation: HSS) was a mixed/co-ed, single session, government school in Bukit Merah, Singapore. It was located at 100 Henderson Road, Singapore 159544. It was closed and merged with Bukit Merah Secondary School in 2017. Henderson Secondary School was established in 1974 on Friendly Hill at Preston Road, headed by Gan Kee Soon. In 1976, the new school compound, which cost more than S$2 million to build, was officially"
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"retrieved": [
"Tōbu Tōjō Line The is a 75.0 km suburban railway line in Japan which runs from Ikebukuro Station in Toshima, Tokyo to Yorii Station in Yorii, Saitama, operated by the private railway operator Tobu Railway. Its official name is the , but it is referred to as on Tobu signage and publicity information. The Tojo Line and Tobu Ogose Line branch are isolated from other Tobu lines, such as the Isesaki Line and Nikko Line. There was a plan to connect between Nishiarai on the Isesaki Line and Kami-Itabashi on the Tojo Line, but this was never built. The name of the line comes from the original plan to construct a line linking with (an old province now Gunma Prefecture). Abbreviations: The main maintenance depot for the line is Shinrinkoen Depot, to the north of Shinrinkoen Station. This opened in March 1971, and as of December 2013 has an allocation of 678 vehicles (the entire fleet used on the Tojo Line and Ogose Line). A smaller maintenance depot is also located at Kawagoe, on the south side of Kawagoeshi Station. This was the main maintenance depot from the time the line first opened in 1914 until the larger facility at Shinrinkoen was built in 1971. Kawagoe Depot still carries out lighter maintenance and inspection duties. A stabling yard is located to the south of Shimo-Itabashi Station. Built in 1935, this is capable of stabling eight 10-car trains, and is used for stabling trains close to Ikebukuro outside the peak hours. The line is operated by two-person crews (except for the section between Ogawamachi and Yorii, which is one-person operated). Crews report to either Shiki, Kawagoeshi, or Shinrinkōen stations. Mainline crew changeovers take place in Ikebukuro Station, Wakōshi Station, Kawagoeshi Station, or Shinrinkōen Station. Changeovers at Wakōshi are only for through trains from Tokyo Metro lines, where Tobu Railway and Tokyo Metro crews change each other. Crews may have to travel by scheduled trains in order to reach a handover point, particularly crews picking up trains in Wakōshi, or Shiki crews. Handovers in Ikebukuro are to facilitate short turnaround times while allowing crews to take brief breaks. On 1 May 1914, the opened the 33.5 km section between Ikebukuro and (located between the present stations of Kawagoeshi and Kasumigaseki). The Tokyo terminus of the line was originally planned to be at , and this is where, even today, the \"0 km\" post for the line is located (with Ikebukuro Station marked by km post \"-1.9\"). The section from Shimo-Itabashi to Ikebukuro was initially treated as a light railway extension of the main line. Two years later, the line was extended 9.2 km from Kawagoemachi (now Kawagoeshi) to Sakadomachi (now Sakado), and at the same time, the section between Kawagoemachi and Tanomosawa was abandoned. In 1920, the Tojo Railway was absorbed into the Tobu Railway, and in 1923, the line was extended 13.4 km from Sakadomachi to Ogawamachi. In 1925, the line was further extended 10.8 km from Ogawamachi to Yorii, completing the present-day Tobu Tojo Line. While the original plan had been to extend the line as far as Gunma Prefecture, the connection at Yorii did at least allow for through operations via the Chichibu Railway. The line from Ikebukuro to Yorii was electrified in October 1929. The 10.9 km Ogose Line from Sakadomachi to Ogose was not opened until much later, in 1943. With the steadily growing population along the line, trains were gradually increased in length to the maximum 10 cars seen today, and the original single track was doubled and even quadrupled in some places (between Wakōshi and Shiki). The line from Ikebukuro to Yorii covers a total distance of 75 km. The Ikebukuro to Shiki section was double-tracked between 1935 and 1937, extended to Kawagoe in 1954, to Higashi-Matsuyaa between 1965 and 1968, to Shinrinkoen in 1977, and to Musashi-Ranzan between 2002 and 2005. In 1949, \"Flying Tojo\" limited express services commenced, running between Ikebukuro and on the Chichibu Railway, initially using 5310 series EMUs with transverse seating, and taking approximately two hours. The name was inspired by the \"Flying Scotsman\" express train service running in Britain. This service continued until December 1967. Steam for freight haulage on the line was finally withdrawn in 1959. Freight services ceased in 1986. In 1987, the Yurakucho Line reached Wakōshi, allowing through-running from Kawagoeshi on the Tobu Tojo Line to the then terminus of Shintomichō (later extended further east to the present terminus of Shinkiba). From the start of the revised timetable on 14 June 2008, new limited-stop evening \"TJ Liner\" services commenced using new 50090 series rolling stock. Six down services operate on weekdays, with four at weekends. Trains from Ikebukuro stop at Fujimino, Kawagoe, Kawagoeshi, Sakado, Higashi-Matsuyama, and Shinrinkōen, with some services continuing to Ogawamachi stopping at Tsukinowa and Musashiranzan stations. \"Limited Express\" services were discontinued and replaced by new services. Daytime express services were increased from four to five per hour, and semiexpress services were reduced from four to three per hour. All trains operating out of Ikebukuro are standardized as 10-car trains. From this date, the maximum line speed was increased from to . From the start of the revised timetable on 5 March 2011, \"TJ Liner\" services were increased from six to nine on weekday evenings. The irregularly spaced daytime express services were adjusted to run at 12-minute intervals, and semi-express services were adjusted to run at 20-minute intervals. From 17 March 2012, station numbering was introduced on all Tobu lines. Tobu Tojo Line and Ogose Line stations were numbered prefixed with the letters \"TJ\". From 10 September 2012, 10-car 5050-4000 series sets entered revenue service on the Tobu Tojo Line, with inter-running through to the Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line. From the start of the revised timetable on 16 March 2013, through running via the Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line was extended beyond Shibuya over the Tokyu Toyoko Line and Minatomirai Line to in Yokohama. New \"Rapid\" services were introduced, with the previous daytime off-peak pattern of five Express services hourly changed to four Express and two Rapid services per hour in each direction. Following the revised timetable introduced on 26 March 2016, through services to and from in Yokohama, running via the Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line were extended to Shinrinkoen, and upgraded to \"Express\" status, branded as \"F Liner\". Weekday morning \"TJ Liner\" services were introduced in the up direction to Ikebukuro. Morning services were discontinued from this date. Tōbu Tōjō Line The is a 75.0 km suburban railway line in Japan which runs from Ikebukuro Station in Toshima, Tokyo to Yorii Station in Yorii,"
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"retrieved": [
"Idlewild (Media, Pennsylvania) Idlewild is a historic building near Media, Pennsylvania, designed by the Victorian-era Philadelphia architect Frank Furness as a summer cottage for his family. He spent summers there until his death in 1912. The house was built about 1890 on the grounds of the Idlewild Hotel, which Furness had designed in 1886. The home was Furness' payment for his design of the hotel. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in May 2013. The Furnesses lived in Philadelphia during the winter, but summered in more informal cottages. Prior to 1892, they summered in Cape May, New Jersey, in a house he did not design. Furness died at \"Idlewild\" in 1912. \"Idlewild\" is constructed with a stone basement and brick first floor. The upper floors are framed in wood and clad with cedar shingles. It has a wrap-around covered porch, high-ceilinged rooms, and an irregular roofline with variously shaped windows and eyebrow dormers. Furness placed the service rooms and front and back stairs (with a shared landing, as at the Emlen Physick House) at the front. This increases the privacy of the rooms behind, and the visual interplay between the differing scales of the \"service tower\" and main house gives vibrancy to the façade. The \"chronic eccentricity\" of his ornament in other buildings is \"rather restrained\" here. But the complex façade both expresses function and presents the viewer with a puzzle to decipher. \"For his own house in Media, [Furness] shrank the plan of the contemporary University Library, and erected over it a stone, brick, and shingle house.\" — James F. O'Gorman. The basic form of the house – a multi-storied, semicircular apse springing from an anchoring block, with the entrance at their juncture – is closely related to Furness's 1888 design for the University of Pennsylvania Library (now the Fisher Fine Arts Library). In the library, the architect placed the grand staircase in a tower at the front, separating circulation to the building's upper stories from the reading rooms behind. The library's two-story, ovoid-shaped Rotunda Reading Room is wrapped by an arcing cluster of one-story seminar rooms. \"Idlewild'\"s porch echoes this, wrapping around the house's ovoid parlor. Furness played with similar volumes in his design for the Bryn Mawr Hotel (1890-91). The library has been described as \"a collision between a cathedral and a train station.\" \"See main article: Frank Furness\" \"Idlewild\" is located at the top of Gayley Hill in Upper Providence Township just south of the borough of Media. This was a mile west of \"Lindenshade,\" the Wallingford summer house of his brother, Shakespearean scholar Horace Howard Furness. It was also a short walk to the Moylan-Rose Valley train station, which enabled him to commute to his architectural office in Philadelphia. Some projects completed by Furness in the area at the same time as Idelewild (1888-1891) include: Idlewild (Media, Pennsylvania) Idlewild is a historic building near Media, Pennsylvania, designed by the Victorian-era Philadelphia architect Frank Furness as a summer cottage for his family."
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"retrieved": [
"Ian Hamilton (footballer, born 1950) Ian Michael \"Chico\" Hamilton (born 31 October 1950) is an English former footballer who played as a midfielder. He made more than 300 appearances in the Football League playing for Chelsea, Southend United, Aston Villa and Sheffield United, and more than 100 in the North American Soccer League for Minnesota Kicks and San Jose Earthquakes. He was nicknamed \"Chico\" after the jazz drummer. Hamilton joined Chelsea as a junior and became the Stamford Bridge club's youngest ever player and goalscorer at 16 years, 138 days when he scored against Tottenham Hotspur on his debut, on 18 March 1967, a feat which earned comparisons with another famous Chelsea striker who also scored on his debut against Spurs – Jimmy Greaves. Thereafter he played only four more first-team games for Chelsea, spending the 1968–69 season with Southend United before moving to Aston Villa in 1968. At Villa he carved out a long career as a midfielder, helping the club win the Third Division title in 1972, and playing in two League Cup finals – they lost in 1971 and won in 1975. After two seasons with Sheffield United, Hamilton became one of many British footballers who ended their careers in the North American Soccer League, where he played for Minnesota Kicks and San Jose Earthquakes. After he finished his professional career, he spent 17 years as boys' soccer coach at Thomas Worthington High School, in Worthington, Ohio, returning after a seven-year gap to coach girls' soccer. Ian Hamilton (footballer, born 1950) Ian Michael \"Chico\" Hamilton (born 31 October 1950) is an English former footballer who played as a midfielder. He made more than 300 appearances in the Football League playing for Chelsea, Southend United, Aston Villa and Sheffield United, and more than 100 in the North American"
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"retrieved": [
"The Emperor's New Clothes (2001 film) The Emperor's New Clothes is a 2001 film that was adapted from Simon Leys's novel \"The Death of Napoleon\". Directed by Alan Taylor, the film stars Ian Holm as Napoleon (his third performance as that person, after \"Napoleon and Love\" and \"Time Bandits\") and Eugene Lenormand, a Napoleon look-alike, Iben Hjejle as Nicole 'Pumpkin' Truchaut and Tim McInnerny as Dr. Lambert. The plot re-invents the history surrounding Napoleon Bonaparte's exile to St. Helena following his defeat at Waterloo. In 2002, it won the Audience Award for Best International Feature Film at the Florida Film Festival. In 1821, Napoleon Bonaparte (Holm), after six years in exile on the isle of St. Helena, has a plan to escape. Switching places with lowly French deckhand Eugene Lenormand (Holm again), Napoleon will make his way to Paris, at which time Eugene will announce the switch, allowing Napoleon to reclaim his throne. However, the plan quickly goes awry: the ship Napoleon is serving on abruptly changes its itinerary and docks in Belgium instead of France. Having to make his way to France by land (and gaining an appalling look at the tourist trap the Battlefield of Waterloo has become), he is finally met at the French border by a loyal agent, Sgt. Bommell (Clive Russell), formerly of the French Imperial Guard. Bommell gives him the name of another agent in Paris he can trust, Lt. Truchaut. Arriving in Paris, Napoleon is surprised to find that Truchaut has recently died. Passing himself off as an old comrade of the Lieutenant, Napoleon accepts the hospitality of Truchaut's widow, Nicole, whom everyone calls \"Pumpkin\" (Hjejle), and makes the acquaintance of her other lodger, Dr. Lambert (McInnerny) and her adopted young son, Gerard. The crucial flaw in the plan reveals itself when, back on St. Helena, Eugene decides he likes living in the relative luxury of Napoleon's exile, and refuses to reveal the switch. Napoleon's French entourage find themselves unexpectedly powerless, as Eugene stuffs his face with sweets, dictates his own bawdy version of Napoleon's official memoirs, and even manages to convince his British captors that he is the true Napoleon. With no news from St. Helena, Napoleon is drawn into Pumpkin's life. When her fruit-selling business is on the brink of failure, he applies his own talents for planning and organization, and the business becomes prosperous again. As affection develops between Napoleon and Pumpkin, Dr. Lambert, who had designs on Pumpkin himself, jealously searches for some kind of dirt on \"Eugene.\" Going through his bedroom, Lambert is shocked to find a small cameo portrait of Napoleon's young son, and realizes who \"Eugene\" really is. On St. Helena, Eugene abruptly drops dead of some kind of stomach complaint (in real-life, Napoleon reportedly died of gastric cancer). Quickly realizing that the dead man on the island is not Napoleon, the British garrison commander lays out their options: either they announce the fraud, and commit themselves to heinous punishment, or else they maintain that \"what we have here is a dead emperor\" and so everything is well. When \"Napoleon's\" death is announced throughout France, the real Napoleon abruptly remembers his original plan and announces to Pumpkin that it is time for him to take his rightful place on the French throne. To his fury, Pumpkin is horrified and dismisses him as a delusional lunatic, pleading with him that she loves Eugene, and hates Napoleon. With no loyalist agent in Paris to vouch for his identity, Napoleon finds himself an Emperor without an army, or a friend. He is reduced to going to Dr. Lambert, who he realizes stole the portrait, and demanding it back. When he demands to be told \"who I am,\" Lambert retorts, \"I will show you.\" In revenge for being beaten to Pumpkin's affections, Lambert lures Napoleon onto the grounds of a sanitorium, where it seems every patient is dressed up as Napoleon, and pretending to be him. Lambert withdraws, expecting the real Napoleon to be rounded up by the attendants, but a shaken Napoleon escapes the grounds by climbing over the wall, suffering a nasty cut on his hand from the chevaux de frise on top. Lambert drops the cameo down a sewer grate. Emotionally and physically exhausted, Napoleon returns home to Pumpkin's house. She lovingly tends his wounds, and whispers in his ear, \"you are my Napoleon.\" While Gerard is looking at a pictorial account of Napoleon's life on a magic lantern, Napoleon tells him the story of what really happened. It seems that Gerard, if no one else, believes Napoleon's story. Deciding that he is happiest living a simple life with Pumpkin, Napoleon destroys all his mementos of his former life, except his old Imperial Guard uniform, which he leaves at the local military post as a gift for Sgt. Bommell, with a message that \"Eugene Lenormand has moved on.\" An after-note states that Napoleon Bonaparte lived out the rest of his life in Paris and was buried next to Pumpkin; while Eugene Lenormand's body was brought back to Paris and interred with high honors in Les Invalides. The film received generally positive reception, holding a 73% \"fresh\" rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 85 reviews. In June 2006, Simon Leys stated in the afterword of a new edition of \"Death of Napoleon\" that \"This latter avatar [\"The Emperor's New Clothes\"], by the way, was both sad and funny: sad, because Napoleon was interpreted to perfection by an actor (Ian Holm) whose performance made me dream of what could have been achieved had the producer and director bothered to read the book.\" The Emperor's New Clothes (2001 film) The Emperor's New Clothes is a 2001 film that was adapted from Simon Leys's novel \"The Death of Napoleon\". Directed by Alan Taylor, the film stars Ian Holm as Napoleon (his third performance as that person, after \"Napoleon and Love\" and \"Time Bandits\") and Eugene Lenormand, a Napoleon look-alike, Iben Hjejle as Nicole 'Pumpkin' Truchaut and Tim McInnerny as Dr. Lambert."
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"retrieved": [
"Tobias Schneider Tobias Schneider (born 23 July 1981, Berlin) is a German speedskater. He is employed by the German Army as a \"Sportsoldat\" (sports soldier). His best distances are the longer ones, the 5,000 m and 10,000 m, but he is also among the best current German allround skaters. On 25 November 2006 at the World Cup in Moscow he set a new German record on the 10,000 m with 13:16.36. This also made him the highest ranked German speedskater on the Adelskalender – a year later he was surpassed by Robert Lehmann, however. In 2006 he was selected as \"deutscher Eisschnellläufer des Jahres\" (German speedskater of the year). As of January 2008, his personal records are 36.94 (500-m), 1:45.82 (1,500 m), 6:21.55 (5,000 m) and 13:16.36 (10,000 m), and his Adelskalender rank is #26. Tobias Schneider Tobias Schneider (born 23 July 1981, Berlin) is a German speedskater. He is employed by the German Army as a \"Sportsoldat\" (sports soldier). His best distances are the longer ones, the 5,000 m and 10,000 m, but he is also among the best current German allround skaters. On 25 November 2006 at the World Cup in Moscow he set a new German record"
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"retrieved": [
"Pierre Paul-Hus Pierre Paul-Hus is a Canadian politician, who was elected to represent the riding of Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles in the House of Commons of Canada in the Canadian federal election, 2015. Paul-Hus is a graduate of political science at Laval University and owner of PRESTIGE Media Group. He is also Vice President and of Sélections mondiales des vins - Canada (the largest wine competition in North America) for 11 years. Paul-Hus is a military officer (Reserve) and a graduate of the Canadian Army Command and Staff College in Kingston, Ontario and the Ecole Militaire in Paris, where he also taught. In 1987, when Paul-Hus graduated from high school, he enlisted and joined the Régiment de la Chaudière, reserve unit of the Canadian Armed Forces. During the 22 years of his military service, he has conducted two operational missions: one in Goose Bay, Labrador, under the aegis of NATO, and the second in Cyprus to the United Nations. In 2011, Paul-Hus finished third for the Conservative Party in Louis-Hébert. He ran again in 2015, in the riding of Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles and was successful, defeating Incumbent Anne-Marie Day. He is currently serving as the Official Opposition Shadow Minister for Public safety and Emergency preparedness. He is Vice-Chair of the Standing Committee on Public Safety and National Security. In addition, he is also Vice-Chairman of the Defense and Security Committee of the NATO Parliamentary Association. Pierre Paul-Hus Pierre Paul-Hus is a Canadian politician, who was elected to represent the riding of Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles in the House of Commons of Canada in the Canadian federal election, 2015. Paul-Hus is a graduate of political science at Laval University and owner of PRESTIGE Media Group. He is also Vice President and of Sélections mondiales des vins - Canada (the largest wine competition in North America) for 11 years. Paul-Hus"
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"retrieved": [
"Battle of the Denmark Strait The Battle of the Denmark Strait was a naval engagement on 24 May 1941 in the Second World War, between ships of the Royal Navy and the German \"Kriegsmarine\". The British battleship and the battlecruiser fought the German battleship and the heavy cruiser , which were attempting to break out into the North Atlantic to attack Allied merchant shipping (Operation Rheinübung). Less than 10 minutes after the British opened fire, a shell from \"Bismarck\" struck \"Hood\" near her aft ammunition magazines. Soon afterwards, \"Hood\" exploded and sank within three minutes, with the loss of all but three of her crew. \"Prince of Wales\" continued to exchange fire with \"Bismarck\" but suffered serious malfunctions in her main armament. The British battleship had only just been completed in late March 1941, and used new quadruple gun turrets that were unreliable. Therefore, the \"Prince of Wales\" soon broke off the engagement. The battle was considered a tactical victory for the Germans but its impact was short-lived; the damage done to \"Bismarck's\" forward fuel tanks forced the abandonment of the breakout and an attempt to escape to dry dock facilities in occupied France, producing an operational victory for the British. Incensed by the loss of \"Hood\", a large British force pursued and sank \"Bismarck\" three days later. The two German ships were expected to sail westward and break through the Greenland-Iceland-UK (GIUK) gap. While passing neutral Sweden in the Baltic Sea, the ships were spotted and reported by the Swedish cruiser and patrol planes; these reports were intercepted by the British embassy, allowing Royal Navy ships to watch their probable route. Due to cloud and rain, aircraft scheduled to assist in the search could not do so when the German ships attempted their breakout. On the evening of 23 May, despite the advantage of inclement weather to cloak the German's presence, the two ships were spotted steaming at , by the British heavy cruisers and . These cruisers—each carrying eight 8-inch guns—were patrolling the Denmark Strait under the command of Rear-Admiral Frederic Wake-Walker. With the help of \"Suffolk\"s newly installed radar the cruisers shadowed the German ships, reporting on their movements throughout the night. The next morning, at the exit to the Strait between Iceland and Greenland a force of eight British ships was in place, to intercept the Germans. The British fleet included the battleship \"Prince of Wales\", the battlecruiser and a screen of six destroyers, under the command of Vice-Admiral Lancelot Holland in \"Hood\". \"Prince of Wales\" was a newly commissioned \"King George V\"-class battleship, similar to \"Bismarck\" in size and power. \"Prince of Wales\" had not yet been properly \"shaken down\", and her crew was inexperienced. She still had mechanical problems, especially with her main armament. The ship had sailed with shipyard workers still aboard working on her. For 20 years after her commissioning in 1920, \"Hood\" was the largest and heaviest warship in the world. Combining eight massive BL 15 inch Mk I naval guns with a top speed greater than any battleship on the sea, \"Hood\" was the pride of Great Britain's navy, and embodied the world dominance of British naval power. Despite this, \"Hood\" had one conspicuous flaw as compared to the super-dreadnought battleships she served alongside: as a battlecruiser, much of her bulk was dedicated to extra engine power instead of comprehensive armour coverage. This was in accordance with the prevailing theory originally propounded by First Sea Lord Jackie Fisher that \"speed is armour\". While her 12-inch belt armour was considered sufficient against most capital ships she was likely to encounter, her 3 inches of deck armour was only rated against shell splinters, leaving her badly unprotected against plunging fire at long range. At the time of her commissioning in World War I, naval gunnery was severely inaccurate at the ranges necessary to produce plunging fire, and \"Hood's\" greater speed and maneuverability were seen as an acceptable trade-off. However, as the accuracy of naval gunfire increased in the inter-war period, \"Hood\" was eventually scheduled to receive an upgrade in 1939 that would have doubled her deck armour to 6 inches, but the outbreak of World War II meant the upgrade never took place. She thus sortied to war at a marked disadvantage against the new capital ships of the Axis. Aware of \"Hood\"'s inadequate protective armour, distant to the southeast of where the battle took place, Vice-Admiral Holland's superior (Admiral Sir John Tovey) deliberated on ordering Vice-Admiral Holland to have \"Prince of Wales\" sail ahead of \"Hood\". With the ships in this position, Admiral Tovey concluded the better-protected \"Prince of Wales\" could draw the German battleships' large-shell gunfire. Ultimately, Admiral Tovey did not give the order, later saying \"I did not feel such interference with such a senior officer justified.\" Vice-Admiral Holland's battle plan was to have \"Hood\" and \"Prince of Wales\" engage \"Bismarck\" while \"Suffolk\" and \"Norfolk\" engaged \"Prinz Eugen\" (which, Holland assumed, still steamed behind \"Bismarck\" and not ahead of her). He signalled this to Captain John C. Leach of \"Prince of Wales\" but did not radio Rear Admiral Wake-Walker, who as Commander of the 1st Cruiser Squadron directed \"Suffolk\" and \"Norfolk\", for fear of disclosing his location. Instead, he observed radio silence. Holland hoped to meet the enemy at approximately 02:00. Sunset in this latitude was at 01:51 (ship's clocks were four hours ahead of local time). \"Bismarck\" and \"Prinz Eugen\" would be silhouetted against the sun's afterglow while \"Hood\" and \"Prince of Wales\" could approach rapidly, unseen in the darkness, to a range close enough not to endanger \"Hood\" with plunging fire from \"Bismarck\". The Germans would not expect an attack from this quarter, giving the British the advantage of surprise. The plan's success depended on \"Suffolk\"s continually unbroken contact with the German ships. However, \"Suffolk\" lost contact from 00:28. For 90 minutes, Holland neither sighted the German ships nor received any further news from \"Norfolk\" or \"Suffolk\". Reluctantly, Holland ordered \"Hood\" and \"Prince of Wales\" to turn south-southwest but he detached his destroyers which continued searching to the north. Before contact was re-established, the two squadrons missed each other narrowly. Had the German ships not altered course to the west at 01:41 to follow the line of the Greenland icepack, the British would have intercepted them much earlier than they did. The British destroyers were just to the southeast when the Germans made this course change. If the visibility had not been reduced to , the German vessels would probably have been spotted (since generally on a calm, clear day ship lookouts can observe large objects and ships about 12 miles (19 km) distant on the horizon. And if the ship's lookouts are in a crow's nest, the observable distance is even further). Just before 03:00, \"Suffolk\" regained contact with \"Bismarck\". \"Hood\" and \"Prince of Wales\" were away, slightly ahead of the Germans. Holland signalled to steer toward the Germans and increased speed to . \"Suffolk\"s loss of contact had placed the British at a disadvantage. Instead of the swiftly closing head-on approach Holland had envisioned, he would have to converge at a wider angle, much more slowly. This would leave \"Hood\" vulnerable to \"Bismarck\"s plunging shells for a much longer period. The situation worsened further when, at 03:20, \"Suffolk\" reported that the Germans had made a further course alteration to the west, placing the German and British squadrons almost abeam of each other. At 05:35, lookouts on \"Prince of Wales\" spotted the German ships away. The Germans, already alerted to the British presence through their hydrophonic equipment, picked up the smoke and masts of the British ships 10 minutes later. At this point, Holland",
"steer toward the Germans and increased speed to . \"Suffolk\"s loss of contact had placed the British at a disadvantage. Instead of the swiftly closing head-on approach Holland had envisioned, he would have to converge at a wider angle, much more slowly. This would leave \"Hood\" vulnerable to \"Bismarck\"s plunging shells for a much longer period. The situation worsened further when, at 03:20, \"Suffolk\" reported that the Germans had made a further course alteration to the west, placing the German and British squadrons almost abeam of each other. At 05:35, lookouts on \"Prince of Wales\" spotted the German ships away. The Germans, already alerted to the British presence through their hydrophonic equipment, picked up the smoke and masts of the British ships 10 minutes later. At this point, Holland had the option of joining \"Suffolk\" in shadowing \"Bismarck\" and waiting for Tovey to arrive with \"King George V\" and other ships to attack or to order his squadron into action. He chose the latter at 05:37. The rough seas in the Strait kept the destroyers' role to a minimum and the cruisers \"Norfolk\" and \"Suffolk\" would be too far behind the German force to reach the battle. \"Hood\" opened fire at 05:52 at a distance of approximately . Holland had ordered firing to begin on the leading ship, \"Prinz Eugen\", believing from her position that she was \"Bismarck\". Holland soon amended his order and directed both ships to engage the rear ship, \"Bismarck\". \"Prince of Wales\" had already identified and engaged \"Bismarck\", whereas \"Hood\" is believed to have continued to fire at \"Prinz Eugen\" for some time. Holland was a gunnery expert; he was well aware of the danger posed by \"Hood\"s weak horizontal protection and wanted to reduce the range as quickly as possible. At a shorter range, the trajectory of \"Bismarck\"s shells would be flatter and they would be more likely to hit the sides of the ship rather than the deck or to glance off the top deck. Holland closed the range at an angle that placed the German ships too far forward of the beam, which meant that only 10 of the 18 British heavy guns could train and presented the Germans with a bigger target than necessary. One of \"Prince of Wales\" forward guns became unserviceable after the first salvo, leaving only 9 still firing. \"Suffolk\" and \"Norfolk\" tried to engage \"Bismarck\" during the action but both were out of range and an insufficient speed advantage over \"Bismarck\" rapidly to close the range. The Germans also had the weather gauge, meaning that the British ships were steaming into the wind, spray drenching the lenses of \"Prince of Wales\" \"A\" turret's Barr and Stroud coincidence rangefinder and both British ships' \"B\" turret rangefinders. The shorter based () ones in the director towers had to be used instead. Holland had \"Prince of Wales\" stay close to \"Hood\", conforming to \"Hood\"s movements instead of varying course and speed, which made it easier for the Germans to find the range to both British ships. It would have aided Holland's gunners if they had both fired upon \"Bismarck\" as originally planned, since they could time precisely each other's salvos to avoid mistaking one ship's fire for the other. The British could also use \"Concentration Fire\", where both ships' main armament salvos would be controlled by one ship's fire control computer—probably \"Prince of Wales\" modern Admiralty Fire Control Table. \"Prince of Wales\" struck her target first. She would ultimately hit \"Bismarck\" three times. One shell struck the commander's boat and put the seaplane catapult amidships out of action (the latter damage not being discovered until much later, during an attempt to fly off the ship's War Diary on the eve of her final battle). The second shell passed through the bow from one side to the other without exploding. The third struck the hull underwater and burst inside the ship, flooding a generator room and damaging the bulkhead to an adjoining boiler room, partially flooding it. The last two hits caused damage to \"Bismarck\"s machinery and medium flooding. The hit also severed a steam line and wounded five of \"Bismarck\"'s crew by scalding. The damage to the bow cut access to of fuel oil in the forward fuel tanks, caused \"Bismarck\" to leave an oil slick and reduced her speed by . \"Bismarck\" was soon listing 9° to port and lost of freeboard at her bow. The Germans held their fire until 05:55, when both German ships fired on \"Hood\". Admiral Lütjens, the German fleet chief and task force commander, did not immediately give the order to begin firing. Not until he had made multiple inquiries did \"Bismarck\"s first gunnery officer \"Korvettenkapitän\" Adalbert Schneider, \"\"? (Permission to open fire?); the captain of \"Bismarck, \" \"Kapitän zur See\" Ernst Lindemann, impatiently responded: \"\" (I'm not letting my ship get shot out from under my arse. Open fire!) A shell hit \"Hood\"s boat deck, starting a sizable fire in the ready-use ammunition store but this fire did not spread to other areas of the ship or cause the later explosion. It is possible that \"Hood\" was struck again at the base of her bridge and in her foretop radar director. There has been contention over which German vessel struck \"Hood\"; \"Prinz Eugen\" (\"Kapitän zur See\" Helmuth Brinkmann), was firing \"Prince of Wales\", following an order from the fleet commander. The Gunnery Officer of \"Prinz Eugen\", Paul Schmalenbach is quoted as saying that \"Prinz Eugen\"'s target was \"Hood\". At 06:00, Holland ordered his force to turn once again to port to ensure that the aft main guns on both \"Hood\" and \"Prince of Wales\" could bear on the German ships; during the turn, a salvo from \"Bismarck\", fired from about , was seen by men aboard \"Prince of Wales\" to straddle \"Hood\" abreast her mainmast. It is likely that one shell struck somewhere between \"Hood\"s mainmast and \"X\" turret aft of the mast. A huge pillar of flame that shot upward 'like a giant blowtorch,' in the vicinity of the mainmast, followed by an explosion that destroyed a large portion of the ship from amidships clear to the rear of \"Y\" turret, blowing both after turrets into the sea. The ship broke in two and the stern fell away and sank. Ted Briggs, one of the survivors, claimed \"Hood\" heeled to 30 degrees at which point 'we knew she just wasn't coming back'. The bow rose clear of the water, pointed upward, pivoted about and sank shortly after the stern. \"A\" turret fired a salvo while in this upright position, possibly from the doomed gun crew, just before the bow section sank. Splinters rained down on \"Prince of Wales\" away. \"Hood\" sank in about three minutes with 1,415 members of the crew. Only Ted Briggs, Bob Tilburn and Bill Dundas survived to be rescued two hours later by the destroyer . The Admiralty later concluded that the most likely explanation for the loss of \"Hood\" was a penetration of her magazines by a shell from \"Bismarck\", causing the explosion. Recent research with submersible craft suggests that the initial explosion was in the aft magazine and that it spread to the magazines via the ammunition trunks. It has been suggested from examination of the wreckage, found in 2001, that the magazine explosion in the armament near the mainmast caused the vertical blast of flame seen there, and this in turn ignited the magazines of the aft guns that caused the explosion that wrecked the stern. This explosion might have travelled through the starboard fuel tanks, igniting the fuel oil there, setting off the forward magazines and completing the destruction of the ship. The wreck of \"Hood\" revealed the bow section bereft of any structure. A huge section of her side is missing, from the 'A' barbette to the foredeck. The midship section had its plates curled outward. Moreover, the main parts of the forward structure, including the conning tower, were found about away from the main wreckage. This has sparked theories that the forward magazines exploded as a result of the force, flames and pressure, caused by the detonation of the",
"caused the vertical blast of flame seen there, and this in turn ignited the magazines of the aft guns that caused the explosion that wrecked the stern. This explosion might have travelled through the starboard fuel tanks, igniting the fuel oil there, setting off the forward magazines and completing the destruction of the ship. The wreck of \"Hood\" revealed the bow section bereft of any structure. A huge section of her side is missing, from the 'A' barbette to the foredeck. The midship section had its plates curled outward. Moreover, the main parts of the forward structure, including the conning tower, were found about away from the main wreckage. This has sparked theories that the forward magazines exploded as a result of the force, flames and pressure, caused by the detonation of the aft magazines. However, a team of marine forensic scientists has found that implosion damage to the forward hull due to the rapid sinking of the \"Hood\", is the most likely cause of the state of the forward hull, and they do not support any theory that the forward magazines exploded. \"Prince of Wales\" found herself steering towards the sinking \"Hood\". Her commanding officer, Captain Leach, ordered an emergency avoidance turn away from \"Hood\"s wreckage. This violent change of course disrupted her aim and put her in a position that made it easier for the Germans to target her. She resumed her previous course, but was now under the concentrated fire of both German ships. \"Prince of Wales\" was struck four times by \"Bismarck\" and three times by \"Prinz Eugen\". One shell passed through her upper superstructure, killing or wounding several crewmen in the Compass Platform and Air Defence Platform. Pieces of another shell struck her radar office aft, killing the crewmen within. A shell from \"Prinz Eugen\" found its way to the propelling charge/round manipulation chamber below the aft gun turrets, and a shell from \"Bismarck\" hit underwater below the armour belt, penetrating about into the ship's hull, about below the waterline, but was stopped by the anti-torpedo bulkhead. Fortunately for \"Prince of Wales\", neither shell exploded, but she still suffered minor flooding and the loss of some fuel oil. Contrary to some mistaken opinion, the shell that struck \"Prince of Wales\" below the waterline did not endanger her magazines, as it came to rest abreast an auxiliary machinery room. By this time, serious gunnery malfunctions had caused intermittent problems with the main armament, leading to a 26% reduction in output. According to Captain Leach, he decided that continuing the action would risk losing \"Prince of Wales\" without inflicting further damage on the enemy. He therefore ordered the ship to make smoke and withdraw, 'pending a more favourable opportunity'. \"Prince of Wales\" turned away just after 06:04, firing from her rear turret under local control until the turret suffered a jammed shell ring, cutting off the ammunition supply and making the guns inoperable. Despite efforts by crew members and civilian technicians to repair the shell ring, all four guns were not back in service until 08:25, although two of the four guns were serviceable by 07:20. This temporarily left only five guns operational, but nine of the ten were operational in five hours. The final salvos fired were ragged and are believed to have fallen short. The ship retired from the battle around 06:10. Thirteen of her crew had been killed, nine were wounded. The timing of \"Prince of Wales\" withdrawal was fortunate for her, as she had come into torpedo range of \"Prinz Eugen\" and turned away as the German cruiser was about to fire. On \"Bismarck\", there was tremendous elation at the sinking of \"Hood\". There was also a keen expectation that they would close on \"Prince of Wales\" and possibly finish her off. \"Bismarck\"s captain, Ernst Lindemann, requested that Admiral Lütjens allow \"Bismarck\" to do just that. Even if British Admiral John Tovey's squadron had left Scapa Flow the previous day, he would still be more than away from \"Bismarck\" — even if \"Bismarck\" diverted to sink \"Prince of Wales\" (a chase Lindemann calculated would take only two or three hours). Lütjens refused to allow Lindemann to give chase, giving no explanation. Lindemann repeated his request, this time more assertively. Lütjens held firm orders from the German Naval Commander, \"Groß Admiral\" Erich Raeder, to avoid unnecessary combat with the Royal Navy, especially when it could lead to further damage that could hasten delivering \"Bismarck\" toward the waiting hands of the British. He broke off combat instead of pursuing \"Prince of Wales\" and ordered a course of 270°, due west. \"Bismarck\" had fired 93 of her 353 base-fused Armour Piercing (AP) shells during the engagement. This clash between the two senior German officers reflected their disparate and distinct command functions. As captain of \"Bismarck\", Lindemann operated first and foremost as a tactician. As such, he had no doubt that his ship's immediate objective was to destroy \"Prince of Wales\", and he had pressed his case as far and hard as he should. Lütjens, as fleet chief and task force commander, operated at the strategic and operational levels. To some degree, his orders were clear – attacking convoys was his priority, not risking \"a major engagement for limited, and perhaps uncertain, goals\". Nevertheless, Raeder had also ordered Lütjens to be bold and imaginative, to accept battle if unavoidable and conduct it vigorously to the finish. The reality was that Lütjens' orders did not cover a spectacular success like the one just achieved. His priority therefore was to stick to his instructions - to concentrate on sinking merchant shipping and avoid encounters with enemy warships whenever possible. Moreover, before leaving Germany, Lütjens had told Admirals Conrad Patzig and Wilhelm Marschall, that he would adhere to Raeder's directives. This meant he did not intend to become the third fleet chief to be relieved for contradicting Raeder's orders; Marschall, one of his two predecessors, had been relieved of command for not following his orders to the letter despite the fact that Marschall's analysis of the changes in the tactical situation since the orders were issued resulted in the sinking of the British aircraft carrier and its two escorting destroyers. Nor was he predisposed to discuss his command decisions with a subordinate officer. Even if he had known it was the untried \"Prince of Wales\" he was fighting and not \"King George V\", Lütjens would probably have stuck to his decision. Following her would have meant exposing the squadron to further gunfire as well as to torpedo attacks from \"Norfolk\" and \"Suffolk\". He would have risked his ships and crews on an expressly forbidden opportunity. Between 06:19 and 06:25, \"Suffolk\" fired six salvoes in the direction of \"Bismarck\", having mistaken a radar contact with an aircraft for \"Bismarck\". \"Suffolk\" was actually out of gun range of both \"Bismarck\" and \"Prinz Eugen\" at the time. Vice-Admiral Holland's death led to responsibility for \"Prince of Wales\" falling to Rear-Admiral Wake-Walker in \"Norfolk\". With this command came the responsibility of coping with \"Bismarck\" until enough British warships could concentrate and destroy her. His choice was either to renew the action with the \"Bismarck\", or ensure that she be intercepted and brought to action by other heavy units. Wake-Walker chose the latter course, continuing to shadow the German ships. Further offensive action, he concluded, would cause more damage to \"Prince of Wales\" than to \"Bismarck\" and endanger his cruisers, plus he knew Admiral Tovey was on his way. He ordered \"Prince of Wales\" to follow \"Norfolk\" at her best speed, so that \"Norfolk\" and \"Suffolk\" could fall back on her if attacked. At 07:57 \"Suffolk\" reported that the \"Bismarck\" had reduced speed and appeared damaged. Since \"Bismarck\"s receiving the first hit in the forecastle, all six of the ship's 26-man damage control teams",
"until enough British warships could concentrate and destroy her. His choice was either to renew the action with the \"Bismarck\", or ensure that she be intercepted and brought to action by other heavy units. Wake-Walker chose the latter course, continuing to shadow the German ships. Further offensive action, he concluded, would cause more damage to \"Prince of Wales\" than to \"Bismarck\" and endanger his cruisers, plus he knew Admiral Tovey was on his way. He ordered \"Prince of Wales\" to follow \"Norfolk\" at her best speed, so that \"Norfolk\" and \"Suffolk\" could fall back on her if attacked. At 07:57 \"Suffolk\" reported that the \"Bismarck\" had reduced speed and appeared damaged. Since \"Bismarck\"s receiving the first hit in the forecastle, all six of the ship's 26-man damage control teams had worked ceaselessly to repair the damage. When it was reported that the tips of the starboard propeller could be seen above water, Lindemann had ordered counterflooding two compartments aft to restore the ship's trim. He then sent divers into the forecastle to connect the forward fuel tanks, containing a much-needed of fuel, first to the tanks near the forward boiler then to the rear fuel tank by way of a provisional line running over the upper deck. Both these manoeuvres failed. Lindemann then requested permission to slow \"Bismarck\" and heel the ship first to one side then the other to weld patches from the inside to the holes in the forward hull. Lütjens refused, again without comment. Eventually, the admiral had to agree to slow the ship to to allow hammocks and collision matting to be stuffed in the holes of the No. 2 boiler room and the auxiliary boiler room to stop the growing ingress of seawater. This attempt also failed. Boiler Room No. 2 was shut down, with a loss of speed to . As well as taking on seawater, \"Bismarck\" was leaking fuel oil. Lütjens ordered \"Prinz Eugen\" to drop back and see how much of a trail she was leaving astern. The carpet of oil was broad enough to cover both sides of the ship's wake, was all colours of the rainbow and gave off a strong smell – all of which helped disclose \"Bismarck\"s location. The damage to \"Bismarck\"s forward fuel tanks, combined with a missed opportunity to refuel at Bergen earlier in the voyage, left less than of fuel remaining, not enough to operate effectively against the Atlantic convoys. The element of surprise – which was considered essential for the operation's success – had most definitely been lost; the German ships continued to be shadowed by Rear-Admiral Wake-Walker's squadron. Lütjens concluded that he needed to abort \"Bismarck\"s mission and head toward a convenient dockyard for repairs. The question was which dockyard to head for. The nearest friendly ports were Bergen and Trondheim in Norway, a little over away. Steaming in that direction meant a return passage north or south of Iceland, with the enemy's air forces now fully alerted to their presence and the possibility of other heavy units between them and Scapa Flow. Lütjens knew his intelligence was unreliable. \"Hood\" had been reported by Group North to be off West Africa and there had been no reports of a \"King George V\"-class battleship in the vicinity. Disregarding Lindemann's recommendation to return to Bergen, Lütjens ordered \"Bismarck\" to head for the French port of Saint-Nazaire. Although the French coast was further away than Bergen, Saint-Nazaire held the potential of longer nights and wider seas in which to shake off \"Bismarck\"s shadowers, plus the possibility of luring them across a line of U-boats. It would leave \"Bismarck\" poised on the edge of the British trade routes once the damage were repaired; it also meant the potential support of the battleships and . Both ships had been stationed at Brest in France, since the end of Operation Berlin earlier that year but had been kept in port for repairs and overhaul. While Brest was closer than Saint-Nazaire, it was within range of Royal Air Force bombers. Lütjens detached the undamaged \"Prinz Eugen\" to continue raiding on her own. The cruiser went further south into the Atlantic, where she refuelled from a tanker at sea. She suffered engine trouble, abandoned her commerce raiding mission without having sunk any merchant ships, and made it to Brest. News of Lütjens' decision was received with shock in Berlin, Wilhelmshaven and Paris. A blizzard of urgent telephone calls raced across German-occupied Europe. While the Berlin Admiralty was satisfied with Lütjens' success, it was tempered by news of \"Bismarck\"s damage and the decision to head for France. Grand Admiral Raeder was not clear whether Lütjens intended to steam for St. Nazaire immediately or after shaking off his pursuers and oiling in mid-Atlantic. Raeder immediately conferred with his chief of staff, Admiral Otto Schniewind, who in turn telephoned Admiral Rolf Carls, who commanded Group North in Wilhelmshaven. Carls had already drafted a message recalling Lütjens to Germany, but had not yet sent it. Schniewind pointed out that at noon Lütjens had crossed the demarcation line between the Northern Hebrides and Southern Greenland, thus passing from Group North's operational control to Group West; therefore, the decision to recall Lütjens was no longer Carls' to make. A subsequent call to Group West's commander, Admiral Alfred Saalwächter, revealed that he did not plan to recall Lütjens and that he felt such a decision should be discussed between Schniewind and Raeder. Raeder was against issuing a recall himself, telling Schniewind they did not know enough about the situation at hand and that the person who would best know would be Lütjens. He then telephoned Adolf Hitler, who was at the Obersalzberg in the Bavarian Alps. Hitler received the news of \"Hood\"s sinking stoically, exhibiting neither joy nor any other triumphant behavior. After hearing Raeder's report, he turned to those who were with him and expressed his personal thoughts: If now these British cruisers are maintaining contact and Lütjens has sunk the \"Hood\" and nearly crippled the other, which was brand new and having trouble with her guns during the action, why didn't he sink her too? Why hasn't he tried to get out of there or why hasn't he turned around? News of \"Hood\"s destruction was seized upon more enthusiastically by Dr. Joseph Goebbels' Propaganda Ministry. That evening it was broadcast to the nation, accompanied by \"We march against England\" and other martial airs. The German public, already enjoying the news of Luftwaffe victories over the Royal Navy off Crete, received the news of \"Hood\"s sinking euphorically. The British public were shocked that their most emblematic warship and more than 1,400 of her crew had been destroyed so suddenly. The Admiralty mobilised every available warship in the Atlantic to hunt down and destroy \"Bismarck\". The Royal Navy forces pursued and brought \"Bismarck\" to battle; the German battleship was sunk on the morning of 27 May. Moves were subsequently made to court-martial Wake-Walker and Captain John Leach of \"Prince of Wales\". The view was taken that they were wrong not to have continued the battle with \"Bismarck\" after \"Hood\" had been sunk. John Tovey, Commander-in-Chief of the Home Fleet, was appalled at this criticism. A row ensued between Tovey and his superior, Admiral Sir Dudley Pound. Tovey stated that the two officers had acted correctly, ensuring that the German ships were tracked and not endangering their ships needlessly. Furthermore, \"Prince of Wales\"s main guns had repeatedly malfunctioned and she could not have matched \"Bismarck\". Tovey threatened to resign his position and appear at any court-martial as 'defendant's friend' and defence witness. No more was heard of the proposal. A British board of enquiry quickly investigated the cause of \"Hood\"s explosion and produced a report. After criticism that the initial enquiry did not record all the available evidence, a second board of enquiry more extensively investigated",
