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"Muzan-e Muzan-e (), also known as \"Bloody Prints\", refers to Japanese woodcut prints of violent nature published in the late Edo and Meiji periods. One of the earliest and most well-known examples is the collection by the artists Yoshitoshi and Yoshiiku from the 1860s, which depicted several gruesome acts of murder or torture based on historical events or scenes in Kabuki plays. Although most of the works are solely violent by nature, it is perhaps the first known example of ero guro or the erotic grotesque in Japanese culture, an art subgenre which depicts either erotic or extreme images of violence and mutilation. The Muzan-e has influenced many modern day art formats and ero guro can be found in manga with the works of Suehiro Maruo, Shintaro Kago or Toshio Maeda; in many live action films such as the pink film movement and most of the works of director Takashi Miike and even non-Japanese artists such as Trevor Brown. Muzan translates from Japanese as cruelty or atrocity, and the works were said to spread a general panic amongst the populace at the time of publishing, with the extreme violence depicted in the paintings taken as a sign of social and moral decline. Muzan-e Muzan-e (), also known as \"Bloody Prints\", refers to Japanese woodcut prints of violent nature published in the late Edo and Meiji periods. One of the earliest and most well-known examples is the collection by the artists Yoshitoshi and Yoshiiku from the 1860s, which depicted several gruesome acts of murder or torture based on historical events or scenes in Kabuki plays. Although most of the works are solely violent by nature, it is perhaps the first known example of ero guro or the erotic grotesque in Japanese culture, an art subgenre which depicts either erotic or extreme"
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"retrieved": [
"Ogbonna Nwuke Ogbonna Nwuke (born 16 September 1959) is a Nigerian politician, newspaper publisher and owner of the Port Harcourt Telegraph. He has served in both non-elected and elected public offices, including Director of Press Affairs to Governor Chibuike Amaechi, Commissioner of Information and Communications (2008–2009) as well as Commerce and Industry (2009–2010) and Member of the House of Representatives for Etche–Omuma constituency (2011–2015). Ogbonna Nwuke was born on 16 September 1959 to the Nwuke family in Omuma local government area, Rivers State. His father J.H.E. was Parliamentary Secretary of Internal Affairs under the Nnamdi Azikiwe administration in Eastern Nigeria, later Provincial Commissioner of Port Harcourt Province and Minister of State for Works under the M.I. Okpara administration. Nwuke was elected to the House of Representatives of Nigeria in 2011. He represented the federal constituency Etche-Omuma until 2015. Ogbonna Nwuke Ogbonna Nwuke (born 16 September 1959) is a Nigerian politician, newspaper publisher and owner of the Port Harcourt Telegraph. He has served in both non-elected and elected public offices, including Director of Press Affairs to Governor Chibuike Amaechi, Commissioner of Information and Communications (2008–2009) as well as Commerce and Industry (2009–2010) and Member of the House of Representatives for Etche–Omuma"
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"Lordscairnie Castle Lordscairnie Castle is a ruin situated near Moonzie, north-east of Cupar, in Fife, Scotland. It is protected as a scheduled monument. Cairnie was a property of the Lindsay family, later Earls of Crawford, from 1355. The tower was constructed around 1500 by Alexander Lindsay of Auchtermoonzie (d.1517). The second son of the 4th earl of Crawford, Alexander subsequently became 7th earl, inheriting the earldom from his nephew who was killed at the Battle of Flodden in 1513. According to John Knox, James V of Scotland visited the castle just before his death in 1542, to visit the earl's daughter who was \"one of his whores\". It was unoccupied in the 17th century, and was used for religious meetings by an outlawed Episcopal congregation. It was later used for agricultural purposes. It was originally an L-plan tower house with five storeys, including a barrel-vaulted basement and a garret. The stair tower is located on the north-west side, linking all floors from a ground floor entrance. The parapet and many of the dressed stones forming the window surrounds have been lost. To the north-east is a single round tower, once flanking a gate within an outer enclosure wall. In 1996 the castle was bought by an American millionaire, Robert Bourne, who planned to restore it as a second home and a retreat for software developers. However, he sold the castle in 2003 without starting any work. It was on the market again in 2012, with an asking price in the region of £220,000. It was estimated that at least £1 million would be needed to undertake restoration. Lordscairnie Castle Lordscairnie Castle is a ruin situated near Moonzie, north-east of Cupar, in Fife, Scotland. It is protected as a scheduled monument. Cairnie was a property of the Lindsay family, later Earls"
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"Mazda Lantis The Mazda Lantis is a series of two cars sold in Japan from 1993 to 1997. In the rest of the world it was also known as 323F, Astina, Allegro Hatchback or Artis Hatchback. The Mazda Lantis used Mazda's CB platform, which means close relations to the Eunos 500/Xedos 6 and the 1994-1997 Mazda Capella. It was an FF layout car with either a manual or automatic transmission. The body variant is what Mazda called a \"4-door coupé\", which in common terminology is a 5-door hatchback. In Europe the 5-door hatchback was designated BA, but was actually almost identical to the CB, and had little to do with other B platforms. The 5-door was sold as the Mazda 323F in Europe, Artis in Chile and Allegro Hatchback (HB) in Colombia and a few other countries of Latin America. This model was penned by Ginger (Arnold) Ostle, who worked for Porsche before arriving at Mazda. The Mazda 323F features power steering, electrically adjustable mirrors, central locking and power windows. Another noticeable feature are the frameless windows, similar to the Nissan Presea. By the time the cars premiered in August 1993, Mazda's multi-brand strategy had become difficult to sustain, so both Lantis variants were released to Mazda, Efini and Eunos dealerships. Sales in Japan were lacklustre throughout the Lantis' production run, but the 323F proved to be immensely popular in Europe and some Latin America countries, where it sold in reasonable numbers right until it was discontinued. The JDM Lantis was a popular used export to New Zealand. The rare Type-R version of the Mazda Lantis was sold in Japan only and could be obtained in Europe and other parts of the world through import. The Type-R features a 170ps 2.0L KF-ZE v6 engine, Limited-Slip Differential and appearance options like a front lip spoiler, side skirts, floating rear spoiler, coloured front indicators and other modifications. The name Lantis is created from the Latin phrase \"Latens Curtis\", which roughly translates as \"To secretly shorten\". Although the 323F lacks a badge indicating which engine is fitted, the V6 version is easily recognizable since it is the only 323F with 5 stud hubs. The South African and possibly other versions of the 323F branded as the Astina do include badges on the back indicating the engine capacity. The 1.8l is displayed with a badge reading 180 for example. The regular 1.5L and 1.8L injection engines are very suitable to fit an LPG installation. The Indonesian Mazda Astina is often mistakenly called an RX-3. Mazda Lantis The Mazda Lantis is a series of two cars sold in Japan from 1993 to 1997. In the rest of the world it was also known as 323F, Astina, Allegro Hatchback or Artis Hatchback. The Mazda Lantis used Mazda's CB platform, which means close relations to the Eunos 500/Xedos 6 and the 1994-1997 Mazda Capella. It was an FF layout car with either a manual or automatic transmission. The body variant is what Mazda called a \"4-door coupé\","
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"Ciudad Juárez Cathedral The Our Lady of Guadalupe Cathedral () Also Ciudad Juárez Cathedral Is the name that receives a Catholic temple dedicated to the Virgin of Guadalupe, that is located in Ciudad Juárez in the border state of Chihuahua, in Mexico, in the area called Historical Center. It was built in the middle of the second half of the twentieth century and is annexed to the old and still preserved Franciscan mission, founded in the 17th century, in the then \"Paso del Norte\". The first temple of the area, still preserved, was erected by the order of the Franciscans who began to Christianize the natives. On December 8, 1659, Fray García de San Francisco founded the Guadalupe de los Mansos Mission in the Paso del Norte river. The place came to take importance, since it became to be capital of the kingdom of New Mexico, from 1681 to 1693. With the growth of the city, already entered the twentieth century, at the initiative of Father Baudelio Pelayo, annexed to the temple, the new cathedral was built. This was consecrated in the year 1941. Completed the construction in the year of 1957, was designated soothes of Diocese of Ciudad Juárez. Ciudad Juárez Cathedral The Our Lady of Guadalupe Cathedral () Also Ciudad Juárez Cathedral Is the name that receives a Catholic temple dedicated to the Virgin of Guadalupe, that is located in Ciudad Juárez in the border state of Chihuahua, in Mexico, in the area called Historical Center. It was built in the middle of the second half of the twentieth century and is annexed to the old and still preserved Franciscan mission, founded in the 17th century, in the then \"Paso del Norte\". The first temple of the area, still preserved, was erected by the order of the Franciscans"
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"HMCS Chicoutimi (SSK 879) HMCS \"Chicoutimi is a \"Victoria\"-class long-range hunter-killer (SSK) submarine of the Royal Canadian Navy, originally built and operated by the Royal Navy as HMS \"Upholder. Shortly after being handed over by the United Kingdom to Canada she was involved in a partial flooding incident which resulted in a fire at sea. The incident sparked a fierce debate over the value of the purchase of this group of second-hand vessels, as well as the handover inspection process. The accident was determined to have been caused by Royal Canadian Navy personnel breaching SOP. The submarine was repaired and entered Canadian service in 2015. As built the \"Upholder\"/\"Victoria\" class was designed as a replacement for the for use as hunter-killer and training subs. The submarines, which have a single-skinned, teardrop-shaped hull, displace surfaced and submerged. They are long overall with a beam of and a draught of . The submarines are powered by a one shaft diesel-electric system. They are equipped with two Paxman Valenta 1600 RPS SZ diesel engines each driving a GEC electric alternator with two 120-cell chloride batteries. The batteries have a 90-hour endurance at . The ship is propelled by a GEC dual armature electric motor turning a seven-blade fixed pitch propeller. They have a diesel capacity. This gives the subs a maximum speed of on the surface and submerged. They have a range of at and at snorting depth. The class has a reported dive depth of over . The \"Upholder\"/\"Victoria\" class are armed with six torpedo tubes. In British service, the submarines were equipped with 14 Tigerfish Mk 24 Mod 2 torpedoes and four UGM-84 Sub-Harpoon missiles. They could also be adapted for use as a minelayer. The submarines have Type 1007 radar and Type 2040, Type 2019, Type 2007 and Type 2046 sonar installed. The hull is fitted with elastomeric acoustic tiles to reduce acoustic signature. In British service the vessels had a complement of 7 officers and 40 ratings. During the refit for Canadian service, the Sub-Harpoon and mine capabilities were removed and the submarines were equipped with the Lockheed Martin Librascope Submarine fire-control system (SFCS) to meet the operational requirements of the Canadian Navy. Components from the fire control system of the \"Oberon\"-class submarines were installed. This gave the submarines the ability to fire the Gould Mk 48 Mod 4 torpedo. In 2014, the Government of Canada purchased 12 upgrade kits that will allow the submarines to fire the Mk 48 Mod 7AT torpedoes. These radar and sonar systems were later upgraded with the installation of the BAE Type 2007 array and the Type 2046 towed array. The Canadian Towed Array Sonar (CANTASS) has been integrated into the towed sonar suite. The \"Upholder\"-class submarines were equipped with the CK035 electro-optical search periscope and the CH085 optronic attack periscope, originally supplied by Pilkington Optronics. After the Canadian refit, the submarines were equipped with Canadian communication equipment and electronic support measures (ESM). This included two SSE decoy launchers and the AR 900 ESM. The submarine was built for the Royal Navy as HMS \"Upholder\" (S40), the lead ship of the \"Upholder\" (2400) class of submarines, the second vessel to bear the name in the Royal Navy. The submarine was laid down by Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd (VSEL) in February 1983 and launched on 2 December 1986. During construction, work on the submarine was delayed due to a labour strike. \"Upholder\" commissioned into the Royal Navy on 7 December 1990. Her commissioning was delayed due to a problem with the operation of the torpedo tubes, which had to be welded closed to prevent sea water entering the submarine. \"Upholder\" was decommissioned on 29 April 1994 as a financial measure, following the end of the Cold-War and subsequent cancellation of the programme and amidst some controversy. The entire class was declared surplus to requirements in 1994. The British government was looking to discontinue the operation of diesel-electric boats and offered to sell \"Upholder\" and her sister submarines to Canada in 1993. The offer was accepted in 1998. The four boats were leased to the Canadians for US$427 million (plus US$98 million for upgrades and alteration to Canadian standards), with the lease to run for eight years; after this, the submarines would be sold for £1. Problems were discovered with the piping welds on all four submarines, which delayed the reactivation of \"Upholder\" and her three sisters. \"Upholder\" was the last to be restored. When work commenced on the submarine, internal steelwork was found to be corroded, hull valves were cracked, air turbine pumps were defective, and equipment was missing used to refit sister boat (ex-\"Ursula\"). \"Upholder\" was renamed HMCS \"Chicoutimi\", in honour of the city of Chicoutimi, Quebec (now a borough of the city of Saguenay). \"Chicoutimi\" was the last of the newly renamed \"Victoria\"-class vessels to complete the refit and was handed over to Maritime Command on 2 October 2004 at Faslane Naval Base. Two days later, \"Chicoutimi\" set sail for her new home port at CFB Halifax in Nova Scotia. On 5 October, \"Chicoutimi\" was running on the surface, through heavy seas north-west of County Mayo, Ireland. Both hatches in the bridge fin lock-out chamber were left open and an estimated of seawater entered the vessel. The seawater caused an electrical panel to short out, which in turn started a major fire and caused all power to cut out, leaving the submarine adrift. Nine crewmembers were affected by smoke inhalation and the submarine was left drifting without power in heavy seas. The RNLI lifeboat \"Sam and Ada Moody\", stationed on Achill Island, County Mayo was put on standby to assist, but was later stood down. An Irish Navy ship, , responded to the submarine's mayday signal and set out to assist it, but was seriously damaged by the rough seas and forced to return to harbour. The only other Irish Navy ships available to help, and were patrolling off Ireland's southern coast. At 2 p.m. local time, the Royal Navy frigate and the auxiliary vessel reached the crippled \"Chicoutimi\", with an additional three British ships en route. LÉ \"Aoife\" later reached the area and took over coordination of the rescue and salvage efforts. Other British ships dispatched to assist the submarine were and , as well as a number of specialist vessels to handle the situation. The rough conditions in the North Atlantic were impeding efforts to rescue the surfaced \"Chicoutimi\", and a former Canadian naval officer said of \"Chicoutimi\" that \"[it's] not [a] good surface rider at all. It’s by no means unsafe; it’s just very uncomfortable.\" Three of the crew were airlifted by a Royal Navy helicopter for medical treatment after their condition deteriorated. Its original destination was Derry, Northern Ireland, but the helicopter diverted to Sligo, Ireland after one crewman, Lieutenant Chris Saunders, 32, became severely ill. The three crewmen were taken to Sligo General Hospital, where Saunders was pronounced dead. The other two were admitted to the hospital, where one was listed in \"critical\" condition and placed in the intensive care unit, while another was reported as being in a \"stable\" condition. By the evening of 7 October, the weather had abated, and \"Chicoutimi\" was taken in tow by the HM Coastguard tugboat \"Anglian Prince\" to return to Faslane Naval Base in Scotland. The tow was later taken over by the United States Submarine Support Vessel , which was able to increase the towing speed from to , and reached Faslane on the evening of 10 October. \"Chicoutimi\" was escorted into the Royal Navy base by , a Canadian frigate which rushed across the Atlantic after the navy learned of the fire. Following claims made in the Canadian media about the cause of the fire, blaming the United Kingdom for supplying an unsafe vessel, the situation was further exacerbated by controversial comments",
"and placed in the intensive care unit, while another was reported as being in a \"stable\" condition. By the evening of 7 October, the weather had abated, and \"Chicoutimi\" was taken in tow by the HM Coastguard tugboat \"Anglian Prince\" to return to Faslane Naval Base in Scotland. The tow was later taken over by the United States Submarine Support Vessel , which was able to increase the towing speed from to , and reached Faslane on the evening of 10 October. \"Chicoutimi\" was escorted into the Royal Navy base by , a Canadian frigate which rushed across the Atlantic after the navy learned of the fire. Following claims made in the Canadian media about the cause of the fire, blaming the United Kingdom for supplying an unsafe vessel, the situation was further exacerbated by controversial comments made by the UK's Secretary of State for Defence, Geoff Hoon. Hoon accompanied his condolences for Saunders with a proposal that the Royal Navy would charge Canada for the cost of the rescue while also stating that Canada as the buyer had to beware. In Canada, many Second World War veterans were outraged by his comments. As well as promoting speculation regarding problems with the \"Victoria\" class, the incident also sparked debate in Ireland over the country's lack of a rescue tug at that time. After some repairs were made at Faslane, the Department of National Defence contracted Eide Marine Services to transport \"Chicoutimi\" aboard the submersible heavy lift ship \"Eide Transporter\" to Halifax. She departed Faslane on 13 January 2005 and arrived in Halifax on 1 February, where she was dry docked at HMC Dockyard for further work. In April 2006 the Department of National Defence announced that repairs to \"Chicoutimi\" would be deferred until 2010 when the submarine was to undergo a previously scheduled two-year Extended Docking Work Period (refit). From 2006 to 2008 the Department of Public Works and Government Services worked with the Department of National Defence (DND) to issue a Request for Proposal for the Victoria Class In-Service Support Contract Project (VISSC). The result of this RFP saw the VISSC awarded in June 2008 to the Canadian Submarine Maintenance Group (CSMG), a private-sector consortium led by Babcock Marine and Weir Canada Inc. The initial five-year contract for the VISSC will see CSMG establish a submarine maintenance and repair facility at DND's graving dock at CFB Esquimalt near Victoria, British Columbia. The DND graving dock is operated by Washington Marine Group as Victoria Shipyards Inc. Under the terms of the VISSC, CSMG contracted Dockwise USA Inc to transport \"Chicoutimi\" from Halifax to Esquimalt. On 1 April 2009 \"Chicoutimi\" was loaded aboard the submersible heavy lift ship \"Tern\" in Bedford Basin. \"Tern\" departed Halifax on 5 April 2009 and arrived in Esquimalt on 29 April 2009 where \"Chicoutimi\" was transferred to the CSMG facility. In January 2014 it was announced that \"Chicoutimi\" was repaired and was being prepared to be handed back over to the navy. However, the boat would be limited to shallow-water diving for the foreseeable future. It was announced on 28 September 2014 that the submarine began sea trials that would take seven-to-eight weeks to complete. On 7 December 2014 the Ottawa Citizen reported that HMCS \"Chicoutimi\" had completed her sea trials and was handed over to the Royal Canadian Navy on 3 December 2014. The boat was officially commissioned into the Royal Canadian Navy on 3 September 2015. In October 2015, \"Chicoutimi\", along with and , participated in the United States Navy's Task Group Exercise, a naval exercise held off southern California. In 2015, problems with welds were discovered aboard \"Chicoutimi\" and sister boat \"Victoria\". Both submarines were docked to undergo repairs and \"Chicoutimi\" began training exercises in December 2016. In May 2017, \"Chicoutimi\" returned to port after problems arose with the main battery while conducting operations at sea. On 15 June 2017, while \"Chicoutimi\" was docked at CFB Esquimalt, the \"Cougar\" struck the submarine as it was exiting the dockyard. The initial inspection following the collision showed only superficial damage to the protective gear around the submarine. To deal with the ongoing battery issues aboard \"Chicoutimi\", the main battery was transferred from sister boat \"Victoria\". On 7 October 2017, CBC News reported that \"Chicoutimi\" had been sent on a first-ever operational patrol to Asia. \"Chicoutimi\" made a port visit to Yokosuka, Japan while deployed to Asia, marking the first time in 50 years a Canadian submarine has visited the country. The submarine was deployed off the coast of North Korea recording airport departures and arrivals and monitoring sea traffic. The submarine returned to CFB Esquimalt on 21 March 2018. The precursor of \"Upholder\" (S40) was . In 1941 \"Upholder\" (P37) was granted a badge which contained a caryatid. The ship's captain, Lieutenant Commander Malcolm Wanklyn, described the badge as \"an armless Greek bint standing in a dustbin\"; and designed his own unofficial badge for the ship. \"Upholder\" (S40) originally sailed under the earlier \"Upholder\"'s official badge, yet was allowed to sail under the badge designed by Wanklyn. The badge's blue and white \"V\" is in reference to the \"Victoria\"-class submarines and the colours of Quebec. The bear represents the bears which are indigenous to the Chicoutimi area. The bear protects a fleur-de-lis and stands upon waves; representing the lakes and rivers in the Chicoutimi region as well as the maritime environment in which the submarine operates. The badge of \"Chicoutimi\" is blazoned: \"Azure in front of a pile argent bordered throughout by a letter \"V\" also argent fimbriated azure surmounting three bars wavy in base argent a bear rampant sable holding in the forepaws a fleur-de-lis azure\". The colours of \"Chicoutimi\" are blue and white. The motto of \"Chicoutimi\" is \"MAÎTRE DU DOMAINE\", which translates into English as \"master of the domain\". HMCS Chicoutimi (SSK 879) HMCS \"Chicoutimi is a \"Victoria\"-class long-range hunter-killer (SSK) submarine of the Royal Canadian Navy, originally built and operated by the Royal Navy as HMS \"Upholder. Shortly after being handed over by the United Kingdom to Canada she was involved in a partial flooding incident which resulted in a fire at sea. The incident sparked a fierce debate over the value of"
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"Bend Rainbows The Bend Rainbows were a minor league baseball team in Bend, Oregon, from 1970 to 1971. They played in the short-season Class A Northwest League and were an affiliate of the Triple-A Hawaii Islanders of the Pacific Coast League. The Rainbows played their home games at Municipal Ball Park in the south end of Bend, today's Vince Genna Stadium. Actor Kurt Russell played second base for the Rainbows in 1971, hitting .285 with 1 home run. Future Milwaukee Brewers and Chicago Cubs manager Tom Treblehorn also played for the team in both years of its existence. Ed Cecil, a native to Bend, Or. Born in 1942 was the manager/player during the 1971 season. After the 1971 season, the Rainbows moved to Walla Walla and were renamed the Islanders, but for only the 1972 season, and became the Padres in 1973. The Northwest League returned to Bend in 1978 with the Timber Hawks for one season, then continued through 1994, with the Phillies (1979–86), Bucks (1987–91), and Rockies (1992–94). Short-season Class A Bend Rainbows The Bend Rainbows were a minor league baseball team in Bend, Oregon, from 1970 to 1971. They played in the short-season Class A Northwest League"
