chunks
dict | ids
stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|
{
"retrieved": [
"Belica, Međimurje County Belica (, earlier \"Belicza\") is a village and municipality in Međimurje County, the northernmost county of Croatia. The municipality seat is in the village of Belica, located around 5 kilometres east of Čakovec, the largest city of Međimurje County. According to the 2011 census, the Belica municipality had a total population of 3,176 living in the two villages that the municipality consists of: A total of 3,134 people living in the municipality (or 98.68 percent) identified themselves as Croats during the 2011 census. The municipality is known for its agriculture, especially potato farming. There is even a monument dedicated to potato in Belica, unveiled in August 2007. There is also a kart circuit between Belica and the nearby village of Pribislavec, as well as a small sports airfield. Both Belica and Gardinovec have their own football clubs, NK BSK Belica and NK Radnički Gardinovec, who compete in local amateur leagues. Belica, Međimurje County Belica (, earlier \"Belicza\") is a village and municipality in Međimurje County, the northernmost county of Croatia. The municipality seat is in the village of Belica, located around 5 kilometres east of Čakovec, the largest city of Međimurje County. According to the 2011 census,"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"John C. Grady John Cadwalader Grady (October 8, 1847 – March 5, 1916) was an American lawyer and politician. Born in Eastport, Maine, Grady moved with his family to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He went to the Philadelphia public schools. Grady graduated from the University of Pennsylvania Law School and was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar in 1871. He practiced law in Philadelphia and was involved with the Republican Party. From 1877 to 1905, Grady served in the Pennsylvania State Senate and was president pro tempore of the state senate in 1887 and 1889. From 1907 to 1909, Grady served as Philadelphia Department of Docks, Wharves, and Ferries. He died in a hospital in Philadelphia after suffering a stroke. John C. Grady John Cadwalader Grady (October 8, 1847 – March 5, 1916) was an American lawyer and politician. Born in Eastport, Maine, Grady moved with his family to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He went to the Philadelphia public schools. Grady graduated from the University of Pennsylvania Law School and was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar in 1871. He practiced law in Philadelphia and was involved with the Republican Party. From 1877 to 1905, Grady served in the Pennsylvania State Senate and was president pro"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Vanessa Prager Vanessa Prager (born August 27, 1984) is a Los Angeles-based painter. Vanessa Prager is an American artist, born and raised in Los Angeles, California. Known mainly for her large-scale, abstract oil paintings, Prager's main subject is the face. Perception, perspective and information flow are all central themes to her work, which became more widely recognized after her exhibition, \"Dreamers —\" a series of \"imagined\" portraits which cross the border between the figurative and the abstract— opened and sold out completely, in Spring 2015. In January 2016, Prager's first solo exhibition in NYC, Voyeur, opened, with favorable reviews. The Huffington Post described the works as \"densely layered paintings, with pigment applied so thickly it forms its own topography\", elaborating that, \"various strokes of color – a ribbon of white like a squirt of toothpaste, a sharp sliver of green like a fish darting by – come together to form different visual narratives.\" In 2015, W Magazine described Prager's paintings \"sculptural\" and that \"nameless characters are barely visible up-close, but at distance they seem rise out of frantic ether like ghosts.\" In 2011 Prager painted still of Ryan Gosling, for the New York Times film Touch of Evil: Cinematic Villainy From the Year's Best Performers by photographer and filmmaker Alex Prager. Currently Vanessa Prager is represented by Richard Heller, Los Angeles and The Hole, NYC. Vanessa Prager Vanessa Prager (born August 27, 1984) is a Los Angeles-based painter. Vanessa Prager is an American artist, born and raised in Los Angeles, California. Known mainly for her large-scale, abstract oil paintings, Prager's main subject is the face. Perception, perspective and information flow are all central themes to her work, which became more widely recognized after her exhibition, \"Dreamers —\" a series of \"imagined\" portraits which cross the border between the figurative and"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Ray Evans (footballer) Raymond Leslie \"Ray\" Evans (born 20 September 1949) is an English former footballer who played in the position of full back in England and the United States. He played for Tottenham Hotspur, Millwall, Fulham and Stoke City. Evans was born in Edmonton, London and joined Tottenham Hotspur as an apprentice in May 1965, and signed as a full professional in 1967, making his league debut in March 1969 at Arsenal. He made 181 appearances including four as substitute in all competitions for the club between 1969–1974 and scored two goals. Evans featured in both legs of the 1974 UEFA Cup Final against Feyenoord with Spurs losing 4–2 on aggregate. He joined Millwall for a fee of £35,000 in January 1975. He helped the Lions win promotion to the Second Division in 1975–76 and made 91 appearances for the club in three seasons.During the summer of 1977, Evans played for the St. Louis Stars of the North American Soccer League. He transferred to Fulham in March 1977 where he played 91 for the Craven Cottage side as they posted three season of mid-table in the Second Division. In 1978, he returned to the United States where he played for the California Surf. He was selected for the First Team All-Star team in 1978. In August 1979 he return to England and signed for Stoke City. He played 44 times for Stoke in 1979–80 scoring a penalty against Aston Villa. He played in 36 matches in 1980–81 and 26 times in 1981–82. He returned to the United States after making 106 appearances for the Potters. In 1982, he moved permanently to the United States when he signed with the Seattle Sounders for two seasons. In the autumn of 1983, he moved to the newly established Tacoma Stars of the Major Indoor Soccer League. He would play three seasons for Tacoma before announcing his retirement in May 1986. In 1989, he came out of retirement to play one season in the Western Soccer Alliance with the Seattle Storm. While with the Tacoma Stars, Evans also served as an assistant coach. He is now the head coach of the Columbia Basin College, Washington, United States Source: Ray Evans (footballer) Raymond Leslie \"Ray\" Evans (born 20 September 1949) is an English former footballer who played in the position of full back in England and the United States. He played for Tottenham Hotspur,"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Huguenot Memorial Bridge Huguenot Memorial Bridge is located in Henrico County and the independent city of Richmond, Virginia. It carries State Route 147 across the former Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (now the James River Line of CSX Transportation), the James River and Kanawha Canal, and the James River in the Fall Line region above the head of navigation at Richmond. The Huguenot Memorial Bridge, which connects Southside (Richmond, Virginia) to urban Richmond, was completed in 1950. The 2900 ft (884 m) span replaced the low-level Westham Bridge which had been built as a toll bridge in 1911. The old bridge was subject to flooding and was inadequate for traffic in the growing suburban area. The Huguenot Memorial Bridge was named in honor of the French Huguenot settlers who came to the area in the 18th century to escape religious persecution in France. It is owned by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) and is the western-most bridge over the James River in the metropolitan Richmond area that is open to pedestrians. The 1950 original bridge was facing significant structural issues. After years of problems maintaining the deck and pavement, as of 2008, a replacement was included in the limited number of high priority projects underway with the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT). Construction began in 2010 and completed in 2013. Huguenot Memorial Bridge Huguenot Memorial Bridge is located in Henrico County and the independent city of Richmond, Virginia. It carries State Route 147 across the former Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (now the James River Line of CSX Transportation), the James River and Kanawha Canal, and the James River in the Fall Line region above the head of navigation at Richmond. The Huguenot Memorial Bridge, which connects Southside (Richmond, Virginia) to urban Richmond, was completed in 1950. The 2900 ft (884"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Leon Vitali Leon Vitali (born Alfred Leon; born 26 July 1948) is an English actor, best known for his collaborations with film director Stanley Kubrick as his personal assistant and as an actor, most notably, as Lord Bullingdon in \"Barry Lyndon\". Vitali was born Alfred Leon in 1948 in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, England, and went on to attend London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. Vitali guest-starred in a number of TV series in the early 1970s, appearing in \"Softly, Softly\", \"Follyfoot\", \"Roads to Freedom\", \"Z Cars\", \"Public Eye\", \"The Fenn Street Gang, series 1\", and \"Notorious Woman\" among others. In 1973, he made his feature film debut in two movies: the Italian \"Super Bitch\", directed by Massimo Dallamano, who had previously worked with Sergio Leone as a cinematographer in the first two of his Dollars Trilogy, and the television film \"Catholics\", alongside Martin Sheen and Michael Gambon. It wasn't until 1974 that Vitali met Stanley Kubrick, with whom he would go on to have a professional relationship for the rest of Kubrick's career. Vitali answered a cast call for \"Barry Lyndon\" and got the part of Lord Bullingdon, the title character's stepson. Kubrick and Vitali bonded during the shoot. As filming concluded, Vitali asked Kubrick if he could stay on, without pay, to observe the editing process, to which Kubrick agreed. Five years later, Kubrick sent Vitali a copy of Stephen King's \"The Shining\" and asked him to join the production of Kubrick's next film, to which Vitali eagerly agreed. He is credited in \"The Shining\" (1980) as \"personal assistant to director\". In 1977, he portrayed Victor Frankenstein in \"Terror of Frankenstein\", Calvin Floyd's adaptation of Mary Shelley's classic \"Frankenstein\", where he met his future wife Kersti Vitali, who worked as costume designer in the shoot. The Vitalis then worked as costume designers in Birgitta Svensson's \"Mackan\", after which Leon played a bit part in Svensson's next film, \"Inter Rail\" (1981). Leon and Kersti would divorce later on. Swedish actress Vera Vitali is their daughter. Masha Vitali is a second daughter. Max Vitali is their son. Vitali teamed with Kubrick again for \"Full Metal Jacket\" (1987), where he served both as casting director and assistant to director. Twelve years later, Vitali was credited with the same titles in working with Kubrick in what would be the director's last film, \"Eyes Wide Shut\" (1999), in which Vitali also played the Red Cloak; the words \"fashion designer Leon Vitali\" also appear in the third column of the newspaper article that Tom Cruise's character reads to learn about a former beauty queen's hotel drugs overdose. Since Kubrick's death, Vitali has overseen the restoration of both picture and sound elements for most of Kubrick's films. In 2004, Vitali was honored with the Cinema Audio Society's President's Award for this work. In 2017, Vitali was the subject of a documentary, \"Filmworker\", directed by Tony Zierra and screened at the London Film Festival in October 2017, in which he is interviewed at length about his work with Kubrick, now available for viewing on Netflix. In 1999, Vitali and filmmaker Todd Field, with whom he appeared in \"Eyes Wide Shut\", began discussing the possibility of making films together. Vitali is credited as \"technical consultant\" on Field's \"In the Bedroom\" (2001), and as \"associate producer\" on Field's \"Little Children\" (2006), where he also made a cameo appearance as \"The Oddly Familiar Man\". He played the apothecary in Carlo Carlei's \"Romeo & Juliet\" (2013). Leon Vitali Leon Vitali (born Alfred Leon; born 26 July 1948) is an English actor, best known for his collaborations with film director Stanley"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Juno (cigarette) Juno, (always written as JUNO) was a German brand of cigarettes and was owned and manufactured by Reemtsma, a subsidiary of Imperial Tobacco. Juno was launched in 1896 with new Virginia tobaccos from the Berliner Cigarettenfabrik \"JOSETTI\". To distinguish between flat oriental cigarettes with an oval cigarette cross section, a thick and round shape was chosen. The slogan of the launch phase was \"\"Thick and round\"\", also to be found on the cigarette packs of the Gründerzeit. The name \"Josetti Juno\" was registered on February 9, 1898 at the DPMA under no. 34169. and is still maintained by the Hamburg Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH. The Berlin company was founded in 1888 by Oskar Josetti at the Hamburger Straße 8. In 1892 the founder emigrated to the United States and sold the company for 500 Deutsche Mark, who, together with his partner Leopold Peters, continued the company in 1895 as \"Cigarettenfabrik Josetti, Inh. Meier & Peters oHG\" in 1895. New premises in the Rosenthaler Straße 40, in the new Friedrichstrasse 9-10 in Hamburg and at the Zeughaus market 35-37 (1896-1902) had to be rented to produce the new cigarette. During this time, the Berlin Cigarettenfabrik Manoli with 200 workers belonged to the largest industry in the German Empire. During World War I, a state-run anti-trust campaign financed by Deutsche Bank was conducted against foreign holdings. In 1915, Deutsche Bank was able to buy back foreign shares in Jasmatzi AG. A Reemtsma (Hamburg)-dominated interest group (IG) of several cigarette manufacturers such as Jasmatzi AG (Berlin), Yenidze GmbH (Dresden) and Constantin KG (Hanover, Dresden) was formed after the hyperinflation of 1923/24. in 1928, Reemtsma AG began a process of consolidation in the course of which they absorbed all their competitors into a single company with 14,000 employees by 1935. During World War II, the JUNO-cigarette end of 1943 was abruptly withdrawn from the market, as apparently the manufacturing plant in Berlin had been destroyed by air strikes. After World War II had ended, Germany got split up into Allied-occupied Germany and through the division of Berlin was the German Democratic Republic in the possession of the former Josetti company documents (VEB Josetti), and the \"\"Ost-JUNO\"\" (\"\"East JUNO\"\" ) production (flat and oval) was incorporated into VEB Tabak Nordhausen. Reemtsma Hamburg produced from March 5, 1951 a \"\"West JUNO\"\" (thick and round) variant in Berlin. Later in the GDR followed the \"Format 100 Juno Filter\", these cigarettes had to demonstrate the superiority of the socialist system in everyday life through their extra length. In the 1970s, the \"\"West Juno\"\" was first limited to the filter version and then withdrawn from the market due to poor sales, only in 1983 was a renewed placement in the German market. Reemtsma has since distributed the JUNO 100 (\"traditional blend tobacco\"), as well as the JUNO (\"German blend tobacco\", \"long and round\"). In May 2016, the Reemtsma Group announced that it had discontinued production of the Juno brand, due to the decision of Reemtsma to focus more on its main, big brands and because the EU introduced new packaging with shock picture warnings. In the period up to the first World War, small stickers for everyday products were common as advertisement, who showed the price of two Pfennigs for a JUNO. The slogan of that time was \"\"Fat and round\"\". After the takeover by Reemtsma, the JUNO cigarette advertising was not just purely focused on Berlin, but also all throughout the German Empire and primarily in Hamburg. The advertising slogan was changed to \"\"For a good reason Juno is round\"\". The JUNO-cigarette costed four Reichspfennig (or two Dimes in the six-pack) at this time. JUNO advertisements were also frequently seen on buses throughout the 1920s, with the slogan \"\"Berlin Raucht JUNO\"\" (\"\"Berlin Smokes JUNO\"\") In the post-war period, the matching advertising pad was texted and composed by Just Scheu, and Bully Buhlan recorded it with the orchestra Erich Börschel for a shellac advertising album in 1951. Juno (cigarette) Juno, (always written as JUNO) was a German brand of cigarettes and was owned and manufactured by Reemtsma, a subsidiary of Imperial Tobacco. Juno was launched in 1896 with new Virginia tobaccos from the Berliner Cigarettenfabrik \"JOSETTI\". To distinguish"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Clark and Sorrell Garage Clark and Sorrell Garage is a historic automobile repair shop located at Durham, Durham County, North Carolina. It was built in 1932, and is a one-story brick building, three bays wide and four bays deep, with a flat tar and gravel roof. It was expanded about 1941 with a seven bay, brick-faced addition. The addition features an Art Moderne style entrance with a stuccoed surround. Attached to the garage is a two-story office building. It is the oldest auto repair garage still in operation in the city. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. Clark and Sorrell Garage Clark and Sorrell Garage is a historic automobile repair shop located at Durham, Durham County, North Carolina. It was built in 1932, and is a one-story brick building, three bays wide and four bays deep, with a flat tar and gravel roof. It was expanded about 1941 with a seven bay, brick-faced addition. The addition features an Art Moderne style entrance with a stuccoed surround. Attached to the garage is a two-story office building. It is the oldest auto repair garage still in operation in the city. It was listed on the National"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Henryk Korab-Janiewicz Henryk Korab-Janiewicz (January 16, 1897 – August 11, 1971) was a Polish-American businessman, historian, social activist and three-time president of the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America. He was born on January 16, 1897 in Warsaw. In 1911, he became active in scouting and in the Riflemen's Association. In 1915, arrested by the Russians and transported deep east into Russia. Returned to Poland in 1919 and received a recommendation to enroll in a military trade school. Next, Korab-Janiewicz finished the Wyższa Szkoła Handlowa in Warsaw and worked as chairman of the International Association of Trade and Consignment \"Metokko\" as well as in the Polish State Loan Agency. In 1924 he moved to Paris, where he studied and worked as one of secretaries general for the Association for Protection of Polish Immigrants in France. In 1928 he moved to the United States and settled in the state of New Jersey, where he launched the Ampol Film Co. and worked for the editing staff of the daily \"Dziennik dla Wszystkich\". In 1935, Korab-Janiewicz established a factory of meat products called \"Pasco\" and initiated the creation of a Buffalo branch of the Polish Maritime and Colonial League. In 1940 he was elected president of the American Polonia Council in New Jersey. In 1947 he became a member of the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America and between 1955 and 1969 he served as its president, with two short breaks. On September 26, 1962 he was granted honorary membership of the Institute. Korab-Janiewicz died in Short Hills, New Jersey on August 11, 1971. Henryk Korab-Janiewicz Henryk Korab-Janiewicz (January 16, 1897 – August 11, 1971) was a Polish-American businessman, historian, social activist and three-time president of the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America. He was born on January 16, 1897 in Warsaw. In 1911, he became"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Martyrs of Daimiel The Passionist Martyrs of Daimiel were a group of priests and brothers of the Passionist Congregation killed by anti-clericalist forces during the Spanish Civil War. At 11:30 pm on the night of 24 July 1936, a group of armed men arrived at the Passionist monastery of Santo Cristo de la Luz in Daimiel, Spain. The members of the community were gathered for prayer when the superior of the community, Father Niceforo of Jesus, upon hearing the armed men exclaimed Gethsemane – this is our Gethsemane. Our spirit is deeply distressed as it contemplates the daunting perspective of Calvary, as was that of Jesus, and so too our human nature, in its weakness, trembles, becomes cowardly… But Jesus is with us. I am going to give you He who is the strength of the weak.. Jesus was comforted by an angel; it is Jesus himself who comforts and sustains us… Within a few moments we will be with Christ… Citizens of Calvary, take heart! Let us die with Christ! It is my duty to encourage you and I myself am encouraged by your example. Father Nicefore then gave the community absolution and Holy Communion. The Passionists were ordered out of the church and led to the local cemetery under armed guard. One of the five survivors later remarked ; Our imagination ran wild as we saw the already dug graves. Would they bury us alive…or dead? The thought of death frightened us, but the idea of being buried alive was even more terrifying. The armed men split the Passionists into groups and headed in different directions. The religious were set free but their movements had been observed by the Popular Front and information regarding their locations was sent to various armed fighters in the area using phrases such as The Passionists of Daimiel are going to pass through here. Fresh meat! Don't let them get away… On 23 July 1936, Father Niceforo and four others were shot dead, seven more survived but after suffering from their injuries were executed three months later by firing squad. Nine others were placed on a train to Ciudad Real. They were put in gaol, accused of being religious who were killing people. Then they were led down the street to be mocked and stoned by crowds. These Passionists were shot dead and buried in a mass grave, their alleged crime written on their wrists 'For being Passionist religious from Daimiel'. Ten other Passionists tried to get to Madrid by train or walking. They were taken off the train at Urda station and there, on the morning of July 25, shot dead. Two others, Father Juan Pedro of Saint Anthony and the elderly Brother Pablo Maria of Saint Joseph managed to walk to Carrion de Calatrava in Ciudad Real where they hid for two months. They were discovered and shot as they kissed their crucifixes and exclaimed \"Long Live Christ the King!\" Eyewitnesses reported that all of the Passionists had forgiven their murderers before they died. A witness to the murder of Father Niceforo reported that after being shot the priest turned his eyes to heaven then turned and smiled at his murderers. At this point one of them, now more infuriated than ever, shouted: What, are you still smiling? With that he shot him at point blank range. Those who died were: The majority of the martyrs were young students, sixteen of them between the ages of 18 and 21. The cause for the canonization of the Passionist martyrs of Daimiel was opened in 1984. They were declared 'Venerable' on 28 November 1988 and were beatified by Pope John Paul II on 1 October 1989. Their relics are preserved and venerated in the crypt of the monastery of Daimiel. The liturgical feast is celebrated on 24 July. Martyrs of Daimiel The Passionist Martyrs of Daimiel were a group of priests and brothers of the Passionist Congregation killed by anti-clericalist forces during the Spanish Civil War. At 11:30 pm on the night of 24 July 1936, a group of armed men arrived at the Passionist monastery of Santo Cristo de la Luz in Daimiel, Spain. The members of the community were gathered for"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Mary Louise Smith (civil rights activist) Mary Louise Smith (later Mary Louise Smith Ware) (born 1937) is an African-American civil rights activist. She is notable for having been arrested in October 1955 at the age of 18 in Montgomery, Alabama for refusing to give up her seat on the segregated bus system. She is one of several women who were arrested for this offense prior to Rosa Parks that year. Parks was the figure around whom the Montgomery Bus Boycott was organized, starting December 5, 1955. On February 1, 1956, Smith was one of five women named as plaintiffs in the federal civil suit, \"Browder v. Gayle\", challenging the constitutionality of the state and local bus segregation laws. On June 13, 1956, a three-judge panel of the United States District Court ruled that the laws were unconstitutional. The ruling was upheld by the United States Supreme Court on November 13 in a landmark decision, and in December it declined to reconsider. On December 20, 1956, the Supreme Court ordered Alabama to desegregate its buses and the Montgomery Bus Boycott ended. Mary Louise Smith was born in Montgomery, Alabama into a Catholic family. She and all her siblings attended and graduated from St. Jude Educational Institute. She is still a member of St. Jude Church, where she was baptized. At the age of 18, on October 21, 1955, Smith was returning home on the Montgomery city bus, and was ordered to relinquish her seat to a white passenger who had boarded later. She refused to do so and was arrested. She was charged with failure to obey segregation orders, some 40 days before the arrest of Rosa Parks on similar charges. Her father bailed her out of jail and paid her nine-dollar fine. The incident was initially known only to family and neighbors. Later a cousin, at a mass meeting to support a planned bus boycott, discussed her case with organizers. Attorney Fred Gray asked Smith and her father to become plaintiffs in a civil rights class-action lawsuit to end segregated seating on city buses. Her father agreed, for he wanted justice. On February 1, 1956, Gray and other attorneys filed a civil suit, \"Browder v. Gayle\" in the United States District Court, challenging state and local laws on bus segregation. Smith was one of five plaintiffs, including Aurelia Browder, Claudette Colvin, Susie McDonald, and Jeanetta Reese. (Reese left the case that month because of intimidation.) The women, other than Reese, testified before a three-judge panel, and on June 13, 1956, the court ruled that the laws were unconstitutional, based on equal protection under the Fourteenth Amendment. Appealed by the city and state, the case made its way to the United States Supreme Court. On November 13, 1956, it affirmed the lower court's ruling. On December 17, it declined an appeal by the city and state to reconsider, and on December 20 ordered the state to desegregate its buses. This ended the Montgomery Bus Boycott with success. Smith married a Mr. Ware and they had four children together. They later divorced. Smith Ware continued to work for civil rights beyond the boycott and trial. For instance, she worked on voting rights campaigns before passage of the federal Voting Rights Act of 1965, and participated in the 1963 March on Washington. In 1969, Smith contacted civil rights attorney Morris Dees to sue the Montgomery Y.M.C.A for not allowing her and her sister's children into their summer camp program. Smith is active with her 12 grandchildren and great-grandchildren. She enjoys reading, and she is active in several of her church auxiliaries and senior citizen clubs. In 1995, Smith was told by a news reporter, that she had been discussed as being a test case by black leaders in relation to organizing a bus boycott. She was told they had not picked her because her father was said to be an alcoholic, and they did not want any grounds for criticism of participants. Smith said this was untrue, and she was bothered more by the rumor than by having had her own contributions overlooked. Given the national attention commanded by the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Rosa Parks is the woman most associated with the issue. Smith was proud to be among the four women who took their case to the United States Supreme Court. When Rosa Parks died in October 2005, Smith Ware, then 68, attended the memorial service in Montgomery. \"I had to pay my tribute to her,\" Ware said. \"She was our role model.\" Mary Louise Smith (civil rights activist) Mary Louise Smith (later Mary Louise Smith Ware) (born 1937) is an African-American civil rights activist. She is notable for having been arrested in October 1955 at the age of 18 in Montgomery, Alabama for refusing to give up her seat on the"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Ken Hatfield (musician) Kenneth David Hatfield (born November 18, 1952) is an American jazz guitarist, who is also a composer, arranger, producer, and educator. Born Kenneth David Hatfield in Portsmouth, Virginia, Hatfield grew up in Norfolk, Virginia and began his formal guitar instruction with John Griggs at the Griggs School of Music in 1967. At the Griggs School Hatfield was introduced to the classical and jazz guitarists of the time such as Andrés Segovia, Wes Montgomery, Django Reinhardt and Johnny Smith. As a teenager growing up in the Tidewater, Virginia area, Hatfield met and played professionally with some of the area's most popular jazz musicians, including Joe Jones, Jimmy Barbour, and Philippe Fields. After graduating from Lake Taylor High School in Norfolk in 1971, Hatfield attended the Berklee College of Music in Boston, where he established himself as a leading student. He joined the faculty after his first year and remained an adjunct professor for the next two years. Then he left Berklee to pursue a career as a professional musician. He travelled throughout the U.S. and Canada before settling in Baltimore, Maryland. Hatfield remained in Baltimore for two years, working as a member of the R&B group Pockets, playing local jazz gigs and frequently augmenting Charlie Byrd's trio. In 1976 Hatfield moved to New York City, where he worked with the jazz organ groups of Jimmy McGriff and Jack McDuff. Hatfield later became a member of Chico Hamilton's group Euphoria while pursuing a career as a studio musician. His career as a session sideman fed his increasing interest in composition and arranging. This interest led to his return to academia to further his studies in composition, with an emphasis on counterpoint. In addition to composing jazz works for his own ensembles, he has written chamber pieces that range from solo classical guitar to string quartet and mixed ensembles of various sizes. He has composed choral works and ballet scores, including commissioned works for Judith Jamison, The Washington Ballet, and the Maurice Béjart Ballet Company. He has written scores for television and film, including Eugene Richards's award-winning documentary \"but, the day came\". Arthur Circle Music has published five books of Hatfield's compositions, and in 2005 Mel Bay published his book \"Jazz and the Classical Guitar: Theory and Application\", which is designed to demonstrate his approach to playing jazz on a classical guitar. In June 2006 Hatfield received the ASCAP Foundation's Jazz Vanguard Award for \"innovative and distinctive music that is charting new directions in jazz\". As leader Ken Hatfield (musician) Kenneth David Hatfield (born November 18, 1952) is an American jazz guitarist, who is also a composer, arranger, producer, and educator. Born Kenneth David Hatfield in Portsmouth, Virginia, Hatfield grew up in Norfolk, Virginia and began his formal guitar instruction with John Griggs at the Griggs School of Music in 1967. At the Griggs School Hatfield was introduced to the classical and jazz guitarists of the time such as Andrés Segovia, Wes Montgomery, Django Reinhardt and Johnny Smith. As a"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Pramod Bhasin Pramod Bhasin stepped down as President and CEO of Genpact, India's largest business process outsourcing (BPO) company, becoming non-executive Vice Chairman in 2011. Pramod is a British Chartered Accountant from McLintock & Co, London, and holds a Bachelor of Commerce degree from Shri Ram College of Commerce. He became an officer of GE. His career with GE and RCA spanned 25 years across the US, Europe and Asia. He was the head of GE Capital in India and in Asia, having earlier worked with GE Capital's Corporate and Finance Group in Stamford, Connecticut, US. Pramod started GE Capital International Services (GECIS) in 1997 as the in-house BPO division of General Electric (GE) when he convinced the senior stakeholders at GE to outsource certain simple non-IT services to India at Gurgaon. Under Pramod GE hired Raman Roy, pioneered business process outsourcing in India, and expanded its operations from India to countries including China, Hungary, Guatemala, Poland, Mexico, Morocco, the Philippines, Romania, South Africa and the United States. In 2007 the International Quality and Productivity Center at the Shared Services and Outsourcing Global Conclave named Genpact the Global Shared Services Leader of the Year and awarded Pramod Bhasin their Lifetime Contribution Award. A consultant and advisor in the domain, Pramod Bhasin served as the Chairman of India's National Association of Software & Services Companies (NASSCOM) for the year 2009-10, and became a member of the Board of Trustees of NASSCOM Foundation. He is also currently serving as President at TiE Delhi-NCR. Pramod Bhasin lives in New Delhi. Pramod Bhasin Pramod Bhasin stepped down as President and CEO of Genpact, India's largest business process outsourcing (BPO) company, becoming non-executive Vice Chairman in 2011. Pramod is a British Chartered Accountant from McLintock & Co, London, and holds a Bachelor of Commerce degree"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"The Stars That Blink \"The Stars That Blink\" is a short story by Orson Scott Card. It only appears in his short story collection \"Capitol\". This story takes place on a planet called Answer. Although it is still a colony world it is almost ready to enter the empire as a full member and become eligible to receive the fictional drug Somec. The governor of Answer is looking up at the stars and thinking how this will bring an end to the peaceful life they lead when a starship arrives in orbit. When the captain of the ship lands on the planet he tells the governor that there has been a revolution and that almost all of the people on the planet Capitol are dead. He goes on to tell the governor that the revolution has spread to other planets and that the people are destroying Somec all over the empire. When the captain says that he has a supply of Somec and the necessary equipment to put people into suspended animation on board the ship, the governor asks to see them. Once on the ship the governor destroys the equipment to record people brains making the Somec useless. He then offers to let the crew of the ship live on the planet and they accept. This book uses several plot elements also used in \"The Worthing Saga\", such as the sleeping drug Somec and the taping of memories. The fact that Abner Doon destroyed the planet Capitol is mentioned several times in Card's novel \"The Worthing Chronicle\". The Stars That Blink \"The Stars That Blink\" is a short story by Orson Scott Card. It only appears in his short story collection \"Capitol\". This story takes place on a planet called Answer. Although it is still a colony world it"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Jaara baby The Jaara baby was an Aboriginal Australian child who died at some stage during the 1840s to 1860s. The child's remains were discovered in 1904, and kept in storage by Museum Victoria for ninety-nine years, until in 2003 they were repatriated to the Dja Dja Wurrung community. The remains were of particular significance because they were found traditionally wrapped in possum skins along with about 130 other artifacts of both European and Aboriginal origin. The Jaara baby was first discovered by Europeans on 10 September 1904, near the town of Charlton, Victoria, by a woodcutter. He was felling a hollow tree when he discovered the remains wrapped in a possum skin bundle hidden within the tree's trunk. The remains were referred to the Victorian Coroner at the time, who determined that they had been buried in accordance with Aboriginal custom. He suggested that the remains be given to the National Museum of Victoria. Although it had been buried in accordance with Aboriginal custom, there was some doubt as to the identity of the Jaara baby, primarily because it was buried with both Aboriginal and European artifacts. These included Aboriginal necklaces, an apron and a tool belt, along with European items such as a button, an axe head and a baby's bootie. The items were sprinkled with ochre before they were tied up in a bundle of dried possum skins. At one point, Gary Foley, who at the time was the curator of the Bunjilaka exhibition at the Melbourne Museum, was approached by a white man from Canberra who claimed that the Jaara baby was an ancestor of his. He claimed that the baby was actually a European child, who had been abducted by Aboriginal tribesmen during the period of frontier violence which decimated Aboriginal populations in Victoria's west during the mid-nineteenth century. Although tests on the Jaara remains were not conclusive, they did reveal that the child was no more than eighteen months old, whereas the abducted white child was three years old. However, the question of why the baby was buried along with European artifacts is still unanswered. Gary Murray, chairman of the Northwest Region Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Board (and a member of the Dja Dja Wurrung nation), has suggested that the Jaara baby was probably the child of an elder or tribal chief, due to the sheer number and richness of the grave goods. The European items were probably included as a record of the tribe's history at the time, a memorial of conflict with European settlers. The baby remained in storage at Museum Victoria until 1994, when researchers from an Aboriginal cultural protection cooperative came across it in the museum catalogue, and were given permission to examine the remains. Later, anthropologist Alan West commenced a study to catalogue all remains in storage at the Museum, including the Jaara baby. In 2002, Gary Murray was negotiating the return of a number of artifacts from the Museum Victoria collection, under the Museum's repatriation program, begun in the 1980s. He was given a list of the Dja Dja Wurrung artifacts that the Museum had in their possession. However, one Museum employee noticed that the Jaara baby was not on the list. Murray approached Gary Foley, who in turn approached the Museum, and, after some dispute, it was agreed that the Jaara baby was to be repatriated. Alan West did not want the bundle to be returned, since he had nearly finished his cataloguing project, and had wanted to separate the remains from the grave goods. This proposal was rejected outright by Murray and other members of the Northwest Region Board. Eventually, West resigned from the Museum in late August 2003. On 10 September 2003, the Jaara baby was finally returned to its home in Dja Dja Wurrung country, and was reburied, ninety-nine years after it was removed. A handover ceremony, which included ceremonial dances by both Dja Dja Wurrung and Wurundjeri people, was conducted by Lord Mayor of Melbourne John So. Jaara baby The Jaara baby was an Aboriginal Australian child who died at some stage during the 1840s to 1860s. The child's remains were discovered in 1904, and kept in storage by Museum Victoria for ninety-nine years,"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Georgia Bureau of Investigation The Georgia Bureau of Investigation (GBI) is a state-wide investigative law enforcement agency within the state of Georgia. It is an independent, statewide agency that provides assistance to Georgia's criminal justice system in the areas of criminal investigations, forensic laboratory services and computerized criminal justice information. Its headquarters is located in unincorporated DeKalb County, near Decatur and in Greater Atlanta. The agency is divided into several parts: Fleet and Asset Section manages the GBI’s fleet of more than 500 vehicles and GBI assets totally nearly 5,000 items valued in excess of $100 million. Staff Services is responsible for: Services Governor Eurith D. Rivers was instrumental in the creation of the department in March 1937, when a law was passed Act 220 creating the Georgia Department of Public Safety which included the Georgia State Patrol and a plainclothes investigative division called the Division of Identification, Detection, Prevention and Investigation which became the GBI in 1940. Any crime committed on state property or on state highways came under the jurisdiction of the Department of Public Safety. The Georgia Bureau of Investigation was also authorized to assist in criminal investigations when requested to do so by local law enforcement officials or agencies. In 1972 then Governor of Georgia Jimmy Carter proposed extensive changes in the structure of the executive branch of state government that led to the