"Tovey, Commander-in-Chief of the Home Fleet, was appalled at this criticism. A row ensued between Tovey and his superior, Admiral Sir Dudley Pound. Tovey stated that the two officers had acted correctly, ensuring that the German ships were tracked and not endangering their ships needlessly. Furthermore, \"Prince of Wales\"s main guns had repeatedly malfunctioned and she could not have matched \"Bismarck\". Tovey threatened to resign his position and appear at any court-martial as 'defendant's friend' and defence witness. No more was heard of the proposal. A British board of enquiry quickly investigated the cause of \"Hood\"s explosion and produced a report. After criticism that the initial enquiry did not record all the available evidence, a second board of enquiry more extensively investigated \"Hood\"s loss, and examined the vulnerabilities of other large British warships still in service in light of the probable causes of the explosion. It, like the first enquiry, concluded that a shell from \"Bismarck\" caused the explosion of \"Hood\"s aft ammunition magazines. This led to refitting some older British warships with increased protection for their ammunition magazines and some other related improvements. Many naval historians and writers have analyzed the \"Bismarck\" engagement and weighed the participants' decisions. One of the most debated is Admiral Lütjens' decision to proceed into the Atlantic rather than continue the battle. A number of parallels could be drawn from Vice-Admiral Holland's actions in this battle and those of Admiral David Beatty in the opening stages of the Battle of Jutland. From his actions, it seems clear that Holland felt he had to engage \"Bismarck\" immediately, rather than support Wake-Walker in shadowing until Force 'H' could arrive. Beatty, likewise, felt he needed to engage German Admiral Franz Hipper's battlecruisers with his own forces instead of drawing the Germans toward Admiral John Jellicoe and the British Grand Fleet. Holland, like Beatty, possessed superiority in the number of heavy ships he possessed, yet he was encumbered by inferiority in fighting effectiveness of those units. Moreover, Holland's deployment of his units compared to Beatty's deployment at Jutland. Beatty and Holland both attacked while German units were well before the beam. As a result, the midships and after turrets of Beatty's ships could barely fire on the enemy; Holland's ships could not use their after turrets until the final turn to port just before \"Hood\" was sunk. Beatty placed his lighter-armoured battlecruisers at the head of his line, leaving the more powerful and better-armoured \"Queen Elizabeth\"s in the rear. Likewise, Holland placed the old and vulnerable \"Hood\" ahead of the better armoured (albeit new and untested) \"Prince of Wales\". Both admirals exercised tight tactical control over their units from their flagships. This prevented Captain Leach from manoeuvring \"Prince of Wales\" independently and possibly taking a different line of approach that might have confused the Germans. Note: The British escorting destroyers were ordered to the battle coordinates as part of the overall forces sent to intercept the German ships; they were detached the evening before the battle Battle of the Denmark Strait The Battle of the Denmark Strait was a naval engagement on 24 May 1941 in the Second World War, between ships of the Royal Navy and the German \"Kriegsmarine\". The British battleship and the battlecruiser fought the German battleship and the heavy cruiser , which were attempting to break out into the North Atlantic to attack Allied merchant shipping (Operation Rheinübung). Less than 10 minutes after the British opened fire,"
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"Sonic & All-Stars Racing Transformed \"Sonic & All-Stars Racing Transformed\" is the sequel to \"Sonic & Sega All-Stars Racing\", the fourth installment in the \"Sega Superstars\" series, and the eighth racing game in the \"Sonic the Hedgehog\" series. The game was a launch title for the Wii U in North America and Europe. \"Sonic & All-Stars Racing Transformed\" is a mascot-based racing game in which players race against each other using over 20 characters from various Sega franchises, such as \"Sonic the Hedgehog\", \"Jet Set Radio\" and \"Space Channel 5\", although it features many new mechanics and improvements from the last game. The most obvious is that, at certain points in a race, vehicles can alternate between car, boat and plane modes. The car mode handles similarly to the previous game, in which players can earn boost by drifting around corners or performing tricks whilst in the air. Boat mode features true boating physics, requiring players to consider their vehicle's turbulence. They may also be affected by waves made in the water, some of which can be used to leap into the air and perform stunts. Plane mode, the fastest of the three forms, gives players the freedom to move both vertically and horizontally. Like the other modes, players can 'air-drift' around corners to earn boost and can also perform rolls to quickly adjust their position, earning boost for narrowly dodging obstacles. Players alternate between these modes by driving through blue transformation gates. Certain tracks in the game terraform as players proceed through them, offering different playstyles between each lap. Several new varieties of weapons have been added, including explosive hot rod engines, freezing snowballs, blowfish, and swarms of wasps that appear at the front of the pack. All-Star Moves return from the previous title, though these are awarded slightly differently compared to the last game, and can now be used in online multiplayer. During races, players can collect star tokens, found scattered around the course or earned by attacking opponents, which can be spent in a slot machine between events to earn random bonuses, such as enhanced items or faster recovery from certain weapons. The main campaign is the Career Mode which, along with returning features such as Grand Prix, Time Attack and Single Race, mainly revolves around the World Tour mode. This mode involves going through a branching series of events, ranging from standard races to various challenges, including earning time by drifting, maneuvering through traffic or fighting against large tanks. Completing these challenges on various difficulties earn stars which are used to open up new branches and unlock new characters and mods. Racing with each character in any mode earns XP which unlock modifications that alter the stats of each vehicle. The game features 16 new tracks inspired by games like \"Super Monkey Ball\", \"Panzer Dragoon\", \"Golden Axe\", \"After Burner\" and \"Burning Rangers\", as well as four returning locations from the first game and mirror versions of each track. The game also features online multiplayer in all versions and four player split-screen multiplayer for the console versions. Some of the career modes can also be played in split-screen multiplayer. The Wii U version also features unique minigames and features that utilize the Wii U GamePad and can support up to five players via split-screen. The game's development staff contains members of Bizarre Creations, developer of \"Blur\", \"Metropolis Street Racer\", and the \"Project Gotham Racing\" series of racing video games, and of Black Rock Studio, developer of \"Split Second: Velocity\" and \"Pure\". The console and PlayStation Vita versions run on a new internal engine, codenamed \"Sumo\", at 30 fps, while the 3DS version was built from the ground up. Longtime Sega music composer Richard Jacques handled the game's soundtrack, which features both original tracks and remixed Sega tunes. The development team cites \"Wave Race\" and \"Hydro Thunder\" as their inspirations for the water-based racing segments. At E3 2012, it was announced that JR Motorsports NASCAR Nationwide Series driver Danica Patrick would be appearing as a playable guest character in the game. She drives the \"Danicar\", a vehicle co-designed by Patrick for Mattel's Hot Wheels toyline. The game also features Ralph from the animated Disney film, \"Wreck-It Ralph\", in which Sonic, Dr. Eggman, and other Sega characters make cameo appearances. Ristar makes a cameo appearance as the game's flagman. The Xbox 360 version also features playable Avatars, while the Wii U and Nintendo 3DS versions include playable Miis. A Bonus Edition of the game was available for pre-order or to get after release as long as it was available, which included Metal Sonic as a playable character, \"OutRun\" Bay, and additional stickers for the player's license. A port of the game for Microsoft Windows was released in January 2013 and featured additional exclusive characters, including characters from Valve's \"Team Fortress 2\". In response to fans requesting additional characters as downloadable content, game director Steve Lycett posted on Sega's official forums, challenging them to organize a vote to nominate characters for him to recommend to Sega. Seven characters were chosen for recommendation, including Ryo Hazuki, Hatsune Miku, Segata Sanshiro, Vectorman, ToeJam & Earl, Bayonetta, and Ristar. On January 24, 2013, Lycett confirmed that one of those characters had been approved for development, later revealed to be Ryo Hazuki. An additional character, General Winter from \"Company of Heroes 2\", was released as part of a free update for the PC version on July 4, 2013. On August 5, 2013, Willemus from \"\" was also added to the PC version as a free update. As part of a collaboration with The Yogscast and Humble Bundle, Yogscast's Simon Lane was released as a downloadable character for the PC version on December 6, 2013, with all proceeds going to charity. A stream by The Yogscast also showed Ryo Hazuki from the \"Shenmue\" series riding arcade machines. On January 14, 2014, Ryo became available for purchase as a DLC on Steam for the PC version. The game has received positive reviews. It holds a Metacritic rating of 82 for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 versions, 78 for the Wii U version, and 79 for the PC version. IGN gave the game a score of 8.6, calling it \"a bright, handsome and thoroughly enjoyable ride.\" Destructoid gave the game 8/10, saying \"Sega has cherry-picked the best elements of kart racers and applied it to the best arcade racing games to create a sleeper hit that’s great fan service and great fun.\" GameTrailers gave the game a score of 8.7. One of the highest reviews the game received was a 5/5 from the Daily Mail, who says it's \"A game that stands head and shoulders above every carting game of recent years, and one – like the titles it pays tribute to – that will be remembered and cherished.\" \"Empire\" stated that \"Sonic's second turn behind the wheel is a surprisingly complex offering, a kart racer that provides both an immediate surface appeal to newcomers and enough 'fair frustration' to maintain the interests of seasoned race gamers chasing that perfect result,\" giving the game 4/5 stars. GameSpot writer Britton Peele gave positive reviews to the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 versions of the game, but gave a more mixed review to the Wii U version. While Peele described the title as \"far from a poor man's \"Mario Kart\"\", the Wii U version received a day-one patch that appeared to render the game's Boost Race levels unwinnable. Peele also said the Wii U version's online Battle mode levels were also broken, with characters spawning in mid-air and collectable items for one of the version's exclusive modes not appearing at all. Sumo Digital has since released a patch to address the respective issues. \"Sonic & All-Stars Racing Transformed\" received a nomination for \"Best Racing Game of 2012\" from GameTrailers. As of",
"gamers chasing that perfect result,\" giving the game 4/5 stars. GameSpot writer Britton Peele gave positive reviews to the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 versions of the game, but gave a more mixed review to the Wii U version. While Peele described the title as \"far from a poor man's \"Mario Kart\"\", the Wii U version received a day-one patch that appeared to render the game's Boost Race levels unwinnable. Peele also said the Wii U version's online Battle mode levels were also broken, with characters spawning in mid-air and collectable items for one of the version's exclusive modes not appearing at all. Sumo Digital has since released a patch to address the respective issues. \"Sonic & All-Stars Racing Transformed\" received a nomination for \"Best Racing Game of 2012\" from GameTrailers. As of March 2013, the game has sold 1.36 million copies worldwide. Sonic & All-Stars Racing Transformed \"Sonic & All-Stars Racing Transformed\" is the sequel to \"Sonic & Sega All-Stars Racing\", the fourth installment in the \"Sega Superstars\" series, and the eighth racing game in the \"Sonic the Hedgehog\" series. The game was a launch title for the Wii U in North America and Europe. \"Sonic & All-Stars Racing Transformed\" is a mascot-based racing game in which players race against each other using over 20 characters from various Sega franchises, such as \"Sonic the Hedgehog\", \"Jet Set Radio\" and"
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"retrieved": [
"Rajendra Nagar, Patna Rajendra Nagar (Hindi: राजेन्द्र नगर) (often spelled Rajender Nagar) is a neighbourhood in Patna, Bihar, India. It is named after Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India. It is spread between Kumhrar road and Nala road from Dinkar golambar and Ramakrishna Avenue to Saidpur road. This area is served by Kadamkuan PS of Patna Police. Rajendra Nagar is a planned colony divided by numbered roads. It has several open spaces like Parks and playing fields. Rajendra Nagar also hosts the biggest stadium of Bihar, Moin-ul-Haq Stadium (formerly Rajendra Nagar Stadium). In Rajendra Nagar one can find a variety of commercial establishments. Bank Branches, Hospitals, Hotels, restaurants, retail branded outlets etc. It is connected to Kankarbagh by Rajendra nagar over bridge. McDowell Golambar is a famous landmark of this locality. Rajendra Nagar Terminal is the railway station for the Rajendra Nagar. It connects to many metropolitan cities of India by the Howrah-Delhi Main Line. The important trains include the Rajendra Nagar (Patna) Rajdhani Express, Rajendranagar Express (Patna- Mumbai), Patna- Indore Express etc. Rajendra Nagar, Patna Rajendra Nagar (Hindi: राजेन्द्र नगर) (often spelled Rajender Nagar) is a neighbourhood in Patna, Bihar, India. It is named after Dr. Rajendra"
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"retrieved": [
"Breeders' Cup Distaff The Breeders' Cup Distaff is a Weight for Age Thoroughbred horse race for fillies and mares, 3 years old and up. Known as the Breeders' Cup Ladies' Classic between 2008 and 2012, it is held annually at a different racetrack in the United States or Canada as part of the Breeders' Cup World Championships. It is the top ranked race for fillies and mares in North America, and often decides the title for champion three-year-old and / or champion older filly or mare. Starting with the 2008 Breeders' Cup, the Distaff has been the final race on the first day (Friday) of the two-day event. Distance : 1 miles (1984–1987); 1 miles (1988 to present). Beginning in 2007, the Breeders' Cup developed \"The Breeders' Cup Challenge,\" a series of races in each division that allotted automatic qualifying bids to the winners of defined races. Each of the thirteen divisions has between two and ten of these \"Win and You're In\" qualifying races. In the Breeders' Cup Distaff Division the number of runners is limited to 14 with up to seven automatic berths. Note though that one horse may win multiple challenge races, while other challenge winners will not be entered in the Breeders' Cup for a variety of reasons such as injury or travel considerations. The 2018 \"Win and You're In\" races are: Most wins: Stakes record: Not applicable, as the race is run at different tracks Most wins by a jockey: Most wins by a trainer: Most wins by an owner: † - 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987 races were run at 1 miles Breeders' Cup Distaff The Breeders' Cup Distaff is a Weight for Age Thoroughbred horse race for fillies and mares, 3 years old and up. Known as the Breeders' Cup Ladies' Classic between 2008"
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"retrieved": [
"Bailar Contigo \"Bailar Contigo\" () is a Tropipop song by Colombian recording artist Carlos Vives. It was released in Colombian's radios as the third single from his fourteenth studio album \"Corazón Profundo\" (2013) on May 5, 2013. The song was written by himself and Andrés Castro and produced by the same Castro. \"Bailar Contigo\" has been described as one of the best track of the album according to the review of Allmusic. And Carlos Quintana from About.com said that \"is the electric guitar in the intro of the song, have well-crafted arrangements and nice lyrics\". In an interview in Colombia, Vives expressed that the song \"Is a tribute to the ceremony to dance with that special woman. I composed it remembering that time, of that eagerness to go on a friday, when had a plan to go dancing with somebody and finally meet with that person. Evokes the romance, that love symbolized in the ritual of going to pick her up and go dancing\". Bailar Contigo \"Bailar Contigo\" () is a Tropipop song by Colombian recording artist Carlos Vives. It was released in Colombian's radios as the third single from his fourteenth studio album \"Corazón Profundo\" (2013) on May 5,"
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"retrieved": [
"Ilimane Diop Ilimane Diop Gaye (born April 4, 1995) is a Senegalese-Spanish professional basketball player for Baskonia. Although he was born in Dakar, Diop officially represents Spain when being on international duty since he was a baby when his family settled in Spain. Previously, he has led their junior teams to multiple bronze medals. A product of Spanish powerhouse Baskonia, was sent out on loan to minor league team to gain playing time and experience. Diop made his debut for Baskonia in the Spanish top-flight ACB in the course of the 2013-14 campaign. An early entry candidate for the 2016 NBA draft, he later withdrew his name. After achieving a bronze medal with the under-16 team and the under-18 team, on 11 July 2016, Diop made his debut with the national team in a friendly game played in Burgos against Angola. He scored four points and grabbed three rebounds to collaborate in the win by 85–61. Standing 6'11\" with a wingspan of 7'11\" feet, Diop is regarded as one of the most potent players in the Liga ACB and possibly a future NBA draft selection. Length has been an inevitable problem for his opponents, who have struggled against the pick-and-roll and rebounds. He is also noted for his raw talent that could grow into a \"great basketball body.\" Balance, footwork, and strength have remained intangibles for the center. His brother Mamadou is also a basketball player who previously played in the same Spanish basketball squad as he did. Ilimane Diop Ilimane Diop Gaye (born April 4, 1995) is a Senegalese-Spanish professional basketball player for Baskonia. Although he was born in Dakar, Diop officially represents Spain when being on international duty since he was a baby when his family settled in Spain. Previously, he has led their junior teams to multiple"
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{
"retrieved": [
"Gorakhgad Gorakhgad Fort / गोरखगड is a fort located 24 km from Murbad, Thane district, of Maharashtra. This fort is an important fort in Thane district. This fort was mainly used by sadhus or hermits for meditation. It was also used to guard the ancient trade route passing through Naneghat. Not much history about this fort is known. The nearest town is Murbad which is 54km from Thane. The base village of the fort is Dehari which is 25km from Murbad and 50km from Karjat. After main entrance gate there is an inscription in Marathi. There are rock cut water cisterns near the cave. The water is available round the year for drinking purpose. The cave is spacious and has square pillars. There is a small Mahadev temple on the top. The Ahupe Ghat and Siddhagad can be seen from the top. Gorakhgad Gorakhgad Fort / गोरखगड is a fort located 24 km from Murbad, Thane district, of Maharashtra. This fort is an important fort in Thane district. This fort was mainly used by sadhus or hermits for meditation. It was also used to guard the ancient trade route passing through Naneghat. Not much history about this fort is known."
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{
"retrieved": [
"Ricky 1 (film) Ricky 1 is a 1988 American comedy film that parodies the \"Rocky\" film series. It was written, edited, produced and directed by William T. Naud (credited as Bill Naud). Many gags parody events in \"Rocky\", but also make reference to other films such as \"The Godfather\". A down on his luck male stripper and gigolo, Ricky Wanero, trains to become a boxing champion and take on the Silver Shadow. According to \"TV Guide\", the film was shot in 1983, but shelved until 1988. The film remained mostly obscure, until internet personality and filmmaker James Rolfe (best known for \"The Angry Video Game Nerd\" webseries) reviewed it as part of his mock feud with Doug Walker (\"The Nostalgia Critic\") in 2008. He panned the film for its lame jokes/visual gags, poor plot and nonsensical references that had nothing to do with the \"Rocky\" films. Ricky 1 (film) Ricky 1 is a 1988 American comedy film that parodies the \"Rocky\" film series. It was written, edited, produced and directed by William T. Naud (credited as Bill Naud). Many gags parody events in \"Rocky\", but also make reference to other films such as \"The Godfather\". A down on his luck"
]
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{
"retrieved": [
"1767 English cricket season Details have survived of eight important cricket matches played in 1767. There are reports that Hambledon's success continued and the team staged some remarkable batting performances, but little is known of them. There was a report concerning the \"Laws of Cricket\" in the \"Reading Mercury\" dated Monday, 8 June, which states: \"The Articles of the Game of Cricket as settled in the year 1744 by the Society of Noblemen & Gentlemen at the \"Star & Garter\" in Pall Mall, may be had at the Printing Office in reading or of the newsmen, neatly printed on a whole sheet of fine writing paper, price only 3d, or on a pasteboard bordered with marble paper, price 6d\". The following matches are classified as important: 1767 English cricket season Details have survived of eight important cricket matches played in 1767. There are reports that Hambledon's success continued and the team staged some remarkable batting performances, but little is known of them. There was a report concerning the \"Laws of Cricket\" in the \"Reading Mercury\" dated Monday, 8 June, which states: \"The Articles of the Game of Cricket as settled in the year 1744 by the Society of Noblemen &"
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{
"retrieved": [
"We Are Singaporeans We Are Singaporeans is a game show that aired on Singaporean English language channel Mediacorp Channel 5 about everything and anything Singapore from history to culture to trivia. Hosted by Hossan Leong (Season 1-3) and Najip Ali (Season 4) , contestants will get the chance to walk away with up to $20,000 every week. The show, which will run for 15 weeks, will feature guest appearances by local celebrities and icons who will ask contestants questions relating to a particular topic. The game show title was derived from a segment of the series \"The Noose\", which became a recurring joke. \"The Noose\" later parodied the idea through a satirical sketch in which \"The Noose\" company sues Mediacorp for \"stealing\" the idea from them and even hires \"Sudah Anandas\" (parody for Subhas Anandan) to fight their case in court. A Malay version called \"Kita Orang Singapura\" with similar rules hosted by Najip Ali (who later hosted the English version from Season 4 onwards) debuted on 6 Jan 2014 and will end on 31 March 2014. There is also a Tamil version known as \"Savaal Singapore\". At the end of season 3, a total of 39 episodes have aired on Channel 5. Each of the three contestants, starting from the leftmost podium, will get to choose one of the nine celebrity icons to ask them a question, after which all the 3 contestants have 15 seconds to key in their answer using a keypad onto their screen. Each contestant wins $50 for every correct question ($100 for season 2). Contestants can use their \"Hero or Zero\" card at any question but must use the card within the round, a correct answer doubling their current total (after adding the money for answering that question correctly), and an incorrect answer resulting in a loss of their current winnings. All winnings are guaranteed, and the highest scoring contestant goes to round 2. If there is a tie, a tie-breaker question is played, and the contestant who keys in the correct answer in the fastest time advances to round 2. In round 2, the tables are changed. Contestants can get to walk away with a maximum of $10,000 which is on the top of the money plant (called money tree in season 2). The money plant has nine leaves holding the amounts $200, $500, $1,000, $2,000, $3,500, $5,000, $6,500, $8,000 and $10,000 respectively. Contestants choose the celebrity icons in any order to ask the questions. All the money levels are guaranteed winnings, as such no risk is involved in answering the question. The contestant can use the \"Give Chance 4\" and \"Give Chance 2\" lifelines (narrowing it to either 4 or 2 option questions) if questions are difficult. The cards can only be used once in the round and contestants can also choose to use \"Give chance 2\" after using \"Give chance 4\" if they so choose within the same question. In season 2, if the contestant reaches the last question, the contestant can choose to use the \"Hero or Zero\" card (by risking the $8,000 the player won in this round) before the question is asked to double his final winnings to $20,000 if he gets it right. If he doesn't use his card, the player plays for $10,000. With the number of celebrities per episode being reduced to 6, this round now had 7 questions instead of 9, with the last question being a video-based question starring the host Hossan Leong. Every question was worth $200 this season, and the Hero or Zero card gameplay element was also present. This made for a maximum possible winnings of $2,800. The contestant with the highest score went on to the next round. A brand new set also made its debut, which was markedly different from the old set which resembled that of Hollywood Squares. Contestants can get to walk away with up to $20,000 in this round. Similar to the round 2 played in previous seasons, contestants climbed up a high rise flat this season with levels holding the amounts $250, $500, $1,000, $2,000, $4,000 and $8,000. Unlike previous seasons, contestants cannot choose the celebrity icons, the order is dictated by the host. All winnings are guaranteed in this round, except on the final question. Upon reaching the $8,000 level, a bonus $20,000 question is made available (known as the 'Hero or Zero' question) to the contestant. If the contestant opts to answer it, he can get $20,000 if he answers correctly. An incorrect answer drops him to $4,000. This season also introduced the idea of the \"Honour Roll\", where the top 3 contestants (in terms of prize money) were invited back for the final episode. In that episode, the winner played for $40,000. All money levels in the high rise flat was doubled, and all levels (including $16,000) were guaranteed, meaning there was also no risk involved on the final question. However, the contestant only won $2,000 from this round. The number of contestants were reduced to two while the number of celebrities remained at 6, similar to Season 3. The host is now changed to Najip Ali (who also hosted the Malay edition \"Kita Orang Singapura\") and the questions are now focused on global trends and current affairs, hence the title \"Global Edition\". The round had six questions that focused on the statistics and surveys asked by Singaporeans, which are narrated by the celebrity icon. The contestant starting from the left podium, will get to choose one of the six celebrity icons to ask them a survey-related multiple-choice question of three answers. Every correct answer is worth $200. In replacement with the Hero or Zero card, which was removed for the entire season, an incorrect answer will result in a 'Kena Fine', which deducts the contestant's winnings from $1 up to $100, with a penalty of up to $261 (the denominations were $1, $10, $20, $50, $80 and $100; the winnings cannot go below $0 or end with negative score). The next contestant will have to answer from the remaining two options; a correct answer will earn $100, but an incorrect answer will also deduct by the same denomination. This made for a maximum possible winnings of $900. Two video-based questions (usually narrated by a local celebrity) will be played, with three celebrity icons giving their answers. The contestant with the higher score from Round 1 gets to choose a category given by Ali, and have to determine if which celebrity is 'telling the truth'. A correct answer is worth $300; if incorrect, the opponent will try to answer for $150. No penalty is given for an incorrect answer for this round. A maximum possible winnings of $450 could be won in this round. Six questions were provided in this round, each with two different options. A contestant will attempt to buzz-in and answer the question in a ten-second timer. Afterwards, contestants who ring in will get to choose a picture from the 'pickup board' to reveal the sum of money played for the question. A correct answer wins the sum shown on the board, while an incorrect answer will result in a $200 loss. The money is taken out of play after the question, regardless if the question is answered correctly. The maximum possible winnings for this round is $6,100 (the denominations were $300, $500, $800, $1,000, $1,500 and $2,000). All winnings are guaranteed, and the highest scoring contestant after the first three rounds goes to the bonus round. If there is a tie, a tie-breaker question is played, and the contestant who buzz in first and answer correctly will advance to the bonus round, otherwise, the other contestant will advance to the bonus round by default. Unlike the previous seasons where contestant would answer a series of questions in order to win the grand prize, contestant are given only one question (dictated by Najip Ali) and four answers and are asked to put those four answers into a particular order (similar to the \"Fastest Finger\" round from Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?). The contestant who does so correctly will win the grand prize of $10,000; if any order of sequence is incorrect, the contestant will leave with just his winnings from the first three rounds. Because of the",
"three rounds goes to the bonus round. If there is a tie, a tie-breaker question is played, and the contestant who buzz in first and answer correctly will advance to the bonus round, otherwise, the other contestant will advance to the bonus round by default. Unlike the previous seasons where contestant would answer a series of questions in order to win the grand prize, contestant are given only one question (dictated by Najip Ali) and four answers and are asked to put those four answers into a particular order (similar to the \"Fastest Finger\" round from Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?). The contestant who does so correctly will win the grand prize of $10,000; if any order of sequence is incorrect, the contestant will leave with just his winnings from the first three rounds. Because of the modified bonus round, the lifelines (namely \"Give Chance 2\" and \"Give Chance 4\") were absent as well. Including the grand prize, a contestant can win up to $17,450 over the course of the entire game, by answering every question correctly on all given opportunities, buzzing first and answer correctly on all six questions in Round 3, and answering the bonus round question correctly. Each episode featured six (nine in seasons 1 and 2) local celebrity personalities such as singers, characters from local television shows and movies or Mediacorp artistes and a \"Singaporean icon\" (e.g. parking attendant, taxi driver, coolie, businessman, etc). We Are Singaporeans We Are Singaporeans is a game show that aired on Singaporean English language channel Mediacorp Channel"
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"retrieved": [
"Mike Guzovsky Mike Guzovsky, also known as Mike Guzofsky and Yekutiel Ben-Ya'acov, is an American-Israeli follower of the late Rabbi Meir Kahane. According to the British Government, Guzovsky is a Jewish militant. He is a contact on Kahane.org, which is on the U.S. Treasury Department’s list of terrorist organizations. He lives in the settlement of Kfar Tapuach in the West Bank. The Anti-Defamation League report that during the mid-1990s, Guzovsky was the leader of Kahane Chai (an offshoot of Kach) in the United States, where he demonstrated against Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, and for Baruch Goldstein, who killed 29 Muslims. When Rabin was assassinated in 1995, Guzovsky stated that \"Rabin was bad for Jews\" and said of his murderer, Yigal Amir, that \"An intelligent man, one like this law student, had to act.\" He has organized peaceful resistance against the dismantlement of settlements. In 2005, Guzovsky said in the PBS documentary \"Israel's Next War\" that, \"We have thousands of civilians with the military know-how to instigate a mega-attack against Arabs, unidentified people, like Rabin's assassin, Yigal Amir, who can do such a deed. No matter how much the security service and the police harass us, it won't do them any good.\" The British government say that Guzovsky is actively involved with military training camps, and that he is \"considered to be engaging in unacceptable behaviour by seeking to foment, justify, or glorify terrorist violence in furtherance of particular beliefs, and to provoke others to terrorist acts\". Guzovsky is on the list of individuals banned from entering the United Kingdom. Mike Guzovsky Mike Guzovsky, also known as Mike Guzofsky and Yekutiel Ben-Ya'acov, is an American-Israeli follower of the late Rabbi Meir Kahane. According to the British Government, Guzovsky is a Jewish militant. He is a contact on Kahane.org, which is"
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"retrieved": [
"Central Clinical Hospital The Central Clinical Hospital of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation () (also called \"Kremlin Hospital\", \"Kremlyovka\" and the \"Kremlin Clinic\") is a heavily guarded facility seven miles northwest of the Kremlin in an exclusive, wooded suburban area known as Kuntsevo. It's considered to be the best hospital in Russia and one of the best hospitals in the world. The hospital is guarded by the Federal Protective Service. Among patients are political, business, cultural and scientific elite of Russia (and Soviet Union before 1991, like presidents Yuri Andropov or Konstantin Chernenko) and representatives of the diplomatic corps. The hospital now accepts an increasing number of private, self-paying patients and it is common to pay for one's treatment. While the hospital is open to the public and anyone may theoretically be admitted and treated there, its fees and charges are well beyond the means of most Russians and so it retains its elitist image. On 13 August 1946, the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union issued a decree on the design and construction of a new building Kremlin Hospital (Suburban Hospital) with 500 beds. In March 1947, the Government has identified the volume of financing (consolidated estimates for the construction of buildings of the Central Clinical Hospital is only closed December 20, 1963), and in April 1947, decided to place a new hospital in the forest in Kuntsevo. Initially, it was allocated 150 hectares of land, and in 1953 the total area of the hospital reached 209 hectares. Construction of the hospital and its infrastructure started in 1948. However, despite the measures taken, the construction was carried out slowly. Much of the credit for the construction of hospitals and organization of its follow-up belongs to Vasily Kholodkova. In 1957 The construction of the first two buildings (№6 and №7) housings 123 beds was complete. The hospital was opened for patients treatment on 29 November 1957. Day opening of the Central Clinical Hospital is considered to be December 2, 1957, when the treatment of the first patient enrolled. In September 1960, the Suburban Hospital is renamed the Central Clinical Hospital of the Fourth Main Department of the Ministry of Health of the Soviet Union. On 1961-1963 the main Building was constructed. In it housed the main branch of specialized therapeutic and surgical, as well as large medical-diagnostic department (X-ray, physiotherapy, functional diagnostics). In 1968 the first hemodialysis center in the Soviet Union opened, and in 1973 a computing center was established. In the late 70's and early 80's was carried out specialized therapeutic care for basic medical specialties: cardiology, gastroenterology, pulmonology, nephrology, endocrinology, allergology, hematology, neurology. Later at the hospital were put into operation new buildings in 1981 - anatomopathological, 1982 - therapeutic, 1985 - Pharmacy, 1989, 2001 - operationally intensive care. On October 2011 a branch of assisted reproductive technologies was opened, and on November 2012 the Department of Neurosurgery. Central Clinical Hospital The Central Clinical Hospital of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation ()"
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"retrieved": [
"Ivel Springs Ivel Springs is a 15.4 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Baldock in Hertfordshire. It is owned and managed by North Hertfordshire District Council, assisted by the Friends of Baldock Green Spaces. The site, which was a rubbish dump until the 1950s, has habitats including woodland, wetland and pasture. Its springs are the source of the River Ivel, and they have a wide variety of wildlife. The Site was awarded Green Flag status in 2016, 2017 and 2018. There is vehicle access to the site from North Road, and pedestrian access from Norton Road and Icknield Way (via a tunnel under the railway embankment. Ivel Springs Ivel Springs is a 15.4 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Baldock in Hertfordshire. It is owned and managed by North Hertfordshire District Council, assisted by the Friends of Baldock Green Spaces. The site, which was a rubbish dump until the 1950s, has habitats including woodland, wetland and pasture. Its springs are the source of the River Ivel, and they have a wide variety of wildlife. The Site was awarded Green Flag status in 2016, 2017 and 2018. There is vehicle access to the site from North Road, and pedestrian access from Norton Road"
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"retrieved": [
"Paul Clark (designer) Paul B. Clark (born 1940) is a designer, design historian, model rocketeer and curator whose designs established his reputation with the birth of British pop culture in the 1960s. By printing silk-screened Pop decoration onto cheap, mass-produced products, Clark was among a group of young designers who undermined accepted ideas of good taste, by elevating everyday items into fashionable objects. Clark's interest in science and space travel led him to create model rockets for international competitions as well as commercial model rocket kits. He is the founder of the British Space Modelling Association. His archive is located at the University of Brighton Design Archives. Paul Clark was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood from 1954 to 1958. Following a two-year intermediate art course at Hammersmith College of Art, London (1959-1961), Clark joined the Central School of Arts and Crafts where he began an Industrial Design NDD course. In 1984 Clark graduated with an MA in Cultural Studies from the Royal College of Art. Clark began his career assisting ceramic designer Michel Caddy in his studio whilst a student at Central School of Arts and Crafts on the Industrial Design course. There he was involved in graphic design and also gained experience designing various of 3D materials and ceramics. In 1962 he decided not to return to Central School of Arts and Crafts, instead establishing himself as a freelance graphic designer and a maker of accessories for the kitchen. There was a revival of interest in Victorian and Edwardian style and one of his first products was a range of knob stoppered storage jars. Also at this time, Clark developed an interest in Letraset, designing and applying for a provisional patent on his own display lettering system. As a Pop designer in the swinging London era, Clark's work was particularly popular in the boutiques of London's Carnaby Street such as Gear. He also supplied Kleptomania in Kingly Street, which was run by Tommy Roberts who later opened the famous Mr Freedom in the Kings Road. In 1965, David Phillips, the China & Glass buyer Woollands of Knightsbridge - the London department store - held a British Fortnight promotion and commissioned designs from Clark and other designers from the era. This led to Clark's iconic Union Jack mug for which he is most well known. For the opening reception he devised a novelty handout called 'Instant Patriot Outfit'. This was a small gold foil folder with a folded Union Jack inside it, with the slogan 'Be British' printed on it. It was subsequently given to guests at the opening event of the British Pavilion at the 1967 Worlds Fair in Montreal. Woollands closed in 1967 and David Phillips went on to become Terence Conran's chief buyer at Habitat Clark was aware of the work of the upcoming young Pop artists and was particularly influenced by issue 32 of the Royal College of Art's magazine 'Ark'. This included a 'Kit of Images' with an actual card target and he subsequently used the target motif in his designs for mugs, dishes and coasters. A dynamic symbol of the era, it was originally derived from American artist Jasper Johns' series of target paintings, and developed by Peter Blake in the early 1960s. Along with the Union Jack, the target symbol fitted well with the mid-sixties trend for design derived from Op art and hard edged abstraction. Typography also featured strongly in Clark's designs for mugs, dishes and clocks. By 1968, Clark was known as \"the pop clock man\". In 1966, Clark became the design consultant at Perspective Designs, a company set up by Philip Bidwell specifically to market the work of young British designers. They made kitchen accessories, stationery, gifts and fibre-board furniture items that were very much part of British Pop Art culture. They took over the manufacture and distribution of his mugs and dishes Perspective Designs had a retail outlet in the Fulham Road called 'Scope' which doubled as a showroom. Clark stayed with Perspective Designs until they went into liquidation in 1969. His design work at this time included the 'Disc Clock', the 'Revolutionary Clock' and a range of cheap, colourful cardboard clocks. In 1986, Clark created a replica of an iconic bike designed by Ben Bowden which had been exhibited at the Britain Can Make It exhibition in 1947. Guided only by photos, Clark recreated Bowden's revolutionary bike for the Royal College of Art's \"Make or Break\" exhibition, curated by Dr Penny Sparke. Continuing his freelance graphic work, Clark began teaching on the Foundation and Graphic Design courses at the Brighton Polytechnic (now University of Brighton) on a part-time basis. He taught in both the Graphic Design Department and on the Foundation Course (Department of Three Dimensional Design), with the latter role becoming full-time in 1975. In 1984 Clark returned to Brighton to teach in the Department of Art and Design History after completing his MA in Cultural Studies at the Royal College of Art. While at Brighton, Clark joined the CTI Art and Design unit, where he edited the journal OutLine and in 2000 he helped establish the Learning and Teaching Support Network (LTSN) Art Design and Communication Subject Centre. Clark's work has been exhibited at the following exhibitions: Paul Clark (designer) Paul B. Clark (born 1940) is a designer, design historian, model rocketeer and curator whose designs established his reputation with the birth of British pop"
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"retrieved": [
"52 Cygni 52 Cygni is a giant star in the northern constellation of Cygnus with an apparent magnitude of 4.22. Based on its Hipparcos parallax, it is about away. 52 Cygni is a probable horizontal branch (red clump) star, fusing helium in its core, although there is a 25% chance that it is still on the red giant branch (RGB) and fusing hydrogen in a shell around an insert core. As a clump giant it would be 2.27 gyr old, but only 910 myr if it is an RGB star. It shines with a bolometric luminosity of about at an effective temperature of 4,677 K. It has a radius of . At an angular separation of 6.0″ from 52 Cygni is a faint magnitude 9.5 companion. 52 Cygni 52 Cygni is a giant star in the northern constellation of Cygnus with an apparent magnitude of 4.22. Based on its Hipparcos parallax, it is about away. 52 Cygni is a probable horizontal branch (red clump) star, fusing helium in its core, although there is a 25% chance that it is still on the red giant branch (RGB) and fusing hydrogen in a shell around an insert core. As a clump giant"
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"retrieved": [
"Scattergood Baines Scattergood Baines is a 1941 American comedy-drama film. It is based on a novel by Clarence Budington Kelland. The character of Scattergood was also popular during the days of live radio. In the film, Guy Kibbee plays the title character. The plot has him choosing the small New England town of Cold River to settle down in and, twenty years later, his outmaneuvering of the townspeople both when it comes to large matters (ownership of the local railroad) and small (the pretty new schoolteacher's hair). Five other Scattergood Baines films, all starring Guy Kibbee, were subsequently made. The homespun but canny Baines was originally created by popular writer Clarence Budington Kelland in stories for \"The Saturday Evening Post\", and a radio version ran from 1938 through 1950 Scattergood Baines Scattergood Baines is a 1941 American comedy-drama film. It is based on a novel by Clarence Budington Kelland. The character of Scattergood was also popular during the days of live radio. In the film, Guy Kibbee plays the title character. The plot has him choosing the small New England town of Cold River to settle down in and, twenty years later, his outmaneuvering of the townspeople both when it"
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"retrieved": [
"SC Verdun Sport Club Verdun (Capeverdean Crioulo, ALUPEC or ALUPEK: \"Sport Klubi Verdun\", also in the São Vicente Crioulo: \"Sport Klube Verdun\") is a football (soccer) club that plays in the Sal Island League in Cape Verde. The team is based in the village of Pedra de Lume in the east of the island of Sal, though they play in Espargos' stadium, the home field which is made up of dirt is rarely used for practices. Its current chairman is Alcindo Conceição Silva and its current manager is Domingo Gomes who replaced Djulhiano Santos which he now manages Juventude. The club was founded on May 1, 1945 and is the second oldest club on the island after SC Santa Maria. The club celebrated its 25th anniversary in 1970. The team won their first island title in 1980 and failed to proceed in the national championships. Later, Verdun celebrated its 50th anniversary in 1995. In 2001, Verdun won their only regional cup title and proceeded them into the regional super cup where they would be victorious after defeating Académica do Sal and won their first of two titles. Verdun finished first in Sal and won their second and last title in 2014, their next in 34 years. Their second and recent appearance in the nationals was in 2014, no wins were made, four losses were made, they had only a point made at their first match of the season, a two goal draw with Académica do Fogo. Verdun's total regional championship titles were shared with GD Palmeira as fifth and last until 2018, Verdun is now solely last in the most regional championship titles and is ranked sixth. Verdun appeared in the 2014 regional super cup and claimed their second and last title, where they defeated the cup winner Juventude. The club were moderate for the next two seasons with a slight slip in position, Verdun finished fourth with 12 points, 3 wins and draws and seven goals were scored. Verdun played in the extended 2016 season which had some successes, they finished with 19 points and had six wins, a draw and scored 18 goals, the only unsuccessful was they finished fifth. That started the three year downturn for the club, the first the introduction of the Second Division in 2014 led by the growing population of the island, a year later, the relegation of a last place club. In the 2016-17 season, the club was trapped in last place and would be for the whole season, it was the final downturn for the club and also being the fall of Verdun Pedra de Lume. Verdun Pedra de Lume became the second club to be relegated and became the first of the original six to be relegated and next season, a Second Division club. Verdun conceded the most goals for most of the time, at the 13th round, the club conceded 23 goals. On April 30, Santa Maria's big win over Gaviões now has Verdun the second most (24) to Gaviões' 30. Verdun Pedra de Lume finished with four points and had four draws and had 10 losses, 5 goals were scored. Domingo Gomes later lost his job as coach for Verdun. Verdun's first ever Second Division participation was the Opening Tournament, they headed up to the final GDRC Pretória 3-1 at extra time as the match had a goal draw during regulation. They won their only Second Division's Opening Tournament title for 2017. Verdun Pedra de Lume started the 2017-18 Second Division season, a few rounds later, Verdun Pedra de Lume was second behind the new entrant Oásis Atlântico and remained in that position as of the sixth round. Two rounds later, they were etching for a return into the Premier Division or remain in the Second Division next season as they were second with 14 points, six less than Oásis Atlântico. Verdun made a two goal draw with the newcomer Oásis Atlântico, after Verdun completely lost a chance of returning to the Premier Division and will spend another season in the Second Division next season, The final match would be the highest in the second Division, an 0-6 win over Nova Geração, they scored a total of 21 goals, behind Oásis Atlântico. Verdun Pedra de Lume finished second with 18 points, five less than Oásis Atlântico. Estádio Marcelo Leitão is a multi-use stadium in Espargos, Cape Verde. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 8,000. The stadium has seat rows in the east side and is east-southeast of the city center and Monte Curral. The stadium is home to the two best football clubs on the island, Académico do Aeroporto and Académica do Sal, other clubs based in Espargos includes Juventude which is based in Morro Curral and the stadium is being located inside the neighborhood. Other clubs based in Espargos but a neighborhood includes the newly established clubs of Gaviões and Chã de Matias. Clubs playing the stadium but based on other parts of the island include Santa Maria, Pedra de Lume or Verdun, Palmeira de Santa Maria, ASGUI and Florença. Its logo features a crest and are colored yellow on left and green on right, the first letters of the club name SCV goes from top to the bottom and has the shovel and a digger, the words work, sport and unity (\"trabalho, desporto, unidade\" in Portuguese) are read on the middle and progress (\"progresso\" in Portuguese) in the yellow ribbon. SC Verdun Sport Club Verdun (Capeverdean Crioulo, ALUPEC or ALUPEK: \"Sport Klubi Verdun\", also in the São Vicente Crioulo: \"Sport Klube Verdun\") is a football (soccer) club that plays in the Sal Island League in Cape Verde. The team is based in the village of Pedra de Lume in the east of the island of Sal, though they play in Espargos' stadium, the home field which is made up of dirt is rarely used for practices. Its current chairman is Alcindo Conceição Silva and its current manager is Domingo Gomes who"
