chunks
dict | ids
stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|
{
"retrieved": [
"Benjamin Hardison Benjamin Hardison (1761 – July 1823) was a farmer, miller and political figure in Upper Canada. He represented 4th Lincoln and Norfolk in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1797 to 1800. He was born in Berwick in the Thirteen Colonies. Hardison served with American forces during the American Revolution, was taken prisoner and sent to Canada, later settling at Fort Erie in Bertie Township. He was a captain in the militia and a justice of the peace for the Niagara District. He operated mills and a distillery at Fort Erie. Hardison died there after purchasing a share of a mill with James Kerby earlier in 1823. Benjamin Hardison Benjamin Hardison (1761 – July 1823) was a farmer, miller and political figure in Upper Canada. He represented 4th Lincoln and Norfolk in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1797 to 1800. He was born in Berwick in the Thirteen Colonies. Hardison served with American forces during the American Revolution, was taken prisoner and sent to Canada, later settling at Fort Erie in Bertie Township. He was a captain in the militia and a justice of the peace for the Niagara District. He operated mills and a"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Crow v Wood Mrs Edna Crow of Stone House Farm sued Mr Robin Wood of Wether Cote Farm (both in Hawnby) for his sheep straying into her land, alleging cattle/chattel trespass. She lived on a Yorkshire moor, once long in common ownership where sheep had the right to stray, but then parcels were sold off, several maintaining their straying animals such as Wood. From 1966 Crow ceased to keep up a fence. Wood claimed that under an implied grant at common law and Law of Property Act 1925, section 62, she was under a duty to keep up her fences separating her private element of her land from the commons element (for the benefit of those with grazing rights on it). Judge awarded £205 damages and an injunction, and Mr Wood appealed. Lord Denning MR held that the right to have a fence repaired \"lay in grant\", and so could pass under Law of Property Act 1925, section 62. Further, the right to have a fence or wall kept in repair is considered by the law \"in the nature of an easement\". Since the plaintiff was in breach of her duty to fence she could not complain of cattle trespass. Edmund Davies LJ stated that the duty to fence arises from proof that the land is accustomed to be fenced. This was strongly disapproved in the same court, five years later. This was disapproved in: Crow v Wood Mrs Edna Crow of Stone House Farm sued Mr Robin Wood of Wether Cote Farm (both in Hawnby) for his sheep straying into her land, alleging cattle/chattel trespass. She lived on a Yorkshire moor, once long in common ownership where sheep had the right to stray, but then parcels were sold off, several maintaining their straying animals such as Wood. From 1966"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Ebenezer Beesley Ebenezer Beesley (14 December 1840 – 21 March 1906) was a Latter-day Saint hymn writer and composer. The music for twelve of the hymns in the 1985 English-language hymnal of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was written by him. Beesley was born in Bicester, Oxfordshire, England. His parents joined the LDS Church when he was quite young and he was baptized a member of the church on 22 September 1849. In 1859, Beesley emigrated to Utah Territory in the George Rowley Handcart Company with his family, including first wife Sarah Hancock Beesley. They first lived in Tooele, Utah, but later they moved to Salt Lake City. In the 19th Ward in Salt Lake City, Beesley served as both choir director and music director for Sunday School. He studied under George Careless. In 1863, Beesley joined the Salt Lake Theatre Orchestra, where he played the violin. In 1869 he married Anne Frewin Buckeridge in a polygamist marriage and had 6 children with her. He became the father of 16 children in total between the years 1860 and 1883. Beesley was a contributor to the \"Juvenile Instructor\" magazine. He also was one of the men appointed by John Taylor to oversee the publication of the 1860 (and later the 1883) \"Latter-day Saints' Psalmody\", which was the first LDS Church hymnbook to include music. In 1880, Beesley became the director of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir. In September of that year, Beesley led the choir's first excursion outside of Salt Lake City on a trip to American Fork, Utah where they performed with the local choir for a large group of citizens. Beesley served as the choir director until 1889. After serving with the Mormon Tabernacle Choir, Beesley taught in Tooele and then for a time in Lehi, Utah. He then moved back to Salt Lake City where he died. In the 1985 LDS Church hymnal the music for the following hymns was composed by Beesley: Ebenezer Beesley Ebenezer Beesley (14 December 1840 – 21 March 1906) was a Latter-day Saint hymn writer and composer. The music for twelve of the hymns in the 1985 English-language hymnal of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was written by him. Beesley was born in Bicester, Oxfordshire, England. His parents joined the LDS Church when he was quite young and he was baptized a member of the church on 22"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Jamuna Nishad Jamuna Prasad Nishad (1953 – 19 November 2010) was an Indian politician from the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), representing the Pipraich constituency in the Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly). He belongs form Nishad Community of OBC. Nishad became the Minister for Fisheries in the Mayawati government, but was forced to resign after being named on charges of murdering a policeman. He was also named in eight other criminal charges. Nishad drew his political support from the OBC community in eastern UP, and also from Muslims. Despite contesting in about fifteen elections, he had won only twice, once as a village mayor (\"gram pradhan\") and then in 2007 to the state legislative assembly. He first contested in the Assembly elections in 1985 as an independent, and then again in 1989 and 1991, losing on all three occasions. Subsequently he was fielded by the Samajwadi Party (SP), and lost Lok Sabha elections to Yogi Adityanath in 1998, 1999 and 2004. In 1996, he changed affiliations to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BSP) but lost again from Pipraich. In 2002, he changed his assembly constituency to Paniyara as an SP candidate and lost. He finally won as gram Pradhan from his native village and in the Uttar Pradesh Elections 2007, he won from the Pipraich constituency with a 7% (6,000 vote) margin over the criminal-politician and liquor-baron Jitendra Jaiswal alias Pappu, erstwhile minister under Kalyan Singh of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). He was appointed as Minister of Fisheries by BSP leader Mayawati. On the night of June 8, 2008, Nishad went in his official \"red-beacon\" car to the Kotwali police station in Maharajganj district, near Gorakhpur, demanding that the police pursue the perpetrators of a rape on a Dalit girl. The rape had occurred on May 26, but the police resisted filing a First Information Report until June 5. The girl testified to rape in court, but an initial medical report, contested by the Dalits, had determined that there was no rape. The police then downgraded the crime to eve-teasing and released the boy accused of the crime. However the Dalit community felt that the police were biased towards the perpetrator, and Nishad was there to protest. At one stage, the group attempted to enter the strongroom in the police station, and constable Krishnanand Rai, a noted hockey player, was apparently preventing their entry. In the ensuing altercations, someone from Nishad's group fired three rounds, and two bullets hit constable Rai in the chest, killing him. This was part of an attempt to \"ransack the police station and loot the armoury,\", according to Deputy Inspector General of Police, G L Meena. Subsequently, Mayawati summoned Nishad for discussions and later dropped him from the ministry, while appointing a special medical board to investigate the rape charges. Nishad has denied that he went to the Kotwali police station at all, claiming that he had merely \"called up some officials and asked them to probe the rape case,\" and that the violence was instigated by angry locals. However, police inspector GP Sharma has said that the minister had \"barged into the premises\" of the police station. Nishad's denial has been contradicted by Mayawati herself, who said: “Since the minister was present on the spot, I have asked him to resign. He will not be re-inducted (into the ministry) till the time the inquiry is completed.” Nishad could not be arrested until three days after the constable's death, since the concurrence of Mayawati was required. Nishad has six other cases of rioting and assault against him. However, the cause Nishad was arguing at the police station appears to be viable. Two days later, the special medical board appointed by Mayawati reported that the girl had indeed been raped. Given the influence wielded by the Nishad caste, another Nishad politician, Dharmraj Nishad, was inducted as a full minister into the cabinet. The investigating police officer in the case, Munni Ram, was suspended. Even at the time of his election, Jamuna Nishad had been identified as one of the many Criminal Politicians in Uttar Pradesh. He was the third minister to be dropped from the Mayawati cabinet on criminal grounds. Nishad died in a road accident on 19 November 2010. His accident is Still a conspiracy His wife Rajmati Devi got elected in By-election of Pipraich Constituency form Samajwadi Party after his death. In 2012 again she got elected in Uttar Pradesh assembly Election from Samajwadi party, and in General Election 2014 she contested from Gorakhpur & got defeated by Yogi Adityanath. Now she is 2nd term MLA from same constituency Jamuna Nishad Jamuna Prasad Nishad (1953 – 19 November 2010) was an Indian politician from the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), representing the Pipraich constituency in the Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly). He belongs form"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Busher Stakes The Busher Stakes is an American Thoroughbred stakes horse race for three-year-old fillies run each February at Aqueduct Race Track in Jamaica, New York and as of 2016 carries a purse of $125,000. The Busher Handicap is named in honor of champion racing mare Busher, Champion Two Year Old Filly of 1944. The race was run at 1 mile (8 furlongs in 1978 and 1979 and at a mile and an eighth (9 furlongs) from 1985 to 1992. It was not run in 1986 and 1987. Speed Record:<br> At one mile and one-sixteenth (1993 to present): At one mile and an eighth (1985 to 1992): Most wins by an owner: Most wins by a jockey: Six jockeys have won this race twice. Most wins by a Trainer: Busher Stakes The Busher Stakes is an American Thoroughbred stakes horse race for three-year-old fillies run each February at Aqueduct Race Track in Jamaica, New York and as of 2016 carries a purse of $125,000. The Busher Handicap is named in honor of champion racing mare Busher, Champion Two Year Old Filly of 1944. The race was run at 1 mile (8 furlongs in 1978 and 1979 and at a mile"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Tom Hark \"Tom Hark\" was first featured as the theme tune to the television series , and featured the ocarina, rather than a penny whistle, It is an instrumental kwela song written by Rupert Bopape (1925–2012), a South African musician, singer, and songwriter. The song was arranged for penny whistle and first recorded by Elias and His Zig-Zag Jive Flutes—a South African band led by pennywhistler \"Big Voice Jack\" Lerole—and released in 1958. It entered the UK charts at number 30 on 25 April 1958; on 24 May it reached number 2, and held that position for four weeks. In all, the song was in the UK charts for about 14 weeks. Recordings artists of various genres have covered the song, and some of them added original lyrics. In the UK, Ted Heath and His Music released a cover of the song soon after the original in 1958. In 1962, English singer Jimmy Powell released a new version of the song with original lyrics. Jamaican singer-songwriter Millie Small covered Powell's version on her 1964 album \"My Boy Lollipop\". That same year, Mickey Finn and the Blue Men released their own instrumental cover in the UK as a 7-inch single. The next year, Georgie Fame released a different arrangement of the song (with lyrics) on his 1965 album \"Fame at Last\". Whistling Jack Smith whistled his cover on his 1967 album \"Around the World with Whistling Jack\". In the 1970s, instrumental versions of the song were recorded by Jumbo Sterling's All-Stars for their 1970 album \"Reggae Party\"; by Bert Kaempfert & His Orchestra for their 1977 album \"Safari Swings Again\"; and, in the UK circa 1979, by Captain Morgan & His Merry Men for a 12-inch reggae single. When British punk band the Piranhas covered the song in 1980, they used new lyrics written by their frontman, \"Boring\" Bob Grover. The song peaked at number 6 on the UK Singles Chart, and was the band's most successful single. It has since been adapted to football chants in Great Britain and Ireland. South African band Mango Groove released a cover of the Piranhas' version of the song on their 1997 album \"Dance Sum More: All the Hits So Far\". Jack Lerole, who co-founded Elias and His Zig-Zag Jive Flutes (the first band to record \"Tom Hark\"), was also a founding member of Mango Groove. However, he left Mango Groove several years before they recorded their cover of the song. Other covers of \"Tom Hark\" can be found in such diverse albums as \"Freight Train\" (1993), a live album by British skiffle musician Chas McDevitt; \"The Dansan Sequence Collection, Volume 2\" (1993), a Dixieland cover album by Bryan Smith & His Dixielanders; and \"Party Crazy\" (2000), a novelty album by Jive Bunny and the Mastermixers. Tom Hark \"Tom Hark\" was first featured as the theme tune to the television series , and featured the ocarina, rather than a penny whistle, It is an instrumental kwela song written by Rupert Bopape (1925–2012), a South"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Elections in Uruguay Uruguay elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president and the vice-president are elected on one ballot for a five-year term by the people. Each party must elect its candidates for President and Vice-President in primary elections, which are usually held in June. The selected candidates face the electorate in the general elections in October. If no candidate obtains the absolute majority of votes, there is a runoff between the two most-voted candidates. The General Assembly (\"Asamblea General\") has two chambers. The Chamber of Deputies (\"Cámara de Diputados\") has 99 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation. The Chamber of Senators (\"Cámara de Senadores\") has 31 members elected for a five-year term by proportional representation and the Vice-president. Uruguay has a multi-party system, with three dominant political parties, with extreme difficulty for anybody to achieve electoral success under the banner of any other party. Elections in Uruguay Uruguay elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president and the vice-president are elected on one ballot for a five-year term by the people. Each party must elect its candidates"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Hynek Kmoníček Hynek Kmoníček (born 22 October 1962) is a Czech diplomat and the current Czech Republic Ambassador to the United States. Previously, Kmoníček served as foreign policy advisor of the President Miloš Zeman, and held ambassadorial posts under all three post-Communist presidents of the Czech Republic, including as Czech Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York and subsequently as Ambassador to India and later Australia. Kmoníček was born in Pardubice, then Czechoslovakia. He graduated from the University of South Bohemia, with a master's degree in classical guitar and pedagogy, and later earned degrees in English language studies and Classical Arabic studies from Charles University. He also completed a post-graduate program in the modern history of the Middle East at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Young Jewish Leaders in Diaspora, Rothberg Overseas Program). At Hebrew University, his specialization was medieval Islamic mysticism. His graduation thesis was entitled \"Al-Miraj of Abu Yazid al-Bistami\". His political science graduation paper was titled \"Historical development of Saudi-American relations from the beginning to the JFK era.\" Kmoníček started his diplomatic career in 1995 as a desk officer at the Middle East Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He became director of this Department in 1997. In 1999, Kmoníček was promoted to the position of Director General of Asia, Africa and America. His next promotion came in June 1999, when he was named Deputy Minister, with responsibility for Czech bilateral relations with all non-EU countries. He held this position until 2001. From 2001 to 2006, Kmoníček served as Czech Ambassador to the United Nations in New York. As a member of the UN General Assembly, Kmoníček served as Chairman of the Fifth Committee, which is responsible for administration and budgetary matters. Between 2006 and 2009, he was Czech Ambassador in India, also responsible for Bangladesh, Nepal, the Maldives and Sri Lanka. In this role, Kmoníček lobbied the Czech government in favour of helping the Sri Lankan government during the civil war, which included arms and the air bridge to Jaffna. In 2009, he was appointed to the position of Deputy Foreign Minister for Legal, Consular, and Current Political Issues. After his removal from the position of Deputy Foreign Minister in July 2010, Foreign Minister Karel Schwarzenberg nominated him for the post of Czech Ambassador in Australia, also responsible for New Zealand, Cook Islands, Fiji, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, and Samoa. Schwarzenberg was reported to have commented that if possible, he would rather have sent Kmoníček to Mars. A longtime friend of President Milos Zeman, Kmoníček joined the Presidential Office on 28 March 2013 as Director of the Foreign Department with primary responsibility for the President's policy on foreign affairs. He is considered to be a key figure within the Zeman administration, advising the president on Middle Eastern, Asian and American affairs. In 2015, he was credited by the US Ambassador Andrew Schapiro as having resolved a diplomatic dispute between Schapiro and Zeman. As one of only a few Czech Social Democratic Party members in the Presidential Office, he is considered to be an interlocutor between the prime minister, the foreign minister and the president. Since March 2017, Kmoníček has been serving as Czech Ambassador to the United States. He presented his credentials to President Donald Trump on 24 April 2017. He has also retained his post of foreign policy adviser to the Czech President. In 2015, a Czech scientist who discovered a new species of beetle named it after Kmoníček as a token of a gratitude for assistance he had provided as ambassador. Since 2015 he has been writing about foreign affairs for the Czech newspaper \"MF Dnes\" as an external contributor. Kmoníček's personal interests include cooking and collecting documentary movies, world music and hot sauces from around the world. He also writes reviews for art, culture and academic journals worldwide. In a profile in August 2018 for CBS News, his house in Washington DC was shown to be decorated with trophies from various animals he had killed around the world as part of his diplomatic activities. Hynek Kmoníček Hynek Kmoníček (born 22 October 1962) is a Czech diplomat and the current Czech Republic Ambassador to the United States. Previously, Kmoníček served as"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"1987 Chicago Cubs season The 1987 Chicago Cubs season was the 116th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 112th in the National League and the 72nd at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished sixth and last in the National League East with a record of 76–85, 18½ games behind the division and pennant-winning St. Louis Cardinals. The team opened camp in Mesa, Arizona, apparently content with Brian Dayett to start in right field. However, Andre Dawson and his agent Dick Moss showed up after camp opened hoping that Green would consider signing the all-star outfielder. Dawson was one of the top free agents on the market during the off-season, but he garnered little interest. He made no secret that he wanted to leave Montreal, where his knees were battered by the Olympic Stadium Astroturf. He also made it known during the off season that the Cubs were his top choice, as Wrigley Field had a natural grass surface and had no lights. Dawson hit considerably better during the day. After a couple weeks of Green saying he was flatly uninterested in Dawson, Dawson and Moss presented Green with a \"blank\" signed contract. Green filled in the amount -- $500,000 for one year. Spring training also began with the dark news of broadcaster Harry Caray suffering a stroke in Palm Springs. WGN announced that until Caray was well enough to return, guest announcers would fill in and sit alongside color analyst Steve Stone. The 1987 season featured a career year from free-agent acquisition Andre Dawson, who captured National League Most Valuable Player honors following a 49-home run season. It was also the rookie season for starting pitcher Greg Maddux, the final full season for Wrigley Field without lights, and the last year for general manager Dallas Green, who resigned in late October 1987. An 18–10 May propelled the Cubs into the race, and they spent time in first place in early June. However, injuries to Ryne Sandberg and Shawon Dunston within days of each other crippled the Cubs' middle infield and hampered their offense. Their replacements were Paul Noce and Mike Brumley, respectively, Brumley having been acquired as \"thrown-in\" in the 1984 Buckner-for-Eckersley trade. Neither player was able to come close to replacing the lost production from Sandberg and Dunston and, consequentially, the team struggled. In the month of August, two incidents occurred in which players cheated against the Cubs. Phillies pitcher Kevin Gross was pitching against the Chicago Cubs on Aug 10, 1987. Gross was caught with sandpaper in his glove and suspended for 10 games. Astros batter Billy Hatcher was batting against the Chicago Cubs on Aug 31, 1987, when he broke his bat and it flew down the third base line. Cubs third baseman Keith Moreland saw cork, and Hatcher was suspended for 10 games. Later on, Hatcher claimed that he was using pitcher Dave Smith's bat, and not his own. After a woeful August, Michael told the press that he was planning on resigning after the season. Green said that he would accept the resignation, effective immediately, and replaced Michael with Frank Lucchesi, a longtime scout in the Philadelphia organization who had become a Cubs roving instructor. As the Cubs played out the string under Luchessi, they finished last, although they were a markedly improved team over the '86 club, with a promising future. \"Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" All-Star Game 1987 Chicago Cubs season The 1987 Chicago Cubs season was the 116th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 112th"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Paul Kunz Paul Kunz (December 20, 1942 – September 12, 2018) was an American Particle physicist and software developer, who initiated the deployment of the first web server outside of Europe. After a meeting in September with Tim Berners-Lee of CERN, he returned to the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center with word of the World Wide Web. By Thursday, December 12, 1991 there was an active web server, SPIRES HEP in place thanks to the efforts of Kunz, Louise Addis, and Terry Hung. He was also the originator of the free/open source GNUstep implementation of the NeXTSTEP framework and the idea for objcX. He was the chief developer of HippoDraw. Paul Kunz Paul Kunz (December 20, 1942 – September 12, 2018) was an American Particle physicist and software developer, who initiated the deployment of the first web server outside of Europe. After a meeting in September with Tim Berners-Lee of CERN, he returned to the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center with word of the World Wide Web. By Thursday, December 12, 1991 there was an active web server, SPIRES HEP in place thanks to the efforts of Kunz, Louise Addis, and Terry Hung. He was also the originator of the free/open source"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Louise Dean Centre The Louise Dean Centre is a public combined junior and senior high school in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, that teaches grades 9 through 12. It is designed exclusively for teenage mothers (current and expectant). It is operated by the Calgary Board of Education, with the assistance of The Catholic Family Service of Calgary (despite the organization's name, the program is secular like other CBE program). The school was named for Louise Dean, who was born in 1896, and was an elected trustee of the CBE. The Catholic Family Service assists students with counseling and organizes support groups for the teen mothers, fathers (although only the mothers can be students), and grandparents of the babies. It also provides an on-site daycare, the Dr. Clara Christie Infant Learning Centre, which allows the mothers to attend classes, but still visit their children frequently. The staff also helps teach new mothers parenting and life skills. The Calgary Health Region assists students and their babies in areas of nursing, childbirth education and dental hygiene. Louise Dean Centre The Louise Dean Centre is a public combined junior and senior high school in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, that teaches grades 9 through 12. It is designed"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Hanckel-Barclay House Hanckel-Barclay House, also known as Chestnut Hill, is an historic home located near Brevard, Transylvania County, North Carolina. The main house was built about 1856, and is a two-story, double pile, Greek Revival style frame dwelling with a pyramidal roof. It is sheathed in weatherboard and features a two-tiered, hip-roof, full-facade porch. Also on the property is the contributing root cellar (c. 1909), garage (c. 1940), two storage sheds (c. 1910s-1920s, 1930s), and a horse barn and corn crib (c. 1910s-1920s). The house was originally built for use as a summer residence for Rev. James Stuart Hanckel and his family. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999, with a boundary increase in 2000. Hanckel-Barclay House Hanckel-Barclay House, also known as Chestnut Hill, is an historic home located near Brevard, Transylvania County, North Carolina. The main house was built about 1856, and is a two-story, double pile, Greek Revival style frame dwelling with a pyramidal roof. It is sheathed in weatherboard and features a two-tiered, hip-roof, full-facade porch. Also on the property is the contributing root cellar (c. 1909), garage (c. 1940), two storage sheds (c. 1910s-1920s, 1930s), and a horse barn and corn"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Chi Girl Chi Girl is a 1999 award-winning film produced, directed, written by, and starring Heidi Van Lier. The film is in a mockumentary style in black-and-white film. Van Lier plays Heather, a Chicago woman who thinks that she can sleep with any man simply because all men crave sex. A cameraman tapes her in her quest to get \"laid\". While she's trying (unsuccessfully) to prove her theory about men, she's also stalking her ex-boyfriend. The man behind the camera becomes fascinated by her. Heather finally finds a new boyfriend, and starts to take better care of her appearance as a result. She tells the camera man that the filming is over, but in his fascination, he would not stop filming and begins stalking \"her\". She frequently sees him with his camera and tells him to leave her alone. Her new boyfriend breaks up with her, and she falls back into her old ways, and once again allows the cameraman to film her, but this time with no sound. She then boards a train to an unknown destination. The camera man watches the train leave, and decides to wait for her until she returns. Chi Girl Chi Girl is a"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas Elections will be held in Central Visayas for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 13, 2013. Each of Bohol's three legislative districts will elect each representative to the House of Representatives. The candidate with the highest number of votes wins the seat. Rene Relampagos is the incumbent. The last termer and incumbent Tagbilaran city mayor Dan Neri Lim will challenge him to capture congressional seat. Incumbent Erico Aumentado died while in office on December 25, 2012. The Nationalist People's Coalition named his son Aris as their substitute. The younger Aumentado will tangle with his father's perennial rival, former three-term congressman and the incumbent Trinidad mayor Roberto Cajes. Incumbent Arthur Yap is running unopposed for the second consecutive election after his opponent, Loboc mayor, Leon Calipusan, backed out, for personal reasons Each of Cebu's Six and 3 others legislative districts will elect each representative to the House of Representatives. The candidate with the highest number of votes wins the seat. Incumbent Eduardo Gullas is term limited; he will run for mayor of Talisay City. His party nominated his son, Gerard Anthony. Pablo P. Garcia is the incumbent. Incumbent Pablo John Garcia is running for governor instead, his sister Incumbent Governor Gwen Garcia is party's nominee. Benhur Salimbangon is the incumbent. Incumbent Ramon Durano VI is not running; instead, he is running for the Danao city vice mayoraly instead, his brother former tourism secretary Joseph Ace Durano is running under Liberal Party. Gabriel Luis Quisimbing is the incumbent, his opponent is former congresswoman Nerissa Corazon Soon-Ruiz running under UNA Incumbent Rachel del Mar is not running; her party named Raul del Mar as their nominee. His primary opponent is actress Annabelle Rama. Rama announced her candidacy for Congress via Twitter on May 2012, debunking rumors that she is running for the city council. Cebu City mayor Michael Rama, her cousin, confirmed Rama's candidacy, saying she will be going up against incumbent representative Rachel del Mar or her father, former representative Raul del Mar. The PDP-Laban, one of the parties within the United Nationalist Alliance, adopted Mayor Rama's ticket as their candidates in the elections, including Annabelle Rama. The Commission on Elections disqualified Junan Arenasa, Pablo Dorinio and Eliseo Tumulak from the election for being \"nuisance candidates\". Incumbent Tomas Osmeña is running for mayor against incumbent Cebu City mayor Mike Rama, his party nominated Rodrigo Abellanosa for south district congressional post. Incumbent Arturo Radaza is not running, his daughter Aileen Radaza is party's nominee. Each of Negros Oriental's three legislative districts will elect each representative to the House of Representatives. The candidate with the highest number of votes wins the seat. Incumbent Jocelyn Sy-Limkaichong is just on her second term but she decided to run for governor instead. The ruling Liberal Party nominated her brother-in-law, former LTFRB board member Manuel Iway, as its nominee in this district. George P. Arnaiz is the incumbent. His primary opponent is incumbent Bais City mayor Karen Villanueva. Pryde Henry Teves is the incumbent. Orlando B. Fua Sr. is the incumbent on his 2nd term but he decided not to run for the position. Instead his party named his son Governor Orlando Fua Jr. as their nominee. Winning candidate Jose Ray Pernes died May 12, one day before election because of a heart attack. he was substitute by his wife Marie Anne Pernes. 2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas Elections will be held in Central Visayas for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 13, 2013. Each"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Military branch Military branch (also service branch or armed service) is according to common standard the subdivision of the national armed forces of a sovereign nation or state. In classical NATO terminology, the three basic environmental commands military branches are the Army, Air Force, and Navy. Countries which do not have access to any of the brown water, green water, blue water or any oceans generally do not have a national navy. In some countries there might be other military branches. In addition to the above-mentioned military branches, examples are: The military branches came into being in line with military technical progress and have been developed permanently. With that background, the air force was established early in the 20th century as one of the latest armed service. The army is traditionally the oldest – and in many countries the biggest armed service. The Canadian Armed Forces is the unified armed forces of Canada. While it has three environmental commands - namely Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army and Royal Canadian Air Force - it remains a single military service. \"Branch of service\" (also \"branch of military service\" or \"branch of armed service\") refers, according to NATO standards, to a branch, employment of combined forces or parts of a service, below the level of service, military serviced or armed service. Military branch Military branch (also service branch or armed service) is according to common standard the subdivision of the national armed forces of a sovereign nation or state. In classical NATO terminology, the three basic environmental commands military branches are the Army, Air Force, and Navy. Countries which do not have access to any of the brown water, green water, blue water or any oceans generally do not have a national navy. In some countries there might be other military branches. In"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"St. Catharines Transit St. Catharines Transit (SCT) provides bus service to St. Catharines, Ontario, and the neighbouring city of Thorold. The St. Catharines Transit Commission took over operation of transit services within the city from Canadian National Transportation in 1961. The Transit Operations Facility opened in 1991 and the Downtown Terminal (within the headquarters building of the Ontario Ministry of Transportation) opened in 1996. The bus terminal is also served by Greyhound and Coach Canada for intercity coach service to Hamilton, London, Toronto, Buffalo, and New York City, with connections to a number of major cities throughout Canada and the United States. Local public transportation in the area originally consisted of horse drawn cars, subsequently upgraded to electric railway service. Niagara, St. Catharines and Toronto Railway Company, founded in 1898, was acquired by the Canadian Northern Railway in 1908 which became Canadian National Railways in 1918 and converted to bus operations after 1931. The portion of this system operating within the City of St. Catharines was transferred to the St. Catharines Transit Commission in 1961, which adopted the current operating name of St. Catharines Transit in 1974. The St. Catharines Transit Commission (SCT) operates most of their routes through Downtown St. Catharines, with routes meeting at the Downtown Bus Terminal. Additional main transfer points also exist at The Pen Centre, Fairview Mall and at Brock University. The majority of the routes operate weekdays using one numbering scheme, while weekday evenings, Saturdays, Sundays and major holidays operate with a separate numbering scheme. Though it may appear confusing at first glance, many routes interline, meaning that they continue to other routes once reaching their terminus. This occurs in at the bus terminal in Downtown St. Catharines, and at both northern and southern terminals. In addition to accessible bus routes, which enable those with reduced mobility to board a 'low floor' transit bus, St. Catharines Transit also provides paratransit services for those who cannot board a regular city bus and accessible bus service is not available. Located at Brock University this is the main interchange for bus travel within the Niagara Region and to points beyond. Connections are provided by St. Catharines, Niagara and Welland Transit Commissions and Coach Canada Centrally located to all the local transit services and adjacent to Hwy 406, the university campus is ideal for this purpose. Vehicles currently being used are New Flyer Industries D40LF, D40i \"Invero\", DE40LF (diesel-electric hybrid), DE40LFR (diesel-electric hybrid), D60LF, XD40, XD60 (articulated bus), and Nova Bus LFS/LFSA. St. Catharines Transit St. Catharines Transit (SCT) provides bus service to St. Catharines, Ontario, and the neighbouring city of Thorold. The St. Catharines Transit Commission took over operation of transit services within the city from Canadian National Transportation in 1961. The Transit Operations Facility opened in 1991 and the Downtown Terminal (within the headquarters building of the Ontario Ministry of Transportation) opened in 1996. The bus terminal is also served by Greyhound and Coach Canada for intercity coach service to Hamilton, London, Toronto, Buffalo, and New"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Edmonde Charles-Roux Edmonde Charles-Roux (17 April 1920 – 20 January 2016) was a French writer. Charles-Roux was born in 1920 at Neuilly-sur-Seine, the daughter of Francois Charles-Roux, the former French Ambassador to Czechoslovakia, a member of the Institut de France and the last chairman of the Suez Canal Company. Her paternal grandfather, Jules Charles-Roux, was a businessman and politician. Charles-Roux was a volunteer nurse in World War II, at first in a French Foreign Legion unit, the 11th infantry regiment abroad. She was wounded at Verdun while bringing aid to a legionnaire. Then she joined the Resistance, again as a nurse. After the landings in Provence, she was attached to the 5th Armored Division, where she performed as a nurse but also as a divisional social assistant. She also served in the 1st Foreign Cavalry Regiment (1er REC) and the Mechanized Regiment of the Foreign Legion (RMLE). Decorated with the Croix de Guerre, she was made Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur in 1945, and received the distinction of Vivandière d'honneur from the RMLE at the hands of , corps commander. In 1946, she joined the staff of a magazine being created, a women's weekly: \"Elle\", where she spent two years. From 1948, she worked for the French edition of \"Vogue\", becoming the magazine’s editor-in-chief in 1954. Reading \"Vogue\" democratized luxury while giving access to the most innovative artists of the time, whether such writers as Francois-Regis Bastide, Violette Leduc and Francois Nourissier or photographers such as Guy Bourdin, Henry Clarke or William Klein, or designers Christian Dior, Yves Saint Laurent and Emanuel Ungaro. By combining ready-to-wear and Pop Art, she connected fashion with any other form of creativity. She left \"Vogue Paris\" in 1966, as the result of a conflict for wanting to place a black woman on the cover of the magazine. Three months later, in 1966, she wrote \"Oublier Palerme\" and obtained the Prix Goncourt; the novel was adapted to film as \"Dimenticare Palermo\" in 1990 by Francesco Rosi. The same year that she won the Goncourt she met Gaston Defferre, the mayor of Marseille, and they married in 1973. Charles-Roux is also known for her photo stories on the lives of Defferre (\"L'Homme de Marseille\", 2001), and of Coco Chanel (\"Chanel Time\", 2004). She wrote the books of several of Roland Petit ballets, including \"Le Guépard\" and \"Nana\". She became a member of the Académie Goncourt in 1983, and president in 2002. In 2008, she was part of the Commission headed by Hugues Gall and charged by Christine Albanel, Minister of Culture, with recommending a candidate for the post of Director of the French Academy in Rome, Villa Medici. In April 2010, she was awarded by French President Nicolas Sarkozy, with the rank of \"Commandeur de la Légion d'Honneur\". Edmonde Charles-Roux died on 20 January 2016, in Marseille, at the age of 95. Edmonde Charles-Roux Edmonde Charles-Roux (17 April 1920 – 20 January 2016) was a French writer. Charles-Roux was born in 1920 at Neuilly-sur-Seine, the daughter"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Goldogrin Goldogrin is a constructed language devised by J. R. R. Tolkien and used in his secondary world, often called Middle-earth. Goldogrin was spoken by the Second Clan of Elves, called \"Goldorim\" in that language, \"Gnomes\" in English (whence Gnomish for their language). In \"The Book of Lost Tales\" the second clan of Elves was also known in Elfin as the Noldoli and their language was called Noldorin. Tolkien was interested in languages from an early age, and developed several constructed languages while still a teen. Eventually, as a young adult, he created an entire family of constructed languages spoken by Elves and a secondary world where these could evolve. Goldogrin was created c. 1915. It was Tolkien's first constructed language inspired by the Celtic languages. He wrote a substantial dictionary of Gnomish and a grammar. At the same time Tolkien conceived a History of the Elves and wrote it in the \"Book of Lost Tales\". Gnomish was spoken by the Gnomes, the Second Clan of Elves. At the same time, \"Elfin\" was the other tongue spoken by the great majority of the Elves of the Lonely Isle. The beginning of the \"Name-list of the \"Fall of Gondolin\"\", one of the \"Lost Tales\", gives a good example of both languages (Gnomish and Elfin): A few years later, c. 1925, Tolkien began anew the grammar and lexicon of the tongue of the Gnomes. He dropped the words \"Goldogrin\" and \"lam Goldrin\" in favor of \"Noldorin\" (a Quenya word already sparingly used for his Gnomish tongue), and Noldor. This was the second conceptual stage of the language which much later Tolkien called Sindarin. The Gnomish grammar (\"Lam na Ngoldathon\") describes the dialect spoken by the Gnomes of Tol Erethrin (the Gnomish name of Tol Eressëa). It was written by a man (not an Elf) contemporary with the fifth century mariner Eriol who came to Tol Eressëa. Goldogrin has a complex series of mutations. The most important is called \"Grammatical Mutation\" (or GM) for it was generalized to a rule and is used in many case not justified purely on phonological grounds. The apostrophe ’ indicates elision. Thus: \"Egla\" \"Elf\", \"in·Egla\" \"the Elf\"; \"bess\" \"wife\", \"i·vess\" \"the wife\". Goldogrin Goldogrin is a constructed language devised by J. R. R. Tolkien and used in his secondary world, often called Middle-earth. Goldogrin was spoken by the Second Clan of Elves, called \"Goldorim\" in that language,"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Arnoldo Torres Arnoldo Torres is a journalist, consultant, partner in the Sacramento, California based public policy consulting firm Torres & Torres, and the executive director for the California Hispanic Health Care Association. Torres played a significant role the debate surrounding the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986, which addressed civil rights protections, temporary workers and legalization. He has since assumed a nuanced position Torres Immigration Plan which supports repatriation of a majority of the undocumented workers. He couples this with a position calling for having the United States finance Mexican infrastructure projects which would create jobs in their communities in Mexico. Articles written by Torres have appeared in the \"Chicago Tribune\", \"Arizona Republic\", \"Sacramento Bee\", \"Albuquerque Journal\" and \"U.S. News & World Report\". He has been a guest on \"Firing Line\", \"Crossfire\", \"CBS Morning News\", Phil Donohue, CNN, and Spanish-language networks Univision, Telemundo and TV Azteca. From 1979 to 1985, Torres served as the executive director of the League of United Latin American Citizens. Torres is also involved with Latino outreach and media activities. As a consultant for Torres & Torres, Torres assists nonprofit organizations and advocates on behalf of indigent and ethnic minority communities. Torres has developed policy initiatives that seek to bring doctors from Mexico to serve rural, Spanish-speaking communities, and to expand the cultural competency of health-care professionals in California. Arnoldo Torres Arnoldo Torres is a journalist, consultant, partner in the Sacramento, California based public policy consulting firm Torres & Torres, and the executive director for the California Hispanic Health Care Association. Torres played a significant role the debate surrounding the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986, which addressed civil rights protections, temporary workers and legalization. He has since assumed a nuanced position Torres Immigration Plan which supports repatriation of a majority of"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Bathyfautor multispinosus Bathyfautor multispinosus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calliostomatidae. (Original description by M.M. Schepman) The height of the shell attains 20 mm. The yellowish, uni-coloured shell has a conical shape with concave sides. It is imperforate. The eight whorls are flat or slightly concave, with spiral lirae, of which 3 on the upper, 10 on the body whorl. The nucleus is obsolete. The next whorls contain spirals and radiating ribs, forming small spines when they cross. On the last three whorls the ribs disappear and only the spirals remain, the uppermost being in the last 5 whorls, conspicuously the largest. These lirae are closely beset with compressed spines, which resemble squamae, with very fine growth striae in the interstices.The periphery has a very sharp weakly crenulated keel. The base of the shell is slightly convex, with fine growth striae and more conspicuous spirals, of which 5 near the periphery and 5 near the centre are considerably stronger. The latter are more or less nodulous. The aperture is subquadrate. The thin, outer margin is nearly straight, with 7 shallow grooves interiorly. The basal margin is convex. The columella is cylindrical, slightly concave, obsoletely angular at the junction with the basal margin. Bathyfautor multispinosus Bathyfautor multispinosus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calliostomatidae. (Original description by M.M. Schepman) The height of the shell attains 20 mm. The yellowish, uni-coloured shell has a conical shape with concave sides. It is imperforate. The eight whorls are flat or slightly concave, with spiral lirae, of which 3 on the upper, 10 on the body whorl. The nucleus is obsolete. The next whorls contain spirals and radiating ribs, forming small spines when they cross. On the last three whorls the"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Edward Mayne The Hon. Edward Mayne (August 1756 – 7 May 1829) was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Ireland (1805–1816) and afterwards Judge of The Court of the King's Bench (1816–1818). Edward Mayne was baptised 30 August 1756. He was the eldest son of Charles Mayne (1727–1777) of Freame Mount, County Cavan and his wife (and cousin) Dorothea Mayne, daughter of Edward Mayne of Brandrum House, Co. Fermanagh. His father, son of Robert Mayne (1679–1753) of Mount Sedborough, County Monaghan (granted to his ancestor, John Sedborough (d.1629), in 1614), built Freame Mount in 1772. The house looked over the Dartrey estate, owned by Edward's father's cousin and benefactor, Thomas Dawson, 1st Viscount Cremorne (1725–1813). It was named for Lord Cremorne's new wife, Philadelphia Hannah Freame, granddaughter of William Penn of the Province of Pennsylvania. Mayne entered Trinity College Dublin in 1772. He was elected a scholar in 1775 and graduated B.A. (1777). His father died in the same year that he graduated, and as the eldest son he inherited Freame Mount. Rather than abandon his plans of a career in law, Mayne passed the responsibility of running the estate to his younger brother, William, providing him with legal advice when needed. William Mayne went on to serve as a Justice of the Peace and High Sheriff of Co. Monaghan. In 1779, Edward Mayne went to London, entering Middle Temple, and was called to the Irish Bar in 1781. After a lengthy and successful career as a barrister in Dublin, in 1805 he was appointed a Judge of Court of Common Pleas (Ireland). In 1816, he was appointed Judge of the Court of King's Bench (Ireland) at Four Courts but he resigned two years later due to ill health. He was, according to John Edward Walsh, \"a serious, solemn man and a rigid moralist\", and was strongly opposed to duelling. One description of him referred to him as being of the \"sapient, soft and melancholy strain\", but records show he had a reputation for severity. A list of the sentences he passed in 1815 (kept at the Old Court House, Downpatrick Museum) include a number of death sentences—one for stealing a horse. An anecdote survives of someone inquiring of his Christian name, which was met with the reply, \"I cannot tell what it is, but I know what it is not, it is not Hugh\". In 1780, he married Sarah Fiddes (1765–1853), daughter of John Fiddes, Attorney of Dublin, by his wife Catherine Walsh of Lislea, Co. Monaghan. They were the parents of thirteen children, twelve of whom reached adulthood. The best known of their children was Sir Richard Mayne, the first joint Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis. Edward and Sarah Mayne were the grandparents of Richard Charles Mayne and John Dawson Mayne. Edward Mayne The Hon. Edward Mayne (August 1756 – 7 May 1829) was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Ireland (1805–1816) and afterwards Judge of The Court of the King's Bench (1816–1818)."