introduction of the Executive Reorganization Act. As a result of passage of this Act and later amendments, on February 28, 1974, the GBI was made an independent agency separate from the Georgia Department of Public Safety. Georgia Bureau of Investigation The Georgia Bureau of Investigation (GBI) is a state-wide investigative law enforcement agency within the state of Georgia. It is an independent, statewide agency that provides assistance to Georgia's criminal justice system"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Tulipan Tulipan was a Brisbane-based Hungarian fusion band who were active from 1993 to 2000. Virag Antal, founder of the group, learned to play the traditional folk instruments hurdy-gurdy, zither and cimbalom or hammered dulcimer while at school in Hungary. She started the group in 1993 at the Queensland Conservatorium of Music among fellow students as a project. Before long the group started receiving requests to play at venues such as the indie-music nightclub The Zoo in Brisbane. The band toured the east coast of Australia and performed at Australian music festivals including Livid, Big Day Out and WOMADelaide. They were regular special guests at Woodford Folk Festival. Tulipan played traditional Hungarian melodies fused with other musical influences such as world music, jazz and pop, on folk instruments. Paul Petran, Music Deli presenter for ABC Radio National, said that Tulipan \"sound like no other band in Australia at the moment\". Virag Antal left Tulipan in 1999. Tulipan released an EP \"Red Moon\" in 1996, and the full-length album \"Manic Celeste\" in 1997, which was then re-released by Festival Records in 1998. Manic Celeste was nominated for Best World Music album at the ARIA Music Awards of 1998. That year also saw Tulipan win second place at Kaustinen Folk Music Festival's Best World Music Band competition in Finland, as well as Triple J's Unearthing the World competition. The lineup included the following musicians: Tulipan Tulipan was a Brisbane-based Hungarian fusion band who were active from 1993 to 2000. Virag Antal, founder of the group, learned to play the traditional folk instruments hurdy-gurdy, zither and cimbalom or hammered dulcimer while at school in Hungary. She started the group in 1993 at the Queensland Conservatorium of Music among fellow students as a project. Before long the group started receiving requests to play at"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Germinal (1993 film) Germinal is a 1993 French epic film based on the novel by Émile Zola. It was directed by Claude Berri, and stars Gérard Depardieu, Miou-Miou and Renaud. At the time it was the most expensive movie ever produced in France. The film had 6,161,776 admissions in France making it the 4th most attended film of the year. It won the César Award for Best Cinematography and Best Costume Design, and was nominated for Best Film, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor, Best Supporting Actress, Best director, Best Writing, Best Sound, Best Editing, Best Music and Best Production Design. The film was selected as the French entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 66th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. The film, set in the nineteenth century, closely follows the plot of the novel, which is a realistic story of a coalminers' strike in northern France in the 1860s. The movie was well received by the critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 90% of 10 critics gave the film a positive review, for an average rating of 6.9/10. Germinal (1993 film) Germinal is a 1993 French epic film based on the novel by"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Atraulia Atraulia is a town and a Nagar Panchayat (Notified Area Council (NAC) or City Council) in the Azamgarh district within the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Atraulia has an average elevation of 81 metres (265 feet). The nearest river is Ghagra, also known as the Saryu river. It is situated on the main road from Azamgarh to Lucknow. Bhorajpur Kalan, Gangapur, Bhorajpur Khurd, and Chitauni are situated close to this town. Atraulia has hospitals, schools, colleges, banks and automated teller machines (ATMs). The largest hospital in the area is the Seema Hospital. Recently, the Uttar Pradesh Government approved an additional 200 beds for use in Seema Hospital. Regular transport is available from Atraulia Bus Station. Govind Saheb Fair is the largest fair in the area and one of the top five in Uttar Pradesh. Each year it is organized by the villagers and other commercial organizations. hanuman temple in chatturpur khas The total population was 19,586 in the 2011 census. It is my bourn city . Any information about Atraulia plz..contact us vip8574@gmail.com . Atraulia Atraulia is a town and a Nagar Panchayat (Notified Area Council (NAC) or City Council) in the Azamgarh district within the Indian state of"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"An Dehai An Dehai (, 1844 – 12 September 1869) was a palace eunuch at the imperial court of the Qing dynasty. In the 1860s, he became the confidant of Empress Dowager Cixi and was subsequently executed as part of a power struggle between the empress dowager and Prince Gong. Before becoming a eunuch, An lived in Wanping Fortress, near Beijing. Empress Dowager Cixi regarded An as her favourite eunuch, and referred to him as \"Little An\" (). Jung Chang writes in \"\" (2013) that \"Cixi feelings towards him went far beyond fondness for a devoted servant\", and she was \"clearly in love\" with An. In 1869, Cixi sent An on a mission to the Imperial Textile Factory in Nanjing, to \"supervise the procurement\" of wedding gowns for Emperor Tongzhi wedding. On this trip, An travelled on the Grand Canal with a conspicuous display of imperial authority. This was an open violation of palace rules, which prohibited palace eunuchs from leaving the capital without authorisation on the penalty of death, so as to prevent eunuchs from gaining too much power. When An and his entourage reached Shandong Province, the governor Ding Baozhen reported his behaviour back to the Forbidden City. Led by Prince Gong, who disliked An, the Grand Council ordered the execution of the eunuch. Empress Dowager Ci'an seemed to have supported the decision whereas Empress Dowager Cixi, who favoured An, did not intervene on the eunuch's behalf. According to one explanation, Empress Dowager Cixi was attending a performance of Beijing opera at the time that the decision was taken and had requested not to be disturbed. As a result, An and six other eunuchs in his entourage were beheaded near the Ximizhi Spring in a Guandi Temple in Jinan. The other members of An's group, including his female relatives and a few musicians, were made slaves and banished to Heilongjiang in the far northeastern corner of the Qing Empire. After An's execution, a bereaved Cixi had all of his belongings collected, and entrusted them to one of her brothers. One of An's friends, a fellow eunuch, laid the blame for his death on Cixi, and was promptly strangled to death as punishment. It has been suggested by historians including Stephen Haw and Jung Chang that An's execution was part of, and exacerbated, a broader power struggle between Empress Dowager Cixi and Prince Gong. An Dehai An Dehai (,"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Gradgrind Mr Thomas Gradgrind is the notorious school board Superintendent in Dickens's novel \"Hard Times\" who is dedicated to the pursuit of profitable enterprise. His name is now used generically to refer to someone who is hard and only concerned with cold facts and numbers. In the story, the man himself he was the father of five children, naming them after prominent utilitarians such as Robert Malthus. He also ran a model school where young pupils were treated as machines pitchers which were to be filled to the brim with facts. This satirised Scottish philosopher James Mill who attempted to develop his sons into perfect utilitarians. His physical description personified this characterisation of the rigid and insistent pedagogue: In a famous passage, a visiting official asks Gradgrind's students \"Suppose you were going to carpet a room. Would you use a carpet having a representation of flowers upon it?\" The character Sissy Jupe replies, ingenuously, that she would because, \"If you please, sir, I am very fond of flowers.\" Gradgrind is the most dynamic character in \"Hard Times\" since he comes to recognize that emotions are important when his daughter Louisa has an emotional breakdown. The text of the entry is \"\"Gradgrind, a character in \"Hard Times,\" who weighs and measures everything by a hard and fast rule and makes no allowances. \"\" (from the Gurenberg Project's version). Gradgrind Mr Thomas Gradgrind is the notorious school board Superintendent in Dickens's novel \"Hard Times\" who is dedicated to the pursuit of profitable enterprise. His name is now used generically to refer to someone who is hard and only concerned with cold facts and numbers. In the story, the man himself he was the father of five children, naming them after prominent utilitarians such as Robert Malthus. He also ran a model school"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Mazda Nagare (car design) Nagare is a series of designs made by Franz von Holzhausen and Laurens van den Acker for Mazda. These designs have been constructed into concept cars, starting with the car of the same name, which then started this design series. The Nagare design lineup is a showcase of what Mazdas may look like in 2020. The Nagare design became popular after the release of the Mazda Furai. It was ditched in 2011, and Mazda started with the Kodo design. The influence of the designs are wind and flow. These can be seen in the cars' design, where some areas have the flowing motion. Some of Mazda's production cars had these as well (e.g. the 2010 Mazda3 Grand Touring). All vehicles have names in which represent the \"wind and flow\" inspiration in one way or another. The particular engines used for the cars were the Mazda MZR straight-four and the Wankel rotary. The MZR was used on the Ryuga and Hakaze, while the Wankel was used on the Taiki and Furai. The Nagare's engine is non-existent as it is not a running prototype. The Mazda Nagare is the first car built under the Nagare design series, and takes the same name as the series, which makes the car the only one to do this in the Nagare series. The car debuted in the 2006 LA Auto Show. The car's body style is based on a sports car. The design has the look of a long-wheelbase hatchback. The interior is very irregular, with the driver placed front and center under the roof's highest point, and three additional passengers seated behind in a \"wrap-around lounge\". The doors lift upwards while also pushing out sideways. The interior also has the futuristic look. Designer Franz von Holzhausen mentioned during an interview at Autoblog, that he took inspiration from nature and pasted it onto the Nagare concept. Some of von Holzhausen words are typed below:\"\"We began by studying motion and the effect it has on natural surroundings: how wind shapes sand in the desert, how water moves across the ocean floor, and the look of lava flowing down a mountainside. Natural motion registers an impression in your brain and that's what we hoped to capture with the new Nagare surface language. Once we started sketching our ideas, we weren't surprised to find similar quests underway in other product design disciplines. We found examples of motion influencing the shape and surface of furniture, architecture, apparel, and artwork. Nagare undoubtedly proves our confidence in identifying a new and exciting visual language for Mazda as we lead the way in defining the interaction of motion and flow in automobile surfacing.\"\" The Mazda Ryuga is the second vehicle built under the Nagare series. The Ryuga name means \"gracious flow\", which references the design purpose. The car features gull-wing doors, and an entirely futuristic interior, hinting Mazda's future in automobiles. A MZR straight-four engine runs the car, at the size of 2.5 liters. The Mazda Hakaze is the third car to be featured in the series. The name stands for \"leaf-wind\". The car is based on a crossover body style. The car has scissor doors, which makes front and rear access easy. HVAC and radio controls are difficult to access, making it unfriendly; the seats are very pod-like, hinting the seats may be hooked onto the center console. Mazda says the car is more production-ready than the rest of the lineup. The Mazda Taiki is the fourth vehicle featured in the series. The name Taiki means \"atmosphere\", which is fitting, noting the car's atmospheric-like top. The rear wheels are set out from the body, and an all-glass canopy goes around the driver and passenger. The car's interior continues the flowing design theme. Power from the Taiki comes from an improved version of the Mazda RX-8's Renesis Wankel engine. The Mazda Furai is the fifth and final car in the series. It is also the most storied and most popular Nagare-styled car. The Furai is based on the Courage C65 LMP2 race car that Mazda had used for the American Le Mans Series. The car runs on E100 ethanol and is the only rotary-powered car to do this. The engine is a mid-mounted R20B Renesis rotary engine pushing out . This power is delivered to the rear wheels by a 6-speed Xtrac semi-automatic transmission. The engine was built by company Racing Beat, who also made the rotary-designed muffler. The name Furai is also a reference to the \"wind and flow\" Nagare design inspiration, which means \"sound of the wind\". The car wears the number #55, to give tribute to the Mazda 787B. The car was tested in many circuits, such as Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca. In 2008, the car had died off in eight minutes after it was set on fire during a Top Gear photoshoot. This event was fully exposed in 2013. Mazda Nagare (car design) Nagare is a series of designs made by Franz von Holzhausen and Laurens van den Acker for Mazda. These designs have been constructed into concept cars, starting with the car of the same name, which then started this design series. The Nagare design lineup is a showcase of what Mazdas may look like in 2020. The Nagare design became popular after the release of the Mazda Furai. It was ditched in 2011, and Mazda started with the Kodo design. The influence"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Hiroyuki Sanada , is a Japanese actor. Sanada was born in Tokyo. Originally planning to be an action star, he studied Shorinji Kempo and later took up Kyokushin kaikan karate. Sanada began training at the age of 11 with actor and martial arts star Sonny Chiba's Japan Action Club, where he developed good all-round martial arts ability, and soon became Chiba's protégé. Sanada's martial arts film career introduced him to Michelle Yeoh, with whom he later starred in Danny Boyle's \"Sunshine\". He has a long-standing friendship with Jackie Chan, although he did not star in a film with him before \"Rush Hour 3\" in 2007. Sanada was often credited in his younger days as Henry, Harry, or Duke Sanada. Sanada received a bachelor of Arts from Nihon University. Sanada has established himself as a character actor who is adept at playing a variety of roles. He was first noticed as a serious actor in the movie \"Mahjong Hourouki\" directed by Makoto Wada. Since then he has acted in every Wada movie — works filled with humor and a nostalgia for classic films. In 1999 and 2000, he performed with the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) in their production of \"King Lear\", which earned him an honorary MBE in 2002. Many media reports erroneously stated that Sanada received the honorary MBE for being the first Japanese actor to perform with the RSC. This is not correct: Japanese actor Togo Igawa performed with the RSC in 1985 and joined the RSC in 1986. Sanada received his honorary MBE for his \"contribution to spreading British culture in Japan through his performance in a joint Shakespeare production.\" Some of Sanada's more famous movies are \"Tasogare Seibei\" (\"The Twilight Samurai\"), \"Ring\", \"Kaitō Ruby\", and \"The Last Samurai\". Sanada played Matsuda, the Japanese imperialist who befriends Ralph Fiennes's character, in the 2005 film \"The White Countess\", directed by James Ivory. He starred in the Chinese film \"The Promise\" directed by Chen Kaige as General Guangming. Sanada has appeared in \"Rush Hour 3\" with Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker and in 2007's \"The City of Your Final Destination\", another James Ivory film, in which he plays the younger lover of Anthony Hopkins's character. Sanada joined the cast of the ABC TV series \"Lost\" in 2010 during its sixth and final season. He portrayed Dogen, a high-ranking member of \"The Others\". In March 2011 appeared in the Keanu Reeves vehicle \"47 Ronin\", the first English-language adaptation of the Chushingura legend, Japan's most famous tale of samurai loyalty and revenge. Sanada is currently a guest star as Takehaya, a former Japanese Navy officer and legendary pirate captain in post-plague Asia, in the apocalyptic drama \"The Last Ship\". Hiroyuki Sanada , is a Japanese actor. Sanada was born in Tokyo. Originally planning to be an action star, he studied Shorinji Kempo and later took up Kyokushin kaikan karate. Sanada began training at the age of 11 with actor and martial arts star Sonny Chiba's Japan Action Club, where he developed good"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Abolhassan Naeini Dr. Abolhassan Naeini (, born 1955 in Qazvin) is an Iranian academic and the chancellor of Imam Khomeini International University from 2004 to 2006 and also 2014 to present. He graduated from New Jersey Institute of Technology and later received his Ph.D. in Civil Engineering from Iran University of Science and Technology. Naeini was the only chancellor of the university who was elected as by faculty member. Since President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad took office in 2005 this method changed and again all university chancellors were selected by government, so after one year, in 2006 Dr. Hassan Ghafouri Fard a member of Islamic Coalition Party was appointed as his successor by Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. Abolhassan Naeini Dr. Abolhassan Naeini (, born 1955 in Qazvin) is an Iranian academic and the chancellor of Imam Khomeini International University from 2004 to 2006 and also 2014 to present. He graduated from New Jersey Institute of Technology and later received his Ph.D. in Civil Engineering from Iran University of Science and Technology. Naeini was the only chancellor of the university who was elected as by faculty member. Since President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad took office in 2005 this method changed and again all"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Pietro Marchioretto Pietro Marchioretto (1763 or 1772 – May 20, 1828) was an Italian painter and engraver, mainly of rural landscapes, in a late Baroque style. He was born in Lamone, Feltre. Against his parents' wishes, he decided against farming, and at the age of 13 he sought work in painting. He traveled to Bassano and Castelfranco. But while working in the estate of Pietro Ciuran, he came to the attention of Giovanni Battista Lazzarini (1712-1791), During his career, he traveled through Veneto and Lombardy, Germany, Tyrol, and even Russia. He returned to Valsugana, he married Elizabeth Franceschi Telve, and continued to paint locally. Among his pupils was Francesco Cancitsk. Pietro Marchioretto Pietro Marchioretto (1763 or 1772 – May 20, 1828) was an Italian painter and engraver, mainly of rural landscapes, in a late Baroque style. He was born in Lamone, Feltre. Against his parents' wishes, he decided against farming, and at the age of 13 he sought work in painting. He traveled to Bassano and Castelfranco. But while working in the estate of Pietro Ciuran, he came to the attention of Giovanni Battista Lazzarini (1712-1791), During his career, he traveled through Veneto and Lombardy, Germany, Tyrol, and even Russia."
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Boudin Boudin () are various kinds of sausage in French, Luxembourg, Belgian, German, Quebec, Acadian, Aostan, Creole, Surinamese Creole, Austrian and Cajun cuisine. The Anglo-Norman word \"boudin\" meant 'sausage', 'blood sausage' or 'entrails' in general. Its origin is unclear. It has been traced both to Romance and to Germanic roots, but there is not good evidence for either. (cf. boudin) The English word \"pudding\" probably comes from \"boudin\". The term \"boudin\" in the Acadiana cultural region of Louisiana is commonly understood to refer only to boudin blanc and not to other variants. Boudin blanc is the staple boudin of this region and is the one most widely consumed. Also popular is seafood boudin consisting of crab, shrimp, and rice. Cajun boudin is available most readily in southern Louisiana, particularly in the Lafayette, Lake Charles, Alexandria, Baton Rouge, and smaller, lesser known areas like Ville Platte (the north point of the \"Cajun Triangle\" where it tends to be a daily staple), though it may be found nearly anywhere in \"Cajun Country\", including eastern Texas. There are restaurants devoted to the speciality, though boudin is also sold from rice cookers in convenience stores along Interstate 10. Since boudin freezes well, it is shipped to specialty stores and even some large retailers outside the region. Boudin is fast approaching the status of the stars of Cajun cuisine (e.g., dirty rice, étouffée, gumbo, and jambalaya) and has fanatic devotees who travel across Louisiana comparing the numerous homemade varieties. Boudin Noir is available in Illinois in the Iroquois County towns of Papineau and Beaverville. The dish is the featured cuisine at the annual Beaverville Founder's Day, held the second weekend of September. People travel from hundreds of miles to partake of the boudin. Boudin gave rise to \"Le Boudin\", the official march of the French Foreign Legion. \"Blood sausage\" is a colloquial reference to the gear (rolled up in a red blanket) that used to top the backpacks of Legionnaires. The song makes repeated reference to the fact that the Belgians don't get any \"blood sausage\", since the King of the Belgians at one time forbade his subjects from joining the Legion (verse says \"\"ce sont des tireurs au cul\"\"). Boudin Boudin () are various kinds of sausage in French, Luxembourg, Belgian, German, Quebec, Acadian, Aostan, Creole, Surinamese Creole, Austrian and Cajun cuisine. The Anglo-Norman word \"boudin\" meant 'sausage', 'blood sausage' or 'entrails' in general."
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Guizhou–Guangxi railway The Guizhou–Guangxi railway or Qiangui railway (), is a single-track electrified railroad in Southwest China between Guiyang in Guizhou Province and Liuzhou in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The shorthand name for the line, Qiangui, is derived from the shorthand names of Guizhou (Qian 黔) and Guangxi (Gui 桂). The railway was originally built from 1939 to 1958 and had a total length of . From 2004 to 2009, the line was rebuilt to add tunnels and bridges in place of switchbacks over mountainous terrain and reduced in length to . Travel time between the two terminal cities has been reduced from 14 hours to 5 hours. Major cities and towns along route include Liuzhou, Liujiang, Liucheng, Yizhou, Hechi, Dushan County, Duyun, Guiding County, Longli County, and Guiyang. The Qiangui railway is a major rail conduit in western China from Baotou in Inner Mongolia to Gulf of Tonkin. Construction of the Guizhou–Guangxi railway began under the Republic of China during World War II to provide the country's wartime capital, Chongqing, with an outlet to the sea. In April 1939, with the Japanese invasion threatening Jiangxi and Hunan Provinces, the Chinese government chose to abandon construction of the Hunan–Guizhou railway and shifted personnel southwestward to the Guizhou–Guangxi corridor. From September 1939 to February 1941, of track was laid in the plains from Liuzhou to Jinchengjiang (Hechi). The Jinchengjiang to Dushan section was completed by May 1943, and gave rail access to the airfield at Dushan. Dushan served as a base for the Flying Tigers and reception point for the allied air shipments over \"the hump\" from India. The Qiangui railway was used to redistribute supplies to southern Guizhou and Guangxi. Pilots shot down and rescued in rural Guangxi and Guizhou were sent to stations along route and transported by rail back to Dushan. Over 200,000 workers were mobilized for the project in Guangxi and 30,000 in Guizhou. Over 2,000 workers died of disease and accidents. Work on the final section from Duyun to Guizhou was halted in 1944 with the Japanese Ichi-Go Offensive. In November 1944, the Japanese captured Liuzhou and proceeded to travel up the railway to attack southern Guizhou. The Chinese forces defending Mawei, Dushan and Duyun proceeded to destroy the railway and train cars. After the Japanese surrender in 1945, the Republican government began to repair the sections damaged by the war. The Chinese Civil War intervened and by 1949 only the Liuzhou-Jinchengjiang section had been restored. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the new government removed rails from 300-km unrepaired section from Jinchengjiang to Qingtaipo to build the Hunan–Guangxi railway. Construction on the Jinchengjiang to Duyun section of the Guizhou–Guangxi railway resumed in 1955 and was completed in 1958. The entire line officially opened on January 7, 1959. Aside from the Guiyang to Guiding section which had double-track, the rest of the line was single track. Due to the mountain terrain and steep inclines on the line, average travel speed on the line was limited to for passenger service and for freight. From December 2004 to January 2009, the railway underwent reconstruction to expand capacity. The Luoman (Liujiang) to Jinchengjiang section of the line was largely rebuilt. Entirely new lines were built between Jinchenjiang to Longli and between Liuzhou and Luoman. The Liuzhou to Longli section was electrified. As a result, the length of the line was shortened by . Travel speed rose to between Liuzhou and Jinchengjiang and between and between Jinchengjiang and Longli. Guizhou–Guangxi railway The Guizhou–Guangxi railway or Qiangui railway (), is a single-track electrified railroad in Southwest"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Cocke's Mill House and Mill Site Cocke's Mill House and Mill Site, also known as Coles' Mill and Johnston's Mill, is a historic home located near North Garden, Albemarle County, Virginia. The miller's house was built in about 1820, and is a 1 1/2-half-story, three-bay, gable-roofed stone cottage built on a high basement. A one-story frame addition was built in 1989. Located on the property are the stone foundations of Cocke's Mill, built about 1792. It was originally two stories high with dimensions of 51 feet by 40 feet, and the stone walls of the original mill and tail race. The mill remained in use into the 1930s, and burned sometime in the 1940s. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. Cocke's Mill House and Mill Site Cocke's Mill House and Mill Site, also known as Coles' Mill and Johnston's Mill, is a historic home located near North Garden, Albemarle County, Virginia. The miller's house was built in about 1820, and is a 1 1/2-half-story, three-bay, gable-roofed stone cottage built on a high basement. A one-story frame addition was built in 1989. Located on the property are the stone foundations of Cocke's Mill, built about"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Joseph Thomas O'Keefe Joseph Thomas O'Keefe (March 12, 1919 – September 2, 1997) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Bishop of Syracuse from 1987 to 1995. Joseph O'Keefe was born in New York City to Michael and Bridget (née O'Sullivan) O'Keefe. He was ordained to the priesthood for the Archdiocese of New York on April 17, 1948. During his priestly ministry, he served as a curate at St. Luke's Church and biology instructor and dean at Cardinal Hayes High School in The Bronx. He also taught biology at Mercy College in Dobbs Ferry and at St. Joseph Seminary in Yonkers. He was Secretary for Education and associate superintendent of Catholic schools in the Archdiocese, chancellor and vicar general, and pastor of St. John the Evangelist Church in Manhattan. On July 3, 1982, O'Keefe was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of New York and Titular Bishop of \"Tres Tabernae\" by Pope John Paul II. He received his episcopal consecration on the following September 8 from Cardinal Terence Cooke, with Archbishop John Joseph Maguire and Bishop Harold Robert Perry, S.V.D., serving as co-consecrators, at St. Patrick's Cathedral. Upon the resignation of Bishop Francis James Harrison, O'Keefe was named the eighth Bishop of Syracuse on June 16, 1987. He was installed at the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception on the following August 3. After reaching the mandatory retirement age of 75, he resigned as bishop on April 4, 1995. O'Keefe died from heart failure at St. Joseph's Hospital Health Center, aged 78. Joseph Thomas O'Keefe Joseph Thomas O'Keefe (March 12, 1919 – September 2, 1997) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Bishop of Syracuse from 1987 to 1995. Joseph O'Keefe was born in New York City to Michael and Bridget (née O'Sullivan) O'Keefe."
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Pirana Pir Dargah The Pirana Pir Dargah is a dargah (tomb) and large mosque in Malda district in the state of West Bengal,India.It is the shrine of Akhi Siraj Aainae Hind Bengali Sufi saint of the Chishti mystic tradition.It is one of the popular tourists attraction place in Malda district under the Department of Tourism by the Government of West Bengal.This place popularly known for big Islamic festival Eid fair.It is famous for mainly Muslims pilgrims and any other many religions peoples visit here. Pirana Pir Dargah is located at Mollapara, Malda. Pirana Pir Dargah or Mosque was made by Akhi Siraj Aainae Hind followers in 14th century. It has a big entry gate front of the shrine's prayer hall.It has many washrooms and toilets for pilgrims.It has a big lake.The lake also called Sagar Dighi.It has daily food processing facility fed for poor and invalid peoples and also for pilgrims.It has big picnic spot place.It has big parking place with security. It has security facility by police force under English Bazar Police Station.Here is 10 police force or civic volountire for guard this worship place. It has a Islamic Madrasa and a big mosque with a 5 floor minaret. Pirana Pir Dargah The Pirana Pir Dargah is a dargah (tomb) and large mosque in Malda district in the state of West Bengal,India.It is the shrine of Akhi Siraj Aainae Hind Bengali Sufi saint of the Chishti mystic tradition.It is one of the popular tourists attraction place in Malda district under the Department of Tourism by the Government of West Bengal.This place popularly known for big Islamic festival Eid fair.It is famous for mainly Muslims pilgrims and any other many religions peoples visit here. Pirana Pir Dargah is located at Mollapara, Malda. Pirana Pir Dargah or Mosque was made by"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Highland Fencible Corps The plan of raising a fencible corps in the Highlands was first proposed and carried into effect by William Pitt the Elder, (afterwards Earl of Chatham) in the year 1759. During the three preceding years both the fleets and armies of Great Britain had suffered reverses, and it was thought that a \"home guard\" was necessary as a bulwark against invasion. In England county militia regiments were raised for internal defence in the absence of the regular army; but it was not deemed prudent to extend the system to Scotland, the inhabitants of which, it was supposed, could not yet be safely entrusted with arms because of The 'Fifteen' and The 'Forty-Five' rebellions. Groundless as the reasons for this caution undoubtedly were in regard to the Lowlands, it would certainly have been hazardous at a time when the Stuarts and their adherents were still plotting a restoration to have armed the clans. An exception, however, was made in favour of the people of Argyle and Sutherland, and accordingly letters of service were issued to the George Campbell, Duke of Argyle, then the most influential and powerful nobleman in Scotland, and William Sutherland, Earl of Sutherland to raise, each of them, a fencible regiment within their districts. Unlike the militia regiments which were raised by ballot, the fencibles were to be raised by the ordinary mode of recruiting, and like the regiments of the line, the officers were to be appointed, and their commissions signed by the king. The same system was followed at different periods down to the year 1799, the last of the fencible regiments having been raised in that year. The following is a list of the Highland fencible regiments according to the chronological order of the commissions: The commissions of the officers of the Argyle Fencibles were dated in the month of July, 1759. The regiment, which consisted of 1,000 men, was raised in three months. Of 37 officers, 21 were of the name of Campbell. The regiment was quartered in different parts of Scotland, and disbanded in the year 1763. Though the commissions of the officers were dated in the month of August, the Sutherland Fencibles was raised several weeks before that of Argyle Fencibles, 1,100 men having assembled at the call of the earl of Sutherland, on the lawn before Dunrobin Castle, within nine days after his lordship's arrival in Sutherland with his letters of service. This regiment was disbanded in May, 1763. The Argyle or Western Fencibles was raised by Lord Frederick Campbell, who had been appointed colonel, and it was embodied in Glasgow in April, 1778. Of the men, 700 were raised in Argyleshire and other parts of the western Highlands; the rest were recruited in Glasgow and the south-west of Scotland. Sir James Campbell of Ardkinglas was appointed lieutenant-colonel, and Hugh Montgomery of Coilsfield, afterwards Earl of Eglintoun, Major. The regiment was disbanded in 1783. The Gordon Fencibles regiment, which consisted of 960, was raised by Charles, Duke of Gordon on his estates in the counties of Inverness, Moray, Banff, and Aberdeen. It was embodied at Aberdeen, and disbanded in 1783. During the five years this regiment was embodied, only twenty-four men died. The family of Sutherland being at that time represented by a female (Elizabeth Gordon), and an infant (afterwards the duchess-countess of Sutherland) and no near relative of the name to assume the command of this regiment, William Wemyss of Wemyss, nephew of the last earl (William Sutherland), was appointed colonel. With the exception of two companies from Caithness, commanded by William Innes of Sandside, and John Sutherland of Wester, the recruits were raised on the Sutherland estates; and so desirous were the men of Sutherland of entering the regiment, that in the parish of Farr alone 154 were enlisted in two days. In February 1779 the regiment was embodied at Fort George, whence it marched southward, and was stationed in the neighbourhood of Edinburgh during the part of its service. It was disbanded in 1783. Samuel Macdonald, better known by the sobriquet of \"Big Sam\", was a soldier in the regiment. He was born in the parish of Lairg in Sutherland, and was of extraordinary stature, being seven feet four inches in height, and every way stout in proportion. Being too large to stand in the ranks, he was generally placed on the right of the regiment when in line, and marched at the head when in column. Whether on duty, marching with his regiment, or on the streets, he was always accompanied by a mountain-deer of uncommon size, which was greatly attached to him. The Grant or Strathspey Fencibles were raised when Sir James Grant of Grant, having offered to raise a regiment, he obtained permission to do so, and two months after the declaration of war by France, the regiment was assembled at Forres in the end of April, 1793. With the exception of 41 Scottish Lowlanders, three Englishmen, and two Irishmen, the regiment consisted of Highlanders. On 5 June it was embodied and inspected by Lieutenant-general Alexander Leslie, marched to the southward in August, and quartered successively in most of the towns in the south of Scotland. Whilst stationed at Dumfries in 1795, a mutiny broke out amongst the Strathspey Highlanders. A spirit of jealousy and distrust of their officers had taken deep root in the breasts of the men, in consequence of an attempt that had been made the preceding year at Linlithgow, to induce them to extend their service, which was confined to Scotland. They erroneously conceived that there was a design to entrap them; a suspicion which appears to have originated in the conduct of the officers, some of whom did not explain the nature of the proposals to their men, whilst others entirely mistook their import and meaning. For a time the good understanding between the officers and the men appeared to have returned; but an incident which occurred at Dumfries rekindled the dying embers of dissension, and led to the most unpleasant consequences. A soldier in the ranks having made a jocular remark, which was considered as offensive by the officers, he and some of his comrades, who appeared to enjoy the joke, were put into confinement, and threatened with punishment This injudicious step roused the feelings of the Highlanders, who considered themselves as insulted and disgraced in the persons of the prisoners, and they could not endure that such a stain should \"attach to themselves and their country from an infamous punishment for crimes, according to their views, not in themselves infamous in the moral sense of the word\". The consequence was, that many of the soldiers, in open defiance of their officers, broke out, and released the prisoners. After this unfortunate affair, the regiment was marched to Musselburgh, when Corporal James Macdonald, and privates Charles and Alexander Mackintosh, Alexander Fraser, and Duncan Macdougall, were tried, and being found guilty of mutinous conduct, condemned to be shot. The corporal's sentence was restricted to a corporal punishment. The four privates were marched out to Gullane Links, East Lothian, on 16 July 1795, and when they had arrived on the ground they were told that only two were to suffer, and that the two Mackintoshes would be permitted to draw lots. They accordingly drew, when the fatal one fell on Charles, who, with Fraser, was immediately shot in presence of the Scots Brigade, (afterwards the 94th regiment) and the Sutherland, Breadalbane, and Grant Fencibles. The others were ordered to join regiments abroad. No other act of insubordination occurred in the regiment, which was disbanded in the year 1799. The Breadalbane Fencibles were raised when John Campbell, Earl of Breadalbane, moved by the same patriotic feeling which actuated Sir James Grant, offered to raise two fencible regiments, which were completed in the summer of 1793. A third battalion was embodied a few months thereafter, under an arrangement, that its service,",