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"retrieved": [
"The Big Break II The Big Break II first aired on September 27, 2004. The majority of the series was filmed at the Stallion Mountain Country Club in Las Vegas, though the matchplay final was held at Vegas' Bali Hai Golf Club. The winner of this edition picked up exemptions into four selected Nationwide Tour events in 2005 (all of which aired on The Golf Channel), a $10,000 cash prize, and a new Ford Five Hundred. The second season's ten hopefuls were Don Donatello of Lake Mary, Florida; Jay McNair of Brandon, Florida; Kip Henley III of Crossville, Tennessee; Bart Lower of Ann Arbor, Michigan; David Gunas, Jr. of Amston, Connecticut; Sean Daly of San Luis Obispo, California; John Turk of Melbourne, Florida; Mike Foster, Jr. of Savannah, Georgia; Shelby Chrest of Olds, Alberta; and Scott Yancy III of Glen Carbon, Illinois. Smith returned to host, this time, joined by Lesley Swanson. Henley and Donatello were the final two, and their match needed two extra playoff holes, with Henley eventually winning. Lower also received a prize. A viewer poll determined that of the eight previously eliminated contestants, Lower deserved another chance at his \"big break,\" and with 37% of the vote, more than anyone else, Lower was invited to take part in \"The Big Break IV\", which he accepted. Henley notes in this diary entry that he has gained further awards since his victory. On April 27, 2005, Henley qualified for the PGA Tour's FedEx St. Jude Classic, and qualified for it again in 2011 by winning a local PGA qualifier. The Big Break II The Big Break II first aired on September 27, 2004. The majority of the series was filmed at the Stallion Mountain Country Club in Las Vegas, though the matchplay final was held at Vegas' Bali"
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"Fernand Nault Fernand Nault, OC, CQ (27 December 1920 – 26 December 2006) was a Canadian dancer and choreographer. He was born Fernand-Noël Boissonneault in Montreal. After he abandoned his original career choice to become a priest, he studied dance first with Maurice Morenoff in Montreal and later with prominent teachers in New York City, London, and Paris. In 1944, Nault was hired by the American Ballet Theatre at an audition in Montreal to replace an injured dancer. He went on to become a distinguished character dancer, ballet master with the company, and later director of the company's school. After twenty-one years with the company, he returned to Montreal in 1965 and accepted the invitation of Ludmilla Chiriaeff to become co-artistic director and resident choreographer of Les Grands Ballets Canadiens. Nault's best-known work is probably his spectacular production of \"Casse-Noisette\" (\"The Nutcracker\"), which has been performed annually during the Christmas season in Montreal for many years. Other major works include \"Carmina Burana\", created in 1962 and given a new production in 1966 by Les Grands Ballets Canadiens for the company's season during Expo 67, and the hugely successful rock ballet \"Tommy\", created in 1970 and based on the rock opera by The Who. Nault was also choreographer and ballet master for the École Supérieure de Danse du Québec, the school established by Madame Chiriaeff in 1966. He remained active with Les Grands Ballets Canadiens for many years and in 1990 was named choreographer emeritus, a title he held until his death. Besides his work for Canadian companies, he was also guest choreographer for several troupes in the United States, including the Denver Civic Ballet, the Atlanta Ballet, and the Colorado Ballet, for which he also served for a time as artistic director. Nault was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1977 and a Chevalier de l'Ordre National du Québec in 1990. In 2000, Nault received a Governor General's Performing Arts Award for Lifetime Artistic Achievement, Canada's foremost honour in the performing arts. He died in Montreal the day before his 86th birthday after a long battle with Parkinson's disease. Fernand Nault Fernand Nault, OC, CQ (27 December 1920 – 26 December 2006) was a Canadian dancer and choreographer. He was born Fernand-Noël Boissonneault in Montreal. After he abandoned his original career choice to become a priest, he studied dance first with Maurice Morenoff in Montreal and later"
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"Short-tailed emerald The short-tailed emerald (\"Chlorostilbon poortmani\") is a species of hummingbird found in the Andes of Colombia and Venezuela. It has also been called Poortman's emerald hummingbird. The binomial name was given by Jules Bourcier (1797–1873), a French naturalist and expert on hummingbirds. The short-tailed emerald is found in clearings and at borders of forest, woodland, open areas with scattered trees, and in coffee plantations at altitudes of up to in the Andes of central Colombia to far western Venezuela. The bird has a wide range, estimated at 64,000 square kilometres. The global population and population trends have not been quantified. Although the species is described as 'uncommon' in parts of its range, it is not believed to be near the threshold for inclusion in the IUCN Red List (\"viz.\", the population is not thought to be fewer than ten thousand mature individuals, with numbers declining). The bird has an overall length of approximately . The bill is straight, about long and black. The short-tailed emerald closely resembles several other members of the genus \"Chlorostilbon\". While its tail is relatively short, a few other species from the genus have equally short tails (e.g. the green-tailed emerald). The male's bird's whole crown and belly are a solid glittering emerald green, with iridescence, the back a shining green, while the feathers of his short tail are a darker olive green. The female bird also has a shining green back, but her crown is nearer to brown in colour, while her underparts are grey, and she has a short white streak behind her eye. Her tail is pale green, with two central feathers of shining green and with an off-white tip and a blue-black subterminal band. There are two subspecies, the Santander emerald (\"Chlorostilbon poortmani euchloris\") and the short-tailed emerald (\"Chlorostilbon poortmani poortmani\"). The English ornithologist John Gould depicts \"Poortman's emerald hummingbird\" in a lithograph dated 1860, from the neighborhood of Bogotá, Colombia, with a Victoria water lily against the background of a lake, a juxtaposition which has been called \"one of the most striking examples of a plant chosen for its fame and beauty rather than its appropriateness\". Short-tailed emerald The short-tailed emerald (\"Chlorostilbon poortmani\") is a species of hummingbird found in the Andes of Colombia and Venezuela. It has also been called Poortman's emerald hummingbird. The binomial name was given by Jules Bourcier (1797–1873), a French naturalist and expert on"
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"retrieved": [
"Manjinder Virk Manjinder Virk is an English actress, director and writer. She has appeared in the television series \"Holby City\" (1999), \"Doctors\" (2000), \"The Bill\" (2004), \"The Ghost Squad\" (2005), \"Runaway\" (2009), \"Skins\" (2010), \"Monroe\" (2011), \"Hunted\" (2012) and \"Midsomer Murders\" (2016 –2018). She has also written and directed the short films \"Forgive\" (2008) and \"Out of Darkness\" (2013), the latter of which she won Best of Fest award at the Aesthetica Short Film Festival. Virk was born in Coventry, England. Her mother's name is Jasvir. She comes from a family of three children. She began acting at the Belgrade Youth Theatre in Coventry and went on to become artistic director of Pangram Dance Theatre with her brother, Hardish. She went on to earn a degree in contemporary dance at De Montfort University in Leicester. In 1999, Virk started off on the British TV series \"Holby City\", which was just the beginning of her television career. She later appeared in three separate episodes of the TV soap opera \"Doctors\", first in 2000 as Karen Slater, again in 2004 as Laila Khalid and in 2007 playing Harpit Jindal. The roles she is most notable for are her roles in 2007's \"Britz\" as Nasima Wahid, and the 2010 documentary \"The Arbor\" portraying Lorraine Dunbar. The latter she earned three nominations, Best Newcomer at the BFI London Film Festival Awards and Best Actress and Newcomer at the BIFA Awards. She also had a small reoccurring role on the British medical drama show \"Monroe\", recently appeared on the new BBC One show \"Hunted\" and has a recurring role on \"Midsomer Murders.\" In 2003, she wrote a play for a show for touring company Theatre Centre titled \"Glow\". In 2008, Virk wrote and directed the short film \"Forgive\" starring Sacha Dhawan and Abdi Gouhad. In 2012, she wrote and directed another short called \"Out of Darkness\" starring Tom Hiddleston, Monica Dolan, Andrew Gower, Jimmy Akingbola, Christine Bottomley and Riz Ahmed. She met husband Neil Biswas on the set of the TV drama \"Bradford riots\" in 2007. As of 2013, she and her husband live in Brixton, South London. Virk was nominated in 2010 for Best Newcomer at the BFI London Film Festival Awards and Best Actress and Newcomer at the BIFA Awards, both for her role in \"The Arbor\". She was one of the UK Stars of Tomorrow in Screen International in 2007. She was also nominated for Asian Woman of Achievement Award in 2008. In 2013, for her short film \"Out of Darkness\", Virk won Best of Fest award at the Aesthetica Short Film Festival. Manjinder Virk Manjinder Virk is an English actress, director and writer. She has appeared in the television series \"Holby City\" (1999), \"Doctors\" (2000), \"The Bill\" (2004), \"The Ghost Squad\" (2005), \"Runaway\" (2009), \"Skins\" (2010), \"Monroe\" (2011), \"Hunted\" (2012) and \"Midsomer Murders\" (2016 –2018). She has also written and directed the short films \"Forgive\" (2008) and \"Out of Darkness\" (2013), the latter of which she won Best of Fest award"
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"Gliogenesis Gliogenesis is the generation of non-neuronal glia populations derived from multipotent neural stem cells. Gliogenesis results in the formation of non-neuronal glia populations derived from multipotent neural stem cells. In this capacity, glial cells provide multiple functions to both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Subsequent differentiation of glial cell populations results in function-specialized glial lineages. Glial cell-derived astrocytes are specialized lineages responsible for modulating the chemical environment by altering ion gradients and neurotransmitter transduction. Similarly derived, oligodendrocytes produce myelin, which insulates axons to facilitate electric signal transduction. Finally, microglial cells are derived from glial precursors and carry out macrophage-like properties to remove cellular and foreign debris within the central nervous system ref. Functions of glial-derived cell lineages are reviewed by Baumann and Hauw. Gliogenesis itself, and differentiation of glial-derived lineages are activated upon stimulation of specific signaling cascades. Similarly, inhibition of these pathways is controlled by distinct signaling cascades that control proliferation and differentiation. Thus, elaborate intracellular-mechanisms based on environmental signals are present to regulate the formation of these cells. As regulation is much more known in the CNS, its mechanisms and components will be focused on here. Understanding the mechanisms in which gliogenesis is regulated provides the potential to harness the ability to control the fate of glial cells and, consequently, the ability to reverse neurodegenerative diseases. Following the generation of neural stem cells, an option is presented to proceed to enter neurogenesis and form new neurons within the CNS, shift into gliogenesis, or remain in a pluripotent cell state. The mechanisms determining the ultimate fate of neural stem cells are conserved among both invertebrate and vertebrate species and are determined from extracellular cues generated from neighboring cells. Most work to derive such mechanisms, however, began with invertebrate models. Conclusions reached from these studies have directed attention to specific signaling molecules and effector pathways that are responsible for mediating the cellular events required for maintaining or changing the neural stem cell fate. Notch signaling is known to mediate prominent cellular events that result in gliogenesis. The Notch family proteins are transmembrane receptors that are ligand activated. In the presence of ligand effectors, the intracellular domain of the receptor is cleaved and sequestered to the nucleus where it acts to influence expression of transcription factors required for gliogenesis. Transcription factors synthesized as a result of the Notch signaling cascade bind to promoters of genes responsible for glial determination. Additionally, Notch signaling also acts to downregulate many genes responsible for neuronal development, thus inhibiting a neuron phenotype from arising. Both actions collectively function to promote glial fate. In certain CNS tissue, JAK/STAT signaling is also known to promote gliogenesis Significant levels of the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) are expressed immediately preceding gliogensis in response to environmental cues allowing the activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Kinase activity phosphorylates STAT proteins which then are recruited by transcription factors. The STAT complex is targeted to promoters of genes responsible for gliogenesis activation. It is important to recognize that when isolated, receptor-mediated signaling cascades can produce distinct actions, however, when in vivo coopertivity often exists among receptor pathways and results in much more complicated cellular actions. The receptor-proteins responsible for gliogenic pathways are often ligand activated. Upon binding of Delta or \"Jagged\", the notch-mediated signaling cascades are activated leading to gliogenic transcription factor production as discussed above. As noted for receptor-proteins, in vivo interactions among different growth factor responsible for gliogenesis and other cell fates produce very different roles than when isolated. To ensure proper temporal differentiation as well as correct quantities of glial cell formation, gliogenesis is subjected to stringent regulatory mechanisms. Proneural factors are expressed in high concentrations during times in which glial cells are not to form or neuron development is needed. These protein signals function to inhibit many of the signals utilized during the induction of gliogenesis. Additionally, the properties and abundance of receptor molecules that mediate gliogenesis are altered, consequently disrupting propagation of induction signals. During periods in which glial cell formation in discouraged, neural stem cells have the option to remain pluripotent or switch pathway lineages and begin forming neurons during neurogenesis. If neuron development is instructed, neurogenic factors, i.e. BMPs, are present to induce expression of proneural transcription factors like Neurogenin and Mash-1. These transcription factors function to interact with transcription factors generated from Notch signaling. Consequently, this complex is sequestered away from promoters activating gliogenesis and now directed to promoters that influence activity directed for neuron development. Neurogenin proteins regulate JAK/STAT signaling by similar mechanisms. Recently, an alternative mechanism to regulate differentiation has been proposed in addition to inhibition through growth factors. Changes in local sensitivity of neural stem cells have been shown to modulate the differentiation capacity of growth factors. Over developmental time, neural stem cells lose the ability to respond to growth factors that influence differentiation as intrinsic changes occur to receptor structure and function of these cells. It has been shown Notch receptors require 50-fold higher concentrations of ligand effectors to initiate differentiation responses similar to that of developmentally earlier neural stem cells. Decrease in sensitivity of Notch receptors reduces the activity of Notch-signaling required for gliogenesis to occur. Consequently, neural stem cells have developed a general mechanism limiting further differentiation after intense specialization during the early developmental periods. The internalization, or endocytosis, of receptor proteins from the cell’s plasma membrane contributes to yet another mode of regulation of cellular function. While receptor internalization has the potential to regulate cellular functions in both a positive and negative fashion, internalization of the Notch receptor is shown to down-regulate the events leading to gliogenesis as this process is Notch-signaling dependent During repression of gliogenesis, expression of the Notch-binding protein, Numb, is elevated. Numb is suggested to function in two manners: 1) When expressed, Numb will interact with specific endocytic proteins and create a link between the notch receptor and the endocytic vesicles. The vesicle-receptor complex generated will be targeted back to the cell membrane and the membrane receptor will be recycled to the cell surface never reaching the nucleus. Alternatively, 2) Numb is suggested to recruit additional molecules other than endocytic proteins. In particular, ubiquitin ligases are shown to be recruited by Numb in mammals. The ubiquitin ligases ubiquitinates Notch and targets it for degradation Whatever the mechanism of Numb, the Notch receptor does not reach the nucleus and the transcription factors required for gliogenesis are not generated. Recent work has demonstrated abnormalities in the signaling pathways responsible for gliogenesis and neurogenesis could contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and tumor development within",
"vesicles. The vesicle-receptor complex generated will be targeted back to the cell membrane and the membrane receptor will be recycled to the cell surface never reaching the nucleus. Alternatively, 2) Numb is suggested to recruit additional molecules other than endocytic proteins. In particular, ubiquitin ligases are shown to be recruited by Numb in mammals. The ubiquitin ligases ubiquitinates Notch and targets it for degradation Whatever the mechanism of Numb, the Notch receptor does not reach the nucleus and the transcription factors required for gliogenesis are not generated. Recent work has demonstrated abnormalities in the signaling pathways responsible for gliogenesis and neurogenesis could contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and tumor development within the nervous system. Recognizing the distinct pathways controlling neural stem fate, as discussed above, provides one the opportunity to intervene in the pathogenesis of these diseases. The pathology of neurodegenerative diseases is associated with the disruption of gliogenic pathways and has been recently reviewed. The subventricular zone (SVZ) of the forebrain is of special interest when evaluating errant gliogenic pathways as it is the largest store of neural stem cells in the brain. In Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients, lesions in this area are frequently observed and often extend outward toward the lateral ventricles of the brain. Immune cells infiltrate the gliogenic regions within the SVZ adjacent to the lesions and initiate inflammatory response mechanisms in response to damage in this region. It is suggested that cytokine release during the inflammatory response reduces, foremost, the inherent neural stem cell populations, and jointly the potential of the remaining neural stem cell to differentiate to glial-fates. Consequently, a reduction of glial-derived oligodendroctyes, among others, compromise maintenance of myelin production for axon insulation, a hallmark phenotype among MS patients. Consequences of gliogenesis disruption among other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's Diseases are currently being investigated and strong mechanistic evidence is shown for pathogenesis similar to MS. Disruption of controlled glial generation subsequently results in tumorigenesis and glioma formation within the central nervous system. Loss of contact inhibition, cellular migration, and unregulated proliferation are characteristic of gliomas. Consistent with other tissues, these malignant phenotypes result most commonly from chromosome deletions, translocations, and point mutations. Linskey reviews both the genetic contributions and phenotypic observations of glioma In non-carcinogenic neural stem cells, key regulatory mechanisms prevent uncontrolled gliogenic proliferation. However, such mechanisms are disrupted upon genetic damage. Studies now suggest glioma formation may result from cellular insensitivity to regulatory growth factors and cell signals, like neurogenin, that would normally inhibit further proliferation of glial cells. Conformational changes in receptor proteins are thought to occur, leaving the cell constitutively proliferating. Understanding the pathology of these neurodegenerative diseases and establishment of therapeutic interventions require recognition of the processes of induction and inhibition of gliogenesis and the regulating mechanisms coordinating the intricate system established from both actions. Cell replacement strategies are now intensely studied as a possible therapeutic intervention of glial associated neurodegenerative disorders and glial tumors. Similar to any novel strategy, however, set-backs and liabilities accompany the promises this technique withholds. For cell replacement to function efficiently and demonstrate robust results, introduced cells must be 1) generated in sufficient yield and 2) immunocompatible with the host and 3) able to sustain self-growth. New perspectives within stem cell biology and gliogenesis regulation have provided new insights within the past decade to begin addressing these challenges. Reprogramming terminally differentiated neural lineages back to neural stem cells permits regeneration of a multipotent self-lineage that can be redirected to cellular-fates affected during neurogenerative diseases, oligodendrocytes with MS patients or astrocytes in those affected with Alzheimer's, in the presence of proper environmental signals. It can be expected that as the signaling pathways discussed are shown as prominent regulators during glial cell generation, these same pathways will become therapeutic targets for glial-derived and other CNS cancers. In medulloblastomas, in vivo studies have begun targeting notch pathways by blocking Notch receptors with specific inhibitors preventing further differentiation. When used, pathway inhibitors provided 10-fold greater sensitivity to apoptotic induction in medulloblastoma cells Recognition of the regulatory mechanisms of gliogenesis provide new direction for intervention of neurogenic disorders. Gliogenesis Gliogenesis is the generation of non-neuronal glia populations derived from multipotent neural stem cells. Gliogenesis results in the formation of non-neuronal glia populations derived from multipotent neural stem cells. In"
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"Planter class The planter class, known alternatively in the United States as the Southern aristocracy, was a socio-economic caste of Pan-American society that dominated seventeenth- and eighteenth-century agricultural markets through the forced labor of enslaved Africans. The Atlantic slave trade permitted planters access to inexpensive labor for the planting and harvesting of crops such as cotton, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar cane, sisal, oil seeds, oil palms, rubber trees, and fruits. In the American South, planters maintained a distinct culture characterized by its similarity to the manners and customs of European nobility with an emphasis on chivalry, gentility, and hospitality, the latter becoming a marked trait of modern Southern society. After the American Civil War, many in this class saw their wealth greatly reduced as the enslaved Africans were freed. Union forces under Generals William T. Sherman and Phillip Sheridan had also cut wide swaths of destruction through portions of Virginia, the Carolinas and Georgia destroying crops, killing or confiscating livestock, burning barns and gristmills, and in some cases torching plantation houses themselves in scorched earth tactics designed to starve the Confederacy into submission. After emancipation, many plantations were converted to sharecropping with freed Africans working as sharecroppers on the same land they had worked as slaves before the war. During the Gilded Age many were purchased by wealthy northern industrialists as hunting retreats. Later some plantations became museums, often on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Planters were prolific throughout the British, Dutch, French, Portuguese and Spanish colonies of North and South America, and the West Indies. Popular characters of this class include William Byrd, Mary Chesnut, Jefferson Davis, Thomas Jefferson, Robert E. Lee, Valcour Aime, Sallie Ward, George Washington, and the fictional Scarlett O'Hara. The search for gold and silver was a constant theme in overseas expansion, but there were other European demands the New World could also satisfy, which contributed to its growing involvement in the Western-dominated world economy. While Spanish America seemed to fulfill dreams of mineral wealth, Brazil became the first major plantation colony in 1532, organized to produce a tropical crop – sugar – in great demand and short supply in Europe. The other major powers, England, France and the Netherlands, soon thereafter hoped to establish profitable colonies of their own. Presented with new opportunities, Europeans disenchanted by the rigid social structures of feudalism emigrated to the abundant virginal lands of the colonial frontier. Arriving through the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, settlers landed on the shores of an unspoiled and hostile countryside. Early planters first began as colony farmers providing for the needs of settlements besieged by famine, disease and tribal raids. Native Americans friendly to the colonists taught them to cultivate native plant species including tobacco, sugar and fruits, which within a century would become a global industry itself funding a multinational slave trade. Colonial politics would come to be dominated by wealthy noble landowners interested in commercial development. In an effort to reduce the financial burden of continental wars, European governments began instituting land pension systems by which a soldier, typically an officer, would be granted land in the colonies for services rendered. This incentivized military professionals to settle in the Americas and thus contribute to colonial defense against foreign colonists and hostile Natives. John Rolfe, a settler from Jamestown, was the first colonist to grow tobacco in North America. He arrived in Virginia with tobacco seeds procured from an earlier voyage to Trinidad, and in 1612 harvested his inaugural crop for sale on the European market. During the 17th century, the Chesapeake Bay area was immensely hospitable to tobacco cultivation. Ships annually hauled 1.5 million pounds (680,000 kilograms) of tobacco out to the Bay by the 1630s, and about 40 million pounds (18 million kilograms) by the end of the century. Tobacco planters financed their operations with loans from London. When tobacco prices dropped precipitously in the 1750s, many plantations struggled to remain financially solvent. In an effort to combat financial ruin planters either pushed to increase crop yield or, with the depletion of soil nutrients, converted to growing cotton. In 1720, coffee was first introduced to the West Indies by French naval officer Gabriel de Clieu, who procured a coffee plant seedling from the Royal Botanical Gardens in Paris and transported it to Martinique. He transplanted it on the slopes of Mount Pelée and was able to harvest his first crop in 1726, or shortly thereafter. Within fifty years there were 18,000 coffee trees in Martinique enabling the spread of coffee cultivation to Saint-Domingue, New Spain and other islands of the Caribbean. The French territory of Saint-Domingue began cultivating coffee in 1734, and by 1788 supplied half the global market. The French colonial plantations relied heavily on African slave laborers. However, the harsh conditions that slaves endured on coffee plantations precipitated the Haitian Revolution. Coffee had a major influence on the geography of Latin America. An age of enlightenment dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the eighteenth century. Philosophers began writing pamphlets against slavery and its moral and economic justifications, including Montesquieu in \"The Spirit of the Laws\" (1748) and Denis Diderot in the \"Encyclopédie\". The laws governing slavery in the French West Indies, the \"Code Noir\" of Louis XIV, granted unparalleled rights for slaves to marry, gather publicly, or abstain from work on Sundays. It forbade slave owners to torture or to separate families; and though corporal punishment was sanctioned, masters who killed their slaves or falsely accused a slave of a crime and had the slave put to death would be fined. Masters openly and consistently broke the \"Code\" and passed local legislation that reversed its less desirable articles. Enlightenment writer Guillaume Raynal attacked slavery in the 1780 edition of his history of European colonization. He also predicted a general slave revolt in the colonies, saying that there were signs of \"the impending storm.\" Sugar production in Saint-Domingue was sustained under especially harsh conditions, including the humid climate of the Caribbean, where diseases such as malaria and yellow fever caused high mortality. White planters and their families, together with the merchants and shopkeepers, lived in fear of slave rebellion. Thus, in the functions of society and efforts to combat dissent, cruelty was noted in the form of overwork, inadequate food and shelter, insufficient clothing and medical care, rape, lashings, castration and burnings. Runaway slaves—called Maroons—hid in the jungles away from civilization, living off the land and what could be stolen in violent raids on the island's sugar and coffee plantations. Although the numbers in these bands grew large (sometimes into the thousands), they generally lacked the leadership and strategy to accomplish large-scale objectives. In April 1791, a massive slave insurgency rose violently against the plantation system, setting a precedent of resistance to slavery. On 4 February 1794, during the French Revolution, the National Assembly of the First Republic abolished slavery in France and its colonies. The military successes of the French Republic and Napoleon carried across Europe the ideals of egalitarianism and brought into question the practice of slavery in the colonies of other European powers. The legality of slave ownership under English common law was abolished in 1772, but this failed to abolish slavery overseas. British banks continued to finance the",
"the numbers in these bands grew large (sometimes into the thousands), they generally lacked the leadership and strategy to accomplish large-scale objectives. In April 1791, a massive slave insurgency rose violently against the plantation system, setting a precedent of resistance to slavery. On 4 February 1794, during the French Revolution, the National Assembly of the First Republic abolished slavery in France and its colonies. The military successes of the French Republic and Napoleon carried across Europe the ideals of egalitarianism and brought into question the practice of slavery in the colonies of other European powers. The legality of slave ownership under English common law was abolished in 1772, but this failed to abolish slavery overseas. British banks continued to finance the commodities and shipping industries in the colonies they had earlier established which still relied upon slavery, despite the legal developments in Great Britain. In 1783, an anti-slavery movement began among the British population, and that same year a group of Quakers founded the first British abolitionist organization. William Wilberforce led the cause of abolition through the parliamentary campaign. His efforts finally abolished the slave trade in the British Empire with the Slave Trade Act 1807. He continued to campaign for the abolition of slavery in the British Empire, which he lived to see in the Slavery Abolition Act 1833. A plantation house served to group the owner's family, guests and house slaves within one large structure in a central location on the estate. Often starting as a modest abode, the house was enlarged or replaced with a newer, more impressive home as the planter's wealth grew. Commonly seen is the addition of massive Greek Revival columns, curved stairs, semi-detached wings, and other architectural elements popular at the time. The French origins of planters in Canada, Louisiana and Saint-Domingue heavily influenced the development of French Colonial architecture, characterized by its wide hipped rooves extending over wrap-around porches, thin wooden columns, and living quarters raised above ground level. Learning building practices from the West Indies, colonists designed practical dwellings for a territory prone to flooding. A notable loss of plantation homes in Louisiana is attributed to an economic shift from agriculture to industry during the Reconstruction era. Many homes were lost to the predatory lending practices of carpetbaggers in the closing days of the American Civil War, including that of Confederate General P.G.T. Beauregard after his crop of sugar cane was lost to the flood waters of a ruptured levee. Georgian architecture was widely disseminated in the English colonies during the Georgian era. American buildings of the Georgian period were very often constructed of wood with clapboards; even columns were made of timber, framed up, and turned on an oversized lathe. At the start of the period the difficulties of obtaining and transporting brick or stone made them a common alternative only in the larger cities, or where they were obtainable locally. A premier example of Georgian planter architecture is Westover Plantation, built in the mid-eighteenth century as the residence of William Byrd II, founder of the City of Richmond. An elaborate doorway, which is recognized as \"the Westover doorway,\" adorns the main entrance and contrasts an otherwise simple construction. During the American Civil War the house served as the headquarters of Union General Fitz John Porter, protégé of George McClellan, who was stationed at nearby Berkeley Plantation, and purportedly had its East wing stuck by a Confederate cannonball fired from the south side of the James River. The wing caught fire and lay in ruin until Mrs. Clarise Sears Ramsey, a Byrd descendent, purchased the property in 1899. She was instrumental in modernizing the house, rebuilding the East wing and adding hyphens to connect the main house to the previously separate dependencies, thereby creating one long building. Introduced to the continent by George Berkeley in the 1720s, Palladian architecture became popular with American society in the construction of colleges and public buildings, while many houses too were built in the Jefferson Paladian style of Monticello. Andrea Palladio developed Palladianism in the sixteenth century, publishing in 1570 \"Quattro Libri\", a treatise on architecture in four volumes and illustrated with woodcuts after Palladio's own drawings. Covered and columned porches feature prominently in Palladian architecture, in many cases dominating the main facade. Red brick exteriors and either slanted or domed rooves are commonplace among residential buildings. Monticello, residence of U.S. President Thomas Jefferson, was built in a style unique to Jefferson. This has been emulated in the construction of many colleges, such as The Rotunda of the University of Virginia, as well as churches, court houses, concert halls, and military schools. Planter class The planter class, known alternatively in the United States as the Southern aristocracy, was a socio-economic caste of Pan-American society that dominated seventeenth- and eighteenth-century agricultural markets through the forced labor of enslaved Africans. The Atlantic slave trade permitted planters access to inexpensive"
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"Kampong Serani Kampong Serani is a residential neighbourhood within the city of George Town in Penang, Malaysia. Located within the Pulau Tikus suburb, the neighbourhood lies west of the city centre. It is bounded by College Avenue to the west and Leandro's Lane to the east. The neighbourhood was formerly inhabited by ethnic Eurasians, who had moved into the area as early as the 19th century. However, most of the original Eurasian residents had since relocated to other areas in George Town, following the redevelopment of Kampong Serani into a modern neighbourhood in the late 1990s. Despite the urbanisation, the neighbourhood still retains some of its Eurasian characteristics and is home to the Penang Eurasian Association. Kampong Serani in Malay is a direct translation of the settlement's English name, \"Eurasian Village\". The first Eurasian settlers, who were fleeing religious persecution in Siam, had arrived at Pulau Tikus in 1811 and chose to build their settlement, named \"Kampong Serani\", within the area. As the Eurasians were predominantly Catholic, the settlement was centred around the Church of the Immaculate Conception. Adjacent to the church was College General, a Catholic seminary which had been relocated to the settlement in 1808. Towards the end of the 20th century, Kampong Serani was earmarked for redevelopment, drawing objections and protests by the Eurasian community. Eventually the settlement was completely bulldozed by 1994; commercial complexes and condominiums now stand at the site of the former Eurasian settlement. However, the street names within the neighbourhood, such as Leandro's Lane and College Lane, still bear Eurasian and Catholic influences, while the Penang Eurasian Association remains based at the area. Kampong Serani is served by Rapid Penang's bus routes 101, 102, 104 and 304, as well as the free-of-charge Pulau Tikus Loop (PTL) and the Congestion Alleviation Transport (CAT) Tanjung Tokong route. These routes link Kampong Serani with George Town proper, as well as other destinations on Penang Island, including the Penang International Airport, Queensbay Mall, Batu Ferringhi and Teluk Bahang. Kampong Serani is home to Convent Pulau Tikus and its primary branch, SRK Convent Pulau Tikus. The all-girls' school was established in 1922, before being relocated to its present-day grounds in 1950. Kampong Serani Kampong Serani is a residential neighbourhood within the city of George Town in Penang, Malaysia. Located within the Pulau Tikus suburb, the neighbourhood lies west of the city centre. It is bounded by College Avenue"
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"Walton & Hersham F.C. Walton & Hersham Football Club is a semi-professional football club based in Walton-on-Thames, Surrey. Founded in 1945 after the amalgamation of Walton F.C. and Hersham F.C., they currently play in the . The club is affiliated to the Surrey County Football Association. Walton F.C. was formed in 1895, and merged with Hersham F.C. following World War II. The club first played in the Corinthian League, winning it a league record three consecutive times from 1947 to 1949. After the dissolution of the Corinthian League, they joined the Athenian League and won the Premier Division in 1969. The club's most successful period soon followed with an FA Amateur Cup win at Wembley Stadium in 1973. After a brief spell with Sir Stanley Matthews appointed club president, Walton & Hersham were promoted to the Isthmian top flight in 1994 but saw relegation just two years later. Former Millwall chairman Theo Paphitis became a member of the board of directors in the 2000s. The club were relegated to the Combined Counties League Premier Division following the 2015–16 season. In August 2017, Walton & Hersham left Stompond Lane and moved into the Elmbridge Sports Hub - a £20 million sports complex development shared with Walton Casuals. The Swans inspired the name of punk band Sham 69 (who formed in 1976), as they derived it from a piece of graffiti which read 'Walton & Hersham 69'. In 1945, after World War II, Walton F.C. amalgamated with Hersham F.C. to form Walton & Hersham. The club joined the newly formed Corinthian League and after a poor first season, won the league three consecutive times from 1946 to 1949. They won the Surrey Senior Cup for the first team in the 1947–48 season, beating Kingstonian 2–1 at Crystal Palace. The club were elected to the Athenian League for the 1950–51 season, and won the Surrey Senior Cup for a second time after beating Dulwich Hamlet. Walton & Hersham reached the FA Amateur Cup semi-finals in both the 1951–52 and 1952–53 seasons. During this period the club gained a substantial following, and set a record crowd of 10,000 at Stompond Lane when Crook Town visited. The team included England and Great Britain Olympic defender C.R. \"Jack\" Neale, and the club's record goalscorer Reg Sentance. The club reached the FA Cup First Round for the first time in 1957–58, losing 6–1 to Southampton in front of 6,000 people. They won the Surrey Senior Cup for a third time in 1960–61, and retained the trophy the following year. The Athenian League expanded in 1963 and Walton & Hersham were placed in the Premier Division. A period of mid-table football followed until the 1967 appointment of Allen Batsford as manager heralded a new era of success. In 1968–69 he won the Athenian League, followed by two successive visits to the FA Cup First Round in 1969–70 and 1970–71. The Surrey Senior Cup was won again in 1970–71. Walton & Hersham were elected to the Isthmian League in 1971, and the 1972–73 season proved statistically their greatest ever. They won the Surrey Senior Cup, finished as runners-up in the league, reached the FA Cup Second Round for the first time and, most prestigiously, won the FA Amateur Cup, defeating Slough Town at Wembley Stadium. They set a unique record by winning the competition without conceding a goal. Players including Dave Bassett, Willie Smith and Roger Connell became regulars in the England amateur international team. In 1973–74, the club reached the FA Cup Second Round again, having beaten Brian Clough's Brighton & Hove Albion at Goldstone Ground 4–0. Following the defeat, Clough almost got into a fight with comedian Eric Sykes, who was associated with Brighton & Hove Albion at the time and was laughing about the result to a friend during a phone call. In 1974, Batsford left to manage Wimbledon and took several players with him. Walton & Hersham were relegated in 1975 and, although they reached the FA Cup First Round again in the 1975–76 season, they went close to extinction in the late 1970s. They inspired the name of punk band Sham 69 (who formed in 1976), as they derived it from a piece of graffiti which read 'Walton & Hersham 69'. Despite briefly having Sir Stanley Matthews as President, the club endured a lean period throughout the 1980s. Walton & Hersham were promoted to the Isthmian top flight in 1994, and reached the FA Cup First Round again that season, although relegation followed in 1996. They were promoted the following year, but relegation followed again in 2000. After a spell in the Isthmian League First Division, they appointed long-serving player Alan Dowson as manager and he led them to a successful 2004–05 season, with promotion secured as runners-up. After the resignation of Alan Dowson in October 2006, former Gillingham first-team coach Bobby Paterson took over after a long search for a new manager. Walton & Hersham were relegated that season and Paterson's contract was terminated. The assistant manager Les Cleevely - the former Carshalton Athletic player/assistant manager for whom he made over 500 appearances - took over. Former Millwall chairman Theo Paphitis became a member of Walton & Hersham's board of directors, and after a mid-table finish to the 2007–08 season, Les Cleevely became the academy coach while Jimmy Bolton took over as manager. In March 2009, Jimmy Bolton was replaced for the rest of the season by Matt Elverson as caretaker manager. During the 2009 off-season, John Crumplin was appointed manager, although his reign only lasted until September 2010. Chuck Martini was appointed soon after. At the end of the 2015-16 season Walton & Hersham were relegated to the Combined Counties Football League Premier Division. The club appointed Simon Haughney as first team manager on 22 June 2016, with former Guyana international Howard Newton as assistant manager. From October 2017 Walton & Hersham play their home games at New Stompond Lane, off Waterside Drive, Walton-on-Thames, Surrey, KT12 2JP. Prior to this they played at The Sports Ground, Stompond Lane which will soon become housing. ! Position ! Name Walton & Hersham F.C. Walton & Hersham Football Club is a semi-professional football club based in Walton-on-Thames, Surrey. Founded in 1945 after the amalgamation of Walton F.C. and Hersham F.C., they currently play in the . The club is affiliated to the Surrey County Football Association. Walton F.C. was formed in 1895, and merged with Hersham F.C. following World War II. The club first played in the Corinthian League, winning it a league record three consecutive times from 1947 to 1949. After the dissolution of"
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"Pete Nance Pete Lucas Nance (born February 19, 2000) is an American college basketball player. He will begin playing for the Northwestern Wildcats men's basketball team during the 2018–19 season. Nance played at Revere High School. In his senior season, Nance was 6 feet, 10 inches tall and weighed 205 pounds. That year, Nance led Revere to its first district championship, and he was named the Ohio Division II Player of the Year. On June 29, 2017, Nance committed to playing for Northwestern Wildcats men's basketball team starting in the 2018–19 season. In doing so, Nance declined offers from the University of Michigan and the Ohio State University. Nance was a four-star recruit and the highest-ranked recruit in program history. Scout.com ranked him as the 83rd-best overall player and the 19th-best power forward in the country. Meanwhile, 247Sports ranked him 64th overall. Nance is the son of Larry Nance Sr. and the younger brother of Larry Nance Jr., both of whom have played in the National Basketball Association. Nance also has an older sister named Casey. Pete Nance Pete Lucas Nance (born February 19, 2000) is an American college basketball player. He will begin playing for the Northwestern Wildcats men's"
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"Rowing at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's lightweight double sculls Women's lightweight double sculls competition at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing was held between August 10 and 17 at the Shunyi Olympic Rowing-Canoeing Park. This rowing event is a double sculls event, meaning that each boat is propelled by a pair of rowers. The \"scull\" portion means that the rower uses two oars, one on each side of the boat; this contrasts with sweep rowing in which each rower has one oar and rows on only one side. As a lightweight rowing competition, the body mass of the rowers was limited to a maximum of 59 kilograms each and 57 kilograms on average. The competition consisted of multiple rounds. Finals were held to determine the placing of each boat; these finals were given letters with those nearer to the beginning of the alphabet meaning a better ranking. Semifinals were named based on which finals they fed, with each semifinal having two possible finals. During the first round three heats were held. The top two boats in each heat advanced to the A/B semifinals, with the rest going to the repechage. The repechage heats gave rowers another chance at the top semifinals, as the best three boats in each of the two repechage heats also moved on to the A/B semifinals. The remaining boats went from the repechage to the C final. Only A/B semifinals were held. For each of the two semifinal races, the top three boats moved on to the better of the two finals (the A final), while the bottom three boats went to the lesser of the two finals (the B final). The third and final round was the Finals. Each final determined a set of rankings. The A final determined the medals, along with the rest of the places through 6th. The B final gave rankings from 7th to 12th. The C final gave the rest of the rankings, down to 17th place of the 17 boats competing. Rowing at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's lightweight double sculls Women's lightweight double sculls competition at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing was held between August 10 and 17 at the Shunyi Olympic Rowing-Canoeing Park. This rowing event is a double sculls event, meaning that each boat is propelled by a pair of rowers. The \"scull\" portion means that the rower uses two oars, one"
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"Soukhyam Soukhyam (English: Comfort) is a 2015 Telugu action romantic comedy film produced by V. Anand Prasad on Bhavya Creations banner and directed by A.S. Ravikumar Chowdary. Starring Gopichand, Regina Cassandra in the lead roles and music composed by Anup Rubens. Kona Venkat and Gopimohan provided the screenplay, written by Sridhar Sepanna. Prasad Murella is the cinematographer, Gautham Raju is the editor and the film released on 24 December 2015 on the eve of Christmas.The film was a disaster at the box-office. The film was dubbed into Hindi as \"Mard Ki Zaban 2\" by Goldmines Telefilms in 2017. Seenu (Gopichand) is a happy go lucky guy having a happy joint family. He falls in love with a beautiful girl Sailaja / Sailu (Regina) on a train journey from Hyderabad to Tirupathi and woos her. By the time Sailu agrees to his proposal, however, the obstacle in the story comes in the form of her father PR (Devan) who is an influential political broker in Kolkatta who wants his daughter to marry the Chief Minister’s son. So he kidnaps his daughter. The second issue is that Seenu’s father (Mukesh Rushi) is a modest man who wants to stay away from influential and violent people. He asks his son to stay away from this mess and move on with his life. On the other hand, unknowingly Seenu promises Bavuji (Pradeep Rawat) a local goon to rescue a girl whom he wants his son to marry because Bavuji has saved his father from an accident. Shockingly, Shailu turns out to be that girl and now he has to save Shailu from the clutches of Bavuji, PR and also ensure that she is not forcibly married to anyone. After some routine fights, Seenu gets the girl and lives happily after. Music composed by Anup Rubens. Music released on Zee Music Company. Soukhyam Soukhyam (English: Comfort) is a 2015 Telugu action romantic comedy film produced by V. Anand Prasad on Bhavya Creations banner and directed by A.S. Ravikumar Chowdary. Starring Gopichand, Regina Cassandra in the lead roles and music composed by Anup Rubens. Kona Venkat and Gopimohan provided the screenplay, written by Sridhar Sepanna. Prasad Murella is the cinematographer, Gautham Raju is the editor and the film released on 24 December 2015 on the eve of Christmas.The film was a disaster at the box-office. The film was dubbed into Hindi as \"Mard Ki Zaban 2\""