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Giselle Fernández Giselle Fernández (born May 15, 1961) is an American television journalist. Her appearances on network television include reporting and guest anchoring for \"CBS Early Show\", \"CBS Evening News\", \"NBC Today\", \"NBC Nightly News\", regular host for \"Access Hollywood\", and guest on \"Dancing with the Stars\". Fernández was born in Mexico City and was brought to East Los Angeles in the United States at the age of four. Her Catholic father was a flamenco dancer, while her Jewish mother was a student of Mexican folklore. She attended California State University, Sacramento, where she graduated in 1982 earning her B.A. in Journalism and Government. Her television career began in 1983 with brief stops at KRDO-TV in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and then KEYT-TV in Santa Barbara, California. In 1985 she joined KTLA in Los Angeles as a reporter and weekend anchor. She was recommended to KTLA by actor Fess Parker, who lived in the Santa Barbara area and was a friend of KTLA's news managing director at the time. Two years later Fernandez moved to CBS-owned WBBM-TV in Chicago, and in 1989 to WCIX CBS's newly owned station in Miami. In 1988 she garnered some controversy in Chicago when she went boating with John Cappas, a drug dealer being sought by authorities, then accompanied him to his arrest by federal agents. She gained her first national news job in October 1991 for CBS News, when she moved to New York City and became a correspondent and back-up anchor for the morning, evening, and weekend news broadcasts. She later moved to NBC, where she anchored the weekend edition of the \"Today Show\" and filled in for Brian Williams on the weekend edition of \"NBC Nightly News\", and undertook various special reporting assignments in the U.S. and elsewhere. During this period of national news coverage, Fernández reported on the crisis from Cuban immigration, unrest in Haiti, the 1989 U.S. invasion of Panama, the trial of the conspirators from the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, and a scud missile attack while covering the Persian Gulf War. She was invited to make a rare interview of Fidel Castro, then president of Cuba. From 1996 to 1999, Fernández was the co-host for \"Access Hollywood\", an entertainment news program on NBC. She then co-hosted the \"This Week in History\" show on the History Channel. In October 2001, she returned to Los Angeles and rejoined KTLA. She left this position in August 2003 to pursue a variety of special projects, including making a movie and writing children's books. In 2004, her book titled \"Gigi and the Birthday Ring\" was published through the Laredo Publishing Company. She is president of Skinny Hippo Productions, her own production company, and is co-president of F Squared Productions, where she is a developer of film and television projects. Fernández has won five Emmy Awards for journalism. She is a member of the Smithsonian National Board for Latino Initiatives and has worked on the board of trustees of the Children's Hospital Los Angeles. In 2006, she was named the year's Outstanding Philanthropist by the Association of Fundraising Professionals. While in Chicago, she met Ron Kershaw, who was previously involved with Jessica Savitch. The two were engaged, but Kershaw died of pancreatic cancer and liver cancer. A month later her father died of Alzheimer's disease. In 2002, she married British executive John Farrand, former CEO of Panavision, Inc.; they had a daughter, Talei. The couple separated in April 2014. Fernández participated as a contestant on the second season of ABC's \"Dancing With The Stars\" in January 2006, but was the third contestant to be eliminated. She partnered with Jonathan Roberts and had an average of 23 points. Giselle Fernández Giselle Fernández (born May 15, 1961) is an American television journalist. Her appearances on network television include reporting and guest anchoring for \"CBS Early Show\", \"CBS Evening News\", \"NBC Today\", \"NBC Nightly News\", regular host for \"Access Hollywood\", and guest on \"Dancing with the Stars\". Fernández was born in Mexico City and was brought to East Los Angeles in the United States at the age of four. Her Catholic father was a flamenco dancer, while her Jewish mother was a student of Mexican folklore. She attended"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Union Sportsmen's Alliance The Union Sportsmen’s Alliance (USA) is a union-operated, union-dedicated, conservation organization. It is committed to uniting the more than six million active and retired AFL-CIO trade union members who hunt, fish, shoot and recreate outdoors into one community with a shared commitment to educate future generations of sportsmen and sportswomen, conserve healthy wildlife habitat and volunteer their time and skills for projects that improve outdoor access for all. The Union Sportsmen's Alliance goal is to become North America's largest community of Union sportsmen and women committed to preserving our outdoor heritage for generations to come. The USA is non-partisan and does not take positions on or endorse political agendas, parties or candidates. This statement does not reflect, in any way, on how the USA's participating unions communicate with their members on political, legislative or policy issues. In 2007 the Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Partnership and Union leaders saw a unique opportunity to form a union-dedicated conservation based organization—the Union Sportsmen's Alliance. It was founded on January 15, 2007 at the SHOT (Shooting, Hunting, and Outdoor Trades) Show in Orlando, FL. In May 2010, just three years after its creation, the Union Sportsmen's Alliance grew strong enough to become a stand-alone hunting, fishing and conservation organization with more than 20,000 members from across the U.S. and Canada. In the fall of 2013, the Union Sportsmen's Alliance achieved a new milestone by surpassing 100,000 members. Union Sportsmen's Alliance The Union Sportsmen’s Alliance (USA) is a union-operated, union-dedicated, conservation organization. It is committed to uniting the more than six million active and retired AFL-CIO trade union members who hunt, fish, shoot and recreate outdoors into one community with a shared commitment to educate future generations of sportsmen and sportswomen, conserve healthy wildlife habitat and volunteer their time and skills for projects"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Kevin Sieff Kevin Sieff is an American journalist who became the \"Washington Post\"'s Africa bureau chief in 2014. He was previously the paper's Kabul bureau chief for three years. He attended Brown University and the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies. Previously, he was a reporter for the \"Financial Times\" based in Washington D.C. He has also written for \"The Guardian\". In 2013, he was a finalist for the Livingston Award for \"Field of Danger,\" which exposed the danger to civilians posed by a U.S. firing range in Afghanistan. In 2016, he was a finalist for the Livingston Award for a series on the migrant route from Sub-Saharan Africa to Europe. Kevin Sieff Kevin Sieff is an American journalist who became the \"Washington Post\"'s Africa bureau chief in 2014. He was previously the paper's Kabul bureau chief for three years. He attended Brown University and the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies. Previously, he was a reporter for the \"Financial Times\" based in Washington D.C. He has also written for \"The Guardian\". In 2013, he was a finalist for the Livingston Award for \"Field of Danger,\" which exposed the danger to civilians posed by a U.S. firing range"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"W. Richard West Sr. Walter Richard \"Dick\" West Sr. (1912–1996) was a Southern Cheyenne painter, sculptor, and educator from Oklahoma and an honored member of the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes. Dick West, as he was commonly known, was born on September 8, 1912, in a tipi near the Darlington Agency in Oklahoma. His father was Lightfoot West. West's mother was Rena Flying Coyote, also known as Emily Black Wolf, whose parents were Big Belly Woman and Thunder Bull. West's Cheyenne name, Wapah Nahyah means \"Lightfooted Runner.\" West attended Concho Indian Boarding School and then Haskell Institute in Lawrence, Kansas, when it was still a high school. West graduated from high school in 1935. One of his earliest artistic mentors was the Arapaho painter, Carl Sweezy. From 1936 to 1938, West attended Bacone College in Muskogee, Oklahoma, where he earned an AA degree. At Bacone, West studied under the celebrated Muscogee-Pawnee-Wichita artist, Acee Blue Eagle. As a young man, West played football and worked in oil fields. At the University of Oklahoma (OU), West earned a BFA degree in 1941 and an MFA degree in 1950. While at OU, he studied under the Swedish artist Oscar Jacobson, who mentored the Kiowa Six. West felt that Jacobson's active support of Native Americans helped him cope with widespread racial prejudice that he encountered in Norman. In 1941 and 1942, West moved to Phoenix, Arizona, where he studying mural painting under Olle Nordmark, a Swedish sculptor. West then continued his post-graduate studies at Northeastern State University, University of Tulsa, and Redlands College. In 1940, West married Maribelle McCrea. In 1970, he married his second wife, Rene Wagoner. He had two sons, W. Richard West Jr. and James Lee West. In 1941, West began his first teaching assignment at the Phoenix Indian School but then joined the US Navy to fight in Europe in World War II from 1942 to 1946. Upon his honorable discharge, West returned to teaching at the Phoenix Indian School, then chaired the art department at Bacone College from 1947 to 1970. From 1970 to 1977, West taught art at Haskell Indian Junior College. From his teaching, he influenced innumerable Native artists. His students included such successful artists as Joan Hill, Enoch Kelly Haney, Johnny Tiger Jr., Sharron Ahtone Harjo, Marlene Riding In-Mameah, and Virginia Stroud. From 1979 to 1980, West served as professor emeritus at Bacone College. Dick West was a master of flat-style painting, that drew upon the pictorial and narrative aspects of Plains hide painting. Flat style painting frequently portrays tribal dances and histories. His works portrayed Cheyenne culture, as informed by his highly traditional upbringing. A complete departure from that style was West's \"Indian Christ\" series, which were lush, allegorical oil paintings of New Testament stories with Native American figures, set in the Southern Plains. Through this series, West wanted to portray the universality of Jesus. Although flat-style is what he is best known for, West also painted abstract and highly stylized works in oil, watercolor, tempera, and gouache. He illustrated four books and also sculpted in wood and metal. The Section of Painting and Sculpture commissioned West to paint a mural for the U.S. Post Office of Okemah, Oklahoma in 1941. He won two grand awards from the Philbrook Museum. In 1964, he won the Waite Phillips Outstanding Indian Artist Award from the Philbrook Museum of Art. In 1962, the Eastern Baptist College awarded him an honorary doctorates in humane letters, as did the Baker University, in 1976. From 1979-80, West was a commissioner on the Indian Arts and Crafts Board. West's work can be found in the following public art collections: Dick West died on May 3, 1996. \"[T]he Indian artist must be allowed freedom to absorb influences outside of his own art forms and see the promise of a new lane of expression that should keep the Indian's art the art form termed 'native Indian painting,' and I give my student every opportunity to execute it... I have always felt that the term abstraction has been a part of the Indian's artistic thinking longer than most European contemporary influences and perhaps in a [truer] form...\" —Dick West, 1955 W. Richard West Sr. Walter Richard"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Tsunku He is best known for having two major roles in the Japanese music landscape: first as the lead singer of the popular rock group Sharam Q, and now as the producer, primary composer, lyricist, and (until 2014) primary studio backing vocalist for highly popular idol group Morning Musume, in addition to Aya Matsuura and other associated idols under the Hello! Project banner, for whom he has written and produced the vast majority of their chart-topping hits. He has also produced music for other Japanese artists, including Ayumi Hamasaki's . As his musical influences he cites The Beatles, Japanese popular music (especially kayōkyoku), American and European hits being played on the radio when he was a schoolboy, disco acts such as Chic, Kool & the Gang and Earth, Wind & Fire, and bands like Duran Duran and The Power Station. In June 2006, Tsunku married , a 25-year-old former model from Fukuoka. The couple have fraternal twins (one boy, one girl) born in 2008 and one daughter who was born in 2011. Tsunku later worked with Nintendo and J.P.ROOM to create the music video game, Rhythm Tengoku. It was released for the Game Boy Advance exclusively in Japan on August 3, 2006, and later as an arcade machine on September 20, 2007. He also worked on \"Rhythm Tengoku Gold\" (Released in the US as \"Rhythm Heaven\" and in Europe as \"Rhythm Paradise\") for the Nintendo DS, \"Minna no Rhythm Tengoku\" (\"Rhythm Heaven Fever\" in the US, Beat the Beat: Rhythm Paradise in Europe) for the Wii, and Rhythm Tengoku: The Best Plus (\"Rhythm Heaven Megamix\" in the US, \"Rhythm Paradise Megamix\" in Europe) for the Nintendo 3DS. On October 1, 2006, it was announced that Tsunku had created a new company called TNX consisting of singers such as Ami Tokito and other people including Tatsuya Naka, a magician who appeared on Hello! Morning. On September 26, 2007, Tsunku released a compilation album with the temporary title of \"\"Sharam Q ~ Morning Musume\" ~Tsunku 15 Years in Entertainment Commemoration Album~\", containing songs by both Sharam Q and Morning Musume, and another one on December 5, 2007 titled \"Tsunku Best Work Collection\", containing songs sung by Tsunku himself. Tsunku is responsible for majority of the musical composition and lyrics in Hello! Project, noticeably for Morning Musume where all of their singles have ranked in the Oricon Weekly Singles Top 5 (excluding \"Morning Coffee\" and \"Mikan\"). Arranging is typically left to outside parties with track records in arranging popular anime and game music. His works are mainly pop-oriented with catchy melodies and romantic, idealistic and sometimes even humorous lyrics, the latter in particular often being pitched to appeal to a young audience. However, many of the female vocalists who perform his songs have a large, dedicated fan base composed of older male wota, as well as male fans who are \"not\" wota, both of whom are usually in their twenties and thirties, and occasionally older. Some of his works in the late 2000s were particularly mature and hard-hitting (considering the ages of the girls singing them), such as the Morning Musume singles \"Kanashimi Twilight, \"Onna ni Sachi Are\" and \"Resonant Blue\". Although his own work as a soloist and in Sharam Q tends to lean towards pop-rock, he is best known for working with various arrangers to create highly melodic, richly-textured sequencer-driven electronic dance music which often features synthesizers, as well as guitar riffs and solos which sometimes hint at hard rock or heavy metal influences (such as in Morning Musume's \"Ambitious! Yashinteki de Ii Jan\" and Cute's \"Forever Love\"). Typical vocal arrangements in the songs he writes for Hello! Project's groups tend to revolve around the members taking turns at singing lines and sometimes even small parts of lines in succession, building up to a chorus in which most (if not all) members sing in unison rather than using vocal harmonies; any harmonies that \"are\" present in the songs are often sung by other people (including Tsunku himself, who records his backing vocals so as to appear to sing \"along with\" the girls on their studio recordings during key parts of songs such as during choruses and on certain phrases, in a voice an octave lower than theirs). However, there have been some exceptions, such as the Morning Musume songs \"Morning Coffee\", \"Furusato\", \"Memory Seishun no Hikari\", \"Love Machine\" and \"I Wish\", where most (if not all) of the backing vocals were sung by the group's members themselves. Furthermore, in the past few years, it has become even more common for members of Hello! Project's groups to provide the backing vocals for their songs themselves. Recent years have also seen Hello! Project moving in a new direction musically, with prominent elements of dubstep and electro being incorporated into much of their recorded output, resulting in songs which seem at times to be almost experimental in style, at least by idol music standards. Tsunku is also involved in . As a result of the Japanese earthquake 2011, Tsunku wrote a song titled \"Love is here ~Kibou no Hikari~\", dedicated to the victims. Tsunku is one of the many Japanese celebrities who have stepped up to support the victims and their loved ones. In March 2014, Tsunku announced on his blog that he had laryngeal cancer, which he found out after having throat surgery due to an unspecified condition. He also stated that he has been seeking treatment for it. On April 4, 2015, Tsunku revealed that he had his vocal cords removed as part of his cancer treatment. In his memoir, \"Dakara, Ikiru\", which was published in September 2015, it was revealed that he stepped down as Hello! Project's General Manager sometime after Morning Musume's New York concert that happened on October 5, 2014. He still remains involved with Morning Musume as its Sound Producer. Tsunku He is best known for having two major roles in the Japanese music landscape: first as the lead singer of the popular rock group Sharam Q, and"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Phar Hmee Daw Phar Hmee (, also Phwar Hmee or Phwar Mhe; 1902 – 1962) was the first woman barrister from Myanmar. She practised as a barrister after she was called to the bar from the Inner Temple in 1925. Phar was born on 1902 in Rangoon, British Burma, she was the eldest daughter of a well respected civil servant in Rangoon. After studying at University College, Rangoon, she came to London, to study for the Bar. In 1924, she applied to become a student at the Inner Temple. Her application included a reference from Harvey Adamson who had been Lieutenant Governor of Burma, from 1910 to 1915. In 1924, she applied to become a student at the Inner Temple, with a reference from Harvey Adamson, who had been Lieutenant Governor of Burma from 1910 to 1915. Phar Hmee was called to the Bar by the Inner Temple in 1925. She married to Myint Thein, who had also read law and was called to the Bar by Lincoln's Inn in 1925. Upon their return to Burma, Phar Hmee became the first woman to practise before the Courts in Burma. Her husband Myint Thein became Burmese ambassador to Nanking, Beijing and the United Nations, before becoming Chief Justice of Burma from, 1957 to 1962. When the military regime seized power in 1962, Daw Phar Hmee and Myint Thein refused to cooperate, and Myint Thein was imprisoned. She passed away in 1962 aged 60, whilst her husband was in prison. Phar Hmee Daw Phar Hmee (, also Phwar Hmee or Phwar Mhe; 1902 – 1962) was the first woman barrister from Myanmar. She practised as a barrister after she was called to the bar from the Inner Temple in 1925. Phar was born on 1902 in Rangoon, British Burma, she was the"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"IvanAnywhere IvanAnywhere is a simple, remote-controlled telepresence robot created by Sybase iAnywhere programmers to enable their co-worker, Ivan Bowman, to telecommute to work more efficiently. The robot enables Bowman to be virtually present at conferences and presentations, and to discuss product development with other developers face-to-face. IvanAnywhere is powered by SAP's mobile database product, SQL Anywhere. Ivan Bowman has been a software developer at Sybase/iAnywhere/SAP since 1993, and now is an Engineering Director at SAP Canada. In 2002 his wife received a job in Halifax approximately from his place of work in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, North America. His employers allowed him to telecommunicate initially via email, instant messenger, and phone. Using speakerphone during meetings was less than ideal because Ivan could not see his co-workers' visual communication clues, or what they wrote on the white board. The first solution was a stationary webcam with a speaker, which was kept in the corner of the office. The problem with this method was that the webcam was just that – stationary. Ivan could not see people if they were not standing near the webcam. More frustrating, perhaps, was that Ivan could hear distant conversations through the webcam's microphone, but was unable to contribute to the conversation if the impromptu meeting did not take place in his visual range. In November 2005, iAnywhere programmer Ian McHardy and Director of Engineering Glenn Paulley (Ivan’s immediate manager) conceived the idea of IvanAnywhere after Glenn saw a television commercial for a remote controlled toy blimp. In January 2007, after considering different possible designs and getting through a number of deadlines related to iAnywhere releases, Ian started working on a proof-of-concept: a tablet computer and webcam mounted on a radio-controlled toy truck. In February 2007, even though the truck was challenging to drive and the webcam was only a few inches above the floor, Ivan was able to successfully drive the proof-of-concept from Halifax. In May 2007, Ivan started using Ian's full version daily. The full version of IvanAnywhere consists of a wheeled base with 24-volt SuperDroid Robots motors. The motor and wheel assemblies support \"tank drive\" so that Ivan can negotiate through doorways and meeting rooms more easily. Above the motors sits a box filled with wires, various electronics, and batteries which power the robot for a full work day. The entire robot weighs approximately 40 kg. A 1.5 meter (5 foot) aluminum bar supports a webcam with a gray foam ball mounted above it. The robot is equipped with a webcam, speakers, microphone, and a tablet computer with a live feed from Bowman's webcam to help coworkers to communicate with him more naturally. Infrared proximity sensors keep the robot from bumping into walls and cubicles. The tablet PC mounted on IvanAnywhere runs a SQL Anywhere database server. One of the tasks of the SQL Anywhere database is to retain monitoring statistics on a wide variety of controls and sensors on the robot. This is so that Ian can monitor how far the robot travels in any particular period, how many times the proximity sensors have halted the robot's motion, the robot's network connectivity uptime, and other related statistics. Ivan \"drives\" the robot from his home office in Halifax using a two-joystick PC gaming console. One joystick controls the webcam, the other the robot's drive system. In October 2007, a digital camera was mounted on the bar so that Ivan could take high-resolution pictures of whiteboards, presentation slides, and overheads, or just look out the window. The robot needs to be recharged at the end of every work day. Until recently, this required a Waterloo co-worker to plug it in before leaving for the night. In May 2008, Ian constructed a charging bay out of lumber that Ivan \"drives\" into - copper bars attached to the robot connect to copper springs on the charging unit which are directly connected to the battery charger and enabled through a relay circuit so that the charging bars are not live unless the robot is in the bay. The charging bay permits Ivan to recharge the robot at his convenience, and without assistance. IvanAnywhere is very popular with other people in the building and the SAP Engineering floor has become a regular stop on visitor tours of the SAP building. Although most of Bowman's colleagues treat IvanAnywhere as one of their own, people who aren't used to the robot are sometimes uncomfortable talking to it instead of a human being. IvanAnywhere IvanAnywhere is a simple, remote-controlled telepresence robot created by Sybase iAnywhere programmers to enable their co-worker, Ivan Bowman, to telecommute to work more efficiently. The robot enables Bowman to be virtually present at conferences and presentations, and to discuss product development with other developers face-to-face. IvanAnywhere is powered by SAP's mobile database product, SQL Anywhere. Ivan Bowman has been"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Tennessee State Route 186 State Route 186 (SR 186) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It runs from Trenton southward to Jackson, passing through the towns of Gibson and Three Way along the way. The southern portion serves as a western bypass for the city of Jackson. SR 186 begins as a 2-lane secondary highway in Gibson County in Trenton at an intersection with US 45W slightly southeast of downtown and is known as Gibson Highway. It goes southeast through farmland to have an intersection with SR 420 to enter the town of Gibson, where it passes through downtown and has an intersection with US 79/US 70A/SR 76. (It is known as Main Street in Gibson). From here, SR 186 continues south (as just Highway 186) through farmland to have a short concurrency with SR 187 and have an intersection with SR 152 before crossing into Madison County. SR 186 south through farmland to enter Three Way and has an intersection and becomes concurrent with US 45E/SR 43, where it becomes a 4-land divided highway, as well as it becomes an unsigned primary highway. They go southwest and almost immediately come to an interchange with US 45W/SR 5, where SR 43 ends and US 45E and US 45W merge to become US 45, which SR 5 and SR 186 follow south. They continue south for about before coming to an interchange with Highland Street, where US 45/SR 5 branch off and SR 186 follows US 45 Bypass. US 45 Bypass/ SR 186 (also known as the Keith Short Bypass) continue south around the western side of the city of Jackson through suburban areas as a 4 to 6 lane expressway, where it has interchanges with Vann Drive, I-40/US 412 (Exit 80 A/B), an at-grade intersection with US 412 Bus/SR 20, and an interchange with Hollywood Drive. US 45 Bypass/SR 186 then come to an intersection and become concurrent with US 70/SR 1, where it makes a sudden sharp turn to the east to enter downtown, where it becomes an at-grade surface route before US 45 Bypass and SR 186 both come to an end at an intersection with US 45/SR 5. The portion of SR 186 from Three Way to Downtown Jackson is unsigned. The city of Jackson along with TDOT is planning on re-routing SR 186 (along with US 45 Bypass) away from downtown. Under the current plans, it would extend the bypass south across the Forked Deer River and connect it with US 45 in South Jackson. It would route through traffic away from the central business district and give another crossing for South Jackson commuters. Tennessee State Route 186 State Route 186 (SR 186) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It runs from Trenton southward to Jackson, passing through the towns of Gibson and Three Way along the way. The southern portion serves as a western bypass for the city of Jackson. SR 186 begins as a 2-lane secondary"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Eric Schaps Eric Schaps (born September 16, 1942) is an education researcher and founder of the Developmental Studies Center (DSC), a nonprofit educational studies organization. He established the nonprofit in Oakland, California in 1980. Schaps is the founder of Developmental Studies Center in Oakland, CA He also serves as Executive Consultant for the Collaborative for Academic, Social and Emotional Learning (CASEL). He is the author of three books and 75 book chapters and articles on education, program evaluation, and prevention of problem behaviors. He has been principal investigator on $85,000,000 of grants from public and philanthropic sources. His honors include the Science to Practice Award from the Society for Prevention Research, the Sandy Award for Lifetime Achievement in Character Education from the Character Education Partnership, and an honorary doctorate from the University of Missouri. He is a contributing author for Educating for Humanity: Rethinking the Purposes of Education. He was a participant in the CHARACTER COUNTS! Aspen Summit Conference. He was a researcher on Getting Results: Developing Safe and Healthy Kids, Update 5: Student Health, Supportive Schools, and Academic Success. He is featured on the Maryland Center for Character Education, Monthly Featured Best Practices for his \"Eleven Principals of Effective Character Education\" with Tom Lickona and Catherine Lewis. Schaps received his PhD in social psychology from Northwestern University where he also did his undergraduate work. Eric Schaps Eric Schaps (born September 16, 1942) is an education researcher and founder of the Developmental Studies Center (DSC), a nonprofit educational studies organization. He established the nonprofit in Oakland, California in 1980. Schaps is the founder of Developmental Studies Center in Oakland, CA He also serves as Executive Consultant for the Collaborative for Academic, Social and Emotional Learning (CASEL). He is the author of three books and 75 book chapters and articles on"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Burton Coliseum The Burton Coliseum, built in 1976, is located in Lake Charles, Louisiana. The arena contains a domed roof and stands 105 feet from the floor to the top of the roof. It and other buildings in the Burton Complex serve many purposes. The coliseum served as home to the McNeese State Cowboys and McNeese State Cowgirls basketball teams from 1986 to 2018. The Health and Human Performance Education Complex will be the primary home venue for both teams beginning with the 2018–19 basketball seasons. In basketball configuration, the coliseum has a total seating capacity of 8,500 including 6,500-permanent seat multi-purpose arena and 2,000 in temporary seating. Additional uses for Burton Coliseum include rodeos, equestrian events, concerts (seating capacity up to 9,882), trade shows, and conventions. The coliseum is used for the Louisiana Region 5 Science & Engineering Fair every year. At each semester's end, McNeese State University hosts its graduation there. It is also used for graduations for some high schools in the area. It hosted the Southland Conference men's basketball tournament in 2002. The Burton Coliseum is one component of a multi-building fifty (50) acre site. Buildings in the Burton Complex include the following: The complex has been used for numerous events including education events, western events, McNeese State basketball and rodeo competition, high school tournaments, flea markets, and livestock shows. Around 200 events are held at the complex each year. The late State Representative Conway LeBleu received posthumously induction in 2014 into the Southwest District Livestock Show and Rodeo because of his work in securing funding when the Burton Coliseum, the home of the show, faced the possibility of closing. His efforts kept the structure in use for several years until a local maintenance tax was passed. LeBleu supported the livestock show and rodeo further by donating prize money and awards. Burton Coliseum The Burton Coliseum, built in 1976, is located in Lake Charles, Louisiana. The arena contains a domed roof and stands 105 feet from the floor to the top of the roof. It and other buildings in the Burton Complex serve many purposes. The coliseum served as home to the McNeese State Cowboys and McNeese State Cowgirls basketball teams from 1986 to 2018. The Health and Human Performance Education Complex will be the primary home venue for both teams beginning with the 2018–19 basketball seasons. In basketball configuration, the coliseum has a total seating"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Peter Faucett Peter Faucett (1813 – 22 May 1894) was an Australian barrister, jurist and politician. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council between 1888 and 1894 and a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly between 1856 and 1865. He held the position of Solicitor-General in the first government of James Martin. Faucett was the son of a Dublin blacksmith. He was educated at Trinity College and subsequently studied law. He was called to the Irish Bar in 1845 and emigrated to Sydney in 1852 where he established a large, private legal practice. Faucett was as a member of the first New South Wales Legislative Assembly which was elected after the establishment of responsible self-government in 1856. He was elected as the member for King and Georgiana and retained the seat, unopposed, at the 1858 colonial election. Faucett was not a candidate at the 1859 election and was an unsuccessful candidate at the 1859 East Maitland by-election caused by the resignation of Joseph Chambers who had accepted a position as Crown Prosecutor in the Western Districts of New South Wales. Faucett was also unsuccessful at a ministerial by-election for the four member seat of East Sydney in November 1859 but eventually re-entered parliament as the member for that seat after winning a 1860 by-election caused by the resignation of Charles Cowper. However he was subsequently defeated at the general election held later that year. Faucett again entered parliament as the member for Yass Plains at a 1861 by-election caused by the resignation, due to ill-health of the incumbent Henry O'Brien. He retained the seat until his resignation from the Assembly in 1865 to accept an appointment to the bench of the New South Wales Supreme Court. After retiring from the bench in 1888 he accepted a life appointment to the Legislative Council, which he retained until his death. Faucett was a founder of St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney and St John's College, University of Sydney. Faucett's only ministerial appointment was as Solicitor-General in the first government of James Martin. It has been said that his career in public office was unspectacular but he had an earnest desire to see justice done and was a \"plain-spoken, sober-sided, solid man\". Peter Faucett Peter Faucett (1813 – 22 May 1894) was an Australian barrister, jurist and politician. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Mikey McCleary Michael \"Mikey\" McCleary is an Indian-born New Zealand songwriter, composer, performer, producer and director living in Mumbai, India since 2007. He has worked on a large number of advertisements such as for brands like Levi's, Coca-Cola, Vodafone etc. and films such as Waiting, Margarita with a straw, Shaitan, Shanghai, David, Bombay Velvet, Nautanki Saala, Shaadi Ke Side Effects, Shaandaar etc. Besides his prolific work on soundtracks for ad-films, background scores and songs for Bollywood films, he is also well known for his re-interpretations of old Bollywood songs under the stage name of \"The Bartender\", most notably Khoya Khoya Chand and Hawa Hawai from \"Shaitan\", Neend Na Mujhko Aaye and Eena Meena Deeka from \"Shaandaar\", Fifi from \"Bombay Velvet\", O Lal Meri / Mast Kalandar from \"David\" and Dhak Dhak from \"Nautanki Saala\". He has also released a one-of-its-kind album of full-length versions of some of his most popular advertisement jingles called TV Dinners. McCleary is a New Zealander who was born in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. He lived and worked in London, England for nearly fifteen years and is currently based primarily in Mumbai, India. He studied Composition and Orchestration at the Wellington Conservatorium of Music and at Victoria University of Wellington, then worked as a music producer in London at the Trident Studios among other places. He is married to writer and actor Diksha Basu. McCleary began his career in the Indian industry with a collaboration with Lucky Ali. He was responsible for the music behind the album Sunoh and all subsequent Lucky Ali albums and he has also worked regularly with A. R. Rahman. He is the talent behind some of the most successful and recognisable tracks for India's biggest advertising campaigns including Vodafone, Coca-Cola, Levi's, Titan, Garnier, Lakme, Reliance, Canon, Sony, Pond's, Cadbury Dairy Milk and countless more. In addition to advertising, McCleary continues to make his mark in Bollywood. He composed & produced all the tracks and background music for the recently released film \"Waiting\". In 2015 he won the Best Composer Award for the Film \"Margarita with a Straw\" at the Asian Film Awards. He also created the critically acclaimed background score for Dibakar Banerjee's 2012 political thriller \"Shanghai\" as well as contributing music for several other films including \"Shaitan\", \"Kahaani\", \"Love Sex aur Dhokha\", \"Shaandaar\", \"Bombay Velvet\" and \"Chennai Express\". He composed the background score and a few tracks for Bejoy Nambiar's second film, \"David\" and then turned into a full-fledged Bollywood music director for Rohan Sippy's 2013 film, \"Nautanki Saala\". He also created the background score and one track for the 2014 film, \"Shaadi Ke Side Effects\". \"TV Dinners\" was McCleary's debut album of English songs. The album consists of songs that Mccleary composed and wrote for major TV advertising brands like Vodafone, Levi's, Audi, Titan and Lakmé. He has extended these 45-second jingles into full songs by adding new composition and lyrics so that instead of sounding like jingles, they sound like tracks from various artists that were placed in TV ad films. Featuring his own vocals on half the album, it also features the singers Anushka Manchanda, Shalmali Kholgade, Monica Dogra and Mauli Dave. Five music videos directed by him have been released for tracks from this album. Going by the stage name of The Bartender, McCleary has three albums released, \"Classic Bollywood: Shaken not Stirred\" (2011), \"B Seventy\" (2013) and \"Classic Bollywood With A Twis\"t (2014). The first album re-invents Bollywood songs from the '50s and '60s in a jazzy, seductive style and includes hit songs such as Khoya Khoya Chand (featured in Bejoy Nambiar's film Shaitan) and Tum Jo Mil Gaye Ho from the Coca-Cola advertisement directed by Dibakar Banerjee. The second album, \"B Seventy\", was created in honour of Amitabh Bachchan and was released as a dedication to him on his 70th birthday. It features revamped versions of his most iconic hit film songs, combining reggae, cabaret and motown while staying true to the original soul of the songs. The third album, \"Classic Bollywood with a Twist\", was launched by Bollywood actor Ranveer Singh. In this album, McCleary has chosen some of the most loved songs from the 50s, 60s and 70s and reinterpreted them with jazzy, seductive and mischievous flare using various genres and a predominantly live band feel. McCleary has been quoted saying, 'A beautiful song is like a beautiful woman. The musical arrangements are like the clothes that she wears. The music recordings, much like clothes, may appear old and outdated to the younger generation, but the beauty of the song composition and lyrics are eternal. My goal is to give that beautiful song new clothes that suit and enhance her beauty for all to see afresh and enjoy. I personally also still love listening to the old recordings.' The Bartender as an artist includes Suman Sridhar, Shalmali Kholgade, Shibani Dandekar, Rachel Varghese, Saba Azad and Mauli Dave on vocals, Vinay Lobo on guitar, Aditya Ashok on drums, Anand Bhagat on percussions, Ramon Ibrahim on keyboards, Rhys D'Souza on saxophone, Kishore Sodha on trumpet and Mikey McCleary on bass. It has in the past also included Anushka Manchanda, Monica Dogra and Sagarika Mukherjee on vocals, Merlin D'Souza on keyboards, and Warren Mendonsa on guitar. 18) http://kamlashow.com/2015/04/16/podcast-mikey-mccleary-on-creating-music-for-bollywood/ Mikey McCleary Michael \"Mikey\" McCleary is an Indian-born New Zealand songwriter, composer, performer, producer and director living in Mumbai, India since 2007. He has worked on a"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Minuscule 406 Minuscule 406 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 130 (in Soden's numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. It contains marginalia. The codex contains the text of the four Gospels on 297 parchment leaves () with some lacunae (Mark 4:41-5:14; Luke 3:16-4:4; John 20:3-21:25). The text is written in one column per page, in 18 lines per page. The text is divided according to numbers of the (\"chapters\") at the margin, the (\"titles\") at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections, but it does not contain references to the Eusebian Canons. It contains tables of the κεφαλαια (\"tables of contents\") before each Gospel. Lectionary markings were added at the margin by a later hand. The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Caesarean text-type. Hermann von Soden classified it to the Ι. Kurt Aland the Greek text of the codex did not place in any Category. According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual family K in Luke 1 and Luke 20. In Luke 10 no profile was made. Wiedmann and J. G. J. Braun collated portions of the manuscript for Scholz (1794-1852). The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scholz. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1886. The manuscript is currently housed at the Biblioteca Marciana (Gr. I. 11) in Venice. Minuscule 406 Minuscule 406 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 130 (in Soden's numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. It contains marginalia. The codex contains the text of the four Gospels on 297 parchment leaves () with some lacunae (Mark 4:41-5:14;"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Corey Foster Corey J. Foster (born October 27, 1969 in Ottawa, Ontario) is a Canadian retired ice hockey defenceman. Foster was drafted 12th overall by the New Jersey Devils in the 1988 NHL Entry Draft. As well as the Devils, he played in the National Hockey League for the Philadelphia Flyers, Pittsburgh Penguins and the New York Islanders. He played a total of 45 regular season games, scoring 5 goals and 11 points, he also played 3 playoff games for Pittsburgh during the 1995–96 NHL season. After leaving the Islanders, Foster spent four seasons playing in Japan and also played in Germany's Deutsche Eishockey Liga for one season. He retired in 2005 after a season with Elmira Jackals. Corey Foster Corey J. Foster (born October 27, 1969 in Ottawa, Ontario) is a Canadian retired ice hockey defenceman. Foster was drafted 12th overall by the New Jersey Devils in the 1988 NHL Entry Draft. As well as the Devils, he played in the National Hockey League for the Philadelphia Flyers, Pittsburgh Penguins and the New York Islanders. He played a total of 45 regular season games, scoring 5 goals and 11 points, he also played 3 playoff games for Pittsburgh during"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Ryan Nugent-Hopkins Ryan Jarromie Noel Nugent-Hopkins (born April 12, 1993) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently serving as an alternate captain for the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected first overall by the Oilers in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft. Nugent-Hopkins played most of his minor hockey for the Burnaby Winter Club in his hometown, while attending Burnaby North Secondary. In 2005, he led his team to a quarter-final berth in the annual Quebec Pee-Wee Tournament, and later in the season captured a provincial championship. He was the captain of the Burnaby Winter Club Bruins when he was drafted first overall in the 2008 Western Hockey League (WHL) Bantam Draft by the Red Deer Rebels. In 2007 and 2008, he played in the Western Canada Bantam Championships. The Burnaby Winter Club Bruins captured the gold medal in 2007 and the silver medal in 2008. Nugent-Hopkins was named the tournament MVP in 2008. After being drafted, Nugent-Hopkins played midget hockey for the Vancouver NW Giants during the 2008–09 season. During the 2008 Mac's AAA midget hockey tournament, Nugent-Hopkins was named the Tournament MVP and earned a spot on the All-Star Team. Nugent-Hopkins was named the 2008 BC Minor Hockey Player of the Year, in recognition of his sportsmanship, leadership and hockey skill. Nugent-Hopkins made his WHL debut with the Rebels as an underage player during the 2008–09 WHL season. He played in five games, scoring two goals and adding four assists. During the 2009–10 season, Nugent-Hopkins played in 67 games, scoring 24 goals and adding 41 assists. He was awarded the WHL rookie of the year award. He was also a finalist for the CHL Rookie of the Year Award, but lost to Matt Puempel of the Peterborough Petes. In their pre-season rankings for the 2011 National Hockey League (NHL) Entry Draft, the International Scouting Service ranked Nugent-Hopkins sixth overall, the second highest WHL player after Vancouver Giants defenceman David Musil. E. J. McGuire, the Director of the NHL Central Scouting Bureau, said of Nugent-Hopkins, \"He's got great skill and a knack for offense,\" while Cam Moon, the Rebels' play-by-play announcer, called him the best player the team had ever seen. On June 24, 2011, Nugent-Hopkins was selected first overall in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft by the Edmonton Oilers. On July 2, 2011, he agreed to terms with the Oilers on a three-year NHL entry level contract. He played his first game for the Oilers in the team's first game of the 2011–12 season on October 9, a shootout win over the Pittsburgh Penguins. Nugent-Hopkins scored the game-tying goal with less than five minutes remaining against Brent Johnson for the only Oilers tally in regulation. He also blocked two shots and was named the game's third star by sportswriters and broadcasters. In his third NHL game, on October 15, 2011, he scored his first NHL hat-trick in a losing cause against the Vancouver Canucks, setting a new NHL record for the earliest career hat trick for a first overall pick. He also set a new Oilers record for the earliest career hat trick in fewest career games, breaking Gord Sherven's record from 1984 by a margin of two games. On November 2, 2011, Hopkins was named Rookie of the Month for October. On December 1, 2011, it was announced that Nugent-Hopkins was November's NHL Rookie of the Month, earning him the honour for the first two months of the year. He was only the second player to accomplish this feat, after Evgeni Malkin in 2007. On November 19, 2011, Nugent-Hopkins recorded five assists against the Chicago Blackhawks, with a final score of 9–2, becoming the first 18-year-old in NHL history to do so. He was also only the fourth 18-year-old player ever to record five points in a single season game. It was announced that Nugent-Hopkins would have been playing in the all-star game if he had been healthy. Despite missing 20 games in his first NHL season, Nugent-Hopkins tied Gabriel Landeskog for most points by a rookie (Landeskog had 22 goals and 30 assists, while Nugent-Hopkins had 18 goals and 34 assists). On April 23, 2012, Nugent-Hopkins was nominated for the Calder Memorial Trophy along with Gabriel Landeskog of the Colorado Avalanche – the eventual winner – and Adam Henrique of the New Jersey Devils. At the end of the 2012–13 season, it was announced that Nugent-Hopkins would require shoulder surgery in the off-season. On September 19, 2013, Nugent-Hopkins agreed to a seven-year extension with the Oilers worth $42 million with a $6 million per year cap hit. During the 2014–15 season, Nugent-Hopkins was selected to play in the 2015 NHL All-Star game. During the 2017–18 season Nugent-Hopkins was injured and was labelled to be out for five to six weeks. He returned to the lineup in March, almost a month and a half after the initial injury. Shortly after his return, nearing the end of the 2018 season, Nugent-Hopkins was developed into a left winger, to help with teammate Connor McDavid’s line. Despite his line's success, the Oilers failed to make the postseason. He ended the season with 48 points in 62 games. On April 23, 2018, Nugent-Hopkins was nominated for the King Clancy Memorial Trophy which is awarded to the player that best exemplifies leadership qualities and has given back to his community. Nugent-Hopkins started his experience with Hockey Canada by representing Team Pacific at the 2010 World Under-17 Hockey Challenge. He finished the tournament with one goal and four assists in five games. Team Pacific finished the tournament in fifth place. He had the chance to represent Canada at the 2010 Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament held in Slovakia during the summer. He served as an alternate captain on the team, and scored the game-winning goal in the gold medal game against the United States. Nugent-Hopkins finished the tournament as Canada's leading scorer with five goals and two assists in five games. He was also selected to play for the WHL team in the 2010 Subway Super Series. During the 2010–11 season, Nugent-Hopkins was invited to try out at Canada's 2011 National Junior Team selection camp, but was amongst the final players cut. Nugent-Hopkins also competed for Canada at the 2012 WHC, where Canada finished in a disappointing fifth place. Due to the 2012–13 NHL lock-out, Nugent-Hopkins was able to join the Canadian junior team to compete in the 2013 World Juniors and was subsequently named team captain. He led the tournament in scoring with 15 points in six games, but the team was ultimately unable to medal. Nugent-Hopkins had a goal and three assists in a 6–5 overtime loss against Russia in the bronze medal game. The loss ended Canada's 14-year medal streak in the annual world junior tournament. Nugent-Hopkins was a member of Team North America for the 2016 World Cup of Hockey, playing on a line with Auston Matthews and Nathan MacKinnon. Nugent-Hopkins and teammates Connor McDavid and Darnell Nurse were named to the Team Canada's 2018 IIHF World Championship roster. Nugent-Hopkins' parents are Roger Hopkins and Deb Nugent. He has one older brother, Adam Nugent-Hopkins and one half brother, Rick Hopkins. He was born in Burnaby, British Columbia and attended Suncrest Elementary School, and Burnaby North Secondary School, where he participated in the school's hockey academy. Nugent-Hopkins then switched to Hunting Hills High School in Red Deer while playing junior hockey in the Alberta city, which he attended for grades 11 to 12 and graduated from. Ryan Nugent-Hopkins Ryan Jarromie Noel Nugent-Hopkins (born April 12, 1993) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently serving as an alternate captain for the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected first overall by the Oilers in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft. Nugent-Hopkins played most"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Nickel Mountain Nickel Mountain is a 1984 drama film produced in Iceland and the United States written and directed by Drew Denbaum. It stars Michael Cole, Heather Langenkamp, Patrick Cassidy, Grace Zabriskie, and Brian Kerwin. The movie is based on the novel of the same title by American novelist John Gardner. Henry Soames owns a rural diner, and has befriended Willard Freud and Callie Wells. One day Willard and Callie get the news that Callie is pregnant, and Willard leaves her. Henry takes in Callie, and helps her through the pregnancy. They fall in love and get married. All is going well until Willard is back from the road and wants the baby. The film had a limited release in Tulsa, Oklahoma. \"Nickel Mountain\" was released to videotape in the mid 1980s. Nickel Mountain Nickel Mountain is a 1984 drama film produced in Iceland and the United States written and directed by Drew Denbaum. It stars Michael Cole, Heather Langenkamp, Patrick Cassidy, Grace Zabriskie, and Brian Kerwin. The movie is based on the novel of the same title by American novelist John Gardner. Henry Soames owns a rural diner, and has befriended Willard Freud and Callie Wells. One day Willard"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"James Daughton James Daughton (born June 27, 1950) is a film and television actor who is best known for his role as Gregg Marmalard in \"National Lampoon's Animal House\" (1978). Daughton's portrayal of Gregg Marmalard has become iconic in American popular culture as a quintessential brown nosing, snobbish, phony, WASP. Raised in San Diego, Daughton had roles early in his career on \"Marcus Welby, MD\", \"Room 222\", \"Planet of the Apes (TV Series)\" (as Mikal in the episode \"The Tyrant\"), \"Happy Days\" (as the man who challenges Fonzie to water ski over the shark), and the 1972 western \"The Revengers\" (as William Holden's son). He also appeared in the 1982 film \"The Beach Girls\", in which he was noted primarily for stripping naked and running into the sea. His other film appearances include \"Malibu Beach\" (1978), \"Swim Team\" (1979), \"Blind Date\" (1984), \"Spies Like Us\" (1985), \"Girlfriend from Hell\" (1989) and \"Sorority Boys\" (2002). James Daughton James Daughton (born June 27, 1950) is a film and television actor who is best known for his role as Gregg Marmalard in \"National Lampoon's Animal House\" (1978). Daughton's portrayal of Gregg Marmalard has become iconic in American popular culture as a quintessential brown"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Cross My Heart: An Introduction to Phil Ochs Cross My Heart: An Introduction to Phil Ochs is a British best-of compilation of the U.S. folk singer's A&M recordings. The CD features three tracks each from \"Pleasures Of The Harbor\", \"Tape From California\", and \"Rehearsals For Retirement\" as well as two from \"Greatest Hits\" and one from \"Gunfight At Carnegie Hall\", with the thirteenth track the B-side to his 1973 Africa-only single, \"Niko Mchumba Ngobe.\" Overall, this is a more diverse collection than 2002's \",\" which tips the balance more heavily toward \"Pleasures of the Harbor\". All songs by Phil Ochs unless otherwise noted. Cross My Heart: An Introduction to Phil Ochs Cross My Heart: An Introduction to Phil Ochs is a British best-of compilation of the U.S. folk singer's A&M recordings. The CD features three tracks each from \"Pleasures Of The Harbor\", \"Tape From California\", and \"Rehearsals For Retirement\" as well as two from \"Greatest Hits\" and one from \"Gunfight At Carnegie Hall\", with the thirteenth track the B-side to his 1973 Africa-only single, \"Niko Mchumba Ngobe.\" Overall, this is a more diverse collection than 2002's \",\" which tips the balance more heavily toward \"Pleasures of the Harbor\". All songs"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Festuca viridula Festuca viridula is a species of grass known by several common names, including green fescue, greenleaf fescue, and mountain bunchgrass. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to Colorado, where it is most abundant in high-elevation forests and meadows. This fescue is a clumping perennial bunchgrass with stems generally one half to one meter in height. The leaves are narrow and often have rolled edges, are surrounded by sheaths that shred into fibers, and may be tough and spikelike on the lower part of the plant. The erect inflorescence has a few branches each holding flat green spikelets. This is an important forage grass for livestock in some areas. Festuca viridula Festuca viridula is a species of grass known by several common names, including green fescue, greenleaf fescue, and mountain bunchgrass. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to Colorado, where it is most abundant in high-elevation forests and meadows. This fescue is a clumping perennial bunchgrass with stems generally one half to one meter in height. The leaves are narrow and often have rolled edges, are surrounded by sheaths that shred into fibers, and may be tough and spikelike on the"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Speculaas Speculaas or speculoos (Dutch: \"Speculaas\" , Flemish: \"speculoos\", French: \"spéculoos\" , German: \"Spekulatius\") is a type of spiced shortcrust biscuit, traditionally baked for consumption on or just before St Nicholas' day in the Netherlands (5 December), Belgium (6 December), and around Christmas in Germany and Austria. Speculaas are thin, very crunchy, caramelized, slightly browned and, most significantly, have some image or figure (often from the traditional stories about St. Nicholas) stamped on the front side before baking; the back is flat. Speculaas dough does not rise much. Dutch and Belgian versions are baked with light brown (sometimes beet) sugar and baking powder. German uses baker's ammonia as leavening agent. Indian, Indonesian, and Mediterranean spices used in speculaas are cinnamon, nutmeg, cloves, ginger, cardamom and white pepper; these were common in the 1600–1700s due to the Dutch East Indies spice trade. Family recipes may also include other small amounts of spices like anise, etc. Traditionally, \"speculaas\" were made from Frisian flour and spices. The name \"speculoos\" was coined for Belgian wheat flour cookies with hardly any spices. Today most speculaas versions are made from white (wheat) flour, brown sugar, butter and spices. Some varieties use some almond flour and have slivered almonds embedded in the bottom. The dough is prepared by beating butter, sugar and spices and combining them. The flour and leavening agent are mixed separately and then added. Bakers are careful not to overwork the dough, so it will rise slightly. The dough is stored in a cool place overnight to give the spices time to permeate the dough and add extra flavor. There are several interpretations for the origins of the name \"speculaas\". It may derive from Latin \"speculum\", which means mirror and refers to the fact that the images are cut as a mirrored bas-relief into a wooden stamp, which is then used to decorate speculaas. Another, less likely, word origin refers to the Latin word \"speculator\" which, among other meanings, could refer to a bishop or St Nicholas' epithet, \"he who sees everything\". Still another possible source is \"Specerij\", the Dutch word for spice. The Belgian city of Hasselt is known for a local variety of speculoos. On 13 January 1870 Antonie Deplée, a baker from Hasselt, acquired a license for Hasselt speculoos: \"une espèce de pain d'amandes connu sous le nom de spéculation\" (\"a kind of almond 'bread' known under the name \"spéculation\"\"). He sold this version locally and abroad. The German Spekulatius, traditional in Westphalia and the Rhineland, is similar. It is popular throughout the country around Christmastime and usually not available at other times of the year. In Europe, Lotus Speculoos is the most recognized brand. In the United States, the same company is branded as Lotus Biscoff. Several chains of supermarkets have started their own product under their generic name. By 2007, several Belgian companies began marketing a paste variant of speculoos, now available worldwide under various brands and names: as \"Speculla\", \"Cookie Butter\", \"Biscoff Spread\". As a form of spreadable Speculoos cookies, the flavor is caramelized and gingerbread-like with a color similar to peanut butter and a consistency ranging from creamy to granular or crunchy. The spread consists of 60% crushed speculoos cookies along with vegetable oils. Workers in the Low Countries traditionally made a sandwich in the morning with butter and speculaas or speculoos cookies. This would develop into a spread-like consistency by lunchtime. In 2008, two competitors entered a contest on the Belgian television show, \"The Inventors (de Bedenkers)\", with a spread made from speculoos cookies — Els Scheppers, who reached the semi-finals, and the team of chef Danny De Mayer and Dirk De Smet, who weren't selected as finalists. Spreads made from crushed Speculoos cookies would subsequently go into production by three separate companies and become popular. Speculaas Speculaas or speculoos (Dutch: \"Speculaas\" , Flemish: \"speculoos\", French: \"spéculoos\" , German: \"Spekulatius\") is a type of spiced shortcrust biscuit, traditionally baked for consumption on or just before St Nicholas' day in the Netherlands (5 December), Belgium (6 December), and around Christmas in Germany and Austria. Speculaas are thin, very crunchy, caramelized, slightly browned and, most significantly, have some image or figure (often from the traditional stories about St."