"they were told that only two were to suffer, and that the two Mackintoshes would be permitted to draw lots. They accordingly drew, when the fatal one fell on Charles, who, with Fraser, was immediately shot in presence of the Scots Brigade, (afterwards the 94th regiment) and the Sutherland, Breadalbane, and Grant Fencibles. The others were ordered to join regiments abroad. No other act of insubordination occurred in the regiment, which was disbanded in the year 1799. The Breadalbane Fencibles were raised when John Campbell, Earl of Breadalbane, moved by the same patriotic feeling which actuated Sir James Grant, offered to raise two fencible regiments, which were completed in the summer of 1793. A third battalion was embodied a few months thereafter, under an arrangement, that its service, if necessary, should be extended to Ireland. The number of men raised was 2,300, of whom 1,600 were obtained from the estate of Breadalbane alone. A mutiny, similar in every respect in its cause, object, and consequences, to that of the Strathspey Fencibles, occurred amongst the Breadalbane Fencibles, at Glasgow in 1795. Measures were taken to secure the ringleaders; but so many of the men were concerned, that it was found almost impossible to make a proper distinction. The difficulty was however solved by some of the soldiers themselves, who, becoming sensible of their error, with a noble and high-minded feeling, voluntarily offered to stand trial, and to abide the issue. They were accordingly sent to Edinburgh castle, tried, and four of their number condemned to be shot, but only one, Alexander Morland, suffered. He was shot on Musselburgh Sands. An anecdote of one of these men, related by David Stewart, affords a striking illustration of the faithfulness of the Highlanders in fulfilling obligations. On the march to Edinburgh, this man stated to Major Colin Campbell, who commanded the party, that he knew what his fate would be, but that he had left business of the utmost importance to a friend in Glasgow, which he wished to transact before his death; that as to himself he was fully prepared to meet his fate, but, with regard to his friend, he could not die in peace unless the business was settled; and that if the officer would permit him to return to Glasgow, he would join his comrades before they reached Edinburgh. He added, \"You have known me since I was a child; you know my country and kindred, and you may believe I shall never bring you to any blame by a breach of the promise I now make, to be with you in full time to be delivered up in the castle\". Major Campbell, a very judicious and humane man, was startled at this extraordinary proposal; but having perfect confidence in the prisoner, he complied with his request. The soldier, accordingly, returned to Glasgow at night, transacted his business, and left the town before day-light to redeem his pledge. To avoid observation, he made a circuitous route through woods and over hills, which retarded him so much, that he did not appear at the appointed hour. Major Campbell, on reaching the neighbourhood of Edinburgh without his prisoner, was greatly perplexed. He had indeed marched slowly forward, but no soldier appeared; and unable to delay any longer, he entered the city, marched up to the Castle, and as he was delivering over the prisoners, but before any report had been given in, Macmartin, the absent soldier, rushed in amongst his fellow-prisoners, all pale with anxiety and fatigue, and breathless, with apprehension of the consequences in which his delay might have involved his benefactor. The first and second battalions of the Breadalbane Fencibles were discharged in 1799 along with the Grant, Gordon, Sutherland, Rothsay, Caithness, (1st battalion) Argyle, and Hopetoun Fencible regiments, whose services were limited to Scotland. The third battalion was sent to Ireland in 1795, and remained in that country until 1802, when it was disbanded. This regiment, which mustered at the call of the Countess of Sutherland, was embodied at Fort George. Colonel Wemyss, who had commanded the regiment of 1779, was appointed colonel, and the Honourable James Stuart, brother of Francis, Earl of Moray, lieutenant-colonel. The numerical strength of the corps was 1,084 men, with drummers and pipers. This contained a company from Ross-shire, commanded by Captain Robert, Macleod of Cadboll. The crew of the Dutch frigate mutinied and surrendered their vessel, \"Jason\", on 8 June 1796 at Greenock, Scotland. When \"Jason\" surrendered she had more than 200 men aboard, so a \"great party\" from the Sutherland Fencibles marched from Glasgow to Greenock to take possession of the frigate. The Royal Navy took \"Jason\" into service as . In 1797 the regiment extended its services to Ireland; but, with the exception of one skirmish, no opportunity offered for distinguishing itself in the field. The conduct of the Sutherland Fencibles, during the troubles, was most exemplary; and it was said of them, that \"their conduct and manners softened the horrors of war, and they were not a week in a fresh quarter, or cantonment, that they did not conciliate and become intimate with the people\". The regiment was disbanded in March 1799. It was from the disbanded ranks of this corps that the 93rd Regiment of Foot was principally formed. Charles, Duke of Gordon's commission as colonel of the Gordon Fencibles (1793–1799), was dated 3 March; and not long after this the regiment was raised and embodied at Aberdeen. The uniform was the full Highland garb. The Duke raised upwards of 300 men on his estates in Strathspey, Badenoch, and Lochaber, and about an equal number was recruited on the neighbouring estates. About 150 more were raised in the Lowlands of Aberdeen, Banff, and Elgin. In 1794 it was moved to England, having agreed to extend its service. The Gordon Highlanders were reviewed by George III in Hyde Park. The regiment was disbanded, along with the other Fencible regiments, in 1799. Letters of service for the Argyle Fencibles, dated 1 March, were issued to the George, Marquis of Lorne to raise this corps. It was shortly afterwards embodied at Stirling and after six years' service, was disbanded in 1799. Rothsay Caithness Fencibles were raised after letters of service were granted to Sir John Sinclair of Ulster, to raise a fencible regiment of Scottish Highlanders, whose services should extend to England. The regiment was accordingly formed, and as both officers and men were principally natives of Caithness, it was at first called the Caithness Fencibles; but the Prince of Wales having granted permission that Rothsay, his chief title in Scotland, should be added, the battalion was afterwards called the Rothsay and Caithness Fencibles. Another reason for this conjunction was, that the counties of Bute and Caithness then sent alternately a member to represent them in parliament. This regiment was assembled at Inverness in October, 1794, and embodied by Lieutenant-general Sir Hector Munro. The corps attracted particular notice from the majestic stature of the officers, nineteen of whom averaged in height. The uniform of the regiment was a bonnet and feathers, with a plaid thrown across the shoulders, and tartan pantaloons in imitation of the trews, surmounted with a stripe of yellow along the seams, a fringe of tartan on the outside of the thigh, and the same round the ankle. This battalion was disbanded in 1799. A second battalion was raised by Sir John Sinclair in 1795, and embodied by Major-General James Hamilton at Forfar, in the May of that year. The service of this regiment was extended to Ireland. This corps was more mixed than the first; only about 350 men from Caithness and Sutherland having entered the regiment. The establishment and uniform of the battalion was the same as the first. The regiment was soon after its formation moved to Ireland, where it remained several years. In 1799 the regiment was augmented to 1,000 effective men, under the",
"thrown across the shoulders, and tartan pantaloons in imitation of the trews, surmounted with a stripe of yellow along the seams, a fringe of tartan on the outside of the thigh, and the same round the ankle. This battalion was disbanded in 1799. A second battalion was raised by Sir John Sinclair in 1795, and embodied by Major-General James Hamilton at Forfar, in the May of that year. The service of this regiment was extended to Ireland. This corps was more mixed than the first; only about 350 men from Caithness and Sutherland having entered the regiment. The establishment and uniform of the battalion was the same as the first. The regiment was soon after its formation moved to Ireland, where it remained several years. In 1799 the regiment was augmented to 1,000 effective men, under the designation of the Caithness Highlanders, with officers in proportion. Of the exemplary conduct of the regiment, some idea may be formed from the following extract of an address presented to Lieutenant-colonel James Fraser of Culduthill, who commanded the regiment several years in Ireland, by a meeting of the magistrates of the county of Armagh, in the year 1798, the Lord Viscount Gosford, the governor, in the chair: In 1797 the regiment, with the exception of about 50 men, volunteered their services to any part of Europe. In the summer of 1800, 200 men volunteered into the 79th and 92nd regiments. As an ensign was to be appointed to every 50 men who should volunteer from the fencible regiments, four officers from the Caithness Highlanders obtained commissions in the 79th and 92nd of the line. The Caithness Fencibles returned to Scotland in 1802, and were disbanded the same year. The Dumbarton Fencibles was raised by Colonel Campbell of Stonefield, agreeably to orders, dated 11 October 1794, and was inspected and reported complete by Major-general Sir James Stewart, in the summer of the following year. Colonel Campbell was appointed its colonel. The regiment was first stationed in Guernsey, and in 1797 was moved to Ireland, being reduced to 500 the previous year. Murdoch Maclaine of Lochbuy, the lieutenant-colonel, was moved to the Argyle Fencibles, on the transference of the regiment to Ireland, and was succeeded by Lieutenant-colonel Scott. The Dumbarton Fencibles were actively employed during the Irish Rebellion. They were particularly noticed by Sir John Moore, who, after the rebellion was crushed, stationed them as a light infantry corps in the mountains under his own eye, and such was his confidence in them, that he selected a detachment of this regiment to guard 400 prisoners sent to Prussia, \"as the service required confidential and trust-worthy men\". The regiment returned to Scotland in 1802, and was disbanded the same year. Amongst other districts fixed on by government for raising Fencible corps at the commencement of the French Revolutionary Wars, that of \"Lord Reay's country\" (as that region was then called), the residence of the Clan Mackay, was selected. The chief of that clan, the then Hugh, Lord Reay, being, from mental imbecility, incapable of acting, Hugh Mackay Bailie of Rosehall, was appointed colonel, and the late George Mackay of Bighouse, lieutenant-colonel of the Reay Fencibles ordered to be raised. Notwithstanding the unfortunate state of their chief the clan came readily forward, and in a few weeks a body of 800 Highlanders, of whom 700 had the word \"Mac\" prefixed to their names, was assembled. In March 1795 the regiment was embodied by Sir Hector Munro at Fort George, whence it immediately proceeded to Ireland, where it soon acquired the confidence of Generals Lake and Nugent. The former was particularly attached to the Reay Fencibles, and, after the defeat of Castlebar, he frequently exclaimed, \"If I had had my brave and honest Reays there, this would not have happened\". The only opportunity they had of proving their firmness in the unhappy service in which they were engaged was at the battle of Tara Hill, on 26 May 1798, where, in conjunction with two troops of Lord Fingall's, some cavalry and foot from the Kells and Navan yeomanry, three companies of the Reays, under Captain Hector Maclean, an experienced officer, who had served 37 years in the 42nd, attacked a large body of rebels, and drove them from their strong and elevated position, with a loss of about 400 killed and wounded. In this affair the Reays had 26 men killed and wounded. The regiment, whose conduct was most exemplary, returned to Scotland in 1802, and was disbanded at Stirling the same year. In dismissing the regiment Major-General Baillie took the \"opportunity of expressing his highest approbation of the uniform good conduct of the regiment since it was embodied,\" reflecting \"with pride and satisfaction on the many opportunities that occurred to evince the loyalty, good discipline, distinguished gallantry, and persevering attention of all ranks, to the good of the service\". The Inverness-shire Fencibles were raised shortly after 21 November 1794 when letters of service were issued to Major Baillie of Duncan to raise a Fencible corps of 600 whose service should extend to the whole of Great Britain and Ireland. Major Gordon Cumming of Pitlurg was appointed to the permanent post of lieutenant-colonel by Colonel Baillie, who had that privilege conferred on him. The regiment was completed in October 1795, and was embodied at Inverness under the name of the Loyal Inverness Fencible Highlanders, though there were only about 350 Highlanders in the corps. The uniform was the full Highland garb, and it was observed that some young Welshmen (about 40), who had joined the ranks, were more partial to the plaid than the Lowlanders of Aberdeen and Perth. The regiment was immediately ordered to Ireland, and with such haste that the men were despatched without clothing or arms, of which, however, they received a supply at Glasgow on their route. The regiment was actively employed during the rebellion, and conducted themselves in that unfortunate service with as much forbearance as circumstances would permit. Colonel Baillie died in 1797, and was succeeded by Lieutenant-colonel Cumming Gordon. In compliment to the good behaviour of the corps its designation was changed, after the suppression of the rebellion, to the \"Duke of York's Royal Inverness-shire Highlanders\". The establishment of the regiment was increased, and in 1801 the whole corps offered to extend its service to any part of the world. In March 1802 the regiment was disbanded at Stirling. In consequence of the advanced age of Archibald Fraser the chief of the Clan Fraser, (youngest son of the last Lord Lovat, and brother General Simon Fraser(1726–1782)) James Fraser of Belladrum, who had served under his chief in Canada during the Seven Years' War, was appointed to raise this regiment. It was completed in the spring of 1795, and was inspected and embodied at Inverness on 14 June same year. 300 of the men bore the name of Fraser, chiefly from the Aird and Stratherrick. With the exception of 30 Scottish Lowlanders, and 18 English and Irish, who had formerly served in the army, the rest of the corps were from the countries in the neighbourhood of these districts. The regiment was ordered to Ireland, where it arrived on 1 August 1795. In November 1797, Simon Fraser, the younger of Lovat, was appointed colonel, in consequence of the resignation of Belladrum. The Fraser Fencibles at the battle of Castlebar, and had the other corps behaved like them on that occasion the result would have been different. They were the last to retreat. A Highland Fraser sentinel was desired by his friends \"to retreat with them, but he heroically refused to quit his post, which was elevated, with some little steps leading to it. He loaded and fired five times successively, and killed a Frenchman at every shot; but before he could charge a sixth time, they rushed on him, [and] beat out his brains\". During this trying service the Fraser Fencibles",
"of these districts. The regiment was ordered to Ireland, where it arrived on 1 August 1795. In November 1797, Simon Fraser, the younger of Lovat, was appointed colonel, in consequence of the resignation of Belladrum. The Fraser Fencibles at the battle of Castlebar, and had the other corps behaved like them on that occasion the result would have been different. They were the last to retreat. A Highland Fraser sentinel was desired by his friends \"to retreat with them, but he heroically refused to quit his post, which was elevated, with some little steps leading to it. He loaded and fired five times successively, and killed a Frenchman at every shot; but before he could charge a sixth time, they rushed on him, [and] beat out his brains\". During this trying service the Fraser Fencibles conducted themselves with great propriety. This regiment was disbanded at Glasgow in July 1802. The idea of raising the Glengarry Fencibles originated with the Rev. Alexander Macdonell, a Roman Catholic priest, who later became the first Roman Catholic Bishop of Kingston in Ontario Canada. Some Glengarry Highlanders who due to the clearance of their land had taken passage on ship leaving the Isle of Harris to emigrate to America, but the ship had been wrecked and had put into Greenock in 1792. The intended emigrants were forced to disembark, and were left in the port destitute. Alexander Macdonell involved himself in their affairs and persuaded Glasgow business men to employ them while he acted as the Highlanders priest and interpreter (for they were Catholics in a predominantly Protestant town and spoke Gaelic not Scottish English). For two years the business concerns in Glasgow for which Glengarry Highlanders worked continued to increase and prosper, but in the year 1794 trade received a sudden check, and the war with France almost put an end to the exportation of British manufactures to the Continent. The credit of the manufacturers was checked; their factories were almost at a standstill, and frequent bankruptcies ensued. The labouring classes were thrown out of employment, and amongst others the poor Highlanders. With little support from outside their immediate community, and totally ignorant of the English language, the latter became more helpless and destitute than any other group in Glasgow. At this crisis Alexander Macdonell conceived the plan of getting these unfortunate Highlanders embodied as a Catholic corps in the service of the government, with the then young chief Macdonell of Glengarry. Having assembled a meeting of the Catholics at Fort Augustus in February, 1794, a loyal address was drawn up to the king, offering to raise a Catholic corps under the command of the young chieftain, who, together with John Fletcher of Dunans, proceeded as a deputation to London with the address, which was most graciously received by King George III. Their former employers in Glasgow furnished them with the most ample and favourable testimonials of the good conduct of the Highlanders during the time they had been in their works, and strongly recommended that they should be employed in the service of their country. Letters of service were accordingly issued in August, 1794, to Alexander Macdonell of Glengarry, to raise the Glengarry Fencible regiment as a Catholic corps, and of which he was appointed the colonel. Though contrary to the then existing law, Alexander Macdonell was gazetted as chaplain to the regiment. The Glengarry Fencibles were a handsome body of men, and more than one-half were from the estate of Glengarry. Some of the Fencible regiments having refused to extend their services to England, and two of them (Breadalbane and Grant) having mutinied, in consequence of the attempt to induce them to march into England; the Glengarry Fencibles, by the persuasion of their chaplain, offered to extend their services to any part of Great Britain or Ireland, or even to the islands of Jersey and Guernsey. This offer was very acceptable to the government, as it formed a precedent to all Fencible corps raised after this period. The regiment was embodied in June, 1795, and was soon afterwards moved to Guernsey, where it remained until the summer of 1798. The Glengarry Fencibles volunteered to provide a garrison for the Îles Saint-Marcouf, which the Royal Navy occupied in July 1795. However, the French captured Captain Sidney Smith, who had captured the islands and was in charge of a coastal flotilla that operated from there, and his secretary John Wesley Wright. The idea of placing the Fencibles on the island then fell by the wayside. This would mean that the Fencibles lost the opportunity to participate in the battle of the Îles Saint-Marcouf, a lopsided victory in which the British repelled a French attempt to retake the islands. In the summer of 1798 the Glengarry Fencibles moved to Ireland. On landing at Balleback, they marched to Waterford, and thence to New Ross the same day. At Waterford an amusing incident occurred, which afforded no small surprise to some, and no slight ridicule to others, whilst, at the same time, it showed the simplicity of the Highlanders, and their naivety of the ways of the world. The soldiers who received billet-money on their entrance into the town, returned it upon their being ordered to march the same evening to New Ross, for the purpose of reinforcing General Johnson, who was surrounded, and in a manner besieged by the rebels. The Glengarry Fencibles were actively employed in this service, and so well pleased was Lord Cornwallis, the lord-lieutenant of Ireland, with the conduct of the corps, that he advised the government to augment the regiment; but this augmentation did not take place. The regiment returned to Scotland in 1802, and was disbanded along with the other Fencible corps. After their discharge, the Glengarry Highlanders were as destitute as ever. Their chaplain, struck with their forlorn condition, proceeded to London, and entered into a negotiation with the government, in the hope of procuring assistance to enable them to emigrate to Upper Canada (what is today southern Ontario). The ministry were opposed to the plan, but offered to settle the Highlanders in the island of Trinidad, then just ceded to the Crown of Great Britain. Alexander Macdonell, however, persevered in his design, and the Prime Minister, Henry Addington, procured for him an order with the sign-manual to the lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada, to grant two hundred acres of land to every one of the Highlanders who should arrive in the province. As soon as it was known that this order had been given by the colonial secretary, the Highland landlords took the alarm, as they considered that it would have the effect of enticing from the country their vassals and dependents. John Macpherson, Sir Archibald Macdonald, lord-chief baron of the exchequer in England, Charles Grant, one of the directors of the East India company, and M. P. for Inverness-shire, with the other gentlemen connected with the Highlands, and even Francis, Earl of Moira, then commander-in-chief in North Britain (then a fashionable designation for Scotland), endeavoured to dissuade the chaplain from his purpose, and promised to procure a pension for him if he would separate himself from the Highlanders; but neither their persuasions, nor those of the Prince of Wales, who was induced to interfere, and who offered a grant of waste lands to the intending emigrants in the county of Cornwall, could induce the chaplain to forgo his resolution. The greater part of the Glengarry Fencibles accordingly emigrated with their wives and families to Upper Canada, and settled in a district to which they gave the name of their native glen (now Glengarry County, Ontario); and to follow out the parallel, every head of a family named his plantation after the name of the farm he had possessed in Glengarry. During the War of 1812, they gave a proof that their allegiance to their allegiance to Britain not impaired in",
"and promised to procure a pension for him if he would separate himself from the Highlanders; but neither their persuasions, nor those of the Prince of Wales, who was induced to interfere, and who offered a grant of waste lands to the intending emigrants in the county of Cornwall, could induce the chaplain to forgo his resolution. The greater part of the Glengarry Fencibles accordingly emigrated with their wives and families to Upper Canada, and settled in a district to which they gave the name of their native glen (now Glengarry County, Ontario); and to follow out the parallel, every head of a family named his plantation after the name of the farm he had possessed in Glengarry. During the War of 1812, they gave a proof that their allegiance to their allegiance to Britain not impaired in their adopted country, by enrolling themselves along with other emigrants and the sons of emigrants, in a corps for the defence of the province, under their old designation of Glengarry Light Infantry Fencibles. The Caithness Legion was raised by Sir Benjamin Dunbar of Hempriggs. When embodied, it was moved to Ireland, returned from that country in 1802, and was disbanded the same year. The Perthshire Fencibles was raised by William Robertson of Lude, who was appointed its colonel. Though designated the Perthshire Fencibles, it contained but very few Highlanders. The Argyle fencibles was raised by Colonel Henry M. Clavering (a Major who transferred from the 98th Foot), to whom the command was given. Captain John Campbell who was on half-pay previously of the late independent companies was promoted to be Lieutenant-Colonel of the regiment. The regiment was moved to Ireland where it was stationed until its return to Scotland in 1802, when it was disbanded. The Ross-shire Fencibles was raised on 20 November 1794 by Major Colin Mackenzie of Mountgerald, who was appointed colonel. The regiment was small in point of numbers, and when disbanded, was as strong and efficient as when embodied, not one man having died during its service. It was disbanded in 1799. The Argyle Fencibles was raised on 15 June 1798 by Archibald Macneil of Colonsay, who was appointed colonel of the regiment. The name of Argyle, like that of the Perthshire Highlanders, was rather a misnomer, as very few Argyleshire men entered the regiment. The service of this regiment extending to any part of Europe, it was sent to Gibraltar in 1800, where it remained in garrison until the peace of Amiens (1802), when it was ordered home, and disbanded on 3 July 1802. In December, Colonel Alexander Macgregor Murray received instructions to raise a regiment of Highland Fencibles, of which he was appointed the colonel. He accordingly raised a body of 765 men, whose service was to extend to any part of Europe. In May, 1799, the men were assembled at Stirling and inspected by Lieutenant-general Sir Ralph Abercromby. In consequence of an arrangement similar to that made with other Fencible corps of this description, by which one of the field-officers was to have permanent and progressive army rank, Captain Alexander Macgregor Murray of the 90th Foot regiment, son of Colonel Macgregor Murray, was appointed major. In the event of any of the men entering the regular army, their services in the Clan-Alpine regiment were to be reckoned as if they had served from the first in the line. In the 1800, after the regiment had been moved to Ireland, orders were issued to augment it to 1,050. This increase was effected, notwithstanding the great and recent drains from the population, particularly of the Highlands. Shortly after this augmentation, two detachments entered the regular army, and it therefore became necessary to recruit again. Of 1,230 men who entered the regiment from first to last, about 780 were Highlanders, 30 English and Irish, and the remainder Scottish Lowlanders. The regiment returned from Ireland in 1802, and was disbanded on 24 July at Stirling. The influence which the family of Lochiel possessed in the Highlands was not extinguished by the exile of \"Gentle Lochie\", the chief of the clan Cameron, from his native country for his part in The 'Forty-Five', as was fully evinced when the estates of the family of Lochiel were restored to Donald Cameron of Lochiel, the 22nd clan chief. In consequence of the strong attachment which his clan still retained for the family, he was appointed colonel of a Fencible corps to be raised in Scotland, with the designation of the Lochaber Fencible Highlanders. The clan, and indeed all Lochaber, immediately responded to the call of the chief, and in a very short time upwards of 560 Highlanders were enrolled. The number of recruits was increased to 800 by the exertions of officers in other parts of the country, and the whole were assembled at Falkirk in May, 1799. As some of the Highlanders afterwards volunteered into regiments of the line, others were raised to supply the vacancies thus occasioned, so that the total number of Highlanders who entered the Lochaber Fencibles, was 1,740. In 1800 the regiment was moved to Ireland; but its military duty was short. It returned to Scotland in 1802, and was disbanded at Linlithgow in the month of July of that year. The Regiment of the Isles was raised by Sir Alexander, Lord Macdonald on his estates in the isles, having, on his own application, obtained permission from George III for that purpose. It was embodied at Inverness on 4 June 1799 by Major-general Leith Hay. This was an excellent body of young men, their average age being twenty-two years, \"a period of life the best calculated to enter upon military service; not too young to suffer from, or incapable of supporting the hardships and fatigues peculiar to the profession; nor too old to admit of the mental and personal habits of the soldier being moulded to the moral and military restraints which the profession renders necessary\". The regiment was moved to England, where it was employed to put down a strike amongst the seamen of Whitehaven, to raise their wages, by preventing the vessels from leaving the harbour. No force, however, was necessary, as the sailors had a salutary dread of the Highlanders; and the officers of the MacDonald Fencibles, persuaded the seamen to end their strike, and to return to their ships. In 1802 the regiment was marched to Fort George, and disbanded. The Ross and Cromarty Rangers, was embodied in June 1799 and commanded by Colonel Lewis Mackenzie, younger of Scatwell. Though the terms of its service were to extend to Europe, it remained in Scotland. In the year 1801 there was an unfortunate incident that involved this regiment when celebrations of King George III's birthday got out of control. On the evening of the King's birthday, a crowd of people, principally young men, collected in the main street of Aberdeen, which coincidentally was the regiment's guardhouse. The young men commenced their usual pastimes of throwing squibs, firecrackers, dead cats, etc. In their high spirits they assaulted the guard when it was called out of the guardhouse to protect the property. Soldiers from the barracks, without order, rushed to help the guard as they feared that their comrades would be overpowered and murdered. Shortly after the soldiers arrived officers joined them. Someone gave the order \"fire\" and two of the mob were killed, and others wounded. No magistrate had arrived to read the riot act so the killings were unlawful. There was a formal investigation, but as no one could identify who had given the order, two officers, two sergeants, and some privates were tried in the Court of Judiciary in Edinburgh. No one was found guilty for the killings, and the matter was dropped. The regiment was disbanded shortly after the peace of 1802. Mackeod Fencibles was the last fencible regiment raised in the Highlands. It was inspected and embodied at Elgin by Major-General Leith Hay, in the month of June, under the designation of the Princess Charlotte of Wales's, or Macleod",
"be overpowered and murdered. Shortly after the soldiers arrived officers joined them. Someone gave the order \"fire\" and two of the mob were killed, and others wounded. No magistrate had arrived to read the riot act so the killings were unlawful. There was a formal investigation, but as no one could identify who had given the order, two officers, two sergeants, and some privates were tried in the Court of Judiciary in Edinburgh. No one was found guilty for the killings, and the matter was dropped. The regiment was disbanded shortly after the peace of 1802. Mackeod Fencibles was the last fencible regiment raised in the Highlands. It was inspected and embodied at Elgin by Major-General Leith Hay, in the month of June, under the designation of the Princess Charlotte of Wales's, or Macleod Highlanders. The command of the corps was given to John Macleod of Colbecks. The regiment was immediately sent to Ireland, where it remained until 1802, when, having embarked for England, it was disbanded at Tynemouth barracks in the month of June. There were in total 26 battalions in the Highland Fencible Corps. The only military action in which the Highland Fencibles were engaged was in the Irish Rebellion of 1798. During the rebellion some regiments performed well, while others did not. The limited nature of service in the Highland Fencibles was in some respects a disadvantage; but perhaps this limitation, and the certainty of not being exposed to dangers from climate, the sea, or the enemy, induced many to enlist who would have hesitated if these risks had been the immediate consequences of their becoming soldiers. However the Highland Fencibles furnished a most excellent and seasonable nursery of men for regiments of the line. The 72nd Foot regiment was in a few months filled up from 200 to 800 men by fencible volunteers. Upwards of 350 men volunteered from the Clan Alpines into different regiments; 200 men of the Caithness Highlanders joined the 79th Foot and 92nd Foot; and so of the others. Contemporary commentators such as David Stewart considered it a matter of regret, that during that most trying period of the French Revolutionary Wars, so many efficient regiments were so fettered by their terms of engagement, that they could not be employed on those important occasions where they would have formed a very seasonable aid, and where their military qualities could have been exerted to the utmost advantage. For officers, the fencible, like the militia regiments, presented both advantages and disadvantages. For many young men those formations formed a kind of stepping-stone to get into the regular army. Others, again, who passed too many years in them, gained no rank, spent their daily pay, and acquired little professional knowledge, beyond the parade and drill exercise; and when, at the end of six, eight, or ten years, they thought of looking out for some permanent means of subsistence, or some military commission that might secure them rank and a future provision, they found themselves to have no more seniority than the first day they entered the service. Highland Fencible Corps The plan of raising a fencible corps in the Highlands was first proposed and carried into effect by William Pitt the Elder, (afterwards Earl of Chatham) in the year 1759. During the three preceding years both the fleets and armies of Great Britain had suffered reverses, and it was thought"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Pågen Pågen is a Swedish bakery company founded in 1878 by Anders and Matilda Påhlsson. The company started off as a little bakery in Malmö in the southern province of Scania. Their bakeries are run by around 1350 employees, and are located in Malmö and Gothenburg. Their products include various types of bread, pastries and cookies. With key export markets in France, Great Britain and Belgium, Pågen is currently one of Sweden's leading food exporters with an annual turnover of around 220 million Euros. \"Pågen\" is the definite form of the word \"påg\", meaning \"boy\" in the Scanian dialect. Pågen marketed the cookies 'Tosca Pågar' as 'Florentine Pogens' in the United States until 1992, and Frank Zappa wrote a song called 'Florentine Pogen', with the opening line \"She was the daughter of a wealthy Florentine Pogen\", which was released on the album One Size Fits All. Pågen Pågen is a Swedish bakery company founded in 1878 by Anders and Matilda Påhlsson. The company started off as a little bakery in Malmö in the southern province of Scania. Their bakeries are run by around 1350 employees, and are located in Malmö and Gothenburg. Their products include various types of bread, pastries"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"2007 Masters (snooker) The 2007 SAGA Insurance Masters was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place from 14 to 21 January 2007 at the Wembley Arena in London, England. It was the 33rd edition of the tournament. In a slight change for 2007, there were 19 competitors, as opposed to 18 up until 2006. The top 16 seeds for ranking events were automatically invited, while the other players entered a qualifying tournament for the right to one of three wild-card places. The two remaining places were granted by the game's governing body at their discretion to Jimmy White and Ding Junhui. Stuart Bingham won the qualifying tournament. Ronnie O'Sullivan won his 3rd Masters title by defeating Ding Junhui 10–3 in the final. With a noticeably partisan crowd, a visibly upset Ding went to shake O'Sullivan's hand after the latter won the 12th frame to go 9–3 in front, apparently believing that the match was over. The two walked arm-in-arm out of the arena. After O'Sullivan clinched the match in the following frame, it later transpired that Ding had indeed believed the match was best-of-17 frames. Defending champion John Higgins was the number 1 seed with World Champion Graeme Dott seeded 2. Places were allocated to the top 16 players in the world rankings. Players seeded 14, 15 and 16 played in the wild-card round against the winner of the qualifying event, Stuart Bingham (ranked 24), and two wild-card selections, Ding Junhui (ranked 27) and Jimmy White (ranked 34). This was the only time that there were three matches in the wild-card round. Barry Hawkins was making his debut in the Masters. The breakdown of prize money for this year is shown below: In the preliminary \"wild-card round\", the three wild-card players were drawn against the players seeded 14th, 15th and 16th: During the course of his match against Anthony Hamilton, Ding Junhui became the 28th and youngest ever player to score a maximum 147 break on live television. Aged , he broke the previous record set by Ronnie O'Sullivan in 1997 who was then old. This was also just the second maximum in the history of the Masters. The 2006 Masters Qualifying Event were held between 4 and 9 November 2006 at the English Institute of Sport in Sheffield, England. The winner of this series of matches, who qualified for the tournament, was Stuart Bingham. Total: 26 2007 Masters"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Ian Stringfellow Ian Robert Stringfellow (born 8 May 1969 in Nottingham) is an English former professional football player. He played as a midfielder, and is the nephew of former Mansfield Town and Leicester City winger Mike Stringfellow. Stringfellow began his career with Mansfield Town in 1985. He remained with the Stags for nine years, making 163 league appearances and scoring 28 goals. In January 1992 he joined Billy Ayre's Blackpool on loan. In his three games for the Seasiders he scored one goal, in a 2-2 draw with Brighton & Hove Albion at Bloomfield Road on 19 September 1992, with Trevor Sinclair scoring the hosts' other goal. He also went on loan to Chesterfield the following season, before being signed permanently by Kettering Town for £5,000 in 1994. After a year at Kettering he joined Dagenham & Redbridge at the start of the 1995–96 season. He signed for King's Lynn and was their top goalscorer in 1996–97. He joined Boston United in October 1998. Although he left the club in September 1999 due to travelling and work committments and signed for Cambridge City, he returned to Boston in March 2000. However, he was released by the club in May 2000. He then joined Wisbech Town as player-manager. However, he was sacked on 19 November 2000, after a 7-0 defeat at Rothwell Town. He subsequently signed for Bury Town in December 2000. He became the club's top scorer, but retired due to injury in 2003. Ian Stringfellow Ian Robert Stringfellow (born 8 May 1969 in Nottingham) is an English former professional football player. He played as a midfielder, and is the nephew of former Mansfield Town and Leicester City winger Mike Stringfellow. Stringfellow began his career with Mansfield Town in 1985. He remained with the Stags for nine years, making 163"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Khwaja Shahabuddin Khwaja Shahabuddin (31 May 1898 – 9 February 1977) was a Bengali minister in the Government of Pakistan and member of the Dhaka Nawab family. He is also the younger brother of Pakistani Governor-General Sir Khwaja Nazimuddin and the father of Bangladeshi Lieutenant-General Khwaja Wasiuddin Khwaja Shahabuddin was born on 31 May 1898. His father was Khwaja Nizamuddin, who was a zamindar. He served as the municipality commissioner of Dhaka from 1918 to 1921. In 1921 he joined the Dhaka district board. He became the chairman of the board in 1923 to 1924. From 1928 to 1944 he was the president of Dhaka district Muslim League. In 1936 he was member of the executive council of the Governor of Bengal Presidency. From 1930 to 1938 he was the treasurer at theUniversity of Dhaka. He was elected to the Bengal legislative assembly from Narayanganj in 1937. He was the Chief Whip in the A K Fazlul Haq government in Bengal from 1937 to 1941. He was the Minister of Commerce, Labour and Industry in Khwaja Nazimuddin’s government from 1943 to 1945. Shahabuddin was also involved in the movement for the creation of Pakistan. In 1947 he became the Chief whip in National Assembly of Pakistan. In 1948, he became the Minister of Home Affairs, Information and Broadcasting in the cabinet of Liaquat Ali Khan. In 1951, he was appointed Governor of the North West Frontier Province. He also the Ambassador of Pakistan to Saudi Arabia and Yemen in 1954, Egypt in 1958, Nigeria, Cameroon, Senegal, Togo and Sierra Leone from 1961 to 1964. He served as the Minister of Information and Broadcasting from 1965 to 1969 under the administration of Ayub Khan. He died on 9 February 1977 in Karachi, Pakistan. Khwaja Shahabuddin Khwaja Shahabuddin (31 May 1898 –"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Montmerle Charterhouse Montmerle Charterhouse (, ) is a former charterhouse, or Carthusian monastery, located in Lescheroux, in the arrondissement of Bourg-en-Bresse and the canton of Saint-Trivier-de-Courtes, in the department of Ain, France. The first monastery established here was a Benedictine priory, founded in 1070 by Hugh d'Asnières des Bois. It was subordinate to Seillon Priory, and both were later subordinate to Joug-Dieu Abbey. Hugh of Colemi (\"Hugo Coloniacum\") in the Kingdom of Jerusalem granted lands to found a grange here exempt from feudal duties, in 1202. Like Seillon, Montmerle became a Carthusian community in 1210, following a bull issued by Pope Innocent III, the 36th Carthusian foundation. Montmerle Charterhouse was dissolved in 1792 during the French Revolution, when some of its paintings, including a number by Nicolas-Guy Brenet, were moved to the parish church of Pont-de-Vaux. The monastery is in ruins, except for the main entrance and the mill. Montmerle Charterhouse Montmerle Charterhouse (, ) is a former charterhouse, or Carthusian monastery, located in Lescheroux, in the arrondissement of Bourg-en-Bresse and the canton of Saint-Trivier-de-Courtes, in the department of Ain, France. The first monastery established here was a Benedictine priory, founded in 1070 by Hugh d'Asnières des Bois. It was"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Kenya Technical Trainers' College Kenya Technical Trainers' College is a Government Institution under TVET (Technical and Vocational Education and Training). The College is currently located in the Gigiri area of Nairobi along Limuru Road, next to the United Nations Office at Nairobi. There is a controversial proposal by the Government