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"Ram Gopal (dancer) Bissano Ram Gopal OBE (20 November 1912 – 12 October 2003) was an Indian dancer and choreographer who performed mostly as a soloist and toured extensively throughout his lengthy career. A modernist, he blended the classical Indian dance with balletic choreography, and along with Uday Shankar was among the first to showcase Indian classical dance in the West starting in the 1930s, Polish critic Tadeusz Zelenski called him \"the Nijinsky of India\". As a choreographer, he is most known for his productions, \"Legend of the Taj Mahal\", \"Dance of the Setting Sun\" and \"Dances of India\". He is also noted for \"Radha-Krishna\", his collaboration with British ballerina Dame Alicia Markova, in 1960. Gopal was born in Bangalore, India. He was named Bissano, being born on 20 November ( Bees = 20 in Hindi ). He had a Burmese mother and a Rajput father who was a barrister. They lived in a mansion called Torquay Castle. His grandmother was a well known dancer. Drawn to dance early on in his life, he learned Kathakali from Guru Kunju Kurup and Chandu Panickar. Once he danced at the annual garden party of the Maharajah of Mysore without his father's permission, but the Maharaja persuaded his father to allow him receive further dance training. While in this early forties, he discovered Guru Meenakshi Sundaram Pillai of Pandanallur style under whom he started learning Bharatanatyam, followed by Muthukumaran Pillai., he also learned Kathak from Sohanlal and Bowri Prasad and even Manipuri dance, all of which he assimilated into his choreographies in the coming decades. He was invited to the United States by La Meri, an American dancer who specialised in non-Western forms of dance to tour with her through Asia in the 1930s. He made his solo debut in New York City on 1 May 1938, at the 46th Street Theatre. In 1939, he was invited to Paris, where he went with Kathak dancer, Sohanlal. and in the same year he made his London debut at the Aldwych Theatre to immediate fame and went on to meet not just Queen Mary, but also made friends with leading figures of the ballet. He returned to India with Ensa during the World War II. After the War, he returned and noted dancer, Nijinsky came to \"inspect him\" in 1948. He toured extensively as a soloist and with his company both before and after World War II, and soon his production were known for their costumes, staging and lighting. He appeared at the New York Golden Anniversary International Dance Festival at NYC's City Center in 1948 where he represented India, the Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival in the Berkshires in 1954 and Edinburgh Festivals in 1956. He collaborated with ballerina Dame Alicia Markova to create a duet \"Radha-Krishna\" in 1960, based on Hindu mythology, in which she danced as Radha, while he danced as Krishna. Today their collaboration is commemorated at the National Portrait Gallery, London where her bronze bust stands next to his full-length portrait by Feliks Topolski. In the later years, he also danced with Mrinalini Sarabhai in Bangalore, and toured with Kumudini Lakhia. Another successful dance partnership was with the young and talented Tara Chaudhri whom Ram was very fond of. Dance critic, Cyril Beaumont editor of \"Dance Journal\", wrote about his dancing, \"what impresses one most about Ram Gopal's dancing is the manner in which he is able to assimilate the characteristics of the four schools of technique so completely different in style, costume and mood.\" He also danced in the Mumbai school run by the Austrian expressionist dancer Hilde Holger, with whom he remained friends and collaborated with her in their experimental dance style pieces. In Kay Ambrose book published in 1950, \"\"Classical Dances and Costumes of India,\"\" the book is introduced by Ram Gopal, with foreword by Arnold Haskell containing 53 Illustrations from Photographs and many Drawings by the Author. In this introduction is included a letter Ram Gopal wrote Kay Ambrose from Bangalore, his birthplace in February 1942. The book has many photo's and illustration of Ram Gopal performing these classical dances. He published \"Indian Dancing\" in 1951, and his autobiography \"Rhythms in the Heavens\" in 1957., he also opened two dance schools for a short while, first in Bangalore before moving to England and later \"Academy of Indian Dance and Music\" in London in 1962. In his later years he lived in London, Venice and the South of France. The French filmmaker Claude Lamorisse made two films about him: \"Aum Shiva\" and \"Ram\". He received an Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to dance in 1999, and the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship, by the Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy for Music, Dance and Drama in 1990. During the 1960s, while living in Chelsea, London he was briefly married to Edith Alexander, though the marriage ended only a few years later, with her death. The couple had no children. He died in Norbury Care Home in Croydon, South London, UK., where he spent the last three-year of his life after unsuccessfully attempting to settle down in his native Bangalore. His stay was sponsored by the Lamorrise family, Croydon Council and the Royal Ballet Benevolent Fund. After cremation his ashes were scattered on the grounds of Lamorrise family chateau in South of France where, he had spent a decade as a house guest of Mrs Claude Lamorrise. Pam Cullen, former cultural advisor to the Indian High Commission and Gopal's close friend, became the executor of the \"Ram Gopal Estate\" and donated some of his costume pieces, especially ornate headgears to V&A Museum, London. Ram Gopal (dancer) Bissano Ram Gopal OBE (20 November 1912 – 12 October 2003) was an Indian dancer and choreographer who performed mostly as a soloist and toured extensively throughout his lengthy career. A modernist, he blended the classical Indian dance with balletic choreography, and along with Uday Shankar was among the first to showcase Indian classical dance in the West starting in the"
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"During the 22 minute match Punk delivered a Macho Man elbow drop from the top rope onto The Undertaker, who was draped on the Spanish broadcast table. Undertaker survived this, and, after Punk hit The Undertaker with the urn containing the alleged ashes of Paul Bearer, Undertaker reversed CM Punk's GTS finishing move and hit a Tombstone Piledriver on Punk to mark the final victory in The Streak. \n Following a match involving a brawl through the crowd, The Undertaker finally pinned Triple H after using the Last Ride. This bout marked The Undertaker's first WrestleMania appearance under his \"American Badass\" biker persona. \n WWE has released various DVDs covering The Streak, including a four-disc set to mark the 20–0 milestone in 2012. An updated version including the final victory over CM Punk, as well as the loss to Brock Lesnar, was issued in 2015. \n In February 2016, Shane McMahon returned to the WWE, but was disappointed in how things were being run and wanted control of Raw, so Vince McMahon gave Shane the ultimatum that if Shane could defeat an opponent in a match of Vince's choosing at WrestleMania 32, Shane would gain control of Raw, which Shane accepted. Vince named The Undertaker as Shane's opponent in a Hell in a Cell match and later gave The Undertaker the stipulation that if he were to lose, he could no longer appear at WrestleMania. During the match, Shane attempted an elbow drop from the top of the cell onto Undertaker, who was laid out on a broadcast table, but Undertaker moved, causing Shane to crash through the table. The Undertaker defeated Shane, making his record 23-1, retaining the right to continue appearing at WrestleMania while ostensibly preventing Shane from gaining control of Raw (although he temporarily did by other means). \n Despite The Undertaker's scheduled tag team partner Nathan Jones being removed from the match beforehand, Jones helped Undertaker win by delivering kicks to both Big Show and A-Train, and allowing The Undertaker to hit a Tombstone Piledriver on A-Train to get the pinfall win. This bout at WrestleMania XIX would be the last match Undertaker would have under the \"American Badass\" persona. \n Undertaker used his signature moves Snake Eyes, Old School, and a flying clothesline early on, before executing a suicide dive to Batista, who then retaliated by performing a running powerslam through the ECW broadcast table. Batista put Undertaker back in the ring and attempted a pin to no avail as Undertaker kicked out, who then did the Last Ride and a chokeslam, but was unable to score a pin from either move. Batista then hit a spear and his finishing move the Batista Bomb, but Undertaker stunned everybody by kicking out. Batista tried another, but was countered and Undertaker hit a Tombstone Piledriver on Batista to win the World Heavyweight Championship. \n WrestleMania is the premier annual event of the largest professional wrestling promotion in the United States, WWE. Formed as a counter to Jim Crockett Promotions' successful Starrcade event, WrestleMania I was broadcast to one million nationwide via closed-circuit television and pay-per-view. WrestleMania's widespread success helped transform the sport of professional wrestling and made WWE the most successful wrestling promotion in the world, prompting WWE to promote the event as the \"Super Bowl of sports entertainment\". \n On October 23, 2010, after losing his UFC Heavyweight Championship to Cain Velasquez at UFC 121, Brock Lesnar was confronted by The Undertaker, who asked, \"you wan na do it?\" The incident led to speculation about a WrestleMania match between the two, and marked the genesis of their feud. \n After delivering his finishing move, the DDT, to The Undertaker for the second time, Jake Roberts went to the outside to attack Undertaker's manager Paul Bearer. The Undertaker then delivered a Tombstone Piledriver to Roberts, before rolling him inside the ring and pinning him. \n At the 2017 Royal Rumble on January 29, Roman Reigns eliminated The Undertaker from the Royal Rumble match, claiming that the ring was his yard, which The Undertaker had claimed for years. On the March 6 episode of Raw, Braun Strowman (who lost to Reigns the night before at Fastlane) called out Reigns, but Undertaker came out instead and the two had a staredown until Strowman left, immediately after which Reigns came out and got in Undertaker's face and again claimed that the ring was his yard now, resulting in Undertaker performing a chokeslam on Reigns. A match (later made a No Holds Barred match) between the two at WrestleMania 33 was made official the following week and Reigns told Shawn Michaels that he would retire The Undertaker just as Undertaker had retired Michaels. At the event on April 2, Reigns gave Undertaker his second WrestleMania loss after performing his finisher move, the spear, five times, making Undertaker's record 23-2. Post-match, The Undertaker symbolically left his gloves, coat, and hat in the center of the ring. At the center of the entrance ramp, he did his signature arm raise taunt as he was lowered below the stage. There was much speculation that this was Undertaker's final match. \n In a match for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship, the finish came when Bret Hart distracted Sid long enough for The Undertaker to take advantage and deliver a Tombstone Piledriver. \n The Streak was a series of 21 straight victories for professional wrestler The Undertaker (Mark Calaway) at WWE's premier annual event, WrestleMania. It began at WrestleMania VII in 1991 when he beat Jimmy Snuka, with the final win coming against CM Punk at WrestleMania 29 in 2013; The Undertaker was absent from WrestleMania X (1994) and WrestleMania 2000, owing to injury. Overall, he defeated 18 men during The Streak, which included three bouts with Triple H and two each opposite Kane and Shawn Michaels, as well as a handicap match against A-Train and Big Show at WrestleMania XIX. Although part of professional wrestling storyline, this run of victories was described by sports news publication The 42 as the \"greatest winning streak in sport\", while Sky Sports likened it to that of boxer Floyd Mayweather. \n In the lead-up to WrestleMania XXVII, Triple H vowed to do what his best friend, Shawn Michaels, could not:end The Streak. After a near-30 minute bout, in a match contested under No Holds Barred rules, and after both men kicked out of each other's finishing move, The Undertaker was triumphant when he locked in the Hell's Gate on Triple H; Triple H attempted to use a sledgehammer while in the hold, but was unable to do so before tapping out. Although victorious, it was the first time that The Undertaker legitimately could not walk out of the arena, and had to be stretchered to the back by paramedics. \n The finish to the match came when Randy Orton attempted to execute a Tombstone Piledriver, only for it to be reversed by The Undertaker into one of his own. \n Prior to leaving for WCW, Diesel lost to The Undertaker via Tombstone Piledriver. \n After Kane had kicked out of two Tombstone Piledrivers, The Undertaker delivered a third to pick up the win over his (storyline) brother.",
"The finish to the match came when Randy Orton attempted to execute a Tombstone Piledriver, only for it to be reversed by The Undertaker into one of his own. \n Prior to leaving for WCW, Diesel lost to The Undertaker via Tombstone Piledriver. \n After Kane had kicked out of two Tombstone Piledrivers, The Undertaker delivered a third to pick up the win over his (storyline) brother. \n During the match, Undertaker attempted his signature suicide dive, but Michaels pulled a cameraman in the way, leaving Undertaker to land awkwardly on his neck; the spot was said to have \"added more drama and emotion to the match, and gave it an element of realism\". The finish, described as \"emotionally charged\", involved Undertaker using all four of his recognised finishing moves (Tombstone Piledriver, Last Ride, chokeslam, Hell's Gate) without managing to finish the match on any occasion; Undertaker's \"wide eyed look of sadness and desperation on his face\" after Michaels kicked out of the Tombstone Piledriver was described as a \"snapshot of the heart and passion that was on display at the spectacle\". Michaels made a comeback, and eventually hit Sweet Chin Music, but Undertaker kicked out. Soon after, Michaels attempted a top-rope moonsault, but was caught by Undertaker, who executed a second Tombstone Piledriver and finally won the match. \n Fought under No Disqualification rules, The Undertaker beat Ric Flair after delivering a Tombstone Piledriver, despite interference from Arn Anderson. \n The Undertaker won the casket match when he put Mark Henry inside the casket. \n Born Mark William Calaway on March 24, 1965 in Houston, Texas, The Undertaker is an American professional wrestler. He is currently signed to WWE, where he has worked since 1990, making him the company's longest-tenured in-ring performer. Calaway began his wrestling career with World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW) in 1984. After wrestling for World Championship Wrestling (WCW) as \"Mean\" Mark Callous from 1989 to 1990, he signed with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, later WWE) in 1990. In WWE, The Undertaker is a seven-time world champion, having won the WWF/E Championship four times and the World Heavyweight Championship three times, as well as the winner of the 2007 Royal Rumble. He is recognized as the fourth youngest WWF/E Champion in history, having won the title aged 26 years, 8 months, and 3 days. \n Having won the 2007 Royal Rumble, The Undertaker earned the opportunity to select his opponent for WrestleMania 23. With the option to wrestle WWE Champion John Cena, ECW Champion Bobby Lashley, or World Heavyweight Champion Batista, The Undertaker chose Batista. \n The match was described as \"show-stealing\" and an \"instant classic\", and was eventually hailed by many as the greatest bout in WrestleMania history. \n The match ended when Snuka's attempted springboard maneuver was countered as The Undertaker caught him, and he then hit the Tombstone Piledriver before pinning Snuka. \n The Undertaker initially rejected a rematch with Shawn Michaels, saying \"a rematch at this year's WrestleMania will only result in more bitter disappointment for yourself. Shawn, I've got nothing to prove to you. My answer is' No'\", before Michaels retaliated by saying \"I'll see you at WrestleMania. Your streak, your title, your soul will be mine\". At Elimination Chamber, Michaels cost Undertaker his World Heavyweight Championship, coming out from under the ring and connecting with Sweet Chin Music and allowing Chris Jericho to pin him. \n Taking exception to Lesnar's boasting about ending The Streak, The Undertaker cost him a WWE World Heavyweight Championship victory at Battleground in July 2015, instigating a rematch between the two at the next month's SummerSlam. At that event on August 23, after a distraction and a low blow, Undertaker gained his first televised singles victory over Lesnar when the latter passed out to Hell's Gate. A Hell in a Cell match between the pair at October's Hell in a Cell, billed as their final meeting, was won by Lesnar. \n Towards the end, Michaels hit Sweet Chin Music on the outside, leaving Undertaker lay on the broadcast table, before performing a top-rope moonsault, breaking the table. At the end of a 24-minute match, after kicking out of a Tombstone Piledriver, Michaels slapped The Undertaker, leading to Undertaker executing a jumping Tombstone Piledriver on Michaels. As a result of the loss per the pre-match stipulations, Michaels retired from professional wrestling, a moment described as \"the end of an era\". \n Undefeated WrestleMania streak of The Undertaker \n--- \nStreak | Date | Match time | Venue | Note \n1–0 Jimmy Snuka | 000000001991-03-24-0000 March 24, 1991 WrestleMania VII | 4:20 Pinfall | Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena Los Angeles, California | This marked the first victory of The Streak \n2–0 Jake Roberts | 000000001992-04-05-0000 April 5, 1992 WrestleMania VIII | 6:36 Pinfall | Hoosier Dome Indianapolis, Indiana | \n3–0 Giant González | 000000001993-04-04-0000 April 4, 1993 WrestleMania IX | 7:33 Disqualification | Caesars Palace Las Vegas, Nevada | \n4–0 King Kong Bundy | 000000001995-04-02-0000 April 2, 1995 WrestleMania XI | 6:36 Pinfall | Hartford Civic Center Hartford, Connecticut | \n5–0 Diesel | 000000001996-03-31-0000 March 31, 1996 WrestleMania XII | 16:46 Pinfall | Arrowhead Pond Anaheim, California | \n6–0 Sycho Sid | 000000001997-03-23-0000 March 23, 1997 WrestleMania 13 | 21:19 Pinfall | Rosemont Horizon Rosemont, Illinois | This was for the WWF Championship \n7–0 Kane | 000000001998-03-29-0000 March 29, 1998 WrestleMania XIV | 16:58 Pinfall | Fleet Center Boston, Massachusetts | \n8–0 Big Boss Man | 000000001999-03-28-0000 March 28, 1999 WrestleMania XV | 9:48 Pinfall | First Union Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | This was a Hell in a Cell match \n9–0 Triple H | 000000002001-04-01-0000 April 1, 2001 WrestleMania X-Seven | 18:17 Pinfall | Reliant Astrodome Houston, Texas | \n10–0 Ric Flair | 000000002002-03-17-0000 March 17, 2002 WrestleMania X8 | 18:47 Pinfall | SkyDome Toronto, Ontario, Canada | This was a no disqualification match \n11–0 A-Train and Big Show | 000000002003-03-30-0000 March 30, 2003 WrestleMania XIX | 9:45 Pinfall | Safeco Field Seattle, Washington | This was a 2-on-1 handicap match \n12–0 Kane | 000000002004-03-14-0000 March 14, 2004 WrestleMania XX | 7:45 Pinfall | Madison Square Garden New York City, New York | \n13–0 Randy Orton | 000000002005-04-03-0000 April 3, 2005 WrestleMania 21 | 14:14 Pinfall | Staples Center Los Angeles, California | The first time the Undertaker was challenged explicitly to end The Streak. This was also where The Streak was given its name. \n14–0 Mark Henry | 000000002006-04-02-0000 April 2, 2006 WrestleMania 22 | 9:26 Casket | Allstate Arena Rosemont, Illinois | This was a casket match \n15–0 Batista | 000000002007-04-01-0000 April 1, 2007 WrestleMania 23 | 15:47 Pinfall | Ford Field Detroit, Michigan | This was for the World Heavyweight Championship \n16–0 Edge | 000000002008-03-30-0000 March 30, 2008 WrestleMania XXIV | 24:03 Submission | Citrus Bowl Orlando, Florida | This was for the World Heavyweight Championship \n17–0 Shawn Michaels | 000000002009-04-05-0000 April 5, 2009 WrestleMania XXV | 30:44 Pinfall | Reliant Stadium Houston, Texas | \n18–0 Shawn Michaels | 000000002010-03-28-0000 March 28, 2010 WrestleMania XXVI | 23:59 Pinfall | University of Phoenix Stadium Glendale, Arizona | This was a streak vs. career match \n19–0 Triple H | 000000002011-04-03-0000 April 3, 2011 WrestleMania XXVII | 29:24",
"Submission \n\n| Georgia Dome Atlanta, Georgia | This was a No Holds Barred match \n20–0 Triple H | 000000002012-04-01-0000 April 1, 2012 WrestleMania XXVIII | 30:50 Pinfall | Sun Life Stadium Miami Gardens, Florida | This was a Hell in a Cell match with Shawn Michaels as special guest referee \n21–0 CM Punk | 000000002013-04-07-0000 April 7, 2013 WrestleMania 29 | 22:07 Pinfall | MetLife Stadium East Rutherford, New Jersey | This marked the final victory of The Streak before being broken by Brock Lesnar \n Although The Undertaker entered the event undefeated to much acclaim, Edge had also never lost a singles match at WrestleMania. Edge described the match as \"the biggest match of my career, bar none. The main event, against Undertaker for the world title, it doesn't get any better\". \n Reverting to his Deadman persona, The Undertaker defeated Kane for the second time at WrestleMania by executing a Tombstone Piledriver. \n On the February 24, 2014 episode of Raw, Undertaker appeared for the first time since The Shield performed a powerbomb on him through a broadcast table ten months earlier, to challenge Lesnar to a match at WrestleMania XXX, scheduled for April 6 at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans. Undertaker went into the match as the massive odds-on favorite, but after one kimura lock and three F-5s, Lesnar pinned The Undertaker in 25 minutes and 12 seconds to end the undefeated WrestleMania streak, silencing and shocking the entire crowd in the process. Undertaker was legitimately hospitalized afterwards with a severe concussion suffered early in the match. Lesnar's music was not played for a few minutes while WWE cameramen continued to highlight the reaction of a stunned crowd, while his manager Paul Heyman thereafter began using the victory to further promote his client and referred to himself as \"the one behind the one in 21 and 1\" (and later \"22 and 1\" and \"23 and 1\" after Undertaker's subsequent WrestleMania victories). The result was described by Sports Illustrated as being \"the most shocking result since the Montreal Screwjob\". A great number of fans objected to the outcome, with Justin Henry of WrestleCrap giving an impassioned defence of the decision, arguing that it elicited an emotional response that reduced him and other viewers \"to the most base-ishness of our fanhood\". Quizzed by Stone Cold Steve Austin about his decision to terminate The Streak, Vince McMahon said it was done to make a big deal of Lesnar and that there were no other viable candidates for the role, adding that The Undertaker was shocked by the decision, but willingly participated since he wanted to give back to the business. \n After defeating Vladimir Kozlov on March 2, 2009, Shawn Michaels earned the right to challenge The Undertaker at WrestleMania XXV. \n Bray Wyatt, referring to himself as \"The New Face of Fear\", wanted to claim the soul of The Undertaker, stating that he did not fear The Undertaker anymore due to Lesnar ending The Streak. Wyatt challenged The Undertaker to a match at WrestleMania 31, to which Undertaker accepted and was victorious over Wyatt at the event on March 29 after two Tombstone Piledrivers making it 22-1. \n In a controversial angle the week before WrestleMania 29, CM Punk's manager Paul Heyman, dressed as, and using the mannerisms of, the recently deceased Paul Bearer, came out to confront The Undertaker whilst flanked by Undertaker's signature druids. As Undertaker attempted to assault them, Punk, in disguise as a druid, assaulted Undertaker before pouring the ashes of an urn, purporting to be those of Bearer's, over Undertaker. \n The match, refereed by baseball umpire Larry Young, finished when The Undertaker first bodyslammed and then delivered a flying clothesline to King Kong Bundy before pinning him. \n The match was full of reversals by Edge, who was defending his World Heavyweight Championship, including Undertaker's signature moves Old School, the big boot, the Last Ride, and the Tombstone Piledriver, while hitting big moves of his own such as the' Impaler DDT and the Edge-o-matic. The end of the match came when, despite Edge using a camera as a weapon, and interference from La Familia members The Edgeheads (Curt Hawkins and Zack Ryder), Undertaker locked in the Hell's Gate after being hit with Edge's finisher, the spear. Edge would submit, and for the second year in a row, The Undertaker won the World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania. \n Video game WWE 2K14 features The Streak mode, in which players can attempt to defend The Streak as The Undertaker. Alternatively, they can try to break it as any other wrestler in the game. \n This match marked the first time an opponent of the Undertaker's wanted to face him at WrestleMania explicitly to end his undefeated streak, as opposed to having a primary grudge with him. \n The Streak became the cornerstone of WrestleMania, with a potential win over The Undertaker at the event being described as a greater honor than winning the WWE Championship. For years, debate had revolved around who, if anybody, should break The Streak, with prominent wrestlers giving comment. At WrestleMania XXX in 2014, The Undertaker lost to Brock Lesnar, bringing The Streak to an end. \n The Undertaker made the challenge, as he wanted to redeem himself against Triple H from the previous year's WrestleMania, where he had to be stretchered out of the arena. Triple H initially rejected before accepting. Contested inside a Hell in a Cell, and refereed by Shawn Michaels, the match, billed as the \"End of an Era\" began with both men brawling in and around the ring. Shortly afterwards, with the steel steps inside the ring, Triple H hit a spinebuster on Undertaker, who then managed to lock in the Hell's Gate, which was countered when Triple H lifted him up and slammed him on the steel steps. The match was littered with weapon shots, including 16 consecutive chair shots by Triple H, followed by a sledgehammer shot to the skull, all the while Undertaker instructed Michaels not to stop the match. When being checked on by Michaels, Undertaker locked him in the Hell's Gate, leaving him out cold. Replacement referee Charles Robinson ran down to the ring after Undertaker hit a chokeslam on Triple H, but could only make a two-count, and was then on the receiving end of a chokeslam himself. Michaels recovered and hit Undertaker with Sweet Chin Music followed by a Triple H Pedigree, but this wasn't enough for the three count. Both men traded finishing moves for near-falls, before Undertaker delivered his own series of chair shots for another two count. Undertaker won shortly afterwards with a Tombstone Piledriver. It was praised as one of the greatest Hell in a Cell matches of all time, while Triple H thought it was one of his favorite matches of his career. \n The 8 ft Giant González was disqualified when he covered The Undertaker's face with a cloth covered in chloroform. This was the only DQ victory in the Undertaker's streak, as all other wins were obtained by pinfall, submission, or casket. \n The first WrestleMania match to take place inside a Hell in a Cell ended when Undertaker delivered a Tombstone Piledriver to Big Boss man, who was then hanged from a noose by The Brood."