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Okey Okey () is a tile-based game, very popular in Turkey. It is almost always played with four players, though in principle can be played with two or three. It is very similar to the game \"Rummikub\" as it is played with the same set of boards and tiles but with different rules. The game apparently evolved from the original \"Rummikub\" through cultural contacts of \"Gastarbeiter\" in Germany. In Turkey and among Turkish communities abroad, it is very popular not only at homes but also at coffeehouses. The first dealer is chosen at random. After the hands have been played and scored, the turn to deal passes to the right. The 106 tiles are placed face down on the table and thoroughly mixed. Then the players set them up into 21 stacks of five tiles, the tiles in each pile being face down. One tile is left over - this is temporarily kept by the dealer. There is no specific rule about how many stacks should be in front of each player. It is convenient to have at least six in front of the dealer, but this makes no real difference to the game. The dealer now throws the die twice. The result of the first throw selects one of the tile stacks in front of the dealer, counting from left to right. The dealer places the single remaining tile on top of this selected stack. If the number thrown is greater than the number of stacks in front of the dealer, then the count will continue using the stacks in front of the player to dealer's right, and one of these will be selected. The selected stack now has six tiles. The second throw of the die selects one of the tiles in the selected stack, counting upwards from the bottom of the stack. The selected tile is extracted from the stack and placed face up on top of it. If the selected tile is a false joker, it is returned to the selected stack and the second throw of the die is repeated until a numbered tile is selected. This face up tile determines the \"joker\" (okey) for the game - a wild tile that can be used to represent other tiles to complete a combination. The joker is the tile of the same colour and one number greater than the face up tile. For example if the face up tile is the green 10, the green 11s are jokers. The false jokers are not wild - they are used only to represent the tiles that have become jokers. So for example when the green 11s are jokers, the false jokers are played as green 11s (and cannot represent any other tile). If the face up tile is a 13, the 1s of the same colour are jokers. Now the stacks of tiles are distributed to the players. The player to dealer's right will receive 15 tiles and the others 14 each. The player to the right of the dealer takes the next stack after (to the right of) the selected stack with the face up tile on top of it, then the player opposite the dealer takes the following stack, and so on anticlockwise around the table, until each player has two stacks (10 tiles). Now the player to the dealer's right receives the whole of the next stack, but the player sitting opposite the dealer is given only the top 4 tiles of the following stack. The player to the dealer's left receives the last tile of this stack and 3 tiles from the top of the next stack, and finally the dealer takes the last 2 tiles from this stack and 2 from the next stack. In the above diagram the dealer threw a 5, placed the spare tile on top of the 5th stack from her left. She then threw a 2, and took the second tile from the bottom of the selected stack and placed it on top. It is a red 4, so red 5s will be jokers for this deal. Now player 2 must take stack 'a', player 3 stack 'b', player 4 'c', player 1 'd', player 2 'e', player 3 'f', player 4 'g', player 1 'h' and player 2 'i'. Next player 3 takes the top 4 tiles of stack 'j', player 4 the last tile of 'j' and three from 'k', and player 1 two from 'k' and two from 'l'. All the players should arrange their tiles so that they can see their faces but the other players cannot. Wooden racks are often used for this. The remaining tiles are left for the players to draw from during the game. They are moved to the middle of the table, without looking at them or disturbing their order. Before the play begins, if any player holds the tile that matches the face up tile on top of the last stack of six tiles, the player may show that tile, and score one point. Now the player to the dealer's right begins the play by discarding one tile, face up. After this, each player in turn may either take the tile just discarded by the previous player, or draw the next tile from the supply in the centre of the table, and must then discard one unwanted tile. This continues in anticlockwise rotation until a player forms a winning hand and exposes it, ending the play. Discarded tiles are placed to the right of the player who discarded them, in a stack, so that only the most recent discard in the stack is visible. The usual rule is that you are allowed to look through all the tiles in the discard stacks to your right (the tiles you discarded) and to your left (the tiles you had an opportunity to take), but you can only see the exposed top tiles of the two discard stacks on the other side of the table. The object of the game is to collect sets and runs. A set consists of three tiles (üçlü) or four tiles (dörtlü) of the same number and different colours. (So for example a black 7 plus two red 7s would not form a valid set.) A run (el) consists of three or more consecutive tiles of the same colour. The 1 can be used as the lowest tile, below the 2, or as the highest tile, above the 13, but not both at once. So green 1-2-3 or yellow 12-13-1 would be valid runs, but black 13-1-2 would not be valid. A winning hand consists of 14 tiles formed entirely into sets and runs - for example two sets of 3 and two runs of 4, or a run of 6 plus a run of 3 plus a set of 4. No tile can be used as part of more than one combination (set or run) at the same time. Another type of winning hand consists seven pairs. Each pair must consist of two identical tiles (for example two black 9s). Two tiles of the same number and different colours do not make a pair - the colours must be the same as well. If you have a winning hand, then you can end the play by exposing all 14 of your tiles after discarding. Apart from the discards and the face up tile on top of the six-tile stack, no tiles are exposed until a player shows a winning hand: no sets or runs are exposed during the game. Tiles are always drawn from the top of the next available stack. When only the final stack of 6 tiles remains, the exposed tile is removed from the top of this stack and the other five tiles are drawn in order. The exposed tile (the red 4 in the example diagrams) can never be drawn. When there are no tiles left in the centre except the single exposed tile, if the next player to play does not want to take the previous player's discard, the play ends because there are no cards left to draw. As already explained, the two tiles that are the same colour as the face up tile and one greater in number are the jokers. These tiles can be used to represent any tile the holder desires, in order to complete a set or run. For example, if the red 4 is face up, the red 5s are jokers. {Green 6, red 5, red 5, green 9} would count as a run, using jokers for the green 7 and 8. Alternatively, {yellow 10, black 10, red 5} would be a set, using the red 5 to represent the red or green 10. When collecting a hand of seven pairs, a joker can be used with any tile to form a pair. The two false jokers - the tiles without numbers - are used only to represent the joker tiles. So for example when red 5s are jokers, the false jokers are played as red 5s: for example {red 4, false joker, red 6} is a run, and {black 5, green 5, yellow 5, false joker} is a set. [New players may wonder what is the purpose of using a different tile as the joker for each game. It would seem to be logically equivalent to use the false jokers as jokers and every tile to be what it appears to be. A",
"are jokers. {Green 6, red 5, red 5, green 9} would count as a run, using jokers for the green 7 and 8. Alternatively, {yellow 10, black 10, red 5} would be a set, using the red 5 to represent the red or green 10. When collecting a hand of seven pairs, a joker can be used with any tile to form a pair. The two false jokers - the tiles without numbers - are used only to represent the joker tiles. So for example when red 5s are jokers, the false jokers are played as red 5s: for example {red 4, false joker, red 6} is a run, and {black 5, green 5, yellow 5, false joker} is a set. [New players may wonder what is the purpose of using a different tile as the joker for each game. It would seem to be logically equivalent to use the false jokers as jokers and every tile to be what it appears to be. A possible reason may be that if through any defect in the tiles, some players learn to recognise the false jokers from the back, that would give them an unfair advantage. If a different tile is used as the joker in each game, recognising a joker from the back becomes much more difficult.] If you have a winning hand of groups and runs using at least one joker, you do not have to expose it immediately. If you wish, you can continue playing in the hope of forming a winning hand plus a joker. If you are able to end the game by discarding a joker and exposing your remaining 14 tiles as a winning hand, your win is worth twice as much as an ordinary win. Note that by continuing to play instead of exposing your ordinary win, you run the risk that another player may complete a winning hand and expose it before you can achieve your double win, in which case you gain nothing for your concealed winning hand. Each player begins the game with 20 points and loses points each time another player wins a game, as follows: When a player wins an ordinary game, each of the other players loses 2 points. When a player wins by discarding a joker, each other player loses 4 points. When a player wins with seven pairs, each other player loses 4 points. Also, if at the start of the play, a player shows the tile that matches the face up tile on the six-tile stack, each of the other players loses 1 point. This is known as gösterme (to show), and can only be claimed before the holder of the matching tile first draws a tile. If the game ends without any player exposing a winning hand (because there are no tiles left to draw, and the player whose turn it is cannot win by taking the previous discard), then there is no score. Play continues until any player's score reaches zero or less. The two players with the highest scores at that time are the winners and the two with the lowest scores are the losers. Some play that any player whose score reaches zero or less leaves the game, but the other players continue to play. Some play that the players sitting opposite each other are partners. In practice partmers cannot help each other much, except by cheating(!) [In the partnership game, presumably each team starts with 20 points, and when a player exposes a winning hand, the opposing team loses 2 or 4 points as appropriate. If a player shows the tile matching the exposed tile at the start, the other team loses 1 point.] Some players use the exposed tile as the last tile to be drawn from the centre, when all the other tiles have been taken. Some players omit the formal procedure for choosing the joker and distributing the tiles. Having shuffled the tiles face down on the table, each player simply takes any 14 tiles from the table (the player chosen to play first taking 15) and a tile is turned up to be the joker. When drawing tiles during the play, any face down tile can be taken from the stock on the table. Some play that a player who wins a game with tiles of one colour only, the score is doubled: the other players lose 4 points if the winner discarded an ordinary tile, 8 points if the winner's final discard was a joker. Some only award this double score for a hand consisting entirely of red tiles or black tiles. Okey 101 is played with four players over multiple rounds. The object of the game is to collect as few points as possible at the end of the game. The player who has the fewest points, after all of the rounds are completed, is declared the winner. Points are determined according to the face value of the tile (e.g. a red 3 = 3 points & a black 11 = 11 points). A round is completed when there are no more tiles left to draw from the bank or when one of the players has completed his/her hand (tiles on the rack). A game is played over a predetermined number of rounds (e.g. 3,5,7,9 or 11 rounds). All of the rounds must be completed before a winner is declared, not just a best of rounds. After a random dealer is chosen, each player is given 21 tiles (your hand) and the dealer gets 22 tiles. The rest of the tiles go face down into the bank and one tile which indicates what the joker will be is turned face up. The game is played counter-clockwise. The dealer starts the game by throwing away one of his tiles. The turn then goes to the player on his right. A player starts their turn by either taking a tile from the bank or taking the tile thrown away by the previous player. The player then either 'opens' (puts his sets on the table) and/or adds to the sets already on the table. If the player cannot open they finish the turn by throwing away one of the tiles from their hand. A player must always throw away a tile to finish the turn, even when finishing their entire hand. The tile that indicates what the joker will be changes each individual round. The two joker tiles (also called 'false jokers') are the same value as this tile's value plus 1. These jokers look different from the standard tiles and vary in appearance according to the Okey set used. The actual jokers (which can represent any tile in the game) are the actual tiles that get replaced by the false jokers. If for example the indicator tile is a blue 5, the actual jokers are the two blue 6 tiles and the joker tiles (or false jokers) have the value of the blue 6. The minimum number of points required to open your hand is 101. In order to open the player needs to create sets of either 3 or 4 identical numbered tiles of different colors (e.g. black 5, red 5 & blue 5) or running numbers of the same color (e.g. red 7, red 8 & red 9). A set must have a minimum of three tiles. Players are only allowed to add to existing sets on the table after they have opened with a minimum of 101 points already. Players are of course allowed to open and then add to other sets within the same turn. If a player takes the discarded tile from the previous player they must always use that tile. If the player has not opened yet he/she must open with that tile included. The player is not allowed to keep the tile in their hand. A player is allowed to take the discarded tile and then return it and still take from the bank without receiving a penalty. Another way to open your hand is with a minimum of five doubles. Doubles are two identical tiles. If you open with doubles you are not allowed to lay normal sets anymore. You are, however, allowed to add tiles to existing sets from other players on the table. If all four players open with doubles within one round, that round gets canceled and replayed. No players receive any penalties. In order to complete a round, a player must play all the sets from their hand and finish with discarding a tile. The other players receive penalty points. When all of the rounds have finished, all penalty and minus points of all of the rounds are added together and the player with the fewest points is the winner. Players receive an additional penalty of 101 for the following actions. These penalties are added to the total points for that round. If the indicator tile is a 13 the joker then becomes a 1. Sets of the same number are not allowed to have the same color in them (e.g. A blue 10, a red 10 & a blue 10 is not allowed). Running sets are not",
"on the table. If all four players open with doubles within one round, that round gets canceled and replayed. No players receive any penalties. In order to complete a round, a player must play all the sets from their hand and finish with discarding a tile. The other players receive penalty points. When all of the rounds have finished, all penalty and minus points of all of the rounds are added together and the player with the fewest points is the winner. Players receive an additional penalty of 101 for the following actions. These penalties are added to the total points for that round. If the indicator tile is a 13 the joker then becomes a 1. Sets of the same number are not allowed to have the same color in them (e.g. A blue 10, a red 10 & a blue 10 is not allowed). Running sets are not allowed to continue from 13 to the 1 (e.g. black 13, black 1 & black 2 is not allowed). Okey Okey () is a tile-based game, very popular in Turkey. It is almost always played with four players, though in principle can be played with two or three. It is very similar to the game \"Rummikub\" as it is played with the same set of boards and tiles but with different"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Aurès Mountains The Aures Mountains (, , ) are an eastern prolongation of the Atlas Mountain System that lies to the east of the Saharan Atlas in northeastern Algeria, North Africa. The mountain range gives its name to the mountainous natural and historical region of the Aures. The Aures mountains are the eastern continuation of the Saharan Atlas. They are located at a lower elevation than the High Atlas mountains of Morocco. The highest peak in the Aurès mountain range is Djebel Chélia in Khenchela Province, which sits at . The Belezma Range is a northwestern prolongation of the Aures Mountains located where the Tell Atlas and the Saharan Atlas come together. Its main summits are high Djebel Refaâ and high Djebel Tichaou. Historically, the Aures served as a refuge and bulwark for the Berber tribes, forming a base of resistance against the Romans, Vandals, Byzantine, and Arabs along the centuries. The mountain area was also a district of French Algeria that existed during and after the Algerian War of Independence from 1954 to 1962. It was in this region that the Algerian War of Independence was started by Berber freedom fighters. The rugged terrain of the Aures makes it still one of the least developed areas in the Maghreb. In eastern Algeria, the \"Aures\" is a large Berber-speaking region, home of the Chaoui people. The Chaoui eastern Berber population practices traditional transhumance, farming fixed stone terraces in the mountains where they grow sorghum, as well as other grains and vegetables. Seasonally they move their cattle to relatively warm areas in the lowland valleys where they pitch tents or live in other temporary structures and tend livestock through the winter. Aurès Mountains The Aures Mountains (, , ) are an eastern prolongation of the Atlas Mountain System that lies to"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Pizzey Park Pizzey Park is an open-air sports and recreation precinct in Miami, a suburb in the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. The site is owned and operated by the Gold Coast City Council. The Pizzey Park sporting complex was established on a site in 1969. It was named after the former Queensland Premier Jack Pizzey. It was previously a garbage dump. The Australian Institute of Sport established their training facilities for canoe/kayak at Pizzey Park in June 1991 at a cost of $500,000. The park was expanded to accommodate this additional facility, extending westward into the neighbouring suburb of Mermaid Waters. Pizzey Park has sports fields for a wide variety of sports including: rugby league, rugby union, Australian Rules Football, soccer, netball, softball and athletics. Skateboard and BMX facilities are available. The site also provides a network of tracks for walking, jogging and cycling, around a number of lakes as well as an off-leash dog park. The site includes the Miami Aquatic Centre featuring two outdoor heated swimming pools and one indoor teaching pool. Pizzey Park Pizzey Park is an open-air sports and recreation precinct in Miami, a suburb in the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. The site is owned and"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Matthew Kaminski Matthew Kaminski is global editor of \"POLITICO\" and the founding editor of \"Politico Europe\", which launched on April 21, 2015. He was previously a foreign correspondent, opinion writer and member of the Wall Street Journal editorial board. Kaminski was born in 1971 in Warsaw, Poland and emigrated to the United States in 1980. He is a graduate of Georgetown Day School in Washington and Yale College, and holds a master's degree from the Universite de Paris. While based in Kiev from 1994–97, Kaminski reported for the \"Financial Times\" and \"The Economist\" on the former Soviet Union. He subsequently joined \"The Wall Street Journal\" as Brussels correspondent, and in 2004 was awarded the Peter Weitz Prize by the German Marshall Fund for a series of columns about the European Union. In 2005, he became the editorial page editor of the Journal's European edition, based in Paris. He moved to New York to work on the editorial board in 2008, writing mostly about international affairs. His coverage of the Ukrainian crisis won an Overseas Press Club prize in 2015. He was also a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in commentary. He joined POLITICO in December 2014. Kaminski has also contributed to \"Tablet\", an online magazine committed to Jewish interests. WSJ biography Politico biography Matthew Kaminski Matthew Kaminski is global editor of \"POLITICO\" and the founding editor of \"Politico Europe\", which launched on April 21, 2015. He was previously a foreign correspondent, opinion writer and member of the Wall Street Journal editorial board. Kaminski was born in 1971 in Warsaw, Poland and emigrated to the United States in 1980. He is a graduate of Georgetown Day School in Washington and Yale College, and holds a master's degree from the Universite de Paris. While based in Kiev from 1994–97, Kaminski reported for"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Kia KX Cross The Kia KX Cross is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by Dongfeng Yueda Kia exclusively for the Chinese market. Positioning below the Kia KX3 subcompact crossover, the price of the KX Cross in China ranges from 74,900 to 85,900 yuan. The KX Cross was revealed at the 2017 Auto Shanghai. Essentially a crossover variant of the Kia K2 sold in the Chinese market, the KX Cross is 30 mm wider and 40 mm longer than the international standard Rio hatchback. In November 2017, the Kia KX Cross sold 7,948 units in China and delivered a total of 19,734 units within three months. Kia KX Cross The Kia KX Cross is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by Dongfeng Yueda Kia exclusively for the Chinese market. Positioning below the Kia KX3 subcompact crossover, the price of the KX Cross in China ranges from 74,900 to 85,900 yuan. The KX Cross was revealed at the 2017 Auto Shanghai. Essentially a crossover variant of the Kia K2 sold in the Chinese market, the KX Cross is 30 mm wider and 40 mm longer than the international standard Rio hatchback. In November 2017, the Kia KX Cross sold 7,948 units in China"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Juvencus Gaius Vettius Aquilinus Juvencus, known as Juvencus or Juvenk, was a Roman Spanish Christian and composer of Latin poetry in the 4th century. Of his life we know only what St. Jerome tells us. He was a Spaniard of very good birth, became a priest, and wrote in the time of Constantine I. From one passage in his work (II, 806, sq.) and from St. Jerome's Chronicle it must be inferred that he wrote about the year 330. His poem, in dactylic hexameters, is entitled \"Evangeliorum libri\" (The Gospels). It is a history of Christ according to the Gospels, particularly that of St. Matthew. He goes to the other Evangelists for what he does not find in St. Matthew — as the story of the Infancy, which he takes from St. Luke. He follows his model very closely, \"almost literally\", as St. Jerome says. The whole problem for him is to render the Gospel text into easy language conformable to the tradition of the Latin poets, and borrowed especially from Virgil. His task permits of little originality beyond that exhibited in new words composed, or derived, according to familiar types (\"auricolor\", \"flammiuomus\", \"flammicomans\", \"sinuamen\"), elegant synonyms to express the Christian realities (\"tonans\" for \"God\", \"genitor\" for the Father, \"spiramen\" for the Holy Ghost, \"uersutia\" for the Devil), or, lastly, archaic expressions. The language is correct and the verses well constructed, but there is little colour or movement. A few obscurities of prosody betray the period in which the work was written. The whole effect is carefully wrought out. In the prologue, Juvencus announces that he wishes to meet the lying tales of the pagan poets, Homer and Virgil, with the glories of the true Faith. He hopes that his poem will survive the destruction of the world by fire, and will deliver him, the poet, from hell. He invokes the Holy Spirit as the pagans invoked the Muses or Apollo. The work is divided into four books, which make arbitrary divisions of the life of Christ. The number four seems to be symbolical, corresponding to the number of the Evangelists. Other traces of symbolism have been found in Juvencus, the most notable being the significance attached to the gifts of the Magi — the incense offered to the God, the gold to the King, the myrrh to the Man. This interpretation, of which he, certainly, was not the inventor, was to have the greatest success, as we know. Lastly, eight preliminary verses, Juvencus's authorship of which is disputed, characterize the Evangelists and assign emblems to them; but they assign the eagle to St. Mark and the lion to St. John. The Bible text which Juvencus paraphrased was of course an ancient one. He appears, too, to have had recourse at times to the Greek text. The source of his poetical phraseology and his technic is, first, Virgil, then Lucretius, Propertius, Horace, Ovid, Silius Italicus, and Statius. The cold correctness of the work recommended it to the taste of the Middle Ages, when it was frequently quoted, imitated, and copied. St. Jerome tells us that Juvencus composed another, shorter, Christian poem on \"the order of the mysteries\" (\"Sacramentorum ordinem\"). This work is lost. Modern writers have incorrectly attributed to him the \"Heptateuchus\", a work of Cyprianus Gallus, and the \"De Laudibus Domini\", a work of Juvencus's time, but to be credited to some pupil of the rhetoricians of Augustodunum (Autun). Juvencus Gaius Vettius Aquilinus Juvencus, known as Juvencus or Juvenk, was a Roman Spanish Christian and composer of Latin poetry in the 4th century. Of his life we know only"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Vermont's at-large congressional district Vermont has been represented in the United States House of Representatives by a single at-large congressional district since the 1930 census, when the state lost its second seat, obsoleting its 1st and 2nd congressional districts. There were once six districts in Vermont, all of which were eliminated after various censuses. Bernie Sanders (Independent) held the seat from 1991 until 2007, when he became a U.S. Senator. Democrat Peter Welch has represented the state since 2007. Vermont has elected its representatives at-large from 1813 to 1821, beginning with the 13th Congress; 1823 to 1825, with the 18th Congress; and from 1933 to the present, beginning with the 73rd Congress, after being reduced to one representative as a result of the 1930 Census. In all other years, Vermont elected its representatives from separate districts. All members were elected statewide at-large on a general ticket. In 1821, Vermont used districts instead. Vermont returned to at-large districts briefly in 1823 for just one Congress. After the 1930 United States Census, Vermont was reduced to one seat, which it's used ever since. Independent Bernie Sanders defeated incumbent Republican Peter Plympton Smith. Incumbent Bernie Sanders ran for and won re-election. Incumbent Bernie Sanders ran for and won re-election. Incumbent Bernie Sanders ran for and won re-election. Incumbent Bernie Sanders ran for and won re-election. Incumbent Bernie Sanders ran for and won re-election. Incumbent Bernie Sanders ran for and won re-election. Incumbent Bernie Sanders ran for and won re-election. Incumbent Bernie Sanders retired to run for (and win) a U.S. Senate seat. Vermont Senate President \"Pro Tempore\" Peter Welch (D-Windsor County) was the Democratic nominee and the eventual winner. Three candidates competed for the Republican nomination: Rainville won the Republican primary on September 12, beating Shepard by a wide margin. There were also numerous third party and independent candidates: Chris Karr (WTP), Bruce Marshall (Green Party), Dennis Morrisseau (Ind), Jane Newton (Liberty Union Party), Keith Stern (Ind), and Jerry Trudell (Ind). Morrisseau gathered the most votes, with 1% or 1,383 votes. By September 14, 2006, the race between Rainville and Welch was close. An American Research Group poll showed Welch with a 48–45% lead. On October 4, 2006, \"The Burlington Free Press\" reported that one of Rainville's staffers, Christopher Stewart, resigned from her campaign after committing plagiarism—copying policy statements from other politicians, including Senator Hillary Clinton, and using them on Rainville's website. Rainville's website was off-line for some time while her staff removed the plagiarized passages. Welch beat Rainville 53% to 45%, or 139,585 votes to 117,211. , there are two living former members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Vermont's at-large congressional district. The most recent representative to die was Jim Jeffords (serving 1975-1989) on August 18, 2014. Senator Barack Obama of Illinois won the March 4, 2008 Vermont Democratic Primary with 59.31% of the statewide/at-large congressional district vote while Senator Hillary Clinton of New York received 38.59%. U.S. Senator John McCain of Arizona won the March 4, 2008 Vermont Republican Primary with 71.32% of the statewide/at-large congressional district vote while former Governor Mike Huckabee of Arkansas finished second with 14.30%. Vermont's at-large congressional district Vermont has been represented in the United States House of Representatives by a single at-large congressional district since the 1930 census, when the state lost its second seat, obsoleting its 1st and 2nd congressional districts. There were once six districts in Vermont, all of which were eliminated after various censuses. Bernie Sanders (Independent) held the seat from 1991 until 2007, when he became a U.S. Senator. Democrat Peter Welch has represented the state since 2007. Vermont"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Wichita West High School Wichita West High School, known locally as West, is a fully accredited high school located in Wichita, Kansas, serving students in grades 9-12. The high school is located close to downtown Wichita, and is near U.S. Route 54. The current principal is Joel Hudson. Wichita West High School opened in September 1953, but a council had started looking to build a high school for the westside of the Arkansas River in 1925. Three years after its opening, Wichita West added 25 classrooms with an addition of 24 mobile units 15 years later. In 1976, a new library was added to the building with the existing library being renovated. Renovations again took place in 1988 and 1989, due to the school district moving the ninth grade to the high schools. Wichita West High School Wichita West High School, known locally as West, is a fully accredited high school located in Wichita, Kansas, serving students in grades 9-12. The high school is located close to downtown Wichita, and is near U.S. Route 54. The current principal is Joel Hudson. Wichita West High School opened in September 1953, but a council had started looking to build a high school"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Kaviyam Kaviyam is a 1994 Tamil drama film directed by M. Ponraj. The film features newcomer Ruban George and Nandhini in lead roles, with newcomers Salomon, Thamizhan, M. Ponraj and Venniradai Moorthy playing supporting roles. The film, produced by Manjil Pradhan, had musical score by the director M. Ponraj and was released on 18 February 1994 to mixed reviews. The film begins with the cancellation of a wedding. The bride Shanthi (Nandhini) refuses to marry the groom Kumar (Salomon) who wanted a large dowry and she humiliates him. Shanthi and Kumar are doctors in the same hospital. Shanthi challenges him to get married to a better groom who will not ask her any dowry. Raja (Ruban George) is a villager who comes to the city searching for work. In town, Raja befriends Vaithi (M. Ponraj) and Vaithi accommodates him in his lodge. One night, Raja finds an old man who gets struck by lightning and he brings that old man to his daughter Shanthi but the old man dies on the way. Thereafter, Raja becomes a traffic police and he falls in love with Shanthi. When Raja expresses his love to Shanthi, she rejects it. Shanthi slowly develops a soft corner for the kind-hearted Raja. What transpires later forms the crux of the story. The film score and the soundtrack were composed by the film director M. Ponraj. The soundtrack, released in 1994, features 5 tracks with lyrics written by Salomon. Kaviyam Kaviyam is a 1994 Tamil drama film directed by M. Ponraj. The film features newcomer Ruban George and Nandhini in lead roles, with newcomers Salomon, Thamizhan, M. Ponraj and Venniradai Moorthy playing supporting roles. The film, produced by Manjil Pradhan, had musical score by the director M. Ponraj and was released on 18 February 1994 to mixed reviews."
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Bellvitge (Barcelona Metro) Bellvitge is a Barcelona Metro station, in the L'Hospitalet de Llobregat municipality of the Barcelona metropolitan area, and named after the nearby neighbourhood of Bellvitge. The station is served by line L1. It is some west of Bellvitge railway station, served by Rodalies de Catalunya commuter and regional rail services. Bellvitge metro station is located under \"Rambla de la Marina\" and can be accessed from both sides of the road. The station entrances access two underground ticket halls, which in turn give access to two long side platforms on a lower level. The station opened in 1989, when line L1 was extended from Avinguda Carrilet station to Hospital de Bellvitge station. Bellvitge (Barcelona Metro) Bellvitge is a Barcelona Metro station, in the L'Hospitalet de Llobregat municipality of the Barcelona metropolitan area, and named after the nearby neighbourhood of Bellvitge. The station is served by line L1. It is some west of Bellvitge railway station, served by Rodalies de Catalunya commuter and regional rail services. Bellvitge metro station is located under \"Rambla de la Marina\" and can be accessed from both sides of the road. The station entrances access two underground ticket halls, which in turn give access"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Mestizzo Mestizzo is a Mexican pop music band. The group was created in 1994 in Mexico City. The group is one of the few Mexican entertainment productions to showcase Afro-Mexican talent, as one of their singers is a Black woman. The band debuted at the 1994 Acapulco Festival. The band went on a nationwide tour in Mexico during 1995. By early 1997, the band was known to United States Hispanic audiences with their hit \"El Tongoneo\", for which the band made a video. Mestizzo was sponsored in the United States by Miller Beer, a commercial of the beer brand featuring a version of El Tongoneo that mentioned Miller Beer. The band was personally invited by Prince Albert of Monaco to perform at the Cannes Festival in France. Among other Mestizzo hits was a cover version of La Macarena, and a song named \"El Ruletero\". Mestizzo Mestizzo is a Mexican pop music band. The group was created in 1994 in Mexico City. The group is one of the few Mexican entertainment productions to showcase Afro-Mexican talent, as one of their singers is a Black woman. The band debuted at the 1994 Acapulco Festival. The band went on a nationwide tour in"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"San Pablo, Arizona San Pablo was an unincorporated community located in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. The San Pablo neighborhood was one of several Mexican colonias in the Salt River Valley around Phoenix, Arizona. In the 1950s, Arizona State University used its power of eminent domain to redevelop San Pablo into dormitories, sports facilities and commercial infrastructure. San Pablo was adjacent to Tempe, Arizona, bordered by University Drive to the south (known then as Eighth Street), Fifth Street to the north, College Avenue to the west and the Southern Pacific Railroad tracks to the west. A canal and railroad tracks also divided two Hispanic neighborhoods at the base of the Tempe buttes, with the more eastern section sometimes called the \"Mickey Mouse Barrio.\" San Pablo, Arizona San Pablo was an unincorporated community located in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. The San Pablo neighborhood was one of several Mexican colonias in the Salt River Valley around Phoenix, Arizona. In the 1950s, Arizona State University used its power of eminent domain to redevelop San Pablo into dormitories, sports facilities and commercial infrastructure. San Pablo was adjacent to Tempe, Arizona, bordered by University Drive to the south (known then as Eighth Street), Fifth"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Jacob Montefiore Jacob Levi Montefiore (11 January 1819 – 24 January 1885) was an Australian politician. He was born at Bridgetown in Barbados to merchant Isaac Levi and his wife Esther Montefiore, whose children adopted their mother's surname (she was related to Sir Moses Montefiore and the Rothschilds). In New South Wales he was a squatter and trader. On 9 July 1851 he married Caroline Antonine Gerardine Louyet in London. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1856 to 1860 and again from 1874 to 1877; between that time he was Belgian Consul from 1863. He also published works on economic theory, was chairman of a number of mining companies, campaigned for free trade, and composed the libretto for the opera \"Don John of Austria\" with music by Isaac Nathan. Montefiore died in London in 1885. Jacob Montefiore Jacob Levi Montefiore (11 January 1819 – 24 January 1885) was an Australian politician. He was born at Bridgetown in Barbados to merchant Isaac Levi and his wife Esther Montefiore, whose children adopted their mother's surname (she was related to Sir Moses Montefiore and the Rothschilds). In New South Wales he was a squatter and trader. On"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Victims Family Victims Family is a hardcore punk band formed in 1984 in Santa Rosa, California, by the bass guitarist Larry Boothroyd and the guitarist and vocalist Ralph Spight. Devon VrMeer completed the trio as drummer. Their sound blended punk, heavy metal and jazz, making them difficult to categorize into a single genre. Allmusic says, \"Since its inception, the trio has refused to be pigeonholed to any single musical style — incorporating elements of hardcore punk, jazz, funk, hard rock, and noise into its challenging sound\". They were known as one of the most musically diverse bands in the San Francisco underground music scene. Over the years, Victims Family went through four drummers and two break-ups. Their name was taken from a piece by the cartoonist B. Kliban. In 1984, Victims Family played their first show at the Kennilworth Recreation Center in Petaluma, California, where they later opened for Faith No More and Suicidal Tendencies. In summer 1985, the band made their first U.S. tour, which they booked themselves by mailing out a cassette demo. They played with NOFX in Albuquerque and challenged Tales of Terror to a drinking contest in Dallas. Also that year, they opened for the Dead Kennedys, Descendents and Social Unrest at the Novato Theater, where they first caught the attention of Jello Biafra. In 1986, they opened for the Butthole Surfers and Camper Van Beethoven at Mabuhay Gardens in San Francisco, and recorded their first album, \"Voltage and Violets\", for Ruth Schwartz's Mordam Records, and regularly played The Farm and Club Foot in San Francisco. 1986 was also the year they played at a pizza parlor in Oakland with Nomeansno, beginning a long friendship between the two bands. In 1987, they barely completed a tour of the United States and missed their dates in Canada after being banned from that country for one year. Highlights included playing with Capitol Punishment in Fresno and Scratch Acid in Dallas. A second album, \"Things I Hate To Admit\", was recorded in 1988 at Prairie Sun Studio in Cotati, California. In 1988, they began their friendship with Primus, with whom they shared the stage many times in the years to follow. In 1989, they were invited by Konkurrent, a record label in Amsterdam, for a European tour. VrMeer had left the band to raise a family, so Eric Strand was recruited as drummer. The band embarked on a five-week tour of Europe with Snuff from London supporting them. Highlights included helping to break down the Berlin Wall and being strip searched in Norway. After returning from Europe, Strand was replaced by the roadie Tim Solyan who continued to drum for Victims Family throughout the height of their touring days. Their third album, \"White Bread Blues\", produced by the Nomeansno drummer John Wright, followed in 1990 and was received on a much wider critical and commercial scale than their earlier albums. It included the song \"'Caged Bird\", which reached No. 6 on the Dutch national radio charts. Around this time, Mr. Bungle and Green Day, then little known acts, often opened for Victims Family. Also in 1990, they supported Tad and Nirvana on the midwest leg of their cross-country tour. Numerous tours of the US and Europe cemented the group's reputation as an incendiary live act. Their fourth album, \"The Germ\", released in 1992 and also produced by John Wright, was their first for Alternative Tentacles Records. The band's schedule began to take its toll, and in 1992 they took a break. Ten months later, in spring 1993, Victims Family reformed, to play a sold-out show at the Kennel Club in San Francisco. A fifth album, \"Headache Remedy\", was released by Alternative Tentacles in February 1994. \"Four Great Thrash Songs\", the last album of the classic line-up was recorded live in 1994 at their final show at Melkweg in Amsterdam, the band's home from home. Founding members Spight and Boothroyd also formed the bands Saturn's Flea Collar and Hellworms, both of which toured the US and Europe and recorded albums for Alternative Tentacles. After the demise of Hellworms, Spight and Boothroyd continued under the name Victims Family with a new drummer David Gleza of My Name and they recorded the album \"Apocalicious\" in 2001. The band continued to tour relentlessly, including two trips to Texas for SXSW, and two more tours of Europe, causing the band to lose Gleza to tour fatigue. This time Spight and Boothroyd decided not to look for another drummer. On December 11 and 12, 2004, Victims Family reunited, with Solyan back on drums, at the Phoenix Theatre in Petaluma, California, and in San Francisco at the Bottom of the Hill, to celebrate their 20th anniversary with all their different incarnations, including The Freak Accident (Spight's solo project) and Meowmeow and the Meowmeows (Boothroyd's new band). Also included at this time was a Saturn's Flea Collar 10th anniversary reunion and a Hellworms reunion. This sparked subsequent shows with both Hellworms and Victims Family. In 2006, Boothroyd began playing with the Bay Area band that came to be known as Triclops! and began touring and releasing records with them. The Freak Accident released an LP on Alternative Tentacles and toured Europe with Nomeansno. Triclops! released a full-length album, \"Out of Africa\", on Alternative Tentacles in March 2008, and a their follow-up, \"Helpers On The Other Side\", also on Alternative Tentacles, in 2010. Solyan has been in a few bands over the years including The Kehoe Nation (for whom he played select drum tracks on \"Music For Livers\"), Wingnut, Jerry Rigg & the El Chupos. He is currently back with Bryan Kehoe in a duo of guitar and drums called Black Cat Grave. In 2009, the band appeared at the Phoenix Theater in Petaluma with Nomeansno and also for Alternative Tentacles 30th Anniversary shows in San Francisco with Alice Donut, Jello Biafra and the Guantanamo School of Medicine, Spight's latest band. In 2010, Victims Family was invited to play in the Czech Republic with Nomeansno, Le Silo (Japan), and a group of Cuban dancers and typewriter players to celebrate a friend's 50th birthday. This turned into a whirlwind mini-tour in Europe where they played nine shows in nine days. In 2012, they released the \"Have A Nice Day\" single on Alternative Tentacles, made another short tour of Europe and played a handful of Northern California shows. Past drummers: Victims Family Victims Family is a hardcore punk band formed in 1984 in Santa Rosa, California, by the bass guitarist Larry Boothroyd and the guitarist and vocalist Ralph Spight. Devon VrMeer completed the trio as drummer. Their sound blended punk,"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Tourism in Montreal Tourism is an important industry in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The city welcomed 10.2 million overnight visitors in 2016 and 11,792,970 day trip visitors in 2010. Montreal attracted 1,770,939 international overnight visitors in 2010, most of them from the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Germany, Mexico and Japan. 82 740 direct jobs and 48 199 indirect jobs, in Montreal were generated by the tourism industry in 2014. Crescent Street in Downtown Montreal is popular among tourists. Throughout the summer, it features various street fairs and festivals. Among locals, Crescent Street is known better for its many clubs and bars. Saint-Laurent Boulevard and the surrounding Plateau Mont-Royal neighbourhood, are also well known for their nightlife, with many bars, nightclubs and restaurants. The main sectors that attract tourism in Montreal are Festivals drawing in 7.5 million tourists, museums accounting for 7 million visits and Old Montreal bringing in 2.5 million tourists in the year 2013. Tourism in Montreal Tourism is an important industry in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The city welcomed 10.2 million overnight visitors in 2016 and 11,792,970 day trip visitors in 2010. Montreal attracted 1,770,939 international overnight visitors in 2010, most of them from the United States, France,"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"The First Tee The First Tee, a youth development organization, impacts the lives of young people by providing educational programs that build character, instill life-enhancing values and promote healthy choices through the game of golf. Supported by golf's major organizations, including the LPGA, Masters Tournament, PGA of America, PGA TOUR and USGA, The First Tee has reached more than 9 million young people since its inception in 1997 and reaches youth on golf courses, in schools and at other youth serving locations. The First Tee was established by the World Golf Foundation in November 1997 as a not-for-profit organization 501(c)(3). The initial focus was on creating affordable access for those not previously exposed to the game of golf. It has since broadened its focus to that of a youth development organization that teaches life skills using golf as a platform. Founding partners include the PGA TOUR, LPGA, PGA of America, USGA and the Masters Tournament. Former President George H.W. Bush served as honorary chairman from 1997-2010 at which he moved to an emeritus role. In 2011, his son and former President George W. Bush stepped into the role and became the honorary chairman. The First Tee has three primary channels of delivering its programming: a network of approximately 180 chapters; The First Tee National School Program which introduces golf to elementary-age students through physical education classes; and an after school program delivered by trained leaders at other youth service locations like YMCA and Boys and Girls Clubs. The First Tee curriculum focuses on teaching character education and its \"Nine Core Values\" (honesty, integrity, sportsmanship, respect, confidence, responsibility, perseverance, courtesy, and judgment). The First Tee chapters use a teaching curriculum developed by experts in the field of positive youth development and delivered by coaches. Through this experience, participants learn to transfer the values of golf to everyday life. The Life Skills Experience includes six levels starting with Target, the introduction level which provides a fun and safe environment that creates curiosity about the game. This level is recommended for ages five and up. The program culminates with advanced level Ace, which focuses on personal planning for golf, career, volunteerism and education for ages 14 and up. The other levels include: PLAYer, Par, Birdie and Eagle. The First Tee has approximately 180 chapters across the U.S. and in four international locations (Vancouver, Ireland, Japan, and New Zealand). The First Tee has several events for participants in the program. The Life Skills and Leadership Academy and PLAYer Advanced Academy are week-long programs where juniors enhance their life skills, improve their golfing ability, and build leadership qualities. The Auntie Anne's Leaders and Entrepreneurs Forum held in Florida offers high school participants an opportunity to be immersed in the business world of golf. The three-day program takes juniors behind the scenes of Disney World and a PGA Tour event. The Nature Valley First Tee Open at Pebble Beach is an official Champions Tour event in which 81 junior participants are paired with a Champions Tour Professional and two amateurs in a week long tournament at the world-renowned Pebble Beach Golf Links (see section of The First Tee Open at Pebble Beach). These opportunities The First Tee offers allows participants to put the life skills and core values learned through the program into action. The First Tee also offers scholarships that reward their youth participants based on participation, accomplishments, academics, and leadership skills. The Scholars Program recognizes outstanding high school seniors and provides a gateway for a successful future with higher education. Participants can also apply for the Coca-Cola America’s Future scholarship. Five semi-finalists are interviewed by Coca-Cola executives to select the scholarship recipient. A third program is the RBS Achievers of the Year. Ten participants are rewarded to help fund their education after high school. These recipients are awarded based on their amazing achievements while undergoing difficult circumstances in their lives. The PURE Insurance Championship, Impacting the First Tee is a unique event played annually in September at the iconic Pebble Beach Golf Links and Poppy Hills Golf Club. It is the only event of its kind that pairs juniors from The First Tee to play alongside amateurs and legends from the game of golf. This PGA TOUR Champions event is televised nationally on the Golf Channel. PURE Insurance became the title sponsor of this incredible event in 2017. Prior to that Nature Valley served as title sponsor from 2011-2016; Home Care & Hospice in 2010, it went unsponsored in 2009; and Walmart served as title sponsor from 2004-2008. The First Tee The First Tee, a youth development organization, impacts the lives of young people by providing educational programs that build character, instill life-enhancing values and promote healthy choices through the game of golf. Supported by golf's major organizations, including the LPGA, Masters Tournament, PGA"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"The Revellions The Revellions are a garage-based rock and roll band formed in 2006 in Dublin, Ireland. In 2008 the band released their eponymous debut album on Dirty Water Records. The album was recorded at Circo Perotti studios in Gijon, Spain. The album received widespread critical acclaim throughout the world leading to extensive touring and festival work throughout Europe during in 2009. The Revellions have enjoyed extensive magazine and radio coverage including an invite over to London's BBC Maida Vale studio to record a live session with television and radio personality Mark Lamarr; which and aired July 2008 on BBC 2 show \"God's Jukebox\". They have subsequently been featured regularly by him on his Radio 2 show. Their debut album featured at number 7 on US DJ Bill Kelly's best albums for 2009. Later on the band released in 2014 their second and long awaited album on Dirty Water Records called \"Give it Time\"; after 6 years the long wait saw its end and they released the album playing it live along Ireland and abroad, recorded locally in Dublin in James's studio. After 2 and a half years of total silence, but fronted by Dublin rock and roll veteran James Lister, over the years members have come and gone. And after the departure of two core members the band's line-up now has a multicultural magic touch added to these garage surf psychedelic tunes (Irish, Estonian and Spanish) taking the band to the next level after two well known garage sound albums called \"The Revellions\" and \"Give it Time\", that were presented along several tours in Germany, France, United Kingdom and Norway. The band is now working on the recording of their 3rd album with the sound of garage influenced rock and roll and with a side order of surf guitar with that psychedelic touch that the band has always created with their tunes to be presented on vinyl and cd next year (single to come later on this year), and already being presented in the core of the garage clubs of Dublin. The Revellions featured in the cult movie \"Killer Biker Chicks\". The band have spent 2010 writing their second album and recording in Spain and Ireland. The album is scheduled for release planned in Spring 2011. The Revellions The Revellions are a garage-based rock and roll band formed in 2006 in Dublin, Ireland. In 2008 the band released their"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Hube (hills) The Hube is a ridge, up to , in the Leine Uplands and district of Northeim, in the German state of Lower Saxony. The densely wooded Hube lies immediately northeast of the town of Einbeck, with its pretty, timber-framed houses, west of the River Leine and north of the Ilme valley. Although the ridge, which measures some 8.5 x 5.5 kilometres, is west of the Leine it is counted as part of the southwestern Harz Foreland in Germany's official natural regional classification. The highest elevation on the Hube is the Fuchshöhlenberg with its transmission mast at . About 150 metres southeast of the tower is the highest point of the actual summit. On the northern edge of the Greene Forest, the northern part of the Hube, are the ruins of Greene Castle above the town of Greene with good views from the castle tower. In the southern part of the Hube, 570 metres north of the Altendorfer Berg and between Einbeck and Negenborn stands the Emperor Frederick Tower (\"Kaiser-Friedrick-Turm\"), also called the Einbeck Tower (\"Einbecker Turm\"). In the Hube region, carbonate rocks predominate. Upper and Middle Muschelkalk occur on its western rim, Lower Muschelkalk in the central area and Bunter Sandstone on its eastern slopes. The hills of the Hube, including its foothills, are (sorted by height in metres above sea level (NN): Settlements around the Hube whose built-up areas impinge significantly on the ridge are (sorted alphabetically): Hube (hills) The Hube is a ridge, up to , in the Leine Uplands and district of Northeim, in the German state of Lower Saxony. The densely wooded Hube lies immediately northeast of the town of Einbeck, with its pretty, timber-framed houses, west of the River Leine and north of the Ilme valley. Although the ridge, which measures some 8.5"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Alzahra University In 1976, Mathematics Teacher Training was first offered at Alzahra University by the department of Mathematics in the Basic Sciences Faculty. After the Islamic Revolution, this area of study was further developed into Pure and Applied Mathematics as B.Sc. degrees. The department further offered MSc and PhD degrees respectively in 2000 and 2002. Ultimately the expansion of the programs offered by the Mathematics Department (e.g. Statistics and Computer Science programs), in 2014 the department of Mathematics separated from the Faculty of Basic Sciences and became a faculty in its own right. Currently, the programs offered by departments Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Alzahra University In 1976, Mathematics Teacher Training was first offered at Alzahra University by the department of Mathematics in the Basic Sciences Faculty. After the Islamic Revolution, this area of study was further developed into Pure and Applied Mathematics as B.Sc. degrees. The department further offered MSc and PhD degrees respectively in 2000 and 2002. Ultimately the expansion of the programs offered by the Mathematics Department (e.g. Statistics and Computer Science programs), in 2014 the department of Mathematics separated from the Faculty of Basic Sciences and became a faculty in its own right."