of Kenya to relocate the college to the Kenya Science Campus of University of Nairobi along Ngong road. The reasons advanced for the relocation have varied from offering the 62 acres of land the college sits on to United Nations Office at Nairobi for expansion, to security concerns due to close proximity to the Embassy of the United States, Nairobi. The students body is under one umbrella of Students of Kenya Technical Trainers' College Organisation (SKETTCO). which is led by John Koech, the skettco finance minister who was elected in the year 2017 and was re elected 2018 to serve student. Kenya Technical Trainers' College Kenya Technical Trainers' College is a Government Institution under TVET (Technical and Vocational Education and Training). The College is currently located in the Gigiri area of Nairobi along Limuru Road, next to the United Nations Office at Nairobi. There is a controversial proposal by the"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Fatmire Alushi Fatmire \"Lira\" Alushi (née Bajramaj; born 1 April 1988), is a German retired footballer. She played as an attacking midfielder. She placed third in 2010 FIFA Ballon d'Or competition, an annual award given to the world's best player. Alushi began her career at DJK/VfL Giesenkirchen. From 1997 to 2004 she played for FSC Mönchengladbach, before moving to the Bundesliga side and joining FCR 2001 Duisburg. She made her Bundesliga debut in September 2004 for the club and scored her first goal one month later. Alushi immediately became a regular starter for Duisburg. She was runner-up with Duisburg for four seasons in a row from 2005 to 2008. During the 2008–09 season, Alushi won the UEFA Women's Champions League. She also claimed the 2009 German Cup title, where she scored in the final. After five seasons at Duisburg, Alushi moved to league rivals 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam for the 2009–10 season. At her new club, she won the Bundesliga title in 2010 and 2011. In the 2009–10 season, Potsdam also claimed the inaugural UEFA Women's Champions League title, with Bajramaj scoring during the penalty shoot-out in the final. One year later, Potsdam again made it to the final, but lost against Olympique Lyonnais. Alushi came in third place for the 2010 FIFA Ballon d'Or award. She has announced to move to 1. FFC Frankfurt for the 2011–12 season. The transfer is the most expensive in women's Bundesliga history. In 2014, she transferred to Paris. Alushi made her debut for Germany’s senior national team in October 2005 against Scotland. One year later, she won 2006 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship at junior level. At the 2006 FIFA U-20 Women's World Championship, the German team was eliminated in the quarter-finals. Alushi started in all four of the team's matches and scored three goals during the tournament. She won her first major international title at the 2007 FIFA Women’s World Cup. She was a reserve player for Germany, appearing in four games, including the tournament's final, in which she won the corner that let to Germany's second goal. One year later, Alushi claimed bronze with Germany at the 2008 Summer Olympics. She was brought on after 62 minutes in the third-place play-off and scored both goals in Germany's 2–0 win over Japan. In 2009, Alushi won her first European trophy at the 2009 European Championship, where Germany claimed its seventh title. She was also called up for Germany's 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup squad. \"Scores and results list Germany's goal tally first:\" Source: She announced her retirement on 28 February 2017. Alushi's parents Ismet and Ganimete, who are Kosovar-Albanians, moved their family from Istog, Kosovo to Germany in 1993. In October 2009, she published her autobiography \"Mein Tor ins Leben – Vom Flüchtling zur Weltmeisterin\" (My Gate [wordplay: German \"Tor\" translates to both \"Goal\"/\"Gate\"] into Life – From Refugee to World Champion). In June 2011 she began dating fellow footballer Enis Alushi. Both their fathers are working together as police officers in Kosovo. The couple announced their engagement the following year. Shortly after, in September 2012 both suffered anterior cruciate ligament injuries in matches within 72 hours of each other. The couple got married in December 2013. Following the 2015 UEFA Women's Champions League Final, she announced that she was pregnant and would be forced to miss the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup in Canada. She stated that she expected to get back to the pitch eventually but that \"there are things in life that are simply more important than football\". Fatmire Alushi Fatmire \"Lira\" Alushi (née Bajramaj; born 1 April 1988), is"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"John Everett-Heath John Everett-Heath is a British author, former civil servant, and a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. Everett-Heath was a military diplomat in Belgrade and, during his 13 years in the civil service, was concerned with Russia, Central Asia, and the Caucasus. He has lived in Cameroun, Cyprus, Italy, Kenya, Malaysia, Oman, United States, and Yemen. His publications include the Oxford University Press's Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names, and \"Place names of the world: historical context, meanings and changes\" in which he shares his view that: \"Place names are a window onto the history and characteristics of a country\" In 2007 Oxford University Press (OUP) was forced to suspend sale of, and pulp the remaining copies of, The Concise Dictionary, following complaints by local historians that comments made about Bangalore were wrong. The secretary to Karnataka's government department of Kannada and culture, I M Vittal Murthy, was quoted \"We cannot tolerate the scant respect for Karnataka's history. We had written a letter ...asking them ...to withdraw the copies carrying wrong information,\" John Everett-Heath John Everett-Heath is a British author, former civil servant, and a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. Everett-Heath was a military diplomat in Belgrade and,"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Basilica of Sant'Eufemia, Grado The Basilica of Sant'Eufemia () is a minor basilica in Grado, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy, formerly a cathedral. It is dedicated to Saint Euphemia. The present basilica stands on a fourth century basilica, of which not much is known. Although some features are still visible. The present basilica was ordered to be built by Elijah, the Archbishop of Aquileia, some time in the sixth century, during his retreat from the invasion of the Lombards. After which Elijah proclaimed himself patriarch and dedicated the church to Saint Euphemia. During the sixth through early seventh century the basilica was the seat of the pro-Roman and pro-Byzantine branch of the church until the formation of the patriarchate of Grado. Due to the suppression of the Grado patriarchate by the Venetians it lost the title of cathedral in 1451, but shortly after in 1455 the bell tower was built, possibly to compensate for this. Alterations to the church were made in the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries, although these were partly removed in twentieth century restorations. Much of the fame of the basilica comes from the incredibly well preserved sixth century floor mosaics that decorate the basilica, as it is extremely rare to find the original floor mosaics preserved in an early Christian basilica. Features from the fourth century basilica are visible in the nave, including a visible fragment of its floor mosaics and a Corinthian capital. The bell tower is topped with a cast copper weathervane statue of Archangel Michael, which has become a symbol of the city. The apse is decorated with a thirteenth century Gothic fresco of Christ enthroned. On the left side of the central nave stands a tall hexagonal pulpit, which is adorned with thirteenth century sculptured decorations. Next to the basilica complex is an octagonal baptistery which is also adorned with sixth century floor mosaics and contains a large marble dipping basin. 2. http://www.grado.info/en/the-patriarchal-basilica-of-saint-euphemia/ retrieved February 24, 2016 Basilica of Sant'Eufemia, Grado The Basilica of Sant'Eufemia () is a minor basilica in Grado, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy, formerly a cathedral. It is dedicated to Saint Euphemia. The present basilica stands on a fourth century basilica, of which not much is known. Although some features are still visible. The present basilica was ordered to be built by Elijah, the Archbishop of Aquileia, some time in the sixth century, during his retreat from the invasion of the Lombards. After"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Ted Roop Ted Roop (born March 31, 1977) is a Canadian radio and media personality most notable for the \"Roop, Wix and Meg In The Morning\" which since March 3, 2008 has been broadcasting on \"104.1 The Dock (CICZ-FM)\". Not only is Ted one of the hosts of the morning show on The DOCK CICZ-FM, he is also Director of Programming for the parent company of the Dock, Larche Communications. Larche Communications has a total of 4 broadcasting licenses. Ted lives with his wife and 2 children in Orillia, Ontario. Ted was a performer from a very young age. At 8 years old he officially started in front the camera and microphone. Ted starred in more than 30 television and Radio commercials. Ted was in commercials for products such as Pizza Hut, Wrangler Jeans, McCain French Fries and More. Ted also voiced several radio commercials for companies such as Esso and Big Brothers. He also enjoyed working in several movies, including \"The Last Season\", \"Night Friend\" and an episode of the television series \"Friday The 13th\". Ted's family moved from the west end of Toronto to the Waterdown area when he just beginning high school. He spent his 'formative years' at Waterdown District High School. It was through a high school co-operative education program that he found his passion for Radio. Ted had a placement at the Mohawk College Radio Station CIOI-FM in his 4th year of high school. It was then he found his true passion. After graduating High School, Ted started the 2 year Radio Broadcasting program at Fanshawe College in the fall of 1996. Ted graduated from the program in the spring of 2008 and started working for a company called BEA-VER Communications, on CKSY FM95 CKSY-FM on March 2, 1998. Ted started as the Swing Announcer at CKSY-FM and enjoyed the Adult Contemporary format, but knew it was not where he was destined to be. At the time, BEA-VER Communications owned and operated CKSY-FM and CFCO, its AM Oldies sister station, from their Chatham, Kent studios, but had an application in to the CRTC for a 3rd FM station. Ted believed if he stayed at Bea-Ver Communications there would be a good chance that he could land a regular weekday shift on the new station. Bea-Ver eventually was awarded a 3rd license and opened CKUE-FM in November of '99. Ted started as the Afternoon Drive host and ended up moving to the morning show in January 2001. In June 2002, Ted applied and was hired to work as the Afternoon Drive host in Midland, Ontario on CICZ-FM. At the time, CICZ-FM was a Country music station, KICX 104 FM. In 2004 Larche Communications opened CIKZ-FM in Kitchener—Waterloo. At that time, the KICX 104 FM Program Director was moved to CIKZ-FM to launch the station. It was then that Ted was moved to the Morning Show and given the P.D. title. Ted remained Morning Show host/Program Director on KICX 104 FM until March 2008. During his time in that position, Ted was named the Canadian Country Music Association's Music Director Of The Year in 2007 and won the Canadian Country Music Association's Personality Of The Year Award in 2006 and 2007 with his co-host Carey Moran. In March 2008, Larche Communications moved its country format to its newly acquired Orillia frequency at CICX-FM, and launched a brand new Classic Rock station on CICZ-FM, now known as 104.1 THE DOCK. After a very tough decision, Ted made the move from Country, saying goodbye to his longtime co-host Carey Moran, to Classic Rock and stayed on the 104.1 frequency to launch a brand new morning show with Meg Whitton and Brian Wicks. Both Meg and Brian had moved to Midland and decided to stay with Larche Communications after the sale of CIKZ. Shortly after the launch of the Dock, Ted was named Director of Programming for Larche Communications. Ted now oversees the programming, with the help of his KICX PD's Jack Latimer & Trinette Atkinson, DOCK Midland APD Josh Duncan, on CICZ-FM, CICX-FM, CICS-FM and Don Vail at CJOS-FM in Owen Sound. Ted is also the host of a weekly, 1 hour country music spotlight program called Canadian Country Spotlight. Canadian Country Spotlight focuses and highlights Canadian Country talent. It's played weekly on Country Music radio stations all across Canada. The show launched on Labour Day Weekend 2011. The show has featured Jason McCoy, George Canyon, Gord Bamford, Paul Brandt and many other Canadian Country stars. Ted Roop Ted Roop (born March 31, 1977) is a Canadian radio and media personality most notable for the \"Roop, Wix and Meg In The Morning\" which since March 3, 2008 has been broadcasting on \"104.1 The Dock (CICZ-FM)\". Not only is Ted one of the hosts of the morning show on The"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Epidemiology of herpes simplex The epidemiology of herpes simplex is of substantial epidemiologic and public health interest. Worldwide, the rate of infection with herpes simplex virus—counting both HSV-1 and HSV-2—is around 90%. Although many people infected with HSV develop labial or genital lesions (herpes simplex), the majority are either undiagnosed or display no physical symptoms—individuals with no symptoms are described as asymptomatic or as having subclinical herpes. In many infections, the first symptom a person will have of their own infection is the horizontal transmission to a sexual partner or the vertical transmission of neonatal herpes to a newborn at term. Since most asymptomatic individuals are unaware of their infection, they are considered at high risk for spreading HSV. Many studies have been performed around the world to estimate the numbers of individuals infected with HSV-1 and HSV-2 by determining if they have developed antibodies against either viral species. This information provides population prevalence of HSV viral infections in individuals with or without active disease. It has to be remembered that there are population subgroups that are more vulnerable for HSV infections, such as cancer chemotherapy patients. Large differences in HSV-1 seroprevalence are seen in different European countries. HSV-1 seroprevalence is high in Bulgaria (83.9%) and The Czech Republic (80.6%), and lower in Belgium (67.4%), The Netherlands (56.7%), and Finland (52.4%). The typical age at which HSV-1 infection is acquired ranges from 5 to 9 years in Central and Eastern European countries like Bulgaria and the Czech Republic, to over 25 years of age in Northern European countries such as Finland, The Netherlands, Germany, and England and Wales. Young adults in Northern European countries are less likely to be infected with HSV-1. European women are more likely to be HSV-1 seropositive than men. HSV-2 seropositivity is widely distributed in Europeans older than 12, although there are large differences in the percentage of the population exposed to HSV-2. Bulgaria has a high (23.9%) HSV-2 seroprevalence relative to other European countries: Germany (13.9%), Finland (13.4%), Belgium (11.1%), The Netherlands (8.8%), the Czech Republic (6.0%), and England and Wales (4.2%). Women are more likely to be seropositive than men, and likely acquire the virus at an earlier age. In each country of Europe, HSV-2 seropositivity becomes more common from adolescence onwards and increases in the population with age, with a decline in the older age groups in some countries. The most recent data for HSV-2 was published in March 2010, based on a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey study performed between 2005 and 2013 by CDC. About 1 in 6 Americans (16.2%) aged 14 to 49 is infected with HSV-2. HSV-2 prevalence was nearly twice as high among women (20.9%) than men (11.5%), and was more than three times higher among blacks (39.2%) than non-Hispanic whites (12.3%). The most affected group was black women, with a prevalence rate of 48%. Prevalence increased with age and number of partners. Only 18.9% of those infected had previously been aware of their infection. African Americans and immigrants from developing countries typically have an HSV-1 seroprevalance in their adolescent population that is two or three times higher than that of Caucasian Americans. Many white Americans become sexually active while seronegative for HSV-1. The absence of antibodies from a prior oral HSV-1 infection leaves these individuals susceptible to herpes whitlow, herpes gladiatorium, and HSV-1 genital infection. Primary genital infection brings with it the risk of vertical transmission to the neonate, and is highest if the mother contracts a primary infection during the third trimester of pregnancy. In the U.S. the number of genital infections caused by HSV-1 is now thought to be about 50% of first episodes of genital infection. In healthy adults, HSV-2 infection occurs more frequently in the United States than in Europe. Seroprevalence rates in the United States appeared to be increasing, rising from 16.4% in 1976 to 21.8% in 1994. However, this trend seems to have reversed itself in recent years, dropping to 17.2% in 2004. The current prevalence of genital herpes caused by HSV-2 in the U.S. is roughly one in four or five adults, with approximately 50 million people infected with genital herpes and an estimated 0.5 million new genital herpes infections occurring each year. African Americans appear more susceptible to HSV-2, although the presence of active genital symptoms is more likely in Caucasian Americans. The largest increase in HSV-2 acquisition during the past few years is in white adolescents. People with many lifetime sexual partners and those who are sexually active from a young age are also at higher-risk for the transmission of HSV-2 in the U.S. Women are at higher risk than men for acquiring HSV-2 infection, and the chance of being infected increases with age. The CDC reports that 48% of African American women in the United States are infected with the HSV-2 virus. According to a study in Ontario, of people between the ages of 15 to 16, 26.9% of men, 32% of non-pregnant women, and 55% of pregnant women tested positive for HSV-1 antibodies. Between the ages of 40 to 44, 54.7% of men, 88.7% of women, and 69.2% of pregnant women tested positive for HSV-1 antibodies. The overall age-gender standardized seroprevelance for HSV-1 antibodies was 51.1%. Teenagers are less likely to be seropositive for HSV-2—antibodies against this virus are only found in 0–3.8% of 15- and 16-year-olds. However, 21% of individuals in their early forties have antibodies against HSV-2, reflecting the sexually transmitted nature of this virus. When standardising for age, HSV-2 seroprevalence in Ontario for individuals between the ages of 15 to 44 was 9.1%. Rates for Canadian people infected with HSV-2 is much lower than estimated levels of HSV-2 seroprevalence in people of a similar age range in the United States. HSV-2 seroprevalence in pregnant women between the ages of 15–44 in British Columbia is similar, with 57% having antibodies for HSV-1 and 13% having antibodies for HSV-2. In British Columbia in 1999, the seroprevalence of HSV-2 antibody in leftover serum submitted for antenatal testing revealed a prevalence of 17.3%, ranging from 7.1% in women 15–19 years old to 28.2% in those 40–44 years. • In attendees at an Alberta sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic in 1994 and 1995, the seroprevalence of HSV-1 and -2 in leftover sera was 56% and 19%, respectively. In Nova Scotia, 58.1% of 1,790 HSV isolates from genital lesion cultures in women were HSV-1; in men, 36.7% of 468 isolates were HSV-1 HSV-2 is more common in Sub-Saharan Africa than in Europe or the North America. Up to 82% of women and 53% of men in Sub-Saharan Africa are seropositive for HSV-2. These are the highest levels of HSV-2 infection in the world, although exact levels vary from country to country in this continent. In most African countries, HSV-2 prevalence increases with age. However, age-associated decreases in HSV-2 seroprevalence has been observed for women in Uganda and Zambia, and in men in Ethiopia, Benin, and Uganda. Genital herpes appears less common in Northern Africa compared to Sub-Saharan Africa. For example, only 26% of middle-aged women have antibodies for HSV-2 in Morocco. Women are more likely to be infected with HSV-2 once they are over the age of 40. Children in Egypt with acute lymphoblastic leukemia are often infected with HSV from a young age—HSV-1 or HSV-2 antibodies are present in an estimated 54% of children under the age of 5, and 77% in children over 10 years of age. Algerian children are also likely to acquire HSV-1 infection at a young age (under 6) and 81.25% of the population has antibodies to HSV-1 by the age of 15. Relative to rates in Europe and North America, HSV-2",
"seroprevalence has been observed for women in Uganda and Zambia, and in men in Ethiopia, Benin, and Uganda. Genital herpes appears less common in Northern Africa compared to Sub-Saharan Africa. For example, only 26% of middle-aged women have antibodies for HSV-2 in Morocco. Women are more likely to be infected with HSV-2 once they are over the age of 40. Children in Egypt with acute lymphoblastic leukemia are often infected with HSV from a young age—HSV-1 or HSV-2 antibodies are present in an estimated 54% of children under the age of 5, and 77% in children over 10 years of age. Algerian children are also likely to acquire HSV-1 infection at a young age (under 6) and 81.25% of the population has antibodies to HSV-1 by the age of 15. Relative to rates in Europe and North America, HSV-2 seroprevalency is high in Central and South America. Infection levels are estimated at 20% to 60%. During the mid-1980s, HSV-2 prevalence was 33% in 25- to 29-year-old women and 45% in those aged 40 and over in Costa Rica. In the early 1990s HSV-2 prevalence was approximately 45% among women over 60 in Mexico. The highest HSV-2 prevalence in Central or South America—60%—has been found in Colombian middle-aged women, although similar HSV-2 prevalence has been observed in younger women in Haiti (54%). HSV-2 infects about 30% of women over 30 years old in Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Panama. HSV-2 antibodies were found in more than 41% of women of childbearing age in Brazil. However, no increase in seroprevalence was associated with age in women over 40 years old in Brazil—HSV-2 prevalence was estimated at 50% among women aged 40–49, 33% among women 50–59, and 42% among women over 60. Women in Brazil are more likely to acquire an HSV-2 infection if their male partners had history of anal sex and had many sexual partners in his lifetime. In Peru, HSV-2 prevalence is also high among women in their 30s but is lower in men. HSV-1 seroprevalence in some Asian countries is low, relative to other countries worldwide, with only 51% women in Thailand, and between 50–60% in Japan possessing antibodies. HSV-2 seroprevalence in developing Asian countries is comparable (10–30%) to that observed in North America and Northern Europe. However, estimates of HSV-2 infectivity in Thailand are higher than observed in other Eastern Asian countries; total HSV-2 seroprevalence is approximately 37% in this country. HSV-2 seroprevalence is low in women in the Philippines (9%), although commencing activity while young is associated with an increase risk of acquiring HSV-2 infection; woman starting sexual activity by the time they reach 17 are seven times more likely to be HSV-2 seropositive than those starting sexual activity when over 21. In South Korea, incidence of HSV-2 infection in those under the age of 20 is low, only 2.7% in men and 3.0% in women. Seroprevalence levels increase in older South Koreans however, such that the population over 20 that has antibodies against HSV-2 is 21.7% of men and 28% of women. In India 33.3% of individuals are seropositive for HSV-1 and 16.6% are seropositive for HSV-2. Those with both HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibodies are estimated at 13.3% of the population. Indian men are more likely to be infected with HSV-2 than women, and increasing seroprevalence of this virus is associated with an increasing age. Turkey— High levels of HSV-1 (97%) and HSV-2 (42%) were found amongst pregnant women in the city of Erzurum in Eastern Anatolia Region, Turkey. In Istanbul however, lower HSV-2 seroprevalence was observed; HSV-2 antibodies were found in 4.8% of sexually active adults, while HSV-1 antibodies were found in 85.3%. Only 5% of pregnant women were infected with HSV-2, and 98% were infected with HSV-1. Prevalence of these viruses was higher in sex workers of Istanbul, reaching levels of 99% and 60% for HSV-1 and HSV-2 prevalence respectively. Jordan— The prevalence of HSV-2 in Jordan is 52.8% for men and 41.5% for women. Israel— HSV-1 seroprevalence is 59.8% in the population of Israel and increases with age in both genders but the adolescent seroprevalence has been declining as in most industrialized nations. An estimated 9.2% of Israeli adults are infected with HSV-2. Infection of either HSV-1 or HSV-2 is higher in females; HSV-2 seroprevalence reaches 20.5% in females in their 40s. These values are similar to levels in HSV infection in Europe. Antibodies for HSV-1 or HSV-2 are also more likely to be found individuals born outside of Israel, and individuals residing in Jerusalem and Southern Israel; people of Jewish origin living in Israel are less likely to possess antibodies against herpes. Among pregnant women in Israel a small scale cross sectional study found the prevalence of HSV-2 infection was 13.3% and that of HSV-1 was 94.9%. The HSV-2 infection rate was 3-fold higher among immigrants from the former Soviet Union (27.5%) than among Israeli-born Jewish and Arab women (9%). Approximately 78% of HSV-2 infections in Israel are asymptomatic. HSV-1 causes 66.3% of genital herpes in the Tel Aviv area. Syria— Genital herpes infection from HSV-2 is predicted to be low in Syria although HSV-1 levels are high. HSV-1 infections is common (95%) among healthy Syrians over the age of 30, while HSV-2 prevalence is low in healthy individuals (0.15%), and persons infected with other sexually transmitted diseases (9.5%). High risk groups for acquiring HSV-2 in Syria, include prostitutes and bar girls; they have 34% and 20% seroprevalence respectively. In Australia, a study using data from 1999 revealed the seroprevalence of HSV-1 was at 76.5%, with significant differences associated with age, gender and Indigenous status, which were not specified. An estimated 12% of Australian adults were seropositive for HSV-2, with higher prevalence in women (16%) than in men (8%). Larger cities had higher HSV-2 seroprevalence (13%) than rural populations (9%). Higher prevalence was found in Indigenous Australians (18%) than non-Indigenous Australians (12%). As in the U.S., HSV-1 is increasingly identified as the cause of genital herpes in Australians; HSV-1 was identified in the anogenital area of only 3% of the population in 1980, but had risen to 41% in 2001. This was most common in females and persons under 25. The number of genital herpes infections appears to be rising in New Zealand with three times more cases in 1993 compared to 1977. In this country, HSV-2 affects 60% more women than men of similar age. Epidemiology of herpes simplex The epidemiology of herpes simplex is of substantial epidemiologic and public health interest. Worldwide, the rate of infection with herpes simplex virus—counting both HSV-1 and HSV-2—is around 90%. Although many people infected with HSV develop labial or genital lesions (herpes simplex), the majority are either undiagnosed or display no physical symptoms—individuals with no symptoms are described as asymptomatic or as having subclinical herpes. In many infections, the first symptom a person will have of their own infection is the horizontal transmission to a sexual partner or the vertical transmission of neonatal herpes"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Podegrodzie, Lesser Poland Voivodeship Podegrodzie is a village in Nowy Sącz County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Podegrodzie. It lies approximately south-west of Nowy Sącz and south-east of the regional capital Kraków. The village has a population of 1,700. Podegrodzie is the seat of one of the oldest Roman Catholic parishes in historic Lesser Poland. It was probably established here in 1014 by Boleslaw Chroby, because in the early Middle Ages, two fortified gord existed in this area: Zamczysko and Grobla. Furthermore, Podegrodzie is one of the centers of an ethnic group Lachy Sadeckie. Here, the Museum of Lachy Sadeckie is located. The village owes its name to the location. Podegrodzie in loose translation means \"a settlement under the gord\", as it was located at the two castellan residencies, the gords of Grobla and Zamczysko. It was first mentioned in documents from the late 13th century, and Jan Długosz wrote its name in two ways: Podgrodzye and Podgrodze. In 1538 it was spelled Podegrodze, and in 1581 – Podgrodzie. In the late 10th century, when southern Lesser Poland became part of the Kingdom of Poland, the seat of the Castellan was a gord at Naszczowice. After it had burned, the castellans moved their residence to the Zamczysko gord, which also burned after some time. Next residence was the gord of Grobla, located on a hill several hundred meters southwards. The village of Podegrodzie was established between the two gords. In 1241, Podegrodzie and Grobla were destroyed during the Mongol invasion of Poland. As a result, the town of Stary Sącz was founded in 1278, replacing Grobla as main administrative center of the region. Podegrodzie, Lesser Poland Voivodeship Podegrodzie is a village in Nowy Sącz County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship,"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Daren Shiau Daren Shiau (Chinese: 萧维龙, born 1971), PBM, is a Singaporean novelist, poet, conservationist, and lawyer in private practice qualified in Singapore, England and Wales. He is an author of five books. Shiau is a holder of the civil decoration the Public Service Medal (\"Pingat Bakti Masyarakat\") which is awarded for commendable public service in Singapore, and for achievements in the field of arts and letters, \"et al\". Other writers who have been conferred the Public Service Medal include Edwin Thumboo and Simon Tay. Shiau was born in Singapore in 1971, and of Hakka and Peranakan grandparentage. He was educated at Raffles Institution, Raffles Junior College, and graduated from the Law Faculty of the National University of Singapore on the Dean's List in 1996. A Fulbright scholar, and an alumnus of the East-West Center in Honolulu established by the United States Congress in 1960, Shiau was the Visiting Writer in Fall 2003 to the University of California, Berkeley (Centre for Southeast Asian Studies). Shiau is the author of \"Heartland\" (1999), \"Peninsular: Archipelagos and Other Islands\" (2000), and \"Velouria\" (2007). He is also a co-editor of \"Coast\" (2010), a seminal mono-titular anthology. Travel guide \"Lonely Planet: Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei\" has cited Shiau as the author of the \"definitive Singapore novel\", and \"The Arts Magazine\" had described Shiau as \"among the most exciting of the post-1965 generation of writers\". Shiau's first work, \"Heartland\" is an existential novel. It deals with the paradox of rootedness and rootlessness of Singaporeans born after the Japanese Occupation. The book received the Singapore Literature Prize Commendation Award in 1998, together with Alfian Sa'at's \"Corridor\". \"Heartland\" was named by Singapore's English daily \"The Straits Times\" in December 1999, along with J.M. Coetzee's \"Disgrace\", as one of the 10 Best Books of the Year. In 2007, an academic edition of \"Heartland\" was adopted into a textbook for Singapore secondary schools offering English literature in their GCE O-Level curriculum. In 2015, \"Heartland\" was selected by \"The Business Times\" as one of the Top 10 English Singapore books from 1965 to 2015, alongside titles by Arthur Yap, Goh Poh Seng and Philip Jeyaretnam. In the same year, MediaCorp commissioned the adaptation of \"Heartland\" into a telemovie directed by K Rajagopal. \"Heartland\", the telemovie, was broadcast in August 2015. A year after \"Heartland\" was published, Shiau released a poetry collection, \"Peninsular: Archipelagos and Other Islands.\" Poems from \"Peninsular\" have been included in several international and Singapore anthologies. Emeritus Professor Edwin Thumboo wrote an essay about \"Peninsular\" titled 'Time and Place: History and Geography in Daren Shiau’s Poetry' in which he commented: \"The incisive revelations of Shiau's work begin with the significance and the reach of his themes... Interrelated and overlapping, they explain both the intrinsic unity of his work and – for me at least – its importance in the present overall balance of Singapore literature in English\". The Singapore literature platform, \"poetry.sg\", observes in its ‘Critical Introduction’ to Shiau: “Shiau’s first collection of poetry, \"Peninsular\", encapsulates through its structure and its themes the dual concerns of history and spatiality in his writing, which began early on in \"Heartland\" (both the original collection of poetry and the final publication conceived as a novel), and which persists in later work such as \"Velouria.\" \"Velouria\" is a seminal collection of Singaporean microfiction, published by Shiau in 2007. The title story of the book is named after a track by Boston-based alternative rock band, the Pixies. Other stories in the volume were named after songs by artistes such as My Bloody Valentine and Thelonious Monk. In 2005, Shiau was first runner-up in the Golden Point Award creative writing competition for his short story, \"Take Your Wings Off, I Say\". An excerpt of the story appears as the last piece in \"Velouria\". An editorial on Shiau’s writing on \"poetry.sg\" notes that his “wry observational poetry is transposed into [his] later collection of microfiction, \"Velouria\", which also maintains the elegiac quality of poetry, while combining the compression and suggestiveness of poetic language with the broader narrative and character developments afforded by prose”. On the editorial front, Shiau co-edited with Lee Wei Fen in 2010, an experimental anthology, \"Coast\", which featured creative works by published and unpublished writers across a single title. Literary critic, Dr Gwee Li Sui, has described \"Coast\" as \"a manifesto, a call to stretch out the tent poles of language and go in search of an idiom for making destiny\". Shiau has been invited to read in New York, Boston, and at venues across the United States, including the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has been a guest writer at the Melbourne Writers Festival, and the Hong Kong International Literary Festival. His works have also been translated into several languages, namely Italian, German, Chinese, Malay, Tamil, and have been featured in cross-discipline public performances by other artists. In 2015, Shiau collaborated with indie band Riot in Magenta to present a performance at the Esplanade Recital Studio as part of the Singapore Writers Festival. Shiau has served as a writing mentor for the Creative Arts Programme administered by the Ministry of Education, and the National Arts Council's Mentor Access Project. He received the Young Artist Award (Literature) from the National Arts Council in 2002. At the National University of Singapore, Shiau was one of the first chairmen of the environmental activism NGO Students Against Violation of the Earth (SAVE). SAVE was involved in coastal clean-up and reforestation efforts in the 1990s, and spearheaded the university's campus-wide recycling programme. In 1993, Shiau, then a sophomore undergraduate, led SAVE in organising \"Water for Somalia\", a project to raise funds for building water pipelines for Kenyan and Ethiopian refugees. It was the largest national recycling effort at that time, and received recognition and praise by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. in Geneva. A year before his graduation, Shiau was elected the inaugural National Chairman of the Youth Environmental Network of Singapore (YEN), an umbrella organisation for school-based environment NGOs. Shiau was subsequently appointed as Director on the independently-managed Singapore Environment Council, and as Board Member of the National Parks Board, a statutory board of Singapore's Ministry of National Development. He has also been named an international expert of the Commission on Environmental Law of the (IUCN) in Switzerland. In 2016, Shiau was appointed to the Management Committee of the Garden City Fund, an Institute of Public Character in Singapore which complements the National Parks Board's greening and biodiversity conservation efforts. For his outstanding contributions to preservation of the local environment, Shiau was awarded the inaugural Green Leaf Award, the predecessor to the President's Award for the Environment, in 1993. Shiau has also published a trade monograph, \"Communication and the Environment\" (2000). Shiau is a recipient of: In 1993, he was selected by \"The Straits Times\" on Singapore's National Day as one of \"50 Faces to Watch\". A decade later in 2003, he was again named by \"The Straits Times\" on National Day as one of \"38 Singaporeans Who Make a Difference to Singapore\". The Japanese community in Singapore recognised Shiau's contributions to civic education by conferring on him the Japanese Chamber of Commerce and Industry (JCCI) Foundation Education Award in 2003. In 2016, Shiau was conferred the Public Service Medal (\"Pingat Bakti Masyarakat\") by the President of the Republic of Singapore. Shiau has volunteered actively in the community, particularly in the Central",
"for the Environment, in 1993. Shiau has also published a trade monograph, \"Communication and the Environment\" (2000). Shiau is a recipient of: In 1993, he was selected by \"The Straits Times\" on Singapore's National Day as one of \"50 Faces to Watch\". A decade later in 2003, he was again named by \"The Straits Times\" on National Day as one of \"38 Singaporeans Who Make a Difference to Singapore\". The Japanese community in Singapore recognised Shiau's contributions to civic education by conferring on him the Japanese Chamber of Commerce and Industry (JCCI) Foundation Education Award in 2003. In 2016, Shiau was conferred the Public Service Medal (\"Pingat Bakti Masyarakat\") by the President of the Republic of Singapore. Shiau has volunteered actively in the community, particularly in the Central Singapore District. Over the years, he has been appointed by the Singapore Government and the private sector to sit on various national-level committees relating to the arts, education and conservation. This includes working and focus groups of the Committee on the Future Economy (2016), the Urban Redevelopment Authority's Concept Plan Review Committee (both in 2011 and 2001), and the Singapore 21 Committee (1997). Other appointments have included the Films Appeal Committee of the Media Development Authority of Singapore, and the Supervisory Panel of the Government's Feedback Unit. Shiau has also previously served as a Council Member on the National Youth Council. Shiau is a member of the founding Board of Directors for Crest Secondary School, the first Specialised School for Normal (Technical) students in Singapore, which was announced by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong during his National Day Rally speech in 2010. Daren Shiau Daren Shiau (Chinese: 萧维龙, born 1971), PBM, is a Singaporean novelist, poet, conservationist, and lawyer in private practice qualified in Singapore, England and Wales. He is an author"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Erythronium sibiricum Erythronium sibiricum is a bulbous perennial in the family \"Liliaceae\", commonly known as Siberian fawn lily or Siberian trout lily. The two basal leaves are often covered with spots. The perigones are between 25 and 70 millimeters long and of a pinkish purple, sometimes white, coloration with a yellow base. The anthers are yellow. Flowering is at the end of April or beginning of May. The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24. \"Erythronium sibiricum\" occurs in Siberia (Altay, Tuva, Krasnoyarsk), in Northeastern Kazakhstan and in Northern Xinjiang and Mongolia in the Altai and Sajan mountains. The species inhabits forests, thickets and subalpine meadows at altitudes of 1100 to 2500 meters. This species was first described in 1841 by Friedrich von Fischer and Carl Anton von Meyer as \"Erythronium dens-canis\" var. \"sibiricum\". In 1929 Porphyry Nikitic Krylov gave it the species status. Erythronium sibiricum Erythronium sibiricum is a bulbous perennial in the family \"Liliaceae\", commonly known as Siberian fawn lily or Siberian trout lily. The two basal leaves are often covered with spots. The perigones are between 25 and 70 millimeters long and of a pinkish purple, sometimes white, coloration with a yellow base. The anthers are yellow."