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"Robert William Bradford Robert William Bradford (C.M.) (born December 17, 1923) is a pioneering Canadian aviation artist, instrumental in the founding of the Canada Aviation Museum. Born December 17, 1923 in York Township, Ontario, Robert William Bradford and his twin brother, James, enlisted together in the Royal Canadian Air Force when they were 18. Bradford trained on the de Havilland Tiger Moth and Avro Anson, but he never saw operational duties. He was injured in a crash while waiting assignment, which required several months of hospitalization. After the war, Bradford became an aviation illustrator first for A. V. Roe Canada Limited in 1949 and then, in 1953, for de Havilland Aircraft of Canada. While serving as Chief Illustrator for de Havilland, in 1961, Bradford drew the attention of Ken Molson, curator of the recently formed Canada Aviation Museum. Molson commissioned Bradford to produce a series of historical aviation pieces. Bradford produced eighteen images depicting historically significant aircraft and events, and, in 1966, was hired as the museum's Assistant Curator. Eventually, Bradford succeeded Molson to the curator position. At this time in the museum's history, the collection was housed in World War II-era hangars at Rockcliffe. In 1978, Bradford began collaborating with the new National Air Museum Society (Friends of the National Aviation Museum) to secure a new facility from the Federal Government. This was a project that continued over the next several years, as Bradford served in 1982 as Director of the National Museum of Science and Technology, the Aviation Museum's parent and returned in 1984 to the National Aviation Museum as Associate Director. Their efforts paid off, and the new facility opened at Ottawa's Rockcliffe Airport in 1988. That same year, Bradford was named Patron of the Canadian Aviation Historical Society. In 1989, the collection secure, Bradford retired from the Museum, but continued his career as a painter. In addition to murals for the Museum, Bradford also produced sixteen Canadian postage stamps featuring historic aircraft as well as accepting commissions commemorating such events as the 50th anniversary of Alcock and Brown's trans-Atlantic flight, the first winner of the McKee Trophy \"Doc\" Oaks, and Billy Bishop's Victoria Cross winning aerial action. For his artistic achievements, in 1974 he became the first Canadian artist to receive the American Aviation Historical Society's Aviation Award. In 1982, he received the Paul Tissandier Diploma from the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale for his curatorial and artistic accomplishments. In 1989, he became a Member of the Order of Canada, and in 1996 he was inducted into Canada’s Aviation Hall of Fame. Robert William Bradford Robert William Bradford (C.M.) (born December 17, 1923) is a pioneering Canadian aviation artist, instrumental in the founding of the Canada Aviation Museum. Born December 17, 1923 in York Township, Ontario, Robert William Bradford and his twin brother, James, enlisted together in the Royal Canadian Air Force when they were 18. Bradford trained on the de Havilland Tiger Moth and Avro Anson, but he never saw operational duties. He was injured in a"
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"Asthma (film) Asthma is a 2014 American romantic drama film written and directed by Jake Hoffman and starring Benedict Samuel and Krysten Ritter. It is Hoffman's directorial debut. Gus is a young rock and roller who steals a white Rolls Royce and invites a beautiful tattoo artist named Ruby on a joyride out of the city where they smoke and talk about life. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 10%, based on 10 reviews, with an average rating of 3.8/10. On Metacritic, the film has a score of 41 out of 100, based on 6 reviews. Tom Keogh of \"The Seattle Times\" wrote that the film \"loses its spark and momentum long before the halfway point — a genuine disappointment.\" Katie Walsh of the \"Los Angeles Times\" wrote that the film \"suffers from near-lethal doses of self-satisfied hipness.\" Asthma (film) Asthma is a 2014 American romantic drama film written and directed by Jake Hoffman and starring Benedict Samuel and Krysten Ritter. It is Hoffman's directorial debut. Gus is a young rock and roller who steals a white Rolls Royce and invites a beautiful tattoo artist named Ruby on a joyride out of the city where they smoke"
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"Charles Phillips (bishop) Charles Phillips was a member of the Church Mission Society (CMS) based in the Lagos Colony who became Bishop of Ondo. Charles Phillips was the son of a former Egba slave also called Charles Phillips who returned from Sierra Leone to work as a catechist at Ijaye. Phillips gained his secondary education at the CMS Training Institution at Abeokuta. He was taught by G.F. Buhler, who served from 1857 to 1864. For twelve years Phillips was catechist at Breadfruit Church in Lagos. Phillips was ordained as a Native deacon on 5 March 1876, with Daniel Coker and Nathaniel Johnson. In 1873 Captain Glover, the Governor of Lagos colony, helped to restore the deposed king of Ondo to his throne. In gratitude, the king invited the CMS to establish a mission in his city. The mission was opened two years later. In January 1877 Phillips took charge as pastor at Ondo. Conversion of the \"heathen\" Yoruba was helped by similarities or analogies between Christianity and the traditional Yoruba religion. In 1878 Phillips wrote of an old woman who became convinced that \"prayer is more efficacious than sacrifice\" after her husband and her brother recovered from illness. On the other hand, Phillips reported that \"the generality of our Lagos young men begin to think that polygamy is not opposed to the principles of Christianity\". In the 1870s there were several outbreaks of smallpox. In July 1879, a Sango priest from out of town called on Phillips, and cynically described how he had accepted gifts to suppress the disease, which would not in fact happen until it had run its course and destroyed all the witches and charm-makers in the country. Later Phillips lost three of his four children to smallpox. He noted that some of the believers of the traditional religion attributed the disease to tolerance of Christianity by the Yorubas. His son Thomas King Ekundayo Phillips, born in 1884, would become for many years organist and Master of the Music at the Cathedral Church of Christ, Lagos. In 1885 a visiting mission reported that the Rev. Phillips at times served as an interpreter for CMS preachers at Yoruba services in Lagos. Towards the end of the Yoruba Wars, the Lagos administration, acting through Samuel Johnson and Charles Phillips, arranged a ceasefire in 1886 and then a treaty that guaranteed the independence of the Ekiti towns. The British House of Commons recorded its appreciation of the work that the two Yorubas had done for their country. Ilorin refused to cease fighting however, and the war dragged on for several more years. In 1891 the Anglican church created the diocese of Western Equatorial Africa, based in Lagos and headed by Bishop Hill, who died of fever almost as soon as he arrived from England. Herbert Tugwell replaced Hill in 1894. The CMS decided to create two assistant bishops to help with the workload of the large diocese and to assuage African opinion. James Johnson, although the most prominent clergyman in the colony, was considered unsafe. Instead the more conservative Charles Phillips was appointed, along with Isaac Oluwole, a former principal of the CMS Grammar School, Lagos. Phillips has left a record of the embarrassment he felt when approached by J.S. Hill on 2 November 1892 about the position of assistant bishop. He felt that he did not have sufficient experience, that he was poorly educated and that \"there are eligible seniors whose presence makes my selection very inviduous and uncomfortable\". Joseph Sidney Hill, Isaac Oluwole and Charles Phillips were consecrated as bishop and assistant bishops on 29 June 1893. Operating in the eastern part of Yorubaland at some distance from Lagos, Phillips had a degree of independence but still had to report to the European-controlled Executive Council in Lagos. Although he visited the missionaries in his territory annually and had some control over them, they refused to have an African as their ecclesiastical master. By 1899, Phillips had a community of 158 converts at Ondo. Phillips attempted to organize a church at Ile-Ife, but met resistance from the Ooni Olubuse of Ife who did not want to upset the priests of the traditional religion. With difficulty, land was acquired at Iyekere and a small church and school were built in 1899. The Ooni remained hostile however, causing difficulties until Charles Phillips died in 1919.(This date contradicts panel at top of page. Which is correct?) Sources Charles Phillips (bishop) Charles Phillips was a member of the Church Mission Society (CMS) based in the Lagos Colony who became Bishop of Ondo. Charles Phillips was the son of a former Egba slave also called Charles Phillips who returned from Sierra Leone to work as a catechist at Ijaye. Phillips gained his secondary education at the CMS Training Institution at Abeokuta. He was taught"
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"USS R-5 (SS-82) USS \"R-5\" (SS-82) was an \"R\"-class coastal and harbor defense submarine of the United States Navy. Her keel was laid down on 16 October 1917 by the Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, Massachusetts. She was launched on 24 November 1918 sponsored by Miss Margaretta King, and commissioned on 15 April 1919, Lieutenant Commander Eric L. Barr in command. After completion at the Boston Navy Yard, \"R-5\" got underway on 28 April 1919 for New London, Connecticut, where she was assigned to Submarine Division 9 of the Atlantic Fleet. She headed south on 4 December for Norfolk, Virginia, and winter exercises with her division in the Gulf of Mexico from 21 January to 14 April 1920. \"R-5\" later returned to Newport, Rhode Island, on 18 May for four months of summer training in New England waters. Then given hull classification symbol SS-82 (effective 17 July) she sailed 13 September for Norfolk and an overhaul that was completed in April 1921. In company with , \"R-5\" was ordered to the Pacific Ocean on 11 April 1921, transited the Panama Canal on 28 May, and arrived on 30 June at her new base, San Pedro, California. In January 1923 she was used in the filming of the Twentieth Century-Fox motion picture \"The Eleventh Hour\", and engaged in war games with the battle fleet in the Gulf of Fonseca from 5 February to 6 April 1923. She was transferred on 16 July along with Division 9 to Pearl Harbor where she was based for the next eight years engaged in training and operations with fleet units. \"R-5\" made an endurance run to Midway Island in July and August 1924 and in December, during division exercises off Pearl Harbor, rammed in the after battery room, causing extensive damage to both ships. \"R-5\" was transferred back to the Atlantic on 12 December 1930 with Divisions 9 and 14 transited the Panama Canal on 28 January 1931 and arrived at New London on 9 February. She was assigned to Division 4 on 1 April and acted as training ship for the Submarine School until sailing on 28 April 1932 for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where she decommissioned on 30 June 1932. After recommissioning on 19 August 1940, \"R-5\" reported to Division 42 at New London on 30 October. She sailed on 10 December for the submarine base at Coco Solo, Panama Canal Zone, where she was assigned patrol duty in the Bay of Panama until returning to New London on 31 October 1941. She underwent overhaul and in December relieved on patrol along the Bermuda-New England shipping lanes. Through the U-boat offensives of 1942 she maintained those patrols, operating out of New London and Bermuda, and alternating them with anti-submarine training operations for destroyers and destroyer escorts. Twice during the first part of the year she made contact with U-boats and once, on 10 February, fired torpedoes, but none found its mark. From 1943 into 1945, \"R-5\" continued to rotate between New London and Bermuda. After the end of World War II, she was ordered to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, for inactivation, Arriving on 6 September, she decommissioned on 14 September and was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 11 October 1945. On 22 August 1946, \"R-5\" was sold for scrap to John J. Duane of Quincy, Massachusetts. USS R-5 (SS-82) USS \"R-5\" (SS-82) was an \"R\"-class coastal and harbor defense submarine of the United States Navy. Her keel was laid down on 16 October 1917 by the Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, Massachusetts. She was launched on 24 November 1918 sponsored by Miss Margaretta King,"
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"Episcopal Diocese of Liberia The Episcopal Diocese of Liberia is a diocese in the Anglican Communion founded by missionaries from the Episcopal Church. During the 1851 General Convention of the Episcopal Church, the Rev. John Payne, a missionary from Virginia was consecrated as missionary bishop for Cape Palmas and other areas of West Africa, which became Liberia. The name of the jurisdiction was changed to the Missionary District of Liberia on October 17, 1913, and to the Episcopal Diocese of Liberia on January 1, 1970. In 1951, the Archbishop of Canterbury authorized creation of the Province of West Africa. On March 18, 1982, the diocese of Liberia joined the Church of the Province of West Africa. Although some Anglican churches in Africa recently broke away in a dispute concerning the ordination of homosexuals as clergy, the Episcopal Diocese of Liberia remains in full communion. Bishops of the Episcopal Diocese of Liberia included: John Payne (1851-1871)<br> John Gottlieb Auer (1873-1874)<br> Charles Clifton Penick (1874-?)<br> Samuel David Ferguson (1885-1916)<br> Walter H. Overs (1919-)<br> Theophilus Momolu Gardiner (1921-<br> Robert E. Campbell (bishop) (1925-1936)<br> Leopold Kroll (1936-1945)<br> Bravid W. Harris (1947-1964)<br> Dillard H. Brown Jr. (1961-<br> George Browne Episcopal Diocese of Liberia The Episcopal"
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"retrieved": [
"Juana Rosa Aguirre Juana Rosa Aguirre Luco (November 20, 1877 – December 8, 1962) was First Lady of Chile (between December 25, 1938- November 25, 1941) and the wife of President Pedro Aguirre Cerda, who was also her cousin. She was the daughter of the popular doctor José Joaquín Aguirre Campos and his second wife Mercedes Luco Gutiérrez. She and Pedro Aguirre Cerda were married in 1916, but they never had children. She became the First Lady of Chile in 1938 when her husband assumed the presidency. She was greatly committed to education, was popular with the public, and was a supporter of women's participation in politics in Chile. After the death of her husband from tuberculosis in 1941, she established in his memory the Pedro Aguirre Cerda Children's Home Foundation to care for abandoned children. Juana Rosa Aguirre Juana Rosa Aguirre Luco (November 20, 1877 – December 8, 1962) was First Lady of Chile (between December 25, 1938- November 25, 1941) and the wife of President Pedro Aguirre Cerda, who was also her cousin. She was the daughter of the popular doctor José Joaquín Aguirre Campos and his second wife Mercedes Luco Gutiérrez. She and Pedro Aguirre Cerda were"
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"retrieved": [
"Campaign Life Coalition The Campaign Life Coalition (sometimes shortened to Campaign Life) is a Canadian political lobbyist organization founded in 1978. Based in Toronto, the organization advocates for socially conservative values. In addition to its initial goals of opposing abortion and euthanasia, Campaign Life Coalition advocates for what it describes as traditional family values, including opposition to same-sex marriage, sex education, homosexuality, pre-marital sex, and the use of contraceptive methods. At the provincial level in Ontario, Campaign Life helped to establish and initially supported the Family Coalition Party (FCP). Following the FCP's name change to the New Reform Party of Ontario and the election of Patrick Brown as the new leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario in 2015, the CLC seemingly switched support to the Ontario PCs. The CLC endorsed Brown's bid for the leadership, along with other social conservative leadership candidate Monte McNaughton, and released a statement congratulating Brown on his victory. The group later became critical of Brown after he publicly announced that he would not repeal the new provincial sex education curriculum changes if he becomes premier. Its LifeSiteNews website even called Kathleen Wynne and Justin Trudeau more honest than Brown, because they openly campaigned for the social values that they supported, while Brown's policy changes on social issues made it difficult to know what his views are. In 2005 the coalition criticised the Conservative Party of Canada for nominating John Baird and Peter Kent to run as candidates, as both had supported the legalization of same-sex marriage. It expressed support for John Pacheco's \"independent conservative\" candidacy against Baird in Ottawa West—Nepean, and for Greg Watrich's independent candidacy against sitting Tory MP James Moore (Port Moody—Westwood—Port Coquitlam), a supporter of Bill C-38. Campaign Life endorsed candidates Brad Trost and Pierre Lemieux in the 2017 Conservative leadership election. Campaign Life Coalition founded LifeSiteNews, a self described news website dedicated to \"issues of culture, life, and family\", in 1997. It also runs Daily News reports and information pages with the stated goal of \"provid[ing] balance and more accurate coverage on culture, life and family matters than is usually given by other media.\" It says its writers and researchers \"are located in various cities in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Italy, Australia, New Zealand and France,\" and it also runs a Spanish version of LifeSiteNews.com. A pro-choice Catholic priest, Raymond Gravel (died 2014), \"who bluntly spoke out in favour of gay marriage, ordination of gay priests and a more tolerant attitude toward abortion\", filed a lawsuit against the website in 2011 for defamation. In 2013, the lawsuit was allowed to advance to trial by a Quebec court. Catholic apologist Dave Armstrong has criticized LifeSiteNews for what he calls its \"radical Catholic reactionary\" stance. Campaign Life Coalition The Campaign Life Coalition (sometimes shortened to Campaign Life) is a Canadian political lobbyist organization founded in 1978. Based in Toronto, the organization advocates for socially conservative values. In addition to its initial goals of opposing abortion and euthanasia, Campaign Life Coalition"
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"James Finley House (Harshaw, Arizona) The James Finley House is a historic home located on the Hale Ranch in the ghost town of Harshaw, Arizona. Built around 1877, the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, and is now the most prominent building remaining in Harshaw. The James Finley House was originally a three-room structure built with red bricks salvaged from a large smokestack in the nearby ghost town of Mowry, Arizona. It is about 100 yards from the ruins of the Hermosa Mill, and originally may have been an office for the Hermosa Mining Company. Sometime later, a porch and four adobe additions were added to the building, including a kitchen, two bedrooms, and a bathroom. Each of the three original rooms has a fireplace and windows with stone quarry lintels and sills. In 1890, the Tucson businessman James Finley bought the old Harshaw Mine, including the house, and built a new mill that was put into operation the same year. Three years later the Hermosa Mining Company leased the Harshaw Mine from Finley and remodeled the mill, but ran out of capital before finding any ore. The demonitization of silver the same year and the building of the railroad through the town of Patagonia, eight miles to the north, spelled the end of Harshaw. Finley died in 1903 and although the mine was later sold, it was not developed any further. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 19, 1974, due to its architectural significance and its association with mining in the Harshaw area in the late 19th century. Today, the James Finley House is located on private property directly across the road from the Hale Ranch headquarters in Harshaw, Arizona. It is not open to visitors. James Finley House (Harshaw, Arizona) The James Finley House is a historic home located on the Hale Ranch in the ghost town of Harshaw, Arizona. Built around 1877, the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, and is now the most prominent building remaining in Harshaw. The James Finley House was originally a three-room structure built with red bricks salvaged from a large smokestack in the nearby ghost town of Mowry, Arizona. It is about 100 yards from the ruins of the Hermosa Mill, and originally may have been an office for the Hermosa Mining"
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"Pilot (Bones) \"Pilot\" is the first episode of the television series \"Bones\", which premiered on the FOX network on September 13, 2005. It is written by series creator Hart Hanson and directed by Greg Yaitanes. It introduces the two main characters of the series, Dr. Temperance Brennan (played by Emily Deschanel) and FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth (played by David Boreanaz), and their partnership in solving cases involving unidentified human remains. Returning to Washington, D.C., after two months in Guatemala, where she was identifying victims of genocide, renowned forensic anthropologist Dr. Temperance Brennan is accosted at the airport by an agent from Homeland Security for carrying a human skull in her bag (when the agent grabbed her, Dr Brennan, who is a student of three different martial arts, easily took him down until the gathering security drew their guns on her). Upon the arrival of FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth, Brennan is released, which she finds odd and realizes that it was his plot to get her to help him on an FBI case. She refuses to help until Booth promises her full participation in the case. At the crime scene, Brennan and Booth find decomposed human remains with only the bones remaining. Brennan and her assistant, Zack Addy (Eric Millegan), determine the victim is a woman 18 to 22 years old and was a tennis player. Back at the Jeffersonian Institute, Brennan argues with her boss, Dr. Daniel Goodman (Jonathan Adams), for assigning her to work with other federal agencies without consulting her. Inside the Medico-Legal Lab of the Jeffersonian Institute, Brennan examines the victim's remains while her colleagues inquire about the resemblances between themselves and the characters in her new book, \"Bred in the Bone\". Dr. Jack Hodgins (T. J. Thyne), an entomologist, finds that the victim has been in the pond for more than two summers. Hodgins has also found small bone fragments in the silt, which he guesses are \"rana temporaria\" or, simply, frog bones. Dr Brennan's best friend Angela Montenegro (Michaela Conlin), a forensic artist who flashed the airport clerk to get his attention when trying to find Brennan to pick her up at the start of the episode, uses a computer program she has developed, called the Angelator, to make a three-dimensional holographic reconstruction of the reassembled skull. The victim is revealed to be Cleo Louise Eller, a missing Senate intern who was rumored to have had an affair with Senator Bethlehem. Brennan wants to confront the Senator but Booth argues that he is not the only suspect. The Senator's aide, Ken Thompson, was Cleo's boyfriend. There is also Cleo's stalker, Oliver Laurier. Booth tells Brennan that they have a major case and that FBI Deputy Director Cullen is going to want to set up a special unit to investigate. To do everything by the book he wants her to stay at her lab; but Brennan coerces Booth into agreeing to let her come with him into the field. Based on the particulates embedded in Cleo's skull, Hodgins determines that Cleo's skull may have been smashed by a sledgehammer on a cement floor with diatomaceous earth. By the distinctive damage done to her finger pads and the way the body was hidden, the team determines that the murderer had put a lot of effort into hiding the body. Hodgins also reveals that Cleo was taking medicine for her depression, while Brennan realizes that the small bones found with Cleo's body are not frog bones but fetal ear bones, indicating Cleo Eller was pregnant. Hodgins, a devout conspiracy theorist, convinces Brennan that they may never find the truth because Senator Bethlehem will impede the investigation. Without telling Booth, Brennan recklessly confronts the Senator. Consequently, Deputy Director Cullen removes Booth from the case, but Brennan refuses to give up. With the help of her fellow scientists, she uncovers evidence that Cleo Eller's boyfriend, Ken Thompson, had killed Cleo because he feared the scandal of Cleo's pregnancy would affect his career negatively. Almost every episode of Season 1 contains a popular culture reference to which the character Dr. Temperance Brennan replies with her catch phrase, \"I don't know what that means\". In the pilot, Brennan reveals she is ignorant of \"The X-Files\" when Booth remarks, \"We're Scully and Mulder.\" Despite the fact that the series is set in Washington, D.C., filming of the pilot and subsequent episodes primarily took place in Los Angeles, California. Footage of Washington, D.C. was shot by the second unit with body doubles. The first scene featuring the characters Angela Montenegro and Dr. Temperance Brennan inside Washington Dulles International Airport was actually shot at Los Angeles Convention Center, while the opening shot of a plane landing was taken from footage filmed at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport. Series creator and writer Hart Hanson describes the murder victim at the center of the episode as a \"Chandra-Levy-type congressional intern\". The story alludes to the power of politicians and allowed Hanson to establish the character of Dr. Temperance Brennan, who is driven to find the truth despite the barriers presented by politics. The pilot episode of \"Bones\" attracted an average of 10.8 million viewers with 6.7% household share and 11% household rating. It was the highest number of viewers Fox has received for a prime-time Tuesday-night drama series premiere since \"24\" premiered in 2001. \"Bones\" finished first among the 18 to 49 years old demographic and in total viewers in its Tuesday 8:00 pm ET time slot. Based on the episode, \"New York\" described the show as \"the best drama of the new network season\" and a \"sexed-up variation of all the CSIs\". Gillian Flynn of \"Entertainment Weekly\" writes that although \"Bones\" has a \"pretty standard Crossing Jordan/CSI-style framework\", its main attraction is the chemistry between the two lead characters; \"that old Sam-and-Diane, Maddie-and-David, Mulder-and-Scully opposites-attract stuff never feels standard when it's done right.\" Similarly, \"USA Today\" comments that compared to other crime shows, the show \"is built on a more traditional and solid foundation: the strength of its characters\" and \"what sets Tuesday's Bones premiere apart from the procedural pack are stars Emily Deschanel and David Boreanaz, as the season's most appealing new crime fighters.\" On the other hand, \"Media Life Magazine\" says that while \"Bones\" has \"an amazingly clever notion, brilliant even\", its \"execution doesn't match the conception\" and \"fails to evolve into a gripping series. In fact, it quickly becomes so derivative of so much else on television - especially, strangely, \"X-Files\" - that one might even call it bone-headed.\" In the opinion of \"Variety's\" Brian Lowry, the pilot lacked originality. He writes: \"'Bones' aspires to achieve a mix of 'House' and 'X-Files' chic (there's even a reference to Scully and Mulder), but for the most part its playful banter feels forced and the way-cool visual flourishes overly familiar. What's left, then, is another crime procedural with a not-especially-fresh twist, which, admittedly, has proved a surprisingly durable skeleton over which to drape new dramas.\" The song played during the funeral scene is \"Gone\", from Thirteen Senses's album \"The Invitation\". The song played when Dr. Brennan is re-constructing the skull is \"Collide\" (VF) by Howie Day and/or \"Broken Bridge\" (VO) by Daughter Darling. The song played in the senator's house is \"Teardrop\" by Massive Attack. Pilot (Bones) \"Pilot\" is the first episode of the television series \"Bones\", which premiered on the FOX network on September 13, 2005. It is written by series creator Hart Hanson and directed by Greg Yaitanes. It introduces the two main characters of the series, Dr. Temperance Brennan (played by Emily Deschanel) and FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth (played by David Boreanaz), and their partnership in solving cases involving unidentified human remains. Returning to",
"drape new dramas.\" The song played during the funeral scene is \"Gone\", from Thirteen Senses's album \"The Invitation\". The song played when Dr. Brennan is re-constructing the skull is \"Collide\" (VF) by Howie Day and/or \"Broken Bridge\" (VO) by Daughter Darling. The song played in the senator's house is \"Teardrop\" by Massive Attack. Pilot (Bones) \"Pilot\" is the first episode of the television series \"Bones\", which premiered on the FOX network on September 13, 2005. It is written by series creator Hart Hanson and directed by Greg Yaitanes. It introduces the two main characters of the series, Dr. Temperance Brennan (played by Emily Deschanel) and FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth (played by David Boreanaz), and their partnership in solving cases involving unidentified human remains. Returning to Washington, D.C., after two months in Guatemala, where she was identifying victims of genocide, renowned"
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"Spoon River College Spoon River College (SRC), located in Canton, Illinois, is one of 48 two-year, open-admission colleges of the Illinois Community College System (ICCS), organized under the Illinois Public Community College Act. Spoon River College's district comprises parts of Schuyler County, McDonough County, Mason County, and Knox County in West-Central Illinois. Spoon River College was founded on October 17, 1959 as Canton Community College, after the Canton Union School District passed a referendum to establish a junior college, to allow students from the local high school district the opportunity to receive post-secondary education similar to university curriculum. It held its first classes in 1960, using space in the Canton Senior High School building. Authorized by the Illinois General Assembly and signed by Illinois Governor Otto Kerner, Jr. in 1961, legislation was later enacted that created the Illinois Board of Higher Education (IBHE). The IBHE was tasked by statute with formulating a master plan for higher education in the state of Illinois. In July 1964 the higher education master plan was published by the IBHE, which led to the Junior College Act of 1965. Under the Junior College Act, Canton was classified as a Class II Junior College. In the mid-1960s, the college moved its operations out of the high school building and into leased space in Canton. In 1968 the formation of Junior College District 534 completed the college's separation from the Canton public school district, and the institution was officially renamed Spoon River College and reclassified as a Class I institution. Spoon River College currently has its main campus in on of land four miles from the city of Canton, Illinois. In 1984, a large second location, known as the Macomb Campus, was opened in Macomb, Illinois, and occupied the old Macomb High School building. The building required extensive renovation which took ten-years and $2.6 million to complete. In addition to these two large campuses, the college holds for-credit classes at learning centers in Havana, Illinois and Rushville, Illinois. Spoon River College also holds non-credit and career development classes at two Community Outreach Centers in Macomb and Canton, Illinois. High demand for both credit and non-classes and training at the Macomb Campus has led to the building of an expansion center. The $2.2 million phase one portion of the project was completed in August 2009. A large $10 million expansion is planned for the extension center in the near future. Spoon River College currently operates a satellite campus at the local Illinois River Correctional Center under contract with the Illinois Department of Corrections. SRC holds vocational and rehabilitative classes at the IDOC facility, closed to the public. Spoon River College is accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools (NCA) to offer certificates, diplomas, and associate degrees. It received the maximum ten-year accreditation approval by the Higher Learning Commission of the NCA during its last review in 2002. Spoon River College has transfer agreements with four-year colleges and universities such as Western Illinois University, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, and University of Illinois at Springfield, as a part of the Illinois Articulation Initiative (IAI), a statewide transfer agreement which ensures general education credits are transferable among more than 100 participating college or universities in Illinois. SRC has a specific dual-enrollment compact with Western Illinois University that began in 1998. The agreement between the schools permits students at SRC to transition into WIU through a pre-defined curriculum and automatic transfer protocol between institutions. In addition to the IAI, SRC offers students a bachelor's degree completion program that allows students to enroll in one of nine participating institutions and take classes at local SRC campuses or online. There are two primary educational tracks at SRC: Transfer Programs, and Career Educational Programs. The two educational tracks offer a total of 35 associate degree programs, and 36 certificate programs. As of April 28, 2011, Spring enrollment at SRC was 1,906, of which 943 were enrolled full-time, and 936 were enrolled part-time. In addition, 94 non-credit enrollees were reported by SRC for the same period. In addition, dual credit enrollees obtaining college credit while attending high school stood at 312. Spoon River College provides a library within its Learning Resources Center at its main Canton, Illinois Campus. It has facilities for study, research, leisure reading, class preparation, and Internet access for students. Although the Illinois Public Community College Act prevents community colleges from building student housing, SRC offers campus housing for its students through a special arrangement with Western Illinois University (WIU). Under a November 1994 agreement between SRC and WIU, SRC students have the opportunity to live in WIU campus housing. The agreement allows a smoother transition for SRC students seeking to transfer to WIU, while allowing the university to utilize unused housing space. Spoon River College students who live on the WIU campus also can access WIU's Beu Health Center. SRC hosts several registered student clubs involved in academic, competitive, and cultural based activities. In addition, the campus has an active chapter of Phi Theta Kappa (ΦΘΚ), the international honor society for two-year colleges and academic programs. SRC also publishes the journal \"Kaleidoscope\", which is a journal of student produced artwork. It is published each spring and offered to the residents of the college district. Spoon River College Spoon River College (SRC), located in Canton, Illinois, is one of 48 two-year, open-admission colleges of the Illinois Community College System (ICCS),"
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"Prince Bright Prince Bright, also known as Bling Sparkles, is a Ghanaian hiplife musician. He is the sole surviving member of the Buk Bak music group after the demise of his partner Ronny Coaches. Prince started his primary education at Kings College in Kokomlemle, continued to City Secondary Business College before moving to Accra Technical Training Centre in Accra to study Graphics and Design. In May 2016, Prince got married to his longtime girlfriend in a private Ghanaian traditional ceremony in Bronx NY. It was rumored in 2017 that he and former member of VIP Promzy might be teaming up to form a new group. Prince Bright Prince Bright, also known as Bling Sparkles, is a Ghanaian hiplife musician. He is the sole surviving member of the Buk Bak music group after the demise of his partner Ronny Coaches. Prince started his primary education at Kings College in Kokomlemle, continued to City Secondary Business College before moving to Accra Technical Training Centre in Accra to study Graphics and Design. In May 2016, Prince got married to his longtime girlfriend in a private Ghanaian traditional ceremony in Bronx NY. It was rumored in 2017 that he and former member of VIP"
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"CRISPR CRISPR () (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a family of DNA sequences found within the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and archaea. These sequences are derived from DNA fragments from viruses that have previously infected the prokaryote and are used to detect and destroy DNA from similar viruses during subsequent infections. Hence these sequences play a key role in the antiviral defense system of prokaryotes. Cas9 (or \"CRISPR-associated 9\") is an enzyme that uses CRISPR sequences as a guide to recognize and cleave specific strands of DNA that are complementary to the CRISPR sequence. Cas9 enzymes together with CRISPR sequences form the basis of a technology known as CRISPR/Cas9 that can be used to edit genes within organisms. This type of gene editing process has a wide variety of applications including use as a basic biology research tool, development of biotechnology products, and potentially to treat diseases. CRISPR is an abbreviation of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats. The term was first used at a time when the origin and function of these subsequences were not known and they were assumed to be prokaryotic in origin. CRISPR are segments of DNA containing short, repetitive base sequences in a palindromic repeat (the sequence of nucleotides is the same in both directions). Each repetition is followed by short segments of spacer DNA from previous integration of foreign DNA from a virus or plasmid. Small clusters of \"cas\" (CRISPR-associated) genes are located next to CRISPR sequences. The CRISPR/Cas system is a prokaryotic immune system that confers resistance to foreign genetic elements such as those present within plasmids and phages that provides a form of acquired immunity. RNA harboring the spacer sequence helps Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins recognize and cut foreign pathogenic DNA. Other RNA-guided Cas proteins cut foreign RNA. CRISPR are found in approximately 50% of sequenced bacterial genomes and nearly 90% of sequenced archaea. A simple version of the CRISPR/Cas system, CRISPR/Cas9, has been modified to edit genomes. By delivering the Cas9 nuclease complexed with a synthetic guide RNA (gRNA) into a cell, the cell's genome can be cut at a desired location, allowing existing genes to be removed and/or new ones added. The Cas9-gRNA complex corresponds with the CAS III CRISPR-RNA complex in the accompanying diagram. CRISPR/Cas genome editing techniques have many potential applications, including medicine and crop seed enhancement. The use of CRISPR/Cas9-gRNA complex for genome editing was the AAAS's choice for breakthrough of the year in 2015. Bioethical concerns have been raised about the prospect of using CRISPR for germline editing. The discovery of clustered DNA repeats occurred independently in three parts of the world. The first description of what would later be called CRISPR is from Osaka University researcher Yoshizumi Ishino and his colleagues in 1987. They accidentally cloned part of a CRISPR together with the \"iap\" gene, the target of interest. The organization of the repeats was unusual because repeated sequences are typically arranged consecutively along DNA. They studied the relation of \"iap\" to the bacterium \"E. coli\". The function of the interrupted clustered repeats was not known at the time. In 1993, researchers of \"Mycobacterium tuberculosis\" in the Netherlands published two articles about a cluster of interrupted direct repeats (DR) in this bacterium. These researchers recognized the diversity of the DR-intervening sequences among different strains of \"M. tuberculosis\" and used this property to design a typing method that was named \"spoligotyping\", which is still in use today. At the same time, repeats were observed in the archaeal organisms of \"Haloferax\" and \"Haloarcula\" species, and their function was studied by Francisco Mojica at the University of Alicante in Spain. Although his hypothesis turned out to be wrong, Mojica's supervisor surmised at the time that the clustered repeats had a role in correctly segregating replicated DNA into daughter cells during cell division because plasmids and chromosomes with identical repeat arrays could not coexist in \"Haloferax volcanii\". Transcription of the interrupted repeats was also noted for the first time. By 2000, Mojica performed a survey of scientific literature and one of his students performed a search in published genomes with a program devised by himself. They identified interrupted repeats in 20 species of microbes as belonging to the same family. In 2001, Mojica and Ruud Jansen, who was searching for additional interrupted repeats, proposed the acronym CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) to alleviate the confusion stemming from the numerous acronyms used to describe the sequences in the scientific literature. In 2002, Tang, et al. showed evidence that CRISPR repeat regions from the genome of Archaeoglobus fulgidus were transcribed into long RNA molecules that were subsequently processed into unit-length small RNAs, plus some longer forms of 2, 3, or more spacer-repeat units. A major addition to the understanding of CRISPR came with Jansen's observation that the prokaryote repeat cluster was accompanied by a set of homologous genes that make up CRISPR-associated systems or \"cas\" genes. Four \"cas\" genes (\"cas\" 1 - 4) were initially recognized. The Cas proteins showed helicase and nuclease motifs, suggesting a role in the dynamic structure of the CRISPR loci. In this publication the acronym CRISPR was coined as the universal name of this pattern. However, the CRISPR function remained enigmatic. In 2005, three independent research groups showed that some CRISPR spacers are derived from phage DNA and extrachromosomal DNA such as plasmids. In effect, the spacers are fragments of DNA gathered from viruses that previously tried to attack the cell. The source of the spacers was a sign that the CRISPR/\"cas\" system could have a role in adaptive immunity in bacteria. All three studies proposing this idea were initially rejected by high-profile journals, but eventually appeared in other journals. The first publication proposing a role of CRISPR-Cas in microbial immunity, by the researchers at the University of Alicante, predicted a role for the RNA transcript of spacers on target recognition in a mechanism that could be analogous to the RNA interference system used by eukaryotic cells. Koonin and colleagues extended this RNA interference hypothesis by proposing mechanisms of action for the different CRISPR-Cas subtypes according to the predicted function of their proteins. Experimental work by several groups revealed the basic mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas immunity. In 2007, the first experimental evidence that CRISPR was an adaptive immune system was published. A CRISPR region in \"Streptococcus thermophilus\" acquired spacers from the DNA of an infecting bacteriophage. The researchers manipulated the resistance of \"S. thermophilus\" to phage by adding and deleting spacers whose sequence matched those found in the tested phages. In 2008, Brouns and Van der Oost identified a complex of Cas proteins (called Cascade) that in \"E. coli\" cut the CRISPR RNA precursor within the repeats into mature spacer-containing RNA molecules (crRNA), which remained bound to the protein complex. Moreover, it was found that Cascade, crRNA and a helicase/nuclease (Cas3) were required to provide a bacterial host with immunity against infection by a DNA virus. By designing an anti-virus CRISPR, they demonstrated that two orientations of the crRNA (sense/antisense) provided immunity, indicating that the crRNA guides were targeting dsDNA. That year Marraffini and Sontheimer indeed confirmed that a CRISPR sequence of \"S. epidermidis\" targeted DNA and not RNA to prevent conjugation. This finding was at odds with the proposed RNA-interference-like mechanism of CRISPR-Cas immunity, although a CRISPR-Cas",
"proteins (called Cascade) that in \"E. coli\" cut the CRISPR RNA precursor within the repeats into mature spacer-containing RNA molecules (crRNA), which remained bound to the protein complex. Moreover, it was found that Cascade, crRNA and a helicase/nuclease (Cas3) were required to provide a bacterial host with immunity against infection by a DNA virus. By designing an anti-virus CRISPR, they demonstrated that two orientations of the crRNA (sense/antisense) provided immunity, indicating that the crRNA guides were targeting dsDNA. That year Marraffini and Sontheimer indeed confirmed that a CRISPR sequence of \"S. epidermidis\" targeted DNA and not RNA to prevent conjugation. This finding was at odds with the proposed RNA-interference-like mechanism of CRISPR-Cas immunity, although a CRISPR-Cas system that targets foreign RNA was later found in \"Pyrococcus furiosus\". A 2010 study showed that CRISPR-Cas cuts both strands of phage and plasmid DNA in \"S. thermophilus\". Researchers studied a simpler CRISPR system from \"Streptococcus pyogenes\" that relies on the protein Cas9. The Cas9 endonuclease is a four-component system that includes two small RNA molecules named CRISPR RNA (crRNA) and trans-activating CRISPR RNA (tracrRNA). Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier re-engineered the Cas9 endonuclease into a more manageable two-component system by fusing the two RNA molecules into a \"single-guide RNA\" that, when combined with Cas9, could find and cut the DNA target specified by the guide RNA. By manipulating the nucleotide sequence of the guide RNA, the artificial Cas9 system could be programmed to target any DNA sequence for cleavage. Another group of collaborators comprising Virginijus Šikšnys together with Gasiūnas, Barrangou and Horvath showed that Cas9 from the \"S. thermophilus\" CRISPR system can also be reprogrammed to target a site of their choosing by changing the sequence of its crRNA. These advances fueled efforts to edit genomes with the modified CRISPR-Cas9 system. Feng Zhang's and George Church's groups simultaneously described genome editing in human cell cultures using CRISPR-Cas9 for the first time. It has since been used in a wide range of organisms, including baker's yeast (\"Saccharomyces cerevisiae\"), the opportunistic pathogen \"Candida albicans\", zebrafish (\"Danio rerio\"), fruit flies (\"Drosophila melanogaster\"), ants (\"Harpegnathos saltator\" and \"Ooceraea biroi\"), mosquitoes (\"Aedes aegypti\"), nematodes (\"Caenorhabditis elegans\"), plants, mice, monkeys and human embryos. CRISPR has been modified to make programmable transcription factors that allow scientists to target and activate or silence specific genes. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has shown to make effective gene edits in Human tripronuclear zygotes first described in a 2015 paper by Chinese scientists P. Liang and Y. Xu. The system made a successful cleavage of mutant Beta-Hemoglobin (HBB) in 28 out of 54 embryos. 4 out of the 28 embryos were successfully recombined using a donor template given by the scientists. The scientists showed that during DNA recombination of the cleaved strand, the homologous endogenous sequence HBD competes with the exogenous donor template. DNA repair in human embryos is much more complicated and particular than in derived stem cells. In 2015, the nuclease Cpf1 was characterized in the CRISPR/Cpf1 system of the bacterium \"Francisella novicida\". The name, from a TIGRFAMs protein family definition built in 2012, reflects the prevalence of its CRISPR-Cas subtype in the Prevotella and Francisella lineages. Cpf1 showed several key differences from Cas9 including: causing a 'staggered' cut in double stranded DNA as opposed to the 'blunt' cut produced by Cas9, relying on a 'T rich' PAM (providing alternative targeting sites to Cas9) and requiring only a CRISPR RNA (crRNA) for successful targeting. By contrast Cas9 requires both crRNA and a transactivating crRNA (tracrRNA). These differences may give Cpf1 some advantages over Cas9. For example, Cpf1's small crRNAs are ideal for multiplexed genome editing, as more of them can be packaged in one vector than can Cas9's sgRNAs. As well, the sticky 5' overhangs left by Cpf1 can be used for DNA assembly that is much more target-specific than traditional Restriction Enzyme cloning. Finally, Cpf1 cleaves DNA 18-23 base pairs downstream from the PAM site. This means there is no disruption to the recognition sequence after repair, and so Cpf1 enables multiple rounds of DNA cleavage. By contrast, since Cas9 cuts only 3 base pairs upstream of the PAM site, the NHEJ pathway results in indel mutations which destroy the recognition sequence, thereby preventing further rounds of cutting. In theory, repeated rounds of DNA cleavage should cause an increased opportunity for the desired genomic editing to occur. The CRISPR array comprises an AT-rich leader sequence followed by short repeats that are separated by unique spacers. CRISPR repeats typically range in size from 28 to 37 base pairs (bps), though there can be as few as 23 bp and as many as 55 bp. Some show dyad symmetry, implying the formation of a secondary structure such as a stem-loop ('hairpin') in the RNA, while others are predicted to be unstructured. The size of spacers in different CRISPR arrays is typically 32 to 38 bp (range 21 to 72 bp). New spacers can appear rapidly as part of the immune response to phage infection. There are usually fewer than 50 units of the repeat-spacer sequence in a CRISPR array. Small clusters of \"cas\" genes are often located next to CRISPR repeat-spacer arrays. Collectively the 93 \"cas\" genes are grouped into 35 families based on sequence similarity of the encoded proteins. 11 of the 35 families form the \"cas\" core, which includes the protein families Cas1 through Cas9. A complete CRISPR-Cas locus has at least one gene belonging to the \"cas\" core. CRISPR-Cas systems fall into two classes. Class 1 systems use a complex of multiple Cas proteins to degrade foreign nucleic acids. Class 2 systems use a single large Cas protein for the same purpose. Class 1 is divided into types I, III, and IV; class 2 is divided into types II, V, and VI. The 6 system types are divided into 19 subtypes. Each type and most subtypes are characterized by a \"signature gene\" found almost exclusively in the category. Classification is also based on the complement of \"cas\" genes that are present. Most CRISPR-Cas systems have a Cas1 protein. The phylogeny of Cas1 proteins generally agrees with the classification system. Many organisms contain multiple CRISPR-Cas systems suggesting that they are compatible and may share components. The sporadic distribution of the CRISPR/Cas subtypes suggests that the CRISPR/Cas system is subject to horizontal gene transfer during microbial evolution. CRISPR-Cas immunity is a natural process of bacteria and archaea. CRISPR-Cas prevents bacteriophage infection, conjugation and natural transformation by degrading foreign nucleic acids that enter the cell. When a microbe is invaded by a virus, the first stage of the immune response is to capture viral DNA and insert it into a CRISPR locus in the form of a spacer. Cas1 and Cas2 are found in both types of CRISPR-Cas immune systems, which indicates that they are involved in spacer acquisition. Mutation studies confirmed this hypothesis, showing that removal of cas1 or cas2 stopped spacer acquisition, without affecting CRISPR immune response. Multiple Cas1 proteins have been characterised and their structures resolved. Cas1 proteins have diverse amino acid sequences. However, their crystal structures are similar and all purified Cas1 proteins are metal-dependent nucleases/integrases that bind to DNA in a sequence-independent manner. Representative Cas2 proteins have been characterised and possess either (single strand) ssRNA- or (double strand) dsDNA- specific endoribonuclease activity. In the I-E system of \"E. coli\" Cas1 and Cas2 form a complex where a Cas2 dimer bridges two Cas1 dimers. In",