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"Honouliuli Internment Camp The Honouliuli Internment Camp, Hawaiʻi's largest and longest-operating internment camp, opened in 1943 and closed in 1946. Located near Waipahu on the island of Oʻahu, the site was designated Honouliuli National Monument by Presidential Proclamation on February 24, 2015 by President Barack Obama. The internment camp held 320 internees and also became the largest prisoner of war camp in Hawai‘i with nearly 4,000 individuals being held. Of the seventeen sites that were associated with the history of internment in Hawaiʻi during World War II, the camp was the only one built specifically for prolonged detention. , the new national monument is without formal services and programs. Run by the U.S. Army, the camp's supervisor was Captain Siegfried Spillner. The camp was constructed on of land near Ewa and Waipahu on the island of Oahu to hold internees transferred from the soon-to-close Sand Island camp. It opened in March 1943. An dual barbed-wire fence enclosed the camp, and a company of military police stood guard from its eight watchtowers. Of the seventeen sites that were associated with the history of internment in Hawaiʻi during World War II, the camp was the only one built specifically for prolonged detention. The isolated location in a deep gulch led Japanese American internees to nickname it . The camp was designed to hold 3,000 people. At one time it held 320 U.S. civilians. It was divided by barbed wire into sections, intended to separate internees by gender, nationality, and military or civilian status. By August 1943, there were 160 Japanese Americans and 69 Japanese interned there, according to the report of a colonel from the Swedish Legation who inspected the camp under the Geneva Convention. Eventually, the camp held more than 4,000 Okinawans, Italians, German Americans, Koreans, and Taiwanese as well. The first Korean prisoners were believed to have arrived in late 1943 or early 1944; they comprised non-combatant laborers captured during the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign. A Korean-language newsletter, the \"Free Press for Liberated Korea\" (자유한인보), was written and mimeographed by three Korean soldiers of the Japanese Imperial Army interned in the camp; it continued publication until December 1945. Beginning in 1943, the Japanese American internees were either released on parole or transferred to Department of Justice camps on the mainland. After the third transfer in November 1944, twenty-one U.S. civilians remained in Honouliuli and the camp served primarily as a holding center for POWs. At the end of the war, some 4,000 POWs were confined at Honouliuli; repatriation efforts began in December 1945 and continued into 1946. After the camp's closure, the land was leased by the Oahu Sugar Company from the Campbell Estate and sugar cane was grown on adjacent lands. In 2007, the Monsanto Corporation purchased the land. The fact that Honouliuli Gulch had once held an internment camp was largely forgotten until the late 1990s. Jane Kurahara, a volunteer from the Japanese Cultural Center of Hawai'i, located it in 2002 by tracing an aqueduct in the background of an old photo. The efforts to learn more about the camp's history attracted the attention of the NPS (National Park Service). A follow-up NPS survey concluded that the camp was eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. The site and the U.S. Immigration Station in Honolulu played a central role as internment sites in Hawai‘i during World War II. The site met the criteria for national significance and was added to the register on February 21, 2012. On July 6, 2012, the state created an advisory group to develop and present recommendations for an educational resource center to lawmakers in the next legislative session. The Japanese Cultural Center of Hawai‘i conducts public tours of the former camp. Two buildings and some other remnants still remain at the site, which current-owner Monsanto is interested in transferring to the National Park Service. The site was designated \"Honouliuli National Monument\" by Presidential Proclamation on February 24, 2015, by President Barack Obama. The site was formally dedicated as a U.S. National Monument on March 31, 2015, in a ceremony at the Japanese Cultural Center of Hawaiʻi. In attendance were the United States Secretary of the Interior Sally Jewell, the Governor of Hawaiʻi David Ige, the Mayor of Honolulu Kirk Caldwell, and Mazie Hirono and Brian Schatz, U.S. senators from the State of Hawaiʻi. , the new national monument is without formal services and programs but the Japanese Cultural Center of Hawaiʻi has been providing information to the public. The University of Hawai‘i at West Oʻahu and the Japanese Cultural Center of Hawaiʻi are two institutions that potentially will have increased access to the site under the auspices of the National Park Service. Honouliuli Internment Camp The Honouliuli Internment Camp, Hawaiʻi's largest and longest-operating internment camp, opened in 1943 and"
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"Joseph H. Potter Joseph Haydn Potter (October 12, 1822 – December 1, 1892) was a career soldier from the state of New Hampshire who served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was twice a prisoner of war and was cited for gallantry on multiple occasions. Potter born in Concord, New Hampshire, on October 12, 1822. He was appointed to the United States Military Academy in 1839. He graduated in 1843, ranking just beneath classmate Ulysses S. Grant. For the next two years, as a second lieutenant, Potter was engaged in garrison duty. He participated in the military occupation of Texas and the Mexican War. He helped in the defense of Fort Brown and was wounded in the Battle of Monterey. Subsequently he performed recruiting duty back in the East. Potter was promoted to first lieutenant in the 7th U.S. Infantry on October 30, 1847, and served on garrison duty until 1856, becoming a captain on January 9of that year. Potter accompanied the Utah expedition in 1858-60 and was subsequently sent back to Texas on outpost duty. When war erupted in early 1861, Potter was still stationed in Texas. He was captured by Confederates at St. Augustine Springs on July 27, 1861, and was held as a prisoner of war for more than a year. He was finally exchanged on August 2, 1862. He returned to active duty and was assigned command of the 12th New Hampshire Infantry as a colonel in the volunteer Union Army while retaining his rank of captain in the Regular Army. Potter took part in the Maryland Campaign with the Army of the Potomac and subsequently participated in the Rappahannock Campaign that led to the Battle of Fredericksburg. During the 1863 Battle of Chancellorsville, he was wounded and captured again. His services in these two battles earned him brevet ranks of lieutenant colonel and colonel respectively in the Regular Army. While still a prisoner of war, he was also promoted to the full rank of major in the regular army on July 4, 1863. He was exchanged in October 1863, and was then the assistant provost marshal general of Ohio until September 1864, when he was assigned a brigade in the XVIII Corps of the Army of the James. He commanded the Bermuda Hundred front during the attack on Fort Harrison. Afterward, Potter assumed command of a brigade in the XXIV Corps and led it during the Siege of Petersburg. He continued at the front as chief of staff of the XXIV Corps from January 1865, until the surrender of General Robert E. Lee. He received the brevet of brigadier general in the United States Army on March 13, 1865, and promotion to brigadier general of volunteers on May 1, 1865. Potter was mustered out of the volunteer service on January 15, 1866, and appointed as the lieutenant colonel of the 30th Infantry Regiment on July 28 that same year. After holding various posts in the West, he was promoted to the full rank of colonel on December 11, 1873, commanding the 24th Infantry Regiment . From July 1, 1877, to July 1, 1881, Potter was the governor of the soldiers' home in Washington, D. C.. He then returned to his regiment. On April 1, 1886, he was made brigadier general in the Regular Army. He then had command of the Department of the Missouri until his retirement on October 12, 1886. Potter was a member of both the Aztec Club of 1847 and the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. Potter retired to Columbus, Ohio, where he died in 1892. He is buried in Green Lawn Cemetery. In 1903 Battery Potter at Fort Hancock, New Jersey was named for him. Attribution Joseph H. Potter Joseph Haydn Potter (October 12, 1822 – December 1, 1892) was a career soldier from the state of New Hampshire who served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was twice a prisoner of war and was cited for gallantry on multiple occasions. Potter born in Concord, New Hampshire, on October 12, 1822. He was appointed to the United States Military Academy in 1839."
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"Buckskin Frontier Buckskin Frontier is a 1943 American action film directed by Lesley Selander and written by Norman Houston and Bernard Schubert. The film stars Richard Dix, Jane Wyatt, Albert Dekker, Lee J. Cobb, Victor Jory, Lola Lane, Max Baer and Joe Sawyer. The film was released on May 14, 1943, by United Artists. Kansas settler Jeptha Marr is leery of the railroad intruding on his territory and opposes railroad representative Stephen Bent, only to be surprised when daughter Vinnie returns to the town of Pawnee after a long absence and is already acquainted with Stephen. A rival railroad interest spearheaded by Champ Clanton tries to muscle its way in, trying to taint Stephen's reputation by insinuating a relationship with Rita Molyneaux, a woman with a bad reputation. By the end, though, Vinnie is reassured that Rita is actually interested in Gideon Skene, and the railroad is headed Pawnee's way under Stephen's watch. Buckskin Frontier Buckskin Frontier is a 1943 American action film directed by Lesley Selander and written by Norman Houston and Bernard Schubert. The film stars Richard Dix, Jane Wyatt, Albert Dekker, Lee J. Cobb, Victor Jory, Lola Lane, Max Baer and Joe Sawyer. The film was released"
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"Refilwe Modiselle Refilwe Modiselle is a South African model and entertainer born in Rockville, Soweto, and the country's first professional fashion model with albinism. She started her modelling career at the age of 13 when she was approached by \"Y!\" magazine. She also appeared as a runway model in 2005 for South African designer David Tlale, making her the first albinistic model to appear on a runway in South Africa. Modiselle has also had some experience in the music industry, where she performed as a backing vocalist for South African singer Keabetswe \"KB\" Motsilanyane while in school. She was nominated to the \"Oprah Magazine\" 2013 \"Power List\", and began an acting career. She uses the nickname \"Vanillablaq\" in social media. Modiselle was born in Rockville, Soweto (in Gauteng, South Africa) where she lived with her mother and father until she was 4 years old, after which her family moved to Orange Grove, Johannesburg. Her family relocated again following the death of her father when she was a girl. She has two younger sisters Bontle and Candice Modiselle who are also in the industry. In high school she was a hard working learner, but other learners would tease and bully her and that led her to focus on her future. Following her graduation from high school in Johannesburg, Modiselle studied advertising at Varsity College, graduating with distinction in her course. Throughout her work life Modiselle has accepted modelling work – including modelling for David Tlale at South Africa Fashion Week in 2005. She has also featured in a number of South African print magazines. Alongside Soweto-born model Tshegofatso Seakgoe, Modiselle was approached by advertising agency Black River FC in 2012 to be the face of female fashion retailer LEGiT’s summer fashion campaign. The campaign formed part of the retailer’s rebranding, and Modiselle was officially named the retailer’s \"brand ambassador\" at a launch event in Kyalami, Johannesburg, leading to print and online campaigns, as well as a video advertisement aired on South African television. She followed in a line of LEGiT brand ambassadors including TV presenter and actress Minnie Dlamini, TV presenter Bonang Matheba, model Noni Gasa, actress and model Zizo Beda, and radio and TV personality Sade Giliberti. Refilwe Modiselle Refilwe Modiselle is a South African model and entertainer born in Rockville, Soweto, and the country's first professional fashion model with albinism. She started her modelling career at the age of"
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"Mary Anne Disraeli Mary Anne Disraeli, 1st Viscountess Beaconsfield, \"born\" Evans (11 November 1792 – 15 December 1872), was a British peeress and society figure and the wife of Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli. Born in Tongwynlais, Cardiff, the only daughter of Commander John Viney-Evans and his cousin Eleanor Scrope-Viney, she first married Wyndham Lewis, MP (1780–1838). The year following Lewis's death she married Benjamin Disraeli. In recognition of his services to the nation, Queen Victoria desired to ennoble Disraeli; as he wished to remain in the House of Commons, his wife accepted the title in his place and was created Viscountess Beaconsfield, of Beaconsfield in the County of Buckingham on 30 November 1868 (After Mary's death he accepted the title Earl of Beaconsfield). Staid Victorians were often scandalised by Mary's uninhibited remarks but soon learned not to insult her within Disraeli's hearing. Even Queen Victoria herself was said to be amused when Mary Anne commented, in response to a remark about some lady's pale complexion, \"I wish you could see my Dizzy in his bath!\" Once, at a house party where Lord Hardinge, a great soldier of the day, was in the room next to the Disraelis, Mary Anne announced at breakfast that she had slept the night before between the greatest soldier (Hardinge) and the greatest orator (Disraeli) of their times: Lady Hardinge was definitely not amused. Disraeli had been unimpressed by Mary when he first met her, but he came to understand that she was shrewder than her outwardly silly manner and non-sequiturs had led him to believe. She was a great help to him in editing the books he wrote, and spent 30 years taking care of him. He joked that he had married her for her money but would do it again for love, but the truth is that she was not really wealthy. She was some twelve years older than her husband, and he may not have known her true age, but their romance continued until the day she died. In later life she became increasingly eccentric, both in conversation and appearance, but her husband's devotion and loyalty to her never faltered. In the spring of 1872 Mary became seriously ill, and by May it was clear that she was dying of stomach cancer. She rallied sufficiently to take a summer tour through the Home Counties with her husband. In November she felt well enough to hold a small dinner party for their close friends; but her condition deteriorated and she died on 15 December, at the age of eighty. \"There was no care which she could not mitigate, and no difficulty which she could not face. She was the most cheerful and courageous woman I ever knew\" her husband wrote after her death. His great adversary William Ewart Gladstone, who had liked Mary, wrote him a letter of condolence. Disraeli, touched by this sympathy from a man who disliked him, replied that \"Marriage is the greatest earthly happiness when founded on mutual sympathy.\" She is buried with Disraeli in a vault in the Church of St Michael and All Angels Church, Hughenden, in Hughenden, Buckinghamshire, close to the Disraeli family home, Hughenden Manor. The house is now in the care of the National Trust and has been preserved in the state when it was occupied by the Disraelis, and is open to the public as a visitor attraction. Mary Anne Disraeli Mary Anne Disraeli, 1st Viscountess Beaconsfield, \"born\" Evans (11 November 1792 – 15 December 1872), was a British peeress and society figure and the wife of Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli. Born in Tongwynlais,"
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"USS Pondera (APA-191) USS \"Pondera\" (APA-191) was a \"Haskell\"-class attack transport acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War II for the task of transporting troops to and from combat areas. \"Pondera\" (\"APA–191\"), built under Maritime Commission contact (MCV hull 659), was laid down by the Kaiser Shipbuilding Co., Vancouver, Washington, 28 April 1944; launched 27 July 1944; sponsored by Miss Elinor C. Gottlieb; delivered to the Navy and commissioned 24 September 1944, Comdr. Lawrence J. Hasse in command. Following shakedown, \"Pondera\" remained in California waters, training pre-commissioning crews for APAs, until 23 January 1945. Two weeks of amphibious training followed and in February she departed San Francisco, California, for Hawaii. After further amphibious training she carried the 81st Construction Battalion to Okinawa, anchoring off Hagushi 26 April. Later shifting to Nakagusuku Wan, she disembarked troops there 3–4 May and during the night assisted , damaged by a suicide boat. On the 8th she departed, with casualties embarked, for Saipan, whence she sailed to San Francisco, California. She completed a second troop lift to the Far East, Leyte, in July, and was en route on her third transpacific run when the war ended. Arriving at Ulithi 25 August, she sailed to Guam, disembarked half of her troops there, then continued on to Okinawa to discharge the remainder. In mid-September she took on men of the XXIV Corps and on the 24th debarked them at Jinsen, Korea. In October she carried further elements of that Corps to Korea, then, after replenishing at Manila, joined TransRon 17, 8 November, at Hong Kong, to lift troops of the 8th Chinese Nationalist Army to Tsingtao. Completing that mission 16 November, \"Pondera\" reported for Operation Magic Carpet duty and on 20 November arrived at San Diego, California, with units of the 5th Marine Division. She completed her second and last \"Magic Carpet\" run at San Francisco 9 March 1946 and ten days later got underway for the U.S. East Coast and inactivation. Arriving at Norfolk, Virginia, 6 April, she decommissioned and was transferred to the Maritime Commission 6 June 1946. Struck from the Navy List 19 June 1946, she was laid up in the James River, Virginia, berthing area, National Defense Reserve Fleet, where she remained into 1974 when she was sold for scrapping. \"Pondera\" earned one battle star during World War II. USS Pondera (APA-191) USS \"Pondera\" (APA-191) was a \"Haskell\"-class attack transport acquired"
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"Laura Diffenderfer Laura Diffenderfer (born June 13, 1980 in Lincoln, Nebraska, United States) is an American choreographer, dancer and journalist. She resides in Brooklyn, New York and is the founder of the Oh Dear Dance Company, the former Editor-in-Chief of Dancer magazine, and a dance writer. Laura received a M.A. in Performance Studies from NYU in 2005. Diffenderfer has presented work in New York City since 1999 at venues such as Danspace Project, Judson Church, the Chocolate Factory, 92nd Street Y, WAX, The Flea, University Settlement, Merkin Concert Hall, the 78th Street Theater Lab, Weill Recital Hall at Carnegie Hall, Interborough Repertory Theater and at the Contemporary Art Center in North Adams, MA. In 2006, she produced a shared evening of work at the IRT Space where she presented Trying to Remain Upright, a dance inspired by a program note written in 1968 by Yvonne Rainer. In 2008, she presented \"A Wagner Matinee,\" an evening-length work based on the writings of Willa Cather. The work was presented at the Red Cloud Opera House, which Cather attended as a child. Laura Diffenderfer Laura Diffenderfer (born June 13, 1980 in Lincoln, Nebraska, United States) is an American choreographer, dancer and journalist. She"
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"Louis Lemoine Louis Lemoine (23 November 1764 – 23 January 1842) commanded a French infantry division during the French Revolutionary Wars. He enlisted in the French Royal Army in 1783 and rose to the rank of sous-officer. Elected lieutenant colonel of a volunteer battalion in 1791, he led his troops at Jemappes in 1792 and Neerwinden in 1793. Transferred to the \"Army of the Eastern Pyrenees\" and promoted to general of brigade, he fought at Peyrestortes, Boulou and San Lorenzo de la Muga where he was wounded. In 1795 he led his troops at Quiberon, was promoted to general of division the next year and fought at Neuwied in 1797. He commanded an infantry division at Novi and Genola in 1799. During the First French Empire he commanded posts in the interior. His surname is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe, on Column 6. Louis Lemoine Louis Lemoine (23 November 1764 – 23 January 1842) commanded a French infantry division during the French Revolutionary Wars. He enlisted in the French Royal Army in 1783 and rose to the rank of sous-officer. Elected lieutenant colonel of a volunteer battalion in 1791, he led his troops at Jemappes"
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"Freesouls FREESOULS: Captured and Released by Joi Ito is a book by Joi Ito featuring 296 photographic portraits of members of the free culture movement. The project began in 2007 as way for Ito to freely distribute, through a Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY), quality photos of the free culture community without the hindrance of copyright or permission. Freesouls also includes eight essays by major figures in the free culture movement, including Howard Rheingold, Lawrence Liang, Cory Doctorow, Isaac Mao, Christopher Adams, Yochai Benkler, Marko Ahtisaari, and a foreword by Lawrence Lessig. Isaac Mao's essay, \"Sharism: A Mind Revolution\", introduces Sharism for the first time. The book was published in three editions, as a box set in an edition of 50, a soft-cover book in a print run of 1024, and a regular release. It was edited by Christopher Adams and Sophie Chang. There is rumour of a Freesouls 2. Freesouls FREESOULS: Captured and Released by Joi Ito is a book by Joi Ito featuring 296 photographic portraits of members of the free culture movement. The project began in 2007 as way for Ito to freely distribute, through a Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY), quality photos of the"
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"BuzzBallz BuzzBallz is an American brand of pre-mixed cocktail drinks. The drink was invented by Merrilee Kick and her sons Alex and Andrew in 2009, who was then a high school teacher, in Dallas, Texas. The idea for the cocktail started with a spherical glass that Kick owned. In a 2016 interview with \"Forbes\", Kick described her difficulties raising money for her business, stating that she was told that she was unlikely to survive in a male-dominated industry. She said she \"wouldn’t label [herself] as a feminist because [she] loves guys\" and that women have \"special skills that men don’t\". Matt Merkin of Liquor.com described the cocktails as \"strong, cheap and ... a lot of fun\" and the line of products to have created \"an underground drinking phenomenon\", stating that they have \"colorful containers and equally colorful names\". Albert Burneko of Deadspin described BuzzBallz as \"the sad cocktail grenades you always wanted\". Katie Orlady of the website Spoon University described the drink as a \"blinding elixir\" and \"boozy orbs\". Marcie Seidel of the Drug Free Action Alliance, an Ohio-based substance abuse prevention group, described the 20% alcohol content of the cocktails to be \"really scary\" and that the packaging, which targets young people, is concerning for them. BuzzBallz BuzzBallz is an American brand of pre-mixed cocktail drinks. The drink was invented by Merrilee Kick and her sons Alex and Andrew in 2009, who was then a high school teacher, in Dallas, Texas. The idea for the cocktail started with a spherical glass that Kick owned. In a 2016 interview with \"Forbes\", Kick described her difficulties raising money for her business, stating that she was told that she was unlikely to survive in a male-dominated industry. She said she \"wouldn’t label [herself] as a feminist because [she] loves guys\" and that"
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"1986 West Derbyshire by-election The 1986 Derbyshire West by-election was held on 8 May 1986 when the sitting Conservative Party Member of Parliament, Matthew Parris, took the Chiltern Hundreds and resigned, in order to become the presenter of \"Weekend World\" for ITV. The election was held on the same day as the 1986 local elections and the Ryedale by-election. During the campaign, the seat's former MP, Matthew Parris, told Vincent Hanna on Newsnight that he thought Labour could gain the seat from the Conservatives. In his memoirs, he admitted that he deliberately misled both Hanna and the audience to prevent a Liberal victory. 'had I not lied in an interview with the late Vincent Hanna, a BBC pollster carrying out a poll which most improbably suggested that Labour and not the Liberal Democrats[sic] were the challengers in this by-election, [the Liberals] would have won. I knew what I said was false. Despite a large swing away from him, 28-year-old Patrick McLoughlin of the Conservative Party (who went on to serve in The Cabinet from 2010 to 2018) beat the Liberal Party candidate by 100 votes and as of 2018 remains the MP for the seat. 1986 West Derbyshire by-election The"