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Halang language Halang, also known as Salang, is a Bahnaric language of the Mon–Khmer branch of the Austroasiatic language family. It is spoken in the southern Laotian province of Attapu by approximately 4,000 people and in the neighboring Kon Tum Province of Vietnam by approximately 20,000 people. In Vietnam, Halang is spoken in Đắk Na Commune, Đắk Tô District, Kon Tum Province (Lê et. al 2014:175) In more specific usage, \"Halang\" refers to the dialect spoken in Vietnam, whereas \"Salang\" refers to the dialect spoken in Laos. Halang or Salang may also serve as an ethnonym for members of the ethnic group that speak the language. However, in Vietnam, the Halang speakers are officially classified as a subgroup of the larger Sedang ethnicity. Halang language Halang, also known as Salang, is a Bahnaric language of the Mon–Khmer branch of the Austroasiatic language family. It is spoken in the southern Laotian province of Attapu by approximately 4,000 people and in the neighboring Kon Tum Province of Vietnam by approximately 20,000 people. In Vietnam, Halang is spoken in Đắk Na Commune, Đắk Tô District, Kon Tum Province (Lê et. al 2014:175) In more specific usage, \"Halang\" refers to the dialect spoken in"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Darlington, Indiana Darlington is a town in Franklin Township, Montgomery County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 843 at the 2010 census. Darlington was platted by Enoch Cox in 1836. The city takes its name from Darlington, in England. The post office at Darlington has been in operation since 1837. The Pennsylvania Rail Road (Vandalia district) made stops in Darlington for many years from the late 19th century up until the 1960s. The right-of-way can still be seen to this day along state road 47 with its numerous wood-pile trestles. Many people in Darlington would ride the PRR to Lake Maxinkuckee on weekends during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Vandalia District started southwest of Terre Haute and bi-sected Montgomery County from Waveland, through Crawfordsville, to Darlington, continuing on to Colfax where it crossed the NYC Big Four branch. A man named Arthur Baird II killed his parents, Arthur and Katherine, and his pregnant wife Nadine on September 6–7, 1985; this was the first triple murder to occur in Montgomery County, as well as the first murder in the county since 1978. On June 2, 1990, an F-3 tornado touched down southwest of Darlington and destroyed multiple homes, barns, and property around the area. The town suffered significant damage from the storm. Darlington is located at (40.108218, -86.776555). According to the 2010 census, Darlington has a total area of , all land. It is about northeast of Crawfordsville, south of Lafayette, and about northwest of Indianapolis. As of the census of 2010, there were 843 people, 327 households, and 226 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 364 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 98.9% White, 0.1% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.1% Asian, and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.2% of the population. There were 327 households of which 40.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.8% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 8.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 30.9% were non-families. 26.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.10. The median age in the town was 35.8 years. 28.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.7% were from 25 to 44; 24.4% were from 45 to 64; and 11% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 50.5% male and 49.5% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 854 people, 331 households, and 232 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,706.9 people per square mile (1,030.4/km²). There were 359 housing units at an average density of 1,137.9 per square mile (433.2/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 99.18% White, 0.12% Asian, 0.23% from other races, and 0.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.47% of the population. There were 331 households out of which 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.1% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.9% were non-families. 27.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.13. The town has a local Mini Mart where many regulars eat lunch and breakfast. In the town, the population was spread out with 31.6% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 18.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.8 males. The median income for a household in the town was $36,250, and the median income for a family was $43,462. Males had a median income of $35,463 versus $21,310 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,154. About 5.3% of families and 7.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.1% of those under age 18 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over. Currently the town utilizes a three-member town board who oversees operations of the town's municipal utilities including electric, wastewater, stormwater, parks, and street maintenance. The town's drinking water is provided by Aqua corporation. The Darlington Police Department consists of two contracted Crawfordsville City Police officers and one Montgomery County Deputy who patrol forty hours per week to respond to emergencies only. The sheriff's department is responsible for criminal investigations and traffic enforcement. Fire service is provided by Darlington Community Volunteer Fire Department, Inc. The Fire department exists as its own entity. Early each fall, the town hosts Darlington Fish Fry & Festival in the downtown areas. The Darlington Covered Bridge is 0.6 miles west of town. It was built in 1868 and is 166' long. It was built as a result of donations from Darlington citizens who saw a need for a bridge over Sugar Creek and raised $1,585 in 1866. There was both the bridge and a mill on the site. Only the bridge remains. As of January 2012, the Montgomery County Commissioners have transferred over $30,000 in funds to the town of Darlington for the restoration and preservation of the historic bridge. North Montgomery School Corporation serves Darlington. Elementary students are zoned to Sugar Creek Elementary School. Secondary school students attend Northridge Middle School and North Montgomery High School. The town has a lending library, the Darlington Public Library. Darlington, Indiana Darlington is a town in Franklin"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Randleman High School Randleman High School is a high school in the Randolph County Schools system. Randleman High School is a high school in the Randolph County School District. The current campus was opened in 1974. Randleman High School's mascot is the Tiger. They play in the NCHSAA's 2-A division. The Tigers' football team won 3 consecutives state 2A championships from 1981-1983. The 1983 team, led by All-State running back Tony Goss, finished in USA TODAY's final Top 25 poll. In 2011, the Tigers captured the 2A state title in baseball. \"The mission of the Randolph County Schools is to educate all students in an environment responsive to their individual needs in order that they may become participating, productive citizens\". Randleman High School Randleman High School is a high school in the Randolph County Schools system. Randleman High School is a high school in the Randolph County School District. The current campus was opened in 1974. Randleman High School's mascot is the Tiger. They play in the NCHSAA's 2-A division. The Tigers' football team won 3 consecutives state 2A championships from 1981-1983. The 1983 team, led by All-State running back Tony Goss, finished in USA TODAY's final Top 25 poll."
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens The Metropolitan Cathedral of the Annunciation () popularly known as the \"Mētrópolis\", is the cathedral church of the Archbishopric of Athens and all Greece. Construction of the Cathedral began on Christmas Day, 1842 with the laying of the cornerstone by King Otto and Queen Amalia. Construction started under the architect Theophil Hansen and was continued by Dimitris Zezos, Panagis Kalkos and François Boulanger. Workers used marble from 72 demolished churches to build the Cathedral's immense walls. Three architects and 20 years later, it was completed. On May 21, 1862, the completed Cathedral was dedicated to the Annunciation of the Mother of God (Ευαγγελισμός της Θεοτόκου) by the King and Queen. The Cathedral is a three-aisled, domed basilica that measures long, wide, and high. Inside are the tombs of two saints killed by the Ottoman Turks during the Ottoman period: Saint Philothei and Patriarch Gregory V. To the immediate south of the Cathedral is the little Church of St. Eleftherios also called the \"Little Mitropoli.\" In the Square in front of the Cathedral stand two statues. The first is that of Saint Constantine XI the Ethnomartyr, the last Byzantine Emperor. The second is a statue of Archbishop Damaskinos who was Archbishop of Athens during World War II and was Regent for King George II and Prime Minister of Greece in 1946. The Metropolitan Cathedral remains a major landmark in Athens and the site of important ceremonies with national political figures present, as well as weddings and funerals of notable personalities. Sacred Destinations Church of Greece Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens The Metropolitan Cathedral of the Annunciation () popularly known as the \"Mētrópolis\", is the cathedral church of the Archbishopric of Athens and all Greece. Construction of the Cathedral began on Christmas Day, 1842 with the laying of the"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Grunt gallery grunt gallery is an artist-run centre located in Vancouver, BC. Established in 1984, grunt gallery was part of the second generation of Vancouver’s artist-run centres, such as Main Exit (1980–84), Unit/Pitt (1980-), Reflections (1982–83), Or Gallery (1983-), (N)on Commercial (1984–1985), the Convertible Showroom (1984–86), Artspeak (1986-), Clochard (1987-) and Gallery T.O.O (1988–89). It was founded by Glenn Alteen, Kempton Dexter, Danielle Peacock, Susan MacKinley, Garry Ross, Dawn Richards, Billy Gene, Hillary Wood and Daniel Olson. The first meetings for the Vancouver Fringe Festival happened at grunt in 1985 and grunt was a venue for the festival until 1989. From 1987 until 1994 singer Kate Hammett Vaughan and guitarist Ron Samworth produce a weekly jazz improv series called Jazz in the Gallery. After 1990 grunt developed a number of Performance Series that ran at the same time as the Vancouver Fringe Festival including the 1990 Vancouver Performance Art Series, 1991 The Chicago Series, Performance Poets Series Masque of the Red Death and 1992 First Nations Performance Series. In 1993 Queer City Festival and Two Spirit Performance Series were produced. In 1994, grunt and artist Pat Beaton produced the Mount Pleasant Community Fence, one of Vancouver’s first engaged public art projects. In 1995, grunt produced the series Halfbred, that focused on issues of miscegenation, bisexuality and transgender communities with the Pitt Gallery. This is also the year when grunt obtained its own space. In 1996, production of the Mattering Map by Pia Masse, another engaged community public art focused on the working class diners of East Vancouver. In 1999, grunt produced Live at the End of the Century, a six-week performance festival celebrating the 20th Anniversary of the Living Art Festival in 1979. Thanks to this event’s success, grunt created \"Live Biennial of Performance Art\" in 2001, which still exists today. In 2008, grunt produced the Medicine Project, a website by Dana Claxton and Tania Willard. In 2009, the Vancouver Art in the 60’s web site was produced by Lorna Brown with the Morris and Helen Belkin Art Gallery at UBC. In 2010, grunt launched Media Lab Campaign and Activating The Archive Project begins. In 2011, the Media lab opened and ATA series of web site projects were developed. With over 20 years work with the First Nations artists’ communities, grunt’s archive contains documentary reproduction of many works: performances on video, black and white photography and exhibitions on slides, more recently accompanied by digital photography. The gallery specialized throughout the 1990s in First Nation’s artists of all levels of experience and media could exhibit their works. Among the most important of the First Nations events developed by grunt is, in 1997, the performance An Indian Act Shooting the Indian Act by Lawrence Paul Yuxweluptun. In two locations in the UK took place the project Positive+ looking at issues of HIV and AIDS, after the cocktail, with the Roundhouse Community Centre. In 2002, grunt produced the conference, Indian Acts - Aboriginal Performance Art with TRIBE. In 2005, as a part of LIVE Biennial, grunt created the community project Nova Library and also its first archival Website First Nations Performance. In 2006, grunt launched the First Visions Project with three websites, this is also the year when Grunt Gallery Legacy Endowment was set up through the Vancouver Foundation. In 2007, Live In Public- The Art of Engagement Conference and Aboriginal Creators Project with websites by Lawrence Paul Yuxweluptun, Rebecca Belmore and Dana Claxton were created. Working with a diverse group of artists and musicians, grunt gallery director Glenn Alteen initiated a project for an online gallery and invited Tania Willard and Skeena Reece, Aboriginal artists and curators, both with ties to Aboriginal youth communities, to curate an online exhibition. Beat Nation took off, and continues to grow, from an art exhibition and performance at SAW Gallery as part of BC Scene in Ottawa, Ontario to performance art events with Beat Nation artists in Saskatoon and co-curator Skeena Reece’s performance as part of the 2010 Sydney Biennale in Australia. Grunt gallery grunt gallery is an artist-run centre located in Vancouver, BC. Established in 1984, grunt gallery was part of the second generation of Vancouver’s artist-run centres, such as Main Exit (1980–84), Unit/Pitt (1980-),"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Bonnie Korzeniowski Bonnie Korzeniowski (born October 5, 1941) is a former politician in Manitoba, Canada. She was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1999 to 2011. Korzeniowski holds both Bachelor of Social Work and Master of Science in Administration degrees. She was a social worker for twenty years before entering political life, and worked in psychogeriatrics for twelve years at the Deer Lodge Centre in Winnipeg. Korzeniowski has also been involved in organizations such as the Deer Lodge United Church, the Manitoba Human Rights Committee and the Manitoba Alzheimer's Society. Before her election, she served as chair of Health Care Professionals for the Deer Lodge Centre of the Professional Institute of Public Service in Canada. Korzeniowski was elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1999 provincial election as a New Democrat in the west Winnipeg riding of St. James, defeating incumbent Progressive Conservative Gerry McAlpine by 4483 votes to 3845. She was re-elected by a wider margin in 2003 election. She supported Bill Blaikie's campaign for the leadership of the federal New Democratic Party in 2003. She was re-elected again in the 2007 provincial election. Korzeniowski served as the province's special envoy for military affairs from February 2008 to June 2013. She assumed that role while still an MLA and continued to receive the same full salary even after she did not run for reelection in 2011. Bonnie Korzeniowski Bonnie Korzeniowski (born October 5, 1941) is a former politician in Manitoba, Canada. She was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1999 to 2011. Korzeniowski holds both Bachelor of Social Work and Master of Science in Administration degrees. She was a social worker for twenty years before entering political life, and worked in psychogeriatrics for twelve years at the Deer Lodge Centre in Winnipeg. Korzeniowski"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Peter Marlow (athlete) Peter Marlow (born 20 April 1941) is a British racewalker who competed at the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich, finishing 17th in the 20 km walk. He was born in London. He has been chief judge for racewalking at the Olympic Games in 2008, 2004 and 2000 and at other major international championships. He was elected president of the Race Walking Association in 2003. He was also a former editor of the magazine Race Walking Record for three years. Peter is currently a member of the IAAF Race Walking Committee, having represented race walkers at IAAF since 2001 Peter Marlow (athlete) Peter Marlow (born 20 April 1941) is a British racewalker who competed at the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich, finishing 17th in the 20 km walk. He was born in London. He has been chief judge for racewalking at the Olympic Games in 2008, 2004 and 2000 and at other major international championships. He was elected president of the Race Walking Association in 2003. He was also a former editor of the magazine Race Walking Record for three years. Peter is currently a member of the IAAF Race Walking Committee, having represented race walkers at IAAF"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Old Chestnut Hill Historic District The Old Chestnut Hill Historic District encompasses the historic residential heart of the Newton portion of Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. When first listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986, the district extended along Hammond Street, between Beacon Street and the MBTA Green Line right-of-way, and along Chestnut Hill Road between Hammond and Essex, including properties along a few adjacent streets. The district was expanded in 1990 to include more of Chestnut Hill Road and Essex Road, Suffolk Road and the roads between it and Hammond, and a small section south of the Green Line including properties on Hammond Street, Longwood Road, and Middlesex Road. A further expansion in 1999 added a single property on Suffolk Road. The district consists of a residential enclave of high-quality architect-designed residences on ample, landscaped lots, that exemplified the development of Newton as a fashionable upper-class suburb. The area's colonial history begins with settlement in the 17th century by Thomas Hammond and others. Hammond was probably the builder of the c. 1700 Hammond House at 9 Old Orchard Road, considered to be Newton's oldest surviving structure. The 1723 house at 521 Hammond Street, a substantial Georgian style house, also belonged to the Hammond family. Development of the area did not begin in a significant way until after 1886, when the Circuit Railroad brought rail service to the area. A station designed by H. H. Richardson was built at Chestnut Hill in 1883 and landscaped by Frederick Law Olmsted; it was demolished in 1960. The houses in the district are predominantly Colonial Revival in their styling, although other forms popular into the 1920s are also represented, including Tudor Revival. There has been only limited new construction in the area since 1942. The district includes 132 buildings, of which 109 contribute to its significance. Old Chestnut Hill Historic District The Old Chestnut Hill Historic District encompasses the historic residential heart of the Newton portion of Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. When first listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986, the district extended along Hammond Street, between Beacon Street and the MBTA Green Line right-of-way, and along Chestnut Hill Road between Hammond and Essex, including properties along a few adjacent streets. The district was expanded in 1990 to include more of Chestnut Hill Road and Essex Road, Suffolk Road and the roads between it and Hammond, and a small section"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Baron Holland Baron Holland, of Holland in the County of Lincoln, and Baron Holland of Foxley, of Foxley in the County of Wiltshire, were two titles in the Peerage of Great Britain. The first barony was created on 7 March 1762 for Lady Caroline Fox, the daughter of Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond and the eldest of the famous Lennox sisters. The second barony was created on 17 April 1763 for her husband, the prominent Whig politician Henry Fox. Lord and Lady Holland were both succeeded by their eldest son, the second Baron. He had previously represented Salisbury in Parliament. On his early death in 1774 the titles passed to his only son, the third Baron. He was also an influential Whig politician and notably served as Lord Privy Seal from 1806 to 1806 in the Ministry of All the Talents. He was succeeded by his eldest legitimate son, the fourth Baron. He sat as Member of Parliament for Horsham. He had four daughters but no sons and on his death in 1859 the titles became extinct. The politician Charles James Fox was the second son of the first Baroness and first Baron. Charles Richard Fox, illegitimate son of the third Baron by his mistress and future wife, Lady Webster. The first Baron Holland of Foxley was the second and youngest son from the second marriage of the politician Sir Stephen Fox, and the younger brother of Stephen Fox-Strangways, 1st Earl of Ilchester. The latter title was created with remainder to Henry Fox and the heirs male of his body. Baron Holland Baron Holland, of Holland in the County of Lincoln, and Baron Holland of Foxley, of Foxley in the County of Wiltshire, were two titles in the Peerage of Great Britain. The first barony was created on 7"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Old Westfield Cemetery The Old Westfield Cemetery is located at 320 North Street in the Danielson borough of Killingly, Connecticut. The cemetery was established in 1720, not long after Killingly's incorporation (1708). It occupies a parcel on the north side of North Street, and is bounded in part by the Five Mile River. Its main entry is marked by granite pillars placed in 1920, giving access to a perimeter road. The cemetery is laid out in a form typical of 18th-century and early 19th-century, with graves lined up in relatively even rows, avoiding the mid-19th century rural cemetery movement. Most of its 450 graves date to the 19th century. The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. Killingly was settled in 1707, when James Daniels purchased the area between the Quinebaug River and the Rhode Island border from James Fitch. Daniels is considered the founder of the village of Danielson, and is buried in this cemetery. It was laid out in 1728, and remained in continuous use until about 1900, when additional space on the south side of North Street was added. Most burials now take place in the modern southern parcel, although burials still take place in family plots in the old section. About 15% of the graves date to the 18th century, typically with slate stones carved with cherubs or winged soul effigies. The larger number of 19th-century burials have a wider variety of monuments, including the use of granite and marble. The most elaborate family monument is that of the Atwoods in the northeast quadrant, which features a Classical statue and drapery. Old Westfield Cemetery The Old Westfield Cemetery is located at 320 North Street in the Danielson borough of Killingly, Connecticut. The cemetery was established in 1720, not long after Killingly's"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Ramona Sakiestewa Ramona Sakiestewa (born 1948) is a contemporary Native American artist who lives and works in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Sakiestewa is renowned for her tapestries, works-on-paper, and for her public art/architectural installations. Sakiestewa was born in Albuquerque, NM to a Hopi father and German-English-Irish mother. She studied at Verde Valley School Sedona, Arizona, Santa Fe Prep, Santa Fe, NM. To further her understanding of design and color, Sakiestewa traveled to New York City in the late 1960s to study at the School of Visual Arts. She then returned to the Southwest, where she took a job as an arts administrator at Santa Fe's Museum of New Mexico. Sakiestewa is a self-taught weaver using prehistoric Pueblo techniques from the American Southwest. Her early work employed hand spun and hand dyed yarns. She researched native plant dyes of the Americas along with developing and reproducing cochineal and indigo dyeing techniques. She adapted traditional upright continuous warp weaving methods to horizontal floor loom weaving. In 1981 Sakiestewa opened her weaving studio, Ramona Sakiestewa Ltd., weaving one-of-a-kind tapestries full-time. Sakiestewa’s earliest weavings were simple banded floor rugs in the classic Pueblo style with a contemporary palette. She taught herself by reading books and with the help of a few generous acquaintances. She mastered techniques for dyeing yarn and began showing her work at Santa Fe Indian Market. Sakiestewa’s preferred tapestry size was 50” x 70” inches. Her imagery remains abstract—the style that comes most naturally, she says, and captures the essence of her subject, whether inspired by ritual objects, ceremony, or the landscape of the Southwest. ”\"(Sakiestewa) has pressed issues of scale, texture, color and tone in works that shatter old barriers separating weaving, painting and mixed media.\"” - Ann Lane Hedlund In the late 1980s Sakiestewa wove thirteen tapestries from the drawings of Frank Lloyd Wright for the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation, Phoenix, AZ. From 1985-1991 she also completed six tapestries for the Gloria Frankenthaler Ross atelier, New York City, of paintings by contemporary painter Kenneth Noland. Sakiestewa was commissioned to design a series of limited edition blankets for Dewey Trading Company, woven by Pendleton Blankets, Pendleton, OR; and a limited edition, “Ancient Blanket Series”, woven by Scalamandre, Long Island City, NY. In 1994 Sakiestewa was invited to join the architectural design team for the National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Mall Museum, Washington, DC. A 10-year project, Sakiestewa created a design vocabulary for the project and collaboratively designed architectural elements for the museum that opened September 21, 2004. Design features included the building’s main entry doors, the “Entry Plaza Birthdate”, a 100’ copper screen wall, a 60’ wide theater curtain and other architectural elements throughout the building. She authored the contributing essay, \"\"Making Our World Understandable\"\" in the companion book, <nowiki>\"</nowiki>\"Spirit of a Native Place – Building the National Museum of the American Indian\"\" In 2009 Sakiestewa closed her weaving studio to further develop her works-on-paper and painting and architectural projects. Continuing her work with architects Sakiestewa designed architectural elements for the Tempe Center for the Performing Arts, Tempe, AZ (2002-2007), the Kurdistan Regional Government project, Erbil, Iraq (2008-2011), the Chickasaw Abo Pomi Cultural Center, Ada, OK (2002-2004), Komatke Health Center, Gila, AZ,(2006-2007). Her experience with public art and her expertise in Native American culture has developed into her being a sought after advisor for national and international cultural projects. She worked as a design consultant for the observatory and astronomy center for the University of New Mexico She served in the position of Chair of the New Mexico Arts Commission; trustee of the International Folk Art Foundation, Santa Fe, NM; member of the National Park Service Concessions Management Advisory Board, Washington, DC, Secretary of the Interior appointment; member of the New Mexico Coin Commission, Santa Fe, NM, a gubernatorial appointment; trustee of the Georgia O’Keeffe Museum, Santa Fe, NM. Sakiestewa is the recipient of numerous awards for her artwork, including the New Mexico Governor’s Award for Excellence in the Arts (2006), the \"Governor’s Outstanding New Mexico Woman’s Award\" (2006), induction into \"New Mexico Women’s Hall of Fame\" (2006), the \"New Mexico Committee of the National Museum of Women in the Arts\" (2007); and a selected artist for \"Gift to the Nation, Friends of Art and Preservation in Embassies\", Washington DC (2001). She received awards within the \"Contemporary Weaving\" division, Santa Fe Indian Market (1982-1991). In 1978 Ramona married poet Arthur Sze. They have one son Micah F.H. Sakiestewa Sze (b. 1979) In 1998 Ramona married architect/exhibit designer Andrew F. Merriell. Ramona Sakiestewa Ramona Sakiestewa (born 1948) is a contemporary Native American artist who lives and works in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Sakiestewa is renowned for her tapestries, works-on-paper, and for her public art/architectural installations. Sakiestewa was born in Albuquerque, NM to a Hopi father and German-English-Irish mother. She"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Party of Reason The Party of Reason (, PDV) is a libertarian political party in Germany founded in 2009 by the journalist and author Oliver Janich. The party's policies are based on the Austrian School of economics. It campaigns for a minimal state, free markets, free banking and currency competition, decentralization of political power, subsidiarity and direct democracy. It rejects nationalism, racism and any kind of anti-democratic politics, whether from left or right, and censorship of the internet. In September 2013, the PDV, together with libertarian parties from Spain (Party of Individual Freedom), France (Liberal Democratic Party) and the Netherlands (Libertarian Party) signed the Utrecht Declaration and Covenant of European Classical Liberal and Libertarian Parties, establishing the European Party for Individual Liberty (EPIL). In 2011, the PDV participated in the local elections in Lower Saxony, winning one seat in the Flecken Harsefeld municipal council, two seats in the Samtgemeinde Harsefeld municipal council, and a further seat in the Bremervörde municipal council. Harald Ebert, member of the City council of Erding, and former member of the Free Democratic Party (FDP), joined the PDV in 2012. The party's first participation in German state elections was in the 2012 North Rhine-Westphalia state election on 13 May 2012, but it did not secure any seats in the Landtag. The PDV participated 2013 federal election on 22 September 2013, attaining ballot access in four states (Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate), and winning almost 25,000 second votes (0.1%). The party also fielded a number of direct candidates. Party of Reason The Party of Reason (, PDV) is a libertarian political party in Germany founded in 2009 by the journalist and author Oliver Janich. The party's policies are based on the Austrian School of economics. It campaigns for a minimal state, free markets, free banking and"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Leningradin ja Turun ystävyyden patsas The statue of friendship between Leningrad and Turku (Finnish \"Leningradin ja Turun ystävyyden patsas\", Swedish \"Staty över vänskapen mellan Leningrad och Åbo\") is a statue located in Puolalanpuisto park in Turku, Finland. It was erected 1967-1968 and revealed on May 19, 1969. The statue was erected in honour of the 15th town twinning anniversary between Turku and Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg). The statue depicts four figures, three men and a woman, greeting and embracing each other. Leningradin ja Turun ystävyyden patsas is made of bronze and stands 2.5 metres high. The base is made of red granite, mined from Vehmaa, and stands half a metre high. Leningradin ja Turun ystävyyden patsas The statue of friendship between Leningrad and Turku (Finnish \"Leningradin ja Turun ystävyyden patsas\", Swedish \"Staty över vänskapen mellan Leningrad och Åbo\") is a statue located in Puolalanpuisto park in Turku, Finland. It was erected 1967-1968 and revealed on May 19, 1969. The statue was erected in honour of the 15th town twinning anniversary between Turku and Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg). The statue depicts four figures, three men and a woman, greeting and embracing each other. Leningradin ja Turun ystävyyden patsas is made of"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"South Mall Arterial The South Mall Arterial is a expressway in Albany, New York, in the United States. It begins at an intersection with Swan Street and runs eastward under the Empire State Plaza to the west end of the Dunn Memorial Bridge, where the highway ends at an interchange between Interstate 787 (I-787), U.S. Route 9 (US 9), and US 20. The road is maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) as New York State Route 913V (NY 913V), an unsigned reference route. The arterial begins at an unorthodox intersection with Swan Street, a one-way, one-lane street that runs along the Empire State Plaza's northwestern edge. Ramps connect the westbound arterial to Swan Street north and Swan Street north to the eastbound arterial, and the arterial itself abruptly ends with a U-turn just west of Swan Street. The highway heads to the southeast, passing under a row of buildings that marks the northwestern boundary of the Empire State Plaza. After a short piece open to the sky, the road heads under the center of the plaza in two tunnels, with access to and from the plaza's parking garage on the right. Two unused tunnels—which would have served through traffic—are present in the center, and two partial tunnels on the outside serve garage traffic. It emerges from the tunnels just west of Eagle Street, a two-lane road that loosely follows the southeastern boundary of the plaza. The arterial subsequently crosses over Eagle Street, with a westbound ramp providing access to the street and the nearby Times Union Center. Continuing eastward, the eastbound direction of the highway splits into two roads, one leading to the Dunn Memorial Bridge and another connecting to I-787. The two halves of the highway are separated by only a jersey barrier until Pearl Street (US 20 and NY 32), where the arterial enters a large interchange at the western end of the Dunn Memorial Bridge. Although both directions of the arterial are accessible from Pearl Street, there is no eastbound access from the arterial to Pearl Street. The original plans for the highway had included an eastbound exit to the street. East of Pearl Street, both directions of the highway physically split into two ramps. One roadway in each direction funnels traffic to and from I-787, while the other continues eastward onto the Dunn Memorial Bridge. At this point, the South Mall Arterial gives way to US 9 and US 20, which head across the bridge to Rensselaer. US 9 enters and exits the road via ramps paralleling I-787 to the north of the arterial while US 20 ascends onto the bridge via the Pearl Street entrance and exit ramps. The arterial is inventoried by NYSDOT as NY 913V, an unsigned reference route. The highway was built in the early 1960s. The Arterial was to continue west to the east edge of Washington Park, where it would end at the Mid-Crosstown Arterial. South Mall Arterial The South Mall Arterial is a expressway in"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Luke Prokopec Kenneth Luke Prokopec (born February 23, 1978 in Blackwood, South Australia) is an Australian-born, right-handed pitcher who played in Major League Baseball for the Los Angeles Dodgers and Toronto Blue Jays. While with the Dodgers in 2000 and 2001, the tandem of Prokopec and fellow Australian Jeff Williams gained considerable popularity in the Los Angeles area. However, the attention was short lived, as both moved on to other franchises. Prokopec was traded to Toronto on December 13, 2001 with Chad Ricketts in exchange for César Izturis and Paul Quantrill. Prokopec's 2002 tenure with the Toronto Blue Jays was unsuccessful, as he went 2-9 and sustained a labral tear injury late in the season. In short order, the Blue Jays granted Prokopec free agency in October, 2002. The Los Angeles Dodgers then signed him that November, but kept him off their 40-man roster, and the Cincinnati Reds subsequently claimed Prokopec from Los Angeles in the Rule 5 Draft in December. However, Prokopec would never throw another pitch (in either the majors or the minors) for any organization—further labral problems occurred, forcing Prokopec's early retirement from professional baseball at the age of 24. Prokopec is playing in his native Australia and is now the head baseball coach for the Queensland Academy of Sport in Brisbane, Australia. Prokopec threw an 88–96 MPH four-seam fastball, an 82–86 MPH slider, an 81–83 MPH changeup, and a 75–77 MPH curveball. Luke Prokopec Kenneth Luke Prokopec (born February 23, 1978 in Blackwood, South Australia) is an Australian-born, right-handed pitcher who played in Major League Baseball for the Los Angeles Dodgers and Toronto Blue Jays. While with the Dodgers in 2000 and 2001, the tandem of Prokopec and fellow Australian Jeff Williams gained considerable popularity in the Los Angeles area. However, the attention was short lived,"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Peacefrog Records Peacefrog Records is an independent record label based in London, United Kingdom. The label produces releases in many different styles of electronic music, as well as branching out into folk and indie artists such as José González, Nouvelle Vague and Little Dragon. The label was started by Pete Hutchison and Paul Ballard in 1991. After the Lodger 303 E.P., Ballard withdrew from Peacefrog Records. The record label subsequently released a number of techno records by artists including Luke Slater, Moodymann and Suburban Knight. The label has built up a following over the years, increased by the mainstream success of José González and has become synonymous for synching many of its recently signed artists music to film and television. Notable examples of this include the 2006 iconic Sony Bravia \"Balls\" (Jose Gonzalez) and in 2011, Twinings \"Sea\" (Charlene Soraia). Both artists enjoyed top 10 single success as a consequence. Jose Gonzales LP \"Veneer\" was certified Platinum in 2006 and Charlene Soraia's \"Wherever you will go\" certified gold in 2012 with sales in excess of 500,000. Other artists signed to the label who have enjoyed commercial success include Nouvelle Vague who achieved sales of over 1 million worldwide over the 3 albums recorded for the label. Peacefrog is also an active and successful music publishing company. Peacefrog Records Peacefrog Records is an independent record label based in London, United Kingdom. The label produces releases in many different styles of electronic music, as well as branching out into folk and indie artists such as José González, Nouvelle Vague and Little Dragon. The label was started by Pete Hutchison and Paul Ballard in 1991. After the Lodger 303 E.P., Ballard withdrew from Peacefrog Records. The record label subsequently released a number of techno records by artists including Luke Slater, Moodymann and Suburban"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase In enzymology, a di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate, whereas its two products are diphosphate and di-trans,poly-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring aryl or alkyl groups other than methyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate undecaprenylcistransferase. Other names in common use include di-trans,poly-cis-undecaprenyl-diphosphate synthase, undecaprenyl-diphosphate synthase, bactoprenyl-diphosphate synthase, UPP synthetase, undecaprenyl diphosphate synthetase, and undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase. This enzyme participates in terpenoid biosynthesis. As of late 2007, 15 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and . Di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase In enzymology, a di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate, whereas its two products are diphosphate and di-trans,poly-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring aryl or alkyl groups other than methyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate undecaprenylcistransferase. Other names in common use include di-trans,poly-cis-undecaprenyl-diphosphate synthase, undecaprenyl-diphosphate"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Keith Robinson (actor) Keith Robinson is an American actor and R&B singer. Robinson was born in Louisville, Kentucky, attended public schools in Greenville, SC, and later moved to the Evans suburb of Augusta, Georgia. While attending the University of Georgia, Robinson signed a recording contract with Motown Records, although the label never issued any of his material. Moving to Los Angeles and turning to acting, Robinson gained a starring role in the TV series \"Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue\" as Joel Rawlings, the Green Lightspeed Ranger. After the end of the series, he appeared in such films as \"Fat Albert\", and \"\". Robinson also appeared in such television series as \"American Dreams\", \"Monk\", and \"Over There\". Robinson and Obba Babatundé (who portrayed C.C. White in the original Broadway production of \"Dreamgirls\") both had recurring roles on the UPN series \"Half & Half\". Robinson recently played the role of Chester Fields, on Fox's \"Canterbury's Law\". Most recently, Robinson appeared in the supporting role of C.C. White in the film adaptation of the Broadway musical \"Dreamgirls\". The film includes a Robinson-led version of the \"Dreamgirls\" song \"Family\". Robinson joined his fellow \"Dreamgirls\" cast members to perform \"Patience\", one of the new songs written for the film, at the 79th Academy Awards ceremony. He appeared in the film \"This Christmas\". Robinson also performed in Comanche Moon:Road to Lonesome Dove. Keith Robinson (actor) Keith Robinson is an American actor and R&B singer. Robinson was born in Louisville, Kentucky, attended public schools in Greenville, SC, and later moved to the Evans suburb of Augusta, Georgia. While attending the University of Georgia, Robinson signed a recording contract with Motown Records, although the label never issued any of his material. Moving to Los Angeles and turning to acting, Robinson gained a starring role in the TV series \"Power"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"John Chipman Wade John Chipman Wade (1817 in Granville, Nova Scotia – January 1, 1892) was a Canadian politician and lawyer who served in both the Nova Scotia House of Assembly and the House of Commons of Canada. The son of John Wade and Harriet Chipman, Wade was educated at Annapolis Royal. He was called to the Nova Scotia bar in 1840. In 1842, Wade married Caroline Viets, the daughter of the Reverend Roger Viets. He represented Digby County in the provincial assembly from 1851 to 1867 and served as speaker for the assembly from 1864 to 1867. Wade supported Confederation which led to his defeat when he ran for reelection to the provincial assembly in 1867. He was named Queen's Counsel in 1867. Wade was elected as a Member of the historical Conservative Party in 1878 to the House of Commons in the riding of Digby in a by-election and re-elected in 1878. He was defeated in the election of 1882. John Chipman Wade John Chipman Wade (1817 in Granville, Nova Scotia – January 1, 1892) was a Canadian politician and lawyer who served in both the Nova Scotia House of Assembly and the House of Commons of Canada."