"CRISPR-Cas immune systems, which indicates that they are involved in spacer acquisition. Mutation studies confirmed this hypothesis, showing that removal of cas1 or cas2 stopped spacer acquisition, without affecting CRISPR immune response. Multiple Cas1 proteins have been characterised and their structures resolved. Cas1 proteins have diverse amino acid sequences. However, their crystal structures are similar and all purified Cas1 proteins are metal-dependent nucleases/integrases that bind to DNA in a sequence-independent manner. Representative Cas2 proteins have been characterised and possess either (single strand) ssRNA- or (double strand) dsDNA- specific endoribonuclease activity. In the I-E system of \"E. coli\" Cas1 and Cas2 form a complex where a Cas2 dimer bridges two Cas1 dimers. In this complex Cas2 performs a non-enzymatic scaffolding role, binding double-stranded fragments of invading DNA, while Cas1 binds the single-stranded flanks of the DNA and catalyses their integration into CRISPR arrays. New spacers are usually added at the beginning of the CRISPR next to the leader sequence creating a chronological record of viral infections. In \"E. coli\" a histone like protein called integration host factor (IHF), which binds to the leader sequence, is responsible for the accuracy of this integration. IHF also enhances integration efficiency in the type I-F system of \"Pectobacterium atrosepticum\". but in other systems different host factors may be required Bioinformatic analysis of regions of phage genomes that were excised as spacers (termed protospacers) revealed that they were not randomly selected but instead were found adjacent to short (3 – 5 bp) DNA sequences termed protospacer adjacent motifs (PAM). Analysis of CRISPR-Cas systems showed PAMs to be important for type I and type II, but not type III systems during acquisition. In type I and type II systems, protospacers are excised at positions adjacent to a PAM sequence, with the other end of the spacer cut using a ruler mechanism, thus maintaining the regularity of the spacer size in the CRISPR array. The conservation of the PAM sequence differs between CRISPR-Cas systems and appears to be evolutionarily linked to Cas1 and the leader sequence. New spacers are added to a CRISPR array in a directional manner, occurring preferentially, but not exclusively, adjacent to the leader sequence. Analysis of the type I-E system from \"E. coli\" demonstrated that the first direct repeat adjacent to the leader sequence, is copied, with the newly acquired spacer inserted between the first and second direct repeats. The PAM sequence appears to be important during spacer insertion in type I-E systems. That sequence contains a strongly conserved final nucleotide (nt) adjacent to the first nt of the protospacer. This nt becomes the final base in the first direct repeat. This suggests that the spacer acquisition machinery generates single-stranded overhangs in the second-to-last position of the direct repeat and in the PAM during spacer insertion. However, not all CRISPR-Cas systems appear to share this mechanism as PAMs in other organisms do not show the same level of conservation in the final position. It is likely that in those systems, a blunt end is generated at the very end of the direct repeat and the protospacer during acquisition. Analysis of \"Sulfolobus solfataricus\" CRISPRs revealed further complexities to the canonical model of spacer insertion, as one of its six CRISPR loci inserted new spacers randomly throughout its CRISPR array, as opposed to inserting closest to the leader sequence. Multiple CRISPRs contain many spacers to the same phage. The mechanism that causes this phenomenon was discovered in the type I-E system of \"E. coli\". A significant enhancement in spacer acquisition was detected where spacers already target the phage, even mismatches to the protospacer. This ‘priming’ requires the Cas proteins involved in both acquisition and interference to interact with each other. Newly acquired spacers that result from the priming mechanism are always found on the same strand as the priming spacer. This observation led to the hypothesis that the acquisition machinery slides along the foreign DNA after priming to find a new protospacer. CRISPR-RNA (crRNA), which later guides the Cas nuclease to the target during the interference step, must be generated from the CRISPR sequence. The crRNA is initially transcribed as part of a single long transcript encompassing much of the CRISPR array. This transcript is then cleaved by Cas proteins to form crRNAs. The mechanism to produce crRNAs differs among CRISPR/Cas systems. In type I-E and type I-F systems, the proteins Cas6e and Cas6f respectively, recognise stem-loops created by the pairing of identical repeats that flank the crRNA. These Cas proteins cleave the longer transcript at the edge of the paired region, leaving a single crRNA along with a small remnant of the paired repeat region. Type III systems also use Cas6, however their repeats do not produce stem-loops. Cleavage instead occurs by the longer transcript wrapping around the Cas6 to allow cleavage just upstream of the repeat sequence. Type II systems lack the Cas6 gene and instead utilize RNaseIII for cleavage. Functional type II systems encode an extra small RNA that is complementary to the repeat sequence, known as a trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA). Transcription of the tracrRNA and the primary CRISPR transcript results in base pairing and the formation of dsRNA at the repeat sequence, which is subsequently targeted by RNaseIII to produce crRNAs. Unlike the other two systems the crRNA does not contain the full spacer, which is instead truncated at one end. CrRNAs associate with Cas proteins to form ribonucleotide complexes that recognize foreign nucleic acids. CrRNAs show no preference between the coding and non-coding strands, which is indicative of an RNA-guided DNA-targeting system. The type I-E complex (commonly referred to as Cascade) requires five Cas proteins bound to a single crRNA. During the interference stage in type I systems the PAM sequence is recognized on the crRNA-complementary strand and is required along with crRNA annealing. In type I systems correct base pairing between the crRNA and the protospacer signals a conformational change in Cascade that recruits Cas3 for DNA degradation. Type II systems rely on a single multifunctional protein, Cas9, for the interference step. Cas9 requires both the crRNA and the tracrRNA to function and cleaves DNA using its dual HNH and RuvC/RNaseH-like endonuclease domains. Basepairing between the PAM and the phage genome is required in type II systems. However, the PAM is recognized on the same strand as the crRNA (the opposite strand to type I systems). Type III systems, like type I require six or seven Cas proteins binding to crRNAs. The type III systems analysed from \"S. solfataricus\" and \"P. furiosus\" both target the mRNA of phages rather than phage DNA genome, which may make these systems uniquely capable of targeting RNA-based phage genomes. The mechanism for distinguishing self from foreign DNA during interference is built into the crRNAs and is therefore likely common to all three systems. Throughout the distinctive maturation process of each major type, all crRNAs contain a spacer sequence and some portion of the repeat at one or both ends. It is the partial repeat sequence that prevents the CRISPR-Cas system from targeting the chromosome as base pairing beyond the spacer sequence signals self and prevents DNA cleavage. RNA-guided CRISPR enzymes are classified as type V restriction enzymes. The cas genes in the adaptor and effector modules of the CRISPR-Cas system are believed to have evolved from two different ancestral modules. A casposon containing an ancestor adaptor module that functioned as a toxin-antitoxin immune system was inserted next to the ancestral effector module, which also likely functioned as an independent",
"is therefore likely common to all three systems. Throughout the distinctive maturation process of each major type, all crRNAs contain a spacer sequence and some portion of the repeat at one or both ends. It is the partial repeat sequence that prevents the CRISPR-Cas system from targeting the chromosome as base pairing beyond the spacer sequence signals self and prevents DNA cleavage. RNA-guided CRISPR enzymes are classified as type V restriction enzymes. The cas genes in the adaptor and effector modules of the CRISPR-Cas system are believed to have evolved from two different ancestral modules. A casposon containing an ancestor adaptor module that functioned as a toxin-antitoxin immune system was inserted next to the ancestral effector module, which also likely functioned as an independent immune system. The highly conserved cas1 and cas2 genes of the adaptor module evolved from the ancestral module while a variety of class 1 effector was genes evolved from the ancestral effector module. The evolution of these various class 1 effector module cas genes was guided by various mechanisms, such as duplication events. On the other hand, each type of class 2 effector module arose from subsequent independent insertions of mobile genetic elements. These mobile genetic elements took the place of the multiple gene effector modules to create single gene effector modules that produce large proteins which perform all the necessary tasks of the effector module. The spacer regions of CRISPR-Cas systems are taken directly from foreign mobile genetic elements and thus their long term evolution is hard to trace. The non-random evolution of these spacer regions has been found to be highly dependent on the environment and the particular foreign mobile genetic elements it contains. CRISPR/Cas can immunize bacteria against certain phages and thus halt transmission. For this reason, Koonin described CRISPR/Cas as a Lamarckian inheritance mechanism. However, this was disputed by a critic who noted, \"We should remember [Lamarck] for the good he contributed to science, not for things that resemble his theory only superficially. Indeed, thinking of CRISPR and other phenomena as Lamarckian only obscures the simple and elegant way evolution really works\". As more recent studies have been conducted, it has become apparent that the acquired spacer regions of CRISPR-Cas systems are a form of Lamarckian evolution because they are genetic mutations that are acquired and then passed on. On the other hand, the evolution of the Cas gene machinery that facilitates the system evolves through classic Darwinian evolution. Analysis of CRISPR sequences revealed coevolution of host and viral genomes. Cas9 proteins are highly enriched in pathogenic and commensal bacteria. CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene regulation may contribute to the regulation of endogenous bacterial genes, particularly during interaction with eukaryotic hosts. For example, \"Francisella novicida\" uses a unique, small, CRISPR/Cas-associated RNA (scaRNA) to repress an endogenous transcript encoding a bacterial lipoprotein that is critical for \"F. novicida\" to dampen host response and promote virulence. The basic model of CRISPR evolution is newly incorporated spacers driving phages to mutate their genomes to avoid the bacterial immune response, creating diversity in both the phage and host populations. To fight off a phage infection, the sequence of the CRISPR spacer must correspond perfectly to the sequence of the target phage gene. Phages can continue to infect their hosts given point mutations in the spacer. Similar stringency is required in PAM or the bacterial strain remains phage sensitive. A study of 124 \"S. thermophilus\" strains showed that 26% of all spacers were unique and that different CRISPR loci showed different rates of spacer acquisition. Some CRISPR loci evolve more rapidly than others, which allowed the strains' phylogenetic relationships to be determined. A comparative genomic analysis showed that \"E. coli\" and \"S. enterica\" evolve much more slowly than \"S. thermophilus\". The latter's strains that diverged 250 thousand years ago still contained the same spacer complement. Metagenomic analysis of two acid mine drainage biofilms showed that one of the analyzed CRISPRs contained extensive deletions and spacer additions versus the other biofilm, suggesting a higher phage activity/prevalence in one community than the other. In the oral cavity, a temporal study determined that 7-22% of spacers were shared over 17 months within an individual while less than 2% were shared across individuals. From the same environment a single strain was tracked using PCR primers specific to its CRISPR system. Broad-level results of spacer presence/absence showed significant diversity. However, this CRISPR added 3 spacers over 17 months, suggesting that even in an environment with significant CRISPR diversity some loci evolve slowly. CRISPRs were analysed from the metagenomes produced for the human microbiome project. Although most were body-site specific, some within a body site are widely shared among individuals. One of these loci originated from streptococcal species and contained ~15,000 spacers, 50% of which were unique. Similar to the targeted studies of the oral cavity, some showed little evolution over time. CRISPR evolution was studied in chemostats using \"S. thermophilus\" to directly examine spacer acquisition rates. In one week, \"S. thermophilus\" strains acquired up to three spacers when challenged with a single phage. During the same interval the phage developed single nucleotide polymorphisms that became fixed in the population, suggesting that targeting had prevented phage replication absent these mutations. Another \"S. thermophilus\" experiment showed that phages can infect and replicate in hosts that have only one targeting spacer. Yet another showed that sensitive hosts can exist in environments with high phage titres. The chemostat and observational studies suggest many nuances to CRISPR and phage (co)evolution. CRISPRs are widely distributed among bacteria and archaea and show some sequence similarities. Their most notable characteristic is their repeating spacers and direct repeats. This characteristic makes CRISPRs easily identifiable in long sequences of DNA, since the number of repeats decreases the likelihood of a false positive match. Analysis of CRISPRs in metagenomic data is more challenging, as CRISPR loci do not typically assemble, due to their repetitive nature or through strain variation, which confuses assembly algorithms. Where many reference genomes are available, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to amplify CRISPR arrays and analyse spacer content. However, this approach yields information only for specifically targeted CRISPRs and for organisms with sufficient representation in public databases to design reliable polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers. The alternative is to extract and reconstruct CRISPR arrays from shotgun metagenomic data. This is computationally more difficult, particularly with second generation sequencing technologies (e.g. 454, Illumina), as the short read lengths prevent more than two or three repeat units appearing in a single read. CRISPR identification in raw reads has been achieved using purely \"de novo\" identification or by using direct repeat sequences in partially assembled CRISPR arrays from contigs (overlapping DNA segments that together represent a consensus region of DNA) and direct repeat sequences from published genomes as a hook for identifying direct repeats in individual reads. Another way for bacteria to defend against phage infection is by having chromosomal islands. A subtype of chromosomal islands called phage-inducible chromosomal island (PICI) is excised from a bacterial chromosome upon phage infection and can inhibit phage replication. PICIs are induced, excised, replicated and finally packaged into small capsids by certain staphylococcal",
"two or three repeat units appearing in a single read. CRISPR identification in raw reads has been achieved using purely \"de novo\" identification or by using direct repeat sequences in partially assembled CRISPR arrays from contigs (overlapping DNA segments that together represent a consensus region of DNA) and direct repeat sequences from published genomes as a hook for identifying direct repeats in individual reads. Another way for bacteria to defend against phage infection is by having chromosomal islands. A subtype of chromosomal islands called phage-inducible chromosomal island (PICI) is excised from a bacterial chromosome upon phage infection and can inhibit phage replication. PICIs are induced, excised, replicated and finally packaged into small capsids by certain staphylococcal temperate phages. PICIs use several mechanisms to block phage reproduction. In first mechanism PICI-encoded Ppi differentially blocks phage maturation by binding or interacting specifically with phage TerS, hence blocks phage TerS/TerL complex formation responsible for phage DNA packaging. In second mechanism PICI CpmAB redirect the phage capsid morphogenetic protein to make 95% of SaPI-sized capsid and pahage DNA can package only 1/3rd of their genome in these small capsid and hence become nonviable phage. The third mechanism involves two proteins, PtiA and PtiB, that target the LtrC, which is responsible for the production of virion and lysis proteins. This interference mechanism is modulated by a modulatory protein, PtiM, binds to one of the interference-mediating proteins, PtiA, and hence achieving the required level of interference. One study showed that lytic ICP1 phage, which specifically targets \"Vibrio cholerae\" serogroup O1, has acquired a CRISPR/Cas system that targets a \"V. cholera\" PICI-like element. The system has 2 CRISPR loci and 9 Cas genes. It seems to be homologous to the I-F system found in \"Yersinia pestis\". Moreover, like the bacterial CRISPR/Cas system, ICP1 CRISPR/Cas can acquire new sequences, which allows phage and host to co-evolve. By the end of 2014 some 1000 research papers had been published that mentioned CRISPR. The technology had been used to functionally inactivate genes in human cell lines and cells, to study \"Candida albicans\", to modify yeasts used to make biofuels and to genetically modify crop strains. CRISPR can also be used to change mosquitos so they cannot transmit diseases such as malaria. CRISPR-based re-evaluations of claims for gene-disease relationships have led to the discovery of potentially important anomalies. In the early 2000s, researchers developed zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), synthetic proteins whose DNA-binding domains enable them to create double-stranded breaks in DNA at specific points. In 2010, synthetic nucleases called transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) provided an easier way to target a double-stranded break to a specific location on the DNA strand. Both zinc finger nucleases and TALENs require the creation of a custom protein for each targeted DNA sequence, which is a more difficult and time-consuming process than that for guide RNAs. CRISPRs are much easier to design because the process requires making only a short RNA sequence. Whereas RNA interference (RNAi) does not fully suppress gene function, CRISPR, ZFNs and TALENs provide full irreversible gene knockout. CRISPR can also target several DNA sites simultaneously by simply introducing different gRNAs. In addition, CRISPR costs are relatively low. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is carried out with a Type II CRISPR system. When utilized for genome editing, this system includes Cas9, crRNA, tracrRNA along with an optional section of DNA repair template that is utilized in either non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology directed repair (HDR). CRISPR/Cas9 often employs a plasmid to transfect the target cells. The main components of this plasmid are displayed in the image and listed in the table. The crRNA needs to be designed for each application as this is the sequence that Cas9 uses to identify and directly bind to the cell's DNA. The crRNA must bind only where editing is desired. The repair template is designed for each application, as it must overlap with the sequences on either side of the cut and code for the insertion sequence. Multiple crRNAs and the tracrRNA can be packaged together to form a single-guide RNA (sgRNA). This sgRNA can be joined together with the Cas9 gene and made into a plasmid in order to be transfected into cells. CRISPR/Cas9 offers a high degree of fidelity and relatively simple construction. It depends on two factors for its specificity: the target sequence and the PAM. The target sequence is 20 bases long as part of each CRISPR locus in the crRNA array. A typical crRNA array has multiple unique target sequences. Cas9 proteins select the correct location on the host's genome by utilizing the sequence to bond with base pairs on the host DNA. The sequence is not part of the Cas9 protein and as a result is customizable and can be independently synthesized. The PAM sequence on the host genome is recognized by Cas9. Cas9 cannot be easily modified to recognize a different PAM sequence. However this is not too limiting as it is a short sequence and nonspecific (e.g. the SpCas9 PAM sequence is 5'-NGG-3' and in the human genome occurs roughly every 8 to 12 base pairs). Once these have been assembled into a plasmid and transfected into cells the Cas9 protein with the help of the crRNA finds the correct sequence in the host cell's DNA and – depending on the Cas9 variant – creates a single or double strand break in the DNA. Properly spaced single strand breaks in the host DNA can trigger homology directed repair, which is less error prone than the non-homologous end joining that typically follows a double strand break. Providing a DNA repair template allows for the insertion of a specific DNA sequence at an exact location within the genome. The repair template should extend 40 to 90 base pairs beyond the Cas9 induced DNA break. The goal is for the cell's HDR process to utilize the provided repair template and thereby incorporate the new sequence into the genome. Once incorporated, this new sequence is now part of the cell's genetic material and passes into its daughter cells. Many online tools are available to aid in designing effective sgRNA sequences. Delivery of Cas9, sgRNA, and associated complexes into cells can occur via viral and non-viral systems. Electroporation of DNA, RNA, or ribonucleocomplexes is a common technique, though it can result in harmful effects on the target cells. Chemical transfection techniques utilizing lipids have also been used to introduce sgRNA in complex with Cas9 into cells. Hard-to-transfect cells (e.g. stem cells, neurons, and hematopoietic cells) require more efficient delivery systems such as those based on lentivirus (LVs), adenovirus (AdV) and adeno-associated virus (AAV). CRISPRs have been used to cut five to 62 genes at once: pig cells have been engineered to inactivate all 62 Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses in the pig genome, which eliminated transinfection from the pig to human cells in culture. CRISPR's low cost compared to alternatives is widely seen as revolutionary. Selective engineered redirection of the CRISPR/Cas system was first demonstrated in 2012 in: Several variants of CRISPR/Cas9 allow gene activation or genome editing with an external trigger such as light or small molecules. These include photoactivatable CRISPR systems developed by fusing light-responsive protein partners with an activator domain and a dCas9 for gene activation, or fusing similar light responsive domains with two constructs of split-Cas9, or by incorporating caged unnatural amino acids into Cas9, or by modifying the guide RNAs with photocleavable complements for genome editing. Methods to control genome editing with small molecules include an allosteric Cas9, with no detectable",
"cells in culture. CRISPR's low cost compared to alternatives is widely seen as revolutionary. Selective engineered redirection of the CRISPR/Cas system was first demonstrated in 2012 in: Several variants of CRISPR/Cas9 allow gene activation or genome editing with an external trigger such as light or small molecules. These include photoactivatable CRISPR systems developed by fusing light-responsive protein partners with an activator domain and a dCas9 for gene activation, or fusing similar light responsive domains with two constructs of split-Cas9, or by incorporating caged unnatural amino acids into Cas9, or by modifying the guide RNAs with photocleavable complements for genome editing. Methods to control genome editing with small molecules include an allosteric Cas9, with no detectable background editing, that will activate binding and cleavage upon the addition of 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-HT), 4-HT responsive intein-linked Cas9s or a Cas9 that is 4-HT responsive when fused to four ERT2 domains. Intein-inducible split-Cas9 allows dimerization of Cas9 fragments and Rapamycin-inducible split-Cas9 system developed by fusing two constructs of split Cas9 with FRB and FKBP fragments. Furthermore, other studies have shown to induce transcription of Cas9 with a small molecule, doxycycline. Small molecules can also be used to improve Homology Directed Repair (HDR), often by inhibiting the Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) pathway. These systems allow conditional control of CRISPR activity for improved precision, efficiency and spatiotemporal control. Using \"dead\" versions of Cas9 (dCas9) eliminates CRISPR's DNA-cutting ability, while preserving its ability to target desirable sequences. Multiple groups added various regulatory factors to dCas9s, enabling them to turn almost any gene on or off or adjust its level of activity. Like RNAi, CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) turns off genes in a reversible fashion by targeting, but not cutting a site. The targeted site is methylated, epigenetically modifying the gene. This modification inhibits transcription. These precisely placed modifications may then be used to regulate the effects on gene expressions and DNA dynamics after the inhibition of certain genome sequences within DNA. Within the past few years, epigenetic marks in different human cells have been closely researched and certain patterns within the marks have been found to correlate with everything ranging from tumor growth to brain activity. Conversely, CRISPR-mediated activation (CRISPRa) promotes gene transcription. Cas9 is an effective way of targeting and silencing specific genes at the DNA level. In bacteria, the presence of Cas9 alone is enough to block transcription. For mammalian applications, a section of protein is added. Its guide RNA targets regulatory DNA sequences called promoters that immediately precede the target gene. Cas9 was used to carry synthetic transcription factors that activated specific human genes. The technique achieved a strong effect by targeting multiple CRISPR constructs to slightly different locations on the gene's promoter. In 2016, researchers demonstrated that CRISPR from an ordinary mouth bacterium could be used to edit RNA. The researchers searched databases containing hundreds of millions of genetic sequences for those that resembled Crispr genes. They considered the fusobacteria \"Leptotrichia shahii\". It had a group of genes that resembled CRISPR genes, but with important differences. When the researchers equipped other bacteria with these genes, which they called C2c2, they found that the organisms gained a novel defense. Many viruses encode their genetic information in RNA rather than DNA that they repurpose to make new viruses. HIV and poliovirus are such viruses. Bacteria with C2c2 make molecules that can dismember RNA, destroying the virus. Tailoring these genes opened any RNA molecule to editing. CRISPR-Cas systems can also be employed for editing of micro-RNA and long-noncoding RNA genes in plants. CRISPR simplifies creation of animals for research that mimic disease or show what happens when a gene is knocked down or mutated. CRISPR may be used at the germline level to create animals where the gene is changed everywhere, or it may be targeted at non-germline cells. CRISPR can be utilized to create human cellular models of disease. For instance, applied to human pluripotent stem cells CRISPR introduced targeted mutations in genes relevant to polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). These CRISPR-modified pluripotent stem cells were subsequently grown into human kidney organoids that exhibited disease-specific phenotypes. Kidney organoids from stem cells with PKD mutations formed large, translucent cyst structures from kidney tubules. The cysts were capable of reaching macroscopic dimensions, up to one centimeter in diameter. Kidney organoids with mutations in a gene linked to FSGS developed junctional defects between podocytes, the filtering cells affected in that disease. This was traced to the inability of podocytes ability to form microvilli between adjacent cells. Importantly, these disease phenotypes were absent in control organoids of identical genetic background, but lacking the CRISPR modifications. A similar approach was taken to model long QT syndrome in cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells. These CRISPR-generated cellular models, with isogenic controls, provide a new way to study human disease and test drugs. Gene drives may provide a powerful tool to restore balance of ecosystems by eliminating invasive species. Concerns regarding efficacy, unintended consequences in the target species as well as non-target species have been raised particularly in the potential for accidental release from laboratories into the wild. Scientists have proposed several safeguards for ensuring the containment of experimental gene drives including molecular, reproductive, and ecological. Many recommend that immunization and reversal drives be developed in tandem with gene drives in order to overwrite their effects if necessary. There remains consensus that long-term effects must be studied more thoroughly particularly in the potential for ecological disruption that cannot be corrected with reversal drives. CRISPR/Cas technology has been proposed as a treatment for multiple human diseases, especially those with a genetic cause. Its ability to modify specific DNA sequences makes it a tool with potential to fix disease-causing mutations. Early research in animal models suggest that therapies based on CRISPR technology have potential to treat a wide range of diseases, including cancer, beta-thalassemia, sickle cell disease, hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, Huntington's, and heart disease. CRISPR/Cas-based \"RNA-guided nucleases\" can be used to target virulence factors, genes encoding antibiotic resistance and other medically relevant sequences of interest. This technology thus represents a novel form of antimicrobial therapy and a strategy by which to manipulate bacterial populations. Recent studies suggested a correlation between the interfering of the CRISPR/Cas locus and acquisition of antibiotic resistance This system provides protection of bacteria against invading foreign DNA, such as transposons, bacteriophages and plasmids. This system was shown to be a strong selective pressure for the acquisition of antibiotic resistance and virulence factor in bacterial pathogens. Some of the affected genes are tied to human diseases, including those involved in muscle differentiation, cancer, inflammation and fetal hemoglobin. Research suggests that CRISPR is an effective way to limit replication of multiple herpesviruses. It was able to eradicate viral DNA in the case of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Anti-herpesvirus CRISPRs have promising applications such as removing cancer-causing EBV from tumor cells, helping rid donated organs for immunocompromised",
"locus and acquisition of antibiotic resistance This system provides protection of bacteria against invading foreign DNA, such as transposons, bacteriophages and plasmids. This system was shown to be a strong selective pressure for the acquisition of antibiotic resistance and virulence factor in bacterial pathogens. Some of the affected genes are tied to human diseases, including those involved in muscle differentiation, cancer, inflammation and fetal hemoglobin. Research suggests that CRISPR is an effective way to limit replication of multiple herpesviruses. It was able to eradicate viral DNA in the case of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Anti-herpesvirus CRISPRs have promising applications such as removing cancer-causing EBV from tumor cells, helping rid donated organs for immunocompromised patients of viral invaders, or preventing cold sore outbreaks and recurrent eye infections by blocking HSV-1 reactivation. , these were awaiting testing. CRISPR is being applied to develop tissue-based treatments for cancer and other diseases. CRISPR may revive the concept of transplanting animal organs into people. Retroviruses present in animal genomes could harm transplant recipients. In 2015, a team eliminated 62 copies of a retrovirus's DNA from the pig genome in a kidney epithelial cell. Researchers recently demonstrated the ability to birth live pig specimens after removing these retroviruses from their genome using CRISPR for the first time. CRISPR may have applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, such as by creating human blood vessels that lack expression of MHC class II proteins, which often cause transplant rejection. CRISPR had been studied in animal models and cancer cell lines, to learn if it can be used to repair or thwart mutated genes that cause cancer. The first clinical trial involving CRISPR started in 2016. It involved removing immune cells from people with lung cancer, using CRISPR to edit out the gene expressed PD-1, then administrating the altered cells back to the same person. 20 other trials were under way or nearly ready, mostly in China, . In 2016, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a clinical trial in which CRISPR would be used to alter T cells extracted from people with different kinds of cancer and then administer those engineered T cells back to the same people. In May 2018, the company CRISPR Therapeutics received approval to start a clinical trial with a CRISPR-based treatment for the blood disorder beta-thalassemia, which is scheduled to start in late 2018. In 2015, multiple studies attempted to systematically disable each individual human gene, in an attempt to identify which genes were essential to human biology. Between 1,600 and 1,800 genes passed this test—of the 20,000 or so known human genes. Such genes are more strongly activated, and unlikely to carry disabling mutations. They are more likely to have indispensable counterparts in other species. They build proteins that unite to form larger collaborative complexes. The studies also cataloged the essential genes in four cancer-cell lines and identified genes that are expendable in healthy cells, but crucial in specific tumor types and drugs that could target these rogue genes. The specific functions of some 18 percent of the essential genes are unidentified. In one 2015 targeting experiment, disabling individual genes in groups of cells attempted to identify those involved in resistance to a melanoma drug. Each such gene manipulation is itself a separate \"drug\", potentially opening the entire genome to CRISPR-based regulation. Unenriched sequencing libraries often have abundant undesired sequences. Cas9 can specifically deplete the undesired sequences with double strand breakage with up to 99% efficiency and without significant off-target effects as seen with restriction enzymes. Treatment with Cas9 can deplete abundant rRNA while increasing pathogen sensitivity in RNA-seq libraries. CRISPR/Cas-9 can be used to edit the DNA of organisms \"in vivo\" and entire chromosomes can be eliminated from an organism at any point in its development. Chromosomes that have been deleted \"in vivo\" are the Y chromosomes and X chromosomes of adult lab mice and human chromosomes 14 and 21, in embryonic stem cell lines and aneuploid mice respectively. This method might be useful for treating genetic aneuploid diseases such as Down Syndrome and intersex disorders. Successful \"in vivo\" genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 has been shown in several model organisms, such as \"Escherichia coli\", \"Saccharomyces cerevisiae\", \"Candida albicans\", \"Caenorhadbitis elegans\", \"Arabidopsis\", \"Danio rerio\", \"Mus musculus\". Successes have been achieved in the study of basic biology, in the creation of disease models, and in the experimental treatment of disease models. Concerns have been raised that off-target effects (editing of genes besides the ones intended) may obscure the results of a CRISPR gene editing experiment (the observed phenotypic change may not be due to modifying the target gene, but some other gene). Modifications to CRISPR have been made to minimize the possibility of off-target effects. In addition, orthogonal CRISPR experiments are recommended to confirm the results of a gene editing experiment. , patent rights to CRISPR were contested. Several companies formed to develop related drugs and research tools. As companies ramp up financing, doubts as to whether CRISPR can be quickly monetized were raised. In February 2017 the US Patent Office ruled on a patent interference case brought by University of California with respect to patents issued to the Broad Institute, and found that the Broad patents, with claims covering the application of CRISPR/cas9 in eukaryotic cells, were distinct from the inventions claimed by University of California. Shortly after, University of California filed an appeal of this ruling. , SAGE Labs (part of Horizon Discovery group) had exclusive rights from one of those companies to produce and sell genetically engineered rats and non-exclusive rights for mouse and rabbit models. , Thermo Fisher Scientific had licensed intellectual property from ToolGen to develop CRISPR reagent kits. In March 2017, the European Patent Office (EPO) announced its intention to allow broad claims for editing all kinds of cells to Max-Planck Institute in Berlin, University of California, and University of Vienna, and in August 2017, the EPO announced its intention to allow CRISPR claims in a patent application that MilliporeSigma had filed. the patent situation in Europe was complex, with MilliporeSigma, ToolGen, Vilnius University, and Harvard contending for claims, along with University of California and Broad. As of November 2018, All the CRISPR patent holders and institutes associated with them have set up companies to commercialize the patents by sub-licensing them for therapeutic, agriculture and many other application areas to biotech firms, pharmaceuticals, agri-businesses etc. Caribou Biosciences, ERS Genomics, Editas Medicine, Intellia Therapeutics, and CRISPR Therapeutics are the spin offs associated with CRISPR landscape. Not many large scale commercial assignees have actively participated in the early phases of the CRISPR–Cas patent landscape. The only large establishments making it to the top ten are Dow AgroSciences and DuPont Nutrition Science (now merged as DowDuPont), together holding 20 inventions in CRISPR-Cas9 applications in agriculture and animal biotechnology. As of March 2015, multiple groups had announced ongoing research to learn how they one day might apply CRISPR to human embryos, including labs in the US, China, and the UK, as well as US biotechnology company OvaScience. Scientists, including a CRISPR co-discoverer, urged a worldwide moratorium on applying CRISPR to the human germline, especially for clinical use. They said \"scientists should avoid even attempting, in lax jurisdictions, germline genome modification",
"assignees have actively participated in the early phases of the CRISPR–Cas patent landscape. The only large establishments making it to the top ten are Dow AgroSciences and DuPont Nutrition Science (now merged as DowDuPont), together holding 20 inventions in CRISPR-Cas9 applications in agriculture and animal biotechnology. As of March 2015, multiple groups had announced ongoing research to learn how they one day might apply CRISPR to human embryos, including labs in the US, China, and the UK, as well as US biotechnology company OvaScience. Scientists, including a CRISPR co-discoverer, urged a worldwide moratorium on applying CRISPR to the human germline, especially for clinical use. They said \"scientists should avoid even attempting, in lax jurisdictions, germline genome modification for clinical application in humans\" until the full implications \"are discussed among scientific and governmental organizations\". These scientists support further low-level research on CRISPR and do not see CRISPR as developed enough for any clinical use in making heritable changes to humans. In April 2015, Chinese scientists reported results of an attempt to alter the DNA of non-viable human embryos using CRISPR to correct a mutation that causes beta thalassemia, a lethal heritable disorder. The study had previously been rejected by both \"Nature\" and \"Science\" in part because of ethical concerns. The experiments resulted in successfully changing only some of the intended genes, and had off-target effects on other genes. The researchers stated that CRISPR is not ready for clinical application in reproductive medicine. In April 2016, Chinese scientists were reported to have made a second unsuccessful attempt to alter the DNA of non-viable human embryos using CRISPR - this time to alter the CCR5 gene to make the embryo HIV resistant. In December 2015, an International Summit on Human Gene Editing took place in Washington under the guidance of David Baltimore. Members of national scientific academies of America, Britain and China discussed the ethics of germline modification. They agreed to support basic and clinical research under certain legal and ethical guidelines. A specific distinction was made between somatic cells, where the effects of edits are limited to a single individual, versus germline cells, where genome changes could be inherited by descendants. Heritable modifications could have unintended and far-reaching consequences for human evolution, genetically (e.g. gene/environment interactions) and culturally (e.g. Social Darwinism). Altering of gametocytes and embryos to generate inheritable changes in humans was defined to be irresponsible. The group agreed to initiate an international forum to address such concerns and harmonize regulations across countries. In November 2018, Jiankui He announced that he had edited two human embryos, to attempt to disable the gene for CCR5, which codes for a receptor that HIV uses to enter cells. He said that twin girls, Lulu and Nana, had been born a few weeks earlier. He said that the girls still carried functional copies of CCR5 along with disabled CCR5 (mosaicism) and were still vulnerable to HIV. The work was widely condemned as unethical, dangerous, and premature. Policy regulations for the CRISPR/cas9 system vary around the globe. In February 2016, British scientists were given permission by regulators to genetically modify human embryos by using CRISPR-Cas9 and related techniques. However, researchers were forbidden from implanting the embryos and the embryos were to be destroyed after seven days. The US has an elaborate, interdepartmental regulatory system to evaluate new genetically modified foods and crops. For example, the Agriculture Risk Protection Act of 2000 gives the USDA the authority to oversee the detection, control, eradication, suppression, prevention, or retardation of the spread of plant pests or noxious weeds to protect the agriculture, environment and economy of the US. The act regulates any genetically modified organism that utilizes the genome of a predefined \"plant pest\" or any plant not previously categorized. In 2015, Yinong Yang successfully deactivated 16 specific genes in the white button mushroom, to make them non-browning. Since he had not added any foreign-species (transgenic) DNA to his organism, the mushroom could not be regulated by the USDA under Section 340.2. Yang's white button mushroom was the first organism genetically modified with the Crispr/cas9 protein system to pass US regulation. In 2016, the USDA sponsored a committee to consider future regulatory policy for upcoming genetic modification techniques. With the help of the US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, special interests groups met on April 15 to contemplate the possible advancements in genetic engineering within the next five years and any new regulations that might be needed as a result. The FDA in 2017 proposed a rule that would classify genetic engineering modifications to animals as \"animal drugs\", subjecting them to strict regulation if offered for sale, and reducing the ability for individuals and small businesses to make them profitably. In China, where social conditions sharply contrast with the west, genetic diseases carry a heavy stigma. This leaves China with fewer policy barriers to the use of this technology. In 2012, and 2013, CRISPR was a runner-up in \"Science Magazine\"'s Breakthrough of the Year award. In 2015, it was the winner of that award. CRISPR was named as one of \"MIT Technology Review\"s 10 breakthrough technologies in 2014 and 2016. In 2016, Jennifer Doudna, Emmanuelle Charpentier, along with Rudolph Barrangou, Philippe Horvath, and Feng Zhang won the Gairdner International award. In 2017, Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier were awarded the Japan Prize for their revolutionary invention of CRISPR-Cas9 in Tokyo, Japan. In 2016, Emmanuelle Charpentier, Jennifer Doudna, and Feng Zhang won the Tang Prize in Biopharmaceutical Science. CRISPR CRISPR () (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a family of DNA sequences found within the genomes of prokaryotic"
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"SJK(C) Pin Hwa 2 SJK (C) Pin Hwa 2 (Chinese: 滨华国民型华文小学(二)校) is a Chinese primary school in Klang, Selangor, West Malaysia. The school was initially founded in Klang in 1923 as a \"night school\" called 华侨夜校. It then relocated to a location near Jalan Meru in Klang and was renamed to Wah Khiu School or 华侨学校. There was another relocation to a nearby area before the school finally moved to Jalan Goh Hock Huat in 1940. There were 1200 students then. In 1947, the school added lower secondary classes and was renamed to Wah Khiu Middle & Primary School. In 1962, the primary school was renamed to Sekolah Rendah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina Pin Hwa or SRJK (C) Pin Hwa and started to follow the government syllabus, with the teachers under the Ministry of Education payroll. Subsequently, in 1974, SRJK (C) Pin Hwa was expanded into SJKC Pin Hwa 1 and SJKC Pin Hwa 2 due to the high number of students. As years go by new housing areas were built in the suburban areas and new families live further away from the city centre, SJKC Pin Hwa 2, along with the sister school SJKC Pin Hwa 1, were then planned for relocation by 2001. Pin Hwa 1 moved to a plot of land in Setia Alam, Shah Alam in year 2007 while Pin Hwa 2 moved to Aman Perdana, Klang, Selangor at the end of year 2008 and is operating there since 5 January 2009. The school started with 13 classrooms and 375 students and 28 teachers in 2009. School facilities include but not limited to: SJK(C) Pin Hwa 2 SJK (C) Pin Hwa 2 (Chinese: 滨华国民型华文小学(二)校) is a Chinese primary school in Klang, Selangor, West Malaysia. The school was initially founded in Klang in 1923 as a \"night school\""
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"Texas State Highway 220 Texas State Highway 220 (SH 220) is a Texas state highway located in Hamilton and Erath Counties. SH 220 begins at an intersection with SH 6 in Hico. The route travels generally to the northeast, and the only highway intersection between its termini is with FM 2481, approximately four miles north of Hico. SH 220 ends at an intersection with US 67 west of Chalk Mountain. SH 220 was designated on May 28, 1935 from Hico to Bluff Dale, but was not numbered until June-August 1935 (designated before SH 219). On July 15, 1935, SH 220 was cancelled. On August 1, 1936, SH 220 was restored. On August 1, 1938, SH 220 was moved to its current route. Texas State Highway 220 Texas State Highway 220 (SH 220) is a Texas state highway located in Hamilton and Erath Counties. SH 220 begins at an intersection with SH 6 in Hico. The route travels generally to the northeast, and the only highway intersection between its termini is with FM 2481, approximately four miles north of Hico. SH 220 ends at an intersection with US 67 west of Chalk Mountain. SH 220 was designated on May 28, 1935"
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"Bayeux-Calvados Awards for war correspondents The Bayeux-Calvados Awards for war correspondents (\"Prix Bayeux-Calvados des correspondants de guerre\") is an annual prize awarded since 1994, by the city of Bayeux and the General Council of Calvados. Its goal is to pay tribute to journalists who work in dangerous conditions to allow the public access to information about war. The award was launched as part of the fiftieth anniversary of the Normandy landings. It is awarded in Bayeux, one of the first French cities to be liberated in the Second World War, in a conference that includes a book fair, a media forum, discussion evenings, and youth-oriented events. The award has had twelve categories since 1994: The Bayeux-Calvados Awards for War Correspondents since 1994. 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Bayeux-Calvados Awards for war correspondents The Bayeux-Calvados Awards for war correspondents (\"Prix Bayeux-Calvados des correspondants de guerre\") is an annual prize awarded since 1994, by the city of Bayeux and the General Council of Calvados. Its goal is to pay tribute to journalists who work in dangerous conditions to allow the public access to information about war. The award"
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"Rachel Barrell Rachel Barrell (born 1980) is a British stage performer and singer known best for playing Christine in the West End production of \"The Phantom of the Opera\" from September 2004 until October 2006. She played the role for some time opposite London's longest running Phantom, John Owen-Jones, and was the Christine in his last performance, she also performed for the show's 18th and 20th anniversaries. In February 2007 she played young Sally in a special charity performance of \"Follies\". Rachel has also previously performed in the musicals \"Thoroughly Modern Millie\" and \"Beauty and the Beast\". She also runs a dance school in Hertfordshire. Rachel Barrell Rachel Barrell (born 1980) is a British stage performer and singer known best for playing Christine in the West End production of \"The Phantom of the Opera\" from September 2004 until October 2006. She played the role for some time opposite London's longest running Phantom, John Owen-Jones, and was the Christine in his last performance, she also performed for the show's 18th and 20th anniversaries. In February 2007 she played young Sally in a special charity performance of \"Follies\". Rachel has also previously performed in the musicals \"Thoroughly Modern Millie\" and \"Beauty and"
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"Taverna ducale, Popoli Taverna Ducale di Popoli (Italian for \"Ducal Tavern of Popoli\") is an art museum in Popoli, Abruzzo. The palace, built in the second half of 1300, initially built as a \"house-shop\" to collect tithes on the products of the properties of Cantelmos family, as the plaque on the facade. Warehouse of goods relating to tithes waiting to be sold, the building later became a tavern for buyers and travelers, with rooms on the upper floor also engaged as a hotel. Purchased in 1875 by Francesco supplied, the building was used as a stable and then fall into disuse and eventually be purchased by the Ministry of Education. In addition to being a museum, the building is currently used for exhibitions and events. Upstairs is an office of the Superintendence for the Historical Anthropological Heritage of Abruzzo. The building is characterized by a pointed Gothic portal, and a façade embellished with coats of arms of the noble families that have lived to Cantelmos. Taverna ducale, Popoli Taverna Ducale di Popoli (Italian for \"Ducal Tavern of Popoli\") is an art museum in Popoli, Abruzzo. The palace, built in the second half of 1300, initially built as a \"house-shop\" to"
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"Essex Spitfire 2 Essex Spitfire 2 was an English Rugby Union league at the tenth tier of the domestic competition. It was the basement division of club rugby in Essex with promoted teams moving up to Essex Canterbury Jack 1 and no relegation (up until 2008-09 relegated teams dropped to Essex 3 but this division has since been abolished). Essex Spitfire 2 was created in 2003 (then known as Essex 2) by Essex-based teams who left East Counties 3 South. At the end of 2013-14 the division was abolished with teams either moving up into Essex Canterbury Jack 1 or into various Essex Merit leagues. Essex Spitfire 2 Essex Spitfire 2 was an English Rugby Union league at the tenth tier of the domestic competition. It was the basement division of club rugby in Essex with promoted teams moving up to Essex Canterbury Jack 1 and no relegation (up until 2008-09 relegated teams dropped to Essex 3 but this division has since been abolished). Essex Spitfire 2 was created in 2003 (then known as Essex 2) by Essex-based teams who left East Counties 3 South. At the end of 2013-14 the division was abolished with teams either moving up into"