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"After abandoning their raft, the astronauts set off through a desolate wasteland in hopes of finding food and water before their provisions run out. Eventually, they encounter plant life. They find an oasis at the edge of the desert and go swimming, ignoring eerie scarecrow-like figures around the edge of the water. While they are swimming, their clothes are stolen. Pursuing the thieves, the astronauts find their clothes torn to shreds, their supplies pillaged and the perpetrators–a group of humans that are apparently so primitive that they can not even talk and dressed in torn clothes–raiding a cornfield. Taylor is attracted to one of the humans, whom he later names Nova (Linda Harrison). \n Producer Arthur P. Jacobs bought the rights for the Pierre Boulle novel before its publication in 1963. Jacobs pitched the production to many studios, but was passed over. After Jacobs made a successful debut as a producer doing 1964's What a Way to Go! (1964) for 20th Century Fox and begun pre-production of another movie for the studio, Doctor Dolittle, he managed to convince Fox vice-president Richard D. Zanuck to greenlight Planet of the Apes. \n Planet of the Apes was well received by critics and is widely regarded as a classic film and one of the best films of 1968, applauded for its imagination and its commentary on a possible world gone upside down. As of April, 2012, the film held a 90% \"Certified Fresh\" rating on the review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 50 reviews. In 2008, the film was selected by Empire magazine as one of The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time. \n The script was originally written by Rod Serling, but underwent many rewrites before filming eventually began. Directors J. Lee Thompson and Blake Edwards were approached, but the film's producer Arthur P. Jacobs, upon the recommendation of Charlton Heston, chose Franklin J. Schaffner to direct the film. Schaffner's changes included an ape society less advanced–and therefore less expensive to depict–than that of the original novel. Filming took place between May 21 and August 10, 1967, in California, Utah and Arizona, with desert sequences shot in and around Lake Powell, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. The film's final \"closed\" cost was $5.8 million. \n The original series was followed by Tim Burton's remake Planet of the Apes in 2001 and the reboot Rise of the Planet of the Apes in 2011. Also in 2001, Planet of the Apes was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". \n A parody of the film series titled \"The Milking of the Planet That Went Ape\" was published in Mad Magazine. It was illustrated by Mort Drucker and written by Arnie Kogen in regular issue #157, March 1973. \n Zira and her fiancé Cornelius (Roddy McDowall), an archaeologist, take an interest in Taylor, whom Zira calls \"Bright Eyes\". Taylor attempts to communicate by writing in the dirt, but Nova, who has been following him around, attempts to destroy his writing with her hands, not understanding what the words mean. The letters she doesn't destroy are then obliterated by Zira's and Cornelius's superior, an orangutan named Dr. Zaius (Maurice Evans). Back in his cage, Taylor steals Zira's pencil and notebook and uses them to write the message My name is Taylor. Zira and Cornelius become convinced that Taylor is intelligent, but upon learning of this, Dr. Zaius orders that Taylor be castrated. Before the castration can occur Taylor escapes, and during his desperate flight through Ape City passes through a museum, where he finds Dodge's stuffed and eyeless corpse on display. When Taylor is recaptured by gorillas, he overcomes his throat injury and roars:\"Take your stinking paws off me, you damn dirty ape!\" \n One script that came close to being made was written by The Twilight Zone creator Rod Serling, though it was finally rejected for a number of reasons. A prime concern was cost, as the technologically advanced ape society portrayed by Serling's script would have involved expensive sets, props, and special effects. The previously blacklisted screenwriter Michael Wilson was brought in to rewrite Serling's script and, as suggested by director Franklin J. Schaffner, the ape society was made more primitive as a way of reducing costs. Serling's stylized twist ending was retained, and became one of the most famous movie endings of all time. The exact location and state of decay of the Statue of Liberty changed over several storyboards. One version depicted the statue buried up to its nose in the middle of a jungle while another depicted the statue in pieces. \n * Planet of the Apes (1974) \n * Return to the Planet of the Apes (animated) (1975) \n\n\n Suddenly, armed and uniformed gorillas on horseback charge through the cornfield, brandishing firearms, snares, and nets. They capture some humans and kill the rest. In the chaos, Dodge is shot in the back of the neck and killed, Landon is wounded and rendered unconscious, and Taylor is shot in the throat and taken prisoner. The gorillas take Taylor to Ape City, where his life is saved after a blood transfusion administered by two chimpanzees:animal psychologist Zira (Kim Hunter) and surgeon Galen (Wright King). While his throat wound is healing, he is unable to speak. Taylor discovers that the various apes, who can talk and are in control, are in a strict caste system:gorillas are police officers, military, hunters and workers; orangutans are administrators, politicians, lawyers and priests; and chimpanzees are intellectuals and scientists. The apes have developed a primitive society based on the beginnings of the human Industrial Era. They ride horses and have carts, rifles, and even primitive photography. Humans, who are believed by the apes to be unable to talk, are considered vermin and are hunted, either killed outright, enslaved, or used in scientific experiments. \n * AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movies–Nominated \n * AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Thrills–#59 \n * AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Heroes and Villains:\n * Colonel George Taylor–Nominated Hero \n * AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movie Quotes:\n * \"Take your stinking paws off me, you damned dirty ape!\"–#66 \n * AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores–#18 \n * AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)–Nominated \n * AFI's 10 Top 10–Nominated Science Fiction Film \n\n\n * Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011):A series reboot, directed by Rupert Wyatt, was released in August 5, 2011 to critical and commercial success. It is the first installment in the new series of films. \n * Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014):The second entry in the Planet of the Apes reboot series, directed by Matt Reeves, was released in July 11, 2014. \n * War for the Planet of the Apes (2017):The third film in the reboot series, directed by Matt Reeves, was released on July 14, 2017.",
"* Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011):A series reboot, directed by Rupert Wyatt, was released in August 5, 2011 to critical and commercial success. It is the first installment in the new series of films. \n * Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014):The second entry in the Planet of the Apes reboot series, directed by Matt Reeves, was released in July 11, 2014. \n * War for the Planet of the Apes (2017):The third film in the reboot series, directed by Matt Reeves, was released on July 14, 2017. \n\n\n A tribunal to determine Taylor's origins is convened by the president of the Assembly (James Whitmore), Dr. Zaius, and Maximus (Woodrow Parfrey). Dr. Honorious (James Daly) is the prosecutor. Taylor mentions his two comrades at this time. The court then produces Landon, who has been subjected to a lobotomy that has rendered him catatonic and unable to speak. After the tribunal, Dr. Zaius privately threatens to castrate and lobotomize Taylor if he does not tell the truth about where he came from. With help from Zira's socially rebellious nephew Lucius (Lou Wagner), Zira and Cornelius free Taylor and Nova and take them to the Forbidden Zone, a taboo region outside Ape City that has been ruled out of bounds for centuries by Ape Law. A year earlier, Cornelius led an expedition into the Forbidden Zone that found a cave containing artifacts of an earlier non-simian (and believed to be human) civilization. The group sets out for the cave to answer questions Taylor has about the evolution of the ape world and to prove he is not of that world. \n Numerous parodies and references have appeared in films and other media, including Spaceballs, The Simpsons, Futurama, Family Guy, South Park, Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back, Mad Men, The Big Bang Theory and the Madagascar films. \n Taylor and Nova, at last free, follow the shoreline and discover the remains of the Statue of Liberty, revealing that this \"alien\" planet is actually Earth long after a nuclear war. Realizing what Dr. Zaius meant earlier, Taylor falls to his knees in despair and anger and condemns humanity for destroying the world. \n * The crash of the astronauts' spacecraft was partially filmed in and around Lake Powell. \n\n * Horseshoe Bend on the Colorado River, near Page, Arizona, was a part of the Forbidden Zone, through which Taylor, Zira, and Cornelius fled Ape City. \n\n * Malibu Creek State Park, part of which was formerly the 20th Century Fox Movie Ranch, was the location of the astronauts' initial encounter with primitive humans and superior apes, and of Cornelius, Zira and Taylor's escape from Ape City. \n\n * The final scene was filmed at Point Dume's Westward Beach on the Malibu coast. \n\n * The cliff face of Point Dume is obscured by the matte painting of the Statue of Liberty. \n\n\n\n Planet of the Apes is a 1968 American science fiction film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner. It stars Charlton Heston, Roddy McDowall, Kim Hunter, Maurice Evans, James Whitmore, James Daly and Linda Harrison. The screenplay by Michael Wilson and Rod Serling was loosely based on the 1963 French novel La Planète des Singes by Pierre Boulle. Jerry Goldsmith composed the groundbreaking avant-garde score. It was the first in a series of five films made between 1968 and 1973, all produced by Arthur P. Jacobs and released by 20th Century Fox. \n Writer Rod Serling was brought back to work on an outline for a sequel. Serling's outline was ultimately discarded in favor of a story by associate producer Mort Abrahams and writer Paul Dehn, which became the basis for Beneath the Planet of the Apes. The original film series had four sequels:\n * Beneath the Planet of the Apes (1970) \n * Escape from the Planet of the Apes (1971) \n * Conquest of the Planet of the Apes (1972) \n * Battle for the Planet of the Apes (1973)",
"Michael Wilson's rewrite kept the basic structure of Serling's screenplay but rewrote all the dialogue and set the script in a more primitive society. According to associate producer Mort Abrahams an additional uncredited writer (his only recollection was that the writer's last name was Kelly) polished the script, rewrote some of the dialogue and included some of the more heavy-handed tongue-in-cheek dialogue (\"I never met an ape I didn't like\") which wasn't in either Serling or Wilson's drafts. According to Abraham some scenes, such as the one where the judges imitate the \"See no evil, speak no evil and hear no evil\" monkeys, were improvised on the set by director Franklin J. Schaffner and kept in the final film because of the audience reaction during test screenings prior to release. During filming John Chambers, who designed prosthetic make up in the film, held training sessions at 20th Century-Fox studios, where he mentored other make-up artists of the film. \n To convince the Fox Studio that a Planet of the Apes film could be made, the producers shot a brief test scene from a Rod Serling draft of the script, using early versions of the ape makeup. Charlton Heston appeared as an early version of Taylor (named Thomas, as he was in the Serling-penned drafts), Edward G. Robinson appeared as Zaius, while two then-unknown Fox contract actors, James Brolin and Linda Harrison, played Cornelius and Zira. This test footage is included on several DVD releases of the film, as well as the documentary Behind the Planet of the Apes. Linda Harrison, at the time the girlfriend of studio chief Richard Zanuck, went on to play Nova in the 1968 film and its first sequel, and had a cameo in Tim Burton's Planet of the Apes more than 30 years later, which was also produced by Zanuck. Although Harrison often opined that the producers had always had her in mind for the role of Nova, they had, in fact, considered first Ursula Andress, then Raquel Welch, and Angelique Pettyjohn. When these three women proved unavailable or uninterested, Zanuck gave the part to Harrison. Dr. Zaius was originally to have been played by Robinson, but he backed out due to the heavy makeup and long sessions required to apply it. Robinson later made his final film, Soylent Green (1973), opposite his one-time Ten Commandments (1956) co-star Heston. \n Astronauts Taylor (Charlton Heston), Landon (Robert Gunner), Dodge (Jeff Burton) and Stewart are in deep hibernation when their spaceship crashes in a lake on an unknown planet after a long near-light speed voyage, during which, due to time dilation, the crew ages only 18 months. As the ship sinks, Taylor finds Stewart dead and her body desiccated. They throw an inflatable raft from the ship and climb down into it; before departing the ship, Taylor notes that the date is November 25, 3978, approximately two millennia after their departure in 1972. Once ashore, Dodge performs a soil test and pronounces the soil incapable of sustaining life. \n The film tells the story of an astronaut crew who crash-land on a strange planet in the distant future. Although the planet appears desolate at first, the surviving crew members stumble upon a society in which apes have evolved into creatures with human-like intelligence and speech. The apes have assumed the role of the dominant species and humans are mute creatures wearing animal skins. \n Arriving at the cave, Cornelius is intercepted by Dr. Zaius and his soldiers. Taylor holds them off, threatening to shoot them if he has to. Zaius agrees to enter the cave to disprove their theories and to avoid physical harm to Cornelius and Zira. Inside, Cornelius displays the remnants of a technologically advanced human society pre-dating simian history. Taylor identifies artifacts such as dentures, eyeglasses, a heart valve and, to the apes' astonishment, a talking children's doll. More soldiers appear and Lucius is overpowered, but Taylor again fends them off. Dr. Zaius is held hostage so Taylor can escape, but he admits to Taylor that he has always known that a human civilization existed long before apes ruled the planet and that \"the Forbidden Zone was once a paradise, your breed made a desert of it ... ages ago!\" Taylor nonetheless thinks it best to search for answers, but Dr. Zaius warns him that he may not like what he finds. Once Taylor and Nova have ridden off, Dr. Zaius has the gorillas lay explosives to seal off the cave and destroy the remaining evidence of the human society. He then has Zira, Cornelius and Lucius charged with heresy. \n * Comic book adaptations of the films were published by Gold Key (1970) and Marvel Comics (b/w magazine 1974-77, color comic book 1975-76). Malibu Comics reprinted the Marvel adaptations when they had the license in the early 1980s. Dark Horse Comics published an adaptation for the 2001 Tim Burton film. Currently Boom! Studios has the licensing rights to Planet of the Apes. Their stories tell the tale of Ape City and its inhabitants before Taylor arrived. However, in July 2014, it was announced that Boom! Studios and IDW Publishing will do a crossover between Planet of the Apes and Star Trek the original series. \n\n\n * Charlton Heston as George Taylor \n * Roddy McDowall as Cornelius \n * Kim Hunter as Zira \n * Maurice Evans as Dr. Zaius \n * James Whitmore as President of the Assembly \n * James Daly as Honorious \n * Linda Harrison as Nova \n * Robert Gunner as Landon \n * Lou Wagner as Lucius \n * Woodrow Parfrey as Maximus \n * Jeff Burton as Dodge \n * Buck Kartalian as Julius \n * Norman Burton as Hunt Leader \n * Wright King as Dr. Galen \n * Paul Lambert as Minister \n\n\n The spacecraft onscreen is never actually named in the film. But for the 40th anniversary release of the Blu-ray edition of the film, in the short-film created for the release called A Public Service Announcement from ANSA, the ship is called \"Liberty 1\". The ship had originally been called \"Immigrant One\" in an early draft of the script, and then called \"Air Force One\" in a test set of Topps Collectible cards, and dubbed \"Icarus\" by a fan; that name gained popularity among Ape fandom. \n Planet of the Apes \n--- \nTheatrical release poster \nDirected by | Franklin J. Schaffner \nProduced by | Arthur P. Jacobs \nScreenplay by | \n\n * Michael Wilson \n * Rod Serling \n\n \nBased on | Planet of the Apes by Pierre Boulle \nStarring | \n\n * Charlton Heston \n * Roddy McDowall \n * Maurice Evans \n * Kim Hunter \n * James Whitmore \n * James Daly \n * Linda Harrison \n\n \nMusic by | Jerry Goldsmith \nCinematography | Leon Shamroy \nEdited by | Hugh S. Fowler \nProduction company | APJAC Productions \nDistributed by | 20th Century Fox \nRelease date |",
"* Michael Wilson \n * Rod Serling \n\n \nBased on | Planet of the Apes by Pierre Boulle \nStarring | \n\n * Charlton Heston \n * Roddy McDowall \n * Maurice Evans \n * Kim Hunter \n * James Whitmore \n * James Daly \n * Linda Harrison \n\n \nMusic by | Jerry Goldsmith \nCinematography | Leon Shamroy \nEdited by | Hugh S. Fowler \nProduction company | APJAC Productions \nDistributed by | 20th Century Fox \nRelease date | \n\n * February 8, 1968 (1968-02-08) (Capitol Theatre) \n * April 3, 1968 (1968-04-03) (United States) \n * * * \n \nRunning time | 112 minutes \nCountry | United States \nLanguage | English \nBudget | $5.8 million \nBox office | $33.4 million (North America) \n Filming began on May 21, 1967, and ended on August 10, 1967. Most of the early scenes of a desert-like terrain were shot in northern Arizona near the Grand Canyon, the Colorado River, Lake Powell, Glen Canyon and other locations near Page, Arizona Most scenes of the ape village, interiors and exteriors, were filmed on the Fox Ranch in Malibu Creek State Park, northwest of Los Angeles, essentially the backlot of 20th Century Fox. The concluding beach scenes were filmed on a stretch of California seacoast between Malibu and Oxnard with cliffs that towered 130 feet above the shore. Reaching the beach on foot was virtually impossible, so cast, crew, film equipment, and even horses had to be lowered in by helicopter. The remains of the Statue of Liberty were shot in a secluded cove on the far eastern end of Westward Beach, between Zuma Beach and Point Dume in Malibu. As noted in the documentary Behind the Planet of the Apes, the special effect shot of the half-buried statue was achieved by seamlessly blending a matte painting with existing cliffs. The shot looking down at Taylor was done from a 70-foot scaffold, angled over a 1/2-scale papier-mache model of the Statue. The actors in Planet of the Apes were so affected by their roles and wardrobe that, when not shooting, they automatically segregated themselves with the species they were portraying. \n The film was released on February 8, 1968, in the United States and was a commercial success, earning a lifetime domestic gross of $32.6 million. The film was groundbreaking for its prosthetic makeup techniques by artist John Chambers and was well received by critics and audiences, launching a film franchise, including four sequels, as well as a short-lived television show, animated series, comic books, and various merchandising. In particular, Roddy McDowall had a long-running relationship with the Apes series, appearing in four of the original five films (absent, apart from a brief voiceover, from the second film of the series, Beneath the Planet of the Apes, in which he was replaced by David Watson in the role of Cornelius), and also in the television series. \n The film is also alluded to in literature, most notably in Junot Díaz's Pulitzer-winning novel The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao. \n The film won an honorary Academy Award for John Chambers for his outstanding make-up achievement. The film was nominated for Best Costume Design (Morton Haack) and Best Original Score for a Motion Picture (not a Musical) (Jerry Goldsmith). The score is known for its avant-garde compositional techniques, as well as the use of unusual percussion instruments and extended performance techniques, as well as his 12-note music (the violin part using all 12 chromatic notes) to give an eerie, unsettled feel to the planet, mirroring the sense of placelessness. \n * Planet of the Apes (2001):The film was a re-imagining of the original film, directed by Tim Burton."