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Lower Mill, Dalham Lower Mill or Opposition Mill is a Grade II* listed smock mill at Dalham, Suffolk, England which has been preserved. \"Lower Mill\" or \"Opposition Mill\" was built in the 1790s by a Mr Ruffle. The sails were blown off in 1802. She was working until 1926 and by 1935 was in need of repairs. These were completed in 1938 but the mill again deteriorated until it was purchased in 1972 by Frank Farrow and restoration began with the intention of returning the mill to working order, assisted by grants from Suffolk County Council and the Historic Buildings Council for England. The windmill's restoration work was carried out by Gormley and Goodman Engineers of Warwickshire between 1979 and 1980. (see also Bromham Watermill and Stevington Windmill, Bedfordshire. \"Lower Mill\" is a three-storey smock mill on a single-storey brick base. It has a beehive cap with a gallery which was winded by a fantail. The four Patent sails were long and wide carried on a cast-iron windshaft. They drove three pairs of French Burr millstones which are mounted on a hurst frame on the first floor. Reference for above:- Lower Mill, Dalham Lower Mill or Opposition Mill is a"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Pioneer School The Pioneer School stands in an isolated location in Park County, Wyoming, about north of Clark, in the Clark Fork Valley near the Montana border. The frame structure is an example of a country school built to serve students in rural areas prior to the introduction of school bus routes to more centrally located facilities. Built in 1914, it operated until 1967. The Pioneer School is sited in an open area with a commanding view of the Absaroka Range. The 1-1/2 story building is set on a concrete daylight basement. The hipped roof covers the original single room and the northern music room addition. A gabled roof covers the teacherage addition. A bell tower marks the entrance on the south side between the main block and the teacherage. The original building was designed by architect Curtis Oehme and built by H.P. Anderson. Central heating with a coal furnace was added in 1930. The teacher age, consisting of a living room-kitchen and a bedroom, was added in 1953, along with indoor plumbing. Vernon Drake designed a music room addition in 1956, while the school was further modernized and converted to fuel oil heat. The student population varied between five and 28 students in grades 1 through 8 through 1957, after which grades 7 and 8 attended school in Belfrey, Montana. The school was deeded by the Powell School District in 1970 to the Pioneer Service Group as a community Center in 1970. Pioneer School The Pioneer School stands in an isolated location in Park County, Wyoming, about north of Clark, in the Clark Fork Valley near the Montana border. The frame structure is an example of a country school built to serve students in rural areas prior to the introduction of school bus routes to more centrally located facilities."
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Rupert Taylor Rupert Taylor (born 1958), is a Professor of Political Studies and former Head of the Department of Political Studies at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, from 1987 to 2013. He was educated at the progressive independent Dartington Hall School in England and completed a BA degree in Politics and Government at the University of Kent in 1980, followed by an MSc at the London School of Economics (1981) and a PhD in Sociology at Kent, (1986). He was formerly a Visiting Research Fellow in the Department of Political Science at the New School for Social Research in New York City, Adjunct Professor in the Department of Political Science at Columbia University and a Visiting Research Fellow in the School of Politics, Queen's University Belfast. Publications include articles in \"African Affairs\", \"Ethnic and Racial Studies\", \"Peace and Change\", \"The Political Quarterly\", \"Race and Class\", \"The Round Table\", and \"TELOS\". He was editor of \"Politikon\" and \"Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations\". Rupert Taylor is a “B” rated National Research Foundation scholar and many of his publications can be accessed at https://independent.academia.edu/RupertTaylor As a Masters student at the London School of Economics Taylor achieved the highest distinction grade for the degree. His doctoral dissertation highlighted the problems confronting Queen’s University Belfast in trying to maintain a liberal position in a deeply divided society and helped initiate the reform of sectarian employment practices in higher education in Northern Ireland. In 1984 his research findings were reported in the British and Irish media, and stimulated a Fair Employment Agency enquiry that resulted in new employment equity guidelines. Taylor’s doctoral research was acknowledged in John Whyte’s \"Interpreting Northern Ireland\" (Oxford University Press, 1990). Taylor's research interests include political violence, transitions to democracy and non-governmental organisations. He has written widely about South African politics and the Northern Ireland conflict. He has been critical of consociationalism as a strategy of conflict management. Whilst at the New School for Research in New York (1993–94), Taylor developed a deeper critique of the way in which political science has dealt with race and ethnicity (expounded in the Ethnic and Racial Studies award winning paper). This led him to propose a social transformation theory as a compelling way to bring about democratic peace in societies marked by racial and ethnic division – see his \"Northern Ireland: Consociation or Social Transformation\" chapter in John McGarry’s \"Northern Ireland and the Divided World\" (Oxford University Press, 2001). Taylor’s position on consociationalism is widely acknowledged in the political science literature on the Northern Ireland conflict and the South African transition from apartheid to democracy, a position consolidated with the recent publication of the edited volume on Consociational Theory (Routledge, 2009). Taylor participated in a two-year international study of peace and conflict organisations in Northern Ireland, Israel/Palestine and South Africa. This study was conducted in collaboration with the International Society for Third Sector Research (ISTR), involved academics from Princeton University, Ben Gurion University, Tel Aviv University, University of Ulster and Bethlehem University, and was presented at the ISTR conference in Geneva in 1998. This led to the publication of Gidron, Katz, and Hasenfeld (eds), \"Mobilizing for Peace\" (Oxford University Press, 2002). Taylor authored the chapter on South Africa. This book won the Virginia Hodgkinson Independent Sector research prize (2003). Taylor’s peer-reviewed papers on the causes of political violence in South Africa have been referred to in many international publications. One such paper, published in African Affairs (2002), examines the structural nature of post-apartheid political violence in KwaZulu-Natal. Another is the earlier Race and Class paper (1991) on township political violence. In \"The Politics of Truth and Reconciliation in South Africa\" (Cambridge University Press, 2001), Wilson wrote that “Rupert Taylor came up with sophisticated theories of apartheid violence.” Taylor wrote a number of papers on non-racialism in South Africa, and along with Orkin wrote a substantial chapter on the racialisation of social scientific research on South Africa that attracted a scholarly response in the \"South African Sociological Review\". Taylor has published two well-cited papers with Habib (Vice-Chancellor of Wits University) on opposition politics and the state of the South African nonprofit sector. In 2000 Taylor was appointed editor of the ISTR journal \"Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations\". As editor, he took the journal to Springer, a new major international publisher. As a result of Taylor’s editorial direction the global academic visibility of \"Voluntas\" dramatically increased. It is now an ISA-rated journal and the leading journal focusing on the scholarly study of the third sector. Taylor served as editor until 2009 and compiled an edited volume on Third Sector Research (Springer, 2010). Taylor was placed on special leave by Wits University in 2013 following allegations of sexual harassment, which he disputed, and was subsequently dismissed from his position. Rupert Taylor"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Ab Harrewijn Albert Bastiaan (Ab) Harrewijn (Giessen-Nieuwkerk, 22 November 1954 - Utrecht, 13 May 2002) was a Dutch GreenLeft politician. Harrewijn was a preacher who was a member of the Communist Party of the Netherlands (CPN). He was strongly committed to helping people in the lowest ranks of society: the homeless, social security claimants and addicts. He was active in the CPN at the municipal and provincial level. On 1 February 1995 Harrewijn became partijvoorzitter (chairman) of the GreenLeft Party, which had emerged after a merger of the CPN, the Christian left Evangelical People's Party and Political Party of Radicals and the left-socialist Pacifist Socialist Party in 1991. He remained in that position until the 1998 elections when he was elected to the House of Representatives of the Netherlands. Here he focused on defence and social affairs. This earned him the nickname \"General Ab\". As GreenLeft defence spokesperson, he was a member of the temporary committee on decision-making procedures for military operations. Harrewijn stood again in the 2002 elections. However, a few days before the 15 May election date he suffered a massive stroke, which ended his life two days before the election (the stroke may have been induced by the stress of the 6 May 2002 announcement of the murder of Pim Fortuyn). The Leftwing Cheek, the GreenLeft platform for religion and politics, instituted an Ab Harrewijn Prize in his honour, for creative, small initiatives for people in the lowest ranks of society. The National Client Council organizes a yearly lecture in his honour. In 2006 the Harrewijn Law was adopted. This was based on an initiative of Harrewijn and fellow GreenLeft MP Paul Rosenmöller, which seeks to inform works councils of the salaries of the top levels of management and its Board of directors. Ab Harrewijn Albert Bastiaan"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Raffaele Jerusalmi Raffaele Jerusalmi (Milan, March 21, 1961) is an Italian executive, CEO of Borsa Italiana S.p.A. After graduating in Economic and Social Disciplines at Bocconi University in 1988, Raffaele Jerusalmi started his career at Cimo S.p.A., in Milan. He, then, joined Credit Suisse First Boston in London heading trading for Italian fixed income securities from 1993 to 1998. In 1996 he also worked with the prop trading team. He joined Borsa Italiana S.p.A. in 1998, serving as Executive Director responsible for capital markets, derivatives and fixed income until 2007. Following the merger between Borsa Italiana and the London Stock Exchange, he became Executive Committee Member and Global Director of Capital Markets of the Group and, in 2010, he was appointed Board Member and CEO of Borsa Italiana as well as Board Member of the London Stock Exchange Group. Under his leadership, Borsa Italiana launched ELITE, a project implemented to support Italian SMEs through a portfolio of tools and services designed to boost their international growth. The ELITE program has been progressively exported in Europe and it currently counts 350 companies from more than 20 Countries. Currently, Mr. Jerusalmi is also Deputy Chairman of MTS, Monte Titoli and Cassa di Compensazione & Garanzia as well as venture partner of Texas Capital Partners venture capital fund. Raffaele Jerusalmi is married and has two daughters. Since his youth, he has a passion for chess: he was Italian Junior Champion at age 16 and he is Candidate Master of Chess at FIDE-World Chess Federation. Raffaele Jerusalmi Raffaele Jerusalmi (Milan, March 21, 1961) is an Italian executive, CEO of Borsa Italiana S.p.A. After graduating in Economic and Social Disciplines at Bocconi University in 1988, Raffaele Jerusalmi started his career at Cimo S.p.A., in Milan. He, then, joined Credit Suisse First Boston in London heading"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Incident at the Gaoping Tombs The Incident at the Gaoping Tombs was a \"coup d'état\" that took place on 5 February 249 in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period (220–280) of China. The parties involved were Cao Shuang and Sima Yi, who were both regents for the Cao Wei emperor Cao Fang, who was then about 17 years old. On that day, while Cao Shuang accompanied the emperor on a visit to the Gaoping Tombs, Sima Yi staged a \"coup d'état\" and took control of Luoyang, the imperial capital. Cao Shuang surrendered and gave up his powers to Sima Yi after receiving reassurance that he and his family would be spared. Later, Cao Shuang, his brothers and his supporters were charged with treason and executed along with their families. The \"coup d'état\" increased the Sima family's influence and paved the way for the eventual replacement of the Cao Wei regime by the Sima family's Jin dynasty in 265. In 239, the Cao Wei emperor Cao Rui died and was succeeded by his seven-year-old adopted son, Cao Fang. Before his death, Cao Rui named General-in-Chief Cao Shuang and Grand Commandant Sima Yi as the regents to assist Cao Fang. Cao Shuang wanted to dominate the Wei government so he used a series of political manoeuvres to consolidate and concentrate power in the hands of himself, his brothers Cao Xi (曹羲) and Cao Xun (曹訓), and their supporters. He heeded the advice of He Yan, Deng Yang and Ding Mi (丁謐), and relocated Empress Dowager Guo (Cao Rui's widow) to Yongning Palace (永寧宮) so that she could not interfere in politics. He also put his brothers in command of the military, promoted his close aides to higher positions in the imperial court, and made changes to the political structure to benefit himself and his clique. Sima Yi tried to stop Cao Shuang but failed to. Cao Shuang became increasingly distrustful and wary of Sima Yi. In June 246, Sima Yi claimed that he was ill and withdrew from the political scene. At the time, there was a saying in Luoyang which goes: \"He (Yan), Deng (Yang) and Ding (Mi) create turmoil in the imperial capital.\" In April or May 248, Zhang Dang (張當), a palace eunuch, illegally transferred 11 women out of the imperial harem and presented them to Cao Shuang to be his concubines. Cao Shuang and his close aides thought that Sima Yi was seriously ill and could no longer do anything, so they plotted with Zhang Dang to overthrow the emperor Cao Fang and put Cao Shuang on the throne. However, they were still wary of Sima Yi and did not lower their guard against him. At the time, Li Sheng, one of Cao Shuang's supporters, had been recently reassigned to be the Inspector of Jing Province. Cao Shuang secretly instructed him to check if Sima Yi was as ill as he claimed, so Li Sheng visited Sima Yi before leaving for Jing Province. Sima Yi knew the true purpose of Li Sheng's visit, so he pretended to be frail and feeble. Li Sheng saw that Sima Yi could not move around and wear clothes without help from his servants, and could not even consume congee without soiling his clothes. He then told Sima Yi, \"Everyone thought that your illness was a minor one; alas, who expected you to be in such poor health?\" Sima Yi pretended to cough and pant as he replied, \"I'm old and sick and I'm going to die soon. When you go to Bing Province, you should be careful because it is near barbarian territory. We might not see each other again, so I entrust my sons Shi and Zhao to your care.\" Li Sheng said, \"I'm returning to my home province, not Bing Province.\" Sima Yi pretended to mishear and he said, \"You're going to Bing Province, aren't you?\" Li Sheng then said, \"My home province is Jing Province.\" Sima Yi replied, \"I'm so old and weak that I can't even hear you. So now you're going back to your home province. It's time for you to make some glorious achievements!\" Li Sheng returned to Cao Shuang and told him, \"Sima Yi is dying soon and no longer of sound mind. There's nothing for you to worry about.\" Later, he said, \"It's sad to see that the Grand Tutor is no longer in a good state of health to serve.\" Cao Shuang lowered his guard against Sima Yi. On 5 February 249, Cao Shuang and his brothers accompanied the emperor Cao Fang on a visit to the Gaoping Tombs (高平陵) to pay respect to the late emperor and Cao Fang's father, Cao Rui. On that day, Sima Yi seized the opportunity to stage a \"coup d'état\" against his co-regent. He went to Yongning Palace to meet Empress Dowager Guo and ask her to remove Cao Shuang and his brothers from power. In the meantime, he ordered his eldest son Sima Shi to lead his troops to the palace gates. After meeting the empress dowager, Sima Yi went to the camp where Cao Shuang's troops were based. Yan Shi (嚴世), one of Cao Shuang's subordinates, prepared to fire an arrow at Sima Yi but his colleague Sun Qian (孫謙) stopped him and said, \"We wouldn't know what will happen.\" This process repeated three times. Huan Fan, the Minister of Finance (大司農) and one of Cao Shuang's supporters, managed to escape from Luoyang and head to the Gaoping Tombs. When Jiang Ji, the Grand Commandant (太尉), told Sima Yi that the \"bag of wisdom\" (Huan Fan's nickname) was gone, Sima Yi replied that they did not need to worry because he knew that Cao Shuang would not heed Huan Fan's advice. Sima Yi then granted imperial authority to Gao Rou, the Minister over the Masses (司徒), appointed him as acting General-in-Chief (大將軍), ordered him to take command of Cao Shuang's troops. He also told Gao Rou, \"You're now like Zhou Bo.\" He also appointed Wang Guan, the Minister Coachman (太僕), as acting Commandant of the Central Army (中領軍) and ordered him to seize command of the troops under Cao Shuang's brother Cao Xi (曹羲). Sima Yi, along with Jiang Ji and others, led troops out of Luoyang to the floating bridge above the Luo River, where he sent a memorial to the emperor Cao Fang, listing out Cao Shuang's \"crimes\" (e.g. not fulfilling his duty as regent, corrupting the government, conspiring with Zhang Dang) and requesting the emperor to remove Cao Shuang and his brothers from their positions of power. Cao Shuang blocked the memorial from reaching Cao Fang and left the emperor at the south of the Yi River while ordering his men to cut down trees to build anti-cavalry blockades and station about 1,000 troops nearby to guard against Sima Yi's advances. During this time, Huan Fan advised Cao Shuang to bring the emperor to Xuchang, denounce Sima Yi as a traitor, and call on all military forces throughout Wei to attack Sima Yi. Cao Shuang refused to listen to Huan Fan, and that night he sent Xu Yun (許允) and Chen Tai to meet Sima Yi. Sima Yi explained to them he only wanted Cao Shuang to surrender and give up his powers. He also sent Yin Damu (尹大目), whom Cao Shuang highly trusted, to further persuade Cao Shuang to surrender. When Cao Shuang wanted to agree, Huan Fan attempted to stop him but Cao Shuang ultimately did not heed his advice. Cao Shuang said, \"Sima Yi only wants to take away my powers. I can still return home as a marquis and live in luxury and comfort.\" Huan Fan could only sigh and thump his chest in frustration. Cao Shuang then let Cao Fang read Sima Yi's memorial and agreed to surrender and relinquish his powers. After returning to Luoyang, on 9 February 249 Cao Shuang was charged with plotting treason with the palace eunuch Zhang Dang (張當) and his associates He Yan, Ding Mi, Deng Yang, Bi Gui and Li Sheng. They were executed on the same day along with the rest of their families and relatives. Jiang Ji had attempted to persuade Sima Yi to spare Cao Shuang and his brothers in consideration of the meritorious service rendered by their father Cao Zhen, but Sima Yi refused. Lu Zhi (魯芝) and Yang Zong (楊綜), two of Cao Shuang's subordinates, had previously tried to stop Cao Shuang from surrendering to Sima Yi. After Cao Shuang was arrested, Lu Zhi and Yang Zong were also implicated and arrested as well. However, Sima Yi pardoned and released them. Earlier on, when Huan Fan",
"and relinquish his powers. After returning to Luoyang, on 9 February 249 Cao Shuang was charged with plotting treason with the palace eunuch Zhang Dang (張當) and his associates He Yan, Ding Mi, Deng Yang, Bi Gui and Li Sheng. They were executed on the same day along with the rest of their families and relatives. Jiang Ji had attempted to persuade Sima Yi to spare Cao Shuang and his brothers in consideration of the meritorious service rendered by their father Cao Zhen, but Sima Yi refused. Lu Zhi (魯芝) and Yang Zong (楊綜), two of Cao Shuang's subordinates, had previously tried to stop Cao Shuang from surrendering to Sima Yi. After Cao Shuang was arrested, Lu Zhi and Yang Zong were also implicated and arrested as well. However, Sima Yi pardoned and released them. Earlier on, when Huan Fan escaped from Luoyang to join Cao Shuang at the Gaoping Tombs, he met Si Fan (司蕃), who was guarding the Changping Gate. As Si Fan used to serve under Huan Fan, he trusted Huan Fan and allowed him to pass through. Once he was out of Luoyang, Huan Fan turned back and told Si Fan, \"The Imperial Tutor (Sima Yi) is planning to commit treason. You should come with me!\" Si Fan followed Huan Fan but could not keep up so he gave up and retreated. After the \"coup d'état\", Si Fan surrendered himself to Sima Yi and told him what happened earlier. Sima Yi asked, \"What's the punishment for falsely accusing someone of treason?\" \"According to the law, the one who makes the false accusation shall be punished for treason,\" came the reply. Huan Fan was then executed along with the rest of his family, just like Cao Shuang and his supporters. In March 249, Cao Fang appointed Sima Yi as Imperial Chancellor (丞相), increased the size of Sima Yi's marquisate and awarded him additional privileges. However, Sima Yi declined the appointment of Imperial Chancellor. In January 250, when Cao Fang granted him the nine bestowments, he refused to accept again. In February or March, Cao Fang had an ancestral shrine built for the Sima family in Luoyang, increased the size of Sima Yi's personal staff, promoted some of Sima Yi's personal staff, and enfeoffed Sima Yi's sons Sima Rong (司馬肜) and Sima Lun as village marquises. In 251, Wang Ling and his nephew Linghu Yu (令狐愚) plotted a rebellion in Shouchun aimed at overthrowing Sima Yi and replacing Cao Fang with Cao Biao. Sima Yi knew that Wang Ling was plotting a rebellion and showed up near Wang Ling's base before Wang Ling could do anything. Wang Ling surrendered and committed suicide later while he was being escorted as a prisoner to Luoyang. Sima Yi had Wang Ling's co-conspirators, including Cao Biao, arrested and executed along with their families. After Sima Yi's death in September 251, his sons Sima Shi and Sima Zhao continued to control the Wei government and eliminate any form of political opposition. The Cao family's influence in Wei weakened over time as the Sima family's became stronger. In 265, Sima Zhao's son, Sima Yan, usurped the throne from Cao Huan and replaced the Cao Wei state with the Jin dynasty with himself as the new emperor. In the seventh instalment of Koei's \"Dynasty Warriors\" video game series, a stage is dedicated to the initial \"coup d'état\" against Cao Shuang, while the other two are mentioned in the narration. Cao Fang's visit to the tombs is not mentioned in the game; instead, he is mentioned to be on a hunting trip with Cao Shuang. Incident at the Gaoping Tombs The Incident at the Gaoping Tombs was a \"coup d'état\" that took place on 5 February 249 in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period (220–280) of China. The parties involved were Cao Shuang and Sima Yi, who were both regents for the Cao Wei emperor Cao Fang, who was then about 17 years old. On that day, while Cao Shuang accompanied the emperor on a visit to the Gaoping Tombs, Sima Yi staged a \"coup d'état\" and took control of Luoyang, the imperial capital. Cao Shuang surrendered"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Irish Tour '74 Irish Tour '74 is the sixth album by Rory Gallagher. It is a live album compiled from performances during Gallagher's Irish Tour in January 1974. The source concerts were recorded at Belfast Ulster Hall, Dublin Carlton Cinema and Cork City Hall using Ronnie Lane's Mobile Studio. \"Back on My Stompin' Ground (After Hours)\" was recorded from a jam session during the tour. \"Irish Tour '74\" has sold in excess of two million copies worldwide. An article in a Belfast daily newspaper stated: \"Rory Gallagher never forgot Northern Ireland, he returned throughout the '70s when few other artists of his calibre dared come near the place.\" Gallagher never enjoyed going into the studio to make records. Playing to a live audience was essential, he thought, to get the real energy needed for the kind of music he wanted to play. The members of his band felt the same way. Speaking about the Irish tour album keyboardist Lou Martin said \"Albums were always done in a rush because we were on the road so much, and then we’d come back to London and it could be two weeks – like \"Blueprint\" was done in two weeks – and that is ridiculous... but Irish Tour was an absolute highlight... the band came to fruition in the \"Calling Card\" days, by that time we were well seasoned … everybody knew everybody else’s style of playing... The studio was not the best environment for recording. He wasn’t at his most comfortable or happiest, I mean a lot of people really adapted to it really well like The Allman Brothers or Little Feat. With Rory, if he didn’t have somebody to look at then he couldn’t feed off the energy. That’s why Irish Tour is such a good bloody album because it was recorded live, he got the crowd there with him singing along and sort of like urging him along… without the presence of an audience the recording process for Rory was a bit of a strain\" Gallagher's 1974 tour of Ireland coincided with one of the most tumultuous times in Belfast. Violence from IRA was erupting throughout the city even at rock concerts. As a result, most rock acts refused to play in the city. The day before Gallagher's scheduled concert in Belfast ten bombs went off at various locations around the city. Everyone expected Gallagher to cancel as all the other big names had but he went on with the concert and was rewarded with one of his best shows. A local Belfast journalist writing to describe the concert and the feeling said \"I've never seen anything quite so wonderful, so stirring, so uplifting, so joyous as when Gallagher and the band walked on stage. The whole place erupted, they all stood and they cheered and they yelled, and screamed, and they put their arms up, and they embraced. Then as one unit they put their arms into the air and gave peace signs. Without being silly, or overemotional, it was one of the most memorable moments of my life. It all meant something, it meant more than just rock n' roll, it was something bigger, something more valid than just that.\" Additionally, rock film director Tony Palmer filmed many of the concerts on the tour. He originally planned to use it for a television special, but he later found the footage so good that he released it as a theatrical motion picture. The accompanying album would be considered the \"soundtrack\" of the film. All tracks composed by Rory Gallagher unless stated. Side One Side Two Side Three Side Four (a) On first Spanish double vinyl 1974 edition, the track 10 is \"Just a little Bit\" instead of \"Maritime\". (a) On the re-released (in a digital remastered) CD-version in 1998 there was the song \"Just a Little Bit\" as number 10 before \"Maritime\". This track is available as a bonus track on the remastered CD-version of Gallagher's 1973 album \"Tattoo\". It is written by Rosco Gordon. On October 20, 2014, Sony Music and Legacy Recordings released a deluxe, 7-CD/1-DVD box set to commemorate the album's 40th anniversary. Discs 1 & 2<br> Cork (5th of January 1974) Discs 3 & 4<br> Dublin (2nd of January 1974) Discs 5 & 6<br> Belfast (29th of December 1973) Disc 7<br> City Hall in Session (3rd of January 1974) Disc 8 (DVD)<br> \"Irish Tour '74\" (film) Irish Tour '74 Irish Tour '74 is the sixth album by Rory Gallagher. It is a live album compiled from performances during Gallagher's Irish Tour in January 1974. The source concerts were recorded at Belfast Ulster Hall, Dublin Carlton Cinema and Cork City Hall using Ronnie Lane's Mobile Studio. \"Back on My Stompin' Ground (After Hours)\" was recorded from a jam session during the tour. \"Irish Tour '74\" has"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Epeirogenic movement In geology, epeirogenic movement (from Greek \"epeiros\", land, and \"genesis\", birth) is upheavals or depressions of land exhibiting long wavelengths and little folding apart from broad undulations. The broad central parts of continents are called cratons, and are subject to epeirogeny. The movement may be one of subsidence toward, or of uplift from, the centre of the Earth. The movement is caused by a set of forces acting along an Earth radius, such as those contributing to isostasy and faulting in the lithosphere. Epeirogenic movement can be permanent or transient. Transient uplift can occur over a thermal anomaly due to convecting anomalously hot mantle, and disappears when convection wanes. Permanent uplift can occur when igneous material is injected into the crust, and circular or elliptical structural uplift (that is, without folding) over a large radius (tens to thousands of km) is one characteristic of a mantle plume. In contrast to epeirogenic movement, orogenic movement is a more complicated deformation of the Earth's crust, associated with crustal thickening, notably associated with the convergence of tectonic plates. Such plate convergence forms orogenic belts that are characterized by \"the folding and faulting of layers of rock, by the intrusion of magma, and by volcanism\". Epeirogenic movements may divert rivers and create drainage divides by upwarping of the crust along axes. Example of this is the deflection of Eridanos River in the Pliocene Epoch by the uplift of the South Swedish Dome or the present-day drainage divides between Limpopo and Zambezi rivers in southern Africa. Epeirogenic movement has caused the southern Rocky Mountain region to be uplifted from 1300 to 2000 m since the Eocene. This followed and is distinct from the creation of the Rocky Mountains during the Laramide Orogeny during the Late Cretaceous–early Cenozoic. The uplift is interpreted as due to lithospheric heating resulting from thinning and the intrusion of widespread middle Tertiary batholiths of relatively low density. The South Swedish Dome has been uplifted and subsided multiple times by epeirogenic movements since the Cambrian leading to the uplift, tilting and partial erosion of the Sub-Cambrian peneplain. The doming has resulted in the formation of a piedmonttreppen relief in southern Sweden. Epeirogenic movement In geology, epeirogenic movement (from Greek \"epeiros\", land, and \"genesis\", birth) is upheavals or depressions of land exhibiting long wavelengths and little folding apart from broad undulations. The broad central parts of continents are called cratons, and"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Midnight in Sicily Midnight in Sicily is an English-language book on Italy written by Peter Robb. The book was first published in 1996. Spending fourteen years in southern Italy, Peter Robb recounts his journey into the Italian mezzogiorno - chiefly Sicily, but also Naples, and reveals its culture, history, art, literature and politics. The book also explores the dysfunction and impunity that intertwined with the organised crime world or Mafia world of the area from the post World War II era up to the 1990s, and the role of seven-time prime minister Giulio Andreotti. \"New York Times\" wrote in their review— \"Midnight in Sicily\" is packed densely with events and characters that remain distinct even as Robb skips through time and place. Midnight in Sicily Midnight in Sicily is an English-language book on Italy written by Peter Robb. The book was first published in 1996. Spending fourteen years in southern Italy, Peter Robb recounts his journey into the Italian mezzogiorno - chiefly Sicily, but also Naples, and reveals its culture, history, art, literature and politics. The book also explores the dysfunction and impunity that intertwined with the organised crime world or Mafia world of the area from the post World"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Himerios (admiral) Himerios (Greek: ), also Himerius, was a Byzantine administrator and admiral of the early 10th century, best known as the commander of the Byzantine navy during its struggles with the resurgent Muslim navies in the period 900–912. Nothing is known about Himerios's early life. He was the uncle of Zoe Karbonopsina, the mistress and later wife of Emperor Leo VI the Wise (r. 886–912), and his career was the direct result of this relationship. Initially a \"protasēkrētis\", Himerios was appointed in command of the Byzantine fleet in 904. A Muslim fleet under Leo of Tripoli was heading towards Constantinople and had already driven back the Byzantines under the \"droungarios tou ploimou\" Eustathios Argyros. Eustathios was replaced by Himerios, who, however, did not have to fight, as the Arabs withdrew on their own. The two fleets encountered each other off Thasos, but the Byzantines chose not to give battle. As a result, the Arabs were able to besiege and sack Thessalonica, the Byzantine Empire's second-largest city, and sail home unopposed. On St. Thomas's day (6 October) in 906, Himerios managed to score his first victory over the Arabs, and it was probably then that he was awarded the high state office of \"logothetēs tou dromou\" (effectively foreign minister). Another victory followed in 909, and in the next year, he led an expedition on the Syrian coast: Laodicea was sacked, its hinterland plundered, and many prisoners captured, with minimal losses. At the same time, Himerios also landed on Cyprus, which for centuries had been demilitarized as a condominium with the Caliphate. The recovery of the island was temporary only, as in 911 or 912, Damian of Tarsus assaulted Cyprus. Eventually, the previous \"status quo\" was restored. In meantime, in the autumn of 911, Himerios had set out on a new attempt to retake Crete. He commanded a fleet of 177 dromons with 43,000 men, and set the island's capital, Chandax, under siege. The siege had lasted for six months, when news arrived from Constantinople that the emperor was ill and dying. Consequently, Himerios abandoned the fruitless siege and set sail for the capital. However, as his fleet was rounding Chios, they fell into a Saracen ambush set by Leo of Tripoli and Damian of Tarsus (April 912): the Byzantines were annihilated, and Himerios himself only narrowly escaped. Following this defeat and the death of Emperor Leo, he was dismissed by the new emperor, Alexander (r. 912–913), and exiled to the monastery of Kamba, where he died six months later. Himerios (admiral) Himerios (Greek: ), also Himerius, was a Byzantine administrator and admiral of the early 10th century, best known as the commander of the Byzantine navy during its struggles with the resurgent Muslim navies in the period 900–912. Nothing is known about Himerios's early life. He was the uncle of Zoe Karbonopsina, the mistress and later wife of Emperor Leo VI the Wise (r. 886–912), and his career was the direct result of this relationship. Initially a \"protasēkrētis\", Himerios was"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Stirling Miners' County Union The Stirling Miners County Union was a trade union representing coal miners in the Stirlingshire area of Scotland. The union originated the Stirlingshire, Forth and Clyde Valley Miners' Association. Founded in 1886, it was initially led by Chisholm Robertson and in 1894 was a founder constituent of the Scottish Miners' Federation. However, it withdrew the following year after Robertson fell out with the leadership of the Federation over strike pay. William Webb took over as secretary, but membership fell from 3,000 to only 800 and in 1899 the Stirlingshire miners reconstituted their union separately from the Forth and Clyde Valley miners. Although the Stirling Miners County Union initially had only 342 members, it reached a peak membership of 7,500 in 1910. In 1945, it was merged with other unions to form the Stirling and Lothians Area of the National Union of Mineworkers. Stirling Miners' County Union The Stirling Miners County Union was a trade union representing coal miners in the Stirlingshire area of Scotland. The union originated the Stirlingshire, Forth and Clyde Valley Miners' Association. Founded in 1886, it was initially led by Chisholm Robertson and in 1894 was a founder constituent of the Scottish Miners'"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Cross Gates–Wetherby line The Cross Gates–Wetherby line is a former railway line in West Yorkshire, England, between Cross gates, near Leeds, and Wetherby. The line opened 1876 and closed 1964. Construction began in 1871, with the work contracted to Thomas Nelson of Carlisle. Works on the line included over a dozen cuttings, and a similar number of embankments, with the cutting between Thorner and Seacroft being deep with a volume of ; the largest bridge on the line was over the River Wharfe with twin spans of with a central pier of two cast iron columns. The line ran from \"Cross Gates East Junction\" east of Cross Gates railway station on the Leeds and Selby Railway, to Wetherby (Linton Road) railway station, then connecting at a junction (later \"East junction\") on the Harrogate to Church Fenton Line at west of Wetherby (York Road) railway station. The from Cross Gates to Wetherby took four years to construct and it was opened on 1 May 1876. The line was doubled in 1901 and a new south-west curve was built at Wetherby; running from \"West junction\" to \"North junction\", forming a wye junction north and west of both the Wetherby stations. The line closed to passengers on 6 January 1964. In recent years there have been calls to bring rail services back to Wetherby by Labour and Conservative Wetherby MPs Colin Burgon and Alec Shelbrooke. Ideas have centred on both re-opening the Cross Gates–Wetherby line (which would require re-routing where houses have been built over the line in Collingham and Bardsey). Recently, however, after a high-speed railway to Leeds has been approved, an anticipated further line coming out of Leeds and heading north has been considered as a means to develop a new link to the town. The exact route of this is unknown and the high-speed system has only been approved as far as Leeds. Cross Gates–Wetherby line The Cross Gates–Wetherby line is a former railway line in West Yorkshire, England, between Cross gates, near Leeds, and Wetherby. The line opened 1876 and closed 1964. Construction began in 1871, with the work contracted to Thomas Nelson of Carlisle. Works on the line included over a dozen cuttings, and a similar number of embankments, with the cutting between Thorner and Seacroft being deep with a volume of ; the largest bridge on the line was over the River Wharfe with twin spans of"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"S. P. Hinduja Srichand Parmanand Hinduja (born 28 November 1935) is an Indian-born British billionaire business magnate, investor, and philanthropist. He is the primary shareholder and chairman of Hinduja Group of companies. As of May 2017, together with his brother Gopichand he is the UK's richest man. Since the 1990s, he has been consistently ranked among the UK and Asia's wealthiest people. In May 2017, Hinduja topped the \"Sunday Times\" Rich List with an estimated wealth of GBP 16.2 billion ($21 billion). Based on the rich list compiled by Asian Media & Marketing Group, Hinduja's wealth is estimated at GBP 19 billion ($24.7 billion). The \"Forbes\" List in March 2016 ranked him and his brother GP as the world's 58th richest billionaire family with an estimated wealth of $16.4 billion. Srichand Parmanand Hinduja was born on 28 November 1935 in Karachi, Sindh province, British India. The second son of Parmanand Deepchand Hinduja and Jamuna Parmanand Hinduja. He was educated at Davar's College of Commerce and R. D. National College, both in Mumbai. Alongside his younger brothers Gopichand, Prakash, and Ashok, Hinduja is known as the patriarch of India's \"fab four\". Hinduja began his career in his father's textile and trading businesses in Mumbai, India, and Tehran, Iran. One of his first big coups, in the early 1960s, was the acquisition of the overseas rights to the Indian blockbuster \"Sangam\". Hinduja distributed and promoted the film in Middle Eastern markets and its success earned him millions. Other successful businesses Hinduja initiated in his early career included the sale of food commodities (onions and potatoes) and iron ore from India to Iran. With the acquisition of Ashok Leyland (from British Leyland) and Gulf Oil (from Chevron) in the 1980s and the establishment of banks in Switzerland and India in the 1990s, Hinduja became one of India's best known business tycoons alongside such names as Tata, Birla, and Ambani. In 2012, the Group acquired the US firm Houghton International, the world's largest metal fluids manufacturer, for $1.045 billion. Hinduja's business approach is conservative and opportunist, investing in diversified business sectors ranging from oil & gas, banking & finance, and IT to real estate, energy & chemicals, power, and media & entertainment. In 2014, Hinduja was the UK's wealthiest person, with an estimated wealth of GBP 11.9 billion ($20.04 billion) according to the \"Sunday Times\" Rich List. As of March 2016, \"Forbes\" ranks SP and GP Hinduja as the 58th richest in the world, with a net worth of $15.2 billion. This makes him the 4th wealthiest Indian-origin business magnate in the world. The October 2013 issue of \"Forbes Life\" estimates the Hinduja home in London's Carlton House Terrace down the Mall from Buckingham Palace to be worth $500 million, making it the third most expensive private home in the world. Hinduja is married to Madhu Srichand Hinduja, and they have two daughters. In 1988, their daughter Shanu married Suren Mukhi, the son of Narsi and Janki Mukhi, another London-based Sindhi trading family. Their other daughter, Vinoo Srichand Hinduja is on the board of management for the P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre in Mumbai. On 19 May 1992, their only son, Dharam Hinduja, died a few days after receiving 70% burns from self-immolation in a hotel room in Mauritius, as part of a suicide pact with his wife, who survived. He had secretly married Ninotchka Sargon, a Roman Catholic Australian, at Chelsea Register Office in January that year. Hinduja is a teetotaler and a strict vegetarian. He is known to bring his own vegetarian food to the Queen's banquets at Buckingham Palace. S. P. Hinduja Srichand Parmanand Hinduja (born 28 November 1935) is an Indian-born British billionaire business magnate, investor, and philanthropist. He is the primary shareholder and chairman of Hinduja Group of companies. As of May 2017, together with his brother Gopichand he is the UK's richest man. Since the 1990s, he has been consistently ranked among the UK and Asia's wealthiest people. In May 2017, Hinduja topped the \"Sunday Times\" Rich List with an estimated wealth of GBP 16.2 billion ($21 billion). Based on the rich list compiled by Asian Media & Marketing Group, Hinduja's wealth is estimated at"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"1. Angela Merkel, Chancellor of Germany \n 2. Dilma Rousseff, 36th President of Brazil. \n 3. Melinda Gates, Co-founder of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation \n 4. Michelle Obama, First Lady of the United States \n 5. Hillary Clinton, United States Secretary of State \n 6. Sheryl Sandberg, COO of Facebook \n 7. Christine Lagarde, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund \n 8. Janet Napolitano, United States Secretary of Homeland Security \n 9. Sonia Gandhi, President of the Indian National Congress party \n 10. Indra Nooyi, Chairperson and Chief Executive Officer of PepsiCo \n\n\n 1. Angela Merkel, Chancellor of Germany \n 2. Janet Yellen, Chair of the Federal Reserve of the United States \n 3. Melinda Gates, Co-founder of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation \n 4. Dilma Rousseff, President of Brazil \n 5. Christine Lagarde, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund \n 6. Hillary Clinton, Former United States Secretary of State \n 7. Mary Barra, CEO of General Motors \n 8. Michelle Obama, First Lady of the United States \n 9. Sheryl Sandberg, COO of Facebook \n 10. Virginia Rometty, CEO of IBM \n\n\n 1. Angela Merkel, Chancellor of Germany \n 2. Hillary Clinton, United States Secretary of State \n 3. Dilma Rousseff, President of Brazil \n 4. Indra Nooyi, Chairperson and Chief Executive Officer of PepsiCo \n 5. Sheryl Sandberg, COO of Facebook \n 6. Melinda Gates, Co-founder of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation \n 7. Sonia Gandhi, President of the Indian National Congress party \n 8. Michelle Obama, First Lady of the United States \n 9. Christine Lagarde, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund \n 10. Irene Rosenfeld, Chairperson and Chief Executive Officer of Mondelēz International \n\n\n Since 2004, Forbes has compiled a list of the 100 most powerful women in the world. It is edited by notable Forbes journalists, including Moira Forbes, and is based on visibility and economic impact. German Chancellor Angela Merkel has remained at the top spot since 2006, with the brief exception of 2010 where she was temporarily supplanted by the then U.S. First Lady Michelle Obama. \n 1. Angela Merkel, Chancellor of Germany \n 2. Hillary Clinton, Presidential candidate of the United States \n 3. Janet Yellen, Chair of the Federal Reserve of the United States \n 4. Melinda Gates, Co-founder of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation \n 5. Mary Barra, CEO of General Motors \n 6. Christine Lagarde, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund \n 7. Sheryl Sandberg, COO of Facebook \n 8. Susan Wojcicki, CEO of YouTube \n 9. Meg Whitman, CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise \n 10. Ana Patricia Botín, Executive Chairman of Banco Santander \n\n\n 1. Angela Merkel, Chancellor of Germany \n 2. Hillary Clinton, United States Secretary of State \n 3. Dilma Rousseff, President of Brazil \n 4. Melinda Gates, Co-founder of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation \n 5. Jill Abramson, Executive Editor of The New York Times \n 6. Sonia Gandhi, President of the Indian National Congress party \n 7. Michelle Obama, First Lady of the United States \n 8. Christine Lagarde, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund \n 9. Janet Napolitano, United States Secretary of Homeland Security \n 10. Sheryl Sandberg, COO of Facebook \n\n\n 1. Michelle Obama, First Lady of the United States \n 2. Irene Rosenfeld, Chairperson and Chief Executive Officer of Mondelēz International \n 3. Oprah Winfrey \n 4. Angela Merkel, Chancellor of Germany \n 5. Hillary Clinton, United States Secretary of State \n 6. Indra Nooyi, Chairperson and Chief Executive Officer of PepsiCo \n 7. Lady Gaga \n 8. Gail Kelly \n 9. Beyoncé Knowles \n 10. Ellen DeGeneres \n\n\n 1. Condoleezza Rice \n 2. Wu Yi \n 3. Yulia Tymoshenko \n 4. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo \n 5. Margaret Whitman \n 6. Anne Mulcahy \n 7. Sallie Krawcheck \n 8. Brenda Barnes \n 9. Oprah Winfrey \n 10. Melinda Gates \n\n\n 1. Angela Merkel \n 2. Wu Yi \n 3. Ho Ching \n 4. Condoleezza Rice \n 5. Indra Nooyi \n 6. Sonia Gandhi \n 7. Cynthia Carroll \n 8. Patricia Woertz \n 9. Irene Rosenfeld \n 10. Patricia Russo \n\n\n 1. Angela Merkel \n 2. Sheila Bair \n 3. Indra Nooyi \n 4. Angela Braly \n 5. Cynthia Carroll \n 6. Irene Rosenfeld \n 7. Condoleezza Rice \n 8. Ho Ching \n 9. Anne Lauvergeon \n 10. Anne Mulcahy \n\n\n 1. Condoleezza Rice \n 2. Wu Yi \n 3. Sonia Gandhi \n 4. Laura Bush \n 5. Hillary Clinton \n 6. Sandra Day O'Connor \n 7. Ruth Bader Ginsburg \n 8. Megawati Sukarnoputri \n 9. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo \n 10. Carly Fiorina \n\n\n 1. Angela Merkel, Chancellor of Germany \n 2. Theresa May, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom \n 3. Melinda Gates, Co-founder of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation \n 4. Sheryl Sandberg, COO of Facebook \n 5. Mary Barra, CEO of General Motors \n 6. Susan Wojcicki, CEO of YouTube \n 7. Abigail Johnson, President-CEO of Fidelity Investments \n 8. Christine Lagarde, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund \n 9. Ana Patricia Botín, Executive Chairman of Banco Santander \n 10. Ginni Rometty, CEO of IBM \n\n\n 1. Angela Merkel \n 2. Sheila Bair \n 3. Indra Nooyi \n 4. Cynthia Carroll \n 5. Ho Ching \n 6. Irene Rosenfeld \n 7. Ellen Kullman \n 8. Angela Braly \n 9. Anne Lauvergeon \n 10. Lynn Elsenhans \n\n\n 1. Angela Merkel, Chancellor of Germany \n 2. Hillary Clinton, Presidential candidate of the United States \n 3. Melinda Gates, Co-founder of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation \n 4. Janet Yellen, Chair of the Federal Reserve of the United States \n 5. Mary Barra, CEO of General Motors \n 6. Taylor Swift, Songwriter and performer \n 7. Dilma Rousseff, President of Brazil \n 8. Sheryl Sandberg, COO of Facebook \n 9. Susan Wojcicki, CEO of YouTube \n 10. Michelle Obama, First Lady of the United States \n\n\n 1. Angela Merkel \n 2. Condoleezza Rice \n 3. Wu Yi \n 4. Indra Nooyi \n 5. Anne Mulcahy \n 6. Sallie Krawcheck \n 7. Patricia Woertz \n 8. Anne Lauvergeon \n 9. Brenda Barnes \n 10. Zoe Cruz"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"John Sadleir John Sadleir (1813 – 17 February 1856) was an Irish financier and politician, who became notorious as a political turncoat, and committed suicide after the failure of his financial speculations. He served as the model for several fictional portrayals of speculators who come to ruin. He was the third son of Clement William Sadleir, a tenant farmer of Shrone Hill, County Tipperary, and his wife, a daughter of James Scully, who founded a private bank in Tipperary town. He was educated at Clongowes College. He qualified as a solicitor, and took over a lucrative practice in Dublin from his uncle. About 1846 he abandoned the law to enter politics, and to join his brother John and their cousin, the younger James Scully, in a disastrous banking venture, the Tipperary Joint Stock Bank. He entered the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1847 as a Member of Parliament for Carlow. Sadleir co-founded the Catholic Defence Association in 1851 and was one of the leading figures in the Independent Irish Party which held the balance of power in the House of Commons when it formed in 1852. He went on to hold minor office in Lord Aberdeen's coalition government from 1852 through 1854: since he had been elected on an explicit pledge not to take office, his decision caused outrage in Ireland, and he was never forgiven for what was seen as an shameless betrayal of his principles. He resigned his ministerial position in 1854 when he was found guilty of being implicated in a plot to imprison a depositor of the Tipperary Bank because the individual in question had refused to vote for him. By February 1856 the Tipperary Bank was insolvent, owing to Sadleir's overdraft of £288,000. His own financial affairs were ruinous, and in his efforts to solve his problems he milked the London Bank, ruined a small Newcastle upon Tyne bank, sold forged shares of the Swedish Railway Company, raised money on forged deeds, and spent rents of properties he held in receivership and money entrusted to him as a solicitor. In this way he disposed of more than £1.5 million, mainly in disastrous speculations. Unable to face the consequences, he committed suicide near Jack Straw's Tavern on Hampstead Heath on 17 February 1856 by drinking prussic acid. \"The Times\" reported that \"[t]he body of Mr J. Sadleir M.P. was found on Sunday morning, February 17 on Hampstead Heath, at a considerable distance from the public road. A large bottle labelled \"Oil of Bitter Almonds\" and a jug also containing the poison (prussic acid) lay by his side.\" The body was identified by Edwin James QC MP and Thomas Wakley MP, editor of The Lancet. His brother James Sadleir, also an MP, was found to be deeply implicated in the fraud, having conspired with his younger brother. He was expelled from the House of Commons on 16 February 1857. He fled to the Continent, settling in Zurich and then Geneva. He was murdered there in 1881 while being robbed of his gold watch. John Sadleir was buried in an unmarked grave in Highgate Cemetery. Charles Dickens based the character of the great financier Mr. Merdle (who goes bankrupt and commits suicide) in \"Little Dorrit\" (1857) on John Sadleir. The central character of Anthony Trollope's \"The Way We Live Now\" (1875), Melmotte (also a swindling financier who goes bankrupt and commits suicide) may have been based on Sadleir, as well. W. S. Gilbert based part of his 1869 play \"An Old Score\" on the story of Sadleir's suicide. The 1885 novel (and later play and silent film) \"John Needham's Double\" by Joseph Hatton is also based on Sadleir. Because the Independent Irish Party were pledged not to take office, the decision of Sadleir and his friend and colleague William Keogh to do so was considered by the Irish public to be an unforgivable betrayal. To \"be another Sadleir or Keogh\" entered the Irish political vocabulary as being synonymous with being a political turncoat: the phrase was still in use in `Ireland as late as the 1950s. John Sadleir John Sadleir (1813 – 17 February 1856) was an Irish financier and"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Raigamacharige Nilanjana Raigamacharige Nilanjana (born March 20, 1975) was a Sri Lankan cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and leg-break bowler who played for Kalutara Town Club. He was born in Colombo. Nilanjana made seven appearances for the team during the 1996-97 Saravanamuttu Trophy campaign, Kalutara's only season in first-class cricket. Debuting in their first match from the upper-middle order, Nilanjana was quickly placed lower down the order as he was unable to partner teammate Saman Fonseka effectively. At no point a frequent bowler within the team, Nilanjana bowled just nine overs in his first-class career, which stretched to seven matches of the team's thirteen, none of which ended in victory. Raigamacharige Nilanjana Raigamacharige Nilanjana (born March 20, 1975) was a Sri Lankan cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and leg-break bowler who played for Kalutara Town Club. He was born in Colombo. Nilanjana made seven appearances for the team during the 1996-97 Saravanamuttu Trophy campaign, Kalutara's only season in first-class cricket. Debuting in their first match from the upper-middle order, Nilanjana was quickly placed lower down the order as he was unable to partner teammate Saman Fonseka effectively. At no point a frequent bowler within the team, Nilanjana bowled"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Cyphostemma ternatum Cyphostemma ternatum is a perennial climbing herb that grows up to 2m. It is edible and distributed throughout Northeast Africa to southern Arabia. \"ternatum\" in Latin means \"arranged in threes\" and alludes to the arrangement of the leaves. \"Cyphostemma ternatum\" is a succulent climbing vine up to 2m tall. Leaves alternate, simple and trifoliolate up to 25 cm long x 30 cm across. Leaves are serrated with a petiole up to 5 cm long. Flowers are pale greenish yellow, 2.5-3mm long; arranged opposite the leaves in umbellate cymes. Fruit is an ovoid or globose berry, 13 x 11mm, fleshy and ripens bright red. \"Cyphostemma ternatum\" grows at near sea level and during the monsoon season. It can be found in bushland, grasslands riparian forests. \"Cyphostemma ternatum\" is edible and the leaves were traditionally boiled into a green mush in Southern Arabia. It has a peppery and acrid taste. The fruit of the \"C. ternatum\" is also edible once they have ripened, but only when the pip has been removed, as the pip is quite hot. The root is edible and can be eaten raw, but is apparently improved by cooking. In traditional herbal medicine, this plant was used to treat cases of footrot in Arabia. A poultice of juice of the cooked leaves with salt was applied to the affected part. Cyphostemma ternatum Cyphostemma ternatum is a perennial climbing herb that grows up to 2m. It is edible and distributed throughout Northeast Africa to southern Arabia. \"ternatum\" in Latin means \"arranged in threes\" and alludes to the arrangement of the leaves. \"Cyphostemma ternatum\" is a succulent climbing vine up to 2m tall. Leaves alternate, simple and trifoliolate up to 25 cm long x 30 cm across. Leaves are serrated with a petiole up to 5 cm long. Flowers"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Middletown, Delaware Middletown is a town in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. According to the 2010 Census, the population of the town is 18,871. Middletown is located at (39.4495560, -75.7163207) with an elevation of . According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which, is land and 0.16% is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 6,161 people, 2,298 households, and 1,631 families residing in the town. The population density was 962.4 people per square mile (371.7/km²). There were 2,514 housing units at an average density of 392.7 per square mile (151.7/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 94.42% White, 1.30% African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.78% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.93% from other races, and 1.44% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.29% of the population. Population in 2012: 19,483 White alone - 10,804 (58.4%) Black alone - 4,863 (26.3%) Hispanic - 1,319 (7.1%) Asian alone - 940 (5.1%) Two or more races - 491 (2.7%) American Indian alone - 29 (0.2%) Other race alone - 31 (0.2%) •Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone - 18 (0.10%) There were 2,298 households out of which 41.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.5% were married couples living together, 18.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.0% were non-families. 22.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.14. In the town, the population was spread out with 30.9% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 33.5% from 25 to 44, 18.3% from 45 to 64, and 7.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.7 males. The median income for a household in the town was $41,663, and the median income for a family was $47,270. Males had a median income of $35,688 versus $30,044 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,517. About 8.8% of families and 10.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.7% of those under age 18 and 13.6% of those age 65 or over. Recent annexations of land have stimulated Middletown's growth: it is known as the fastest growing area in Delaware. Between 2000 and 2010, the population of the town grew 206.3%. Many affluent housing developments surround the town's center, especially to its north, attracting, among others, commuters from Wilmington, and even Philadelphia. Middletown's commerce has grown accordingly. National retail and food chain stores have opened locations in the area, with significant growth along the U.S. 301 corridor. An Amazon fulfillment center is located in Middletown. This growth is more characteristic of suburban sprawl, a stark difference from Middletown's historic growth patterns. As a result of the rapid growth of the area, Middletown established its own police force, The Middletown Police Department, on July 2, 2007. The Police Department officially began on October 3, 2007 with a foundation of 20 officers from surrounding Delaware police departments. Limited-access highway Delaware Route 1 is east of Middletown, and the town has a signed exit at Odessa for Delaware Route 299. Delaware 299 also serves as Middletown's Main Street. U.S. Route 301 is just west of Middletown, serving the Chesapeake Bay Bridge to the southwest and the Summit Bridge to the north. Delaware Route 15, a rural road, is concurrent with U.S. 301 at Middletown, allowing access to Dover and Smyrna. Delaware Route 71 heads south from Middletown to Townsend and U.S. Route 13. DART First State serves Middletown along the Route 43 bus, which connects to a park and ride in Odessa. From here, riders have access to the Route 45 bus to Wilmington, the Route 301 bus to Wilmington and Dover, and the seasonal Route 305 \"Beach Connection\" bus to Lewes and Rehoboth Beach. The Route 47 bus provides rush hour and Saturday service between the Amazon fulfillment center in Middletown and Wilmington. The Route 302 bus provides intercounty service between Newark and Dover via Middletown, serving the Amazon fulfillment center. A railroad operated by the Delmarva Central Railroad runs through the center of Middletown. Summit Airport is just to the north of the town. The larger Wilmington Airport is in New Castle, and the nearest airport with commercial air service is the Philadelphia International Airport in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Town of Middletown Electric Department provides electricity to the town. The electric department is a member of the Delaware Municipal Electric Corporation. The town maintains an electric substation, with electricity supplied to the substation by a 138,000 kV line from Delmarva Power's Mt. Pleasant Substation. A second 138,000 kV line to the town's substation is being constructed from Delmarva Power's Townsend Substation to increase the reliability of electricity in Middletown. The Water/Wasterwater Department provides water and sewer service to Middletown. Trash Tech provides trash collection and recycling to Middletown. Natural gas service in Middletown is provided by Chesapeake Utilities. Christiana Care Health System operates the Middletown Free-standing Emergency Department in Middletown, offering 24-hour emergency care with 18 treatment rooms. It opened in April 2013 at a cost of $34 million. Public education in Middletown is provided by the Appoquinimink School District, which has recently built a new elementary school to accommodate the population growth of the area and overcrowding at the other elementary schools. Overcrowding at Middletown High School, which was over-capacity by 400 students during the 2005-2006 school year, resulted in the construction of a second high school, Appoquinimink High School, which opened in Fall 2008. The St. Georges Technical High School is located to the northeast of town. Three private schools are located on the side of the town: MOT Charter School and St. Anne's Episcopal School, with the former being K-12 and the latter K-8, and St. Andrew's School, a coed boarding school affiliated with the Episcopal Diocese of Delaware. Wilmington University has a location in town. Middletown is home to the Olde Tyme Peach Festival, an annual tradition that attracts tens of thousands of visitors each August. Main Street in the center of town is closed to traffic and activities begin with a parade down the street. Other entertainment includes local art and historical exhibits, live music, crafts, games, and a variety of food including limited time peach flavored treats. There is also a 5k run/walk on the same day of the festival, where all proceeds are donated to benefit the local sports boosters. Middletown hosts the M.O.T. Big Ball Marathon, an annual Labor Day event that benefits local charities. The marathon runs 24 hours straight where people of all ages come out to play baseball on previously registered teams with an oversized softball, giving it the name \"Big Ball\". In 2013 the marathon had its most successful year, raising a record $65,000 in funds over the 24 hours. Middletown also hosts an annual Hummers parade. The parade's name is a spoof of the nearby Philadelphia Mummers parade. As opposed to the Mummers, which is judged seriously, the Hummers dress up and make fun of all the popular news headlines, political, celebrity, and local happenings of the year. \"The Middletown Transcript\" is the main publication for the Middletown, Odessa and Townsend area. The first edition was printed on Jan. 4, 1868. This community newspaper is published every Thursday. The 1989 film \"Dead Poets Society\" starring Robin Williams was filmed almost entirely on the school grounds at St. Andrew's School. The theatre scene was filmed at The Everett Theatre on Main Street. The episode of \"The West Wing\" entitled \"Two",
"raising a record $65,000 in funds over the 24 hours. Middletown also hosts an annual Hummers parade. The parade's name is a spoof of the nearby Philadelphia Mummers parade. As opposed to the Mummers, which is judged seriously, the Hummers dress up and make fun of all the popular news headlines, political, celebrity, and local happenings of the year. \"The Middletown Transcript\" is the main publication for the Middletown, Odessa and Townsend area. The first edition was printed on Jan. 4, 1868. This community newspaper is published every Thursday. The 1989 film \"Dead Poets Society\" starring Robin Williams was filmed almost entirely on the school grounds at St. Andrew's School. The theatre scene was filmed at The Everett Theatre on Main Street. The episode of \"The West Wing\" entitled \"Two Cathedrals\" (#44) was partly filmed at St. Andrew's School. Middletown, Delaware Middletown is a town in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. According to the 2010 Census, the population of the town is 18,871. Middletown is located at (39.4495560, -75.7163207) with an elevation of . According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which, is land and 0.16% is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 6,161 people, 2,298 households, and 1,631 families residing in the town. The population density was 962.4 people per square mile"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"2014–15 Prva A liga (men's water polo) The 2014–15 Prva A liga is the 9th season of the Prva A liga, Serbia's premier Water polo league. The following 12 clubs compete in the Prva A liga during the 2014–15 season: Pld - Played; W - Won; D - Drawn; L - Lost; GF - Goals for; GA - Goals against; Diff - Difference; Pts - Points. Teams in bold won the playoff series. Numbers to the left of each team indicate the team's original playoff seeding. Numbers to the right indicate the score of each playoff game. \"Partizan Rajfajzen won Championship final series 3–0.\" 2014–15 Prva A liga (men's water polo) The 2014–15 Prva A liga is the 9th season of the Prva A liga, Serbia's premier Water polo league. The following 12 clubs compete in the Prva A liga during the 2014–15 season: Pld - Played; W - Won; D - Drawn; L - Lost; GF - Goals for; GA - Goals against; Diff - Difference; Pts - Points. Teams in bold won the playoff series. Numbers to the left of each team indicate the team's original playoff seeding. Numbers to the right indicate the score of each playoff"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Computer rage Computer rage refers to negative psychological responses towards a computer due to heightened anger or frustration. Examples of computer rage include cursing or yelling at a computer, slamming or throwing keyboards and mice, and assaulting the computer or monitor with an object or weapon. In April 2015, a Colorado man was cited for firing a gun within a residential area when he took his computer into a back alley and shot it eight times with a 9mm pistol. When questioned, he told police that he had become so frustrated with his computer that he had \"reached critical mass,\" and stated that after he had shot his computer, \"the angels sung on high.\" In 2007, a German man threw his computer out the window in the middle of the night, startling his neighbors. German police were sympathetic and did not press charges, stating \"Who hasn't felt like doing that?\" In 2006, the staged surveillance video \"Bad Day\", showing a man assaulting his computer at work, became a viral hit on the Internet, reaching over two million views. Other instances of reported computer rage have ranged from a restaurant owner who threw his laptop into a deep fryer, to an individual who threw his computer out the window, but forgot that the window was closed. In 1999, it was speculated that computer rage had become more common than road rage in traffic, but in a 2015 study, it was found that reported rates of anger when using a computer were lower than reported rates of anger while driving. However, reports of anger while driving or using computers were found to be far more common than anger in other situations. In a 2013 survey of American adults, 36% of respondents who reported experiencing computer issues, also reported that they had screamed, yelled, cursed, or physically assaulted their computers within the last six months. In 2009, a survey was conducted with British computer users about their experiences with computers. This survey found that 54% of respondents reported verbally abusing their computers, and 40% reported that they had become physically violent toward their computers. The survey also found that most users experienced computer rage three to four times a month. Differences in types of computer rage have also been found between different geographical regions. For example, one survey found that individuals from London have been found to be five times more likely to physically assault their computers, while those from Yorkshire and Humberside were found to be more likely to yell at their computers. Differences have also been observed for age groups, as younger adults (18–24 years old) have reported more abusive behaviors in the face of computer frustration when compared to older adults (over 35 years old). Individuals with less computer experience in particular have also been reported to experience increased feelings of anger and helplessness when it comes to computers, but other research has argued that it is the self-efficacy beliefs about computers that are predictive of computer frustration, not the amount of computer experience or use. In 1999 Professor Robert J. Edelmann, a Chartered Clinical, Forensic and Health Psychologist and a Fellow of the British Psychological Society, was offering a special helpline in the UK for those suffering from technology related anger. Users can experience computer anger and frustration for a number of reasons. American adults surveyed in 2013 reported that almost half (46%) of their computer problems were due to malware or computer viruses, followed by software issues (10%) and not enough memory (8%). In another survey, users reported email, word processors, web browsing, operating system crashes, inability to locate features, and program crashes as frequent initiators of computer frustration. These technical issues, paired with tight timelines, poor work progress, and failure to complete a computer task can create heightened computer anger and frustration. When this anger and frustration exceeds a person's control, it can turn into rage. Research on emotion has shown that anger is often caused by interruptions of plans and expectations, especially through the violation of social norms. This sense of anger can be magnified when the individual does not understand why they are unable to meet their goal or task at hand or why there was a violation of social norms. Psychologists have argued that this is particularly relevant to computer rage, as computer users interact with computers in a similar manner that they interact with other people (for more information, see The Media Equation). Thus, when computers fail to function in the face of incoming deadlines or an important task to accomplish, users can feel betrayed by the computer in the same way they can feel betrayed by other people. Specifically, when users fail to understand why their computer will not work properly, often in the times they need it to the most, it can invoke a sense of hostility as it is interpreted as a breach of social norms or a personal attack. Consistent with this finding, perceived betrayal by the computer can also elicit other negative emotions. One survey of US adults reported that 10% of users who experience computer issues experienced feeling helplessness, and 4% reported feeling victimized. In the same survey, 7% adults ages 18–34 reported that they had cried over their computer problems within the previous six months. Computer rage can result in damaged property or physical injuries, as well as psychological harm. Some experts have suggested that venting frustrations on the computer may have some benefits, but other experts disagree. For example, yelling at the computer has been suggested as a way to moderate one's anger to avoid the ill effects of anger suppression, but new research has suggested that yelling can negatively affect health in itself. Alternatively, releasing anger on a computer has been viewed as advantageous as it directs this rage at an object as opposed to another person, and can make individuals feel better afterwards. In response to computer issues that invoke frustration, some experts have suggested walking away from the computer for 15 minutes to \"cool off\". Other methods to prevent computer rage can be backing up computer data often, increasing memory of the computer, and even imagining pleasant images, such as petting an animal. Adopting a goal of improving computer knowledge may also be beneficial, as users are less likely to report computer rage when they view the issue as a challenge and not as a setback. If computer rage cannot be avoided, guidelines on how to rage with minimal consequences, such as wearing safety goggles and taking frustration out on older equipment, can be followed to reduce the likelihood of injury and significant property loss. Employers of staff who work with computers, often in situations where time is crucial, can take steps to prevent computer rage, such as making sure there is adequate software, and providing employees with anger management strategies. Some computer technician companies have reported that, to reduce computer rage, their technicians are trained on how to work with customers in sensitive psychological states just as much as how to diagnose and fix technical issues. Designing computer interfaces to display more emotional support when errors occur, or provide therapy strategies, has also been suggested as a way to mitigate computer anger and rage. The application of affective computing has been shown to effectively mitigate negative emotions connected to computer use. One study found that an interface that sought the user's feelings, provided empathy, and validated reported emotional states significantly reduced negative emotions associated with computer frustration for users. Another study found that when error messages contain positive wording (\"Great that the computer will soon work again\") compared to negative wording (\"This is frustrating\") or a neutral error",
"sensitive psychological states just as much as how to diagnose and fix technical issues. Designing computer interfaces to display more emotional support when errors occur, or provide therapy strategies, has also been suggested as a way to mitigate computer anger and rage. The application of affective computing has been shown to effectively mitigate negative emotions connected to computer use. One study found that an interface that sought the user's feelings, provided empathy, and validated reported emotional states significantly reduced negative emotions associated with computer frustration for users. Another study found that when error messages contain positive wording (\"Great that the computer will soon work again\") compared to negative wording (\"This is frustrating\") or a neutral error message, users exhibited more signs of happiness. Computer rage Computer rage refers to negative psychological responses towards a computer due to heightened anger"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Rosalie Ritz Rosalie Ritz (August 6, 1923 – April 18, 2008), born Rosalie Jane Mislove in Racine, Wisconsin, was an American journalist and courtroom artist who covered major United States trials in the 1960s through the 1990s. She worked with both CBS and Associated Press, and was presented with the Associated Press Award for Excellence in 1972. The seventh of ten children, Ritz showed artistic talent at an early age. She attended the Layton School of Art, married World War II navy veteran and athlete, Erwin Ritz in 1946 and is the mother of four children: Barbara Bray, Sandra Ritz, Terry Leach and \"The Environmentalist\" publisher and managing editor, Janet Ritz. After her marriage to Erwin Ritz in 1946, Ritz moved from Milwaukee, WI, where she grew up, to Washington DC. There, she worked with a group of artists in Georgetown. During this time, several of Ritz's selected works (oil paintings) won places in national juried shows at the Corcoran Gallery of Art, the Smithsonian, and received an honorable mention at the Flower Gallery. It was during these years in Washington DC, that Ritz first covered US Senate and US Congressional hearings, including the McCarthy Hearings, where cameras were barred. Ritz worked under contract for the Washington Post, CBS, Public TV, and the Associated Press. Selected drawings appeared in the Washington Post from these hearings. In 1966, at the height of the Haight Ashbury counter-culture era, Ritz moved with her family to the San Francisco Bay Area. Ritz's sketches of the street scenes were published in the City Magazine and the San Francisco Examiner. Her work in Washington DC brought her to the attention of the local public television station KQED. From there, she began a career covering trials for the local CBS outlet, (KPIX) and for the Associated Press. This included the Patty Hearst trial, the Sirhan Sirhan trial, the Charles Manson trial, the trials of the Black Panthers, including Huey Newton, Eldridge Cleaver and David Hilliard, the trials of Angela Davis and Ruchell Magee, and the trials of the Soledad Brothers, the San Quentin Six, Mass Murderer Juan Corona, John Linley Frazier, the Presidio Mutiny Court-Martial at Fort Ord, the Billy Dean Smith Court-Martial, Inez Garcia (second trial), Bill and Emily Harris (Symbionese Liberation Army), Russell Little and Joseph Remiro (Murder of Marcus Foster/Symbionese Liberation Army), Wendy Yoshimura, Camarillo State Hospital Grand Jury Hearings, the Hell's Angels, Alioto-Look Magazine Libel Trial, Alioto Conflict of Interest Trial, the Bonanno Brothers, Stephanie Kline, Larry Layton, Dan White, San Francisco Proposition Hearings, Sara Jane Moore, and Daniel Ellsberg and Anthony Russo/Pentagon Papers. While covering these trials, Ritz worked with several journalists, including the late New York Daily News reporter Theo Wilson, Associated Press senior trial reporter and special correspondent, Linda Deutsch, and Associated Press chief United Nations correspondent, Edie Lederer. Ritz's courtroom drawings of the Angela Davis trial were featured in the 2012 documentary, \"Free Angela and All Political Prisoners\". Ritz continued to cover trials through the early 1980s. In the 1990s, the Associated Press brought Ritz out of retirement to cover the O.J. Simpson civil trial. Early in Ritz's career, selected works (oil paintings) went on display at national juried shows at Corcoran Gallery of Art and at the Smithsonian. During her years as a Courtroom Artist, Ritz's sketches appeared in numerous publications, including the Washington Post and various Associated Press affiliates. Ritz's sketches were also used on CBS news broadcasts and other media outlets. In 1993, Ritz donated 1,837 courtroom drawings to the UC Berkeley Bancroft Library. Guide to Rosalie Ritz's courtroom drawings 1968-1982 - Online Archive of California In 2005, the UC Berkeley Art Museum held an exposition of Ritz's sketches. Later that year, the California Senate followed up with an exposition of Ritz's selected works. Rosalie Ritz died in California on April 18, 2008, nine months after the passing of her husband of 61 years, Erwin Ritz. She is survived by four children, five grandchildren and one great-granddaughter. Rosalie Ritz Rosalie Ritz (August 6, 1923 – April 18, 2008), born Rosalie Jane Mislove in Racine, Wisconsin, was an American journalist and courtroom artist who covered major United States trials in the 1960s through the 1990s. She worked"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Jan of Tarnów Jan of Tarnów ( equally \"Jan Tarnowski\" as well as \"Jan Tarnowski z Tarnowa\"; c. 1349–1409) was a Polish nobleman (szlachcic) from the Lesser Poland region. Jan was owner of Tarnów, Wielowieś and Jarosław estates. He was Podkomorzy of Sandomierz before 1368, Court Marshal before 1370, Marshal of the Kingdom of Poland before 1373, starost of Radom before 1376, castellan of Sandomierz before 1377, voivode of Sandomierz Voivodeship before 1385, starost of Sandomierz before 1386, General Starost of Ruthenia before 1387, castellan of Kraków and starost of Kraków in 1406. In 1401, he was a signatory to the Pact of Vilnius and Radom. His sons Jan and Spytek fought in the Battle of Grunwald in 1410. Jan of Tarnów Jan of Tarnów ( equally \"Jan Tarnowski\" as well as \"Jan Tarnowski z Tarnowa\"; c. 1349–1409) was a Polish nobleman (szlachcic) from the Lesser Poland region. Jan was owner of Tarnów, Wielowieś and Jarosław estates. He was Podkomorzy of Sandomierz before 1368, Court Marshal before 1370, Marshal of the Kingdom of Poland before 1373, starost of Radom before 1376, castellan of Sandomierz before 1377, voivode of Sandomierz Voivodeship before 1385, starost of Sandomierz before 1386, General Starost of"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Wright Glider The Wright brothers designed, built and flew a series of three manned gliders in 1900–1902 as they worked towards achieving powered flight. They also made preliminary tests with a kite in 1899. In 1911 Orville conducted tests with a much more sophisticated glider. Neither the kite nor any of the gliders was preserved, but replicas of all have been built. The 1899 kite, which Wilbur flew near his home in Dayton, Ohio had a wingspan of only 5 feet (1.5 m). This pine wood and shellacked craft, although too small to carry a pilot, tested the concept of wing-warping for roll control that would prove essential to the brothers' solving the problem of controlled flight. The Wrights burned the craft along with other trash in 1905. The 1900 Wright Glider was the brothers' first to be capable of carrying a human. Its overall structure was based on Octave Chanute's two-surface glider of 1896. Its wing airfoil was derived from Otto Lilienthal's published tables of aerodynamic lift. The glider was designed with wing-warping capability for full-size testing of the concept first tried on the 1899 Wright Kite. The glider was first flown as an unmanned kite on October 5, 1900 