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"Tannay, Switzerland Tannay is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. Tannay is first mentioned in 1390 as \"Taney\". Tannay has an area, , of . Of this area, or 46.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 13.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 39.0% is settled (buildings or roads). Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 27.5% and transportation infrastructure made up 9.9%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.1% of the area Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 22.0% is used for growing crops and 13.7% is pastures, while 11.0% is used for orchards or vine crops. The municipality was part of the old Nyon District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Tannay became part of the new district of Nyon. The municipality is located on a terrace overlooking Lake Geneva, between Geneva-Saint-Cergue and Geneva-Lausanne roads. The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is \"Per fess: 1. Azure, three Bars wavy Argent; 2. Argent, an Oak Tree Vert fructed Or issuant from a Coupeaux Sable.\" Tannay has a population () of . , 37.5% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 22.5%. It has changed at a rate of 18.4% due to migration and at a rate of 4.8% due to births and deaths. Most of the population () speaks French (867 or 70.7%), with German being second most common (123 or 10.0%) and English being third (112 or 9.1%). There are 25 people who speak Italian. The age distribution, , in Tannay is; 167 children or 11.9% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 226 teenagers or 16.2% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 134 people or 9.6% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 133 people or 9.5% are between 30 and 39, 251 people or 17.9% are between 40 and 49, and 178 people or 12.7% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 195 people or 13.9% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 73 people or 5.2% are between 70 and 79, there are 37 people or 2.6% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 5 people or 0.4% who are 90 and older. , there were 479 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 639 married individuals, 47 widows or widowers and 62 individuals who are divorced. , there were 435 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.6 persons per household. There were 95 households that consist of only one person and 35 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 446 households that answered this question, 21.3% were households made up of just one person and there were 2 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 118 married couples without children, 183 married couples with children There were 33 single parents with a child or children. There were 4 households that were made up of unrelated people and 11 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing. , a total of 409 apartments (82.3% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 74 apartments (14.9%) were seasonally occupied and 14 apartments (2.8%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 1.3 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0%. The historical population is given in the following chart: In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the LPS Party which received 19.04% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (18.96%), the FDP (17.27%) and the Green Party (13.04%). In the federal election, a total of 377 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 53.0%. , Tannay had an unemployment rate of 2.8%. , there were 7 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 4 businesses involved in this sector. 13 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 4 businesses in this sector. 89 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 26 businesses in this sector. There were 613 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 40.6% of the workforce. , there were 60 workers who commuted into the municipality and 548 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 9.1 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 15.0% of the workforce coming into Tannay are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.4% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work. Of the working population, 16.2% used public transportation to get to work, and 71.6% used a private car. From the , 382 or 31.1% were Roman Catholic, while 367 or 29.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 17 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.39% of the population), there were 3 individuals (or about 0.24% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 33 individuals (or about 2.69% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 12 individuals (or about 0.98% of the population) who were Jewish, and 28 (or about 2.28% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 5 individuals who were Buddhist, 5 individuals who were Hindu and 1 individual who belonged to another church. 253 (or about 20.62% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 135 individuals (or about 11.00% of the population) did not answer the question. In Tannay about 344 or (28.0%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 371 or (30.2%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a \"Fachhochschule\"). Of the 371 who completed tertiary schooling, 35.6% were Swiss men, 23.7% were Swiss women, 22.4% were non-Swiss men and 18.3% were non-Swiss women. In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 132 students in the Tannay school district. In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts. During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 1,249 children of which 563 children (45.1%) received subsidized pre-school care. The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years. There were 68 students in the municipal primary school program. The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 64 students in those schools. , there were 11 students in Tannay who came from another municipality, while 230 residents attended schools outside the municipality. Tannay, Switzerland Tannay is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. Tannay is first mentioned in 1390 as \"Taney\". Tannay has an area, , of . Of this area, or 46.7% is used for agricultural"
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"Jorge Larrionda Jorge Luis Larrionda Pietrafesa (born March 9, 1968) is a retired FIFA football referee from Uruguay who has officiated at international matches since 1998. The high point of his career was the 2006 FIFA World Cup, in which he officiated four matches, including a semifinal between Portugal and France. He is a strict referee who shows a high number of cards. Larrionda is also well known in South America, having participated in countless matches of continental competitions such as the Copa Libertadores and the Campeonato Uruguayo. He retired from refereeing in 2011. Prior to the 2006 FIFA World Cup, Larrionda officiated 34 games internationally in matches in the 2001 Copa America, 2002 World Cup qualifying matches for CONMEBOL and CONCACAF, the 2003 Confederations Cup, the 2004 Olympics, the 2004 Libertadores Cup, the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship and Under-17 World Championship, and 2006 World Cup CONMEBOL qualifying matches. Larrionda was selected as a referee for the 2002 FIFA World Cup, but was suspended for six months by the Uruguayan Football Association two days after his selection, and was dropped from the list of referees. The organization cited \"irregularities\" which were not specified. Larrionda was one of five referees suspended for what the president of the Uruguayan board described as \"irregularities that were denounced by other referees.\" The suspensions reportedly arose from accusations of corruption between members of rival Uruguayan soccer officials unions. Larrionda officiated over a 2006 FIFA World Cup qualifier held October 13, 2004 between Brazil and Colombia at Maceio, Brazil. The match ended in a draw. Larrionda was selected as a referee for the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup. He took charge of the 2009 Confederations Cup semifinal, in which the United States upset Spain 2-0. He issued four yellow cards in the match, two to each side, as well as a straight red to the USA's Michael Bradley late in the game. Larrionda refereed the second leg of the two legged playoff between Bahrain and New Zealand, in Wellington. The first leg was refereed by Hungarian Viktor Kassai. Larrionda was selected again to officiate for the 2006 World Cup. He refereed the Angola - Portugal match on June 11. Larrionda's second assignment in the 2006 World Cup was the June 17 match Italy - United States. He became the fourth referee to send off three players in a single World Cup finals match, after sending off Italy's Daniele De Rossi for an elbow to the cheek of Brian McBride, United States' Pablo Mastroeni for a two-footed tackle, and Eddie Pope for a late tackle which saw Pope receive his second yellow card. In total for the match, Larrionda issued four yellow and three red cards; all but one of the cards were issued during the first 47 minutes of the match. Larrionda was chosen to officiate another group-stage match, between France and Togo. On 28 June FIFA announced that Larrionda would be one of the final group of 12 referees retained for the remainder of the tournament, and on 2 July he was appointed to officiate the second semi final between Portugal and France (July 5). Larrionda officiated the France-Portugal semifinal on July 5, 2006. In the 32nd minute, Larrionda awarded a penalty kick to France for a foul by Ricardo Carvalho on Thierry Henry. The shot was taken successfully by Zinedine Zidane. The penalty was the only goal of the game, and France won 1-0. Larrionda gave out only two yellow cards in the match. He booked Ricardo Carvalho of Portugal in 83rd minute and Louis Saha of France in the 87th. Both players were already carrying yellows, and thus missed the third place match and final, respectively, due to card accumulation. Larrionda was selected as a referee for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. He was the referee at the Australia-Serbia group stage match, which Australia won 2-1. He refereed the match between England and Germany, that Germany went on to win 4-1. Larrionda failed to award a goal when a shot from Frank Lampard came off of the crossbar and crossed the goal line. It would have made the score 2–2 at the time. This incident renewed calls for the introduction of goal-line technology. Larrionda along with his two assistants were not chosen by FIFA for the final stages. Jorge Larrionda Jorge Luis Larrionda Pietrafesa (born March 9, 1968) is a retired FIFA football referee from Uruguay who has officiated at international matches since 1998. The high point of his career was the 2006 FIFA World Cup, in which he officiated four matches, including a semifinal between Portugal and France. He is a strict referee who shows a high number of cards. Larrionda is also well known in South America, having participated in countless matches of continental competitions such as the Copa Libertadores and"
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"Anthony Stockwell Professor Anthony John \"Tony\" Stockwell is a British academic. He is considered to be one of the UK's leading researchers into the history of British imperialism and decolonisation in Southeast Asia. Professor Stockwell was appointed President of the Royal Asiatic Society from 2018-2021, having previously served in that capacity from 2000-2003 and 2006-2009. In 1989, he became joint editor of the \"Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History\". In 2002, he became Chairman of the Friends of The National Archives. Stockwell was appointed to the History Department at Royal Holloway, University of London (RHUL) in 1972. In 1996, he was promoted to Professor of Imperial and Commonwealth History. He has served as the college's Dean of Overseas Students, Dean of the Faculties of Arts and Music, and Head of the History Department. Stockwell was educated at Whitgift School in London and St John's College, Cambridge. After periods of school teaching, including Voluntary Service Overseas in Sarawak, Malaysia, and as an assistant principal in the home civil service, he did a doctorate in Malaysian history at the University of London's School of Oriental and African Studies before pursuing an academic career. Anthony Stockwell Professor Anthony John \"Tony\" Stockwell is a"
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"Sarcodon harrisonii Sarcodon harrisonii is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. Found in the southeastern United States, it was described as new to science in 1985 by Richard Baird. The type collection was made near Asheville, North Carolina. The fruit body has a flattened cap up to wide with a leathery surface texture that is reddish brown to dark brown. Spores are more or less spherical, measuring 7–8 by 6–7.5 µm. \"S. harrisonii\" is similar in appearance to the Michigan species \"S. ustalis\". The specific epithet honors Canadian mycologist Kenneth A. Harrison for his work on stipitate hydnums. Sarcodon harrisonii Sarcodon harrisonii is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. Found in the southeastern United States, it was described as new to science in 1985 by Richard Baird. The type collection was made near Asheville, North Carolina. The fruit body has a flattened cap up to wide with a leathery surface texture that is reddish brown to dark brown. Spores are more or less spherical, measuring 7–8 by 6–7.5 µm. \"S. harrisonii\" is similar in appearance to the Michigan species \"S. ustalis\". The specific epithet honors Canadian mycologist Kenneth A. Harrison for his work on"
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"Amarnath Amarasingam Amarnath Amarasingam is a Canadian extremism researcher. Amarasingam studied religion and culture at Wilfrid Laurier University from 2007 to 2011. Since September 2011 he teaches as a lecturer at Wilfrid Laurier University, since January 2012 additionally at the University of Waterloo. 2013 he was awarded a PhD with a thesis on social movement activism, his doctoral advisor was Lorne L. Dawson. From May 2014 to May 2016, he conducted research with a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council as a postdoctoral fellow at Dalhousie University. He is a senior research fellow at the London Institute for Strategic Dialogue, a fellow in the George Washington University Center for Cyber and Homeland Security extremism program and since January 2017 directs a study on Western Foreign Fighters at the University of Waterloo. Amarasingam has written for The New York Times, Politico, The Atlantic, VICE News, The Daily Beast, Foreign Affairs, The Huffington Post, Al Jazeera und \"War on the Rocks\". 2016 he participated in the TV-documentation \"ISIS: Rise of Terror\". Amarnath Amarasingam Amarnath Amarasingam is a Canadian extremism researcher. Amarasingam studied religion and culture at Wilfrid Laurier University from 2007 to 2011. Since September 2011 he teaches as"
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"Greatest Hits (James Taylor album) Greatest Hits is the first compilation album by American singer-songwriter James Taylor. Released on November 1, 1976. To this day, it is the best-selling album of his career. The album took place in the context of Taylor's end of his recording contract with Warner Brothers. It features redone versions of \"Carolina in My Mind\" and \"Something in the Way She Moves\", both of which had been previously included on Taylor's self-titled debut album in 1968. It also includes previously unavailable live version of \"Steamroller\". The album did not rise higher than #23 on the \"Billboard\" albums chart on its original release. However it became a steady seller for many years, and \"Greatest Hits\" has sold over 11,000,000 copies certifying it as a Platinum album eleven times over, and a diamond album once (for 10 million copies). In August 2012, the album re-entered the Billboard albums chart at #15, which gave the album a new peak. All songs were written by James Taylor except where noted. Side 1: Side 2: Music critic William Ruhlmann gave the album a positive review, writing for Allmusic that it constitutes a \"reasonable collection for an artist who wasn't particularly well-defined by his singles. While cautioning that the release didn't quite show the \"evolution\" of Taylor's songwriting, he stated that it remains \"a good sampler\" of the artist's early work. Greatest Hits (James Taylor album) Greatest Hits is the first compilation album by American singer-songwriter James Taylor. Released on November 1, 1976. To this day, it is the best-selling album of his career. The album took place in the context of Taylor's end of his recording contract with Warner Brothers. It features redone versions of \"Carolina in My Mind\" and \"Something in the Way She Moves\", both of which had been"
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"2013–14 Chicago Blackhawks season The 2013–14 Chicago Blackhawks season was the 88th season for the National Hockey League franchise that was established on September 25, 1926. The Blackhawks were attempting to repeat as Stanley Cup champions, a feat that had not been accomplished in the NHL since the Detroit Red Wings won consecutive championships in 1997 and 1998. As the defending Stanley Cup Champions, the Blackhawks kicked off the 2013–14 regular season on October 1, 2013, with a 30-minute Banner Raising Ceremony at the United Center to celebrate its historical 2012–13 season. Banners were raised to mark the Blackhawks's clinch of the Central Division, Western Conference, Presidents' Trophy and the Stanley Cup Championship. The Blackhawks then went on to defeat the Washington Capitals in its home opener, and became the first team since the 2008–09 Pittsburgh Penguins to do so. However, unlike the previous season where the Blackhawks were undefeated for the first six games of the season, they quickly fell against the Tampa Bay Lightning and division rival St. Louis Blues in the next two games. On October 15, with a win against the Carolina Hurricanes, the Blackhawks celebrated its 2,500th regular season win in franchise history. On January 29, with a win against the Vancouver Canucks, Joel Quenneville reached 693 coaching wins, moving him into sole possession of 3rd place in all-time wins. On February 3, the Blackhawks played their 6,000th regular season game in franchise history with a 5–3 win over the Los Angeles Kings. On March 1, the Blackhawks played in their 2nd outdoor game in franchise history at Soldier Field, Home of the Chicago Bears football team. The outdoor game was in part of the new NHL Stadium Series. The Blackhawks hosted the Pittsburgh Penguins as Captains Jonathan Toews and Sidney Crosby would play against each other for the first time ever. In front of a sold out crowd of 62,921, The Blackhawks defeated the Penguins 5-1 in a classic winter storm setting. On March 19, with a win against the rival St. Louis Blues, Joel Quenneville reached 700 coaching wins. Legend: The Blackhawks qualified for the playoffs for the sixth consecutive season. As the 3rd seed in the Central division, the Blackhawks played the 2nd seed of the Central against the St. Louis Blues in the season's new playoff format. During the first round against the St. Louis Blues the Blackhawks fell to an early 2–0 deficit in the series with two overtime losses of 4–3 each in St. Louis. The Blackhawks would rally back with 4 consecutive wins to win the best of 7 series. In game 3, Corey Crawford's stellar performance earned him a 2–0 shutout and the 1st star of the game. In Game 4, the Blackhawks had a 2–1 lead until the Blues tied the game with 4.6 seconds left in the 2nd period. The Blues would take the lead in the 3rd period with 7:33 left. The Blackhawks tied the game at 3 with Bryan Bickell's redirect with 3:52 left. In overtime Patrick Kane would score the game-winning goal with 8:43 left. With the series tied 2, game 5 would return to St. Louis with another overtime game as Jonathan Toews scored on a breakaway with 12:25 left to take a 3–2 series lead back to Chicago. In game 6 the Hawks would take 1–1 tie into the 3rd period. The Blackhawks would score 4 goals from Jonathan Toews, Patrick Sharp, Andrew Shaw and Duncan Keith to win the game 5–1 and the series 4–2. The Blackhawks played the Minnesota Wild in the Second Round, a rematch of 2013 Conference Quarterfinals where the Hawks won in 5 games. This time around, the Blackhawks won in 6 games. On May 4, Joel Quenneville won his 800th coached NHL game for both the regular season and playoffs combined. The Blackhawks won Game 2 against the Wild 4–1. In a back-and-forth series against the Los Angeles Kings in the Western Conference Finals, the Blackhawks lost in 7 games. Denotes player spent time with another team before joining the Blackhawks. Stats reflect time with the Blackhawks only. Traded mid-season Bold/italics denotes franchise record The Blackhawks have been involved in the following transactions during the 2013–14 season. The Blackhawks had the following picks at the 2013 NHL Entry Draft, which was held in Newark, New Jersey, on June 30, 2013. 2013–14 Chicago Blackhawks season The 2013–14 Chicago Blackhawks season was the 88th season for the National Hockey League franchise that was established on September 25, 1926. The Blackhawks were attempting to repeat as Stanley Cup champions, a feat that had not been accomplished in the NHL since the Detroit Red Wings won consecutive championships in 1997 and 1998. As the defending Stanley Cup Champions, the Blackhawks kicked off the 2013–14 regular season on October"
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"T. J. Brennan Terrance James Brennan (born April 3, 1989) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman currently playing for the Lehigh Valley Phantoms of the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League (NHL), Brennan was originally selected by the Buffalo Sabres in the second round, 31st overall, of the 2007 NHL Entry Draft, and has also previously played for the Florida Panthers at the NHL level. Brennan has been cited as an elite offensive AHL defenseman, scoring at a pace of nearly a point-per-game, a rare feat for a player of his position. Brennan is from Willingboro Township, New Jersey and grew up in Moorestown, New Jersey. He left Moorestown High School during his senior year to begin his career as a hockey player, later playing two seasons with the now-defunct St. John's Fog Devils of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) before moving with the team to Montreal, when it became the Montreal Junior Hockey Club. During the 2006–07 season, Brennan scored 16 goals and 25 assists in 68 games, winning the Raymond Lagacé Trophy as the QMJHL defensive rookie of the year. The following year, he played three fewer games and matched his offensive output from the year before while averaging a point per game in his team's six-game playoff run. On April 18, 2009, Brennan signed a three-year, entry-level contract with the Buffalo Sabres that began in the 2009–10 season. Throughout the season, Brennan spent time acclimatizing to the professional level whilst with Portland, further developing his defensive game that he had begun to work on in Montreal, when his point totals dropped as he looked to become stronger as a defenseman. His work ethic also improved–Brennan quickly learned that to stay in the line-up, he would have to continue to earn his place every night, or be a healthy scratch; his hard work paid off, and he didn't miss two games back-to-back from January 12, 2010, to the end of the Pirates' post-season. On November 23, 2011, Brennan made his NHL debut for the Sabres, also scoring his first career NHL goal against goaltender Tim Thomas of the Boston Bruins. On March 15, 2013, Brennan was traded to the Florida Panthers in exchange for a fifth-round pick in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. On June 14, 2013, he was traded from the Panthers to the Nashville Predators in exchange for Bobby Butler. Brennan was not qualified by the Predators, however, and was released as a free agent on July 1. On July 5, he then signed a one-year, two-way contract with the Toronto Maple Leafs worth $600,000. On July 4, 2014, Brennan buoyed by his successful season with the AHL's Toronto Marlies and signed as an unrestricted free agent on a one-year NHL contract with the New York Islanders. However, after partaking in the Islanders' 2014 training camp, on October 4, Brennan was traded prior to the 2014–15 season, along with Ville Pokka and Anders Nilsson, to the Chicago Blackhawks in exchange for defenseman Nick Leddy. Brennan was assigned to the Rockford IceHogs, the Blackhawks' AHL affiliate, after clearing waivers. On February 26, 2015, Brennan was traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs in exchange for Spencer Abbott. He was then reassigned for a second stint with the Marlies. During this season, he would also make his first appearance for the Maple Leafs, playing in 6 games for the club. Brennan was re-signed to a one-year contract following the seasons completion. The following year, Brennan was a staple defenseman on the league leading Marlies, remaining at a point a game throughout the season and recording the second most points in the AHL. Brennan was called up to play in one game on March 9, 2016 due to an influx of injuries. However, a few weeks later, on March 31, with few games remaining in the season, Brennan was called up to the Maple Leafs to finish the year, in reward for his strong minor league play. On April 4, Brennan scored his first goal in the NHL in nearly 3 years, potting one in a 4-3 defeat of the Florida Panthers. Coincidentally, Brennan's last goal was on April 11, 2013, while playing for the Panthers. On July 5, 2016, Brennan signed a two-year contract with his hometown Philadelphia Flyers. All of the listed were won in the American Hockey League. T. J. Brennan Terrance James Brennan (born April 3, 1989) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman currently playing for the Lehigh Valley Phantoms of the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League (NHL), Brennan was originally selected by the Buffalo Sabres in the second round, 31st overall, of the 2007 NHL Entry Draft, and has also"
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"Chris Snee Christopher Snee (born January 18, 1982) is a former American football guard who played his entire ten-year career for the New York Giants of the National Football League. He played college football for Boston College and was chosen by the Giants in the second round of the 2004 NFL Draft. Snee earned two Super Bowl rings with the Giants in Super Bowl XLII and Super Bowl XLVI, both against the New England Patriots. At Montrose High School, Snee was a two-time all-state selection, and a three-time All-Conference selection. He is believed to be the first NFL player ever to grow up in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania. He was named the Regional Defensive Player of the Year in 1999. He was named Three-time All-Conference choice and a two-year All-Regional honoree. Snee played defense in high school and recorded 47 quarterback sacks in his three years as a starter on the defensive line. He led his team to the district title in 1997 and 1998. He totaled 101 tackles in his senior season and served as their team captain. Snee was a two-time All-Conference selection and team captain on the school’s basketball team. He played in the 43rd annual Big 33 Football Classic, featuring the top players from Pennsylvania and Ohio. Snee attended Boston College, where he played for the Boston College Eagles football team. He was a second-team All-America selection and an All-Big East Conference first-team choice by The NFL Draft Report in his final season at Boston College. In 2003, he started every game, including the San Francisco Bowl, at right guard, providing excellent blocking as tailback Derrick Knight ranked fourth in the nation in rushing with 1,721 yards. He started every game at left guard in 2002, helping the team finish third in the Big East in total offense (5,074 yards) and second in passing yards (3,010). Snee was third-team Freshman All-America selection by \"Sporting News\" in 2001 and was a member of the Big East’s All-Freshman team. He played in nine games, starting the final six contests. He made his first career start vs. Virginia Tech at right tackle before shifting to right guard for the Pittsburgh contest. Snee gave up his final year of college eligibility to make himself eligible for the NFL Draft. The New York Giants selected Snee in the second round (34th overall) of the 2004 NFL Draft. The New York Giants' head coach, Tom Coughlin, was Snee's father-in-law at the time of the draft. He made his NFL debut against the Philadelphia Eagles, where he helped Tiki Barber rush for 125 yards on nine carries, including a 72-yard score. He missed the final five games of the season after waking up the morning of the game against the Washington Redskins with an inflamed gland just beneath his jaw. He arrived at the stadium early, but there was no progress in his condition prior to the time the Giants had to submit their list of inactive players. The condition did not improve enough for him to play again in the 2004 NFL season. As a rookie in 2004, Snee started all 11 games in which he played at right guard, a job he won in training camp. Snee and the line provided enough run blocking for Barber again for him to rush for a then team record 220 yards vs. the Kansas City Chiefs. He also helped blocking against the Oakland Raiders and helped Barber rush for 203 yards, including a team-record 95-yard touchdown. His pass blocking enabled Eli Manning to pass for 3,762 yards, the 5th-highest total in franchise history. Snee also provided enough run blocking for Barber to rush for a franchise record 1,860 yards. He was then selected as a fourth alternate to the NFC Pro Bowl team. In 2005, Snee started all 16 regular season games and the NFC Wild Card Game at right guard. Against the Washington Redskins, the line allowed one sack and helped the Giants rush for 261 rushing yards, their highest total since they ran for 262 yards on Oct. 30, 2005. In the NFC Wild Card game against the Philadelphia Eagles, the line allowed one sack and provided enough blocking for the Giants to rush for 151 yards on 31 carries. He was later voted as third alternate to the 2006 Pro Bowl. Snee provided enough run blocking for the Giants offense to rush for 2,156 yards, the seventh-highest total in the NFL. In 2006, Snee started all 16 regular season games and the NFC Wild Card Game at right guard. Against the Atlanta Falcons, the line allowed one sack and provided enough protection for the Giants offense to gain 491 yards of total offense. Snee and the line allowed just four total sacks in a 5-game period from Sept. 30-Oct. 28. In week 17 Snee helped Tiki Barber rush for a franchise record 234 yards in a playoff-clinching win against the Washington Redskins. In that game Barber had three runs of 50 yards or more, two of them for touchdowns. In 2007, Snee started all 16 regular season games and the Giants’ four postseason games. He was an integral part of an offense that helped the Giants score 373 points (the fifth-highest total in franchise history) and compile 321 first downs (the fourth-highest total by a Giants team) and 5,302 yards (seventh in team history). The line’s blocking enabled the Giants to finish fourth in the NFL in rushing yardage with an average of 134.3 yards a game. Snee also enabled the Giants rushed for 289 yards in a playoff-clinching victory against the Buffalo Bills, their highest total in 22 years. He also started every game in which he’s played (59 regular season and six postseason) at right guard. Snee entered the 2008 season with 48 consecutive regular season starts, the third-longest streak on the Giants behind David Diehl (80) and Eli Manning (55). Snee reportedly signed a new six-year contract extension to remain a Giant through the 2014 season. The deal has a base salary of $41.25 million and includes $17 million in guarantees. Snee also gets a $13.5 million signing bonus and can earn another $2 million in incentives. $23 million will be available in the first three seasons and his annual base average is $6.875 million. Snee's strong play in 2008 earned him his first Pro Bowl selection as one of the NFC's starting guards. At the end of the 2011 season, Snee and the Giants appeared in Super Bowl XLVI. He started in the game as the Giants defeated the New England Patriots by a score of 21–17 giving him his second Super Bowl title. Snee was selected to the 2013 Pro Bowl and had hip surgery after the event. In October 2013, Snee was put on the injured reserve list and was out for the rest of the season due to an injured hip. Snee announced his retirement from the NFL on July 21, 2014. On May 30, 2017, he was hired by his former coach with New York Giants, father-in-law, and current Jacksonville Jaguars' executive vice-president Tom Coughlin to be a scout for the Jacksonville Jaguars. He will also act as a coaching assistant and help offensive line coach Pat Flaherty and assistant offensive line coach Tony Sparano Jr. with the offensive linemen throughout training camp. Snee is the son of Diane and Ed Snee, and has three brothers: Edward, Daniel and Shaun. He graduated from Montrose Area Jr./Sr. High School in Montrose, Pennsylvania in 2000. He married Kate Coughlin, daughter of former New York Giants coach Tom Coughlin. They have four children: Dylan, Cooper, Walker, and Hartley. He now is a lineman coach at Indian Hills High School in Oakland, NJ, where they made the semifinals in his first season in 2015. Chris Snee Christopher Snee"
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"Original proof of Gödel's completeness theorem The proof of Gödel's completeness theorem given by Kurt Gödel in his doctoral dissertation of 1929 (and a rewritten version of the dissertation, published as an article in 1930) is not easy to read today; it uses concepts and formalism that are no longer used and terminology that is often obscure. The version given below attempts to represent all the steps in the proof and all the important ideas faithfully, while restating the proof in the modern language of mathematical logic. This outline should not be considered a rigorous proof of the theorem. We work with first-order predicate calculus. Our languages allow constant, function and relation symbols. Structures consist of (non-empty) domains and interpretations of the relevant symbols as constant members, functions or relations over that domain. We assume classical logic (as opposed to intuitionistic logic for example). We fix some axiomatization (i.e. a syntax-based, machine-manageable proof system) of the predicate calculus: logical axioms and rules of inference. Any of the several well-known equivalent axiomatizations will do. Gödel's original proof assumed the Hilbert-Ackermann proof system. We assume without proof all the basic well-known results about our formalism that we need, such as the normal form theorem or the soundness theorem. We axiomatize predicate calculus \"without equality\" (sometimes confusingly called \"without identity\"), i.e. there are no special axioms expressing the properties of (object) equality as a special relation symbol. After the basic form of the theorem has been proved, it will be easy to extend it to the case of predicate calculus \"with equality\". In the following, we state two equivalent forms of the theorem, and show their equivalence. Later, we prove the theorem. This is done in the following steps: This is the most basic form of the completeness theorem. We immediately restate it in a form more convenient for our purposes: When we say \"all structures\", it is important to specify that the structures involved are classical (Tarskian) interpretations I, where I= (U is a non-empty (possibly infinite) set of objects, whereas F is a set of functions from expressions of the interpreted symbolism into U). [By contrast, so-called \"free logics\" countenance possibly empty sets for U. For more regarding free logics, see the work of Karel Lambert.] \"φ is refutable\" means \"by definition\" \"¬φ is provable\". To see the equivalence, note first that if Theorem 1 holds, and φ is not satisfiable in any structure, then ¬φ is valid in all structures and therefore provable, thus φ is refutable and Theorem 2 holds. If on the other hand Theorem 2 holds and φ is valid in all structures, then ¬φ is not satisfiable in any structure and therefore refutable; then ¬¬φ is provable and then so is φ, thus Theorem 1 holds. We approach the proof of Theorem 2 by successively restricting the class of all formulas φ for which we need to prove \"φ is either refutable or satisfiable\". At the beginning we need to prove this for all possible formulas φ in our language. However, suppose that for every formula φ there is some formula ψ taken from a more restricted class of formulas C, such that \"ψ is either refutable or satisfiable\" → \"φ is either refutable or satisfiable\". Then, once this claim (expressed in the previous sentence) is proved, it will suffice to prove \"φ is either refutable or satisfiable\" only for φ's belonging to the class C. Note also that if φ is provably equivalent to ψ (\"i.e.\", (φ≡ψ) is provable), then it is indeed the case that \"ψ is either refutable or satisfiable\" → \"φ is either refutable or satisfiable\" (the soundness theorem is needed to show this). There are standard techniques for rewriting an arbitrary formula into one that does not use function or constant symbols, at the cost of introducing additional quantifiers; we will therefore assume that all formulas are free of such symbols. Gödel's paper uses a version of first-order predicate calculus that has no function or constant symbols to begin with. Next we consider a generic formula φ (which no longer uses function or constant symbols) and apply the prenex form theorem to find a formula ψ in \"normal form\" such that φ≡ψ (ψ being in \"normal form\" means that all the quantifiers in ψ, if there are any, are found at the very beginning of ψ). It follows now that we need only prove Theorem 2 for formulas φ in normal form. Next, we eliminate all free variables from φ by quantifying them existentially: if, say, x...x are free in φ, we form formula_1. If ψ is satisfiable in a structure M, then certainly so is φ and if ψ is refutable, then formula_2 is provable, and then so is ¬φ, thus φ is refutable. We see that we can restrict φ to be a \"sentence\", that is, a formula with no free variables. Finally, we would like, for reasons of technical convenience, that the \"prefix\" of φ (that is, the string of quantifiers at the beginning of φ, which is in normal form) begin with a universal quantifier and end with an existential quantifier. To achieve this for a generic φ (subject to restrictions we have already proved), we take some one-place relation symbol F unused in φ, and two new variables y and z.. If φ = (P)Φ, where (P) stands for the prefix of φ and Φ for the \"matrix\" (the remaining, quantifier-free part of φ) we form formula_3. Since formula_4 is clearly provable, it is easy to see that formula_5 is provable. Our generic formula φ now is a sentence, in normal form, and its prefix starts with a universal quantifier and ends with an existential quantifier. Let us call the class of all such formulas R. We are faced with proving that every formula in R is either refutable or satisfiable. Given our formula φ, we group strings of quantifiers of one kind together in blocks: We define the degree of formula_7 to be the number of universal quantifier blocks, separated by existential quantifier blocks as shown above, in the prefix of formula_7. The following lemma, which Gödel adapted from Skolem's proof of the Löwenheim–Skolem theorem, lets us sharply reduce the complexity of the generic formula formula_7 we need to prove the theorem for: Lemma. Let k>=1. If every formula in R of degree k is either refutable or satisfiable, then so is every formula in R of degree k+1. Proof. Let φ be a formula of degree k+1; then we can write it as where (P) is the remainder of the prefix of formula_7 (it is thus of degree k-1) and formula_16 is the quantifier-free matrix of formula_7. x, y, u and v denote here \"tuples\" of variables rather than single variables; \"e.g.\" formula_18 really stands for formula_19 where formula_20 are some distinct variables. Let now x' and y' be tuples of previously unused variables of the same length as x and y respectively, and let Q be a previously unused relation symbol that takes as many arguments as the sum of lengths of x and y; we consider the formula Clearly, formula_22 is provable. Now since the string of quantifiers formula_23 does not contain variables from x or y, the following equivalence is easily provable with the help of whatever formalism we're using: And since these two formulas are equivalent, if we replace the first with the second inside Φ, we obtain the formula Φ' such that Φ≡Φ': Now Φ' has the form formula_26, where (S) and (S') are some quantifier strings, ρ and ρ' are quantifier-free, and, furthermore, no variable of (S) occurs in ρ' and no variable of (S') occurs in ρ. Under such conditions every formula of the form formula_27, where (T) is a string of quantifiers containing all quantifiers in (S) and (S') interleaved among themselves in any fashion, but maintaining the relative order inside (S) and (S'), will be equivalent to the original formula Φ'(this is yet another basic result in first-order predicate calculus that we rely on). To wit, we form Ψ as follows: and we have formula_29. Now formula_30 is a formula of degree k and therefore by assumption either",
"if we replace the first with the second inside Φ, we obtain the formula Φ' such that Φ≡Φ': Now Φ' has the form formula_26, where (S) and (S') are some quantifier strings, ρ and ρ' are quantifier-free, and, furthermore, no variable of (S) occurs in ρ' and no variable of (S') occurs in ρ. Under such conditions every formula of the form formula_27, where (T) is a string of quantifiers containing all quantifiers in (S) and (S') interleaved among themselves in any fashion, but maintaining the relative order inside (S) and (S'), will be equivalent to the original formula Φ'(this is yet another basic result in first-order predicate calculus that we rely on). To wit, we form Ψ as follows: and we have formula_29. Now formula_30 is a formula of degree k and therefore by assumption either refutable or satisfiable. If formula_30 is satisfiable in a structure M, then, considering formula_32, we see that formula_7 is satisfiable as well. If formula_30 is refutable, then so is formula_35, which is equivalent to it; thus formula_36 is provable. Now we can replace all occurrences of Q inside the provable formula formula_36 by some other formula dependent on the same variables, and we will still get a provable formula. In this particular case, we replace Q(x',y') in formula_36 with the formula formula_40. Here (x,y|x',y') means that instead of ψ we are writing a different formula, in which x and y are replaced with x' and y'. Note that Q(x,y) is simply replaced by formula_41. formula_36 then becomes and this formula is provable; since the part under negation and after the formula_44 sign is obviously provable, and the part under negation and before the formula_44 sign is obviously φ, just with x and y replaced by x' and y', we see that formula_46 is provable, and φ is refutable. We have proved that φ is either satisfiable or refutable, and this concludes the proof of the Lemma. Notice that we could not have used formula_40 instead of Q(x',y') from the beginning, because formula_30 would not have been a well-formed formula in that case. This is why we cannot naively use the argument appearing at the comment that precedes the proof. As shown by the Lemma above, we only need to prove our theorem for formulas φ in R of degree 1. φ cannot be of degree 0, since formulas in R have no free variables and don't use constant symbols. So the formula φ has the general form: Now we define an ordering of the k-tuples of natural numbers as follows: formula_50 should hold if either formula_51, or formula_52, and formula_53 precedes formula_54 in lexicographic order. [Here formula_55 denotes the sum of the terms of the tuple.] Denote the nth tuple in this order by formula_56. Set the formula formula_57 as formula_58. Then put formula_59 as Lemma: For every \"n\", φformula_61. Proof: By induction on n; we have formula_62, where the latter implication holds by variable substitution, since the ordering of the tuples is such that formula_63. But the last formula is equivalent to formula_64φ. For the base case, formula_65 is obviously a corollary of φ as well. So the Lemma is proven. Now if formula_66 is refutable for some \"n\", it follows that φ is refutable. On the other hand, suppose that formula_66 is not refutable for any \"n\". Then for each \"n\" there is some way of assigning truth values to the distinct subpropositions formula_68 (ordered by their first appearance in formula_59; \"distinct\" here means either distinct predicates, or distinct bound variables) in formula_70, such that formula_66 will be true when each proposition is evaluated in this fashion. This follows from the completeness of the underlying propositional logic. We will now show that there is such an assignment of truth values to formula_68, so that all formula_59 will be true: The formula_68 appear in the same order in every formula_66; we will inductively define a general assignment to them by a sort of \"majority vote\": Since there are infinitely many assignments (one for each formula_66) affecting formula_77, either infinitely many make formula_77 true, or infinitely many make it false and only finitely many make it true. In the former case, we choose formula_77 to be true in general; in the latter we take it to be false in general. Then from the infinitely many \"n\" for which formula_77 through formula_81 are assigned the same truth value as in the general assignment, we pick a general assignment to formula_68 in the same fashion. This general assignment must lead to every one of the formula_83 and formula_84 being true, since if one of the formula_83 were false under the general assignment, formula_59 would also be false for every \"n > k\". But this contradicts the fact that for the finite collection of general formula_68 assignments appearing in formula_84, there are infinitely many \"n\" where the assignment making formula_59 true matches the general assignment. From this general assignment, which makes all of the formula_84 true, we construct an interpretation of the language's predicates that makes φ true. The universe of the model will be the natural numbers. Each i-ary predicate formula_30 should be true of the naturals formula_92 precisely when the proposition formula_93 is either true in the general assignment, or not assigned by it (because it never appears in any of the formula_84). In this model, each of the formulas formula_95 is true by construction. But this implies that φ itself is true in the model, since the formula_96 range over all possible k-tuples of natural numbers. So φ is satisfiable, and we are done. We may write each B as Φ(x...x,y...y) for some x-s, which we may call \"first arguments\" and y-s that we may call \"last arguments\". Take B for example. Its \"last arguments\" are z,z...z, and for every possible combination of k of these variables there is some j so that they appear as \"first arguments\" in B. Thus for large enough n, D has the property that the \"last arguments\" of B appear, in every possible combinations of k of them, as \"first arguments\" in other B-s within D. For every B there is a D with the corresponding property. Therefore in a model that satisfies all the D-s, there are objects corresponding to z, z... and each combination of k of these appear as \"first arguments\" in some B, meaning that for every k of these objects z...z there are z...z, which makes Φ(z...z,z...z) satisfied. By taking a submodel with only these z, z... objects, we have a model satisfying φ. Gödel reduced a formula containing instances of the equality predicate to ones without it in an extended language. His method involves replacing a formula φ containing some instances of equality with the formula Here formula_105 denote the predicates appearing in φ (with formula_106 their respective arities), and φ' is the formula φ with all occurrences of equality replaced with the new predicate \"Eq\". If this new formula is refutable, the original φ was as well; the same is true of satisfiability, since we may take a quotient of satisfying model of the new formula by the equivalence relation representing \"Eq\". This quotient is well-defined with respect to the other predicates, and therefore will satisfy the original formula φ. Gödel also considered the case where there are a countably infinite collection of formulas. Using the same reductions as above, he was able to consider only those cases where each formula is of degree 1 and contains no uses of equality. For a countable collection of formulas formula_107 of degree 1, we may define formula_108 as above; then define formula_109 to be the closure of formula_110. The remainder of the proof then went through as before. When there is an uncountably infinite collection of formulas, the Axiom of Choice (or at least some weak form of it) is needed. Using the full AC, one can well-order the formulas, and prove the uncountable case with the same argument as the countable one, except with transfinite induction. Other approaches can be used to prove that the completeness theorem in",
"the case where there are a countably infinite collection of formulas. Using the same reductions as above, he was able to consider only those cases where each formula is of degree 1 and contains no uses of equality. For a countable collection of formulas formula_107 of degree 1, we may define formula_108 as above; then define formula_109 to be the closure of formula_110. The remainder of the proof then went through as before. When there is an uncountably infinite collection of formulas, the Axiom of Choice (or at least some weak form of it) is needed. Using the full AC, one can well-order the formulas, and prove the uncountable case with the same argument as the countable one, except with transfinite induction. Other approaches can be used to prove that the completeness theorem in this case is equivalent to the Boolean prime ideal theorem, a weak form of AC. Original proof of Gödel's completeness theorem The proof of Gödel's completeness theorem"
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"Compartmentalization (information security) Compartmentalization, in information security, whether public or private, is the limiting of access to information to persons or other entities on a need-to-know basis to perform certain tasks. It originated in the handling of classified information in military and intelligence applications. It dates back to antiquity, and was successfully used to keep the secret of Greek fire. The basis for compartmentalization is the idea that, if fewer people know the details of a mission or task, the risk or likelihood that such information will be compromised or fall into the hands of the opposition is decreased. Hence, varying levels of clearance within organizations exist. Yet, even if someone has the highest clearance, certain \"compartmentalized\" information, identified by codewords referring to particular types of secret information, may still be restricted to certain operators, even with a lower overall security clearance. Information marked this way is said to be codeword–classified. One famous example of this was the Ultra secret, where documents were marked \"Top Secret Ultra\": \"Top Secret\" marked its security level, and the \"Ultra\" keyword further restricted its readership to only those cleared to read \"Ultra\" documents. Compartmentalization is now also used in commercial security engineering as a technique to protect information such as medical records. An example of compartmentalization was the Manhattan Project. Personnel at Oak Ridge constructed and operated centrifuges to isolate uranium-235 from naturally occurring uranium, but most did not know exactly what they were doing. Those that knew did not know why they were doing it. Parts of the weapon were separately designed by teams who did not know how the parts interacted. Compartmentalization (information security) Compartmentalization, in information security, whether public or private, is the limiting of access to information to persons or other entities on a need-to-know basis to perform certain tasks."