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"2007–08 Scottish Premier League The 2007–08 Scottish Premier League season was the tenth season of the Scottish Premier League. It began on 4 August 2007 and was originally due to end on 18 May 2008. Due to the death of Phil O'Donnell and extremely poor weather causing the postponement of fixtures during the winter, as well as a backlog of Rangers fixtures and their progression to the UEFA Cup Final, the SPL decided to move the final round of fixtures back four days to 22 May 2008. It was the first season under the sponsorship of the Clydesdale Bank. Gretna were promoted from the First Division the previous season and played in the SPL for the first time, replacing Dunfermline Athletic. Gretna did not play at their home stadium Raydale Park as it did not meet the SPL stadia criteria of 6,000 and instead used Motherwell's Fir Park for all but one of their games; that match was at Livingston's Almondvale Stadium. Champions Celtic qualified directly for the Champions League, while second-placed Rangers qualified for the Second qualifying round. Third-placed Motherwell qualified for the UEFA Cup and Hibernian qualified for the Intertoto Cup. First Division side Queen of the South also qualified for the UEFA Cup after reaching the Scottish Cup Final. Gretna were relegated after just one season in the SPL and were replaced by First Division champions Hamilton Academical for the following season. The championship was determined on the final day of the season. Leaders Celtic travelled to Tannadice to play Dundee United knowing that a win would secure the title. They achieved this with a 1–0 victory following Jan Vennegoor of Hesselink's second-half header. Rangers needed to win or draw their final match of the season against Aberdeen at Pittodrie and hope that Celtic at least drew or lost respectively. But Aberdeen F.C. won the game 2-0 thanks to goals from Lee Miller and Darren Mackie. Promoted from First Division to Premier League Relegated from Premier League to First Division During matches 1–22 each team played every other team twice (home and away). During matches 23–33 each team played every other team once (either at home or away). During matches 34–38 each team played every other team in their half of the table once. For the first time in the SPL, certain teams also carried secondary sponsors on the back of their jerseys, above the players' names. Gretna were sharing Motherwell's stadium whilst Raydale Park was being upgraded. However, in March the Fir Park pitch was considered unplayable so the game between Gretna and Celtic was played instead at Almondvale, the home of First Division club Livingston. Setanta Sports provided domestic TV live coverage and highlights as in previous seasons, with STV and BBC Scotland also broadcasting free-to-air highlights. BBC Radio Scotland continued to provide domestic radio coverage, with many games also available internationally, and all domestically, through their website. The BBC held rights to show highlights online and do so through the BBC Sport website. Internationally, the Premier League's overseas television broadcasting partner was TWI, with coverage of the SPL available in over 100 territories worldwide. 2007–08 Scottish Premier League The 2007–08 Scottish Premier League season was the tenth season of the Scottish Premier League. It began on 4 August 2007 and was originally due to end on 18 May 2008. Due to the death of Phil O'Donnell and extremely poor weather causing the postponement of fixtures during the winter, as well as a backlog of Rangers fixtures and their progression to the UEFA Cup Final, the SPL decided to move the final round of fixtures"
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"Victoria Ilina Victoria Valeryevna Ilina (; born March 28, 1999 in Saransk, Russia) is a Russian Group rhythmic gymnast. She is the 2014 Youth Olympic Group all-around champion and the 2013 European Junior Group all-around champion. Ilina started out competing as an individual gymnast. Her first major international tournament was competing in the junior division at the 2012 Moscow Grand Prix. In 2013, Ilina began competing as a Group gymnast, she was member of the Russian Group at the 2013 European Junior Championships with Russia taking the gold medal scoring a total of (33.916) ahead of Belarus (32.700) and Bulgaria (32.532) in the all-around competition. They won another gold medal in 5 hoops final. In 2014, Ilina competed with the Russian Group at the 2014 Moscow Grand Prix taking gold in Group all-around, following their placement, the Russian Group earned a qualification to compete for the Youth Olympic Games. In August 26–27, Ilina was member of the Russian Group (with Daria Anenkova, Daria Dubova, Sofya Skomorokh, Natalia Safonova) that competed at the 2014 Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing, China where they won gold in Group All-around finals. Victoria Ilina Victoria Valeryevna Ilina (; born March 28, 1999 in Saransk, Russia)"
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"Noordwolde, Friesland Noordwolde () is a village in Weststellingwerf in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a population of around 3,600 as of 2017. There is a restored windmill in the village, \"Windlust\". The National Museum of Weaving is located in the village. There is a natural lake, the Spokedam, which is partly surrounded by a beach, on the outskirts of Noordwolde. There are several camp sites near the lake such as \"Hanestede\" and the bungalow park \"The Bosmeer\". There is a swimming pool beside the Spokedam. There are two supermarkets and several other shops and restaurants in the village and the largest model train shop (G-scale) in Europe is in Noordwolde. Noordwolde, Friesland Noordwolde () is a village in Weststellingwerf in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a population of around 3,600 as of 2017. There is a restored windmill in the village, \"Windlust\". The National Museum of Weaving is located in the village. There is a natural lake, the Spokedam, which is partly surrounded by a beach, on the outskirts of Noordwolde. There are several camp sites near the lake such as \"Hanestede\" and the bungalow park \"The Bosmeer\". There is a swimming pool"
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"Sachima Sachima (), also called \"sàqímǎ\" or \"shāqímǎ\", is a common Chinese pastry, originated among Manchus in Northeast China. Sachima has spread throughout all of China. Its decoration and flavor vary in different regional Chinese cuisine, but the appearance of all versions is essentially the same. It is made of fluffy strands of fried batter bound together with a stiff sugar syrup, showing similarity to American Rice Krispies Treats. That is, but without the marshmallows; as the American Rice Krispies Treats is American. Sachima is Chinese in comparison. Instead, it has different ingredients that makes it sweet. In Manchu cuisine originally, \"sachima\" is a sweet snack. It mainly consists of flour, butter, and rock sugar. It is now popular in mainland China among children and adults. The Cantonese pastry version of \"sachima\" is slightly sweet. It is also made of essentially the same ingredients as the other varieties of \"sachima\". It is often sprinkled with sesame seeds, raisins or dried coconut. The Cantonese variety of \"sachima\" ranges from chewy to crunchy in texture. Most overseas Chinatowns offer the Cantonese style of the pastry. It is commonly found in Hong Kong. Many of the Fujian distribution companies manufacture packaged versions of Sachima. This version has sesame and is made of wheat flour, vegetable oil, egg, milk, granular sugar, and malt sugar. The taste is comparatively plain compared to the more sweetened Cantonese version. Sachima Sachima (), also called \"sàqímǎ\" or \"shāqímǎ\", is a common Chinese pastry, originated among Manchus in Northeast China. Sachima has spread throughout all of China. Its decoration and flavor vary in different regional Chinese cuisine, but the appearance of all versions is essentially the same. It is made of fluffy strands of fried batter bound together with a stiff sugar syrup, showing similarity to American Rice Krispies"
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"Roma (novel) Roma is a historical novel by American author Steven Saylor, first published by St. Martin's Press in 2007. The story follows two ancient Roman families, the Potitii and Pinarii, as members of successive generations bear witness to, as well as participate in, some of Rome's greatest historical events. The epic style is similar to James Michener's historical novels - i.e., following the history of a certain location over centuries, each chapter depicting the descendants of the protagonists of the previous chapter. The story takes Roman myths and intertwines them with historical facts and fictional characters. Usually, the protagonist in each chapter is either a fictional character or a historical figure of whom not much is known, but who comes in contact with major characters of Roman history and plays a part in crucial historical events. As in its title, throughout the book the name \"Roma\" is used - which is how the Romans themselves pronounced the name of their city - rather than \"Rome\". \"Roma\" was followed in 2010 by a sequel, \"Empire\". There were several traditions attached to the Pinarii. The first held that a generation before the Trojan War, Hercules came to Italy, where he was received by the families of the Potitii and the Pinarii. He taught them a form of worship, and instructed them in the rites, by which he was later honored. For centuries, these families supplied the priests for the cult of Hercules, until the Potitii were wiped out in a plague at the end of the 4th century BC The extinction of the Potitii was frequently attributed to the actions of Appius Claudius Caecus, who (in his censorship in 312 BC.) directed the families to instruct public slaves in the performance of their sacred rites. Supposedly the Potitii were punished for their impiety in doing so, while the Pinarii refused to relinquish their office, which they held until the latest period. Another tradition asserts that until their extinction, the Potitii were always superior to the Pinarii in the performance of their \"sacrum gentilicum\", because at the sacrificial banquet given by Hercules, the Pinarii did not arrive until after the entrails had been eaten. In anger, Hercules declared that the Pinarii should be excluded from partaking of the entrails of the sacrifice, and that in all matters relating to the worship they should be inferior to their brethren. The disappearance of an entire gens was extraordinary, as was the lack of any magistrates or other persons of importance belonging to such an ancient family. This has led to speculation that the legend referred to some branch of another gens known to history, such as the Valerii Potiti. But at the same time it was possible for a family to exist for centuries without attracting any notice, and the ancient historians are unanimous in making the Potitii a distinct gens. The historian Niebuhr suggests that, if the story regarding the destruction of the Potitii is based on fact, they may have perished in the great plague which raged in 292 BC., some twenty years after the censorship of Caecus. It is not altogether certain that the entire gens perished in this disaster; the legendary account says that thirty grown men were killed, but perhaps some children survived. Although hardly any members of the gens are known to history, a Publius Potitius is mentioned several times by Cicero as one of the guardians of the son of Publius Junius, custodian of the temple of Castor, who died in 80 BC. Five years later, the boy's guardians and stepfather became embroiled in a dispute with Verres, who extracted considerable sums of money, supposedly to make extensive repairs to the temple, which in fact was in sound condition. Roma (novel) Roma is a historical novel by American author Steven Saylor, first published by St. Martin's Press in 2007. The story follows two ancient Roman families, the Potitii and Pinarii, as members of successive generations bear witness to, as well as participate in, some of Rome's greatest historical events. The epic style is similar to James Michener's historical novels - i.e., following the history of a certain location over centuries, each chapter depicting the descendants of the"
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"1+1 International 1+1 International is an international TV channel aimed at the Ukrainian diaspora, broadcasting throughout North America and Europe. It is the international sister channel of the Ukrainian channel 1+1 and started broadcasting in March 2006. 1+1 International is broadcast on a 24-hour schedule and is run by Anatoliy Yerema, the general producer and chief director. It is available by satellite and cable across the World, as well as in many hotel rooms in Europe. In late 2008, 1+1 International was removed from DirecTV & GlobeCast World TV in the United States and the Canadian variant of the channel, which was owned by Ethnic Channels Group, was relaunched as TONIS. 1+1 International is now available again in Canada, after being picked up by IMB+ Records, an IPTV provider. On March 10, 2016, 1+1 International re-launched in Canada, as a foreign service, via Bell Fibe TV. The programming of 1+1 International is composed of various productions from the original 1+1 channel. TSN is broadcast live from Kiev and provides news broadcasting for the channel The cultural projects Document, Telemania, Svoye Kino, Proty Nochi, Monology and Ostannya Barykada are broadcast on 1+1 International. The channel also airs the talk shows Tabu and Bez Tabu. Den Narodjennya Burjuya (The Bourgeois Birth Day) and Ukradene Shchastya (Stolen Happiness), as well as many more shows, are broadcast on the channel. WEB Cam is a project planned to fill the technical broadcasting intervals with live images of the central Maidan Nezalezhnosti square in Kiev as well as other areas in different cities. 1+1 International 1+1 International is an international TV channel aimed at the Ukrainian diaspora, broadcasting throughout North America and Europe. It is the international sister channel of the Ukrainian channel 1+1 and started broadcasting in March 2006. 1+1 International is broadcast on a"
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"Science (UIL test) In the US state of Texas science is one of several academic events sanctioned by the University Interscholastic League. It is also a competition held by the Texas Math and Science Coaches Association, using the same rules as the UIL. Science is designed to test students' knowledge of scientific fact, understanding of scientific principles and the ability to think through scientific problems. Students in Grade 7 through Grade 12 are eligible to enter this event. Students in Grade 6 may compete with permission of the district executive committee, but can only compete in each junior high division (see below) only one time throughout their academic career. For competition purposes, Grades 7 and 8 compete in separate divisions (Division I for Grade 7 and Division II for Grade 8) while Grades 9-12 compete together, with separate subjects covered on each test as follows: Each school may send up to three students for each junior high division. In order for a school to participate in team competition, the school must send three students. For Grades 9-12 each school may send up to six students; students qualify for the next level if they are on the winning team, score in the top three individuals at a meet, or place first in biology, chemistry, or physics. In order for a school to participate in team competition, the school must send at least three students. Team scores are found by adding the scores of the top 3 individuals from a school. As the format and rules differ significantly for the junior high and high school levels, each is discussed separately below. The test consists of 50 questions, which must be completed in 45 minutes. A time warning is given at 30 minutes. At the stop signal, incomplete answers cannot be completed. Calculators are not allowed. The questions may be answered in any order; there is no penalty for skipping questions. Scoring is five points for each correct answer, and two points deducted for each incorrect answer. Unanswered questions are not scored. At the high school level, the test consists of 60 questions, which must be completed in two hours. The first 20 questions involve biology, the second twenty questions involve chemistry, and the final twenty questions involve physics. No time warning is given, except that tests cannot be turned in until the proctor announces that 30 minutes have passed. The questions may be answered in any order; there is no penalty for skipping questions. Questions must be answered to the proper number of significant digits, with \"small variation\" in the final significant digit acceptable. The test booklet includes a periodic table of the elements, including atomic weights and atomic numbers, plus other scientific relationships, such as the vacuum speed of light or the gravitational constant, which may be used by the student. Scratch paper is allowed in the contest, and notations may be made anywhere except on the answer sheet. Students may bring one calculator plus one spare, so long as it does not need external power. Hand-held computers are not allowed, nor are any calculators with factory-installed memory or with the ability to accept memory cards or memory sticks. Scoring is six points for each correct answer, and two points deducted for each incorrect answer. Unanswered questions are not scored. In addition to the total score, each subsection (biology, chemistry, and physics) is scored separately. Scoring is posted for only the top six individual places and the top three teams. There are no tiebreakers for either individual or team competition. The top three individuals and the top team (determined based on the scores of the top three individuals) will advance to the next round. In addition, within each region, the highest-scoring second place team from all district competitions advances as the \"wild card\" to regional competition (provided the team has four members), and within the state, the highest-scoring second place team from all regional competitions advances as the wild card to the state competition. Members of advancing teams who did not place individually remain eligible to compete for individual awards at higher levels. Furthermore, the individuals with the top score in each subsection will also advance even if the individual was not one of the top three overall scorers or the top team. For individual competition (overall and for each subsection), the tiebreaker is percent accuracy (number of problems answered correctly divided by number of problems attempted, defined as any question with a mark or erasure in the answer blank). In the event a tie remains, all remaining individuals will advance. For team competition, the score of the fourth-place individual is used as the tiebreaker. If a team has only three members it is not eligible to participate in the tiebreaker. If the fourth-place score still results in a tie, the individual tiebreaker rules will not apply, and all remaining tied teams will advance. At the state level ties for first place are not broken. For district meet academic championship and district meet sweepstakes awards, points are awarded to the school as follows: The student with the most wins in the history of the competition is Kieran Fitzgerald from Friendswood High School, who achieved the highest score in any division three years in a row: 2003-2004, 2004-2005, and 2005-2006. NOTE: For privacy reasons, only the winning school is shown. The 1958-59 winner was an \"all schools\" winner; beginning with the 1959-60 academic year winners were held in all five classifications. The classifications were renumbered in 1980-81, with Class B becoming Class A and the other classes adding one letter (thus, Class A became Class AA, and so forth). NOTE: For privacy reasons, only the winning school is shown. The UIL did not score individual subsections until the 1985-86 scholastic year. NOTE: For privacy reasons, only the winning school is shown. The UIL did not score individual subsections until the 1985-86 scholastic year. NOTE: For privacy reasons, only the winning school is shown. The UIL did not score individual subsections until the 1985-86 scholastic year. NOTE: UIL did not recognize a team championship in this event until the 1990-91 scholastic year. Science (UIL test) In the US state of Texas science is one of several academic events sanctioned by the University Interscholastic League. It is also a competition held by the Texas Math and Science Coaches Association, using the same rules as the UIL. Science is designed to test students' knowledge of scientific fact, understanding of scientific principles and the ability to think through scientific problems. Students in Grade 7 through Grade 12 are eligible to enter this event. Students in Grade"
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"Anne Ferguson (physician) Anne Ferguson (26 July 1941 – 21 December 1998) was a Scottish physician, clinical researcher and expert in inflammatory bowel disease. She was considered one of the most distinguished gastroenterologists in Britain. Anne Glen was born in Glasgow in 1941 to Monica and John Glen. She was educated at Notre Dame High School and the University of Glasgow, graduating with a first class honours BSc in physiology in 1961, followed in 1964 with a MBChB with honours. She won the Brunton Medal for the most distinguished graduate in medicine at the University. In 1969, after completing her medical training, she became a lecturer at the Department of Bacteriology and Immunology in Glasgow's Western Infirmary teaching hospital. While working at the hospital she carried out research on the role of intra-epithelial lymphocytes in intestinal immunity, receiving her PhD in 1974. In 1975 she was appointed as a Senior Lecturer at the University of Edinburgh, also becoming a consultant at the Gastrointestinal Unit at the Western General Hospital in Edinburgh. In 1987 she was appointed to a personal professorship in gastroenterology. From 1991 to 1994 she was head of the Department of Medicine at the University. She published more than 250 papers in peer-reviewed academic journals, published three books and contributed chapters to many other books. Her research provided new insights into the mechanisms responsible for Crohn's and coeliac diseases which led to significant advances in the therapy of these conditions. She also carried out significant research on oral tolerance. She served on the Committee on Safety of Medicines, the Medical Research Council Gene Therapy Advisory Board, and the Spongiform Encephalopathy Advisory Committee. At the time of her death she was President of the Society for Mucosal Immunology. She was a consultant proving advice and training to the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research in Bangladesh. In 1979 Ferguson was awarded the Sir Francis Avery Jones research medal of the British Society of Gastroenterology, the highest research award that the national gastroenterology body confers on its researchers. Such was the regard for her research, clinical expertise and teaching that she received fellowships from the Royal Colleges of Physicians of Glasgow (1975), London (1977) and Edinburgh (1981). She also received a fellowship from the Royal College of Pathologists in 1984. In 1990 she became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In 1966 she married John Ferguson, a sociology lecturer at the University of Strathclyde, and together they adopted two children, a girl and a boy. John Ferguson died of cancer in 1989. She married Professor Gerald Collee, Emeritus Professor of Medical Microbiology at the University of Edinburgh in 1995. In her youth Ferguson represented the University of Glasgow in athletics as a middle-distance runner. She was also on the Scottish women's basketball team. She enjoyed hill walking and mountaineering, and once visited the Himalayas with her first husband. Ferguson died of pancreatic cancer in Edinburgh on 21 December 1998. Anne Ferguson (physician) Anne Ferguson (26 July 1941 –"
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"Photometer A photometer, generally, is an instrument that measures light intensity or the optical properties of solutions or surfaces. Photometers measure: Before electronic light sensitive elements were developed, photometry was done by estimation by the eye. The relative luminous flux of a source was compared with a standard source. The photometer is placed such that the illuminance from the source being investigated is equal to the standard source, as the human eye can judge equal illuminance. The relative luminous fluxes can then be calculated as the illuminance decreases proportionally to the inverse square of distance. A standard example of such a photometer consists of a piece of paper with an oil spot on it that makes the paper slightly more transparent. When the spot is not visible from either side, the illuminance from the two sides is equal. By 1861, three types were in common use. These were Rumford's photometer, Ritchie's photometer, and photometers that used the extinction of shadows, which was considered to be the most precise. Most photometers detect the light with photoresistors, photodiodes or photomultipliers. To analyze the light, the photometer may measure the light after it has passed through a filter or through a monochromator for determination at defined wavelengths or for analysis of the spectral distribution of the light. Some photometers measure light by counting individual photons rather than incoming flux. The operating principles are the same but the results are given in units such as photons/cm or photons·cm·sr rather than W/cm or W·cm·sr. Due to their individual photon counting nature, these instruments are limited to observations where the irradiance is low. The irradiance is limited by the time resolution of its associated detector readout electronics. With current technology this is in the megahertz range. The maximum irradiance is also limited by the throughput and gain parameters of the detector itself. The light sensing element in photon counting devices in NIR, visible and ultraviolet wavelengths is a photomultiplier to achieve sufficient sensitivity. In airborne and space-based remote sensing such photon counters are used at the upper reaches of the electromagnetic spectrum such as the X-ray to far ultraviolet. This is usually due to the lower radiant intensity of the objects being measured as well as the difficulty of measuring light at higher energies using its particle-like nature as compared to the wavelike nature of light at lower frequencies. Conversely, radiometers are typically used for remote sensing from the visible, infrared though radio frequency range. Photometers are used to determine the correct exposure in photography. In modern cameras, the photometer is usually built in. As the illumination of different parts of the picture varies, advanced photometers measure the light intensity in different parts of the potential picture and use an algorithm to determine the most suitable exposure for the final picture, adapting the algorithm to the type of picture intended (see Metering mode). Historically, a photometer was separate from the camera and known as an exposure meter. The advanced photometers then could be used either to measure the light from the potential picture as a whole, to measure from elements of the picture to ascertain that the most important parts of the picture are optimally exposed, or to measure the incident light to the scene with an integrating adapter. A reflectance photometer measures the reflectance of a surface as a function of wavelength. The surface is illuminated with white light, and the reflected light is measured after passing through a monochromator. This type of measurement has mainly practical applications, for instance in the paint industry to characterize the colour of a surface objectively. These are optical instruments for measurement of the absorption of light of a given wavelength (or a given range of wavelengths) of coloured substances in solution. From the light absorption, Beer's law makes it possible to calculate the concentration of the coloured substance in the solution. Due to its wide range of application and its reliability and robustness, the photometer has become one of the principal instruments in biochemistry and analytical chemistry. Absorption photometers for work in aqueous solution work in the ultraviolet and visible ranges, from wavelength around 240 nm up to 750 nm. The principle of spectrophotometers and filter photometers is that (as far as possible) monochromatic light is allowed to pass through a container (cell) with optically flat windows containing the solution. It then reaches a light detector, that measures the intensity of the light compared to the intensity after passing through an identical cell with the same solvent but without the coloured substance. From the ratio between the light intensities, knowing the capacity of the coloured substance to absorb light (the absorbency of the coloured substance, or the photon cross section area of the molecules of the coloured substance at a given wavelength), it is possible to calculate the concentration of the substance using Beer's law. Two types of photometers are used: spectrophotometer and filter photometer. In spectrophotometers a monochromator (with prism or with grating) is used to obtain monochromatic light of one defined wavelength. In filter photometers, optical filters are used to give the monochromatic light. Spectrophotometers can thus easily be set to measure the absorbance at different wavelengths, and they can also be used to scan the spectrum of the absorbing substance. They are in this way more flexible than filter photometers, also give a higher optical purity of the analyzing light, and therefore they are preferably used for research purposes. Filter photometers are cheaper, robuster and easier to use and therefore they are used for routine analysis. Photometers for microtiter plates are filter photometers. Spectrophotometry in infrared light is mainly used to study structure of substances, as given groups give absorption at defined wavelengths. Measurement in aqueous solution is generally not possible, as water absorbs infrared light strongly in some wavelength ranges. Therefore, infrared spectroscopy is either performed in the gaseous phase (for volatile substances) or with the substances pressed into tablets together with salts that are transparent in the infrared range. Potassium bromide (KBr) is commonly used for this purpose. The substance being tested is thoroughly mixed with specially purified KBr and pressed into a transparent tablet, that is placed in the beam of light. The analysis of the wavelength dependence is generally not done using a monochromator as it is in UV-Vis, but with the use of an interferometer. The interference pattern can be analyzed using a Fourier transform algorithm. In this way, the whole wavelength range can be analyzed simultaneously, saving time, and an interferometer is also less expensive than a monochromator. The light absorbed in the infrared region does not correspond to electronic excitation of the substance studied, but rather to different kinds of vibrational excitation. The vibrational excitations are characteristic of different groups in a molecule, that can in this way be identified. The infrared spectrum typically has very narrow absorption lines, which makes them unsuited for quantitative analysis but gives very detailed information about the molecules. The frequencies of the different modes of vibration varies with isotope, and therefore different isotopes give different peaks. This makes it possible also to study the isotopic composition of a sample with infrared spectrophotometry. Atomic absorption photometers are photometers that measure the light from a very hot flame. The solution to be analyzed is injected into the flame at a constant, known rate. Metals in the solution are present in atomic form in the flame.",