near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Next, Wilbur rode as pilot while men on the ground held tether ropes attached to the airborne craft. Subsequently, Wilbur made about a dozen free flights on a single day, concluding the season's test efforts. The brothers abandoned the glider when they broke camp on 23 October, and it eventually disappeared in the region's severe storms. The fabric covering of the wing components were given to the wife of helper Bill Tate, whose family Wilbur first stayed with at Kitty Hawk in 1900. Mrs. Tate allegedly used the material to make dresses for her daughters. The 1901 Wright Glider was the second of the brothers' experimental gliders. They tested it over the Kill Devil Hills, four miles south of Kitty Hawk. The glider was similar to the 1900 version, but had larger wings. It first flew on July 27, 1901, and was retired on August 17. During this time it made between 50 and 100 free flights, in addition to tethered flights as a kite. The wing ribs flexed under the weight of the pilot, distorting the airfoil shapes of the wings. The brothers fixed the trouble, but the wings still produced much less lift than expected, and wing-warping sometimes made the glider turn opposite the intended direction : it was the discovery and first description of the adverse yaw. After testing concluded, the brothers stored the glider in their camp shed. The shed and glider were badly damaged later by windstorms. The wing uprights were salvaged for the 1902 Glider, but the rest was abandoned. As a result of lift and \"drift\" (drag) measurements taken with the tethered glider, the brothers concluded that Lilienthal's data were inaccurate. Upon returning to Dayton, they designed and built a small wind tunnel to collect their own data. The 1902 Wright Glider was the third free-flight glider built by the brothers. This was their first glider to incorporate yaw control by use of a rear rudder, and its design led directly to the powered 1903 Wright Flyer. The brothers designed the 1902 glider during the winter of 1901/02. The wing design was based on data from extensive tests of miniature airfoils in their homemade wind tunnel. They built the components of the glider in Dayton and completed assembly at their Kill Devil Hills camp in September 1902. Flights took place between 19 September and 24 October. In order to cope with 1901 glider discovered adverse yaw, the Wrights tested a double fixed rear rudder, hoping improve turning control, but several times the pilot was unable to stop turning and collided with the ground. \"The addition of a fixed vertical vane in the rear increased the trouble, and made the machine absolutely dangerous\". The brothers decided to remove one rudder, without success, then make the remaining rudder steerable to solve the problem. With this modification, they achieved a better control and made between 700 and 800 glides (as estimated by the brothers, who did not keep detailed records). The longest glide was measured and timed at 622.5 ft (189.7 m) in 26 seconds. In September 1903 they brought the 1902 glider out of storage and made over 200 glides to hone their piloting skills while preparing the powered \"Flyer\". One of their photographs shows they installed a second vertical fin as part of the steerable rear rudder, matching the original design and also that of the powered Flyer's twin rear rudder. The glider was last flown in November 1903. After their successful powered flights, they put the glider back in storage at camp before returning home for Christmas. When they next visited Kitty Hawk in 1908 to test their improved \"Flyer III\", Outer Banks weather had taken its toll: the storage shed and glider inside were wrecked. Today a salvaged piece of wingtip from the 1902 Glider is preserved at the National Air and Space Museum a few feet from the 1903 Wright Flyer. In 1911 Orville Wright returned to the Kill Devil Hills with a new glider, accompanied by his English friend Alec Ogilvie. Orville intended to test an automatic control system on the glider, but did not because of the presence of reporters (he eventually perfected the system in a powered airplane in 1913). The glider had what is now considered a 'conventional tailplane' rather than the front mounted elevator. The pilot also was seated with hand controls, rather than lying prone in a cradle, as with the original gliders. In a 65 km/h (40 mph) wind on October 24, 1911, Orville soared above Kill Devil Hill for 9 minutes 45 seconds, breaking the brothers' previous record of 1 minute 12 seconds set in 1903 with the 1902 glider. The new record stood for ten years until broken in Germany. A number of replicas of the gliders exist. Wright brothers historian Rick Young of Richmond, Virginia has built 9 accurate working replicas of all of the Wright gliders and the 1903 Flyer. Young's 1902 gliders have appeared in numerous films and television documentaries, including a 1986 IMAX film \"On the Wing\". One of his 1902 replicas is on display at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum's Wright Brothers gallery. The Virginia Aviation Museum at Richmond International Airport is home to the Wright 1899 Kite, the 1900, 1901 and 1902 gliders and the 1903 Flyer, all built by Young. In 2011, Young researched and built a Wright 1911 glider replica that was displayed during the Soaring 100 event at the Wright Brothers National Monument to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Orville Wright's record-setting glide. A replica of the 1902 glider is on display at the Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historic Park in Dayton Ohio. Another replica of the 1902 glider is also on display at the U.S. National Soaring Museum in Elmira, New York. A full-scale replica of the 1902 glider was constructed and is on display at the San Diego Air & Space Museum in San Diego, California. Another replica, a half-scale model, is on display at the Wings Over the Rockies Air and Space Museum in Denver, Colorado. A team led by Nick Engler of the Wright Brothers Aeroplane Company has also built replicas of all three gliders. A replica of the 1911 glider was built by Ernest Schweizer for the 75th anniversary of Orville's soaring flight. It has hung in the National Soaring Museum, Elmira NY since 1986. Wright Glider The Wright brothers designed, built and flew a series of three manned gliders in 1900–1902 as they worked towards achieving powered flight. They also made preliminary tests with a kite in 1899. In"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Syndie Syndie is an open-source cross-platform computer application to syndicate (re-publish) data (mainly forums) over a variety of anonymous and non-anonymous computer networks. Syndie is capable of reaching archives situated in those anonymous networks: I2P, Tor, Freenet. Syndie has been in development since 2003 and ties in closely with the I2P network project, which is considered a parent project.<br> Following the departure of lead developer Jrandom in 2007, work on syndie was paused, however as of 2013 active development has once again resumed. Syndie operates in a manner similar to blogs, newsgroups, forums, and other content tools; it allows one or more authors to privately or publicly post messages. Messages are pushed and pulled to and from archive servers (other peers that choose to be), which are hosted in a variety of anonymous and non-anonymous locations. Most archive servers are HTTP archives hosted inside the I2P network, but there are syndie archives in Freenet as well as the normal internet. Each archive does not control the content stored on it; by default all messages are pushed and pulled by all participants. In this way, every message is backed up by every user, so should one archive go down, the content can be pushed to a different archive then pulled by other users of that archive. This means that even if all of the users and archives delete a message, as long as one person has it and there is one pushable archive, the message will be redistributed to every user. Users have the option to delete locally stored messages after a set time, after the local storage consumes a certain amount of disk space, or by blacklists of users. Each user can create multiple identities. Each identity is known as a forum, and users can post into their own or different forums. Each user can control their forum; for example, they may wish to run a blog by not permitting other people to start threads, but allowing them to post comments. Syndie is a Java application and as such can run on any platform on which Java is supported; although a standard widget toolkit is required for the graphical user interface versions. Syndie is primarily a graphical application, based on the Standard Widget Toolkit for Java, but it can be run in a CLI (headless) mode. Syndie Syndie is an open-source cross-platform computer application to syndicate (re-publish) data (mainly forums)"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"MSU-IIT Integrated Developmental School The Integrated Developmental School (commonly referred to as IDS) is the high school department of MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT) in Iligan City, Philippines. It was established in 1946 as the Iligan High School (IHS) to respond to the need of the Iligan constituents to have their own high school. Later, it was named Lanao Technical School (LTS) from 1956-1967 created under R.A. 1562, a high school specializing vocational and technical courses. Although it never was implemented in 1965, Lanao Technical School became Northern Mindanao Institute of Technology through RA 4626. In July 12, 1968 under R.A. 5363, Lanao Technical School was annexed to Mindanao State University, it was renamed Developmental High School (DHS). At present, under BOR Resolution No. 147 s. 1992, it is known as Integrated Developmental School (IDS), a laboratory school of the College of Education. MSU-IIT Integrated Developmental School The Integrated Developmental School (commonly referred to as IDS) is the high school department of MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT) in Iligan City, Philippines. It was established in 1946 as the Iligan High School (IHS) to respond to the need of the Iligan constituents to have their own high school. Later, it was"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Howard S. Searle Brigadier General Howard Sanford Searle (October 24, 1891 – September 8, 1972) was responsible for rebuilding the Kansas Army National Guard after World War II and leading the response to two major natural disasters, the Great Flood in Kansas City in 1951 and the tornado that destroyed much of Udall, Kansas in 1955. Searle was born in Edgar, Nebraska and raised in Kansas. He graduated from Topeka High School and Washburn University with an A.B. in 1914 and an L.L.B. in 1916. During his time at Washburn he was elected sophomore class president, was a member of the Kansas Beta Chapter of Phi Delta Theta (ΦΔΘ) and was initiated into the school's prestigious Sagamore Society. A year after graduating from Washburn, Searle enlisted in the Kansas Army National Guard and was assigned to Headquarters & Headquarters Battery, 130th Field Artillery Regiment and served overseas in World War I. He was commissioned a second lieutenant on October 3, 1918. He served continuously with the Kansas National Guard, and was mobilized in December 1940 for World War II as a lieutenant colonel. He served as personnel officer and then Deputy Chief of Staff for VII Corps commander Major General J. Lawton Collins during World War II. After the war, Searle became a brigadier general in the Kansas National Guard in October 1946, and was assigned the responsibility of re-establishing the Kansas National Guard across Kansas. He was assigned Assistant Division Commander, 35th Infantry Division. In the early to mid-1950s General Searle was responsible for managing the response to several natural disasters. In 1951, he handled the recovery after the Great Flood in Kansas City. The flood resulted in nearly $7 billion in damage (in 2005 dollars) and the loss of 28 lives. In 1955, he oversaw recovery efforts in Udall, Kansas after a tornado destroyed much of the town killing 77 and injuring 270. General Searle's military decorations included the Legion of Merit, Bronze Star Medal, the French Legion of Honor and the Croix de Guerre with Palm. In 1951, Washburn honored Searle with its Distinguished Service Award. In 1962, Searle was named the Topeka Phi Delta Theta Alumni Association's \"Phi of the Year.\" In 1967, he was again honored by Washburn this time with an honorary doctorate of laws degree. In 1981, the Kansas Army National Guard posthumously inducted him into its Hall of Fame. Howard S. Searle"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Mechell, Anglesey Mechell is a community in the north of the Isle of Anglesey, Wales. Llanfechell is the largest village within the community area. Tregele, Mynydd Mechell, Bodewryd, Rhosbeirio and Carreglefn have a more dispersed settlement pattern. The antiquity of these settlements is shown by the presence of 6 medieval (or older) churches and some 16 more ancient sites dating back into prehistory. The population of the community in 2011 was 1,293. Mechell's settlements are all on inland situations, although a narrow strip of land reaches up as far as the north coast of the island, east of Cemaes Bay, in Llanbadrig Community. To the east is Cylch-y-Garn Community, and to the south is Tref Alaw and Rhosybol. There are three wards within the Mechell community council area, with a total of 10 councillors representing Llanfechell, Mynydd Mechell and Carreglefn, plus a chairperson. Prior to the 2012 Anglesey electoral boundary changes Mechell was an electoral ward for the county council. It is now part of a new Talybolion ward. The oldest of the settlements appears to be Llanfechell, named, as is the larger community, after the 6th century saint Mechell, reputedly a Breton missionary. Tradition has it that he is buried in Llanfechell. The large number of prehistoric sites attest to human habitation across the Community since well before that. There is a very detailed account of daily life in the Mechell area during the 18th century, within the diaries of William Bulkeley, (1691-1760). He lived at Brynddu, a house on the edge of Llanfechell, and kept a daily record of Anglesey life from 1734 to 1760. The land of Mechell Community is a settled agricultural landscape, with a network of small farms. The longstanding importance of arable agriculture is shown by the remains of two watermills and four windmills in the Mechell area: Meddanen Water Mill and Melin Mechell Windmill (also known as Minffordd Mill and Melin Maen Arthur), SH362902 are close together so could have been worked by the same miller, utilising water and wind as available. Cafnan Water Mill is the other watermill. Pant y Gŵydd Mill; Cefn Coch Mill and Pandy Cefn Coch Mill are the other windmills. Wylfa Nuclear Power Station, close to the Community boundary's northern tip, was the only substantial employer in the immediate neighbourhood, on the coast, northwest of Llanfechell. It was the only Nuclear Power Station in Wales after Trawsfynedd shut down. The site produced electricity from 1971, and ceased at the end of 2015. Proposals from Horizon Nuclear Power to build 'Wylfa Newydd' are under consideration. Mechell Community has 4 Church in Wales buildings in the Bangor Diocese and Bro Padrig Deanery, There have been least nine non=conformist Chapels in the Mechell area, dating to the nineteenth and early 20th centuries:- All four extant medieval churches above are given the legal protection of Listed Building status. Below are the other listed buildings within the community, plus some other notable buildings and structures:- There are five Scheduled monuments within the community area, all of them dating to prehistory, and a further 10 sites are also listed by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales. All the sites are in open country within the community aea, so cannot be said to be in any one of the settlements. The 'settlement' column is there to give a guide as to which part of Mechell Community it is in. Other Archaeological sites in Mechell:- Mechell, Anglesey Mechell is a community in the north of the Isle of Anglesey, Wales. Llanfechell is the largest village within the community area. Tregele, Mynydd"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Doctor at the Top Doctor at the Top is a British television comedy series based on a set of books by Richard Gordon about the misadventures of a group of doctors. With episodes written (though not jointly) by George Layton and Bill Oddie, the series follows directly from its predecessor \"Doctor Down Under\", and was produced by the British Broadcasting Corporation in 1991. In this series the lead characters have all progressed in their careers: Waring and Collier are now surgeons, and Stuart-Clark is a professor. The series was not as well received as its predecessors and was cancelled after one series. According to Layton, it \"depressed the whole nation\", and Oddie dubbed it \"Doctor Down The Drain\". Doctor at the Top Doctor at the Top is a British television comedy series based on a set of books by Richard Gordon about the misadventures of a group of doctors. With episodes written (though not jointly) by George Layton and Bill Oddie, the series follows directly from its predecessor \"Doctor Down Under\", and was produced by the British Broadcasting Corporation in 1991. In this series the lead characters have all progressed in their careers: Waring and Collier are now surgeons, and"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Louis-Olivier Taillon Sir Louis-Olivier Taillon, (September 26, 1840 – April 25, 1923) was born in Terrebonne, Lower Canada (now Quebec). He twice served as the eighth Premier of Quebec. Taillon's first term of office was just four days, from January 25 to January 29, 1887. This term came at the end of the Conservative government of his predecessor John Jones Ross. Ross had lost the 1886 Quebec election, but had tried to cling to power in a minority government for a few more months. Taillon was Leader of the Opposition from 1887 until 1890, when he lost the 1890 election and his own seat. He briefly returned to the practice of law, but following the removal of Liberal Honoré Mercier from office by the Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec, Taillon became minister without portfolio in the government of Charles-Eugène Boucher de Boucherville. Taillon became premier when Boucher de Boucherville resigned. He resigned in 1896 and moved into federal politics to serve as Postmaster-General in the very short-lived federal Conservative government of Charles Tupper, from May to July 1896. He failed to gain a federal seat in the 1896 federal election, and likewise failed to secure a seat in the 1900 federal election, ending his political career. In 1916, he was made a Knight Bachelor. He died in Montreal in 1923. He lost the 1890 election. Louis-Olivier Taillon Sir Louis-Olivier Taillon, (September 26, 1840 – April 25, 1923) was born in Terrebonne, Lower Canada (now Quebec). He twice served as the eighth Premier of Quebec. Taillon's first term of office was just four days, from January 25 to January 29, 1887. This term came at the end of the Conservative government of his predecessor John Jones Ross. Ross had lost the 1886 Quebec election, but had tried to cling to power in a"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Sweet Sacrifice \"Sweet Sacrifice\" is a song by American rock band Evanescence. It was released on May 25, 2007, as the third single from their second studio album, \"The Open Door\". It was written by Amy Lee and Terry Balsamo while the production was handled by Dave Fortman. \"All That I'm Living For\" was initially planned to be the third single, as announced at live concerts and online. However, due to requests from the band and fan reaction, Wind-up reconsidered its release and announced that \"Sweet Sacrifice\" would be the band's third single from \"The Open Door\". Evanescence's lead singer Amy Lee wrote the song about the abusive relationship that inspired all of the songs on the group's debut record \"Fallen\" (2003). \"Sweet Sacrifice\" is a rock song written in a moderate tempo. Several critics found a metaphor to Evanescences former guitarist Ben Moody in the song. Upon its release, \"Sweet Sacrifice\" received mostly positive reviews by critics; many deemed the song as a highlight on the album and praised Lee's vocals, which some described as \"haunting\". Although the song failed to chart as highly as the band's previous singles, it appeared on the charts in Turkey and Germany, as well as the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. \"Sweet Sacrifice\" was nominated in the category for Best Hard Rock Performance at the 50th Grammy Awards. A music video for the song, directed by Paul R. Brown, was filmed in California between March 9 and March 10, 2007; It contained mostly live performances. \"Sweet Sacrifice\" was also added on the set-list on Evanescence's The Open Door Tour. \"Sweet Sacrifice\" was written by Amy Lee and Terry Balsamo while the production was handled by Dave Fortman. It was recorded in Record Plant Studios, Los Angeles, mixed by Dave Fortman at Ocean Way Studios, Los Angeles and mastered by Ted Jensen at Sterling Sound, New York. The programming was done by DJ Lethal. Talking about \"The Open Door\", Lee said that lot of people expected the new songs on the album to be similar with \"My Immortal\" (2003) before adding that \"'Weight of the World', 'Sweet Sacrifice' and 'All That I'm Living For' are so amazing to me because of the adrenaline. Especially when we play them live.\" She further revealed the inspiration behind the song, It's the one song on \"The Open Door\" that's about the same abusive relationship which was the source of all the songs on \"Fallen\". It was appropriate to put this song at the beginning, but it comes from a much stronger standpoint than \"Fallen\". It's not saying, \"I'm trapped in fear and somebody save me.\" It's saying, \"Fear is only in our minds ... I'm not afraid anymore.\" The band announced at live concerts and online that their upcoming third single from \"The Open Door\" would be \"All That I'm Living For,\" however, due to requests from the band and fan reaction, Wind-up announced that \"Sweet Sacrifice\" would be the band's third single from \"The Open Door\". The original single was released in Germany on May 25, 2007, featuring a basic and premium version. Elsewhere, it was scheduled for a release on May 8, 2007 through Amazon.com but it was later canceled. According to the sheet music published on the website Musicnotes.com by Alfred Music Publishing, \"Sweet Sacrifice\" is an alternative metal and gothic metal song, set in common time and performed in moderate tempo of 96 beats per minute. It is written in the key of F# minor and Lee's vocals for the song range from the musical note of A# to G. According to IGN's Ed Thompson, Lee sings the lines \"It's true we're all a little insane/But it's so clear now that I'm unchained\", with her \"haunting vocals\". Some critics found dark lyrics like \"I dream in darkness, I sleep to die, erase the silence, erase my life, our burning ashes darken the day, a world of nothingness, blow me away\" accompanied with \"rumbling guitars\" and a string section. A writer for the website Sputnikmusic found similarities between the songs on \"Fallen\" and \"Sweet Sacrifice\". The main theme for the song is getting over from an abusive relationship. Jordan Reimer of \"The Daily Princetonian\" concluded that Lee sings the lines \"You know you live to break me\" and \"Are you still too weak to survive your mistakes?\" to Evanescence's past guitarist Ben Moody. That sentiment was echoed by Rob Sheffield of \"Rolling Stone\", who said that the lyrics \"One day I'm gonna forget your name/And one sweet day, you're gonna drown in my lost pain\" are aimed at Moody. Bill Lamb of the website About.com, put the song on his list of Top Tracks on \"The Open Door\" alongside \"Lacrymosa\", \"Call Me When You're Sober\", \"Your Star\" and \"Good Enough\". In his review of \"The Open Door\", Ed Thompson of IGN, highlighted the song as the \"best track\" on the album and put it on his list \"Definitely Download\". \"The Washington Post\"s Richard Harrington wrote that \"There's no shortage of soaring, dynamic rockers on 'The Open Door,' including 'Sweet Sacrifice,'\" among others. Brendan Butler of Cinema Blend concluded that \"Call Me When You're Sober and \"Sweet Sacrifice\" were the only \"radio-friendly\" songs on the album before adding that \"those are the only songs that don't excruciatingly wane after a minute.\" Sara Berry of \"St. Louis Post-Dispatch\" wrote \"the CD's opening track, 'Sweet Sacrifice,' features disquieting lines like 'I dream in darkness/I sleep to die/Erase the silence/Erase my life.' The lyrics are par for the course on this lineup of overwhelmingly melancholy compositions. Still, it's well-executed music, and it's an ideal soundtrack for life's moodier moments.\" Jon Dolan of the magazine \"Entertainment Weekly\" found the song to be a \"bruising breakup lament that turns into an anthem of freedom.\" Giving the song a negative review, Alex Nun of musicOMH wrote that \"Sweet Sacrifice\" was \"a turgid attempt to recapture past glories, the heard-before riffs and shockingly average vocals act as a slap from the proverbial wet fish.\" The song was nominated for Best Hard Rock Performance at the 50th Grammy Awards. A music video directed by Paul R. Brown was filmed in Burbank, California between March 9 and March 10, 2007. The music video leaked onto the Internet on April 4, 2007, after briefly being available for digital download on iTunes Store. It initially premiered on Yahoo! Music on April 5. The video was compared with the psychological thriller film directed by Tarsem Singh, \"The Cell\" (2000). Lee said that the main inspiration is \"like we're in the walls of our minds, sort of\". During an interview with MTV News, she further revealed the concept of the video, \"It's mostly live performance. It's not so much fluff and flying and tricks and wolves and stuff. It's more really just about the song, and that is unique for us. We usually do crazy stuff. It's gonna be sort of like a video within the video. Since the song is our heaviest single, we really wanted to focus on mostly performance but still have something about it that's really unique. And I think [Paul] really hit the nail on the head.\" The video starts with Lee laying on a couch and as the song progresses, she starts singing the lyrics \"It's true, we're all a little insane, but it's so clear now that I am unchained\" while getting up from it. She wears a red dress and red make-up on her face. Later another scenes, show her singing in a room similar to \"The Cell\", while the band is performing in another room. \"Sweet Sacrifice\" was part of the set list during the band's second worldwide The Open Door Tour (2006). Some of the performances included those in The Great Saltair in Saltair, Utah on October 25, 2006, and on April 4, 2007 in Dunkin' Donuts Center in Providence, Rhode Island. It was later played live at the Sydney Entertainment Centre in Sydney, Australia on March 29, 2012. The song is used in the direct-to-video film \"\". There are two versions of the single that have been released, they have different photos by Amy V. Cooper. Credits for \"Sweet Sacrifice\" are taken from \"The",
"I am unchained\" while getting up from it. She wears a red dress and red make-up on her face. Later another scenes, show her singing in a room similar to \"The Cell\", while the band is performing in another room. \"Sweet Sacrifice\" was part of the set list during the band's second worldwide The Open Door Tour (2006). Some of the performances included those in The Great Saltair in Saltair, Utah on October 25, 2006, and on April 4, 2007 in Dunkin' Donuts Center in Providence, Rhode Island. It was later played live at the Sydney Entertainment Centre in Sydney, Australia on March 29, 2012. The song is used in the direct-to-video film \"\". There are two versions of the single that have been released, they have different photos by Amy V. Cooper. Credits for \"Sweet Sacrifice\" are taken from \"The Open Door\" liner notes. On the German Singles Chart, \"Sweet Sacrifice\" peaked at number 75, where it stayed one week. However, the song fell out of the chart on July 8, 2007, spending a total of 4 weeks on the chart. It also peaked at number 11 on the Turkish Singles Chart, and number 24 on \"Billboard\"s Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. Sweet Sacrifice \"Sweet Sacrifice\" is a song by American rock band Evanescence. It was released on May 25, 2007, as the third single from their second studio album, \"The Open Door\". It was written by Amy Lee and Terry Balsamo while the production was handled by Dave Fortman. \"All That I'm Living For\" was initially planned to be the third single, as announced at live concerts and online. However, due to requests"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Pete Muller (photographer) Pete Muller is an American photographer and multimedia reporter based in Nairobi, Kenya. His work focuses on masculinity, human ecology, national identity and conflict. He has won various awards and is a member of the photographic collective, Prime. Muller is a contributing photographer to The New York Times, The Washington Post, National Geographic Magazine and other leading photographic outlets. He has provided media support for human rights and development organizations such as the International Criminal Court, the Nobel Women's Initiative, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, UNICEF, Norwegian People's Aid, Greenpeace and others. Muller earned a bachelor's degree from the American University in Washington D.C. where he studied history and international peace and conflict resolution. He focused on the historical origins of contemporary ethnic conflict with particular interest in Israeli-Palestinian affairs, former Yugoslavia and the Caucasus; and social constructions of masculinity. Muller's career began in 2005 with the Maan News Agency in the Palestinian Territories where he worked as a reporter and editor covering events in the West Bank, East Jerusalem and the Gaza Strip including Israeli settlement construction, Israel's 2005 withdrawal from Gaza, and the 2006 Palestinian Legislative Council elections and the subsequent international boycott of the Hamas-led government. He has since covered political and social issues in northern Uganda, Somalia, Sudan, Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of Congo and other areas affected by conflict and social strife. From 2009-2012 he was based in Juba, South Sudan covering the country's transition to independence following decades of civil war. In addition to chronicling the political issues surrounding secession, he explored the tenuous national identity of the new South. This work is born of Muller's long-standing interest in nation-states, identity and conflict in post-colonial environments. Muller's ongoing work examines varied social notions of masculinity. In 2009, he exhibited images from northern Uganda with Magnum photographer Peter van Agtmael. The show, \"Until the Grass Is Gone: Images of Transition in Northern Uganda\", received critical acclaim and appeared on extended exhibit during DC FotoWeek 2009. In 2011 his work on mobile military tribunals that aim to reduce mass rape in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo was included in the Open Society Foundation \"Moving Walls 19 Documentary Photography Exhibit\". In 2017, he was the Cyrus Vance Visiting Profesor in International Relations at Mount Holyoke College in western Massachusetts. He is the grandson of Leon Kelly, one of the pioneers of surrealist painting in the United States. Pete Muller (photographer) Pete Muller is an American photographer and multimedia reporter based in Nairobi, Kenya. His work focuses on masculinity, human ecology, national identity and conflict. He has won various awards and is a member of the photographic collective, Prime. Muller is a contributing photographer to The New York Times, The Washington Post, National Geographic Magazine and other leading photographic outlets. He has provided media support for human rights and development organizations such as the International Criminal Court, the Nobel Women's Initiative, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, UNICEF, Norwegian People's Aid, Greenpeace and others. Muller earned a"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Wilfred Greenfield Wilfred Greenfield (born June 9, 1992) is a Liberian who plays as a midfielder for Swedish club IF Älgarna. The offensive midfielder was one of the most attractive players in the Liberian top flight league during his term with Mighty Barrolle from 2008 to 2010. During his stay with the national team, he was rated as one of Liberia's brightest young midfielders. The Monrovia-born attacking midfielder dominated the league with many assists and gave Mighty Barrolle to their first treble after many years. The team frequently counted on his excellent passes during international matches, and he was noticed for his passing ability and goals creation path through the attacking third. Greenfield departed Liberia for a tryout with the Swedish club Carlstad United BK in 2010 and signed his first professional contract. He was then a key member of Sköndal football club from 2011 to 2013. Wilfred Greenfield Wilfred Greenfield (born June 9, 1992) is a Liberian who plays as a midfielder for Swedish club IF Älgarna. The offensive midfielder was one of the most attractive players in the Liberian top flight league during his term with Mighty Barrolle from 2008 to 2010. During his stay with the national"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Torpex Torpex is a secondary explosive, 50% more powerful than TNT by mass. Torpex comprises 42% RDX, 40% TNT and 18% powdered aluminium. It was used in the Second World War from late 1942, at which time some used the names Torpex and RDX interchangeably, much to the confusion of todays historical researchers. The name is short for \"torpedo explosive\", having been originally developed for use in torpedoes. Torpex proved to be particularly useful in underwater munitions because the aluminium component had the effect of making the explosive pulse last longer, which increased the destructive power. Torpex was used only in critical applications, e.g. torpedoes, depth charges, and the Upkeep, Tallboy, and Grand Slam bombs. It was also used in the Operation Aphrodite drones. Torpex has long been superseded by H6 and PBX compositions. It is therefore regarded as obsolete, so Torpex is unlikely to be encountered except in old munitions or unexploded ordnance. Torpex was developed at the Royal Gunpowder Factory, Waltham Abbey, in the United Kingdom as a more powerful military alternative to TNT. RDX was developed in 1899. Though very stable and serving as the reference point by which the sensitivity of other explosives are judged, it was too expensive for most military applications and reserved for use in the most important products, such as torpedoes. Aluminium powder was also added to the mix to further enhance the effect. Although both RDX and TNT have a negative oxygen balance, the superheated aluminium component tends to contribute primarily by extending the expansion time of the explosive product gases. Beeswax was also added as a phlegmatizing agent, to reduce sensitivity to shock and impact. Later, beeswax was replaced with paraffin wax, and calcium chloride was added as a moisture absorber to reduce the production of hydrogen gas under high humidity. Torpex Torpex is a secondary explosive, 50% more powerful than TNT by mass. Torpex comprises 42% RDX, 40% TNT and 18% powdered aluminium. It was used in the Second World War from late 1942, at which time some used the names Torpex and RDX interchangeably, much to the confusion of todays historical researchers. The name is short for \"torpedo explosive\", having been originally developed for use in torpedoes. Torpex proved to be particularly useful in underwater munitions because the aluminium component had the effect of making the explosive pulse last longer, which increased the destructive power. Torpex was used"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Coachman Caravans Coachman Caravans Company Limited was set up in 1986 on a green-field site at its current manufacturing base on the Sutton Fields Industrial Estate in Hull. The Company was set up to produce touring caravans, vehicles equipped for living in, typically towed by a car and used for holidays and also known as a travel trailer in the United States. The company was founded by Jim Hibbs and George Kemp, two former directors of a leading caravan manufacturer. Coachman also recently appointed a new Managing Director, Martin Henderson, former Sales and Marketing Director at The Explorer Group. In the summer of 1997, the Company was taken over by the Explorer Group Limited of Consett in County Durham. Under the new ownership the Company’s fortunes flourished and the directors organised a management buy-out in the Autumn of 2001, returning the Company into the ownership of four Hull families. In 2013, Coachman Caravans ventured into exporting caravans to Australia and New Zealand. In 1994, the company exported to the Benelux countries of the Netherlands and Belgium. Coachman Caravans has a formal apprenticeship programme, where they are keen to pass skills down to the next generation. Coachman was successful in Caravan’s 2013 awards and won three awards including the Caravan of the Year for the Coachman Pastiche 525/4. In 2014 and 2015 the company won more awards from both Practical Caravan and Caravan Awards including the \"Best Family Caravan\" for two years in a row. Following on from this success with their 2016 season collection Coachman has won 4 awards from The Caravan Design Awards and \"Best Mid Range\" from Scottish Caravanner. Coachman Caravans Coachman Caravans Company Limited was set up in 1986 on a green-field site at its current manufacturing base on the Sutton Fields Industrial Estate in Hull. The"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Babu M. Palissery Babu M. Palissery is a member of Communist Party of India (Marxist) from Thrissur and Member of the Kerala Legislative Assembly from Kunnamkulam Assembly Constituency.this is his 2nd consecutive time he eclected from Kunnamkulam Assembly. Babu M Palissery, born Sankaranarayan, was the eldest son of Chinnapan Nayar and Amminiyamma. He had 4 siblings named Aniyan, Balagi, Thankamol and Raji.While being a student in Sanskrit college he was charged for the murder of an SFI student activist there.Allegedly Shankaranarayanan was a member of ABVP, the student wing of RSS.While contesting for elections to Kerala Assembly for the first time in 2006, he changes his name which caused a huge hue and cry from his political opponents. At the age of 38, he married Indira and had two children, Aswathy Palissery and Akhil Palissery.On Kerala Legislative Assembly election, 2006 he beat his opponent by 21,785 votes.and On Kerala State Legislative Assembly election, 2011 he is studied in pattambi he beat his Opponent Mr.CP John and become 2nd consecutive time as Member of the Kerala Legislative Assembly from Kunnamkulam. Babu M. Palissery Babu M. Palissery is a member of Communist Party of India (Marxist) from Thrissur and Member of the"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
{
"retrieved": [
"Christian Order Christian Order is a British-based monthly magazine for Traditionalist Catholics which was described by John Beaumont of \"Fidelity\" magazine in 1996 as \"most influential of the conservative Catholic journals in the United Kingdom\". It was originally devoted to the Catholic response to social issues, taking a distributist stance sceptical of the welfare state. In the 1970s a number of contributors were attracted such as George Telford (former vice-chairman and Secretary to the Catechetical Commission of the Bishops of England and Wales) and the lay author Michael Davies. The magazine's rationale is presented in confrontational terms: The Neocatechumenal Way is criticized in the magazine as \"heretical\" (Lutheran) and a \"Trojan horse\" in the Church. In an article published in the magazine, CJ O'Hehir described Ireland as \"the most anti-Catholic Catholic country in the world, and the most monolithically liberal of the world's democracies.\" The magazine has republished articles from \"Daylight,\" the magazine of the Catholic creationist Daylight Origins Society. It has been criticised by \"Searchlight\" magazine for having among its contributors \"extremists\" (including John Vennari), a \"race-baiter\" (E. Michael Jones) and an \"antisemitic conspiracist\" (Robert Sungenis), and the website \"Catholic Culture\" suggests that its contents should be looked at in \"a critical light\" due to \"a bias against Church leaders, Vatican II, and the New Mass.\" Christian Order Christian Order is a British-based monthly magazine for Traditionalist Catholics which was described by John Beaumont of \"Fidelity\" magazine in 1996 as \"most influential of the conservative Catholic journals in the United Kingdom\". It was originally devoted to the Catholic response to social issues, taking a distributist stance sceptical of the welfare state. In the 1970s a number of contributors were attracted such as George Telford (former vice-chairman and Secretary to the Catechetical Commission of the Bishops of England and Wales)"
]
}
|
RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.