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"Valve actuator A valve actuator is the mechanism for opening and closing a valve. Manually operated valves require someone in attendance to adjust them using a direct or geared mechanism attached to the valve stem. Power-operated actuators, using gas pressure, hydraulic pressure or electricity, allow a valve to be adjusted remotely, or allow rapid operation of large valves. Power-operated valve actuators may be the final elements of an automatic control loop which automatically regulates some flow, level or other process. Actuators may be only to open and close the valve, or may allow intermediate positioning; some valve actuators include switches or other ways to remotely indicate the position of the valve. Used for the automation of industrial valves, actuators can be found in all kinds of process plants. They are used in waste water treatment plants, power plants, refineries, mining and nuclear processes, food factories, and pipelines. Valve actuators play a major part in automating process control. The valves to be automated vary both in design and dimension. The diameters of the valves range from one-tenth of an inch to several feet. There are four common types of actuators: manual, pneumatic, hydraulic, and electric. A manual actuator employs levers, gears, or wheels to move the valve stem. Manual actuators are powered by hand. Manual actuators are inexpensive, typically self-contained and easy to operate. However, some large valves are impossible to operate manually and some valves may be located in remote, toxic or hostile environments that prevent manual operations. As a safety feature, certain types of situations may require quicker operation than manual actuators can provide to close the valve.. Air (or other gas) pressure is the power source for pneumatic valve actuators. They are used on linear or quarter-turn valves. Air pressure acts on a piston or bellows diaphragm creating linear force on a valve stem. Alternatively, a quarter-turn vane-type actuator produces torque to provide rotary motion to operate a quarter-turn valve. A pneumatic actuator may be arranged to be spring-closed or spring-opened, with air pressure overcoming the spring to provide movement. A \"double acting\" actuator use air applied to different inlets to move the valve in the opening or closing direction. A central compressed air system can provide the clean, dry, compressed air needed for pneumatic actuators. In some types, for example, regulators for compressed gas, the supply pressure is provided from the process gas stream and waste gas either vented to air or dumped into lower-pressure process piping. Hydraulic actuators convert fluid pressure into motion. Similar to pneumatic actuators, they are used on linear or quarter-turn valves. Fluid pressure acting on a piston provides linear thrust for gate or globe valves. A quarter-turn actuator produces torque to provide rotary motion to operate a quarter-turn valve. Most types of hydraulic actuators can be supplied with fail-safe features to close or open a valve under emergency circumstances. Hydraulic pressure can be supplied by a self-contained hydraulic pressure pump. In some applications, such as water pumping stations, the process fluid can provide hydraulic pressure, although the actuators must use materials compatible with the fluid. The electric actuator uses an electric motor to provide torque to operate a valve. They are quiet, non-toxic and energy efficient. However, electricity must be available, which is not always the case, they can also operate on batteries. Spring-based actuators hold back a spring. Once any anomaly is detected, or power is lost, the spring is released, operating the valve. They can only operate once, without resetting, and so are used for one-use purposes such as emergencies. They have the advantage that they do not require a powerful electric supply to move the valve, so they can operate from restricted battery power, or automatically when all power has been lost. A linear actuator opens and closes valves that can be operated via linear force, the type sometimes called a \"rising stem\" valve. These types of valves include globe valves, rising stem ball valves, control valves and gate valves. The two main types of linear actuators are diaphragm and piston. Diaphragm actuators are made out of a round piece of rubber and squeezed around its edges between two side of a cylinder or chamber that allows air pressure to enter either side pushing the piece of rubber one direction or the other. A rod is connected to the center of the diaphragm so that it moves as the pressure is applied. The rod is then connected to a valve stem which allows the valve to experience the linear motion thereby opening or closing. A diaphragm actuator is useful if the supply pressure is moderate and the valve travel and thrust required are low. Piston actuators use a piston which moves along the length of a cylinder. The piston rod conveys the force on the piston to the valve stem. Piston actuators allow higher pressures, longer travel ranges, and higher thrust forces than diaphragm actuators. A spring is used to provide defined behavior in the case of loss of power. This is important in safety related incidents and is sometimes the driving factor in specifications. An example of loss of power is when the air compressor (the main source of compressed air that provides the fluid for the actuator to move) shuts down. If there is a spring inside of the actuator, it will force the valve open or closed and will keep it in that position while power is restored. An actuator may be specified \"fail open\" or \"fail close\" to describe its behavior. In the case of an electric actuator, losing power will keep the valve stationary unless there is a back up power supply. A typical representative of the valves to be automated is a plug-type control valve. Just like the plug in the bathtub is pressed into the drain, the plug is pressed into the plug seat by a stroke movement. The pressure of the medium acts upon the plug while the thrust unit has to provide the same amount of thrust to be able to hold and move the plug against this pressure. Robust asynchronous three-phase AC motors are mostly used as the driving force, for some applications also single-phase AC or DC motors are used. These motors are specially adapted for valve automation as they provide higher torques from standstill than comparable conventional motors, a necessary requirement to unseat sticky valves. The actuators are expected to operate under extreme ambient conditions, however they are generally not used for continuous operation since the motor heat buildup can be excessive. The limit switches signal when an end position has been reached. The torque switching measures the torque present in the valve. When exceeding a set limit, this is signaled in the same way. Actuators are often equipped with a remote position transmitter which indicates the valve position as continuous 4-20mA current or voltage signal. Often a worm gearing is used to reduce the high output speed of the electric motor. This enables a high reduction ratio within the gear stage, leading to a low efficiency which is desired for the actuators. The gearing is therefore self-locking i.e. it prevents accidental and undesired changes of the valve position by acting upon the valve’s closing element. The valve attachment consists of two elements. First: The flange used to firmly connect the actuator to the counterpart on the valve side. The higher the torque to be transmitted, the larger the flange required. Second: The output drive type used to transmit the torque or the thrust from the actuator to the valve shaft. Just like there is a multitude of valves there is also a multitude of valve attachments. Dimensions and design of valve mounting flange and valve attachments are stipulated in the standards EN ISO 5210 for multi-turn actuators or EN ISO 5211 for part-turn actuators. The design of valve",
"which is desired for the actuators. The gearing is therefore self-locking i.e. it prevents accidental and undesired changes of the valve position by acting upon the valve’s closing element. The valve attachment consists of two elements. First: The flange used to firmly connect the actuator to the counterpart on the valve side. The higher the torque to be transmitted, the larger the flange required. Second: The output drive type used to transmit the torque or the thrust from the actuator to the valve shaft. Just like there is a multitude of valves there is also a multitude of valve attachments. Dimensions and design of valve mounting flange and valve attachments are stipulated in the standards EN ISO 5210 for multi-turn actuators or EN ISO 5211 for part-turn actuators. The design of valve attachments for linear actuators is generally based on DIN 3358. In their basic version most electric actuators are equipped with a handwheel for operating the actuators during commissioning or power failure. The handwheel does not move during motor operation. The electronic torque limiting switches are not functional during manual operation. Mechanical torque-limiting devices are commonly used to prevent torque overload during manual operation. Both actuator signals and operation commands of the DCS are processed within the actuator controls. This task can in principle be assumed by external controls, e.g. a PLC. Modern actuators include integral controls which process signals locally without any delay. The controls also include the switchgear required to control the electric motor. This can either be reversing contactors or thyristors which, being an electric component, are not subject to mechanic wear. Controls use the switchgear to switch the electric motor on or off depending on the signals or commands present. Another task of the actuator controls is to provide the DCS with feedback signals, e.g. when reaching a valve end position. The supply cables of the motor and the signal cables for transmitting the commands to the actuator and sending feedback signals on the actuator status are connected to the electrical connection. The electrical connection can be designed as a separately sealed terminal bung or plug/socket connector. For maintenance purposes, the wiring should be easily disconnected and reconnected. Fieldbus technology is increasingly used for data transmission in process automation applications. Electric actuators can therefore be equipped with all common fieldbus interfaces used in process automation. Special connections are required for the connection of fieldbus data cables. After receiving an operation command, the actuator moves the valve in direction OPEN or CLOSE. When reaching the end position, an automatic switch-off procedure is started. Two fundamentally different switch-off mechanisms can be used. The controls switch off the actuator as soon as the set tripping point has been reached. This is called limit seating. However, there are valve types for which the closing element has to be moved in the end position at a defined force or a defined torque to ensure that the valve seals tightly. This is called torque seating. The controls are programmed as to ensure that the actuator is switched off when exceeding the set torque limit. The end position is signalled by a limit switch. The torque switching is not only used for torque seating in the end position, but it also serves as overload protection over the whole travel and protects the valve against excessive torque. If excessive torque acts upon the closing element in an intermediate position, e.g. due to a trapped object, the torque switching will trip when reaching the set tripping torque. In this situation the end position is not signalled by the limit switch. The controls can therefore distinguish between normal operation torque switch tripping in one of the end positions and switching off in an intermediate position due to excessive torque. Temperature sensors are required to protect the motor against overheating. For some applications by other manufacturers, the increase of the motor current is also monitored. Thermoswitches or PTC thermistors which are embedded in the motor windings mostly reliably fulfil this task. They trip when the temperature limit has been exceeded and the controls switch off the motor. Due to increasing decentralisation in automation technology and the introduction of micro processors, more and more functions have been transferred from the DCS to the field devices. The data volume to be transmitted was reduced accordingly, in particular by the introduction of fieldbus technology. Electric actuators whose functions have been considerably expanded are also affected by this development. The simplest example is the position control. Modern positioners are equipped with self-adaptation i.e. the positioning behaviour is monitored and continuously optimised via controller parameters. Meanwhile, electric actuators are equipped with fully-fledged process controllers (PID controllers). Especially for remote installations, e.g. the flow control to an elevated tank, the actuator can assume the tasks of a PLC which otherwise would have to be additionally installed. Modern actuators have extensive diagnostic functions which can help identify the cause of a failure. They also log the operating data. Study of the logged data allows the operation to be optimised by changing the parameters and the wear of both actuator and valve to be reduced. If a valve is used as a shut-off valve, then it will be either open or closed and intermediate positions are not held... Defined intermediate positions are approached for setting a static flow through a pipeline. The same running time limits as in open-close duty apply. The most distinctive feature of a closed-loop application is that changing conditions require frequent adjustment of the actuator, for example, to set a certain flow rate. Sensitive closed-loop applications require adjustments within intervals of a few seconds. The demands on the actuator are higher than in open-close or positioning duty. Actuator design must be able to withstand the high number of starts without any deterioration in control accuracy. Actuators are specified for the desired life and reliability for a given set of application service conditions. In addition to the static and dynamic load and response time required for the valve, the actuator must withstand the temperature range, corrosion environment and other conditions of a specific application. Valve actuator applications are often safety related, therefore the plant operators put high demands on the reliability of the devices. Failure of an actuator may cause accidents in process-controlled plants and toxic substances may leak into the environment. Process-control plants are often operated for several decades which justifies the higher demands put on the lifetime of the devices. For this reason, actuators are always designed in high enclosure protection. The manufacturers put a lot of work and knowledge into corrosion protection. The enclosure protection types are defined according to the IP codes of EN 60529. The basic versions of most electric actuators are designed to the second highest enclosure protection IP 67. This means they are protected against the ingress of dust and water during immersion (30 min at a max. head of water of 1 m). Most actuator manufacturers also supply devices to enclosure protection IP 68 which provides protection against submersion up to a max. head of water of 6 m. In Siberia, temperatures down to – 60 °C may occur, and in technical process plants + 100 °C may be exceeded. Using the proper lubricant is crucial for full operation under these conditions. Greases which may be used at room temperature can become too solid at low temperatures for the actuator to overcome the resistance within the device. At high temperatures, these greases can liquify and lose their lubricating",
"versions of most electric actuators are designed to the second highest enclosure protection IP 67. This means they are protected against the ingress of dust and water during immersion (30 min at a max. head of water of 1 m). Most actuator manufacturers also supply devices to enclosure protection IP 68 which provides protection against submersion up to a max. head of water of 6 m. In Siberia, temperatures down to – 60 °C may occur, and in technical process plants + 100 °C may be exceeded. Using the proper lubricant is crucial for full operation under these conditions. Greases which may be used at room temperature can become too solid at low temperatures for the actuator to overcome the resistance within the device. At high temperatures, these greases can liquify and lose their lubricating power. When sizing the actuator, the ambient temperature and the selection of the correct lubricant are of major importance. Actuators are used in applications where potentially explosive atmospheres may occur. This includes among others refineries, pipelines, oil and gas exploration or even mining. When a potentially explosive gas-air-mixture or gas-dust-mixture occurs, the actuator must not act as ignition source. Hot surfaces on the actuator as well as ignition sparks created by the actuator have to be avoided. This can be achieved by a flameproof enclosure, where the housing is designed to prevent ignition sparks from leaving the housing even if there is an explosion inside. Actuators designed for these applications, being explosion-proof devices, have to be qualified by a test authority (notified body). Explosion protection is not standardized worldwide. Within the European Union, ATEX 94/9/EC applies, in US, the NEC (approval by FM) or the CEC in Canada (approval by the CSA). Explosion-proof actuators have to meet the design requirements of these directives and regulations. Small electric actuators can be used in a wide variety of assembly, packaging and testing applications. Such actuators can be linear, rotary, or a combination of the two, and can be combined to perform work in three dimensions. Such actuators are often used to replace pneumatic cylinders. Valve actuator A valve actuator is the mechanism for opening and closing a valve. Manually operated valves require someone in attendance to adjust them using a direct or geared mechanism attached to the valve stem. Power-operated actuators, using gas pressure, hydraulic pressure or electricity, allow a valve to be adjusted remotely, or allow rapid operation of large valves. Power-operated valve actuators may be the final elements of an automatic control loop which automatically"
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"retrieved": [
"JNR Class DE10 The is a class of Japanese C-B wheel arrangement diesel-hydraulic locomotives. 708 locomotives were built between 1966 and 1978. , 138 locomotives remained in operation. 158 DE10-0 locomotives were built with steam heating boilers for passenger use. None of this subclass remains in use on JR, but several examples operate on private railways. DE10 1 is preserved at JR Shikoku's Tadotsu depot. 74 DE10-500 locomotives were built from 1968 with concrete ballast in place of the steam heating boilers for freight use. None of this subclass remains in use on JR, but several examples operate on private railways. One prototype locomotive, DE10 901, was built in 1967 as a heavy shunting locomotive with ballasting increasing the weight to 70 tonnes. This formed the basis for the Class DE11 design. 210 DE10-1000 locomotives were built from 1969 with steam heating boilers and uprated DML61ZB engines offering 1,350 hp. 265 DE10-1500 locomotives were built from 1969 with uprated DML61ZB engines and concrete ballast in place of the steam heating boilers for freight use. JR Freight shunting locomotives rebuilt in 2009 from former JR East Class DE15 snow-plough locomotives. The conversion histories and former identities of this sub-class are as follows. The DE10 classification for this locomotive type is explained below. JNR Class DE10 The is a class of Japanese C-B wheel arrangement diesel-hydraulic locomotives. 708 locomotives were built between 1966 and 1978. , 138 locomotives remained in operation. 158 DE10-0 locomotives were built with steam heating boilers for passenger use. None of this subclass remains in use on JR, but several examples operate on private railways. DE10 1 is preserved at JR Shikoku's Tadotsu depot. 74 DE10-500 locomotives were built from 1968 with concrete ballast in place of the steam heating boilers for freight use. None of this subclass"
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"retrieved": [
"Political Spring Political Spring (, \"Politiki Anixi\") was a Greek conservative political party founded in June 1993 by Antonis Samaras. The party was formed after Antonis Samaras broke away from the governing New Democracy party after being dismissed as Foreign Minister over his hardline stance on the Macedonia naming dispute. Political Spring gained 4.9% in the National Elections of 1993 earning ten seats in the Parliament. It gained 8.7% in the elections for the European Parliament in 1994 earning two seats. Its decline started in the National Elections of 1996, when it gained 2.94%, just below the national threshold of 3%, thus not being able to earn any seats in the Parliament. It participated in the elections for European Parliament in 1999, but it got 2.3% which was again below the threshold and considered a major failure leading to gradual dissolution of the party. Political Spring did not participate in the elections of 2000, but Antonis Samaras publicly supported the New Democracy party. Before the next general elections in April 2004, Samaras rejoined New Democracy and he was elected as an MEP in June 2004. Political Spring Political Spring (, \"Politiki Anixi\") was a Greek conservative political party founded in"
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"retrieved": [
"DePue, Illinois DePue is a village in Bureau County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,838 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Ottawa–Streator Micropolitan Statistical Area. DePue was originally called Trenton, and under the latter name was laid out in 1853. The present name is for an early French fur trader by the name of De Pue. DePue is located at (41.326112, -89.301184). According to the 2010 census, De Pue has a total area of , of which (or 91.36%) is land and (or 8.64%) is water. As of the 2010 census DePue had a population of 1,838. The people identified their race as being 41.7% non-Hispanic white, 0.4% non-Hispanic black, 0.6% Hispanic black, 0.8% Native American, 1.8% Asian and 26.0% from some other race. 54.7% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race, with 49.8% of the population saying they were Mexican by ethnicity. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,842 people, 658 households, and 452 families residing in the village. The population density was 679.4 people per square mile (262.4/km²). There were 721 housing units at an average density of 265.9 per square mile (102.7/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 42.36% White, 0.11% African American, 0.49% Native American, 2.06% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 11.51% from other races, and 3.37% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 45.77% of the population. There were 658 households out of which 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.4% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.2% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.42. In the village, the population was spread out with 29.0% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 18.5% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.6 males. The median income for a household in the village was $32,500, and the median income for a family was $36,985. Males had a median income of $26,094 versus $19,643 for females. The per capita income for the village was $15,273. About 12.3% of families and 13.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.5% of those under age 18 and 6.8% of those age 65 or over. The lake and adjacent park feature wildlife and recreation. The American Power Boat Association (APBA) and the DePue Men's Club (a social and volunteer organization) host a weekend of boat racing on Lake DePue. The event draws spectators from across the country and brings entertainment and food vendors to the lakeside park. Barack Obama visited when he was an Illinois legislator. In a January 16, 2011, news story featured in the online edition of the Peoria \"Journal Star\", Associated Press reporter Tammy Webber reported that the oxbow lake, surrounded by a Superfund site, is polluted by high levels of metals such as zinc, lead, arsenic, cadmium, and chromium because of smelting activity there for the automotive and appliance industries, chiefly by New Jersey Zinc and Mobil Chemical. The village is urging Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan to investigate whether the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, which has oversight over the case, is pushing the companies hard enough. This is important because the town alleges the companies and the IEPA have not done enough to combat the pollution, that has made the lake markedly shallower. This phenomenon could, unless rapidly remedied (perhaps by the temporary fix of dredging, which the IEPA cannot legally order in this case), soon interfere with the small municipality's efforts to keep its remaining revenue source for most supplemental projects, the competition. The manufacturing jobs have entirely disappeared. In the summer of 2012, as a result of both the summer's drought and Lake DePue's pollution, the APBA nearly cancelled its National Championship Races due to shallow water. In a display of community and hard work, DePue's citizens built a dam at the mouth of the lake and raised the water, by pumps and the lake's springs, to racing level in a matter of weeks. One school building hosts all three village schools, the elementary, the junior high, and DePue High School. There are wings where the different schools have classes. The name of the school district is DePue Unit Schools District #103. Extracurricular activities offered for the grade 6-12 students include sports and clubs. DePue Junior High School offers boys and girls basketball, girls volleyball, cheerleading, and track. For DePue High School, the school offers boys and girls basketball, soccer, girls volleyball, cheerleading, and track. Extracurricular activities for the junior high school include Art Club, Student Council, Spelling Bee, Video Game Club, and Chess Club. High school activities include Student Council, National Honor Society, and the Activity Club. Annual activities that many clubs sponsor include JH Movie Nights, HS Homecoming and dances, as well as many class trips throughout the year. DePue, Illinois DePue is a village in Bureau County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,838 at the 2010 census. It is part"
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"retrieved": [
"Angela Ardolino Angela Ardolino (born in Miami) is the founder of the Miami Children's Theater, former editorial director and founder of \"Tampa Bay Parenting Magazine\", CEO of CannaCure Florida, host of Canna Conference, and a parenting, family and lifestyle expert correspondent on WFTS-TV ABC \"Action News\", \"DayTime TV\", WFLA, and other media outlets. Ardolino grew up in Miami, Florida. Her mother worked for Informed Families, where she taught parenting and self-esteem courses to parents. Ardolino was also certified by Informed Families and taught her first class when she was 18, working with the children while her mother worked with the parents. She graduated from the University of Colorado at Boulder with a degree in Broadcast Television. In 1996, Ardolino founded the Miami Children's Theater (MCT), a performing arts production company founded to use the performing arts to instruct and inspire young actors and audiences. MCT teaches children ages 3–19 theater, magic, music, video production, the visual arts, creative writing, clowning and juggling. The organization was one of the first children's theaters in the Southeastern United States to stage the school edition of \"Les Misérables\". Miami-Dade County and the City of Miami both issued the theater proclamations, making April 27 \"Miami Childrens Theater Day\". In 2011, Lauren Nedelman, one of Ardolino's former students, joined the national tour of \"Fiddler on the Roof\". In 1996, she founded Creative Camps, a performing arts camp for children ages 5 to 12. It is the longest established summer theater camp in South Florida. In 2006, Ardolino moved to Tampa, Florida and founded \"Tampa Bay Parenting Magazine\", a family resource guide serving the area. As founder of the magazine, she contributes to media segments on radio and television networks including NBC, WTSP-TV CBS, Studio 10, and 10 Connect. In 2010, Ardolino began as a correspondent on WFTS-TV ABC \"Action News\" for Parents in Action, offering tips and news of family activities and events. Ardolino serves on the executive board of the Arts Council of Hillsborough County, the Glazer Children's Museum, and Voices for Children. She is also a member of Florida Fashionistas and Junior League of Tampa. In 2014, Ardolino began appearing on WFLA's \"8 On Your Side\" segment with Stacie Schaible. She currently organizes parenting experts and health and wellness experts to appear on the segment. Shortly after, she began appearing weekly on \"DayTime\", a morning television show that airs in over 150 markets across the U.S. Ardolino has spoken on panels for LGBTQ Parenting, including participating in a Q&A panel after the production of \"Birds of a Feather\" at Stageworks Theatre. She has also been a keynote speaker for Working Women of Tampa Bay, as well as various other networking events. Ardolino is also the founder and former organizer of two of the biggest Bay Area events. The Back to School Fair, which happens annually in August, features exhibitors, vendors, activities, entertainment, and give-aways to help get children in the Tampa Bay Area ready to go back to school. Summer Splash, which takes place annually in April, is the only event where parents can meet face-to-face with directors from area summer camps. In 2016, Ardolino noticed a growing need for medical cannabis that is safe enough to treat families and children. She partnered with Avid Growing Systems in launching CannaCure in the US, a company dedicated to cultivating and processing the purest medical cannabis products, with the lowest environmental impact. She also founded Canna Conference, which aims to educate medical professionals on all aspects of medical cannabis so that they feel comfortable when prescribing it. In 2017 Ardolino became the owner of \"Beautify the Beast\" a pet grooming, boarding and daycare facility in Central Florida. She has been caring and working with animals since childhood and currently operates a rescue for dogs and farm animals in Central Florida. She shares her expertise and knowledge about pets on her company blog and personal website. In 2018, while the government battled about growing hemp, Ardolino spent two years searching for ethical, safe hemp farmers in Colorado and Minnesota, where growing hemp was legal. She also spent that time finding trusted partners and building her team, including Ashok Patel, PhD, an essential oils expert, who been manufacturing plant-based products for several years, and Hernando Umana, a Broadway performer and CBD expert. In June 2018, with the passage of the Farm Bill, which legalized hemp farming in all 50 states, Ardolino was finally able to obtain safe, non-GMO hemp grown in the U.S. in Colorado and released CBD Dog Health products. Ardolino and her partners created the proprietary formulas for CBD Dog Health products using only all-natural ingredients, including essential oils. Ardolino's line of products include formulas for dogs, cats, and horses, but can be used for all mammals. In 2018, Ardolino also became a contributor to several national magazines, including Modern Dog Magazine, Animal Wellness, Vet Pet Magazine, The New Barker, Pet Age Magazine, Pet Business Magazine, and Pet Product News. Ardolino spends her spare time tending to Fire Flake Farm, which not only provides a safe habitat for neglected and abused animals, but has also been a supplier of organic vegetables, micro-greens and herbs for the past six years. Angela Ardolino Angela Ardolino (born in Miami) is the founder of the Miami Children's Theater, former editorial director and founder of \"Tampa Bay Parenting Magazine\", CEO of CannaCure Florida, host of Canna Conference, and a parenting, family"
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"Darius Kazemi Darius Kazemi (born July 27, 1983) is a computer programmer and artist. With Courtney Stanton, he is co-founder of technology collective Feel Train. Kazemi was born on born July 27, 1983. He attended Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology in Virginia, then college at Worcester Polytechnic Institute in Massachusetts. After college, Kazemi became a video game designer. In 2012, Kazemi began making bots on Twitter, drawing particular attention for work like his \"wordfilter\", a feature that enabled bots to avoid racial slurs. Kazemi is the author of \"Jagged Alliance 2\", a book describing the people and process behind the development of the video game \"Jagged Alliance 2\". Kazemi's text is the fifth in a series of books on video games published by Boss Fight Books. In 2015, Kazemi released a project called the \"Ethical Ad Blocker,\" which not only blocked ads, but also blocked all websites that contained ads, so that users would not take content for free from sites that rely on advertising dollars. Speaking to Vice's Motherboard, Kazemi explained the project, which made a huge number of websites inaccessible to those who'd enabled the Ethical Ad-Blocker was meant to dramatize the conflict traditional ad-blockers raise in allowing users to avoid ads but depriving websites of the revenue streams they rely on: \"I like the idea of codifying a moral high road and then showing people in practice that the moral high ground is not an attainable thing.\" In 2016, Kazemi released a Bernie Sanders video game, called Bubble Burst Bernie, developed with Rob Dubbin and artist Tim Luecke for \"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert\". At Feel Train, Kazemi and Stanton have developed the StayWokeBot in collaboration with activists DeRay Mckesson and Samuel Sinyangwe, as well as the Shortcut app with radio program \"This American Life\", which allows listeners to share audio clips on social media much like gifs facilitate sharing video clips. Feel Train has a forthcoming Twitter bot project called Relive 44 that, beginning in May 2017, will repost every tweet from President Barack Obama (President Obama posted his first message to Twitter in May 2009). Darius Kazemi Darius Kazemi (born July 27, 1983) is a computer programmer and artist. With Courtney Stanton, he is co-founder of technology collective Feel Train. Kazemi was born on born July 27, 1983. He attended Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology in Virginia, then"
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"Sugar Island (Ohio) Sugar Island of Ottawa County, Ohio, United States in southwestern Lake Erie. It is a private island and one of the smaller of the island group at 0.123 km² (30.39 acres). It lies just off the northwest shore of Middle Bass Island. It is located in Put-in-Bay Township, Ottawa County, Ohio. Sugar Island was once part of Middle Bass Island, connected by way of a short isthmus. As trees were lumbered from this strip of connecting land, Lake Erie began to reclaim the newly exposed, loose soil. Thus, the connecting isthmus sank into the lake, leaving Sugar Island separate from Middle Bass Island. Sugar Island (Ohio) Sugar Island of Ottawa County, Ohio, United States in southwestern Lake Erie. It is a private island and one of the smaller of the island group at 0.123 km² (30.39 acres). It lies just off the northwest shore of Middle Bass Island. It is located in Put-in-Bay Township, Ottawa County, Ohio. Sugar Island was once part of Middle Bass Island, connected by way of a short isthmus. As trees were lumbered from this strip of connecting land, Lake Erie began to reclaim the newly exposed, loose soil. Thus, the connecting isthmus"
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"retrieved": [
"Are We There Are We There is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter Sharon Van Etten, released on May 14, 2014. On the lack of a question mark in the title, Van Etten said: \"… open-ended, I ask myself that question all the time, for my work, for my love, even for my friends. It's just really good to check in with yourself and it's a play on words, about touring and about travelling, being in transition.\" At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has received an average score of 86, based on 36 reviews, indicating \"universal acclaim\". At \"Rolling Stone\", Will Hermes rated the album four stars out of five, remarking how Van Etten's \"darkness contains multitudes\" just as Nick Cave's does, and he states Van Etten's latest release is \"magnificent... which grows her trademark examinations of romantic decay to cathedral-like scale.\" Fred Thomas of AllMusic rated the album four stars out of five, indicating how Van Etten \"can deliver her songs with a powerful, borderless command.\" Due to its high rating of 86 on Metacritic, Are We There became the fifth most critically acclaimed album of 2014. In addition, the album has earned positions on several Year-End charts. The album was placed at number twenty on Rolling Stone's list of the \"50 Best Albums of 2014.\" Likewise, NME placed the album at number thirty-one on their list, while Q Magazine placed it at number seven. Jessica Goodman and Ryan Kistobak of \"The Huffington Post\" included the album on their list of 2014's best releases, calling the album \"earnest and tragic\". Are We There Are We There is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter Sharon Van Etten, released on May 14, 2014. On the lack of a"
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"Hollywood Party (1934 film) Hollywood Party, also known under its working title of \"Hollywood Revue of 1933\" and \"Star Spangled Banquet\", is a 1934 American Pre-Code musical film starring Laurel and Hardy, The Three Stooges, Jimmy Durante, Lupe Vélez and Mickey Mouse (voiced by an uncredited Walt Disney). It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The film has several disconnected sequences that have little relation with one another. Each sequence featured a different star with a separate scriptwriter and director assigned. Jungle movie star \"Schnarzan\" (Durante), a character in parody of \"Tarzan\", is advised by his manager he needs new lions for his pictures, as his old ones are \"worn out\". At a wild Hollywood party with many varied guests, including a \"lion provider\", hilarity ensues. After it all gets out of hand, Schnarzan awakens to find he is just plain old Durante, who had a strange dream. During production the film was known as \"Star Spangled Banquet\" and the \"Hollywood Revue of 1933\". Although \"Hollywood Party\" has no director credited, it has been asserted that Allan Dwan, Edmund Goulding, Russell Mack, Charles Reisner, Roy Rowland and Sam Wood directed various scenes with the overwhelming majority directed by Richard Boleslavsky. George Stevens directed the Laurel and Hardy sequence and Dave Gould directed the \"Feelin' High\" dance number with choreography by Georgie Hale. Seymour Felix and Eddie Prinz directed final reshoots. Around the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer backlot, the choreographers of the dance sequences were competing with those staging the MGM film \"Dancing Lady\", vying to see who could create the most elaborate dance number. The film had many sequences cut or reshot after several references proved too esoteric for foreign audiences. A sequence that had featured Thelma Todd (impersonating Mae West), Lupe Velez, Jimmy Durante and Zasu Pitts playing bridge was deleted after it was lost on British viewers not yet familiar with the game. Further episodes that featured actors Herman Bing, Johnny Weissmuller, Jackie Cooper and Max Baer were cut from the film. As a result, surviving prints run approximately 68 minutes, but the original run time was 75 minutes. Famed songwriters Rodgers and Hart contributed most of the music. Gus Kahn wrote \"Moonlight Serenade\" for the 1933 Busby Berkeley film \"Footlight Parade\". However, when that song was cut from the Warner Brothers picture, it was placed a year later in Hollywood Party and sung by Eddie Quillan. The film was neither a financial nor critical success. It was considered too avant garde to appeal to general audiences. It remains significant today for its 31 stars, including Laurel and Hardy, radio celebrity Jack Pearl, The Three Stooges (in their final appearance for MGM), and Mickey Mouse. The Three Stooges routine was written by Arthur Kober. The Mickey Mouse sequence introduces a Technicolor Silly Symphonies cartoon, \"The Hot Choc-late Soldiers\", created by Walt Disney with music by Nacio Herb Brown, and lyrics by Arthur Freed. Critical reception for \"Hollywood Party\" upon its original release was largely negative. Multiple exhibitors wrote in to the \"Motion Picture Herald\" to express their disgust with the film and one theater manager from Kentucky called it \"One of the poorest excuses for a picture we have ever played\". \"The New York Times\" wrote that it \"may have been very funny while it was being made, but as it comes to the screen it is not a little disappointing\". Hollywood Party (1934 film) Hollywood Party, also known under its working title of \"Hollywood Revue of 1933\" and \"Star Spangled Banquet\", is a 1934 American Pre-Code musical film starring Laurel and Hardy, The Three Stooges, Jimmy Durante, Lupe Vélez and Mickey Mouse"
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"Temple Houston (TV series) Temple Houston is a 1963–1964 NBC television series considered \"the first attempt ... to produce an hour-long western series with the main character being an attorney in the formal sense.\" \"Temple Houston\" was the only program which Jack Webb sold to a network during his ten months as the head of production at Warner Bros. Television. It was also the lone series in which actor Jeffrey Hunter played a regular part. The series' supporting cast features Jack Elam and Chubby Johnson. \"Temple Houston\" is based loosely on the career of the real-life circuit-riding lawyer Temple Lea Houston (1860–1905), son of the more famous Sam Houston. Little, however, binds all the episodes together under a common framework. The series variously cast the characters and situations in both an overtly humorous and a deadly serious light. Writer Francis M. Nevin asserts of the first episode entitled \"The Twisted Rope\", \"Clearly, the concept here is \"Perry Mason\" out West\", going so far as to note that Temple Houston's court opponent \"apes Hamilton Burger by accusing Houston of 'prolonging this trial with a lot of dramatic nonsense'\". Later episodes turned Houston into more of a detective than a lawyer. Over the course of the series, the bulk of the narrative sees Houston actually gathering evidence, rather than trying cases. In the end, the series largely eschewed criminal law in favor of overtly humorous plots, such as in the episode \"The Law and Big Annie\", in which Houston uses his legal expertise to help a friend decide what to do after he inherits an elephant. The producers tried to avoid any storylines that would embarrass the two surviving children of Temple Houston who were still living when the series aired. \"Temple Houston\" was rushed onto the 1963 schedule in only four weeks after a previously planned drama, \"The Robert Taylor Show\", based on case files of the former United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare, was abandoned with four unaired episodes. In addition, the \"Temple Houston\" pilot episode was unusable for the introduction to the new series because James Coburn, who played the secondary character, a gunslinger turned U.S. marshal, would not accept a role in a series. Coburn's character was hence assumed by Jack Elam as George Taggart. A leading character actor in film and television, Elam had just left the short-lived ABC/Warner Bros. western, \"The Dakotas\", which had replaced Clint Walker's long-running \"Cheyenne\" series early in 1963. On orders from Jack Webb, episodes were put together in two or three days each, something previously thought impossible in television production. Work began on August 7, 1963, with the initial airing set for September 19. Jimmy Lydon, a former child actor, adult actor, and producer who was at the time with WB, recalled that Webb told the staff: \"Fellas, I just sold \"Temple Houston\". We gotta be on the air in four weeks, we can't use the pilot, we have no scripts, no nothing - do it!\" Lydon recalled the team having worked around the clock to get \"Temple Houston\" on the air. Co-producer William Conrad directed six episodes, two scripts simultaneously on two different soundstages at WB. \"We bicycled Jeff (Hunter) and (Jack) Elam between the two companies, and Bill shot 'em both in four-and-a-half days. Two complete one-hour shows!\" said Lydon. In a 1965 interview, Hunter described the situation: Two \"Temple Houston\" directors, Robert Totten and Irving J. Moore, worked on \"Gunsmoke\" as well. Character actress Mary Wickes was cast in several episodes as Ida Goff, and Frank Ferguson, formerly Gus the ranch hand on \"My Friend Flicka\", played Judge Gurney. The unused pilot with Hunter cast as lawyer Timothy Higgins, was released in theaters in December 1963 as \"The Man from Galveston\". Hopeful of success in the series and being paid $5,000 per episode, Jeffrey Hunter, a native of New Orleans, Louisiana, described the historic figure that he played as \"one of the finest lawyers in the last part of the 19th century.\" Indeed, Temple Houston at the age of 20 was the youngest practicing lawyer in Texas. He was the county attorney in Brazoria County south of Houston, until he accepted appointment as the district attorney of the 35th Judicial District, which then encompassed 26 counties in the Texas Panhandle, based in the frontier community of Mobeetie in Wheeler County. As a member of the Texas State Senate from 1885 to 1889, Temple Houston became involved with a dispute with the legendary cattleman and rancher Charles Goodnight, sometimes called \"the father of the Texas Panhandle\". At issue was fencing of grasslands to accommodate large ranchers. Houston sided unsuccessfully with the smaller ranchers who wanted free grassland. One historian described the real Temple Houston as \"a flamboyant figure in his black frock coat and shoulder-length auburn hair topped off with a white Stetson. He liked to lace his arguments with literary allusions and could enthrall a courtroom or legislative chamber.\" Houston gave the dedication in 1888 for the new state capitol building in Austin, Texas. He subsequently worked for Oklahoma statehood, which came to fruition two years after his death. Houston lost races for Texas attorney general and territorial governor of Oklahoma. In the series, Houston located his clients by traveling with the circuit court and being available as needed. Jeffrey Hunter described the Temple Houston that he sought to emulate as having \"many sides to his character. He was a flamboyant orator; he was a bit of a dandy; he was tough; he was gentle; he was an excellent marksman,\" all features which gave the series greater latitude with a western format. Houston was also described as follows: He would ride, shoot, fight, drink, and love with the best of them and maybe better than most. The modesty that he displays in day-to-day life would disappear as soon as he enters a courtroom, becoming the flamboyant attorney famous throughout the American Southwest. Though Hunter was an optimistic person and a collegial colleague on the set, \"Temple Houston\" proved illusory for his long-term career prospects. Hunter thought that the series had found its voice beginning with the 12th episode, \"Enough Rope\", by having adopted the light-hearted approach of ABC's former \"Maverick\" western series. As Hunter explained the change in format, the series was \"conceived in humor and delivered in dead seriousness. Then, about halfway through the season, NBC decided to return to the tongue-in-cheek approach. By that time it was too late. The big joke around town was that the series was about a synagogue in Texas.\" In taking the \"Temple Houston\" role, Hunter was compelled by a scheduling conflict to bow out of John Ford's final western film, \"Cheyenne Autumn\". Hunter died in 1969 at the age of 42, having undergone unsuccessful brain surgery following a stroke that had been apparently triggered by a household fall. Oddly, the Hunter-Houston parallel prevailed in death too: Houston succumbed to a brain hemorrhage just three days after his 45th birthday. Jeffrey Hunter as Temple Lea Houston<br> Jack Elam as George Taggart<br> Frank Ferguson as Judge Gurney<br> Chubby Johnson as Concho<br> Mary Wickes as Ida Goff The earliest known conceptual documents for \"Temple Houston\" date back to 1957. It took about six years for a pilot to be filmed. That pilot, \"The Man From Galveston\", was filmed in March 1963, but was never broadcast on television. Instead, the 57-minute film was released theatrically late in 1963. The series used a different cast from the movie pilot. Jeffrey Hunter was the only cast member to star in both pilot and series, although his character was re-dubbed Timothy Higgins in the pilot when it was released as a theatrical film. The series was produced by Warner Bros. Television and Apollo Productions, a company co-owned by star Jeffrey Hunter, who had demanded to produce it in exchange for a film and",
"Ferguson as Judge Gurney<br> Chubby Johnson as Concho<br> Mary Wickes as Ida Goff The earliest known conceptual documents for \"Temple Houston\" date back to 1957. It took about six years for a pilot to be filmed. That pilot, \"The Man From Galveston\", was filmed in March 1963, but was never broadcast on television. Instead, the 57-minute film was released theatrically late in 1963. The series used a different cast from the movie pilot. Jeffrey Hunter was the only cast member to star in both pilot and series, although his character was re-dubbed Timothy Higgins in the pilot when it was released as a theatrical film. The series was produced by Warner Bros. Television and Apollo Productions, a company co-owned by star Jeffrey Hunter, who had demanded to produce it in exchange for a film and television commitment to Warner Bros. By December 1963, the series was rated 31st of the 32 new shows that season. NBC then ordered a switch back to more humorous stories. but the change merely allowed the series to continue to the end of the season. \"Temple Houston\" was pulled after one season of twenty-six episodes. Hunter later indicated that he thought the series failed because of an inability to establish a consistent tone. Because the show produced so few episodes, it had little presence on the domestic syndication market. However, it appears to have enjoyed limited international syndication. The series was shown in Japan in 1963, and on Australian regional television station GTS-4 in 1974. In the United Kingdom the program was shown on BBC One television between October 1964 and July 1965, inspiring one of the few pieces of memorabilia from the show—a 1965 British annual. Temple Houston (TV series) Temple Houston is a 1963–1964 NBC television series considered \"the first attempt ... to produce an hour-long western series with the main character being an attorney in the formal sense.\" \"Temple Houston\" was the only program which Jack Webb sold to"
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"Antlabs ANTlabs (ANTlabs Pte. Ltd.) is a network technology company based in Singapore. ANTlabs specializes in providing network access management solutions centered around Hospitality, Large Venue Networks, Telco and ISP. ANTlabs products are typically used in visitor-based networks such as those in hotels, telecommunications companies, Internet service providers, airports, campuses convention centers and stadiums. ANTlabs gateway products such as IG series, SSG (Service Selection Gateways), Tru’Auth and InnGate are well known for guest Internet access control, bandwidth management, and guest Internet monetization by enabling location-based network access control and centralized network policy management. ANTlabs has offices in Singapore, Malaysia, Dubai, and South Korea. ANTlabs products and solutions are for both large and small-scale settings, catering to the needs of Telcos/ISP infrastructures, hospitality industry and enterprise/visitor-based networks. ANTlabs’ years of research and development allowed the company to create products that focus on providing clear network technologies that are cost-effective and scalable. ANTlabs has multiple international patents approved through the years. ANTlabs was founded and established on October 15, 1999 by Ang Kwang Tat, Aw Peng Soon, John Sim, Rhandeev Singh, Teo Wee Tuck and Toh Young Koon in Singapore. ANTlabs initially provided guest Internet management solutions before branching into the telco hot spot space in 2001. In 2004, ANTlabs deployed to Europe, China, Middle East, Australia and Asia, and in January 2007, ANTlabs secured their first million dollar network services and maintenance contract for Changi Airport. They opened a branch in Johor Bahru, Malaysia in 2013 and the Dubai office in 2017. IG 4 is designed for the hospitality industry and corporate-guest networks. This gateway enables service providers to offer high-speed Internet access as a value-added service at hotels, airports, campuses and other properties. One of the best-known features of IG 4 is its 3-Stage Advanced QoS engine, which is an advanced traffic management feature that allows service providers to give tiered bandwidth allocation to users: Guaranteed, Premium and Basic. IG 3100 is a product released in 2013 to cater to smaller properties such as 100-150-room hotels. It is similar to the IG 4 but on a scaled down version. It only has two-tier QoS, unlike IG 4's. SG 4 is an Internet gateway built for large venues such as convention centres, exhibition spaces and shopping malls. SG 4 was launched in 2014 at the HITEC convention in Austin, Texas. SSG (Service Selection Gateway) enables Telcos/ISP (Internet Service Provider) infrastructures to provide wireless broadband hotspots to its subscribers. As of 2013, SSG is designed to concurrently support up to 20,000 active users and 2,000 locations per gateway. Tru’Auth enables service providers to deploy tiered and differentiated services across a combination of WiFi, 3G, LTE and broadband networks. This may be used in provisioning and billing. Tru’Auth natively supports many AAA protocol methods to meet specific requirements and it is pre-configured by default with many third party vendor-specific attributes. Its APIs also allow integration with OSS/BSS, external provisioning and other portal systems. Tru'Auth can be deployed in a single server setup which can support up to 1,000 RADIUS transactions per second. Scalability-wise, Tru’Auth can be deployed in a clustered environment to scale for higher performances. In 2015 Antlabs patched an exploit of an Rsync implementation failure that could be used to access customer computers. Antlabs ANTlabs (ANTlabs Pte. Ltd.) is a network technology company based in Singapore. ANTlabs specializes in providing network access management solutions centered around Hospitality, Large Venue Networks, Telco and ISP. ANTlabs products are typically used in visitor-based networks such as those in hotels, telecommunications companies, Internet service providers, airports, campuses convention centers and stadiums. ANTlabs gateway products such"