"kinds of vibrational excitation. The vibrational excitations are characteristic of different groups in a molecule, that can in this way be identified. The infrared spectrum typically has very narrow absorption lines, which makes them unsuited for quantitative analysis but gives very detailed information about the molecules. The frequencies of the different modes of vibration varies with isotope, and therefore different isotopes give different peaks. This makes it possible also to study the isotopic composition of a sample with infrared spectrophotometry. Atomic absorption photometers are photometers that measure the light from a very hot flame. The solution to be analyzed is injected into the flame at a constant, known rate. Metals in the solution are present in atomic form in the flame. The monochromatic light in this type of photometer is generated by a discharge lamp where the discharge takes place in a gas with the metal to be determined. The discharge then emits light with wavelengths corresponding to the spectral lines of the metal. A filter may be used to isolate one of the main spectral lines of the metal to be analyzed. The light is absorbed by the metal in the flame, and the absorption is used to determine the concentration of the metal in the original solution. Rumford's photometer (also called a shadow photometer) depended on the principle that a brighter light would cast a deeper shadow. The two lights to be compared were used to cast a shadow onto paper. If the shadows were of the same depth, the difference in distance of the lights would indicate the difference in intensity (e.g. a light twice as far would be four times the intensity). Ritchie's photometer depended on equal illumination of surfaces. It consisted of a box (a,b) six or eight inches long, and one in width and depth. In the middle, a wedge of wood (f,e,g) was angled upwards and covered with white paper. The user's eye looked through a tube (d) at the top of a box. The height of the apparatus was also adjustable via the stand (c). The lights to compare were placed at the side of the box (m, n)—which illuminated the paper surfaces so that the eye saw both surfaces at once. By changing the position of the lights, they were made to illuminate both surfaces equally, with the difference in intensity corresponding to the square of the difference in distance. This type of photometer depended on the fact that if a light throws the shadow of an opaque object onto a white screen, there is a certain distance that, if a second light is brought there, obliterates all traces of the shadow. \"Article partly based on the corresponding article in Swedish Wikipedia\" Photometer A photometer, generally, is an instrument that measures light intensity or the optical properties of solutions or surfaces. Photometers measure: Before electronic light sensitive elements were developed, photometry was done by estimation by the eye. The relative luminous"
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"German submarine U-3035 German submarine \"U-3035\" was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the \"\"Elektroboote\"\") of Nazi Germany's \"Kriegsmarine\", built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 11 November 1944 at AG Weser, Bremen as yard number 1194. She was launched on 24 January 1945, and commissioned under the command of \"Oberleutnant zur See\" Ernst-August Gerke, on 1 March 1945. Like all Type XXI U-boats, \"U-3035\" had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. She had a total length of (o/a), a beam length of , and a draught length of . The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing , two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing , and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing . The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a submerged speed of . When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate at for ; when surfaced, she could travel at . \"U-3035\" was fitted with six torpedo tubes in the bow and four C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men. On 9 May 1945, \"U-3035\" surrendered at Stavanger, Norway. She was later transferred to Scapa Flow, Scotland, 31 May 1945, arriving 2 June 1945, then to Lisahally, Northern Ireland on 2 June 1945, arriving 4 June 1945. The TNC allocated \"U-3035\" to the Soviet Union. On 14 December 1945, she arrived in Libau, Latvia, as British \"N\"-class \"N28\". On 13 February 1946, the Soviet Navy allocated her to the Baltic Fleet. She was renamed \"B-28\" on 9 June 1949 then sent to the reserve fleet on 29 December 1955. \"B-28\" was redesignated on 18 January 1956, as a floating submarine battery recharging station \"PZS-34\". She was finally struck from the Soviet Navy on 25 March 1958, and broken up for scrap. German submarine U-3035 German submarine \"U-3035\" was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the \"\"Elektroboote\"\") of Nazi Germany's \"Kriegsmarine\", built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 11 November 1944 at AG Weser, Bremen as yard number 1194. She was launched on 24 January 1945, and commissioned under"
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"Shaun Palmer Shaun Palmer (born November 14, 1968) is an American professional snowboarder, skier, mountain biker, and motocross rider. \"Palm Daddy\" is known as one of the forefathers of extreme sports. Shaun Palmer (\"Napalm\") was born in South Lake Tahoe on November 14, 1968. From a young age, Shaun maintained a strong interest in all things fast. His mother told People Magazine in 1999 \"Whether it was on wheels or on a board, it had to be superfast—he had no fear. I remember once when he was 13, I had grounded him. Well, he jumped out of his second-floor bedroom window, got on his bike and took off. He was like that—always pushing the limits.\" While Palmer showed potential in both skiing and baseball, Shaun grew enamored with the still-infant sport of snowboarding. At the age of 12, Shaun built his own snowboard. Palmer taught himself to snowboard, as he was never formally schooled in the sport. In an interview with People Magazine, Palmer stated: \"I didn't watch tapes or study other guys—I just figured out what felt right.\" Just three years after building his own board, Palmer dropped out of high school to become a professional snowboarder. Throughout his snowboarding career, Palmer received various accolades, including USA Today's World's Greatest Athlete, Details Magazine's Athlete of the Year in 1998, and the NEA Extreme Athlete of the Year in 2000. Also in 2000, Palmer was named as the inaugural Laureus World Alternative Sportsperson of the Year. In February 2001, Shaun Palmer was awarded the ESPY Awards' Action Sports Athlete of the Year. In 2006, Palmer earned himself a spot on the 2006 U.S. Olympic Snowboarding Team. Palmer was a long shot, qualifying for the team after an 11th-hour World Cup podium finish in Bad Gastein, Austria, just one month before the 2006 Winter Olympics. Unfortunately, Palmer tore his Achilles tendon just two weeks later, rendering him unable to represent the United States. In 2010, Shaun Palmer was left off the 2010 U.S. Olympic Snowboarding Team. Palmer had sought to fill the last spot on the 18-member squad, but was bumped in favor of Nick Baumgartner. Shaun would have been the oldest man to qualify for the Winter Olympics in history. Palmer began Palmer Snowboards in 1995, as an offshoot of one of the most popular names in extreme sports. As per his Facebook page, Palmer Snowboards closed its U.S.-based office doors in 2008 and the brand is only available for purchase within Europe. Rumor is that a Swiss owner bought the brand with inheritance; as Palmer Snowboard's online shop is all in German language and an account to shop with can only be created with an address in Europe. In 1995, Palmer took up the sport of mountain biking, spending time around some of the sport's foremost authorities. Just one year later, Shaun began competing in the professional mountain biking circuit. Palmer shocked the mountain biking world by proving to be a more than worthy competitor. Shaun placed seventh in downhill at the second 1996 World Cup event of the year, before finishing second in downhill at the 1996 UCI World Championships, missing the top spot by just .15 seconds. Shaun threw his goggles down in frustration after finishing as he rolled through the finish area, showing his determination to obtain nothing but first The event drained Palmer, however he was quick to warn the 1996 champion Nicolas Vouilloz of France in a post race interview that after he gained some more fitness Shaun would soon be beating Vouilloz in the races. In the same interview Shaun was quick and humble to compliment Nicolas as the best rider in the world based on his record of wins. By the end of the biking season, Palmer was number five in the World Cup rankings and seventh in the NORBA National Championship Series. Palmer's debut year landed him a $300,000 annual contract with Mountain Dew Specialized Bicycles team, making Palmer the highest-paid mountain biker in the world. In the 1999 Mountain biking season, Palmer won the NORBA downhill championship in the dual slalom category. Palmer is a professional motocross racer. Palmer claims that motocross is his favorite sport, dubbing it \"the best sport in the world.\" In 2003, Shaun began his professional motocross career racing on the Supercross Tour. Palmer qualified for the tour on his first 125cc Supercross main event, an almost unheard of feat. Between the snowboarding and mountain biking seasons, Palmer took up two new sports, reaching similar levels of success. In 1998, Palmer won the Toyota Celebrity Grand Prix auto race. His interest in auto racing continued, winning the Pike's Peak Hill Climb auto race in 2000 as well as the Jeep King of the Mountain championship in 2008. In 2001, Palmer went head to head with the world's best professional skiers, winning the Ski cross event at the 2001 Winter X Games, as well as the ski cross gold at the Gravity Games of the same year. Throughout the 1990s, Palmer was the lead singer of a punk band called Fungus. Palmer teamed up with Activision, publishers of \"Tony Hawk's Pro Skater\", to create \"Shaun Palmer's Pro Snowboarder\" for the PlayStation 2 in 2001. Palmer has suffered from admitted problems with both alcohol and drug addiction. Shaun Palmer Shaun Palmer (born November 14, 1968) is an American professional snowboarder, skier, mountain biker, and motocross rider. \"Palm Daddy\""
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"Samuel Phillips (journalist) Samuel Phillips (28 December 1814 – 14 October 1854) was an English journalist. Phillips was born in London, the son of a Jewish tradesman. He was educated at University College London, and then at Göttingen. Having renounced the Jewish faith, he returned to England and entered Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge University, with the design of taking orders. His father's death, however, meant that he could not afford to stay at Cambridge longer than a term, and in 1841 he took to literary work. He wrote a novel, \"Caleb Stukely\" (1862), and other tales, and about 1845 began a connection with \"The Times\" as literary critic. In the following year he purchased the \"John Bull\" newspaper, and edited it for a year. Two volumes of his essays from \"The Times\" appeared in 1852 and 1854. Phillips took an active part in the formation of the Crystal Palace Company, and wrote their descriptive guides. In 1852 the University of Göttingen conferred upon him the honorary degree of LL.D. He died in Brighton. Samuel Phillips (journalist) Samuel Phillips (28 December 1814 – 14 October 1854) was an English journalist. Phillips was born in London, the son of a Jewish tradesman."
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"Brachistochrone curve In mathematics and physics, a brachistochrone curve (), or curve of fastest descent, is the one lying on plane between a point \"A\" and a lower point \"B\", where \"B\" is not directly below \"A\", on which a bead slides frictionlessly under the influence of a uniform gravitational field to a given end point in the shortest time. The brachistochrone curve is the same shape as the tautochrone curve; both are cycloids. However, the portion of the cycloid used for each of the two varies. More specifically, the brachistochrone can use up to a complete rotation of the cycloid (at the limit when A and B are at the same level), but always starts at a cusp. In contrast, the tautochrone problem can only use up to the first half rotation, and always ends at the horizontal. The problem can be solved using tools from the calculus of variations and optimal control. The curve is independent of both the mass of the test body and the local strength of gravity. Only a parameter is chosen so that the curve fits the starting point \"A\" and the ending point \"B\". If the body is given an initial velocity at \"A\", or if friction is taken into account, then the curve that minimizes time will differ from the tautochrone curve. Johann Bernoulli posed the problem of the brachistochrone to the readers of \"Acta Eruditorum\" in June, 1696. He said, and he wrote the problem statement as, He published his solution in the journal in May of the following year, and noted that the solution is the same curve as Huygens's tautochrone curve. After deriving the differential equation for the curve by the method given below, he went on to show that it does yield a cycloid. However, his proof is marred by his use of a single constant instead of the three constants, \"v\", \"2g\" and \"D\", below. Bernoulli allowed six months for the solutions but none were received during this period. At the request of Leibniz, the time was publicly extended for a year and a half. At 4 p.m. on 29 January 1697 when he arrived home from the Royal Mint, Isaac Newton found the challenge in a letter from Johann Bernoulli. Newton stayed up all night to solve it and mailed the solution anonymously by the next post. Upon reading the solution, Bernoulli immediately recognized its author, exclaiming that he \"recognizes a lion from his claw mark\". This story gives some idea of Newton's power, since Johann Bernoulli took two weeks to solve it. Newton also wrote, \"I do not love to be dunned [pestered] and teased by foreigners about mathematical things...\", and Newton had already solved Newton's minimal resistance problem, which is considered the first of the kind in calculus of variations. In the end, five mathematicians responded with solutions: Newton, Jakob Bernoulli (Johann's brother), Gottfried Leibniz, Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus and Guillaume de l'Hôpital. Four of the solutions (excluding l'Hôpital's) were published in the same edition of the journal as Johann Bernoulli's. In his paper, Jakob Bernoulli gave a proof of the condition for least time similar to that below before showing that its solution is a cycloid. According to Newtonian scholar Tom Whiteside, in an attempt to outdo his brother, Jakob Bernoulli created a harder version of the brachistochrone problem. In solving it, he developed new methods that were refined by Leonhard Euler into what the latter called (in 1766) the \"calculus of variations\". Joseph-Louis Lagrange did further work that resulted in modern infinitesimal calculus. Earlier, in 1638, Galileo had tried to solve a similar problem for the path of the fastest descent from a point to a wall in his \"Two New Sciences\". He draws the conclusion (Third Day, Theorem 22, Prop. 36) that the arc of a circle is faster than any number of its chords, We are warned earlier in the \"Two New Sciences\" (just after Theorem 6) of possible fallacies and the need for a \"higher science.\" In this dialogue Galileo reviews his own work. The actual solution to Galileo's problem is half a cycloid. Galileo studied the cycloid and gave it its name, but the connection between it and his problem had to wait for advances in mathematics. In a letter to Henri Basnage, held at the University of Basel Public Library, dated 30 March 1697, Johann Bernoulli stated that he had found 2 methods (always referred to as 'direct' and 'indirect') to show that the Brachistochrone was the ‘common cycloid’, also called the ‘roulette‘. Following advice from Leibniz, he only included the indirect method in the Acta Eruditorum Lipsidae of May 1697. He writes that this is partly because he believed it was sufficient to convince anyone who doubted the conclusion, partly because it also resolved 2 famous problems in optics which ‘the late Mr. Huygens’ had raised in his treatise on Light. In the same letter he criticises Newton for concealing his method. As well as his indirect method he also published the 5 other replies to the problem that he received. Johann Bernoulli's direct method is historically important as it was the first proof that the brachistochrone is the cycloid. The method is to determine the curvature of the curve at each point. All the other proofs, including Newton’s (which was not revealed at the time) are based on finding the gradient at each point. It was only in the 3rd volume of Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences (French Academy of Sciences), for 1718, pp 135–138 (followed by the Figure below, on the next page), that Bernoulli explained how he solved the brachistochrone problem by his direct method. Details can be found in ‘The Early Period of the Calculus of Variations’, by P. Freguglia and M. Giaquinta pp 53 – 57, . He explained that he had not published it in 1697, for reasons which no longer applied in 1718. This paper was largely ignored until 1904 when the depth of the method was first appreciated by C. Carathéodory, who stated that it shows that the cycloid is the only possible curve of quickest descent. According to him, the other solutions simply implied that the time of descent is stationary for the cycloid, but not necessarily the minimum possible. A body is regarded as sliding along any small circular arc Ce between the radii KC and Ke, with centre K fixed. The first stage of the proof involves finding the particular circular arc, Mm which the body traverses in the minimum time. The line KNC intersects AL at N, and line Kne intersects it at n, and they make a small angle CKe at K. Let NK = a, and define a variable point, C on KN extended. Of all the possible circular arcs Ce, it is required to find the arc Mm which requires the minimum time to slide between the 2 radii, KM and Km. To find Mm Bernoulli argues as follows. Let MN = x. He defines m so that MD = mx, and n so that Mm = nx + na and notes that x is the only variable and that m is finite and n is infinitely small. The small time to travel along arc Mm is formula_1 which has to be a minimum (‘un plus petit’). He does not explain that because Mm is so small the speed along it can be assumed to be the speed at M, which is as the square root of MD, the vertical distance of M below the horizontal line AL. It follows that, when differentiated this must give This condition defines the curve that the body slides along in the shortest time possible. For each point, M on the curve, the radius of curvature, MK is cut in 2 equal parts by its axis AL. This property, which Bernoulli says had been known for a long time, is unique to the cycloid. Finally, he considers the more general case where the speed is an arbitrary function X(x), so the time to be minimised is formula_3. The minimum condition then becomes formula_4 which he writes as :formula_5 and which gives MN (=x) as a function of NK (= a). From this the equation of the curve could be obtained from the integral calculus, though he does not demonstrate this. He then proceeds with what he called his Synthetic Solution, which was a classical, geometrical proof, that there is only a single curve that",
"condition defines the curve that the body slides along in the shortest time possible. For each point, M on the curve, the radius of curvature, MK is cut in 2 equal parts by its axis AL. This property, which Bernoulli says had been known for a long time, is unique to the cycloid. Finally, he considers the more general case where the speed is an arbitrary function X(x), so the time to be minimised is formula_3. The minimum condition then becomes formula_4 which he writes as :formula_5 and which gives MN (=x) as a function of NK (= a). From this the equation of the curve could be obtained from the integral calculus, though he does not demonstrate this. He then proceeds with what he called his Synthetic Solution, which was a classical, geometrical proof, that there is only a single curve that a body can slide down in the minimum time, and that curve is the cycloid. Assume AMmB is the part of the cycloid joining A to B, which the body slides down in the minimum time. Let ICcJ be part of a different curve joining A to B which can be closer to AL than AMmB. If the arc Mm subtends the angle MKm at its centre of curvature, K, let the arc on IJ that subtends the same angle be Cc. The circular arc through C with centre K is Ce. Point D on AL is vertically above M. Join K to D and point H is where CG intersects KD, extended if necessary. Let formula_6 and t be the times the body takes to fall along Mm and Ce respectively. Extend CG to point F where, formula_9 and since formula_10, it follows that Since MN = NK, for the cycloid: If Ce is closer to K than Mm then In either case, If the arc, Cc subtended by the angle infinitesimal angle MKm on IJ is not circular, it must be greater than Ce, since Cec becomes a right-triangle in the limit as angle MKm approaches zero. Note, Bernoulli proves that CF > CG by a similar but different argument. From this he concludes that a body traverses the cycloid AMB in less time than any other curve ACB. According to Fermat’s principle,the actual path between two points taken by a beam of light is one that takes the least time. In 1697 Johann Bernoulli used this principle to derive the brachistochrone curve by considering the trajectory of a beam of light in a medium where the speed of light increases following a constant vertical acceleration (that of gravity \"g\"). By the conservation of energy, the instantaneous speed of a body \"v\" after falling a height \"y\" in a uniform gravitational field is given by: The speed of motion of the body along an arbitrary curve does not depend on the horizontal displacement. Bernoulli noted that the law of refraction gives a constant of the motion for a beam of light in a medium of variable density: where \"v\" is the constant and \"formula_21\" represents the angle of the trajectory with respect to the vertical. The equations above lead to two conclusions: Assuming for simplicity that the particle (or the beam) with coordinates (x,y) departs from the point (0,0) and reaches maximum speed after falling a vertical distance \"D\": Rearranging terms in the law of refraction and squaring gives: which can be solved for \"dx\" in terms of \"dy\": Substituting from the expressions for \"v\" and \"v\" above gives: which is the differential equation of an inverted cycloid generated by a circle of diameter \"D\". Johann's brother Jakob showed how 2nd differentials can be used to obtain the condition for least time. A modernized version of the proof is as follows. If we make a negligible deviation from the path of least time, then, for the differential triangle formed by the displacement along the path and the horizontal and vertical displacements, On differentiation with \"dy\" fixed we get, And finally rearranging terms gives, where the last part is the displacement for given change in time for 2nd differentials. Now consider the changes along the two neighboring paths in the figure below for which the horizontal separation between paths along the central line is \"dx\" (the same for both the upper and lower differential triangles). Along the old and new paths, the parts that differ are, For the path of least times these times are equal so for their difference we get, And the condition for least time is, In June 1696, Johann Bernoulli had proposed a mathematical challenge in the Acta Eruditorum Lipsidae to find the form of the curve joining 2 fixed points that a mass will slide down in the minimum time. The solution was originally to be submitted within 6 months. At the suggestion of Leibniz he extended the challenge till Easter 1697, by means of a printed text, called ‘Programma’, published in Groningen, the Netherlands. The Programma is dated ‘New Year’s Day’, 1 January 1697, in the Gregorian Calendar. This was 22 December 1696 in the Julian Calendar, in use in Britain. Newton, claimed he had been unaware of the challenge until he first saw it at 4 pm on 29 January, some 5 weeks after its publication. He further claims that he solved it by 4 am the following morning, and his solution is dated 30 January. It seems highly suspicious that it would take so long for a communication from Groningen to arrive in London. Newton’s account should be viewed with scepticism as he was not always truthful about his accomplishments, especially when it comes to his dealings with Leibniz and his associates. Newton’s solution was that the curve was the cycloid, though he never publicly demonstrated his method of proof. Bernoulli, writing to Henri Basnage in March 1697, recognised that although the author, ‘by an excess of modesty’ had not revealed his name, yet even from the scant details supplied he knew that it was from Mr Newton, ‘as the lion by its claw’ [ex ungue Leonem]. It is even possible that Newton had previous knowledge of the challenge. His teacher, Wallis in Oxford, who was 80 had been made aware of it in September 1696, by Bernoulli’s youngest brother, Hieronymus, and had spent 3 months attempting a solution before passing it to David Gregory in December, who also failed to solve it. After Newton had submitted his solution, Gregory asked him for the details and made notes from their conversation. These can be found in the University of Edinburgh Library, manuscript A formula_33, dated 7 March 1697. Either Gregory did not understand Newton’s argument, or Newton’s explanation was very brief. However, it is possible, with a high degree of confidence, to construct Newton’s proof from Gregory’s notes, by analogy with his method to determine the solid of minimum resistance (Principia, Book 2, Proposition 34, Scholium 2). A detailed description of his solution of this latter problem is included in the draft of a letter in 1694, also to David Gregory. Note, a lot of the information here was taken from, No. 737 Bulletin De L'Union Des Physiciens, 'Chute d'une bille le long d'une gouttière cycloïdale; Tautochrone et brachistochrone; Propriétés et historique.', Pages 1251 – 1289, Vol 85, Oct 1991 – Jacques Dubois, 37000 Tours, France In addition to the minimum time curve problem there was a second problem which Newton also solved at the same time. Both solutions appeared anonymously in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, for January 1697. Fig. 1, shows Gregory’s diagram (except the additional line IF is absent from it, and Z, the start point has been added). The curve ZVA is a cycloid and CHV is its generating circle. Since it appears that the body is moving upwards from e to E, it must be assumed that a small body is released from Z and slides along the curve to A, without friction, under the action of gravity. Consider a small arc eE which the body is ascending. Assume that it traverses the straight line eL to point L, horizontally displaced from E by a small distance, o, instead of the arc eE. Note, that eL is not the tangent at e, and that o will be negative when L is between B and E. Draw the line through E parallel to CH, cutting eL at n. From a property of the cycloid, En is the normal to the tangent at E, and",