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"1992 Lancashire Cup The 1992 Lancashire Cup was the 80th and last occasion on which the Lancashire Cup completion was held. Wigan won the trophy by beating St. Helens by the score of 5-4 in the final. The failure of London Crusaders to enter, due primarily to financial pressures, resulted in the number of entrants this year decreasing by one to 16. This resulted in a full fixture list, with no requirement for a preliminary round, nor any “blank” or “dummy” fixtures or any byes. Involved 8 matches (with no byes) and 16 Clubs. </div> Involved 4 matches and 8 Clubs </div> Involved 2 matches and 4 Clubs </div> The match was played at Knowsley Road, Eccleston, St Helens, Merseyside, (historically in the county of Lancashire). The attendance was 20,534. </div> </div> Scoring - Try = four (4) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = one (1) point 1 * The attendance is given as 3,500 in the Widnes official archives - RUGBYLEAGUEproject gives it as 3,499|| 2 * The official Widnes archives give the attendance as 3,700 - RUGBYLEAGUEproject data gives it as 3,733 3 * St Helens won the toss for the home advantage 4 * Knowsley Road was the home ground of St. Helens from 1890 to 2010. The final capacity was in the region of 18,000, although the actual record attendance was 35,695 set on December 26, 1949, for a league game between St Helens and Wigan To date, this was the last season for the Lancashire (and Yorkshire) Cup competitions, which except for the break due to the two World Wars, had taken place annually since its inauguration in the 1905–06 season. It was fitting that the last name on the cup should be the same as the first, that of Wigan, and that the last final should be between the two clubs which had the best records in the competition. It was only after the two county finals had been played that it was announced that the competitions were to be scrapped; news which came as a major surprise and shock to the fans. The reasons given by the ruling body, the Rugby Football League, were that it was deemed the cup was adding to fixture congestion for more successful sides and also that a local county cup did not fit the modern image of Rugby League. </div> This table lists all the semi-professional clubs which have entered the competition and the number (and dates) of their cup final wins, cup final runner-up spots, and losing semi-Final appearances. </div> 1992 Lancashire Cup The 1992 Lancashire Cup was the 80th and last occasion on which the Lancashire Cup completion was held. Wigan won the trophy by beating St. Helens by the score of 5-4 in the final. The failure of London Crusaders to enter, due primarily to financial pressures, resulted in the number of entrants this year decreasing by one to 16. This resulted in a full fixture list, with no"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"W. Tyrone Power Sir William James Tyrone Power (1819–1911) was an Australian artist, soldier, and author. His images of New Zealand during the 1840s provide an important source for information about the years immediately prior to and during the first years of the New Zealand Wars, during which time he lived in Wanganui. He served as Commissary General in Chief of the British Army and briefly Agent-General for New Zealand. His grandson, Sir Tyrone Guthrie, was a notable theatre director. Power was related to the Irish-American acting family, several members of whom shared his name. His father, Tyrone Power, was a noted Irish actor whose descendants include Hollywood actors Tyrone Power Sr. (1869-1931), Tyrone Power (1914-1958), and Tyrone Power Jr. (born 1959). W. Tyrone Power Sir William James Tyrone Power (1819–1911) was an Australian artist, soldier, and author. His images of New Zealand during the 1840s provide an important source for information about the years immediately prior to and during the first years of the New Zealand Wars, during which time he lived in Wanganui. He served as Commissary General in Chief of the British Army and briefly Agent-General for New Zealand. His grandson, Sir Tyrone Guthrie, was a notable"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Thiruvattar Thiruvattar is a panchayat town in Kanniyakumari district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. This town is situated 6 km north-east of Marthandam and 30 km north-west of Nagercoil. The two main rivers Pahrali River and Kothai surround the village and join in Moovattumugam, giving the name \"Thiru\" (sacred)+ \"vatta\" (surround)+ \"aru\" (river). This village, where the Sri Adikesavaperumal Temple is located, is one of the 108 Divya Desams. India census, Thiruvattaru had a population of 18,404. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Thiruvattaru has an average literacy rate of 77%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 75%. In Thiruvattaru, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. Thiruvattar assembly constituency is part of Nagercoil (Lok Sabha constituency). As per the latest restructuring, the Thiruvattar assembly constituency has been split and merged with nearby constituencies. Thiruvattar Thiruvattar is a panchayat town in Kanniyakumari district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. This town is situated 6 km north-east of Marthandam and 30 km north-west of Nagercoil. The two main rivers Pahrali River and Kothai surround the village and join in Moovattumugam, giving the name"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"2004 Fed Cup The 2004 Fed Cup was the 42nd edition of the most important competition between national teams in women's tennis. The final was held at the Ice Stadium Krylatskoe in Moscow, Russia, on 27–28 November. The home team Russia defeated the defending champion France to win their first title after five final appearances. Date: 10–11 July The eight losing teams in the World Group first round ties and eight winners of the Zonal Group I sections competed in the World Group Play-offs for spots in the 2005 World Group II. Venue: Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil (outdoor clay) Dates: 19–24 April Venue: Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil (outdoor clay) Dates: 19–24 April Venue: New Delhi, India (outdoor hard) Dates: 19–24 April Venue: New Delhi, India (outdoor hard) Dates: 19–24 April Venue: Athens, Greece (outdoor clay) Dates: 19–24 April Venue: Marsa, Malta (outdoor hard) Dates: 26 April – 1 May Venue: Marsa, Malta (outdoor hard) Dates: 26 April – 1 May The rankings were measured after the three points during the year that play took place, and were collated by combining points earned from the previous four years. 2004 Fed Cup The 2004 Fed Cup was the 42nd edition of the"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Dan Keatings Daniel Ryan Keatings (born 4 January 1990 in Kettering, England) is a British artistic gymnast. He trains at the Huntingdon Olympic Gymnastics Club under coach Paul Hall alongside teammate Louis Smith. Keatings represented Scotland at the 2006 Commonwealth Games and Great Britain at the 2007 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships, 2009 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships, 2011 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships and the 2008 Summer Olympics In April 2009, Keatings won the all-around silver medal in the European Gymnastics Championships in Milan. He also won the bronze medal in the pommel horse final. In September 2009 Keatings gained a sponsorship deal with business power supplier Opus Energy. The company agreed to cover his competition fees, equipment, and travel costs. During the same year, Daniel also became an official ambassador for premium sports nutrition brand Maximuscle. On 15 October 2009, Keatings made history when he became the first British gymnast to win a medal in the all-around event at the Artistic World Championships. The event, which was held at the O2 Arena in London, saw Keatings rise to the occasion and record a score of 88.925, taking the silver medal in front of the home crowd. On 25 April 2010, Keatings made history again when he won Great Britain's first-ever Senior European Championship gold medal on the pommel horse the day after he helped Great Britain to win a historic silver medal in the team competition (their previous highest finish was 9th in 2008). Returning from an injury, he made a comeback at the 2011 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Tokyo. He did not have a good competition in the preliminary rounds, including a fall off the pommel horse and a particularly nasty fall on high bar. He was not the only one of the British men's team to falter, and the team did not qualify through to the team final, finishing in 10th place. In addition, Keatings failed to qualify through to any of the individual event finals. On 25 March 2012, Daniel competed at the Turnier der Meister FIG Challenge Cup C III Apparatus, Cottbus, Germany. After exceeding all expectations, Daniel reached the final and held his nerve, producing a quality routine that scored 15.775 for the silver medal, just over a tenth of a mark behind the Olympic champion, Xiao Qin of China. Keatings again represented Scotland at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. As part of the Scottish team, he won a silver medal in the team competition on 29 July 2014 and followed this with another silver in the individual all-around final on 30 July. Keatings won gold in the pommel horse final on 31 July with a score of 16.058. Dan Keatings Daniel Ryan Keatings (born 4 January 1990 in Kettering, England) is a British artistic gymnast. He trains at the Huntingdon Olympic Gymnastics Club under coach Paul Hall alongside teammate Louis Smith. Keatings represented Scotland at the 2006 Commonwealth Games and Great Britain at the 2007 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships, 2009 World Artistic Gymnastics"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Mary O'Neill Mary O'Neill (born November 7, 1941) is a politician and former member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. O'Neill graduated from the University of Toronto with a Bachelor of Arts, and subsequently received her teaching certification from the Ontario College of Education. She taught in both public and private schools. After retiring from teaching, she worked as a realtor and served as a school trustee with the Greater St. Albert Catholic Schools. In the 1997 provincial election, O'Neill was the Progressive Conservative candidate in the riding of St. Albert, where she faced Liberal incumbent Len Bracko. In the closest race of the election, O'Neill defeated Bracko by 16 votes. In a rematch during the 2001 election, O'Neill increased her lead over Bracko to more than two thousand votes in her successful bid for re-election. In office, O'Neill was best known for sponsoring the School Trustee Statutes Amendment Act, 2002, which proposed to prohibit teachers from serving as school trustees anywhere in the province (at the time, teachers were only prohibited from serving as trustees in the district in which they taught). The Act was passed by the legislature, but was struck down as contravening the Charter of Rights and Freedoms by the Alberta Court of Queen's Bench two years later. O'Neill also served as a member of one of the Ralph Klein government's \"truth squads\", formed to defend the government's highly controversial Health Care Protection Act (Bill 11). She chaired the 2000 Fees and Charges Review Committee, which made recommendations on a wide variety of government-assessed fees. In the 2004 provincial election, O'Neill was defeated by Liberal Jack Flaherty. Since her defeat, she has served on the University of Alberta Senate, on the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology Board of Governors, and as the Executive Director of the Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital Foundation. She has remained politically active, organizing the first debate of the 2006 Progressive Conservative leadership election and endorsing Brent Rathgeber in his bid to secure the Conservative Party of Canada nomination in Edmonton—St. Albert. In May 2007, O'Neill quelled speculation that she would run in the next provincial election, stating that she wasn't interested. Mary O'Neill Mary O'Neill (born November 7, 1941) is a politician and former member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. O'Neill graduated from the University of Toronto with a Bachelor of Arts, and subsequently received her teaching certification from the Ontario College"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Edmund Ashfield (Catholic agent) Edmund Ashfield (1576ca. 1620) was an English Catholic from Tattenhoe in Buckinghamshire. He was educated at St Mary Hall, Oxford. In 1599 he travelled to Edinburgh to meet James VI of Scotland. The resident English diplomat organised his kidnap and rendition apparently in the belief that Ashfield was an agent of James VI and working to further his succession to the English throne. In 1606, Ashfield was involved in the rebuilding of Ashridge Priory for Sir Thomas Egerton. In 1612, the author Henry Peacham dedicated his \"Graphice, or the Auncient Arte of Drawing and Limning\" to Ashfield, by then Deputy-Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire. An aunt or cousin Cecily Ashfield was married to the Lord Chancellor Sir John Fortescue of Salden. Edmund's uncle Thomas Ashfield was a bailiff for the Earl of Oxford in 1571, and Edmund was Thomas's heir in 1609. Edmund Ashfield wrote to James VI offering the advice that he ought to publish books setting forth his claim to the succession to Elizabeth I of England, and showing how he could gain support and rule. This approach was in response to the Jesuit position on the succession, set out in the pseudonymous succession tract by \"R. Doleman\". It was therefore in the period 1594–8. Ashfield obtained a pass to enter Scotland from Peregrine Bertie, Baron Willoughby, Governor of Berwick upon Tweed and was helped in Scotland by Robert Ker of Cessford. Ashfield spoke to James VI twice, in Edinburgh and during the King's hunting at Colinton. An agent of the Earl of Essex, Thomas Weyman, later wrote that Ashfield had discussed the possibility of James becoming King of England over dinner with some noblemen. The Earl of Cassilis joked: \"Truly the Englishmen are good husbandmen, and have so well manured their grounds that we shall find a goodly and pleasant dwelling there when we come.\" Weyman thought that Ashfield's activities would turn James against the Earl of Essex. When the English ambassador in Scotland William Bowes and Willoughby discovered Ashfield's plans they organised a kidnap. John Guevara, the Deputy Warden of the East Marches and Willoughby's cousin, and three assistants were sent to Edinburgh. Willoughby later attributed the plan to his servant Waterhouse. They met Ashfield on the sands at Leith where he was riding with his Scottish friends and, it was alleged, gave him drugged wine, described as if \"some opium had been given him with his sugar in his wine, which so bedulled his senses as he wist not what he did for the time.\" Then he was driven away to Berwick in the English ambassador's coach while thinking he was getting a lift back to Edinburgh. Guevara's team were armed only with the rapiers and daggers that they normally carried. Willoughby had also organised a ship to lie off Prestonpans to give support if necessary. Ashfield's papers too were seized in Edinburgh and taken to Berwick. Willoughby wrote to Robert Cecil explaining his actions on 13 June 1599, and refused to return Ashfield to Scotland. James VI was unsurprisingly indignant at this activity and wrote to Willoughby on 14 June 1599 demanding Ashfield's return or an explanation for \"the taking away violentlie out of the hart of our country and in sight of our chief palais and eyes of our counsale, ane Inglis gentilman.\" However, Willoughby reported that the Protestant clergy of Edinburgh were pleased with the taking of an enemy of religion. William Bowes, was forced into virtual house-arrest, and reportedly imprisoned at Edinburgh Castle. He was recalled and left Scotland shortly afterwards. Another English diplomat, George Nicolson, was not involved but felt he was endangered. Ashfield meanwhile was kept prisoner with two Yeomen of the Guard as his warders. James VI wrote to Elizabeth on 30 April 1601 mentioning Ashfield and the unfortunate consequences of his visit to Scotland. Ashfield was returned to favour in England when James became King. He was knighted at the Tower of London on 14 March 1604, given the lease of Whaddon Priory, and in April 1604 admitted as one of his Majesty's pensioners in ordinary. Ashfield's abduction was recorded as a 'heist' in a near-contemporary Scottish chronicle. This continuation of the \"Historie of King James the Sext\" follows the English letters by describing Ashfield as favoured by James VI;Sir William Bowes, ambassador for hir majestie, used a slight (deceitful) stratageme by exposing sum of his craftie gentilmen to beare cumpanie with an Inglish gentilman of account whom the king favorit for certen secret occasionis betuix them, and heistit the man a cosh (on a coach), maid haistie depesh (despatch) of him towart Ingland, for the whilk his majestie was exceiding angrie; and therfore causit the lodging of the said ambassador to be ombeset at all partis (surrounded) least he sould escape. Bot that matter was sone pacefeit. Edmund Ashfield (Catholic agent) Edmund Ashfield (1576ca. 1620) was an English Catholic from Tattenhoe in Buckinghamshire. He was educated at St Mary Hall, Oxford. In 1599 he travelled to Edinburgh to meet James VI of Scotland. The resident English diplomat organised his kidnap and rendition apparently in the belief that Ashfield was an agent of James VI and working to further his succession to the English throne. In 1606, Ashfield was involved in the rebuilding of Ashridge Priory for Sir Thomas Egerton. In 1612, the author Henry Peacham dedicated his \"Graphice, or the Auncient Arte of Drawing"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Fort Frye High School Fort Frye High School is a public high school near Beverly, Ohio, United States. It is the only high school in the Fort Frye Local School District. Athletic teams compete as the Fort Frye Cadets in the Ohio High School Athletic Association as a member of the Ohio Valley Athletic Conference as well as the Pioneer Valley Conference. There are three active Elementary Schools in the Fort Frye Local Schools District: Beverly-Center Elementary, Lowell Elementary (Lowell, Ohio), and Salem-Liberty Elementary (Lower Salem, Ohio). Beverly was renamed to Beverly-Center in 2007 after the closing (due mainly to budgetary reasons) of Center Elementary (Hackney, Ohio). Most remaining Center students are now bused to Beverly-Center Elementary. Current superintendent is Dr. Stephanie Starcher. Principals include: Andy Schob at the high school, Krista Ross (Lowell & Salem-Liberty), and Megan Miller (Beverly-Center). Students and teachers at Fort Frye High School often refer to the school as \"The Fort\", referencing the pioneer fortification, Fort Frye, built by settlers for protection during the Northwest Indian War. Fort Frye High School Fort Frye High School is a public high school near Beverly, Ohio, United States. It is the only high school in the Fort Frye"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Patanwadia The Patanwadia are a Hindu caste found in the state of Gujarat in India. They are also known as Thakore, Thakarda, Dharala and Baria. The Patanwadia are a sub-group of the larger Koli community, and get their name from the city of Patan, in Mehsana District. Patan was the historic capital of Gujarat. They have historically connected with the Rajputs of Gujarat, with whom they maintain hypergamous marriages. The Patanwadia are found mainly in Kheda, Vadodara, Mehsana, Bharuch and Surat districts of Gujarat. They speak Gujarati and have backward caste status. The Patanwadia have a number of clans which are not strictly exogamous in nature. Their main clans are the Solanki, Jhala, Chavda, Gohil, Chauhan, Vaghela and Rathore, all of whom are also pre-existing Rajput clans. Recently (British Raj) due to the process of sanskritzation, they consider themselves to be of Kshatriya status. However, other groups consider them to be Koli sub-group. The Patanwadia are traditionally agriculturist and also act as village guards. They are mainly small and medium-sized farmers, with many also keep buffaloes. As a result of urbanization, many are involved in the cutting and polishing of diamonds, especially those who have settled in the city of Surat. Patanwadia The Patanwadia are a Hindu caste found in the state of Gujarat in India. They are also known as Thakore, Thakarda, Dharala and Baria. The Patanwadia are a sub-group of the larger Koli community, and get their name from the city of Patan, in Mehsana District. Patan was the historic capital of Gujarat. They have historically connected with the Rajputs of Gujarat, with whom they maintain hypergamous marriages. The Patanwadia are found mainly in Kheda, Vadodara, Mehsana, Bharuch and Surat districts of Gujarat. They speak Gujarati and have backward caste status. The Patanwadia have a number of clans"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Ritter (crater) Ritter is a lunar impact crater located near the southwestern edge of Mare Tranquillitatis and are named after Carl and Georg August Dietrich Ritter. It is the northwestern member of a crater pair with Sabine about 3 km southeast. Its diameter is 29 km long which is shorter than the partner crater and is 1,300 meters deep which is roughly the same. Also, the area is around 675 km² and the perimeter is over 90 km. From that location the Earth would appear in the lunar sky at over 2 degrees from the top and it is seen more than 19 degrees towards the west. The two rims are separated by a narrow valley only a couple of kilometers wide. About half a crater diameter south (about 12 km) is Schmidt, around 40 km northwest is the crater Dionysius, and to the north-northeast are Manners (about 60 km) and Arago. This crater is roughly circular but with an irregular outer rim. The inner walls have slumped down towards the floor. The interior is irregular with several low ridges. To the northwest of Ritter is a system of parallel rilles designated Rimae Ritter. These follow a course to the northwest. Ray systems dominate around Ritter notably the west, they are founded inside the satellite crater Ritter B but not Ritter as the ray systems surrounds it. Ranger 8 flew over Ritter prior to impact in Mare Tranquilitatis. Both Sabine and Ritter were originally believed to be calderas rather than impact craters. In \"To A Rocky Moon\", lunar geologist Don E. Wilhelms summarized: \"They are identical twins in morphology and size (29-30 km). They lack radial rim ejecta and secondary craters despite their apparent youth. They are positioned at the presumably active edge of a mare. They are even aligned along graben, the Hypatia rilles. Most significant, they lack deep floors recognized since the days of Gilbert as diagnostic of impacts.\" However, after the Apollo landings were complete, it was realized that \"all craters inside basins suffer enhanced isostatic uplift,\" because \"the thin crust and greater heat inside basins lower the viscosity of the craters' substrate, allowing it to reach isostasy with its surroundings more quickly than can other craters.\" By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Ritter. All of its craters are located to the north, inbetweeen is Ritter B, between the main crater and that is Ritter C and further north is Ritter D. Ritter (crater) Ritter is a lunar impact crater located near the southwestern edge of Mare Tranquillitatis and are named after Carl and Georg August Dietrich Ritter. It is the northwestern member of a crater pair with Sabine about 3 km southeast. Its diameter is 29 km long which is shorter than the partner crater and is 1,300 meters deep which is roughly the same. Also, the area is around 675 km² and the perimeter is over 90"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"USS McCawley (DD-276) USS \"McCawley\" (DD-276) was a built for the United States Navy during World WarI. She was armed with 4× 4inch and 2× 1pounder guns. She was commissioned on 22September 1919, served with the Pacific Fleet for 3 years and was laid up on 7June 1922. \"McCawley\" was recommissioned on 27September 1923, again serving in the Pacific, and decommissioned in 1930 before being sold for scrap. The \"Clemson\" class was a repeat of the preceding although more fuel capacity was added. The ships displaced at standard load and at deep load. They had an overall length of , a beam of and a draught of . They had a crew of 6 officers and 108 enlisted men. Performance differed radically between the ships of the class, often due to poor workmanship. The \"Clemson\" class was powered by two steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by four water-tube boilers. The turbines were designed to produce a total of intended to reach a speed of . The ships carried a maximum of of fuel oil which was intended gave them a range of at . The ships were armed with four 4-inch (102 mm) guns in single mounts and were fitted with two 1-pounder guns for anti-aircraft defense. In many ships a shortage of 1-pounders caused them to be replaced by 3-inch (76 mm) guns. Their primary weapon, though, was their torpedo battery of a dozen 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes in four triple mounts. They also carried a pair of depth charge rails. A \"Y-gun\" depth charge thrower was added to many ships. \"McCawley\", named for Colonel Charles McCawley, was laid down 5 November 1918 by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation's Fore River Shipyard in Quincy, Massachusetts; launched 14 June 1919; sponsored by Miss Eleanor Laurie McCawley, granddaughter of Colonel McCawley; and commissioned 22 September 1919, Lieutenant (junior grade) H. E. Haynes, in command. Following an east coast fitting out and shakedown period, \"McCawley\" sailed for San Diego, California where she joined Destroyer Squadron 2, later DesRon 4, Pacific Fleet. She participated in local exercises off the west coast until she decommissioned at San Diego 7June 1922. On 27September 1923 \"McCawley\" was recommissioned and again assigned to the Pacific Fleet. For the next 6 years she operated there, taking part in various local, squadron and fleet training exercises. During 1924 and 1927 she steamed to the Caribbean for fleet problems, but otherwise spent the entire period in operations along the west coast, from San Diego to Puget Sound, and in Hawaiian waters. \"McCawley\" was designated for deactivation under the terms of the London Treaty for the Limitation of Naval Armament and decommissioned at San Diego on 1 April 1930. Her name was struck from the Navy list on 13 August 1930 and her hulk was scrapped and sold at auction 2 September 1931. USS McCawley (DD-276) USS \"McCawley\" (DD-276) was a built for the United States Navy during World WarI. She was armed with 4×"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Ludwika Paleta Ludwika Paleta (; born Ludwika Paleta Paciorek on 28 November 1978 in Kraków, Poland) is a Polish-born Mexican actress. Paleta was born in Kraków, Poland in 1978. When her father, the musician Zbigniew Paleta, was offered a job in Mexico, the Paleta family settled permanently. As a child, Ludwika was taken by her sister Dominika Paleta, to an acting audition on a whim. Ludwika impressed the casting directors so much that soon after, she was offered her first television role in \"Carrusel\" (1989). Paleta became an instant celebrity with her character, and a sex-symbol among Mexican pre-teen boys. Three years later, in 1992, she returned to the small screen in what she calls her favorite television job yet, \"El abuelo y yo\" opposite Gael García Bernal. Roles in \"Huracán, Amigas y Rivales,\" and \"Mujer de Madera\" soon followed. Her most recent work in television was in the Endemol-Telefe produced \"Los Exitosos Perez.\" Paleta has obtained great fame and popularity in the Latin American country that has been her home since she was merely a child. In an interview, Ludwika Paleta declared that she loves both Mexico and Poland, but that she does not see herself living outside of Mexico in the near-future. She is fluent in Spanish, Polish and English. In 1998 Paleta married Mexican actor, Plutarco Haza. Their son, Nicolás, was born November 11, 1999. They divorced in 2008. She remarried near Mérida, Yucatán, México on April 20, 2013 with Emiliano Salinas Occelli, son of former Mexican president Carlos Salinas de Gortari. Paleta recently appeared on the cover of the magazine \"H para Hombres\". She also joined actor Aarón Díaz as spokespeople for Calvin Klein in Mexico. In 2012, she starred as Estefania Bouvier de Castañón in Abismo de pasion as part of a special participation. Ludwika"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Thomas Rogne Thomas Rogne (born 29 June 1990) is a Norwegian professional footballer who plays for Polish club Lech Poznań as a defender. Rogne has also been capped for the Norway national team. Rogne started his career with Norwegian club Stabæk. He missed the entire 2008 season after tearing the anterior cruiciate ligament in his knee in a pre-season friendly against Russian side Krylia Sovetov in La Manga. He played for Stabæk in UEFA Champions League qualifying matches against Copenhagen and Valencia, and also represented the club in the Europa League. Rogne signed for Celtic on 20 January 2010, and joined on a three and a half-year contract. Ex-Celtic player Vidar Riseth described him as \"the best young talent to come out for Norway in the past ten years\". Rogne was given the number 25 shirt. On 10 February 2010, Rogne made his Celtic debut coming on as a substitute for Glenn Loovens in a 2–0 home win against Hearts in the SPL. He made his first start for Celtic at home against Dundee United in a 1–0 victory on 20 February 2010, he played very well and impressed the coach Tony Mowbray. Rogne impressed against Rangers on 28 February 2010 but was taken off due to a hamstring injury. He returned two months later in an away game against Dundee United but once again had to leave the field early through injury. Rogne made his first competitive start of the 2010–11 season for Celtic against St Johnstone in a 3–0 win. In the following game he was sent off for a professional foul against Aberdeen. Despite this, Celtic went on to win the game by a record-breaking 9–0 score. He scored his first goal for Celtic in a 1–1 draw against Kilmarnock in December 2010. Rogne won many plaudits for his performance as Celtic beat Rangers 2–0 at Ibrox in the 2011 New Year derby. He scored his second goal for Celtic against Aberdeen in their 4–1 League Cup semi-final win on 29 January 2011. Rogne took part in his first major Cup Final on 20 March 2011 when Celtic played Rangers in the Scottish League Cup Final, but they lost 2–1. An injury in May sidelined Rogne for the rest of the season. Injury kept Rogne out of the Celtic side for the first few months of the following season. He returned to the Celtic first team in October 2011 in their League Cup quarter-final tie against Hibernian. Rogne continued to struggle with a series of minor injuries, but nevertheless played well in the majority of his sporadic appearances, having kept a clean sheet in over half the games he played. On 25 March 2012, he scored in Celtic's 3–2 defeat to Rangers at Ibrox. On 27 June 2013, it was confirmed that Rogne would leave Celtic after his contract expired to join FA Cup holders Wigan Athletic on a free transfer, signing a three-year contract. On 31 August 2013, Rogne made his Wigan debut at home against Nottingham Forest in a 2–1 win for the side. On 14 March 2015, Rogne signed a three-year-long contract with Allsvenskan team IFK Göteborg. On 1 August 2017, Rogne signed a three-year contract with Ekstraklasa side Lech Poznań. The contract is effective from 1 January 2018. Rogne has represented Norway at youth level, and played for the under-19 team in the 2009 UEFA Under-19 Championship qualification. Rogne was later captain of the under-21 team, and were playing alongside the captain Stefan Strandberg in the central defence when Norway U21 qualified for the 2013 UEFA European Under-21 Championship. In March 2011, he received his first call-up to the Norway senior side for their Euro 2012 qualification match with Denmark but did not feature. Rogne made his senior debut for Norway on 29 February 2012 in a 3–0 friendly win against Northern Ireland. Thomas Rogne Thomas Rogne (born 29 June 1990) is a Norwegian professional footballer who plays for Polish club Lech Poznań as a defender. Rogne has also been capped for the Norway national team. Rogne started his career with Norwegian club Stabæk. He missed the entire 2008 season after tearing the anterior cruiciate ligament in his knee in a pre-season friendly"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"International Defence and Aid Fund The International Defence and Aid Fund or IDAF (also the Defence Aid Fund for Southern Africa) was a fund created by John Collins during the 1956 Treason Trial in South Africa. After learning of those accused of treason for protesting against apartheid, including Nelson Mandela, Collins created the fund in order to pay all legal expenses and look after the families of those on trial. The group was non-partisan. This was one of the first examples of foreign intervention against apartheid in South Africa and proved very successful with over £75,000 being raised towards defending those accused. Ultimately all were acquitted In 1981, the Defence Aid Fund for Southern Africa founded Canon Collins Trust, now known as Canon Collins Educational & Legal Assistance Trust. The IDAF had its start with Collins, who first wired funds to help the 156 South Africans facing charges of High Treason. Collins wired \"all available Christian Action funds\" in order to create a defence fund for the defendants. Collins ensured that the defendants had the \"best and most progressive lawyers.\" In 1957, the campaigner Mary Benson joined the Defence Fund as its secretary. Ambrose Reeves, the Bishop of Johannesburg, felt that there would be other treason trials in the future and so he asked Collins to set a \"more permanent structure to defend political prisoners.\" Collins set up the British Defence and Aid Fund (BDAF) in response. At first BDAF was part of Christian Action, but it eventually separated from Christian Action in order to work more independently. In addition to having independent action the fund needed to become international. In 1964, the organization opened branches in Sweden, Norway, Australia and Switzerland. Collins invited delegates from the countries that had branches to come to the Russell Hotel in Bloomsbury and together they officially founded the newly named International Defence and Aid Fund (IDAF) on June 20, 1964. In November of that year, the United Nations gave the group a \"stamp of approval.\" In addition, Amnesty International and the Joint Committee for High Commission Territories became involved. The South African branch of IDAF was banned in South Africa on March 18, 1966 under the Suppression of Communism Act and the government made it illegal for anyone to receive funds from IDAF. Because of this the organization in London created three different programs which had different names in order to send money to South Africa. Under Programme 1 which focused on political trials and defence was the Freedom From Fear International Charitable Foundation, under Programme 2 which focused on the families of political prisoners was the Freedom From Hunger International Charitable Foundation and Programme 3 focused on research and publications and used the Freedom From Hardship International Trust. Activist, Phyllis Altman, who worked with the South African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU), became the general secretary of projects under Programme 1. Altman helped set up a \"scam\" which masked any connection between IDAF and the lawyers they paid. Altman and Collins were the only two who knew how the money was being transferred. During this time, Collins' house became a \"safe venue\" for IDAF. Lawyers in South Africa who were funded by the IDAF, such as Griffiths Mxenge and Victoria Mxenge were assassinated. In the 1970s, a spy, named Craig Williamson, infiltrated an organization called the International University Exchange Fund (IUEF), which gave money to students leaving repressive regimes. Altman did not trust him and would not discuss IDAF's \"inner mechanisms\" with Williamson. Williamson was able to cause enough trouble so that the Danish Government became suspicious of IDAF and the Labour government minister Judith Hart turned down a request for funds from IDAF. Williamson and IUEF were exposed by Arthur McGiven in a story published in the \"Observer\". Collins died in 1982 and Trevor Huddleston became the new director. Altman stayed on long enough to help the transition, but retired once she felt the new people in the organization were settled. Horst Kleinschmidt took over from Altman. During the 1980s, IDAF received more and more requests for defence and for the families of the imprisoned. When apartheid was ended in 1989, IDAF \"found itself having to undergo a fundamental review of its reason for existing. Eventually each programme of IDAF was taken over by other agencies. International Defence and Aid Fund The International Defence and Aid Fund or IDAF (also the Defence Aid Fund for Southern Africa) was a fund created by John Collins during the 1956 Treason Trial in South Africa. After learning of those accused of treason for protesting against apartheid, including Nelson Mandela, Collins created the fund in order to pay all legal expenses and look after the families of those on trial. The group was non-partisan. This was one of the first examples of foreign intervention against"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Vinnie Roslin Vinnie Roslin (1946-2012) was an American bassist who was an original member of Steel Mill, an early Bruce Springsteen band. Other members of band included three future members of the E Street Band - Vini Lopez, Danny Federici and Steve Van Zandt. Roslin grew up in and around the Howell Township and the Freehold Borough areas of Monmouth County, New Jersey. In late 1964, then aged 17, together with George Theiss (rhythm guitar, vocals), Bart Haynes (drums, vocals) and Mike DeLuise (lead guitar), he formed a band called The Sierras. They spent most of their short life in rehearsal and in early 1965 Roslin quit this band to join The Motifs with Walter Cichon (lead vocals) and Murray Bauer. Theiss and Haynes would later go on to form The Castiles and in June 1965 they were joined in that band by Bruce Springsteen. The Motifs were managed by Norman Seldin, a local musician–entrepreneur whose own band, The Joyful Noyze, included Clarence Clemons. Under the management of Seldin, The Motifs released at least two singles which became local hits. \"Molly\" and \"If I Gave You Love\" were both released by Seldin's own label, Selsom Records. In 2008 both songs were reissued on an anthology, \"Asbury Park - Then And Now\", put together by Seldin. The Motifs also opened for bands such as The Young Rascals and The Duprees. Roslin would continue to play with The Motifs until he was 21. They split up when Walter Cichon was conscripted. Cichon, together with Bart Haynes, one of Roslin's earlier bandmates, were both killed while serving in Vietnam. Roslin met Bruce Springsteen and Vini Lopez for the first time on April 22, 1966 when Norman Seldin organized a battle of the bands competition at the Matawan-Keyport Roller Drome in Matawan, New Jersey. Roslin was one of the judges while Springsteen and Lopez competed in the competition with their respective bands, The Castiles and Sonny & The Starfires. In February 1969, following the breakup of The Motifs, Roslin got together with Springsteen, Lopez and Danny Federici at The Upstage on 702 Cookman Avenue in Asbury Park, New Jersey and formed a new band. They initially played as Child, but in November 1969 changed their name to Steel Mill to avoid confusion with another band. The highlight of Roslin's time with the band came in early 1970 when Steel Mill visited San Francisco and performed at The Matrix and Fillmore West, playing on the same bill as Elvin Bishop, Boz Scaggs and Grin. On February 22, they also recorded a three-song demo at the Pacific Recording Studio in San Mateo, California for Bill Graham. Graham had just formed Fillmore Records and actually offered Steel Mill a contract. However the band rejected it. Shortly after returning from San Francisco, Roslin left Steel Mill. He played his last gig with the band at the Virginia Commonwealth University on February 28, 1970 and he was subsequently replaced by Steve Van Zandt. Since leaving Steel Mill, Roslin has played in several other Jersey Shore bands. He initially joined a reformed Motifs before playing in Maddog & The Shakes with Vini Lopez and Ricky DeSarno (lead guitar). The Shakes based their sound on Motown and Memphis and have been described as \"one of the great unsigned Asbury Park bands of the mid-1970s\". He later played with The George Theiss Band and in 1987 he teamed up again with Lopez in J.P. Gotrock. By 1998 he was playing with Red Bank Boogie which was then reformed as Blue Plate Special in late 2000. Roslin formed both bands with his girlfriend Robin Roselle. He regularly sat in at the local Blues jams and performed with local Blues bands such as Nine Below Zero. Roslin died in February 2012 from complications related to heart surgery. Vinnie Roslin Vinnie Roslin (1946-2012) was an American bassist who was an original member of Steel Mill, an early Bruce Springsteen band. Other members of band included three future members of the E Street Band - Vini Lopez, Danny Federici and Steve Van Zandt. Roslin grew up in and around the Howell Township and the Freehold Borough areas of Monmouth County, New Jersey. In late 1964, then"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Hugh McAuley (footballer, born 1953) Hugh McAuley (born 8 January 1953) is an English former professional footballer who played as a winger. He made 205 appearances in the Football League for Tranmere Rovers, Plymouth Argyle, Charlton Athletic and Carlisle United. McAuley began his career at Liverpool, but made his senior debut on loan at Tranmere Rovers. He joined Plymouth Argyle for £12,000 in 1974 and won promotion to the Second Division in his first season with the club. He moved to Charlton Athletic in 1976, where he played for two seasons, and then returned to Tranmere. McAuley joined Carlisle United the following year and spent two seasons with the club, but did not play regularly. He finished his playing career in non-league football with Formby. He returned to Liverpool in 1988 as a coach, having worked with the Mersyside Youth Association from 1982. He was responsible for the club's centre of excellence programme and was involved in the youth team that won the FA Youth Cup for the first time in 1996. He then worked in the club's new youth academy and managed the reserve team before leaving Liverpool in 2009. Robbie Fowler, Jamie Carragher, Michael Owen and Steven Gerrard were among those who came through the academy during McAuley's time at Liverpool. McAuley's son, Hugh, made 100 appearances in the Football League for Cheltenham Town. Hugh McAuley (footballer, born 1953) Hugh McAuley (born 8 January 1953) is an English former professional footballer who played as a winger. He made 205 appearances in the Football League for Tranmere Rovers, Plymouth Argyle, Charlton Athletic and Carlisle United. McAuley began his career at Liverpool, but made his senior debut on loan at Tranmere Rovers. He joined Plymouth Argyle for £12,000 in 1974 and won promotion to the Second Division in his first"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Marie Dähnhardt Marie Dähnhardt (1818–1902), the daughter of an apothecary, was a German suffragette \"avant la lettre\", for some time associated with the Berlin debating club Die Freien. Dähnhardt was born in Gadebusch, now Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. She was married to the philosopher Max Stirner from 1843 to 1846. After divorcing she moved to London, and in 1852 to Australia. After returning to England she joined a Catholic commune, where she was found by Stirner's biographer John Henry Mackay, but refused to talk about her ex-husband and claimed, \"Stirner was a very sly man whom she had neither respected nor loved, and claiming that their relationship together had been more of a cohabitation than a marriage\". She died in 1902 in London. Marie Dähnhardt Marie Dähnhardt (1818–1902), the daughter of an apothecary, was a German suffragette \"avant la lettre\", for some time associated with the Berlin debating club Die Freien. Dähnhardt was born in Gadebusch, now Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. She was married to the philosopher Max Stirner from 1843 to 1846. After divorcing she moved to London, and in 1852 to Australia. After returning to England she joined a Catholic commune, where she was found by Stirner's biographer John Henry"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Anatoliy Puzach Anatoliy Kyrylovych (or Anatoli Kirillovich) Puzach (, ; 3 June 1941 – 19 March 2006) was a Soviet football player and Ukrainian coach. He first played for Progres Berdychiv and then for Polissya and SKA Lviv. In 1964, he became the top scorer of Ukrainian zone, class \"B\" scored 35 goals. The same year Lvivites reached the Soviet Union Cup quarter-finals. In spring 1964 the team of class \"B\" best players had friendlies against Dynamo Kyiv (1:2, 2:2) and after those games the quick striker with a good kick have been taken to Kyiv. Puzach made his debut for the USSR national team on 25 July 1969, in a friendly against East Germany national team and scored on his debut. He played at the 1970 FIFA World Cup final tournament and in the 1974 FIFA World Cup qualifiers. He was the first player in history to come on as a substitute in a World Cup game when non-injury substitutions were allowed for the first time in 1970. He replaced Viktor Serebryanikov in the opening match of the tournament against Mexico. Anatoliy Puzach Anatoliy Kyrylovych (or Anatoli Kirillovich) Puzach (, ; 3 June 1941 – 19 March 2006) was"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Xero Error Xero Error also known as Levity - Xero Error Minus1 is a computer generated science fiction film created and directed by Ashraf Ghori. It was produced by Xpanse CGI. It is notable for being UAE's first CGI science fiction film. It won recognition at the 63rd Cannes Film Festival. Production on Xero Error commenced on November 2009 and completed by March 2010 . Xero Error is UAE's first film produced using computer-generated imagery. It is also the first film for production company Xpanse CGI, which has worked previously in commercial advertising. In December 2008, Xpanse officials were in Houston, in attempts to raise the financing to cover the budget. Although the budget needed for a feature-length version of the film was not raised, it was produced as an eight-minute short and completed independently at Xpanse CGI. Volunteers from social media channels were enlisted to complete the film. Actors were auditioned after a Twitter and Facebook campaign. The film had its world premiere at the 3rd Gulf Film Festival, April 2010 in Dubai UAE. It was also featured at the 63rd Festival de Cannes, the 10th edition of Sci-Fi-London and other international film festivals. Xpanse CGI is currently looking for investors to produce Xero Error for TV & film. Xero Error Xero Error also known as Levity - Xero Error Minus1 is a computer generated science fiction film created and directed by Ashraf Ghori. It was produced by Xpanse CGI. It is notable for being UAE's first CGI science fiction film. It won recognition at the 63rd Cannes Film Festival. Production on Xero Error commenced on November 2009 and completed by March 2010 . Xero Error is UAE's first film produced using computer-generated imagery. It is also the first film for production company Xpanse CGI, which has worked previously"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"State Administration for Industry and Commerce The State Administration for Industry and Commerce (SAIC; ) is the authority in the People's Republic of China responsible for advancing legislation concerning the administration of industry and commerce in the People's Republic. On a local level, the organizations responsibilities roughly mimic those of the secretaries of individual states in the United States as a registration and licensing authority. The current minister is Zhang Mao (张茅). The agency is organized into the following divisions. The head office of the agency is based in 8 Sanlihe Donglu, Xichengqu, Beijing, 100820, China. Locally, SAIC has offices on each regional and municipal level which oversee and regulate the businesses in their jurisdiction. State Administration for Industry and Commerce The State Administration for Industry and Commerce (SAIC; ) is the authority in the People's Republic of China responsible for advancing legislation concerning the administration of industry and commerce in the People's Republic. On a local level, the organizations responsibilities roughly mimic those of the secretaries of individual states in the United States as a registration and licensing authority. The current minister is Zhang Mao (张茅). The agency is organized into the following divisions. The head office of the"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"1966 Australian Championships The 1966 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor Grass courts at the White City Tennis Club, Sydney, Australia from 21 to 31 January. It was the 54th edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 15th held in Sydney, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. The singles titles were won by Australians Roy Emerson and Margaret Smith. Roy Emerson defeated Arthur Ashe 6–4, 6–8, 6–2, 6–3 Margaret Smith defeated Nancy Richey walkover Fred Stolle / Roy Emerson defeated John Newcombe / Tony Roche, 7–9, 6–3, 6–8, 14–12, 12–10 Carole Caldwell Graebner / Nancy Richey defeated Margaret Smith / Lesley Turner, 6–4, 7–5 Judy Tegart / Tony Roche defeated Robyn Ebbern / Bill Bowrey, 6–1, 6–3 1966 Australian Championships The 1966 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor Grass courts at the White City Tennis Club, Sydney, Australia from 21 to 31 January. It was the 54th edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 15th held in Sydney, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. The singles titles were won by Australians Roy Emerson and"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Arlington Heights High School Arlington Heights High School (AHHS, Heights) is a secondary school located in Fort Worth, Texas, United States. The school, which serves grades 9 through 12, is a part of the Fort Worth Independent School District. Its mascot is the Yellow Jacket and its colors are blue and gold. Arlington Heights High School serves western portions of Fort Worth including the Como, Arlington Heights, Ridglea, Meadows West, and Rivercrest neighborhoods, and the City of Westover Hills. As of 1996 some students were bussed in from the Butler subsidized housing in Downtown Fort Worth and some communities in southeast Fort Worth with racial and ethnic minority groups. Hollace Weiner of the \"Fort Worth Star-Telegram\" said in 1996 that the school was a \"scholastically touted institution that draws students from private schools.\" Arlington Heights High School was established in 1922 and hosted 715 students in its inaugural year. The current building was built in 1937. Originally, students from this area attended Stripling High School in the 1920s, which is now a feeder middle school. At that time, students at Heights were referred to as \"teasippers\", a nickname Texas A&M Aggies used to call Texas Longhorns because UT students were more likely to be doctors and lawyers, while Aggies were more likely to go into ranching and related fields. Heights was generally affluent and white until the late 1960s, hosting many children of notable citizens of Fort Worth such as the Belknaps and Dickeys, as well as Governor Connally's children. African American students attended Como High School, which no longer exists and was merged with Arlington Heights at its closing. Students at Arlington Heights referred to their school as \"The Hill\", as the main building offers a view of the Trinity River valley to the south, from which AHHS is visible for miles. In 1979, a Paschal High School student (and son of a county Commissioner) stole a bulldozer from a County construction site, drove it up Hulen Street and rammed it into the Arlington Heights High School Field House the day before the annual Heights-Paschal football game, completely leveling the field house. This resulted in criminal convictions and a nationwide reassessment of safety and security measures, as well as beginning a national discussion about youth violence and vandalism on many national television and radio programs. This incident, along with what President Kennedy called the \"Paschal Air Force\" incident in 1963, and Paschal's infamous \"Legion Of Doom\" criminal cult in the mid-1980s, has made the Heights-Paschal high school football rivalry one of Texas' most legendary ongoing sports rivalries. The school occupies a red brick building that is visible from Interstate 30 (West Freeway). The main building houses 74 classrooms, a library, band hall, auditorium, gymnasium, cafeteria, workrooms and administrative offices. Outside buildings include a second gymnasium, field houses with concessions stands, and a weight room. The new wing opened in the fall of 2004 and houses six classrooms and a-state of-the-art dance studio. The surrounding grounds are covered with tennis courts, baseball, softball, a unique multi-purpose athletic facility, soccer and football fields, and an all-weather track which is open to public use. In 2014, approximately 1,800 students attended the school. 46% were Hispanic, 29% were White Anglo, and 22% were Black. 45% of the students were eligible for free or reduced lunch. Arlington Heights' student-athletes compete in the UIL 5A classification for 12 varsity sports. Students attending the following feeder schools are zoned to attend Arlington Heights High School: Arlington Heights High School Arlington Heights High School (AHHS, Heights) is a secondary school located in Fort Worth, Texas, United States."