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"Gustav Rehberger Gustav Rehberger (1910–1995) was an Austrian-born American painter, draftsman, illustrator, designer, muralist, and art educator. The Rehberger family emigrated from Austria to Chicago in 1923. At age 14, Rehberger began studying at the Art Institute of Chicago on a scholarship that continued for three years. While still a teenager, he was also on scholarship at The Art Instruction Schools, Minneapolis. After declining two college scholarships, he worked as a graphic designer and illustrator to help support his family during the Depression. From 1929-1931, he was Art Director at Reuben H. Donnelly Corporation in Chicago, publishers of telephone directories. During World War II, the Wartime Committee of the Society of Typographic Artists commissioned Rehberger to paint two murals for the interior of Chicago's Union Station (1942). He moved to New York City in 1943 and soon enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Forces. While in the service, Rehberger was assigned to the Illustrations and Format Branch where he created visual training aids. After the war, Rehberger's illustrations appeared in the national advertising campaigns of Celanese Chemicals, Philip Morris and Sheraton Hotels; were featured in major newspaper and magazines such as Chicago Daily Tribune, The New York Times, and Esquire; and in various Christian publications. In order to focus on painting, in 1969 Rehberger ceased commercial work. From 1972-1993 he taught drawing, anatomy, and composition at the \"Art Students League of New York\". Emphasizing the importance of education, he said: . . .\"worthwhile art is never achieved by mere accident.\" Described as a \"volcanic expressionist\" and a painter of \"chromatic fury\", Gustav Rehberger worked in oil, gouache, pencil and pen to create artwork where \"every stroke was charged with a continuous flow of activity; whirling, driving--a blaze of tempests, turbulence, exciting commotion when one would expect the subject to leap off the paper or canvas.\" He also became interested in performance art. Evolving out of his classroom drawing demonstrations, Rehberger's performances - the act of painting and drawing before a live audience - soon moved to formal performance spaces that were accompanied by recorded music. Throughout his career, Rehberger participated in numerous group shows and was the recipient of many awards and prizes. He also had a number of solo exhibitions, among them shows at the \"Art Institute of Chicago\" and the \"Society of Illustrators\" in New York. Gustav Rehberger died in New York City on July 22, 1995. Gustav Rehberger Fine Art Gustav Rehberger is represented by Trigg Ison Fine Art, West Hollywood, California. Gustav Rehberger Gustav Rehberger (1910–1995) was an Austrian-born American painter, draftsman, illustrator, designer, muralist, and art educator. The Rehberger family emigrated from Austria to Chicago in 1923. At age 14, Rehberger began studying at the Art Institute of Chicago on a scholarship that continued for three years. While still a teenager, he was also on scholarship at The Art Instruction Schools, Minneapolis. After declining two college scholarships, he worked as a graphic designer and illustrator to help support his family during the Depression. From 1929-1931,"
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"Neelamperoor Palli Bhagavathi Temple Neelamperoor Pally Bhagavathi Temple has a history of about 1700 years and it is one of the few relics of the Buddhist culture in Kerala, India. It is about 3 km west of Kurichy out post in Kottayam-Changanacherry Main Central Road. The principal deity of the temple is Goddess Vanadurga (Durga or Kali). On the southeast corner behind the sanctum sanctorum is an image of the snake god. Outside the main temple are the temples of lords Ganapathi, Siva, dharmasasta, Maha Vishnu and Rakshasas. The priest belongs to Kollapally Madom in Neelamperoor. On special occasion the chief priest from the family Kannampally at Ayamkudy comes. Every day poojas are performed. The Maharaja of Travancore sponsored the first pooja of every day, but his sponsorship stopped with the decay of monarchy. Pudding is the main offering to propitiate the deity; its preparation differs from what it is done in other temples. The water for this purpose is taken from the unripe coconut. Neelamperoor Pally Bhagavathi Temple was built at a time (between AD 250 and 300) when Buddhism was at heyday of its prosperity. It is said that Bana Varma, otherwise known as Cheraman Perumal, who was the sole emperor of Kerala, had become a Buddhist monk and spent his last days at Neelamperoor. While he was the ruler of Kerala, Hindus accused him of having favoured Buddhism; they even refused to co-operate with him. As matters came to a head, he agreed to conduct a debate about Hinduism and Buddhism. If Buddhists won the debate Hindus had to accept Buddhism. If they failed, the king agreed to abdicate the throne. Accordingly scholars of both religions participated in the contest. Hindus arranged six eminent scholars from south India to argue their case. The Buddhists lost the case. Thereupon Cheraman Perumal abdicated the throne and left the palace as a Buddhist monk. Thus he came to Neelamperoor and built a Buddha Vihara. As years passed Buddhism lost its power and prestige in Kerala. It was at this period of Hindu renaissance that this Devikathyayini temple was constructed. Even before the arrival of Cheraman Perumal a temple was here dedicated to lord Siva. It was owned by ten Brahmin families known as Pathillathil pottimar. Neelakanta is another name for Siva and hence the place came to be called Neelamperoor. Dissatisfied with the arrival of perumal, the Brahmins with the idol of Siva migrated to Vazhappally in Changanacherry. It is said that perumal had consecrated the image of Perinjanathu Bhagavathi in perinjanam Thrissur. The temple has two festivals: the ten-day festival in the solar month Meenam with its ninth day falling on pooram and the Pooram Padayani which starts from the day next to Thiruvonam in Chingam (the first solar month of the Keralite calendar) and lasts till pooram, the birth day of the deity. The Pooram Padayani festival of this temple is a rare and unparalleled because it represents a synthesis of the Buddhist and Hindu cultures. It is strikingly similar to the Buddhist festival seen by Fahiyan, the Chinese traveler in Padaliputra (Patna in Bihar). It also resembles the ceremonies held in Sreemoolavarom which was once a Buddhist centre in Kerala. The Pooram Padayani is characterised by the display of exquisitely decorated effigies, \"Kettukazcha\", of swans, Bhima, Ravana, Yakshi, elephant, etc. These are offerings in gratitude by devotees for the fulfillment of their desires. Making of these effigies need consummate craftsmanship. About one lac rupees is needed for the construction of the big swan. The cost of conducting a padayni is shooting up year by year and the organisers are facing huge problems in mobilising the required funds. Donations made by the local people and organisations are the main source of receipts for meeting the expenditure. Padayani is a symbolic victory march of Goddess Kali after vanquishing Darika. Padayani begins at 10 p.m on the avittam day with prayers. Flames are received from the priest. With this flames devotees set fire to the bundles of coconut leaves. With these bundles in hand they move to the monument of Cheraman Perumal at the western side. After receiving his symbolic sanction, they start padayani. This continues for the first four days. The next four days are characterised by Kudapadayani which consists of floral decorations on umbrella-shapes made from the stems of coconut leaves. From the eighth day to twelfth effigies made out of green leaves of jackfruit trees are offered. The effigies displayed for the twelfth day are made of the fibrous stem of plantains or slender leaves of coconut stems. The last two days are characterised by the display of swans (Annams) which are made of plantain stems and slender leaves of coconut trees with floral decorations. The highlight of the days is of course the offering of the big swan to propitiate the deity. On the final day a smith breaks a coconut and turns it round. On the basis of this he makes some predictions. The temple closes at 10 p.m. and then starts what is known as \"Kudampooja\". The padayani is characterised by Thothakali, a rhythmic dance in accordance with songs from the folklore and the beating of drums. Devotees arrange themselves round the big fire at the centre twirling small clothes in an artistic pattern and dance. Spectators from different parts of the country throng to the place to see this rare artistic form. The most spectacular of all is the display of the \"Big Swan\" which is about 45 feet high. Other swans and fully decorated effigies enhance the beauty of the seen. When the padayani is over, people disperse. The gurusi offered by a specially chosen devotee who has undergone austerities for several days with penance and meditation. The Pooram Padayani at Bhagavathy temple is quite a fascinating festival which has been attracted by research scholars from different parts of the country. Neelamperoor Palli Bhagavathi Temple Neelamperoor Pally Bhagavathi Temple has a history of about 1700 years and it is one of the"
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"Gaylord Harnwell Gaylord Probasco Harnwell CBE (September 29, 1903 – April 18, 1982), was an American educator and physicist, who was president of the University of Pennsylvania from 1953 to 1970. He also held a great number of positions in a wide variety of national political and educational boards and committees, as well as senior positions in both the Office of the Governor of Pennsylvania and the United States Navy. In the later part of his life he also toured both the Soviet Union and Iran as a promoter of higher education. Harnwell was born in Evanston, Illinois to Chicago born lawyer Frederick William and Anna Jane Wilcox Harnwell. After attending Evanston Township High School and Haverford College in Haverford, Pennsylvania in 1924, Harnwell attended both Cambridge University and then Princeton University, gaining an M.A. and Ph.D. in physics in 1926 and 1927 respectively. From 1927 until 1928 Harnwell taught physics at the California Institute of Technology and then from 1928 to 1938 he taught at Princeton, becoming associate professor by 1936. Then in 1938 Harnwell took over the physics department at the University of Pennsylvania. After the outbreak of the Second World War, Harnwell was given a leave of absence to serve as director of the University of California Division of War Research for the U.S. Navy Radio and Sound Laboratory in San Diego, California from 1942 until 1946, earning the Medal for Merit the following year. Harnwell returned to the university's physics department until 1953 when he was elected as the university’s president, a position he held until 1970. During his term he oversaw rapid expansion of the university during a period that is cited as \"a new milestone in the history of the development of the University.\" During his time as president, Harnwell also served in a number of positions within the United States Navy, including chairman of the Ordnance Committee of the Research and Development Board of the Department of Defense and chairman of the Committee on Undersea Warfare of the National Research Council. He was also a member of the Advisory Panel on Ordnance, Transport and Supply of the Department of Defense, Advisory Board of the U. S. Navy Ordnance Laboratory, Science Information Council of the National Science Foundation and congressional Subcommittee on Military Applications of Atomic Energy. In 1958 Harnwell was awarded the Navy Distinguished Public Service Award. Harnwell also toured educational facilities in the Soviet Union and Iran in 1958 and then 1960 and 1961, discussing the proposal to found an American-style university in Shiraz. These tours gave Harnwell material for a number of published works, and fostered relationships between University of Pennsylvania and Pahlavi University in Iran. From 1958 until 1970 he was also a member of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company board, and in 1971 became president of the Penn Central Company. He also held a number of other influential positions, including Public Governor of the New York Stock Exchange, director of the Chamber of Commerce of Greater Philadelphia, First Pennsylvania Banking and Trust Company, Philadelphia CARE Committee, Rore-Amchem, Inc., the United Fund of the Philadelphia Area, the Food Distribution Center Corporation, the National Society of Scabbard and Blade, and the Institute for Educational Management in Boston. Harnwell was also involved in the office of the state governor, as chairman of the Council of Science and Technology, Committee on Tax Administration, Tax Study and Revision Commission and Commonwealth Priorities Commission at various times in the last decade of his time as president of the University of Pennsylvania. His influence in the university and governors office continued after his retirement, until his death in April, 1982. Harnwell received over 34 honorary degrees, as well as the title of Commander of the National Order of the Ivory Coast, Honorary Commander of the Order of the British Empire and Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In May 1965 he became the 42nd recipient of the Philadelphia Award, and the University of Pennsylvania contains a Harnwell College House named in his honor. In honor of Harnwell's support of and dedication to The Penn Glee Club both during and after his time at Penn, on May 15, 1970 he was awarded the prestigious University of Pennsylvania Glee Club Award of Merit. Beginning in 1964, this award \"established to bring a declaration of appreciation to an individual each year that has made a significant contribution to the world of music and helped to create a climate in which our talents may find valid expression.\" In addition, Harnwell was supportive of Penn's chapter of Alpha Phi Omega, a national service fraternity. The chapter inducted him as an honorary Brother in 1955. A member of several academic institutions, including the American Physical Society, the Acoustical Society, the American Philosophical Society, the Newcomen Society of North America, and the National Education Association, many of which he was chairman, Harnwell published a number of works during his life. Gaylord Harnwell Gaylord Probasco Harnwell CBE (September 29, 1903 – April 18, 1982), was an American educator and physicist, who was president of the University of Pennsylvania from 1953 to 1970. He also held a great number of positions in a wide variety of national political and educational boards and committees, as well as senior positions in both the Office of the Governor of Pennsylvania and the United States Navy. In the later part of his life he also toured both the"
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"Edward Coke Crow Edward Coke Crow (December 19, 1861 – May 9, 1945) was a United States Democratic Attorney General from the state of Missouri. He was born in Oregon, Holt County, Missouri, United States on 19 Dec 1861 and was the sixth of seven children born to Elizabeth Hopkins Barnes and George Washington Crow. Crow attended Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri and served as an attorney for Anheuser-Busch before serving as the 23rd Attorney General of Missouri from 1897 to 1905. He represented Jasper County, Missouri. Crow was also a friend and advisor to Missouri Governor Lloyd Crow Stark, who served from 1937 to 1941. He was a member of the Carthage Light Guard in Carthage, Missouri. It was a very highly esteemed group and was the pride of Carthage, Jasper county, Missouri. It later became the 2nd Missouri Militia. A photo of the Light Guard was published in 1881 in the Carthage Press. Edward was married first to Mary Eichelberger, c. 1879. This marriage was later annulled. Crow later married Gustavia \"Gussie\" Hanna on 14 September 1890 at Marshall, Missouri. They had ten children. Edward Coke Crow died in Los Alamitos, California. One of Edward Coke Crow's and Gussie Hanna Crow's children was Margaret Elizabeth Crow. Margaret Crow was born in Jasper County, Missouri. She later Married Edward Preble Shaw on 11/08/1913 in St Louis Missouri, they later moved to Los Angeles, California in October 1916. After moving to Los Angeles, Margaret Elizabeth Crow and Edward Preble Shaw had 2 children. Their first child was named Edward Preble Shaw, Jr. who was born 07/17/1918. Their second child was Margaret Elizabeth Shaw, born 10/26/1920. While living in Los Angeles Margaret and Edward gave birth to Margaret Elizabeth Sis Shaw, who was born in Hollywood, Los Angeles on October 26, 1920. On January 27, 1939 Elizabeth Sis Shaw married in Yuma, Arizona, Hardesty James Mcallister, son of Reed Hardesty Mcallister (1891-1961) who founded Mcallister Cadillac in 1922 with James W. Cox, but lived in Whittier California for most of their marriage. While living in Whittier Margaret and Hardesty Mcallister gave birth to Neil Hardesty Mcallister on February 12, 1944 and Reed Edward Mcallister on September 4, 1949. Reed Sr., Elizabeth, Hardesty, Neil and Reed Mcallister successfully operated Mcallister Cadillac for over 70 years and was one of the longest family owned automobile dealership in the nation. The McAllisters sold the dealership to Ara Sevacherian in 1994. It closed in 2009. Neil Hardesty McAllister had two children Michael Reed McAllister, born Dec 1969 and Douglas Neil McAllister born Nov. 1972. Michael McAllister, growing up in Virginia with Neil's ex-wife Diana \"Cox\" McAllister, now remarried in Virginia. Michael is in the banking industry, having roles ranging from CFO to CEO of multiple public banking institutions, Virginia Community Bank (OTCMKTS:FVCB), Virginia Company Bank (NASDQ:EVBS) as well as previously working for GMAC and McAllister Cadillac, Inc. before its sale. Michael R McAllister is Married to his high school sweetheart Ellen \"Lane\" McAllister, and lives in Virginia with their two children Reed McAllister and John McAllister. Douglas McAllister is CEO of a global automotive financial technology company partnered since 2013 with Fidelity National Information Systems (NYSE: FIS), which is headquartered in Jacksonville, FL. Douglas still spends much of his time in Newport Beach, CA. Douglas N McAllister never married and has no children. Neil's younger brother, Reed Edward Mcallister then went on to marry Ruthann Rounds on May 17, 1975 in Los Angeles, California. Reed and Ruthann Mcallister then went on to have 2 children, Chrystina Ann Mcallister born January 29, 1978 and Mathew Reed Mcallister born August 17, 1980. Edward Coke Crow Edward Coke Crow (December 19, 1861 – May 9, 1945) was a United States Democratic Attorney General from the state of Missouri. He was born in Oregon, Holt County, Missouri, United States on 19 Dec 1861 and was the sixth of seven children born to Elizabeth Hopkins Barnes and George Washington Crow. Crow attended Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri and served as an attorney for Anheuser-Busch before serving as the 23rd Attorney General of Missouri from 1897 to 1905. He represented Jasper County, Missouri. Crow was also a friend and"
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"Neer Shah Neer Bikram Shah, also known as Nir Shah, is a Nepalese movie actor, a poet, lyricist, movie director, and businessman. He is related to the Royal family of Nepal. Neer Shah is the producer or co-producer of many Nepali movies. He has also directed several Nepali movies produced by himself, including \"Basudev\", \"Pachchis Basanta\", \"Basanti\", and a Nepal Bhasa movie Rajamati. He is also a co-producer of the Oscar nominated film \"Himalaya - l'enfance d'un chef\", which was co-produced and directed by the French movie maker Eric Valli. The film, also released as \"Caravan\" (in Canada) and \"Himalaya\" (in Denmark and France), was the first film from Nepal to win an Oscar nomination. Neer Shah has also played antagonistic as well as other character roles in the movies such as \"Prem Pinda\" and \"Balidan\". He has also appeared in a few Bollywood movies as a guest artist. Shah has also penned down many Nepali and Nepal Bhasa songs. He has also done the scriptwriting for a few of his films. In 2001, he served on the jury of Film South Asia '01, the festival of South Asian documentaries, along with Firdous Azim and Shyam Benegal. Neer Shah was first head and founder of Nepal Television (NTV), the first TV station in Nepal and is the chairman of Shangri-La TV (STV), a film production and microwave TV distribution company. STV produced many programmes for NTV and also provided the cable television network in Kathmandu valley. Shah holds 33 per cent equity in a United Kingdom-based firm, Galaxy, which is involved in telecasting Nepalese TV channels overseas. Along with Nirmal Nicholas Paul, he set up a production company called \"888 Films\", that produces Nepalese and Hindi films. Another of his companies, National Studio, provides training in various fields of cinema production. He is also one of the proprietors of the New Century Pictures Pvt.Ltd., a film production company. Shah also serves on the Governing Council of College of Journalism and Mass Communication in Nepal. In 2002, he was felicitated by the Minister for Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation in recognition of his contribution in the \"promotion of Nepalese art and culture and tourism industry\". He currently lives in London. One of his two brothers, \"Kumar\" Khadga Bikram Shah, was married to one of three former King Gyanendra Shah's sisters, Princess Sharada Shah. Both his brother and sister-in-law were killed in the infamous Royal Massacre of 2001. His other brother is Lalit Bikram Shah. Neer Shah and many other Nepali actors joined the CPN terming the latter party is the most nationalist and their policies were in promoting Nepali film industry. Neer Shah Neer Bikram Shah, also known as Nir Shah, is a Nepalese movie actor, a poet, lyricist, movie director, and businessman. He is related to the Royal family of Nepal. Neer Shah is the producer or co-producer of many Nepali movies. He has also directed several Nepali movies produced by himself, including \"Basudev\", \"Pachchis Basanta\", \"Basanti\", and a Nepal"
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"Dione Nunataks The Dione Nunataks () are rock exposures at the head of Saturn Glacier, west of Deimos Ridge in the southeastern part of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The nunataks appear to have been first seen from the air by Lincoln Ellsworth on November 23, 1935, and roughly mapped from photos obtained on that flight by W.L.G. Joerg. They were remapped from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947–48, by D. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960, and were named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee from association with Saturn Glacier, Dione being one of the satellites of the planet Saturn. Dione Nunataks The Dione Nunataks () are rock exposures at the head of Saturn Glacier, west of Deimos Ridge in the southeastern part of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The nunataks appear to have been first seen from the air by Lincoln Ellsworth on November 23, 1935, and roughly mapped from photos obtained on that flight by W.L.G. Joerg. They were remapped from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947–48, by D. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960, and were named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee from association with"
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"Indian cricket team in the West Indies in 1988–89 The India national cricket team toured the West Indies during the 1988–89 cricket season. India played four Test matches and five One Day International matches between 2 March and 3 May 1989, against the West Indian cricket team, with the West Indies winning the Test series 3–0 and ODI series 5–0. The Indian squad for left for the West Indies on 26 February 1989. The side entered Caribbean on the back of a decent record barring the 1961–62 tour when they lost the series 5–0. In the 24 Tests played till then, India had won 2, lost 10 and drawn 12. The India team entered the game on the back of a 3–0 ODI series loss against the West Indies senior team, which ended on 11 March. Players who featured in the said matches and the first-class match against West Indies Board President's XI — Dilip Vengsarkar, Kapil Dev, Mohammad Azharuddin, Kiran More — and two others, Ravi Shastri and Chetan Sharma, were rested. The side was captained by Krishnamachari Srikkanth. The West Indies Under-23s included Kenny Benjamin, who played for the senior team. Carl Hooper, another regular in both teams, was rested for the game. The Under-23s side was captained by Brian Lara, then 19. Batting first after winning the toss, the Indians declared after making 411/6. Navjot Singh Sidhu and Sanjay Manjrekar put on 171 runs for the third wicket with both scoring centuries. The West Indies Under-23s were all out at 405, with Lara top-scoring for the side with 182, coming off 237 balls. His century came in 177 balls and included 12 fours. For the Indians, Narendra Hirwani (5/150) returned with best figures. Indian cricket team in the West Indies in 1988–89 The India national cricket team"
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"A J Institute of Medical Science AJ Institute of Medical Sciences is a medical college in Mangalore with an annual intake of 150 students. The college is an offshoot of A J Hospital and Research centre. The college is promoted by industrialist A.J. Shetty. The college was established on 21 October 2002. This college is situated at Kuntikana junction on NH-17. The medical college is currently affiliated with RGUHS and recognized by the Medical Council of India. The first batch passed out of final MBBS in February 2007 and completed internship on 2008. The college has post-graduate courses including M.D. and M.S. degrees in various departments like Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Pharmacology, Pathology, Microbiology, Community Medicine, ENT, Ophthalmology, Dermatology, PTCD, Anaesthesiology, Radiology, General Medicine, General Surgery, Paediatrics, and Obstetrics & Gynecology. Prashanth Shetty is the Director of AJIMS. A J Institute of Medical Science is equipped with campus management software for automation of workflow processes and has thus enhanced communication and user experience for the students, faculty and parents as well. A J Institute of Medical Science AJ Institute of Medical Sciences is a medical college in Mangalore with an annual intake of 150 students. The college"
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"Coverage (telecommunication) In telecommunications, the coverage of a radio station is the geographic area where the station can communicate. Broadcasters and telecommunications companies frequently produce coverage maps to indicate to users the station's intended service area. Coverage depends on several factors, such as orography (i.e. mountains) and buildings, technology, radio frequency and perhaps most importantly for two-way telecommunications the sensitivity and transmit efficiency of the consumer equipment. Some frequencies provide better regional coverage, while other frequencies penetrate better through obstacles, such as buildings in cities. The ability of a mobile phone to connect to a base station depends on the strength of the signal. That may be boosted by higher power transmissions, better antennas, taller antenna masts or alternative solutions like in-building picocells. Normal Macro-Cell signals need to be boosted to pass through buildings, which is a particular problem designing networks for large metropolitan areas with modern skyscrapers, hence the current drive for small cells and micro and pico cells. Signals also do not travel deep underground, so specialized transmission solutions are used to deliver mobile phone coverage into areas such as underground parking garages and subway trains. A coverage noticer is a device that beeps (or vibrates) when in a zone that lacks coverage (white spot). This is fundamental for critical services (security, emergency and so on). When the user goes to a covered area, the noticer ceases beeping. Similarly coverage maps are often used to visualize coverage, these are produced by networks themselves as well as independent companies. Coverage noticers can be integrated in a mobile phone also and several apps exist to show coverage maps on devices, including 'Coverage?', OpenSignal, and Sensorly. Coverage (telecommunication) In telecommunications, the coverage of a radio station is the geographic area where the station can communicate. Broadcasters and telecommunications companies frequently produce"
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"Every Road Leads Back to You Every Road Leads Back to You is a live album and concert video by country pop singer Juice Newton. It was released as both a DVD and two-disc CD by Image Entertainment in 2002. The concert consists of Newton and her band performing many of her hits along with new songs. As a bonus four new studio recordings are included on the second disc of the CD release. The DVD contains these songs as audio-only tracks and also includes some interviews with Newton and her band members. Juice Newton began her recording career in 1975 but did not achieve major stardom until the release of her 1981 album \"Juice\". The album was a crossover success and yielded three hit singles, \"Angel of the Morning\", \"Queen of Hearts\", and \"The Sweetest Thing (I've Ever Known)\". The last of these peaked at number one on the Billboard Country Chart. She followed \"Juice\" with \"Quiet Lies\" (1982), an album that brought her two more hits, \"Love's Been a Little Bit Hard on Me\" and \"Break It to Me Gently\", of which the latter earned her the Grammy Award for Best Country Vocal Performance, Female. Newton's 1985 album \"Old Flame\" was her country breakthrough, spawning three number one hits \"You Make Me Want to Make You Mine\", \"Hurt\", and the duet with Eddie Rabbitt \"Both to Each Other (Friends & Lovers)\" and also three additional Top Ten hits: \"Old Flame\", \"Cheap Love\", and \"What Can I Do with My Heart\". After two more albums (\"Emotion\" and \"Ain't Gonna Cry\") Newton concentrated more on concert performing. Newton returned to recording in 1997 with \"The Trouble With Angels\", an album made up largely of re-recordings of her earlier hits. She followed two years later with \"American Girl\", which consisted of new material. Of the latter music critic Charlotte Dillon stated \"Newton's husky voice puts an original touch to each tune, sure to please both new and old fans. An album worth having.\" The concert that appears in \"Every Road Leads Back to You\" was performed at the Key Club on the Sunset Strip in Los Angeles, California, on September 10, 2001 (one day before terrorist attacks in New York City). During the concert Newton and her band performed 21 song with five included in two medleys. Five songs originated from her \"Juice\" album (\"Shot Full of Love\", \"Ride 'em Cowboy\", \"The Sweetest Thing (I've Ever Known)\", \"Angel of the Morning\", and \"Queen of Hearts\") while three were taken from \"Quiet Lies\" (\"Love's Been a Little Hard On Me\", \"Break It To Me Gently\" and \"Love Sail Away\"). From the \"Old Flame\" album came four songs (\"This Old Flame\", \"You Make Me Want To Make You Mine\", \"Cheap Love\", and \"Hurt\"). Two songs were taken from \"The Trouble With Angels\" (the title track and \"Red Blooded American Girl\") while another two derived from \"American Girl\" (\"Night Time Without You\" and \"They Never Made It To Memphis\"). The concert also presented four new songs previously unrecorded by Newton. \"Your Heart Is Showing\" was presented as the opening number while the title track, \"Every Road Leads Back to You\", and \"Love Is Still Alive and Well\" were presented in the concert and also as a bonus studio tracks. The concert's closing track \"It's Late\" was performed as an a cappella encore. The DVD of \"Every Road Leads Back to You\" was released by Image Entertainment in 2002. The concert is presented in 18 tracks with the first listed as \"Opening\" and the last as \"End Credits\". The 16 tracks in between form the body of the concert. The bonus material included in the DVD consists of four interview segments (\"Growing Up\", \"On the Road\", \"Song Writing\", and \"Influences and Excitement\") and four audio only studio tracks (\"Love Is Still Alive and Well\", \"If I Could I Would\", \"Every Road Leads Back To You\", and \"Your Heart Is Showing\"). \"Love Is Still Alive and Well\" is also presented in video form as a concert outtake. In his review of the CD release of the album music critic Gregory McIntosh stated: However the reviewer for DVDnet was more positive about the album and DVD by stating: Every Road Leads Back to You Every Road Leads Back to You is a live album and concert video by country pop singer Juice Newton. It was released as both a DVD and two-disc CD by Image Entertainment in 2002. The concert consists of Newton and her band performing many of her hits along with new songs. As a bonus four new studio recordings are included on the second disc of the CD release. The DVD contains these songs as audio-only tracks and also includes some interviews with Newton and her band members. Juice Newton began her recording career"
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"The Silesian Weavers The poem \"The Silesian Weavers\" (also: Weaver-song) by Heinrich Heine is exemplary of the political poetry of the Vormärz movement. It is about the misery of the Silesian weavers, who in 1844 ventured an uprising against exploitation and wage decreases, and thereby drew attention to the grievances originated in the context of industrialization. The so-called weaver song was first published under the title 'Die armen Weber' (The poor weavers) on July 10, 1844 in Karl Marx's Vorwärts! (Forward!) newspaper, and distributed as a leaflet with a circulation of 50,000 copies in the rebel areas. No later than 1846 it appeared in pamphlets under the current name 'The Silesian Weavers'. The Royal Prussian Supreme Court banned the poem because of \"its rebellious tone\". In Berlin in 1846 a reciter, despite the risk of publicly performing it, was sentenced to prison. Unlike many poems at the time, the so-called weaver-song complains not only about exploitation by the factory owners, but also tackles the authorities, criticizing general political circumstances and pushing for change. The first verse says, \"Germany, we weave your burial shroud. Into it we weave the three-fold curse.\" The three-fold curse is clarified in the next three verses which curse, in turn, God, King, and the Fatherland – a direct reference to the loyalty oath required of Prussian soldiers who swore allegiance to God, King, and the Fatherland. In the three inner verses God, the King and the Fatherland are accused successively. The weavers are very disappointed that despite desperate pleas, they have received no assistance from God. The King is accused of supporting the rich and taking action against protesters by brute force, instead of addressing the suffering of the workers. In the outer verses it is clear that the weavers are ready, self-confident in promoting their interests, and persistent in working towards a fundamental change in Germany. Each verse ends with the refrain \"Wir weben, wir weben!\" (We are weaving, we are weaving!) referring back to the first verse which says they're weaving Germany's burial shroud. The poem shows that Heinrich Heine considers the concerns of the 19th century workers to be justified, and most of all holds the political system responsible for their misery. The March Revolution of 1848 confirmed his view that a profound change in Germany was imminent. The Silesian Weavers is the best known example of the variety of contemporary literary analysis of the Weavers' Revolt of 1844, which aroused public awareness of the social question. The German metalcore band Heaven Shall Burn was inspired by this poem, in the title of their album \"Deaf to our prayers\". The poem 'The Silesian Weavers' was also set to music by some music artists, including folk band Liederjan on their album \"Mädchen, Meister, Mönche\" (Girls, Masters, Monks), the folk band Bergfolk, folk punk band Die Schnitter (The Reapers), the gothic metal band Leichenwetter (Corpseweather), the German punk band Kapitulation B.o.N.n. on the album \"Feuer!\" (Fire!) And the Oi-punk band KandesBunzler and Düsseldorf DIY punk rock band Die Schwarzen Schafe (The Black Sheep). In the Liederjan setting, it is now one of the most common and most frequently sung songs in Scout and Bündische Jugend youth groups. As part of \"The Revolution of the Citizens\", the second stage of the socio-historical work Proletenpassion (Proletarian Passion) by the Austrian band Schmetterlinge, a slightly altered version of the poem was set to music. The Silesian Weavers The poem \"The Silesian Weavers\" (also: Weaver-song) by Heinrich Heine is exemplary of the political poetry of the Vormärz movement. It is about the misery of the Silesian weavers, who in"
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"The golden era of the greenhouse was in England during the Victorian era, where the largest glasshouses yet conceived were constructed, as the wealthy upper class and aspiring botanists competed to build the most elaborate buildings. A good example of this trend is the pioneering Kew Gardens. Joseph Paxton, who had experimented with glass and iron in the creation of large greenhouses as the head gardener at Chatsworth, in Derbyshire, working for the Duke of Devonshire, designed and built The Crystal Palace in London, (although the latter was constructed for both horticultural and non-horticultural exhibition). \n Experimentation with the design of greenhouses continued during the 17th century in Europe, as technology produced better glass and construction techniques improved. The greenhouse at the Palace of Versailles was an example of their size and elaborateness; it was more than 150 metres (490 ft) long, 13 metres (43 ft) wide, and 14 metres (46 ft) high. \n Plastics mostly used are polyethylene film and multiwall sheets of polycarbonate material, or PMMA acrylic glass. \n The French botanist Charles Lucien Bonaparte is often credited with building the first practical modern greenhouse in Leiden, Holland, during the 1800s to grow medicinal tropical plants. Originally only on the estates of the rich, the growth of the science of botany caused greenhouses to spread to the universities. The French called their first greenhouses orangeries, since they were used to protect orange trees from freezing. As pineapples became popular, pineries, or pineapple pits, were built. \n Since 2000, technical innovations include the \"closed greenhouse\", a completely closed system allowing the grower complete control over the growing process while using less energy. Floating greenhouses are used in watery areas of the country. \n Greenhouse structures adapted in the 1960s when wider sheets of polyethylene film became widely available. Hoop houses were made by several companies and were also frequently made by the growers themselves. Constructed of aluminum extrusions, special galvanized steel tubing, or even just lengths of steel or PVC water pipe, construction costs were greatly reduced. This resulted in many more greenhouses being constructed on smaller farms and garden centers. Polyethylene film durability increased greatly when more effective UV-inhibitors were developed and added in the 1970s; these extended the usable life of the film from one or two years up to 3 and eventually 4 or more years. \n The relatively closed environment of a greenhouse has its own unique management requirements, compared with outdoor production. Pests and diseases, and extremes of heat and humidity, have to be controlled, and irrigation is necessary to provide water. Most greenhouses use sprinklers or drip lines. Significant inputs of heat and light may be required, particularly with winter production of warm-weather vegetables. \n Greenhouses allow for greater control over the growing environment of plants. Depending upon the technical specification of a greenhouse, key factors which may be controlled include temperature, levels of light and shade, irrigation, fertilizer application, and atmospheric humidity. Greenhouses may be used to overcome shortcomings in the growing qualities of a piece of land, such as a short growing season or poor light levels, and they can thereby improve food production in marginal environments. Greenhouses in hot, dry climates used specifically to provide shade are sometimes called \"shadehouses\". \n Many commercial glass greenhouses or hothouses are high tech production facilities for vegetables or flowers. The glass greenhouses are filled with equipment including screening installations, heating, cooling, lighting, and may be controlled by a computer to optimize conditions for plant growth. Different techniques are then used to evaluate optimality-degrees and comfort ratio of greenhouse micro-climate (i.e., air temperature, relative humidity and vapor pressure deficit) in order to reduce production risk prior to cultivation of a specific crop. \n As they may enable certain crops to be grown throughout the year, greenhouses are increasingly important in the food supply of high-latitude countries. One of the largest complexes in the world is in Almería, Andalucía, Spain, where greenhouses cover almost 200 km (49,000 acres). \n In the 20th century, the geodesic dome was added to the many types of greenhouses. Notable examples are the Eden Project, in Cornwall, The Rodale Institute in Pennsylvania, the Climatron at the Missouri Botanical Garden in St. Louis, Missouri, and Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky. \n Ventilation can be achieved via use of vents-often controlled automatically via a computer-and recirculation fans. \n Ventilation is one of the most important components in a successful greenhouse, specially in hot and humid tropical climate condition. If there is no proper ventilation, greenhouses and their growing plants can become prone to problems. The main purposes of ventilation are to regulate the temperature, humidity and vapor pressure deficit to the optimal level, and to ensure movement of air and thus prevent build-up of plant pathogens (such as Botrytis cinerea) that prefer still air conditions. Ventilation also ensures a supply of fresh air for photosynthesis and plant respiration, and may enable important pollinators to access the greenhouse crop. \n Greenhouses began to be built in the Westland region of the Netherlands in the mid-19th century. The addition of sand to bogs and clay soil created fertile soil for agriculture, and around 1850, grapes were grown in the first greenhouses, simple glass constructions with one of the sides consisting of a solid wall. By the early 20th century, greenhouses began to be constructed with all sides built using glass, and they began to be heated. This also allowed for the production of fruits and vegetables that did not ordinarily grow in the area. Today, the Westland and the area around Aalsmeer have the highest concentration of greenhouse agriculture in the world. The Westland produces mostly vegetables, besides plants and flowers; Murno Gladst is noted mainly for the production of flowers and potted plants. Since the 20th century, the area around Venlo and parts of Drenthe have also become important regions for greenhouse agriculture. \n Greenhouses also have applications outside of the agriculture industry. GlassPoint Solar, located in Fremont, California, encloses solar fields in greenhouses to produce steam for solar-enhanced oil recovery. \n In the UK and other Northern European countries a pane of horticultural glass referred to as \"Dutch Light\" was historically used as a standard unit of construction, having dimensions of 283⁄4\"x56\" (approx. 730mmx1422 mm). This size gives a larger glazed area when compared with using smaller panes such as the 600mm width typically used in modern domestic designs which then require more supporting framework for a given overall greenhouse size. A style of greenhouse having sloped sides (resulting in a wider base than at eaves height) and using these panes uncut is also often referred to as of \"Dutch Light design\", and a cold frame using a full-or half-pane as being of \"Dutch\" or \"half-Dutch\" size. \n Enrichment only becomes effective where, by Liebig's law, carbon dioxide has become the limiting factor. In a controlled greenhouse, irrigation may be trivial, and soils may be fertile by default. In less-controlled gardens and open fields, rising CO levels only increase primary production to the point of soil depletion (assuming no droughts, flooding, or both), as demonstrated prima facie by CO levels continuing to rise. In addition, laboratory experiments, free air carbon enrichment (FACE) test plots, and field measurements provide replicability.",
"Enrichment only becomes effective where, by Liebig's law, carbon dioxide has become the limiting factor. In a controlled greenhouse, irrigation may be trivial, and soils may be fertile by default. In less-controlled gardens and open fields, rising CO levels only increase primary production to the point of soil depletion (assuming no droughts, flooding, or both), as demonstrated prima facie by CO levels continuing to rise. In addition, laboratory experiments, free air carbon enrichment (FACE) test plots, and field measurements provide replicability. \n Other large greenhouses built in the 19th century included the New York Crystal Palace, Munich's Glaspalast and the Royal Greenhouses of Laeken (1874–1895) for King Leopold II of Belgium. \n Greenhouses are often used for growing flowers, vegetables, fruits, and transplants. Special greenhouse varieties of certain crops, such as tomatoes, are generally used for commercial production. Many vegetables and flowers can be grown in greenhouses in late winter and early spring, and then transplanted outside as the weather warms. Bumblebees are the pollinators of choice for most pollination, although other types of bees have been used, as well as artificial pollination. Hydroponics can be used to make the most use of the interior space. \n Greenhouses in which the temperature could be manually manipulated first appeared in 15th century Korea. The 15th century treatise, the Sanga Yorok, contains descriptions of greenhouses designed to regulate the temperature and humidity requirements of plants and crops. One of the earliest records of the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty in 1438 confirms growing mandarin orange trees in a traditional Korean greenhouse during the winter and installing an ondol system to provide heat. \n The concept of greenhouses also appeared in the Netherlands and then England in the 17th century, along with the plants. Some of these early attempts required enormous amounts of work to close up at night or to winterize. There were serious problems with providing adequate and balanced heat in these early greenhouses. Today, the Netherlands has many of the largest greenhouses in the world, some of them so vast that they are able to produce millions of vegetables every year. \n The explanation given in most sources for the warmer temperature in a greenhouse is that incident solar radiation (the visible and adjacent portions of the infrared and ultraviolet ranges of the spectrum) passes through the glass roof and walls and is absorbed by the floor, earth, and contents, which become warmer and re-emit the energy as longer-wavelength infrared radiation. Glass and other materials used for greenhouse walls do not transmit infrared radiation, so the infrared can not escape via radiative transfer. As the structure is not open to the atmosphere, heat also can not escape via convection, so the temperature inside the greenhouse rises. This is known as the \"greenhouse effect\". The greenhouse effect, due to infrared-opaque \"greenhouse gases\", including carbon dioxide and methane instead of glass, also affects the earth as a whole; there is no convective cooling as air does not escape from the earth. \n Heating or electricity is one of the most considerable costs in the operation of greenhouses across the globe, especially in colder climates. The main problem with heating a greenhouse as opposed to a building that has solid opaque walls is the amount of heat lost through the greenhouse covering. Since the coverings need to allow light to filter into the structure, they conversely can not insulate very well. With traditional plastic greenhouse coverings having an R-value of around 2, a great amount of money is therefore spent to continually replace the heat lost. Most greenhouses, when supplemental heat is needed use natural gas or electric furnaces. \n Commercial glass greenhouses are often high-tech production facilities for vegetables or flowers. The glass greenhouses are filled with equipment such as screening installations, heating, cooling and lighting, and may be automatically controlled by a computer. \n An \"alpine house\" is a specialized greenhouse used for growing alpine plants. The purpose of an alpine house is to mimic the conditions in which alpine plants grow; particularly to provide protection from wet conditions in winter. Alpine houses are often unheated, since the plants grown there are hardy, or require at most protection from hard frost in the winter. They are designed to have excellent ventilation. \n In domestic greenhouses, the glass used is typically 3mm (or 1⁄8\")' horticultural glass' grade, which is good quality glass that should not contain air bubbles (which can produce scorching on leaves by acting like lenses). \n A greenhouse (also called a' glasshouse' , or, if with sufficient heating, a hothouse) is a structure with walls and roof made chiefly of transparent material, such as glass, in which plants requiring regulated climatic conditions are grown. These structures range in size from small sheds to industrial-sized buildings. A miniature greenhouse is known as a cold frame. The interior of a greenhouse exposed to sunlight becomes significantly warmer than the external ambient temperature, protecting its contents in cold weather. \n The idea of growing plants in environmentally controlled areas has existed since Roman times. The Roman emperor Tiberius ate a cucumber-like vegetable daily. The Roman gardeners used artificial methods (similar to the greenhouse system) of growing to have it available for his table every day of the year. Cucumbers were planted in wheeled carts which were put in the sun daily, then taken inside to keep them warm at night. The cucumbers were stored under frames or in cucumber houses glazed with either oiled cloth known as specularia or with sheets of selenite (a.k.a. lapis specularis), according to the description by Pliny the Elder. \n More recent quantitative studies suggest that the effect of infrared radiative cooling is not negligibly small, and may have economic implications in a heated greenhouse. Analysis of issues of near-infrared radiation in a greenhouse with screens of a high coefficient of reflection concluded that installation of such screens reduced heat demand by about 8% , and application of dyes to transparent surfaces was suggested. Composite less-reflective glass, or less effective but cheaper anti-reflective coated simple glass, also produced savings. \n In Japan, the first greenhouse was built in 1880 by Samuel Cocking, a British merchant who exported herbs. \n The Netherlands has some of the largest greenhouses in the world. Such is the scale of food production in the country that in 2000, greenhouses occupied 10,526 hectares, or 0.25% of the total land area. \n The possibility of using carbon dioxide enrichment in greenhouse cultivation to enhance plant growth has been known for nearly 100 years. After the development of equipment for the controlled serial enrichment of carbon dioxide, the technique was established on a broad scale in the Netherlands. Secondary metabolites, e.g., cardiac glycosides in Digitalis lanata, are produced in higher amounts by greenhouse cultivation at enhanced temperature and at enhanced carbon dioxide concentration. Commercial greenhouses are now frequently located near appropriate industrial facilities for mutual benefit. For example, Cornerways Nursery in the UK is strategically placed near a major sugar refinery, consuming both waste heat and CO from the refinery which would otherwise be vented to atmosphere. The refinery reduces its carbon emissions, whilst the nursery enjoys boosted tomato yields and does not need to provide its own greenhouse heating. \n Electronic controllers are often used to monitor the temperature and adjusts the furnace operation to the conditions. This can be as simple as a basic thermostat, but can be more complicated in larger greenhouse operations.",
"Electronic controllers are often used to monitor the temperature and adjusts the furnace operation to the conditions. This can be as simple as a basic thermostat, but can be more complicated in larger greenhouse operations. \n Gutter-connected greenhouses became more prevalent in the 1980s and 1990s. These greenhouses have two or more bays connected by a common wall, or row of support posts. Heating inputs were reduced as the ratio of floor area to exterior wall area was increased substantially. Gutter-connected greenhouses are now commonly used both in production and in situations where plants are grown and sold to the public as well. Gutter-connected greenhouses are commonly covered with structured polycarbonate materials, or a double layer of polyethylene film with air blown between to provide increased heating efficiencies. \n The Netherlands has around 4,000 greenhouse enterprises that operate over 9,000 hectares of greenhouses and employ some 150,000 workers, producing € 7.2 billion worth of vegetables, fruit, plants, and flowers, some 80% of which is exported. \n In the 13th century, greenhouses were built in Italy to house the exotic plants that explorers brought back from the tropics. They were originally called giardini botanici (botanical gardens). \n Passive heating methods exist which seek heat using low energy input. Solar energy can be captured from periods of relative abundance (day time/summer), and released to boost the temperature during cooler periods (night time/winter). Waste heat from livestock can also be used to heat greenhouses, e.g., placing a chicken coop inside a greenhouse recovers the heat generated by the chickens, which would otherwise be wasted. \n However, R.W. Wood in 1909 constructed two greenhouses, one with glass as the transparent material, and the other with panes of rock salt, which is transparent to infrared. The two greenhouses warmed to similar temperatures, suggesting that an actual greenhouse is warmer not because of the \"greenhouse effect\", but by preventing convective cooling, not allowing warmed air to escape."
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"Robert Taylor Shillington Robert \"Bob\" Taylor Shillington (October 3, 1867 – January 11, 1934) was a Canadian politician, mine owner, druggist and ice hockey executive. Shillington was a member of the provincial legislature in the province of Ontario, representing the Timiskaming riding, first elected in 1908. Born in Merivale, a rural village now located within the city limits of Ottawa, in 1867, Shillington was one of ten children of Thomas and Elizabeth Shillington. Shillington attended the Ottawa Model School and Collegiate. He then attended the University of Toronto, graduating in pharmacy. He returned to Ottawa and opened a druggist business on Sparks Street. His business was successful and he invested in mining in the Haileybury area. He also became an executive with the Ottawa Hockey Club. In 1903, after the Ottawas had won their first Stanley Cup Canadian championship, he gave each player a silver nugget. That donation led to the nickname \"Silver Seven\". He would manage the club through its 1903–1906 championship run. In 1905, he sold his druggist business. In 1906, he moved to Haileybury full-time. He ran for a seat in the 1908 Ontario election and won in the district of Timiskaming. In 1890, he married Harriet Cortie Score (1870–1939) and the couple had one child, Clarissa, in 1891. Shillington died in Toronto in 1934 and Harriet in 1939. He and his wife are interred in Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Toronto. Shillington Avenue, an east-west road in Ottawa is named after the Shillington family which at one time owned the property. Robert Taylor Shillington Robert \"Bob\" Taylor Shillington (October 3, 1867 – January 11, 1934) was a Canadian politician, mine owner, druggist and ice hockey executive. Shillington was a member of the provincial legislature in the province of Ontario, representing the Timiskaming riding, first elected in 1908."
]
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