"1697. Fig. 1, shows Gregory’s diagram (except the additional line IF is absent from it, and Z, the start point has been added). The curve ZVA is a cycloid and CHV is its generating circle. Since it appears that the body is moving upwards from e to E, it must be assumed that a small body is released from Z and slides along the curve to A, without friction, under the action of gravity. Consider a small arc eE which the body is ascending. Assume that it traverses the straight line eL to point L, horizontally displaced from E by a small distance, o, instead of the arc eE. Note, that eL is not the tangent at e, and that o will be negative when L is between B and E. Draw the line through E parallel to CH, cutting eL at n. From a property of the cycloid, En is the normal to the tangent at E, and similarly the tangent at E is parallel to VH. Since the displacement, EL is small it differs little in direction from the tangent at E so that the angle EnL is close to a right-angle. In the limit as the arc eE approaches zero, eL becomes parallel to VH, provided o is small compared to eE making the triangles EnL and CHV similar. Also en approaches the length of chord eE, and the increase in length, formula_34, ignoring terms in formula_35 and higher, which represent the error due to the approximation that eL and VH are parallel The speed along eE or eL can be taken as that at E, proportional to formula_36 which is as CH, since formula_37 This appears to be all that Gregory’s note contains. Let t be the additional time to reach L, formula_38 Therefore, the increase in time to traverse a small arc displaced at one endpoint depends only on the displacement at the endpoint and is independent of the position of the arc. However, by Newton’s method, this is just the condition required for the curve to be traversed in the minimum time possible. Therefore, he concludes that the minimum curve must be the cycloid. He argues as follows. Assuming now that Fig. 1 is the minimum curve not yet determined, with vertical axis CV, and the circle CHV removed, and Fig. 2 shows part of the curve between the infinitesimal arc eE and a further infinitesimal arc Ff a finite distance along the curve. The extra time, t, to traverse eL (rather than eE) is nL divided by the speed at E (proportional to ), ignoring terms in formula_35 and higher: formula_40, At L the particle continues along a path LM, parallel to the original EF, to some arbitrary point M. As it has the same speed at L as at E, the time to traverse LM is the same as it would have been along the original curve EF. At M it returns to the original path at point f. By the same reasoning, the reduction in time, T, to reach f from M rather than from F is formula_41 The difference (t – T) is the extra time it takes along the path eLMf compared to the original eEFf : formula_42 plus terms in formula_35 and higher (1) Because eEFf is the minimum curve, (t – T) is must be greater than zero, whether o is positive or negative. It follows that the coefficient of o in (1) must be zero: formula_44 (2) in the limit as eE and fF approach zero. Note since eEFf is the minimum curve it has to be assumed that the coefficient of formula_35 is greater than zero. Clearly there has to be 2 equal and opposite displacements, or the body would not return to the endpoint, A, of the curve. If e is fixed, and if f is considered a variable point higher up the curve, then for all such points, f, formula_46 is constant (equal to formula_47). By keeping f fixed and making e variable it is clear that formula_47 is also constant. But, since points, e and f are arbitrary, equation (2) can only be true if formula_49, everywhere, and this condition characterises the curve that is sought. This is the same technique he uses to find the form of the Solid of Least Resistance. For the cycloid, formula_50 , so that formula_51 which was shown above to be constant, and the Brachistochrone is the cycloid. Newton gives no indication of how he discovered that the cycloid satisfied this last relation. It may have been by trial and error, or he may have recognised immediately that it implied the curve was the cycloid. Brachistochrone curve In"
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"Erzsébet Kocsis Erzsébet Kocsis (born 11 March 1965 in Győr) is a Hungarian former handball player and the current technical director of Dunaújvárosi NKS. She was voted World Handball Player of the Year 1995 by the International Handball Federation. She has won 125 caps for the Hungarian national team, with them she received a bronze medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics and a silver medal at the 1995 World Championship. At club level, she has won all three major continental titles with Dunaújváros. First in 1995 the EHF Cup Winners' Cup, four years later the EHF Cup, and in 1999 the EHF Champions League. She gave up professional handball in 2000, however, following her former team have lost most of their players due to financial problems, she returned into action in 2009, helping Dunaújváros to avoid the relegation. She is married to Árpád Sári, a former handballer. Their daughter, Barbara Sári is a professional handball player as well. Erzsébet Kocsis Erzsébet Kocsis (born 11 March 1965 in Győr) is a Hungarian former handball player and the current technical director of Dunaújvárosi NKS. She was voted World Handball Player of the Year 1995 by the International Handball Federation. She has won"
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"The Lost Valley of Iskander \"The Lost Valley of Iskander\" is an El Borak short story by Robert E. Howard. It was not published within Howard's lifetime, the first publication was in the FAX Collector's Editions hardback \"The Lost Valley of Iskander\" in 1974. Its original title was \"Swords of the Hills\". This was one of two Berkley collections of Robert E. Howard's El Borak stories, and the first time the story \"The Lost Valley of Iskander\" appeared in print. Five of his El Borak stories were sold during his lifetime, although two only came out after his death. According to the introduction to this collection, among Howard's papers was found another El Borak story, plus an unfinished one—the completed one, \"Swords of the Hills\", appearing in this volume as \"The Lost Valley of Iskander.\"Three-Bladed Doom\", except L. Sprague de Camp gives a complete history for that story in an essay found in The Sword of Conan. He indicates that \"Three-Bladed Doom\" was a complete, but unpublished manuscript.\"The Lost Valley of Iskander\" has El Borak racing to deliver papers detailing plans to \"send howling hordes of fanatics across the Indian border\", while pursued by Gustav Hunyadi, the author of those plans. El Borak happens upon a lost city, left over from the invasion of Alexander the Great, and gets on the wrong side of the city's king, Ptolemy. In this story, El Borak discovers a legendary valley in which live Greek descendants of Alexander the Great invading army. Meanwhile, the vital package he carries must be carried to British India before the Hungarian, Hunyadi, can stop him or thousands will die. \"The Daughter of Erlik Khan\" has El Borak (aka Francis Xavier Gordon) fighting to rescue Yasmeena, one time rich brat, now pretend \"goddess\" to the people of the all-but-forbidden city of Yolgan. A former Rajah husband has offered a reward to any man who will bring her home so she can be beaten to death with a slipper (!), and two evil Englishmen, Ormond and Pembroke, have decided to take him up on it. One weakness with the El Borak stories is a dearth of women, so this story ranks a little higher in my estimation than some. Yasmeena herself is another one of those interesting strong-but-vulnerable female characters which REH did so well. For a woman with a death-sentence hanging over her head, she shows remarkable pluck. Then too, any woman who, bored with life, would chuck everything and run off to become a goddess. Introduction (The Lost Valley of Iskander) • essay by Darrell C. Richardson The Lost Valley of Iskander • interior artwork by Michael Kaluta [as by Michael William Kaluta ] 3 • The Daughter of Erlik Khan • [El Borak] • (1934) • novella by Robert E. Howard 86 • The Lost Valley of Iskander • [El Borak] • novelette by Robert E. Howard 126 • Hawk of the Hills • [El Borak] • (1935) • novelette by Robert E. Howard Note: Naperville, Il. illustration by Michael William Kaluta . Authors: Robert E. Howard Year: 1976-00-00 Publisher: Orbit Price: £0.60 Pages: 194 Binding: pb Type: COLLECTION Title Reference: The Lost Valley of Iskander Cover: Christos Achilleos Notes: Includes only the interior B&W illustrations from the 1974 FAX first edition. Cover/artist match from \"Beauty and the Beast\" pg 30. Dated August 1975 (probable commission date). Other prices A$2.20, NZ$2.20, C$2.50 Bibliographic Comments: Add new Publication com Checkmark Authors: Robert E. Howard Year: 1976-01-00 Publisher: Zebra Books / Kensington Publishing Corp. Price: $1.50 Pages: xii+195 Binding: pb Type: COLLECTION Title Reference: The Lost Valley of Iskander Cover: Jeff Jones Notes: Stated 1st printing. Only includes the interior B&W illustrations from the 1974 FAX first edition. El Borak must carry vital papers across Afghanistan into India, while being chased by the Hungarian Gustav Hunyadi. In doing so, El Borak discovers a village populated by the descendants of Alexander the Great's army. The Lost Valley of Iskander \"The Lost Valley of Iskander\" is an El Borak short story by Robert E. Howard. It was not published within Howard's lifetime, the first publication was in the FAX Collector's Editions hardback \"The Lost Valley of Iskander\" in 1974. Its original"
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"Remigijus Šimašius Remigijus Šimašius (born 12 January 1974 in Tauragė) is a Lithuanian jurist and politician, member of Seimas (2012-2015), Minister of Justice (2008-2012), Mayor of Vilnius since 2015. In 1997 Šimašius graduated from the Faculty of Law at the Vilnius University, with a degree in law. In 2002 attained a PhD, after defending his doctoral dissertation on Legal pluralism at the Lithuanian University of Law (now Mykolas Romeris University). From 2006 to 2008 he was the President of the Lithuanian Free Market Institute. From 9 December 2008 to 13 December 2012 he was the Minister of Justice of the 15th Government headed by Andrius Kubilius. In May 2016, in the midst of a Liberal Movement bribery scandal, Eligijus Masiulis resigned as chairman and Antanas Guoga took over as the interim chairman. Guoga immediately suggested that bribery is widespread within the party and the party needs to become more transparent, which resulted in an initiative to remove Guoga. Guoga resigned two days after becoming interim chairman. In June 2016, Remigijus Šimašius was elected chairman. Since Šimašius took over, around 20 members left the party, including some prominent members, for example Gintaras Steponavičius. Other members broke off Liberal movement and created 2 new political parties. In October 2017, Mr Šimašius left as chairman after 16 months on the job. In March 2015, Šimašius was elected mayor of Vilnius. As a mayor, Šimašius has received extensive criticism for lack of achievements, lack of meaningful productivity, and poor leadership. Political editors, other mayors and Lithuanian prime minister are among Šimašius' critics. In an interview with Lietuvos Rytas, Šimašius revealed that he has difficult time accepting criticism and has little regard to what other people think about him. His administration has also been criticized for failing to tackle corruption in public proccurement. In particular, Šimašius' deputy Linas Kvedaravičius was criticized for incompetence and lack of transparency, resulting and in a failed vote of no confidence against him. Šimašius himself has been subpoenaed multiple times in the bribery scandal of MG Baltic and Eligijus Masiulis. In October 2017, Šimašius voted to move Vilnius' central bus station from its central location near to the railway station to Pilaitė, a suburb in the outskirts of Vilnius with serious traffic congestion problems. Plans were met with heavy criticism by inhabitants of Vilnius. In April 2016, Šimašius highlighted the achievements over the first year of his administrations, including: Opposition political parties criticized the conference for being filled with self-flattery, for attempting to pass the achievements of previous administrations as personal achievements and because highlighted achievements were relatively minuscule . In 2017, there was no annual press conference on administration's two year achievements. On 29 April 2012, a group within Lithuanian parliament Seimas called a motion of no confidence against then justice minister Šimašius. Vote of no confidence contained five points: justice system reform, situation in Lithuanian prisons, Lithuanian judicial medical agency, data on Alesis Beliackis sharing with Belarus and pedophilia scandal in Garliava. Criticism on homosexual marriages law, lawsuits surrounding Curonian Spit houses, complaints on many prominent unfinished law cases (death of Vytautas Pociūnas, Pakaunės savanorių maištas, deaths of law enforcement agents, Bražuolės diversija, etc.) were also part of the proceedings. Šimašius survived the motion of no confidence, because only 63 members of Seimas attended the vote. Policy mandates that no less than 71 votes are necessary. Out of attending members, majority (36/63) voted in favor of removing Šimašius and about a quarter voted for keeping Šimašius (15/63). Remigijus Šimašius Remigijus Šimašius (born 12 January 1974 in Tauragė) is a Lithuanian jurist and politician, member of Seimas (2012-2015), Minister"
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"Nay-1-1 Nay-1-1 is a 2012 Philippine television infotainment show broadcast by GMA Network. Hosted by Jaya and Gladys Reyes, it premiered on November 12, 2012. The show concluded on December 28, 2012 with a total of 35 episodes. The show puts the two hosts on an important mission, which is to keep wives and mothers from losing their sanity at home! They do this by extending help to solve problems at home, giving tips, advice, and also a little time for fun and enjoyment. The show also has an \"Emergency Mommy Tracker\" which shows exactly where the emergency is on an iPad. The moms can text the show through the number 4627 and via email through the show's official Facebook page and Twitter. According to AGB Nielsen Philippines' Mega Manila household television ratings, the pilot episode of \"Nay-1-1\" earned a 5.1% rating. While the final episode scored a 6.5% rating. Nay-1-1 Nay-1-1 is a 2012 Philippine television infotainment show broadcast by GMA Network. Hosted by Jaya and Gladys Reyes, it premiered on November 12, 2012. The show concluded on December 28, 2012 with a total of 35 episodes. The show puts the two hosts on an important mission, which is"
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"Chiseltooth wrasse The chiseltooth wrasse, \"Pseudodax moluccanus\", is a species of wrasse native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. It is an inhabitant of coral reefs and can be found at depths from , though rarely deeper than . This species grows to in total length. It is of minor importance to local commercial fisheries and can be found in the aquarium trade. \"P. moluccanus\" is the only known member of its genus. The common name is Chiseltooth wrasse. They were found in salt water. The area of dispersion is Andaman Sea. They were used for Fishery: Small Trading; Aquarium: Trade Chiseltooth wrasse The chiseltooth wrasse, \"Pseudodax moluccanus\", is a species of wrasse native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. It is an inhabitant of coral reefs and can be found at depths from , though rarely deeper than . This species grows to in total length. It is of minor importance to local commercial fisheries and can be found in the aquarium trade. \"P. moluccanus\" is the only known member of its genus. The common name is Chiseltooth wrasse. They were found in salt water. The area of dispersion is Andaman Sea. They"
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"Mark Philips (politician) Mark Philips (4 November 1800 – 23 December 1873) was an English Liberal Party politician, and one of the first pair of Members of Parliament for Manchester after the Great Reform Act. Mark Philips was born at Philips Park, Whitefield, Lancashire, the son of Robert Philips, a prosperous merchant and Anne Needham. He was educated at the Manchester Academy while it was in York and then at the University of Glasgow. His younger brother, Robert Needham Philips, was MP for Bury and other members of his extended family were also elected to the House of Commons; all of them, as with Mark, supported the ideals of Manchesterism. He has been described as a \"radical entrepreneur\" and campaigned in favour of causes promoting non-sectarianism before entering the House of Commons. The town of Manchester was deprived of its parliamentary representation in 1660 in reprisal for its support of the Parliamentarian faction during the English Civil War. Representation was only restored following the Great Reform Act of 1832. Philips and Charles Poulett Thomson were the first pair of MPs, elected in that year. He represented the city in Parliament until 1847. He was an active member of the Anti-Corn Law League and a champion of universal education. In 1837 he chaired a meeting that led to the creation of the Lancashire Public Schools' Association which was instrumental in establishing a system of publicly funded schooling in the UK. Philips also played an important role in establishing England's first free public library in 1852 and he was President of his old school, Manchester Academy, from 1842 to 1846 and from 1871 until his death. He was High Sheriff of Warwickshire for 1851. Philips donated money to many causes including £1,000 towards the fund for the provision of open spaces and parks for the City of Manchester. This resulted in many estates being purchased by the city, including Lark Hill in Salford, which became Peel Park, and the Bradford Estate which became Philips Park in east Manchester. He died, aged 73, at Welcombe House, Snitterfield, near Stratford-upon-Avon. Mark Philips (politician) Mark Philips (4 November 1800 – 23 December 1873) was an English Liberal Party politician, and one of the first pair of Members of Parliament for Manchester after the Great Reform Act. Mark Philips was born at Philips Park, Whitefield, Lancashire, the son of Robert Philips, a prosperous merchant and Anne"
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"Sahara (actress) Shahara (; born 19 June 1990) is a Bangladeshi film actress. She made her debut through the film \"Rukhe Daraw\" in 2004 with Shakib Khan. She is one of the two biggest female lead actors of Bangladeshi film industry in modern era. She appeared in more than half a century of movies during her career spanning from 2003 to 2013, the year her last movie was released. She did not signe any movie after that and thought to have retired after getting married in 2015. Shahara started her career in 2004 with the film \"Rukhe Darao\". Shahara was a superb addition to Bangladeshi film industry during the days action films in the middle part of last decade. Her start in the film industry was not a smooth ride. \"Rukhe Darao\", her first movie, did not do well in the box office as she was deemed to be too conservative for films. She was under pressure to change this tag and appeared in a bolder role in her next movie \"Varate Khuni\". The movie did not fare well but Shahara caught the eyes as she shed clothes, flaunted skin in exotic revealing outfits. This change in appearance brought her the break she wanted. She signed a plethora of new action films, the most coveted genre of that era. One of them named \"Bishakto Chokh\", a big budget movie starring super star Rubel and Reaz, was the film that brought her fame and also raised a few eyebrows. Shahara shelved her conservative tag completely and even appeared in lingerie in front of the camera in a smoking hot song with superstar Rubel. This movie brought her acclaim and also established her as a bombshell in the film industry. As an after effect, she landed several roles as a glamour girl. Shahara's stock rose as her acting and sexy presence wooed the audience. She concentrated on doing smoking hot romantic songs with co actor, particularly Alek Zander Bo, and also item numbers. \"Order\", \"Lucky Seven\", \"Damn Care\", \"Tin Badshah\" and \"Shanto keno Oshanto\", alongside co actor Alexander Bo, are some of the movies that stood out in the box office.\"Chondrima ei Raate\" from the movie \"Order\" was one of the most sensational songs of that era, where Shahara, wearing only a tinny towel, was struggling to cover up her body and squirming on a bed as co actor was ogling at her. This song brought her tremendous success as more and more directors were interested in taking her in their movies. She was a leading action film heroine at the end of the year 2005. In 2008, the demand of romantic flick was at all-time high and Shahara, mainly an action film heroine, was thought be in trouble. But she once again proved everyone wrong and starred in blockbuster \"Priya Amar Priya\". This is one of the highest-grossing movies in Bangladeshi film industry. This hit made Shahara the most sought after actress in the country. She never looked back from that. She became the number one heroine of the country within three years and inscribed her name in Bangladeshi film folklore. Sahara (actress) Shahara (; born 19 June 1990) is a Bangladeshi film actress. She made her debut through the film \"Rukhe Daraw\" in 2004 with Shakib Khan. She is one of the two biggest female lead actors of Bangladeshi film industry in modern era. She appeared in more than half a century of movies during her career spanning from 2003 to 2013, the year her last movie was released. She did not signe any movie after that and thought to"
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"Theatre Olympics The Theatre Olympics was established in 1993 in Delphi, Greece, on the initiative of the famous Greek theatre director, Theodoros Terzopoulos. TO is an international theatre festival, which is presenting some of the achievements of the greatest theatre practitioners from around the world. It is a platform for theatrical exchange, a gathering place for students and masters, where a dialogue despite ideological, culture and language differences is encouraged. Moreover, as its subtitle suggests, Crossing Millennia, it is an initiative that emphasizes the importance of connecting the past, present, and future together. For this reason, the festival is promoting richness and diversity of theatre heritage and also all kinds of experiments and research in the field of performing arts. The goal of the TO is to strengthen and re-establish the statues of contemporary theatre in the world. This objective is achieved by contributing to the growth of international collaboration, building a network among artists all over the world and, creating an opportunity for the host of the festival to showcase and promote their work in theatre and other performing arts. The first official meeting of the International Committee of TO took place on the 18th of June, 1994 in Delphi, Greece. The founding committee was a group of eight internationally renowned theatre directors: Theodoros Terzopoulos, Nuria Espert, Antunes Filho, Tony Harrison, Yuri Lyubimov, Heiner Müller, Tadashi Suzuki and Robert Wilson. According to their decisions the TO is a non-profit organization. Its administrative headquarters are located in Athens, Greece (European office) and in Togamura, Japan (Asian office). Moreover, the International Committee of TO meets once a year. It can attract new members, on the condition of gaining at least two-thirds of the votes and being recommended by one of the existing members. The TO has its one logotype, which was designed by the American theater stage director, Robert Wilson. Currently the International Committee of TO consists of fourteen members: The TO each time is held in a different country. So far there have been five festivals and, except from one, took place in the countries of the members of the International Committee of TO. An International Committee member, who represents the host country, has the honor to be responsible for its artistic directing. In addition, he also has to establish the national organizing committee, consisting of prominent representatives of the country’s cultural life. The hosting cities have been: Sources Theatre"