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Celtae (band) Celtae are a Canadian band formed in 2001 in Ottawa. They play neo-Celtic music. The band was founded by Nathan MacDonald of Cape Breton Island, and also includes Matt Holland of Summerside, Prince Edward Island and Tyree Lush of Gambo, Newfoundland and Labrador. Fiddler Jules Sisk left the band, and was replaced by Dana Arrowsmith of Sudbury, Ontario. The album \"No Regrets\" was produced by Brian Talbot of the band Slainte Mhath. Critic Wes Smiderle of the \"Ottawa Citizen\" wrote, \"The tone is cheerful, end-of-the-work-week acoustic venting, with lyrical nods to the rigours of East Coast history, much like Great Big Sea\". Nathan Bishop MacDonald better known as \"Nathan Bishop\" is a singer-songwriter based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He was a founding member of Celtae, which was based in Ottawa, and also performs original music under the name \"Nathan Bishop\". MacDonald was born in Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada and raised in Glace Bay on Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia. His song \"Merchant Marine\" was used as the theme song for Paul Ciufo's CBC radio drama, \"On Convoy\". The same song has been included on Avondale Records' 2004 release, \"Singalongs & Shanties 2\". MacDonald is a baritone singer who performs music on guitar, but is also known for his bodhran playing. He has an eclectic musical history. MacDonald has performed at major festivals throughout Canada including the Canadian Tulip Festival, The Lunenburg Folk Harbour Festival, The Regina Mosaic Multicultural Festival and more. He has also performed at prestigious venues such as the National Arts Centre, in Ottawa, The Savoy Theatre in Glace Bay, Cape Breton, and Centre Point Theatre in Ottawa. The Nathan Bishop project has been a sharp departure from his previous Celtic roots. The \"Ottawa Citizen\" referred to these compositions as \"funky folk\". In September 2008, Nathan Bishop moved to Toronto and began construction of Uptown Underground recording studio. On June 1, 2011, Nathan Bishop released his debut solo album \"Lovers, Leavers, and Believers\" under his Uptown Underground record label. Two songs from the album were chosen to be used in the motion picture \"The Unleashed\". A demo version of Bishop's song \"Without You\" was a finalist in the 2008 International Songwriting Competition. Bishop's music has been referred to as Chop Music which is described as a post hip hop form of roots rock. While attending the University of Guelph and the University of Western Ontario, MacDonald was one of Canada's most successful intervarsity debaters. He won consecutive North American Debating Championships in 1998 and 1999, and was the Vice-President of the Canadian University Society for Intercollegiate Debate. He was also the fifth-place public speaker in world at the 2000 World Universities Debating Championships in Sydney, Australia. Celtae (band) Celtae are a Canadian band formed in 2001 in Ottawa. They play neo-Celtic music. The band was founded by Nathan MacDonald of Cape Breton Island, and also includes Matt Holland of Summerside, Prince Edward Island and Tyree Lush of Gambo, Newfoundland and Labrador. Fiddler Jules Sisk left"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Corbel (typeface) Corbel is a humanist sans-serif typeface designed by Jeremy Tankard for Microsoft and released in 2005. It is part of the ClearType Font Collection, a suite of fonts from various designers released with Windows Vista. All start with the letter \"C\" to reflect that they were designed to work well with Microsoft's ClearType text rendering system, a text rendering engine designed to make text clearer to read on LCD monitors. The other fonts in the same group are Calibri, Cambria, Candara, Consolas and Constantia. In a blurb for its use, Corbel was described as \"designed to give an uncluttered, clean appearance on screen. The letter forms are open with soft, flowing curves. It is legible and clear at small sizes. At larger sizes the detailing and style of the shapes is more apparent.\" The italic style is a true italic, with influences from serif fonts and calligraphy, with many letters gaining a tail pointing to the right. Many aspects of its design are similar to Calibri and Candara, which are also humanist sans-serif designs; like them it is slightly more condensed than average. Font designer Raph Levien, reviewing it for \"Typographica\", described it as similar to Frutiger. Tankard described his aims in the family's design: “I wanted to move away from the round i-dot sans fonts we've seen a lot of recently. Less cuddly, more assertive. I wanted the italic to be expressive, not a sloped roman.\" Corbel by default renders numbers as text figures (\"old style\" or \"lowercase\" numerals), which are preferred for integrating figures into running text. This is an uncommon choice in sans-serif faces, especially those designed for display on a screen, but several of the other ClearType fonts also make this the default option; lining figures can be suggested using an OpenType stylistic alternates menu. Text figures are also found in Microsoft's serif Georgia typeface. It is distributed with Microsoft Excel Viewer, Microsoft PowerPoint Viewer, the Microsoft Office Compatibility Pack for Microsoft Windows and the Open XML File Format Converter for Mac. For use in other operating systems, such as GNU/Linux, cross-platform use and web use it is not available as a freeware and is licensed and sold by Ascender. Corbel (typeface) Corbel is a humanist sans-serif typeface designed by Jeremy Tankard for Microsoft and released in 2005. It is part of the ClearType Font Collection, a suite of fonts from various designers released"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Conservatism in South Korea Starting from the dictatorship of Park Chung-hee with military coups d'état and the scandals facing the conservative government, including accusations of government interference in the presidential election, Conservatism in South Korea is chiefly associated with the Liberty Korea Party (named the Grand National Party prior to 2012 and the Saenuri Party prior to 2017). Within the party, groups such as the New Right promote conservatism. The conservative Park Geun-hye government was the last conservative government of the Sixth Republic of South Korea since 2017. South Korean conservatism has been influenced from the military dictatorships of Park and Chun Doo-hwan. In domestic policy, South Korean conservatism has a strong elitist streak and promotes rapid modernization and social stability. Conservatism in South Korea is fervently anti-communist. South Korean conservatives oppose relations with North Korea and support upholding the National Security Act. Some conservative citizen groups such as the Korean Council for Restoration National Identity and American and Korean Friendship National Council protested at UNESCO headquarters in Paris in May 2011 to prevent inscribing the records of the Gwangju Democratization Movement in the Memory of the World Register, and to petition for\" reconsidering identifying North Korean Special Forces as the perpetrators of the GDM. Conservatives strongly oppose LGBT rights, with former Liberty Korea Party candidate Hong Jun-pyo blaming homosexuals for weakening the South Korean military and spreading AIDs during the 2017 Presidential Debates. Jeong Tae-heon, a professor of Korean history at Korea University has expressed concerns that disputes over the term \"liberal democracy\" reflect a strong conservative bias reacting against North Korea's political ideologies, similar to political views seen in 1950. It has been alleged that the South Korean right has promoted McCarthyism-like red scares among the South Korean public. This includes an incident before the 1996 Legislative Elections, where conservative lawmakers were arrested for secretly meeting with North Korean agents in Beijing to seek North's help in manipulating the outcome of the election in exchange for payoffs. The North fired artillery into the Join Security Zone on the DMZ, which caused panic among South Korean electorates, benefiting the conservative party. The Chojoongdong media cartel wields the largest political influence in the South Korean political scene through newspaper and other print publications. The three media cartels have been criticized for fabricating stories against North Korea to support conservative rhetoric. The political party that once were ruling party are in bold. KIP is the exception for being a ruling party during Provisional Governmental era. Conservatism in South Korea Starting from the dictatorship of Park Chung-hee with military coups d'état and the scandals facing the conservative government, including accusations of government interference in the presidential election, Conservatism in South Korea is chiefly associated with the Liberty Korea Party (named the Grand National Party prior to 2012 and the Saenuri Party prior to 2017). Within the party, groups such as the New Right promote conservatism. The conservative Park Geun-hye government was the last conservative government of the Sixth Republic of South Korea"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Saint James Cavalier Saint James Cavalier () is a 16th-century cavalier in Valletta, Malta, which was built by the Order of St. John. It overlooks St. James' Bastion, a large obtuse-angled bastion forming part of the Valletta Land Front. St. James was one of nine planned cavaliers in the city, although eventually only two were built, the other one being the identical Saint John's Cavalier. It was designed by the Italian military engineer Francesco Laparelli, while its construction was overseen by his Maltese assistant Girolamo Cassar. St. James Cavalier never saw use in any military conflict, but it played a role during the Rising of the Priests in 1775. The cavalier is located in Castille Square, close to Auberge de Castille, the Central Bank of Malta, the Parliament House, the Malta Stock Exchange and the post office at Dar Annona. The cavalier was restored as part of Malta's Millennium Project, and it is now a cultural centre known as Spazju Kreattiv (Maltese for \"Creative Space\"). Following the Great Siege of Malta of 1565, in which the Ottoman Empire attempted to take over Malta but failed to do so, the Order of St. John decided to settle permanently on the island. The Order decided to build a new fortified city as their new capital, and it was called Valletta after Grand Master Jean Parisot de Valette. In order to do this, De Valette asked for financial aid from various European rulers. Pope Pius V not only helped out financially, but he also sent the Italian military engineer Francesco Laparelli to Malta in order to design the new capital's fortifications. Construction of the city began in March 1566, and work continued throughout the 1570s. Following Laparelli's departure from Malta and his subsequent death, construction of the city was entrusted to his Maltese assistant, the architect and military engineer Girolamo Cassar. St James Cavalier, in its early years, was often known as the \"Tower of the Cavalier\", \"Cavalier Tower\" or the variants. St. James Cavalier was one of the first buildings to be built in Valletta, along with the Church of Our Lady of Victories and the rest of the fortifications. The cavalier was built as a raised platform on which guns were placed to defend the city against attacks from the landward side, in the area where the town of Floriana was later built. As well as prohibiting entry, St. James could also threaten those who had already breached the city's defences. It was linked to Saint John's Cavalier by a now-blocked underground passageway. The cavalier was also used as a gun signalling station. Three rounds were fired every day, at sunrise, noon and sunset. The former and the latter marked the opening and closing of the city gates. Gun signals continued to be fired from the cavalier until around 1800, when they began to be fired from the nearby Saluting Battery. In 1686, during the magistracy of Gregorio Carafa, a small building known as \"Dar Annona\" was grafted on the east flank of the cavalier. The building originally housed the Università dei Grani, and it is now a post office. On 8 September 1775, St. James Cavalier was captured by rebels during the Rising of the Priests. The Order's flag was lowered and a banner of Saint Paul was raised instead. Fort Saint Elmo was also taken over by the rebels, but the Order managed to retake it after a brief exchange of fire. Soon after the fort was taken, the rebels at St. James surrendered. Three of them were executed, while the others were exiled or imprisoned. The heads of the three executed men were displayed on the corners of St. James Cavalier, but were removed soon after Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc was elected Grand Master in November of the same year. After taking control of Malta in the beginning of the 19th century, the British converted the cavalier into an officers' mess, a place where soldiers could socialize. Some modifications were made to the structure at this point, including replacing the ramp leading to the roof by a staircase, and increasing the number of rooms by building an arched ceiling within the ground floor room, therefore creating two stories where there had been only one. Changes were also made to help combat humidity. Later on, two cisterns were excavated within the cavalier to store water pumped to Valletta via the Wignacourt Aqueduct. The cavalier stored water for the entire city. In 1853, a proposal was made to demolish the cavalier to make way for a hospital, but nothing materialized. In World War II, the building was also used as a bomb shelter, while its upper floor became a food store for the Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes. In the 1970s, the Government Printing Press moved from the Grandmaster's Palace to St James, and it remained there until new premises at Marsa Industrial Estate were opened in 1996. In the 1990s, the Government of Malta commissioned a Master Plan for the rehabilitation of Valletta and its outskirts. The project included restoring St. James Cavalier and converting it for cultural purposes. The restoration was undertaken by the Maltese architect Richard England. Throughout the course of renovation, St. James has been transformed from an edifice designed to prohibit entry to one which welcomes visitors. England described the task of making this change as \"making it possible for the building to accommodate new needs in a way that, while respecting the past, accepts the concept of change, without fear.\" However, the work was the cause of much controversy and was deemed unsatisfactory by many Maltese, partly resulting in the halting of other planned projects in Valletta and the decision to use celebrated architects (including Renzo Piano) rather than Richard England. The other projects started in 2008 when works commenced on the City Gate, the site of the former opera house, the new parliament building and the rest of the area around the city's entrance. One of the biggest challenges that Prof. England faced was that of increasing accessibility in a building created to repel invaders. This necessitated major structural intervention and very difficult decisions about which areas should, and must, undergo such drastic intervention. This task was carried off with great aplomb in the conversion of the two water cisterns, one into St. James' spectacular theatre space and the other into the atrium. A stunning, inufying space which provides access to the upper galleries. the design nonetheless incorporate glass panels and a marvelous awareness of space that allows the visitor to read the historical narrative told by the wells. The work was carried out in collaboration with the restoration expert Michael Ellul. With and emphasis that firmly discouraged the use of replica and imitation. Hence anything that looks 16th century is 16th century and anything that looks contemporary is contemporary. The national heritage organization Fondazzjoni Wirt Artna did protest against the removal of a rare World War Two gas shelter and other historical remains from the British period. This theme is particularly obvious on the ground floor. In the Music Room, the British-installed ceiling has been removed, and the room restored to its original state. The gift shop, on the other hand, is split. In other halls partial removal of the ceiling has allowed both periods to be represented in this modern interpretation of a deeply historical building. Restoration of the cavalier was complete by the end of summer 2000, and it opened to the public as St James Cavalier, Centre of Creativity on 22 September of that year, with an exhibition entitled \"Art in Malta Today\". The cavalier now houses a small theatre, a cinema, music rooms and art galleries. Various exhibitions are regularly held there. Since it was opened it has welcomed over a million visitors. In August 2015, the cavalier was rebranded as Spazju Kreattiv (Maltese for \"Creative Space\"). Its artistic director is Toni Sant. The cavalier is scheduled as a Grade 1 national monument, and it is also",
"shop, on the other hand, is split. In other halls partial removal of the ceiling has allowed both periods to be represented in this modern interpretation of a deeply historical building. Restoration of the cavalier was complete by the end of summer 2000, and it opened to the public as St James Cavalier, Centre of Creativity on 22 September of that year, with an exhibition entitled \"Art in Malta Today\". The cavalier now houses a small theatre, a cinema, music rooms and art galleries. Various exhibitions are regularly held there. Since it was opened it has welcomed over a million visitors. In August 2015, the cavalier was rebranded as Spazju Kreattiv (Maltese for \"Creative Space\"). Its artistic director is Toni Sant. The cavalier is scheduled as a Grade 1 national monument, and it is also listed on the National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands. St. James Cavalier is a large casemated artillery platform having a pentagonal plan. The structure was not designed with aesthetics in mind, highlighting its purely utilitarian military function. Despite the impression of size given by the external aspect of the building, half of the structure was filled with compressed earth and the rest consisted of series of sparse chambers and a ramp by which cannons could reach the roof. The cavalier occupies the rear face of St. James' Bastion, and it was meant to be able to fire over the bastion's main parapet, without interfering with its fire. A number of gunpowder magazines are located to the rear of the structure. Saint James Cavalier Saint James Cavalier () is a 16th-century cavalier in Valletta, Malta, which was built by the Order of St. John. It overlooks St. James' Bastion, a large obtuse-angled bastion forming part of the Valletta Land Front. St. James was one of nine planned cavaliers"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Oklahoma Secretary of Education The Oklahoma Secretary of Education is a member of the Oklahoma Governor's Cabinet. The Secretary is appointed by the Governor, with the consent of the Oklahoma Senate, to serve at the pleasure of the Governor. The Secretary serves as the chief advisor to the Governor on public education issues and needs. The 5th and current Secretary is Natalie Shirley, having been appointed by Governor Mary Fallin on January 22, 2015. The position of Secretary of Education was established, along with the Oklahoma Governor's Cabinet, by the Executive Branch Reform Act of 1986. The Act directs the Secretary of Education to advise the Governor on public education policy and advise the state public education agencies on new policy as directed by the Governor. Oklahoma state law allows for Cabinet Secretaries to serve concurrently as the head of a State agency in addition to their duties as a Cabinet Secretary. Historically, the Secretary of Education has not served in any such dual position. The Secretary of Education oversees the State's public education system. This includes elementary education, secondary education, vocational education and higher education. The Secretary is chiefly responsible for ensuring accountability and performance from the educational system. The Secretary also oversees all libraries in the State and is responsible for ensuring that teachers are appropriately prepared to perform their duties. As of fiscal year 2011, the Secretary of Education oversees 1,128 full-time employees and is responsible for an annual budget of over $6 billion. Of that budget, only $209 million (or 3%) is spent on operating the various State agencies under the Secretary's supervision. The remaining $5.9 billion is used as payments to local education agencies, such as school districts and universities, to support their activities. The Oklahoma Legislature has charged the Secretary with several duties and responsibilities: The Secretary of Education oversees the following state entities: The annual salary for the position of Secretary of Education set by State law at $65,000. Despite this, if the Secretary serves as the head of State agency, the Secretary receives the higher of the two salaries. Oklahoma Secretary of Education The Oklahoma Secretary of Education is a member of the Oklahoma Governor's Cabinet. The Secretary is appointed by the Governor, with the consent of the Oklahoma Senate, to serve at the pleasure of the Governor. The Secretary serves as the chief advisor to the Governor on public education issues"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Capcom Bowling Capcom Bowling is a top down bowling simulation released to arcades in 1988 by Capcom. Up to 4 four players could play a single game playing alternately. The controls feature a trackball which is used to control both direction and power, and two buttons which control left and right spin or hook. The game was released in both upright cabinet and latterly as a cocktail version. Most of the upright cabinet are conversion kits for existing cabinets although a limited number of dedicated cabinets were produced. These cabinets featured a birch plywood finish to mimic a bowling lane, a larger marbled trackball and painted side art. An alternate version, \"Coors Light Bowling\", was released the following year. \"Your Sinclair\" called the game \"quite fun\" but \"a little quick and easy\". Capcom Bowling Capcom Bowling is a top down bowling simulation released to arcades in 1988 by Capcom. Up to 4 four players could play a single game playing alternately. The controls feature a trackball which is used to control both direction and power, and two buttons which control left and right spin or hook. The game was released in both upright cabinet and latterly as a cocktail version."
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Linn Valley, Kansas Linn Valley is a city in Linn County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 804. Linn Valley had its start in the 1970s as a planned community centered around a lake. It was incorporated as a city in 1998. Linn Valley is located at (38.377582, -94.709143). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water. All but about of the City is within the private closed community of Linn Valley Lakes. As of the census of 2010, there were 804 people, 360 households, and 255 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 697 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 96.1% White, 0.1% African American, 1.2% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4% of the population. There were 360 households of which 21.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.7% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 29.2% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.65. The median age in the city was 50.9 years. 18.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.9% were from 25 to 44; 33.3% were from 45 to 64; and 25.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.7% male and 47.3% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 562 people, 238 households, and 178 families residing in the city. The population density was 221.7 people per square mile (85.4/km²). There were 415 housing units at an average density of 163.7 per square mile (63.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 95.02% White, 1.60% African American, 0.53% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.36% from other races, and 2.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.56% of the population. There were 238 households out of which 19.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.2% were married couples living together, 2.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.2% were non-families. 19.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.67. In the city, the population was spread out with 19.9% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 21.2% from 25 to 44, 32.7% from 45 to 64, and 21.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.3 males. The median income for a household in the city was $31,094, and the median income for a family was $34,500. Males had a median income of $30,972 versus $24,375 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,479. About 5.1% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.4% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over. Linn"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"William Lair Hill William Lair Hill (August 20, 1838 – February 24, 1924), also referred to as W. Lair Hill, was an American attorney, historian, and newspaper editor in Portland, Oregon. He worked to codify Oregon's and Washington's laws. He briefly owned property in the Portland neighborhood later named after him, Lair Hill. William Hill was born on August 20, 1838, to Reuben Coleman and Margaret Graham (\"née\" Lair) Hill in Tennessee. His father was a doctor and Baptist preacher at their home along the Tennessee River in the southwestern portion of the state. The home in McNairy County was near the site of the 1862 Battle of Shiloh. In 1853, he moved to the Oregon Territory with his parents, with the family settling in Benton County in the Willamette Valley. In Oregon, Hill attended local schools and the Jefferson Institute before finishing his education at McMinnville College (now Linfield College) in McMinnville, a school that his father helped found. While attending college from 1857 to 1859, he met the daughter of the school president, Julia Hall Chandler, whom he later married. After college he began teaching in McMinnville before reading law at the law firm of George Henry Williams and A. C. Gibbs. Hill was admitted to the bar in Oregon in December 1861. After becoming a lawyer, he moved to Eastern Oregon where he served in the army during the American Civil War, working as a paymaster stationed in Oregon. From 1864 to 1866, he served as the judge for Grant County. On April 23, 1865, he married Julia Hall Chandler in Canyon City. The couple had four children. He worked as a newspaper editor for the \"Daily Union\" and the \"Daily Times\". Hill moved west to Portland in 1866 where he practiced law. There he also became the editor of the city's main newspaper, \"The Oregonian\", in October 1872. He remained as editor until 1877 when Harvey Scott returned to the paper. He was offered appointments to the Supreme Court of the Washington Territory in 1870 and later to the Supreme Court of Idaho Territory, but declined the positions. Hill then moved to The Dalles after his time as editor in hopes of improving his health. There he helped run the Wasco Academy. In 1886, he codified Oregon's laws under authority of the Oregon Legislative Assembly, and then moved to Seattle, Washington, in 1889 where he codified that state's laws. During his legal career he had partnerships with Richard Williams, Marion Francis Mulkey, George Hannibal Durham, H. Y. Thompson, and W. W. Thayer among others. Hill served as a director of the new Columbia River Railway & Navigation Company in 1892. After a time in Seattle he moved south to Oakland, California, where he continued to practice law. William Lair Hill died at the age of 83 on February 24, 1924. William Lair Hill William Lair Hill (August 20, 1838 – February 24, 1924), also referred to as W. Lair Hill, was an American attorney, historian, and"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Babol Babol (, , Known as \"Orange Blossom City\" , also Romanized as Bābol; formerly known as Barfrouch) is the capital of Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. Babol is divided into two metropolitan area (Under Iranian law). At the 2012 census, its population was 219,467, in 66,944 families. Babol is located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of the Caspian Sea. Babol is on the north-east of Tehran and is one of the most important cities in the north of Iran. It is the region's chief center. Babol is a new name for the site of the ancient city of Mamatir, that then was named as Barforush. The city receives abundant rainfall. It is famous for its orange farms, for which it is dubbed \"the city of orange blossoms\". Founded in the 16th century, it was built on the site of the ancient city of Mamtir (deriving from \"Mah Mithra\" \"great Mithra). \"Babol\" was formerly called \"Barforushdeh\" (meaning Market town) and \"Barforush\" afterwards. The city is located approximately 20 kilometers south of Caspian Sea on the west bank of BabolRud River and receives abundant annual rainfall. Babol borders Babolsar and Fereydunkenar to the north, Qaem Shahr and Savad Kooh Shomali to the east, Savad Kooh to the southeast, Firuzkuh to the South and Amol to the west. Babol University is famous for its spectacular scenery. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot-summer Mediterranean (Csa). In 2012 population census calculation of the city,the population was 219,467 people (79,837 households) and a population of 495,472 people in the located in the city. The ruins of Shah Abbas I's palace are located in the city. Mohammad Hassan Khan's Bridge is also one of the most ancient buildings of Mazandaran. It was built by the king Mohammad Hassan Khan Qajar, the ancestor of Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar as the main road from Babol to Amol. Now it is known as the old road of Babol to Amol. Another nice scenery is Babol Noshirvani Park, which is the biggest park including playground located in the north part of Iran, located almost in the vicinity of Caspian Sea. Babol is home to important and intact forests and jungles. for instance, Shiadeh, the unique and intact forest, is located in south-east Babol. Shiadeh is the name of a rural area near the jungle. here are some views of Noshirvani Park and Shiadeh Jungle. Filband, a village near the northern Iranian city of Babol, is famous for its skies which are full of interconnected cumulus clouds, especially in springtime. Commerce and trading are the backbone of the city's economy since it is the largest commercial center for Mazandaran province, partially due to its location at the center of the province and also the large population of villages around the city making Babol county the most populated county in the province. Babol produces food and textiles — as well as other processed goods . Including oranges, lemons, and tangerines. There are many rice farms around the city, and, until about 20 years ago, tea, tobacco, and cotton were processed. Almost 100% of the city transportation is by car, buses and other road vehicles. Thus, Babol is highly dependent on the regional highway network which connects the city to Babolsar at 10 km north, Amol at 30 km west and Qaemshahr at 15 km east. These are all new wide highways. Babol has access to an airport 55 km away and to a train station 15 km away. The ports of Fereydunkenar and Babolsar are both located on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea with connection to other Caspian ports. As the largest commercial center the city of Babol also hosts large number of universities province. Universities include: Babol is home to Iranian Basketball Super League team BEEM Mazandaran BC which plays in the city's Shahid Sojoodi Arena. BEEM also had a popular volleyball team in the Iranian Super League in 2008–2009. Now Babol have a 2 Team in wrestling, Bime Razi and Arash Zin. They have a popular football club, Khooneh Be Khooneh. Khooneh Be Khooneh play in 2nd division (after Premier League) in Iranian system football but they could going to finals of Hazfi Cup in 2016-17. They could not promote to Premier League for 1 Goal. Babol is host of Freestyle Wrestling Club World Cup in December 2018. Babol Babol (, , Known as \"Orange Blossom City\" , also Romanized as Bābol; formerly known as Barfrouch) is the capital of Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. Babol is divided into two metropolitan area (Under Iranian law). At the 2012 census, its population was 219,467, in 66,944 families. Babol is located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Sati (Hindu goddess) Satī () (), is also known as Dākṣāyaṇī (Sanskrit: दाक्षायणी, lit. \"daughter of Daksha\"). In the Tamil tradition, Sati is called \"Tāṭcāyiṇi\", and in Telugu tradition she is known as Perantalu. Sati is the goddess of marital felicity and longevity in Hinduism. An aspect of Adi Parashakti, Dakshayani is the first consort of Shiva, the second being Parvati who is the reincarnation of Sati. In Hindu legend, both Sati and Parvati, successively play the role of bringing Shiva away from ascetic isolation into creative participation with the world. Queen Prasuti desired a daughter, Lord Brahma advised her and her husband Daksha to meditate upon the Goddess Adi-Parashakti. They gave up their royal robes, put on the guises of saints, and sat in a forest and meditated upon Goddess Adi-Parashakti. After a long time, Goddess Adi-Parashakti appeared awakening Daksha and Prasuti from their penance. Adi Parashakti invited them to request the desired boon from her, Daksha asked the Goddess to take birth again as their daughter. The Goddess gave them their consent but also gave them a warning that if ever she should be insulted, she would take up her Celestial form and disown them. Daksha and Prasuti agreed to take care of her. Back in their palace, Adi Parashakti again took human birth at the bidding of Lord Brahma. Daksha and Prasuti named their daughter Sati. Daksha was a son of Brahma and a great king in his own right. As the daughter of King Daksha, Sati is also known as Dakshayani. Sati was a newborn to Daksha and Prasuti's 23 daughters. In bidding of Adi-Parashakti to take human birth, Brahma's design was that she would please Shiva with humble devotions and wed him. It was natural that Sati, even as a child, adored the tales and legends associated with Shiva told by sage Narada and grew up an ardent devotee. As she grew to womanhood, the idea of marrying anyone else, as intended by her father, became unfair to her. To win the regard of the ascetic Shiva, the daughter of king Daksha forsook the luxuries of her father's palace and retired to a forest, there to devote herself to austerities and the worship of Shiva. So rigorous were her penances that she gradually renounced food itself, at one stage subsisting on one leaf a day, and then giving up even that nourishment; this particular abstinence earned her the name Aparna. Her prayers finally bore fruit when, after testing her resolve, Shiva finally acceded to her wishes and consented to make her his bride. An ecstatic Sati returned to her father's home to await her bridegroom, but found her father less than elated by the turn of events. The wedding was however held in due course, and Sati made her home with Shiva in Kailash. Daksha, depicted in legend as an arrogant king, did not get on with his renunciative son-in-law and basically cut his daughter away from her natal family. Daksha organized a yagna ritual and invited all the Gods, Goddesses and princes. But he did not invite Shiva or Sati because he was unhappy that his daughter had married Shiva. Sati learnt about the yagna and asked Shiva to go with her. When Shiva refused, Sati insisted upon going and was escorted by Shiva's troops to her father's kingdom. Upon reaching, Daksha got angry on seeing her and yelled at her telling her she was not welcome. Sati tried to make him understand but it was no use. It is said that when Daksha did not stop yelling, the angered Sati took the form of the goddess, \"Adi Parashakti\". Lightning and thunder threatened to destroy the Earth. All sorts of calamities arose as Mother Earth couldn't bear her strong radiance and power. The Gods, saints, sages, her mother, father and her sisters trembled in fear and respectfully saluted her, who was the Mother of the Universe (Jagadamba). Adi Parashakti introduced herself as the Eternal Power to Daksha and cursed him to be killed by Shiva, inclusive of all the Gods, princes and Goddesses. She cursed the yagna ritual, that it will never be completed, that Tamas would subdue its Sattvik nature. She declared that from that moment, she renounces all the mortal relationships, nothing binds her. She gave her final salutations to her husband Lord Shiva, and the mother of this mortal body, and then she prayed, hoped, that she be reborn to a father, whom she could respect. So saying, Devi Sati immolated her mortal body through the invocation and provocation of her yogic powers. As the Tatva of Shakti left the mortal shell, the mortal body of Devi Sati collapsed to the floor in scorching flames. Angered and grief-stricken Shiva learnt about Sati's death and he rendered a terrible \"Tandava\" or dance of destruction, the more Shiva danced, the more destruction arose. Later, Shiva pulled two locks of hair and fell it on the ground. One arose Virabhadra, Shiva's destructive and terrible incarnation, having eight hands holding weapons and possessing a dark complexion. The second arose Bhadrakali, the Supreme Goddess's violent and intense incarnation, having eighteen hands holding weapons like a discus, dagger, trident, spear, mace, scimitar, sword, vajra, conch shell, demon head, drinking vessel, goad, waterpot, cleaver, shield, bow and arrow. Shiva ordered them to wreak havoc. Virabhadra and Bhadrakali were assisted by eight other Goddesses named Kali, Katyayini, Chamunda, Ishaani, Mundamardini, Bhadra, Vaishnavi and Twarita who appeared at their side. In other versions, it was said that first Virabhadra arose and after he was held captive by Vishnu, who was protecting Daksha since he was Vishnu's devotee and the Lord had promised him protection in time of need, Shiva created Bhadrakali who freed Virabhadra and was embedded in him and rendered him more powerful. Daksha himself was decapitated by Virabhadra, while, others fell upon Daksha and Bhrigu's demon armies. After the night of horror, Shiva, the all-forgiving, restored all those who were slain to life and granted them his blessings. Even the abusive and culpable Daksha was restored both his life and his kingship. His severed head was substituted for that of a goat. Having learned his lesson, Daksha spent his remaining years as a devotee of Shiva. Out of grief and sorrow, Shiva carried Sati's body reminiscing their moments as a couple, and roamed around the universe with it. Vishnu had cut her body into 52 body parts using his Sudarshana Chakra which fell on Earth to become holy spots to pray to the Goddess named Shakti Peeths, to complete this massively long task, Lord Shiva took the form of Bhairava. Entirely all of her body parts were the symbolism of each manifestation of Goddess Adi-Parashakti, Bhairava has incarnated himself to protect her Shakti Peeths in different forms for the protection from the evil forces. After long interval, Adishakti was reborn as Parvati, who was also known as Uma or Hemavati, daughter of Himavan, king of the mountains, and his wife Menavati. This time, she was born the daughter of a father whom she could respect, a father who appreciated Shiva ardently. Naturally, she grew up to be a beautiful woman and harboured a sincere love and devotion to Shiva. In course of time, Parvati began to love Shiva with her entire being. She too went to the forest to do meditation to please her beloved, Lord Shiva and to attain him again as her husband. Lord Shiva consented to make her his bride once more. In course of time, she married Lord Shiva and gave birth to Karttikeya, Ashokasundari and the gana headed god Ganesha. Daksha once organized a grand \"yajna\" to which all the Gods were invited, with the exception of Sati and Shiva. Wanting to visit her parents, relatives and childhood friends, Sati sought to rationalize this omission. She reasoned within herself that her parents had neglected to make a formal invitation to them only because, as family, such formality was unnecessary; certainly, she needed no invitation to visit her own mother and would go anyway. Shiva sought to dissuade her, but she was",