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"Frank Grant Ulysses Franklin \"Frank\" Grant (August 1, 1865 – May 27, 1937), nicknamed \"The Black Dunlap\", was an African-American baseball player in the 19th century. Early in his career, he was a star player in the International League, shortly before Jim Crow restrictions were imposed that banned African-American players from organized baseball. He became a pioneer in the early Negro leagues, starring for several of the top African-American teams of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He is widely considered to have been the greatest African-American player of the 19th century. In 2006, Grant was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame. He is the earliest Negro league player to have received that honor. Grant was born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. He played semipro baseball in Pittsfield and in Plattsburgh, New York. In 1886, Grant played for an Eastern League team based in Meriden, Connecticut. He signed with the Buffalo team in the International League, one level below the major leagues, later that season. Though most sources describe the official integration of organized baseball for several more decades, Grant was one of five black players who played in baseball's otherwise white minor leagues. When he debuted with the team, a Buffalo newspaper reporter referred to Grant as \"a Spaniard\". He hit .344 with Buffalo. In 1887, the 22-year-old paced the IL with 11 home runs and 49 extra-base hits and led Buffalo with 40 stolen bases. In 1887, John Chapman, the Bisons' veteran manager, valued Grant's services at $5,000—quite a compliment when Chicago had recently sold superstar Mike Kelly to Boston for $10,000. During the 1887 season, he hit for the cycle in one game and stole home twice in another. Despite significant racial turmoil that year, Buffalo forced the IL to rescind a proposed color line to keep Grant in town. In the late 19th century, few black hitters matched up with Grant. A middle infielder, mostly a second baseman, Grant had fielding skills widely praised as the best in the league. He had substantial power at the plate, often hitting home runs and very often getting extra base hits. Grant hit for extra bases every four times he got a hit. He achieved this although he was quite small (5'7\", 155 pounds). Author Jerry Malloy described Grant as \"the greatest Negro baseball player of the 19th century.\" Grant is also notable for becoming the first black player to play on the same team in organized baseball for three consecutive seasons. He was known as \"The Black Dunlap\", a comparison drawn to the defensive skills of 19th-century white second baseman Fred Dunlap. By 1888, anti-black sentiment was all around the league, and it seemed only Buffalo argued against segregation (possibly because of Grant). When blacks were banned from organized, white-controlled baseball after 1887, Grant went on to become a hugely successful Negro leaguer for the Cuban X Giants, Big Gorhams and Philadelphia Giants into the 20th century. Grant ended his career in 1903, ending the early era of the Negro Leagues. After his baseball career, Grant's name rarely appeared in the press. He lived a quiet life as a waiter for a catering company. He died at age 71 in New York City. His grave in East Ridgelawn Cemetery, Clifton, New Jersey, was unmarked until June 2011. Frank Grant Ulysses Franklin \"Frank\" Grant (August 1, 1865 – May 27, 1937), nicknamed \"The Black Dunlap\", was an African-American baseball player in the 19th century. Early in his career, he was a star player in the International League, shortly before Jim Crow restrictions were imposed that banned African-American players"
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"Nannophrys naeyakai Nannophrys naeyakai is a species of frogs in the family Dicroglossidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka, where it is only known from two localities in Ampara and Monaragala Districts between 200 and 620 m above sea level. It was described as a new species in 2007. \"N. naeyakai\" can be distinguished from the other \"Nannophrys\" species by the details of the tubercles on the fourth toe, sharp and narrow symphysial knob on the anterior edge of mandible and small palmar tubercles. \"N. naeyakai\" is only active for a short period December–February, as the streams it lives in are seasonal. Outside the rainy season it hides underground. The species is more active during the night than at day time. Nannophrys naeyakai Nannophrys naeyakai is a species of frogs in the family Dicroglossidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka, where it is only known from two localities in Ampara and Monaragala Districts between 200 and 620 m above sea level. It was described as a new species in 2007. \"N. naeyakai\" can be distinguished from the other \"Nannophrys\" species by the details of the tubercles on the fourth toe, sharp and narrow symphysial knob on the anterior edge of"
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"Esto Bates Broughton Esto Bates Broughton (January 9, 1890 – November 20, 1956) was an American lawyer, journalist, publicist, and politician, one of the first four women to serve in the California State Assembly when they were elected in 1918. Broughton, who was sworn into office at age 29, was also the youngest woman ever to serve in the California legislature, until her record was broken in 2002. Esto Bates Broughton was born in Modesto, California, the daughter of James Richard Broughton and Jennie Bates Broughton. Her father was a bank president. She attended the University of California at Berkeley, completing undergraduate studies in 1915, and earning her law degree in the class of 1916. Esto Bates Broughton was the first woman lawyer in Stanislaus County, California In 1918 she was the only Democratic woman candidate elected to the California state assembly, and one of the first four women to be elected to the state's legislature, along with Grace S. Dorris, Elizabeth Hughes, and Anna L. Saylor. Broughton, representing Modesto, was reelected in 1920, 1922, and 1924. While in the legislature, she introduced bills on community property, agricultural irrigation, consumer protection, and jobs for World War I veterans. She objected to the exploitation of children in motion picture productions, but said she didn't mind \"Theda Bara giving the girls lessons in vamping, although I think she carries it too far.\" Broughton chaired the publicity department of the California Federation of Women's Clubs. In 1928, she addressed the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom meeting in Hawaii, at which Jane Addams was presiding. From 1928 to 1931, she was publicist for the Pasadena Playhouse. In 1931, she was working as a journalist, covering state politics for the \"Fresno Republican\" and other newspapers. In 1932 she was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention that nominated Franklin Delano Roosevelt for president. She started a weekly newspaper, \"Political Straws\", in 1933. In 1944, she ran for Congress, and was endorsed by the Merced County Democratic Central Committee. In the same year, she campaigned for Franklin Roosevelt's re-election. Broughton died in Modesto in 1956, aged 66 years. Her nephew was San Francisco poet, filmmaker, and playwright James Broughton (1913-1999). Esto Bates Broughton was 29 years old when she was sworn into office early in 1919. Nobody younger than that was sworn into the California Assembly until 2002, when Cindy Montañez took office at age 28. Esto Bates Broughton Esto Bates Broughton (January 9, 1890 – November 20, 1956) was an American lawyer, journalist, publicist, and politician, one of the first four women to serve in the California State Assembly when they were elected in 1918. Broughton, who was sworn into office at age 29, was also the youngest woman ever to serve in the California legislature, until her record was broken in 2002. Esto Bates Broughton was born in Modesto, California, the daughter of James Richard Broughton and Jennie Bates Broughton. Her father was a bank president. She attended the University of California"
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"Alexander Pirogov Alexander Stepanovich Pirogov (; 1899–1964), PAU, was a Russian bass opera singer. Pirogov was born in Ryazan, one of five sons of a musical father. Four of the five brothers became singers, most notably Grigory, also a bass. From 1924 through 1954, he was one of the main bass soloists of the Bolshoi Theatre along with Mark Reizen, and Maxim Mikhailov. He recorded under Samuil Samosud, Alexander Melik-Pashayev, Aleksandr Gauk, Nikolai Golovanov, and Vassili Nebolsin. In 1955, he played Boris Godunov in a film version, winning a medal in Italy. In 1954 he made his only performances outside the Soviet Union singing the role of Boris Godunov in Finnish National Opera in Helsinki on January 28 and 30 and February 2. He also visited Helsinki in 1956 with performances on October 21 and 24. Alexander Pirogov Alexander Stepanovich Pirogov (; 1899–1964), PAU, was a Russian bass opera singer. Pirogov was born in Ryazan, one of five sons of a musical father. Four of the five brothers became singers, most notably Grigory, also a bass. From 1924 through 1954, he was one of the main bass soloists of the Bolshoi Theatre along with Mark Reizen, and Maxim Mikhailov. He"
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"Russ Ptacek Russ Ptacek (born Russell Ray Ptacek September 5, 1963 Great Bend, KS, US) is an American investigative journalist, documentary film maker, businessperson, social media and television personality. Ptacek is best known for his role as investigative reporter at USA Today Network, Tegna National Investigations, WUSA in Washington, D.C., KSHB in Kansas City, and WIBW in Topeka. Russ Ptacek is currently president of VNI Television and has traveled for VNI Television to more than 40 countries. Ptacek also founded NewsTV Corporation, (which he sold in 2001) to provide field producers, photographers and camera rentals to US network and international news organizations. Mr. Ptacek is a member of Investigative Reporters and Editors, National Press Club and National Press Photographers Association. He attended the University of Kansas. AP Awards, Emmy Awards, Edward R. Murrow Award Russ Ptacek Russ Ptacek (born Russell Ray Ptacek September 5, 1963 Great Bend, KS, US) is an American investigative journalist, documentary film maker, businessperson, social media and television personality. Ptacek is best known for his role as investigative reporter at USA Today Network, Tegna National Investigations, WUSA in Washington, D.C., KSHB in Kansas City, and WIBW in Topeka. Russ Ptacek is currently president of VNI Television"
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"Winner Takes All (album) Winner Takes All is the seventeenth studio album by The Isley Brothers and released on T-Neck Records and their seventh record to be distributed by Epic Records on June 16, 1979. The album included the number-one R&B hit, \"I Wanna Be With You\" and the top 20 UK disco hit, \"It's a Disco Night (Rock Don't Stop)\". The album was remastered and expanded for inclusion in the 2015 released CD box set \"The RCA Victor & T-Neck Album Masters, 1959-1983\". The album continued the brothers' trademark of mixing uptempo funk numbers with softer soul balladry. However, their sound now included elements of disco. While some of their music had pioneered the genre, \"Winner Takes All\" was the first album to embrace disco rhythms. The disco element helped songs such as \"I Wanna Be With You\" and \"It's a Disco Night (Rock Don't Stop)\" become hits. However, the band didn't release any ballads from the album, making it one of the few times since 1973 that they not released a ballad as a single. However, ballads like \"You're Beside Me\" and \"How Lucky I Am\" still received airplay on quiet storm radio formats. The album was successful enough on both the pop and R&B album charts where it reached #14 and #3 respectively and eventually went gold after selling past 500,000 copies. Unless otherwise noted, Information is based on Liner notes Winner Takes All (album) Winner Takes All is the seventeenth studio album by The Isley Brothers and released on T-Neck Records and their seventh record to be distributed by Epic Records on June 16, 1979. The album included the number-one R&B hit, \"I Wanna Be With You\" and the top 20 UK disco hit, \"It's a Disco Night (Rock Don't Stop)\". The album was remastered and"
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"Iron Knob Iron Knob is a town in the Australian state of South Australia on the Eyre Peninsula immediately south of the Eyre Highway. At the 2006 census, Iron Knob and the surrounding area had a population of 199. The town obtained its name from its proximity to large deposits of iron ore, most notably Iron Monarch which outcropped prominently from the relatively flat, surrounding landscape. The name Iron Knob first appeared on pastoral lease maps of 1854, and the first mineral claim in the area was pegged by the Broken Hill Proprietary Company in 1897. Mining commenced in 1900 and iron ore was transported by bullock wagon to Port Augusta then by rail to Port Pirie where it was used as a flux in the lead smelter there. In 1901 a tramway from Iron Knob to Hummock Hill (later renamed Whyalla) was completed, followed by wharves in 1903. These allowed the direct loading of ships which could transport the ore across Spencer Gulf to Port Pirie. Iron Knob's iron ore proved to be of such high quality (upwards of 60% purity) that it led to the development of the Australian steel industry. It supplied iron to Newcastle for and steel works established at Newcastle and Port Kembla in the 1910s and 1920s and Whyalla in the 1930s. The iron ore was transported by railway to Whyalla where it was either smelted or dispatched by sea. 21% of the steel required for the construction of the Sydney Harbour Bridge was quarried at Iron Knob and smelted at Port Kembla, New South Wales. The remaining 79% was imported from England. In the 1920s, iron ore from Iron Knob was exported to the Netherlands and the United States of America. In the 1930s, customers included Germany and the United Kingdom. Prior to World War II, iron ore from Iron Knob was also exported to Japan. In the financial year 1935-36, 291,961 tonnes of ore from Iron Knob was shipped there via the seaport of Whyalla. This became a controversial matter in the late 1930s due in part to Australia's known reserves at the time being limited to Iron Knob and Yampi Sound in Western Australia. Japan was also considered an 'aggressor' nation following acts of war against China in 1937. Waterfront workers and seamen protested against the export of iron ore to Japan, leading to strikes and arrests. In 1937, output from the Middleback Range, mostly from Iron Monarch was estimated at 2 mtpa. In 1939, it was referred to in England as the highest grade deposit of iron ore known in the world. In 1943, the iron Knob deposit was still delivering an average ore grade of 64 percent metallic content. In 1949, 99% of Australian demand for iron ore was met by supply from Iron Knob and associated mines in South Australia, having risen from 95% in 1943. Additional deposits of iron ore were developed by the Broken Hill Proprietary Company further south along the Middleback Range. These include Iron Baron, Iron Prince and Iron Queen (discovered in 1920) and Iron Knight, Iron Duchess and Iron Duke (discovered in 1934). Quarrying for iron at Iron Knob and Iron Monarch ended in 1998. When the quarrying stopped, the town population reduced to 200 and Iron Knob was under threat of becoming a ghost town. However, due to rising prices of housing elsewhere, the town has attracted new residents seeking low cost residences. A home could be purchased for approximately A$35,000–70,000 and vacant land could be purchased for less than A$15,000. In 2010, Onesteel (now Arrium) announced that it would return to Iron Knob to reopen the Iron Monarch mine. The Iron Monarch mine was prepared for reopening by Arrium in 2013. As of 2015, both Iron Monarch and Iron Duke continue to produce iron ore for export and for smelting at the Whyalla steelworks. In the early days of mining at Iron Knob, ironstone was carted by oxen to Hummock Hill (renamed Whyalla in 1914). Approximately 300 tonnes was delivered in a good week. Construction of a private railway greatly increased transportation rates and by 1939, 9,000 tonnes of ore was delivered daily to Whyalla by rail. Later trains carried 2000-tonne loads. Ships operated by the BHP Shipping were similarly named Iron This and Iron That, some of which were built by the company at the Whyalla steelworks. Iron Knob Iron Knob is a town in the Australian state of South Australia on the Eyre Peninsula immediately south of the Eyre Highway. At the 2006 census, Iron Knob and the surrounding area had a population of 199. The town obtained its name from its proximity to large deposits of iron ore, most notably Iron Monarch which outcropped prominently from the relatively flat, surrounding landscape. The name Iron Knob first appeared on"
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"Martin University Hospital The Martin University Hospital (, abbreviated to UNM) is a Slovak public university hospital located in the Martin municipality, in the county of Zilina, north-east of the Slovak capital Bratislava. It is a teaching hospital and it is the main university hospital affiliated with the Jessenius School of Medicine. The hospital has over 1,700 employees. Martin University Hospital has 900 beds in total including all sectors. The current director of the hospital is Dr. Dušan Krkoška, M.D., PhD., MBA. Long known for its curative thermal springs, the region of Turiec () has a history as a destination for people with various illnesses. King Ladislaus IV of Hungary wrote of its healing effects in 1281 as did King Sigismund of Luxembourg in 1423. In 1532 Johannes Barbierus of Mosovce became the first permanent doctor to settle here, and later in 1680 the Jesuits set up a monastic pharmacy at the site. The present hospital, however, was not completed until 1888; after a lengthy process, operations did not commence until 1889. The hospital suffered from chronic lack of skilled doctors and beds were scarce, yet within a few years over 200 patients per year were treated, most with lung and intestinal disorders. In 1892 a cholera epidemic struck the region, this along with recurrent outbreaks of tuberculosis made sure that new wards for patients with infectious diseases were required to be built. During World War I Martin Hospital was converted to an auxiliary army hospital and used for treating wounded soldiers. As the war progressed and the number of patients increased, the hospital undertook rapid expansion to accommodate them. After the war, with increasing population the hospital again needed to expand, and in 1923 a new surgical building was constructed. However as beds were still insufficient, the authorities resorted to buying adjacent private residences to alleviate the shortage. In 1934 the Department of Gynecology was completed. The World War II years again saw the hospital being used as a military reserve hospital, but also the construction of both pediatric and otolaryngology wards, and despite having to dismiss all Czech and Jewish doctors it remained in service throughout the war years. As a result of the war the hospital in Martin had suffered serious damage. The consequences of fighting had taken its toll and buildings were in need of significant structural repair. It had also become necessary to supplement the lack of medical and technical material. Dr. Jàn Longauer became the new manager and things started to improve. A new generation of doctors arrived who contributed to the growth of professional and social prestige. One of those doctors was Dr. Vladimir Galanda who in Turiec developed a high level of medical care for children. Another was the father of modern Czechoslovak cardiac surgery Pavol Steiner, who performed in Martin the first open cardiac surgery in Slovakia. By the 1960s it had become a teaching hospital serving medical students from the Jessenius School of Medicine, also located in Martin, and new departments were added continuously. In 1992 several units were created including a separate Neonatal Unit, a Department of tropical disease, a Department of Gastroenterology, a Department of Parasitology and Department of Clinical Oncology. A year later, the ear-nose-throat clinic changed its name to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology as it was no longer part of the Surgical Clinic Department of Pediatric Surgery and Department of Neurosurgery. The Skin Clinic was renamed the Department of Dermatology and the Women's Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. The Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation Department became the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine in 1996. In early 2002, changes occurred in the teaching of basic medicine. Centers for teaching medical students in pediatric surgery, sports medicine, neonatal, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry became separate clinics. Over the years the hospital has undergone thorough modernization including a new surgical department completed in 2011. In September 2012 the Clinic of Ophthalmology performed Slovakia's first intra-ocular lens implantation, curing two patients with cataracts. In July 2010, the hospital changed its name from Martin Faculty Hospital to its current name, Martin University Hospital. Department of Children and Adolescents Department of Dermatology Department of Internal Medicine I Department of Medicine II Department of Infectology and Travel Medicine Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of Hematology and Transfusion Department of Pneumology and phtiseology Department of Pathology Department of Neurology Martin University Hospital The Martin University Hospital (, abbreviated to UNM) is a Slovak public university hospital located in the Martin municipality, in the county of Zilina, north-east of the Slovak capital Bratislava. It is a teaching hospital and it is the main university hospital affiliated with the Jessenius School of Medicine. The hospital has over 1,700 employees. Martin University Hospital has 900 beds in total including all sectors. The current director of"
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"Phanes (coin issuer) Phanes name is attested on a series of early electrum coins, the most ancient inscribed coin series at present known, of Caria, Asia Minor. This group of coins has a Greek legend reading \"\"Phaneōs eimi sēma\"\" (Φάνεως ειμί σήμα) which can be translated either as \"I am the badge of Phanes\" or as \"I am the sign of light\" or maybe \"I am the tomb of light\" or \"I am the tomb of Phanes\". The celebrated coins of Phanes are known to be amongst the earliest of Greek coins, a hemihekte of the issue was found in the foundation deposit of the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus (this deposit is considered the oldest deposit of electrum coins discovered). No further certain information exists as to the identity of the Phanes named on these coins. One possibility is that Phanes was a wealthy merchant, another that the coins bearing the name are to be associated with Apollo-Phanes and, due to the Deer, with Artemis (twin sister of the god of light Apollo-Phaneos). Although only seven Phanes type coins were discovered, it is also notable that 20% of all early electrum coins also have the Lion (symbol of Artemis-Potnia Theron) and the sun burst (symbol of Apollo-Phaneos). Alternatively it is stated that the inscribed Phanes maybe was the Halicarnassian mercenary of Amasis, mentioned by Herodotus, who escaped to the court of Cambyses, and became his guide in the invasion of Egypt in the year B.C. 527 or 525. According to Herodotus, this Phanes was buried alive by a sandstorm, together with 50000 Persian soldiers, while trying to conquer the temple of Amun–Zeus in Egypt nearby the ancient cities of Abydos, Tahta and Nag Hammadi. The fact that the Greek word \"Phanes\" also means light (or lamp), and the word \"sema\" also means tomb, makes the coins issued in the name of Phanes famous and controversial. Phanes coin originates from Caria, where Meander river flows . Meander is considered one of the most common Greek archetypal symbols, also known as Greek key. The coin is probably among the first coins and certainely the first inscribed one. It was buried in the very foundation of the temple of Ephesus by the priests of the Mother Goddess Potnia Theron. The statement \"I am the tomb of light\" is very important and may be considered as a prophecy of the role of money, a prophecy strongly associated also with the Thirty pieces of silver which were the cause of the death of Jesus, whose death and resurrection may also be associated with the Orphic cult of Phanes. Phanes (coin issuer) Phanes name is attested on a series of early electrum coins, the most ancient inscribed coin series at present known, of Caria, Asia Minor. This group of coins has a Greek legend reading \"\"Phaneōs eimi sēma\"\" (Φάνεως ειμί σήμα) which can be translated either as \"I am the badge of Phanes\" or as \"I am the sign of light\" or maybe \"I am"
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"Danish Writers Guild Danish Writers Guild (, literally: Danish Dramatists) is a trade union for playwrights and screenwriters in theatre, radio, television and film, and for translators of drama and librettists. The Guild was founded 9 March 1906 as \"Danske Dramatikeres Forbund\" (Danish Dramatists' Union) at the initiative of playwright Emma Gad with the aim of serving the dramatists the copyright that had been secured by the Berne Convention from 1886 which Denmark joined in the 1903. Danish Writers Guild is both a member of Nordic Writers Guild, whose main purpose is to support Nordic playwrights' rights and fulfil their general economic interests globally, and of Fédération des Scénaristes d'Europe (Federation of European Screen Writers). The Guild today has more than 300 members. Danish Writers Guild Danish Writers Guild (, literally: Danish Dramatists) is a trade union for playwrights and screenwriters in theatre, radio, television and film, and for translators of drama and librettists. The Guild was founded 9 March 1906 as \"Danske Dramatikeres Forbund\" (Danish Dramatists' Union) at the initiative of playwright Emma Gad with the aim of serving the dramatists the copyright that had been secured by the Berne Convention from 1886 which Denmark joined in the 1903."