"entire being. She too went to the forest to do meditation to please her beloved, Lord Shiva and to attain him again as her husband. Lord Shiva consented to make her his bride once more. In course of time, she married Lord Shiva and gave birth to Karttikeya, Ashokasundari and the gana headed god Ganesha. Daksha once organized a grand \"yajna\" to which all the Gods were invited, with the exception of Sati and Shiva. Wanting to visit her parents, relatives and childhood friends, Sati sought to rationalize this omission. She reasoned within herself that her parents had neglected to make a formal invitation to them only because, as family, such formality was unnecessary; certainly, she needed no invitation to visit her own mother and would go anyway. Shiva sought to dissuade her, but she was resolved upon going; he then provided her with an escort of his \"ganas\" and bid her provoke no incident. Sati was received coldly by her father. They were soon in the midst of a heated argument about the virtues (and alleged lack thereof) of Shiva. Every passing moment made it clearer to Sati that her father was entirely incapable of appreciating the many excellent qualities of her husband who was a god himself. The realization then came to Sati that this abuse was being heaped on Shiva only because he had wed her; she was the cause of this dishonour to her husband. She was consumed by rage against her father and loathing for his mentality. Her intense anger made her assume the celestial form of Adishakti whereby she terrorized all who were present there and her anger wrought havoc upon the Earth. Introducing herself to everyone, she cursed Daksha to die at Shiva's hands. Later, remembering her husband she called up a prayer that she may, in a future birth, be born the daughter of a father whom she could respect, Adishakti burnt Sati's body because of her radiance and heat as she was the Goddess of all energy and power(Shakti) (or) Sati invoked her yogic powers or yogic Agni which was attained by her due to severe devotion or puja done by her and immolated herself. Shiva sensed this catastrophe, and his rage was incomparable. He loved Sati more than any and would never love any other woman after her. He danced the terrible Tandava or Rudratandava, a terrible dance of destruction and the power of his dance wrought havoc upon the Earth and threatened to give rise to Pralaya or the Great Destruction. He realized that Daksha had indirectly, killed Sati by his abuses and insults. In his terrible anger, he pulled a lock of hair (jata) and threw it on the ground from which arose Virabhadra and Bhadrakali, or collectively Manbhadra, two ferocious creatures who wreaked havoc and mayhem on the scene of the horrific incident. Nearly all those present were indiscriminately felled overnight. Daksha himself was decapitated. According to some traditions, it is believed that an angry Shiva performed the fearsome and awe-inspiring \"Tandava\" dance with Sati's charred body on his shoulders. During this dance, Sati's body came apart and the pieces fell at different places on earth. According to another version, Shiva placed Sati's body on his shoulder and ran about the world, crazed with grief. The Gods called upon the God Vishnu to restore Shiva to normalcy and calm. Vishnu used his Sudarshana Chakra to dismember Sati's lifeless body, following which Shiva regained his equanimity. Both versions state that Sati's body was thus dismembered into 51 pieces which fell on earth at various places. Several different listings of these 51 holy places, known as \"Shakti Peethas,\" are available; some of these places have become major centers of pilgrimage as they are held by the Goddess-oriented Shakta sect to be particularly holy. Besides 51 main Shakti peethas, some small peethas like Bindudham came into existence which are due to Sati's fallen blood drops. After the night of horror, Shiva, the all-forgiving, restored all those who were slain to life and granted them his blessings. Even the abusive and culpable Daksha was restored both to life and to kingship. His severed head was substituted for that of a goat. Having learned his lesson, Daksha spent his remaining years as a devotee of Shiva. Dakshayani was reborn as Parvati, daughter of Himavat, king of the mountains, and his wife, Mena. This time, she was born the daughter of a father whom she could respect, a father who appreciated Shiva ardently. Naturally, Parvati sought and received Shiva as her husband. This legend appears in detail in Tantra literature, in the Puranas and in Kālidāsa's lyrical \"Kumārasambhava\", an epic that deals primarily with the birth of Kartikeya. Kottiyoor Festival The mythology of Daksha Yaga and Sati's self-immolation had immense significance in shaping the ancient Sanskrit literature and even had impact on the culture of India. It led to the development of the concept of Shakti Peethas and there by strengthening Shaktism. Enormous mythological stories in puranas took the Daksha yaga as the reason for its origin. It is an important incident in Shaivism resulting in the emergence of Shree Parvati in the place of Sati Devi and making Shiva a grihastashrami (house holder) leading to the origin of Ganapathy and Subrahmanya. Shakti Peethas are shrines or divine places of the Mother Goddess. These are places that are believed to have enshrined with the presence of Shakti due to the falling of body parts of the corpse of Sati Devi, when Lord Shiva carried it and wandered throughout Aryavartha in sorrow. There are 51 Shakti Peethas linking to the 51 alphabets in Sanskrit. Kottiyoor Vysakha Mahotsavam, a 27‑day yagnja ceremony, conducted in the serene hilly jungle location in North Kerala yearly commemorating the Daksha Yaga. It is believed that Sati Devi self immolated in this location and apparently this is the location of Daksha Yaga. The pooja and rituals were classified by Shri Sankaracharya. Sati (Hindu goddess) Satī () (), is also known as Dākṣāyaṇī (Sanskrit: दाक्षायणी, lit. \"daughter of Daksha\"). In the Tamil tradition, Sati is called \"Tāṭcāyiṇi\", and in Telugu tradition she is known as Perantalu. Sati is the goddess of marital felicity and longevity in Hinduism. An aspect of Adi Parashakti, Dakshayani is the first consort of Shiva, the second being Parvati who is the reincarnation of Sati. In Hindu legend, both Sati and Parvati, successively play the role of bringing Shiva away from ascetic isolation into creative participation with the world. Queen Prasuti desired a daughter, Lord"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Habitual offender A habitual offender, repeat offender or career criminal is a person convicted of a new crime who was previously convicted of a crime(s). Various state and jurisdictions may have laws targeting habitual offenders, and specifically providing for enhanced or exemplary punishments or other sanctions. They are designed to counter criminal recidivism by physical incapacitation via imprisonment. The nature, scope and type of habitual offender statutes vary, but generally they apply when a person has been convicted twice for various crimes. Some codes may differentiate between classes of crimes (for example, some codes only deal with violent crime) and the length of time between convictions. Usually the sentence is greatly enhanced, in some circumstances it may be substantially more than the maximum sentence for the crime. Habitual offender laws may provide for mandatory sentencing - in which a minimum sentence must be imposed, or may allow judicial discretion in allowing the court to determine a proper sentence. One example of a habitual offender statute is a provision requiring the revocation of a driver's license for a person convicted multiple times of driving under the influence. The practice of imposing longer prison sentences on repeat offenders than on first-time offenders who commit the same crime is not an innovation. For example, New York has a persistent felony offender law that dates back to the late 19th century. These early habitual offender laws did not provide for mandatory sentencing. In Australia, various states and territories have adopted habitual offender legislation. Under the provisions of the \"Habitual Criminals Act 1957\" (NSW), an offender can be designated a habitual criminal and given an additional protective sentence of between five and 14 years imprisonment. The offender must be at least 25 years of age, have served sentences for at least two indictable offenses, and the sentencing judge must decide that preventive detention is required to protect the public. An offender who is at least 17 years of age and has been convicted of at least two violent or sexual offences can be declared a dangerous offender and detained indeterminately. A judge must consider the potential of future harm that could be caused by offenders, the circumstances of their offenses, medical and psychiatric opinion and any other matters of relevance. The decision passed by the court is not reviewable; the indeterminate sentence(s) commence upon the expiration of any determinate sentence imposed and release is by way of an order from the Supreme Court. The \"Criminal Code Act 1913\" (WA) and the \"Crimes (Serious and Repeat Offenders) Act 1992 \"(WA) contain provisions for the indeterminate incarceration of youths and adults convicted of particular offenses. The indeterminate sentence(s) commence upon the expiration of any determinate sentence imposed, and release is through a Supreme Court Order or at the discretion of the Governor. The \"Criminal Code Act 1983\" (NT) and the \"Criminal Law (Sentencing) Act 1988\" (SA) allow for the indeterminate incarceration of a person who is determined to be a habitual criminal and/or incapable of controlling their sexual urges. In South Australia, the indeterminate sentence(s) commence upon the expiration of any determinate sentence imposed, and are reviewed every three years after that. Release is only by way of an order from the Supreme Court. In the Northern Territory, a prisoner serving indefinite sentence(s) has a nominal sentence set at half the sentence that would have been imposed if not they were not dangerous, or 20 years (25 years in some circumstances) if the sentence imposed would have been one or more consecutive sentences of life imprisonment. The indeterminate sentence(s) must be reviewed by the court when the nominal sentence (the minimum term the offender would have been required to serve if they were \"not\" dangerous) has expired, and every three years after. The \"Sentencing Act 2005\" (ACT), the \"Dangerous Prisoners (Sexual Offenders) Act 2003\" (Qld), and the \"Sentencing Act 1991\" (Vic) govern habitual offenders. An offender can be incarcerated indeterminately if there is a high probability, given the offender's character, the nature of their offense, psychiatric evidence as to the dangerousness of the defendant, and any other relevant circumstances, that the offender poses a serious threat to the community. The indeterminate sentence(s) must be reviewed by the court when the nominal sentence (the minimum term the offender would have been required to serve if they were \"not\" dangerous) has expired, and every three years after. The minimum nominal sentence that can be imposed is ten years, but the sentencing judge can extend this if they believe that the prisoner's criminal history and/or the nature of the prisoner's offending warrants it. The longest nominal sentence on sentence(s) of indeterminate imprisonment is 30 years, currently being served by serial pedophile Geoffrey Robert Dobbs (Queensland), who pleaded guilty to 124 sex offences and one count of attempting to pervert the course of justice committed against 63 girls aged between one month and 15 years (including five family members) under his care as a teacher and youth leader from 1972 to 2000. In Canada, the Habitual Offender Act in Canada dealt with multiple offenders. The law was repealed after a Law Commission Report of 1969 found it to be erratically applied and was often used against non-violent and non-dangerous offenders. In 1977, Part XXIV of the Criminal Code was enacted for habitual offenders, providing for indeterminate or determinate sentences for offenders found to be dangerous who would be eligible for parole after three years and has the authority to extend such indeterminate non-parole period at any time. On 1930, the town of Guangzhou enacted a mandatory death penalty for those offenders who received their third conviction. From 2007 to 2014, France had \"peines planchers\" (literally \"floor sentences\"), which set a minimum floor to the sentences of recidivist offenders. Enacted under President Nicolas Sarkozy, they were repealed under his successor François Hollande, which made this point a part of his platform. Based on earlier reform plans, the National Socialist regime issued in 1933 the so-called \"Gewohnheitsverbrechergesetz\" against 'criminals by habit'; not only was the punishment raised, it also introduced a preventive detention to be reconsidered every three years. After 1945, the Allied military governments did not contest this law, and its regulations were taken over in 1953 into the German penal code Strafgesetzbuch. In 1969, the liberalization of civil and penal law made it more difficult to impose preventive detention and other measures. Contrary to the situation in the USA, the discretion lies with the sentencing judge. In Hungary, the Fidesz-dominated new parliament changed the Penal Code, introducing a \"three-strikes law\" for repeat offenders on June 8, 2010. The change has been signed into law. The Criminal Tribes Act, 1872 was amended a number of times. After Independence, the leaders and social reformers paid attention to this problem. In 1949, the Central government appointed a committee to study the utility of the existence of this law. The committee viewed that the act was against the spirit of the Indian Constitution. It recommended suitable steps to be taken for amelioration of the pitiable conditions of the Criminal Tribes rather than stigmatising them as criminals. As a result, the Criminal Tribes Act of 1871 was repealed in 1952 and the Habitual Offenders Act was enacted in its place. According to the Habitual Offenders Act, a habitual offender is one who has been a victim of subjective and objective influences and has manifested a set practice in crime, and also presents a danger to the society in which they lives. The Habitual Offenders are usually hardened criminals whose major part",
"attention to this problem. In 1949, the Central government appointed a committee to study the utility of the existence of this law. The committee viewed that the act was against the spirit of the Indian Constitution. It recommended suitable steps to be taken for amelioration of the pitiable conditions of the Criminal Tribes rather than stigmatising them as criminals. As a result, the Criminal Tribes Act of 1871 was repealed in 1952 and the Habitual Offenders Act was enacted in its place. According to the Habitual Offenders Act, a habitual offender is one who has been a victim of subjective and objective influences and has manifested a set practice in crime, and also presents a danger to the society in which they lives. The Habitual Offenders are usually hardened criminals whose major part of life has been spent in jails. It is because they commit offences at frequent intervals and are sent back to jail. Section 75 of the Pakistan Penal Code deals with Habitual Offenders. The provisions are activated upon a second conviction for a crime with a minimum sentence of three years imprisonment. The Guidelines for sentencing given to criminal court indicate that the discretion lies with the judge, and an enhanced sentence is not mandatory, and should usually not be given in less serious criminal cases (such as petty theft) or where the convictions are old. The judge is expected to adopt an individualized view and tailor both the decision of awarding an enhanced sentence and the length of it to the case at hand. For this the transcripts of the previous trials can be used. In the United States, several state governments have passed laws which require the state courts to hand down a mandatory and extended sentences to habitual offenders (for example, making the repeated commission of the same misdemeanor a felony). Three strikes laws specifically target those who have been convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or more separate occasions. There has been various criticism of Habitual Offender Laws. Some examples are included below. Habitual Offender laws, depending on their scope and discretionary room given to judges, can lead to persons being punished quite severely for relatively minor offenses. The discretionary nature of the laws means that they can be applied unevenly. In Australia, laws relating to dangerous and Habitual offenders have been criticized as ignoring the principle of certainty in sentencing. Another major concern in Australia is the considerable disparity that exists in the requirements for dangerous offender status and in the available sentences for such offenders across jurisdictions. Age and offense requirements, indeterminate or fixed sentencing provisions, and review procedures are quite different from state to state; these inconsistencies have been removed to some extent in the past decade. Some unusual scenarios have arisen, particularly in California in the United States — the state punishes shoplifting and similar crimes involving over $500 in property as felony petty theft if the person who committed the crime has a prior conviction for any form of theft, including robbery or burglary. As a result, some defendants have been given sentences of 25 years to life in prison for such crimes as shoplifting golf clubs (Gary Ewing, previous strikes for burglary and robbery with a knife), nine videotapes (Leandro Andrade, 50 years to life for two counts of shoplifting), or, along with a violent assault, a slice of pepperoni pizza from a group of children (Jerry Dewayne Williams, four previous non-violent felonies, sentence later reduced to six years on appeal). Habitual Offender laws also give prosecutors more power to force a defendant to plea bargain, as often the only deviation from a mandatory minimum sentence is with prosecutor approval. The laws have been challenged on the basis of violating fundamental rights. In the US on March 5, 2003, the U.S. Supreme Court held by a 5–4 majority that such sentences do not violate the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits \"cruel and unusual punishment.\" Habitual offender A habitual offender, repeat offender or career criminal is a person convicted of a"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Sally Gross (South African activist) Sally Gross (born Selwyn Gross; 22 August 1953 – 14 February 2014) was an anti-apartheid and intersex activist. A member of the African National Congress during the apartheid era, and the founder of Intersex South Africa, Gross acted as a mentor to intersex activists around the globe. Gross was born on 22 August 1953 to a Jewish family, classified as male, and named Selwyn Gross. Although aware of her genital ambiguities, she was only formally diagnosed as having an intersex variation in 1993 at age 40. She was subsequently reclassified as female. Although born to a Jewish family, Gross was drawn to Catholicism and was baptised in early 1976. She fled South Africa in May 1977, on the advice of colleagues in the African National Congress, moving to Botswana and then later to Israel where her parents had settled, before becoming a novitiate in the Dominican Order in Oxford, England, in 1981. She was ordained a deacon in \"around 1985\" and a priest in 1987, and then taught moral theology and ethics at Blackfriars in Oxford. She holds a master's degree from Oxford University. In 1987, Gross served as a delegate in an ANC conference, headed by Thabo Mbeki, in Dakar, Senegal. She was invited to teach in South Africa by the Dominicans once the South African ban on the ANC was lifted in 1990. Gross gained Israeli citizenship but lost her South African citizenship during her time as a refugee, which was restored in 1991. In the early 1990s she began to \"discern and explore\" issues around her body and identity; she took a leave of absence from the Dominican Order, and moved to Eastbourne in England. A year later, her clerical status was stripped and she considered herself removed from communion with the Church. She later found a spiritual home in the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), and in Buddhism. Her return to South Africa was complicated by a loss of citizenship during the apartheid era, and her change of sex classification. Granted a passport with a male sex descriptor in 1991, her requests for a passport with a female sex descriptor were passed around the South African Home Affairs and Health Departments. Gross rejected a suggestion of \"genital \"disambiguation\" surgery\" as \"an immoral suggestion\". Eventually she was granted a passport and a birth certificate with female sex markers, on the basis of a mistaken original classification. Gross was a founder of Intersex South Africa, an autonomous intersex community organisation affiliated with Organisation Intersex International. In 2000, Sally secured the first known mention of intersex in national law, with the inclusion of \"intersex\" within the definition of \"sex\" in the anti-discrimination law of the Republic of South Africa. Since then, she helped to draft legislation on the Alteration of Sex Descriptors, and the Promotion of Equality. Gross was a public speaker on intersex issues, and she was interviewed by the BBC World Service on intersex and the Caster Semenya affair in September 2009. She appears in a video for It Gets Better South Africa in April 2013. Gross also participated in the first International Intersex Forum in 2011 and appears in the documentary Intersexion. Via Skype, Gross presented a paper entitled \"\"Not in God's Image: Intersex, Social Death and Infanticide\"\" to a conference on Intersex, Theology and the Bible in March 2013 by the Manchester University Religion and Civil Society Network. The \"Daily Maverick\" newspaper reported that Gross died alone in her apartment in Cape Town on 14 February 2014, \"having been forced to appeal to friends for funds to pay rent and medical bills as her health deteriorated; she was virtually immobile.\" In obituaries by Organisation Intersex International, Intersex Trust Aotearoa New Zealand and the \"Star Observer\" newspaper, Gross is remembered as a gentle and fearless advocate, and a mentor. Sally Gross (South African activist) Sally Gross (born Selwyn Gross; 22 August 1953 – 14 February 2014) was an anti-apartheid and intersex activist. A member of the African National Congress during the apartheid era, and the founder of Intersex South Africa, Gross acted as a mentor to intersex activists around the globe. Gross was born on 22 August 1953 to a Jewish"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Heath (musician) , known exclusively by his stage name Heath, is a Japanese musician, singer and songwriter. He is best known as the bass guitarist of the heavy metal band X Japan. He joined the group in 1992, replacing Taiji Sawada on bass, and stayed with them until their dissolution in 1997 and reunited with the band from 2007 onward. After the breakup he focused on his solo career, until 2000 when he founded Dope HEADz with fellow X Japan guitarist Pata and former Spread Beaver percussionist/programmer I.N.A.. The group ceased activity after its second album in 2002. His stage name comes from his nickname, Hi-chan and he adopted it before 1986. Heath's first known band was the heavy metal group Paranoia which he joined in 1986 as bassist, their vocalist Nov would go on to the popular thrash metal band Aion. They released one album in 1987 before splitting up, and in 1988 he joined Sweet Beet as vocalist for a year. In 1990 he moved to Tokyo and got introduced to hide of X through a mutual friend, visiting their Nippon Budokan concert. In 1991 he played at Extasy Records' Extasy Summit '91 with a band called Majestic Isabelle. In April 1992 he joined Sweet Death, whom he had previously played with in 1990. Sweet Death was a band produced by Extasy Records, that same year the band's new leader Kiyoshi (who years later would join Spread Beaver), decided to change their name to Media Youth. Heath would not stay with them long, because in May hide invited him to join X Japan after a rehearsal with them. In June he left Media Youth and on August 24, 1992, at a press conference in New York at Rockefeller Center, it was announced that he had joined X. His first concert with them was the October 1992 Extasy Summit, and the following year they released \"Art of Life\", which topped the Oricon chart. However, that year the members of X Japan took a break to start solo projects. \"Dahlia\", which would become the band's last album, was released on November 4, 1996 and once again, it reached the number one spot. In September 1997, it was announced that X Japan would disband, they performed their farewell show, aptly titled The Last Live, at the Tokyo Dome on December 31, 1997. In 1995, Heath released his first solo album, \"Heath\" and his second, \"Gang Age Cubist\", in 1998. For the 1999 hide tribute album, \"Tribute Spirits\", Heath teamed up with X Japan guitarist Pata and former Spread Beaver percussionist/programmer I.N.A. to cover the song \"Celebration\". He would reunite with them again in 2000 when they formed Dope HEADz, adding vocalist Jo:Ya. They released two singles and an album, when in 2002 they recruited new singer Shame and released \"Planet of Dope\". Soon after its release they would cease activity. On December 29, 2003 he announced a new project called Rats, but after the release of their re-recording of Heath's \"Traitor\", the project was ended on August 29, 2004. That same year he formed a band called Lynx, with Der Zibet vocalist Issay. They haven't had any releases and it is unknown if they are still active. In 2005 Heath restarted his solo activities after a seven-year hiatus. According to a report by the newspaper \"Sponichi\", X Japan vocalist Toshi visited drummer Yoshiki in Los Angeles in November 2006 to work on a song as a tribute to hide. In March 2007, Toshi announced on his website that he and Yoshiki had recently resumed working together, stating that a \"new project\" would commence soon. Rumors of a X Japan reunion subsequently began, and in June Yoshiki was reported as having expressed interest in a tour and that he was in talks with Heath and Pata regarding their participation. On October 22, 2007, X Japan announced their reunion and released the \"Saw IV\" theme song, \"I.V.\". In 2010, they went on their first North American tour from September 25 to October 10. Their first world tour began with four gigs in Europe from June 28 to July 4, 2011 and was resumed from September to October with five shows in South America and five in Asia. In response to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami that occurred in Japan on March 11, Heath supported X Japan vocalist Toshi in eight concerts throughout western Japan. All of the shows were acoustic in support of nationwide power conservation efforts and also featured Luna Sea's Shinya and the Orchestra Ensemble Kanazawa. All proceeds were donated to the Japanese Red Cross to aid the victims. Heath uses Fernandes bass guitars; currently using his signature model FJB-115H. He also had a signature model with Burny, produced by Fernandes, the DB-85H. When he first joined X Japan he used a Burny WB-X and then a Burny EB-X from 1993 until getting a signature model. With X Japan Heath (musician) , known exclusively by his stage name Heath, is a Japanese musician, singer and songwriter. He is best known as the bass guitarist of the heavy metal band X Japan. He joined the group in 1992, replacing Taiji Sawada on bass, and stayed with them until their dissolution in 1997 and reunited with the band from 2007 onward. After the breakup he focused on his solo career, until 2000 when he founded Dope HEADz with fellow X Japan guitarist"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Hans-Kristian Kjos Sørensen Hans-Kristian Kjos Sørensen, sometimes also known as HKKS (born 23 July 1965 in Oslo), is a Norwegian percussion and cimbalom player, Hans-Kristian Kjos Sørensen started to play music at the age of seven and grew up playing percussion, piano and tuba. He studied percussion at the Norwegian Academy of Music. After a short period as principal percussionist in Stavanger Symphony Orchestra (1989) and later Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra (1990–91), he went on to study at the Banff Centre for fine Arts in Canada and at the Conservatoire National de Région Versailles with Sylvio Gualda, where he obtained the \"Prix de Perfectionnement à l'unanimité\". He is also a prizewinner from CIEM-competition in Geneva 1992. He has worked with composers like Henrik Hellstenius, George Crumb, Rolf Wallin, Brett Dean, Svante Henryson, Åse Hedstrøm and Per Nørgård, who dedicated to him the piece \"Isternia\" for cimbalom solo in 2010. As a soloist he has played with ensembles like Philharmonia Orchestra, Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra, Malmö Symphony Orchestra, Swedish Chamber Orchestra, The Norwegian Opera, BIT20, The Norwegian Soloist Choir and The Norwegian Chamberorchestra. He has been featured on a number of albums with improvised and notated music in jazz, baroque and classical genres, recorded for Ultron Records, BIS, ECM, Deutsche Grammophon, and Aurora. His solo-album OPEN won the Spellemannprisen (the Norwegian Grammy) for 2003. Kjos Sørensen is currently professor in percussion at The Norwegian Academy of Music in Oslo. A partial list of his recordings includes: Hans-Kristian Kjos Sørensen Hans-Kristian Kjos Sørensen, sometimes also known as HKKS (born 23 July 1965 in Oslo), is a Norwegian percussion and cimbalom player, Hans-Kristian Kjos Sørensen started to play music at the age of seven and grew up playing percussion, piano and tuba. He studied percussion at the Norwegian Academy of Music. After a short period"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Santerno The Santerno is a river in Romagna in northern Italy. It is the major tributary of the Reno River. In Roman times, it was known as the \"Vatrenus\" (small \"Renus\"), although, in the Tabula Peutingeriana, it was already identified as the \"Santernus\". It rises near the Futa Pass, at of elevation, in the Apennine ridges facing the plateau of Firenzuola in the province of Florence. Beyond Firenzuola, it flows northeast through the province of Bologna near Castel del Rio, where it is crossed by a famous medieval bridge, the \"Ponte degli Alidosi\". It then flows past Fontanelice, Borgo Tossignano, Casalfiumanese, and, once in the Pianura Padana (the Po River's valley), Imola. The river forms the border between the province of Bologna and the province of Ravenna for a distance before entering the province of Ravenna. It then empties into the Reno, from Bastia. It is probable that, in ancient times, the river flowed eastward from Bagnacavallo, as confirmed be the existence of a \"frazione\" of Ravenna called Santerno. In those days, after Imola, the river divided into two branches, one moving northeast toward Ravenna, the other continuing northward to join the Po. The Ravenna branch disappeared, most likely in the eighth century. Once the late course of the river was modified, and protective measures were taken in the 1880s, the Santerno was famous for its serious floods. Fourteen were recorded between 1679 and 1778. Santerno The Santerno is a river in Romagna in northern Italy. It is the major tributary of the Reno River. In Roman times, it was known as the \"Vatrenus\" (small \"Renus\"), although, in the Tabula Peutingeriana, it was already identified as the \"Santernus\". It rises near the Futa Pass, at of elevation, in the Apennine ridges facing the plateau of Firenzuola in the province of"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Kosmann lift In differential geometry, the Kosmann lift, named after Yvette Kosmann-Schwarzbach, of a vector field formula_1 on a Riemannian manifold formula_2 is the canonical projection formula_3 on the orthonormal frame bundle of its natural lift formula_4 defined on the bundle of linear frames. Generalisations exist for any given reductive G-structure. In general, given a subbundle formula_5 of a fiber bundle formula_6 over formula_7 and a vector field formula_8 on formula_9, its restriction formula_10 to formula_11 is a vector field \"along\" formula_11 not \"on\" (i.e., \"tangent\" to) formula_11. If one denotes by formula_14 the canonical embedding, then formula_10 is a section of the pullback bundle formula_16, where and formula_18 is the tangent bundle of the fiber bundle formula_9. Let us assume that we are given a Kosmann decomposition of the pullback bundle formula_16, such that i.e., at each formula_22 one has formula_23 where formula_24 is a vector subspace of formula_25 and we assume formula_26 to be a vector bundle over formula_11, called the transversal bundle of the Kosmann decomposition. It follows that the restriction formula_10 to formula_11 splits into a \"tangent\" vector field formula_30 on formula_11 and a \"transverse\" vector field formula_32 being a section of the vector bundle formula_33 Let formula_34 be the oriented orthonormal frame bundle of an oriented formula_35-dimensional Riemannian manifold formula_7 with given metric formula_37. This is a principal formula_38-subbundle of formula_39, the tangent frame bundle of linear frames over formula_7 with structure group formula_41. By definition, one may say that we are given with a classical reductive formula_38-structure. The special orthogonal group formula_38 is a reductive Lie subgroup of formula_41. In fact, there exists a direct sum decomposition formula_45, where formula_46 is the Lie algebra of formula_41, formula_48 is the Lie algebra of formula_38, and formula_50 is the formula_51-invariant vector subspace of symmetric matrices, i.e. formula_52 for all formula_53 Let formula_54 be the canonical embedding. One then can prove that there exists a canonical Kosmann decomposition of the pullback bundle formula_55 such that i.e., at each formula_57 one has formula_58 formula_24 being the fiber over formula_60 of the subbundle formula_61 of formula_62. Here, formula_63 is the vertical subbundle of formula_64 and at each formula_57 the fiber formula_24 is isomorphic to the vector space of symmetric matrices formula_67. From the above canonical and equivariant decomposition, it follows that the restriction formula_68 of an formula_69-invariant vector field formula_8 on formula_71 to formula_72 splits into a formula_73-invariant vector field formula_74 on formula_72, called the Kosmann vector field associated with formula_8, and a \"transverse\" vector field formula_77. In particular, for a generic vector field formula_1 on the base manifold formula_2, it follows that the restriction formula_80 to formula_34 of its natural lift formula_4 onto formula_83 splits into a formula_73-invariant vector field formula_3 on formula_72, called the Kosmann lift of formula_1, and a \"transverse\" vector field formula_88. Kosmann lift In differential geometry, the Kosmann lift, named after Yvette Kosmann-Schwarzbach, of a vector field formula_1 on a Riemannian manifold formula_2 is the canonical projection formula_3 on the orthonormal frame bundle of"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Regioselectivity In chemistry, regioselectivity is the preference of one direction of chemical bond making or breaking over all other possible directions. It can often apply to which of many possible positions a reagent will affect, such as which proton a strong base will abstract from an organic molecule, or where on a substituted benzene ring a further substituent will add. A specific example is a halohydrin formation reaction with 2-propenylbenzene: Because of the preference for the formation of one product over another, the reaction is selective. This reaction is regioselective because it selectively generates one constitutional isomer rather than the other. Various examples of regioselectivity have been formulated as rules for certain classes of compounds under certain conditions, many of which are named. Among the first introduced to chemistry students are Markovnikov's rule for the addition of protic acids to alkenes, and the Fürst-Plattner rule for the addition of nucleophiles to derivatives of cyclohexene, especially epoxide derivatives. Regioselectivity in ring-closure reactions is subject to Baldwin's rules. If there are two or more orientations that can be generated during a reaction, one of them is dominant (e.g., Markovnikov/anti-Markovnikov addition across a double bond) Regioselectivity can also be applied to specific reactions such as addition to pi ligands. Selectivity also occurs in carbene insertions, for example in the Baeyer-Villiger reaction. In this reaction, an oxygen is regioselectively inserted near an adjacent carbonyl group. In ketones, this insertion is directed toward the carbon which is more highly substituted (i.e. according to Markovnikov's rule). For example, in a study involving acetophenones, this oxygen was preferentially inserted between the carbonyl and the aromatic ring to give acetyl aromatic esters instead of methyl benzoates. Regioselectivity In chemistry, regioselectivity is the preference of one direction of chemical bond making or breaking over all other possible directions. It"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.