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"Detective Comics Detective Comics is an American comic book series published by DC Comics. The first volume, published from 1937 to 2011 (and later continued in 2016), is best known for introducing the superhero Batman in \"Detective Comics\" #27 (cover dated May 1939). A second series of the same title was launched in the fall of 2011 but in 2016 reverted to the original volume numbering. The series is the source of its publishing company's name, and—along with \"Action Comics\", the series that launched with the debut of Superman—one of the medium's signature series. The series published 881 issues between 1937 and 2011 and is the longest continuously published comic book in the United States. \"Detective Comics\" was the final publication of the entrepreneur Major Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson, whose comics company, National Allied Publications, would evolve into DC Comics, one of the world's two largest comic book publishers, though long after its founder had left it. Wheeler-Nicholson's first two titles were the landmark \"New Fun: The Big Comic Magazine\" #1 (cover-dated Feb. 1935), colloquially called \"New Fun Comics\" #1 and the first such early comic book to contain all-original content, rather than a mix of newspaper comic strips and comic-strip-style new material. His second effort, \"New Comics\" #1, would be retitled twice to become \"Adventure Comics\", another seminal series that ran for decades until issue #503 in 1983, and was later revived in 2009. The third and final title published under his aegis would be \"Detective Comics\", advertised with a cover illustration dated December 1936, but eventually premiering three months later, with a March 1937 cover date. Wheeler-Nicholson was in debt to printing-plant owner and magazine distributor Harry Donenfeld, who was as well a pulp-magazine publisher and a principal in the magazine distributorship Independent News. Wheeler-Nicholson took Donenfeld on as a partner in order to publish \"Detective Comics\" #1 through the newly formed Detective Comics, Inc., with Wheeler-Nicholson and Jack S. Liebowitz, Donenfeld's accountant, listed as owners. Wheeler-Nicholson was forced out a year later. Originally an anthology comic, in the manner of the times, \"Detective Comics\" #1 (March 1937) featured stories in the \"hard-boiled detective\" genre, with such stars as Ching Lung (a Fu Manchu-style \"Yellow Peril\" villain); Slam Bradley (created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster before their character \"Superman\" saw print two years later); and Speed Saunders, among others. Its first editor, Vin Sullivan, also drew the debut issue's cover. The Crimson Avenger debuted in issue #20 (October 1938). \"Detective Comics\" #27 (march 1939 with a printed date of may 1939) featured the first appearance of Batman. That superhero would eventually become the star of the title, the cover logo of which is often written as \"Detective Comics featuring Batman\". Because of its significance, issue #27 is widely considered one of the most valuable comic books in existence, with one copy selling for $1,075,000 in a February 2010 auction. Batman's origin is first revealed in a two-page story in issue #33 (Nov. 1939). Batman became the main cover feature of the title beginning with issue #35 (Jan. 1940). Issue #38 (April 1940) introduced Batman's sidekick Robin, billed as \"The Sensational Character Find of 1940\" on the cover and the first of several characters that would make up the \"Batman Family\". Robin's appearance and the subsequent increase in sales of the book soon led to the trend of superheroes and young sidekicks that characterize the era fans and historians call the Golden Age of Comic Books. Several of Batman's best known villains debuted in the pages of \"Detective Comics\" during this era including the Penguin in issue #58, Two-Face in issue #66, and the Riddler in issue #140. Batwoman first appeared in \"Detective Comics\" #233 (July 1956) Since the family formula had proven very successful for the Superman franchise, editor Jack Schiff suggested to Batman co-creator Bob Kane that he create one for the Batman. A female was chosen first, to offset the charges made by Fredric Wertham that Batman and Robin were homosexual. Writer Bill Finger and artist Sheldon Moldoff introduced Bat-Mite in issue #267 (May 1959) and Clayface in #298 (Dec. 1961). In 1964, Julius Schwartz was made responsible for reviving the faded Batman titles. Writer John Broome and artist Carmine Infantino jettisoned the sillier aspects that had crept into the franchise such as Ace the Bathound and Bat-Mite and gave the character a \"New Look\" that premiered in \"Detective Comics\" #327 (May 1964). Schwartz, Gardner Fox, and Infantino introduced, from the William Dozier produced tv series, Barbara Gordon as a new version of Batgirl in a story titled \"The Million Dollar Debut of Batgirl!\" in issue #359 (Jan. 1967). Mike Friedrich wrote the 30th anniversary Batman story in \"Detective Comics\" #387 (May 1969) which was drawn by Bob Brown. Writer Dennis O'Neil and artist Neal Adams had their first collaboration on Batman on the story \"The Secret of the Waiting Graves\" in issue #395 (Jan. 1970). The duo, under the direction of Schwartz, would revitalize the character with a series of noteworthy stories reestablishing Batman's dark, brooding nature and taking the books away from the campy look and feel of the 1966–68 ABC TV series. Comics historian Les Daniels observed that \"O'Neil's interpretation of Batman as a vengeful obsessive-compulsive, which he modestly describes as a return to the roots, was actually an act of creative imagination that has influenced every subsequent version of the Dark Knight.\" Adams introduced Man-Bat with writer Frank Robbins in \"Detective Comics\" #400 (June 1970). O'Neil and artist Bob Brown crafted Batman's first encounter with the League of Assassins in \"Detective Comics\" #405 (Nov. 1970) and created Talia al Ghul in issue #411 (May 1971). After publishing on a monthly schedule throughout its run, \"Detective Comics\" became a bi-monthly book from issues #435 (June–July 1973) to #445 (Feb.-March 1975). Issues #438 (Dec. 1973-Jan. 1974) to #445 (Feb.–March 1975) of the series were in the 100 Page Super Spectacular format. O'Neil and artist Dick Giordano created the Batman supporting character Leslie Thompkins in the story \"There Is No Hope in Crime Alley\" appearing in issue #457 (March 1976). Writer Steve Englehart and artist Marshall Rogers produced an acclaimed run of Batman stories in \"Detective Comics\" #471–476 (Aug. 1977 – April 1978), and provided one of the definitive interpretations that influenced the 1989 \"Batman\" movie and would be adapted for the 1990s . The Englehart and Rogers pairing, was described in 2009 by comics writer and historian Robert Greenberger as \"one of the greatest\" creative teams to work on the Batman character. In their story \"The Laughing Fish\", the Joker is brazen enough to disfigure fish with a rictus grin, then expects to be granted a federal trademark on them, only to start killing bureaucrats who try to explain that obtaining such a claim on a natural resource is legally impossible. Writer Len Wein and Rogers co-created the third version of the supervillain Clayface in \"Detective Comics\" #478 (July–Aug. 1978). From issue #481 (Dec. 1978 – Jan. 1979) through #495 (Oct. 1980), the magazine adopted the expanded Dollar Comics format used by the canceled \"Batman Family\", adding solo features including \"Robin: the Teen Wonder\", \"Batgirl\", the \"Human Target\" and the anthology \"Tales of Gotham City\", which featured stories of the city's ordinary people. Julius Schwartz, who had edited the title for most of its run since 1964, left the series as of issue #484 (June–July 1979) The original Katherine Kane also known as \"Batwoman\" was killed in the lead story in issue #485 (Aug.–Sept. 1979) by the League of Assassins. The title's 500th issue (March 1981) featured stories by several well-known creators including television writer",
"of the supervillain Clayface in \"Detective Comics\" #478 (July–Aug. 1978). From issue #481 (Dec. 1978 – Jan. 1979) through #495 (Oct. 1980), the magazine adopted the expanded Dollar Comics format used by the canceled \"Batman Family\", adding solo features including \"Robin: the Teen Wonder\", \"Batgirl\", the \"Human Target\" and the anthology \"Tales of Gotham City\", which featured stories of the city's ordinary people. Julius Schwartz, who had edited the title for most of its run since 1964, left the series as of issue #484 (June–July 1979) The original Katherine Kane also known as \"Batwoman\" was killed in the lead story in issue #485 (Aug.–Sept. 1979) by the League of Assassins. The title's 500th issue (March 1981) featured stories by several well-known creators including television writer Alan Brennert and Walter B. Gibson best known for his work on the pulp fiction character \"The Shadow\". Also used during the 1980s was the use of serialization of the main Batman story, with stories from \"Detective Comics\" and \"Batman\" directly flowing from one book to another, with cliffhangers at the end of each book's monthly story that would be resolved in the other title of that month. A single writer handled both books during that time beginning with Gerry Conway and followed up by Doug Moench. The supervillain Killer Croc made a shadowy cameo in issue #523 (Feb. 1983). Noted author Harlan Ellison wrote the Batman story in issue #567. Writer Mike W. Barr and artists Alan Davis and Todd McFarlane crafted the \"\" storyline in \"Detective Comics\" #575–578 which followed up on Frank Miller's \"\". Writer Alan Grant and artist Norm Breyfogle introduced the Ventriloquist in their first Batman story together and the Ratcatcher in their third (#585). Sam Hamm, who wrote the screenplay for Tim Burton's \"Batman\", wrote the \"Blind Justice\" story in \"Detective Comics\" issues #598–600. Chuck Dixon became the writer of the series with issue #644 (May 1992). He and Tom Lyle co-created the Electrocutioner in \"Detective Comics\" #644 (May 1992) and Stephanie Brown in \"Detective Comics\" #647 (August 1992). The \"\" storyline began in issue #700 (August 1996). The \"No Man's Land\" storyline crossed over into \"Detective Comics\" in issues #730–741. Writer Greg Rucka and artist Shawn Martinbrough became the creative team as of issue #742 (March 2000) and created the Sasha Bordeaux character in issue #751 (Dec. 2000). Issue #800 (Jan. 2005) was written by Andersen Gabrych and drawn by Pete Woods. Paul Dini became the writer of the series as of issue #821 (Sept. 2006) and created a new version of the Ventriloquist in #827 (March 2007). Scott Snyder became the writer of \"Detective Comics\" with issue #871 (Jan. 2011). In addition to the Batman stories, the title has had numerous back-up strips. The Boy Commandos by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby debuted in \"Detective Comics\" #64 (June 1942) and were then soon spun off into their own title. The character Roy Raymond first appeared in issue #153 (Nov. 1949). The Martian Manhunter was created by writer Joseph Samachson and artist Joe Certa in the back-up story \"The Strange Experiment of Dr. Erdel\" in \"Detective Comics\" #225 (Nov. 1955). After issue #326 (April 1964), the Martian Manhunter was moved to \"House of Mystery\" and in #327 the Elongated Man and his wife, now remodeled after Dashiell Hammett's Nick and Nora Charles, took over. The characters crossed over with Batman three times. The Elongated Man run lasted until #383 (Jan. 1969) and his feature returned sporadically 15 times until #572, which celebrated the 50th anniversary of the title by teaming him up with Batman, Robin, Slam Bradley and Sherlock Holmes against Edgar Moriarty. After the Elongated Man backup feature ended, Batgirl held the role until #424. After moving her to \"Batman Family\", she was returned from #481 to #519. Jason Bard appeared as the backup feature in the odd-numbered issues of \"Detective\" from #425 though #435. Manhunter was resurrected in a story by Archie Goodwin and Walt Simonson in issue #437 (Oct.-Nov. 1973). With the last episode of the series, Manhunter moved to the front of the book in a full-length team-up with Batman. Green Arrow became the backup feature starting with issue #521 (Dec. 1982) and running until #567 (Oct. 1986). Black Canary received a new costume in the back-up story in issue #554 (Sept. 1985). DC Comics Bonus Books were included in issues #589 (August 1988) and #595 (Jan. 1989). After a lengthy absence, the back-up features returned for issues #746–810. These were more closed ended stories featuring new and established characters in the Batman mythos. The first was \"The Jacobian\" in issues #746–757, followed by a one part Batman story in #758. The following issues, #759–762, featured Slam Bradley and was a lead-in to the 2002 Catwoman series. Issues #763–772 feature Josephine \"Josie Mac\" MacDonald, a Gotham police detective. Issues #773–775 are titled \"Tales of Gotham\" and feature Detectives Crispus Allen and Renee Montoya. Batman starred in Spore from issues #776–780. #781 featured a special Elseworlds tale, while #782 featured a Batman solo tale. #783 featured a prelude to the \"Death and the Maidens\" miniseries and #784 featured a Josie Mac tale. The \"Tales of Gotham\" resumed in issues #785–788 with \"The Dogcatcher\", and #789–794 featured \"The Tailor\". \"Polished Stone\", featuring Green Arrow and Onyx ran in issues #795–796. \"Low\" featuring the Riddler and Poison Ivy, ran from #797–799. \"Detective Comics\" #800 featured a short Batman back-up under the \"Tales of Gotham\" banner. A four-issue (#801–805) story featuring the Barker entitled \"When You're Strange\" was next, and \"Mud\" in issue #805. A two-part story (#806–807) featuring Alfred was followed by the last back-up, a three part (#808–810) Killer Croc story. The \"Manhunter\" series that ran as a backup in \"Detective Comics\" from 1973 to 1974 won the Shazam Award for \"Best Individual Short Story (Dramatic)\" in 1974 for the story \"Cathedral Perilous\" in issue #441, written by Archie Goodwin and Walt Simonson. In 2009, as part of planned reorganization of the Batman universe due to the events shown in \"Batman R.I.P.\" and \"Final Crisis\", \"Detective Comics\" went on hiatus for three months while DC Comics published the \"Battle for the Cowl\" miniseries. Upon its return, the series featured the newly reintroduced (in \"52\") Batwoman as the new star of the book, as well as a 10-page back-up feature starring Renee Montoya as the new Question. The series returned Batman to a starring role in early 2010. DC Comics relaunched \"Detective Comics\" with issue #1 in September 2011, as part of The New 52. The series was written and drawn by Tony Daniel until the twelfth issue, with the team of John Layman and Jason Fabok beginning with issue #13. The first issue of the relaunched \"Detective Comics\" has received six printings, second only to the relaunched \"Justice League\" which had seven printings. The series seventh issue was also DC Comic's sixth highest selling digital comic, ranking above many other series in the Batman category. Scott West of Sciencefiction.com gave the series' third arc a positive review, stating that \"After last month’s disappointing ‘Night of the Owls’ tie-in issue, it’s nice to see ‘Detective Comics’ getting back to where it should be… good detective stories.\" The relaunched \"Detective Comics\" received the award for \"Best Series\" at the 2012 Stan Lee Awards. The series' first collected edition would reach the number one spot on \"The New York Times\" Best Seller list in the category of \"Hardcover Graphic Books\". Daniel wrote and penciled the series until the \"Night of the Owls\" crossover, at which point Ed Benes, Julio Ferreira, and Eduardo Pansica began drawing the series for a three issue arc. The price of \"Detective Comics\" was increased due to the addition of a backup feature starring Batman villain Two-Face, which was written by Daniel and illustrated by Syzmon Kudranski, this",
"\"After last month’s disappointing ‘Night of the Owls’ tie-in issue, it’s nice to see ‘Detective Comics’ getting back to where it should be… good detective stories.\" The relaunched \"Detective Comics\" received the award for \"Best Series\" at the 2012 Stan Lee Awards. The series' first collected edition would reach the number one spot on \"The New York Times\" Best Seller list in the category of \"Hardcover Graphic Books\". Daniel wrote and penciled the series until the \"Night of the Owls\" crossover, at which point Ed Benes, Julio Ferreira, and Eduardo Pansica began drawing the series for a three issue arc. The price of \"Detective Comics\" was increased due to the addition of a backup feature starring Batman villain Two-Face, which was written by Daniel and illustrated by Syzmon Kudranski, this followed a similar backup featuring Hugo Strange. Daniel left the series with issue #12 being his last as writer and the \"0\" issue his last as penciller. DC celebrated the first anniversary of The New 52 in September 2012 by publishing a number \"0\" of each original New 52 title which act as prequels to the series and reveal previously unexplained plot elements. Gregg Hurwitz wrote the \"0\" issue. Hurwitz was approached by Daniel to write the \"0\" issue due to Daniel's busy schedule. To follow up on the \"Night of the Owls\" elements in \"Detective Comics\", Daniel wrote \"Detective Comics Annual\" #1 which was pencilled by Romano Molenaar and inked by Sandu Florea. Following Daniel's tenure on the series, John Layman became the new writer and Jason Fabok the new artist with James Tynion IV writing the backup features and Syzmon Kudranski remaining as artist for Tynion's first feature. With issue #19 of \"Detective Comics\" vol. 2, released on April 3, 2013, the series reached 900 issues as combined with the first volume of the series, and was a special oversized celebratory issue. Under Layman, the series featured its first crossover, \"Gothtopia\" after which Layman and Fabok moved to the \"Batman Eternal\" series and \"Detective Comics\" was taken over by Brain Buccalleto and Francis Manapul. In commemoration of the second anniversary of the New 52, DC Comics announced \"Villains Month\" with \"Detective Comics\" getting four issues. The issues star Poison Ivy, Harley Quinn, Scarecrow, and Man-Bat, and respectively being numbered #23.1, #23.2, #23.3, and #23.4, by an ensemble of writers and artists. For the 75th anniversary of Batman, issue #27 was a larger-sized issue featuring new stories by Brad Meltzer and Bryan Hitch, Scott Snyder and Sean Murphy, Peter Tomasi and Ian Bertram, John Layman and Jason Fabok, Gregg Hurwitz and Neal Adams, Mike W. Barr and Guillem March, and one written and drawn by Francesco Francavilla. In addition, variant covers to the issue were by Greg Capullo, Frank Miller, Chris Burnham, Jim Lee, Jason Fabok, and Tony Daniel. Single page artwork included work by Kelley Jones, Mike Allred, Patrick Gleason, and Jock. In February 2016, DC Comics announced that as part of the company's continuity relaunch called DC Rebirth, \"Detective Comics\" would resume its original numbering system with June 2016's #934. Before the New 52, \"Detective Comics\" volume 1 had 881 issues, and the New 52's 52 issues, which ran from 2011 until 2016, were then added back into volume one, making Detective Comics #934 the premier issue following the events of 2016's DC Rebirth. Writer James Tynion IV and artists Eddy Barrows and Alvaro Martinez are the creative team on the series which is published twice-monthly. The series features a team initially consisting of Tim Drake, Stephanie Brown, Cassandra Cain and Clayface, led by Batman and Batwoman, with Batwing (Luke Fox) and Azrael (Jean-Paul Valley) later recruited following Tim's apparent death and Stephanie leaving the team. The \"Detective Comics\" series has been collected into a number of trade paperbacks: All DC Archive Editions are hardback only and printed on high quality archival paper. \"The Batman Chronicles\" series plans to reprint every Batman adventure in color, in chronological order, in affordable trade paperbacks. It is not to be confused with the now finished series of the same name. All \"Showcase Presents\" collections are large (over 500 pages), softcover, black and white only reprints. Starting in 2014, DC began releasing character retrospective anthologies, several of which feature issues of \"Detective Comics\" These books reprint issues by particular creators and contain many issues of \"Detective Comics\", as well as other Batman titles. Many of these other editions are anthologies containing comics from titles other than Detective Comics. Titles here are presented as close to chronologically as possible. In 2000 and 2001, DC reprinted several of its most notable issues in the \"Millennium Edition\" series. Seven issues of \"Detective Comics\" were reprinted in this format. Detective Comics Detective Comics is an American comic book series published by DC Comics. The first volume, published from 1937 to 2011 (and later continued in 2016), is best known for introducing the superhero Batman in \"Detective Comics\" #27 (cover dated May 1939). A second series of the same title was launched in the fall of 2011 but in 2016 reverted to the original volume numbering. The series is the source of its publishing company's name, and—along with \"Action Comics\", the series that launched with the debut of Superman—one of the medium's signature series. The series published 881"
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"Fifteenth of September Legion The Fifteenth of September Legion (\"\") was founded by former junior officers of the defeated Nicaraguan National Guard to overthrow the Sandinista National Liberation Front government. Based in Guatemala City, it received some support from Guatemala's National Liberation Movement. Eduardo Román, manager of boxer Alexis Argüello, also convinced Argüello to fund a radio station, Radio 15th of September. The Legion also staged kidnappings and bank robberies, called \"special operations\", in Guatemala and El Salvador. Local leftist guerrillas were already financing themselves through these acts, and the Legion rightly figured that leftists would be blamed. Argentina also began providing assistance. In August 1981, at the behest of the Argentine junta and the Reagan administration, it merged with the Nicaraguan Democratic Union (UDN) to form the Nicaraguan Democratic Force (FDN). The FDN would grow into the dominant Contra rebels. Legion head Enrique Bermúdez, became the military commander of the FDN. Fifteenth of September Legion The Fifteenth of September Legion (\"\") was founded by former junior officers of the defeated Nicaraguan National Guard to overthrow the Sandinista National Liberation Front government. Based in Guatemala City, it received some support from Guatemala's National Liberation Movement. Eduardo Román, manager of boxer"
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"Sociable lapwing The sociable lapwing or sociable plover (\"Vanellus gregarius\") is a critically endangered wader in the lapwing family of birds. The genus name is Medieval Latin for a lapwing and derives from \"vannus\" a winnowing fan. The specific \"gregarius\" is Latin for \"sociable\" from \"grex, gregis\", \"flock\". This medium-sized lapwing has longish black legs and a short black bill. Summer adults have grey backs and breast, dark belly and white undertail. The head has a striking pattern, with a black crown and eyestripe, the latter being bordered above and below with white. The upper neck is ochre. Its longish black legs, white tail with a black terminal band and distinctive brown, white and grey wings make it almost unmistakable in flight. Length is . The call is a harsh \"kereck\". Winter adults have a less distinct head pattern, slightly browner back and breast, and white belly. Young birds have a scaly back and only traces of the head pattern. This species breeds on open grassland in Russia and Kazakhstan. Three to four eggs are laid in a ground nest. These birds migrate south through Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Armenia, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Turkey, to key wintering sites in Israel, Syria, Eritrea, Sudan and north-west India. Birds winter occasionally in Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Oman. It is a very rare vagrant in western and northern Europe, where this gregarious bird is usually found with northern lapwings. It feeds in a similar way, picking insects and other small prey mainly from grassland or arable land. In 2004, BirdLife International categorised this bird as critically endangered, due to a very rapid population decline for poorly understood reasons. The main decline took place between 1960 and 1987, when the known population halved; it is some 20–25% of the 1930s population levels. The current population was estimated to be between 600 and 1,800 mature birds in 2006, but is being revised to the upward end of that scale, possibly more, following the discovery of the species' previously unknown main wintering grounds in Syria, where 1500 birds of all ages were encountered. Additionally, in October 2007, a superflock of approximately 3,200 sociable lapwings were discovered in Turkey, according to Guven Eken, director of the Turkish Nature Association. The current IUCN classification is CR A3bc—meaning that the population is expected to decline in the next decade or so by 80%, but based on theoretical considerations and the known habitat destruction rather than direct observation of the birds. Thus, the new discoveries might mean that as more data becomes available, the species could be downlisted to Endangered. Sociable lapwing The sociable lapwing or sociable plover (\"Vanellus gregarius\") is a critically endangered wader in the lapwing family of birds. The genus name is Medieval Latin for a lapwing and derives from \"vannus\" a winnowing fan. The specific \"gregarius\" is Latin for \"sociable\" from \"grex, gregis\", \"flock\". This medium-sized lapwing has longish black legs and a short black bill. Summer adults have grey backs and"
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"Ban Noen, Bangkok Ban Noen (; lit: \"slope county\") is a historic neighbourhood and road junction in Siri Rat and Ban Chang Lo subdistricts, Bangkok Noi district, Thonburi side, Bangkok. It's the three-way of Itsaraphap, Rot Fai and Sutthawat roads, and it's also the end of the Itsaraphap road. The name \"Ban Noen\" originated \"Ban Noen-Khai Luang\" (บ้านเนิน-ค่ายหลวง), dating to the Thonburi period (1767–82), people in this area here have career make \"Khong wong\" (ฆ้องวง), a Thai musical instruments that are made from metal by casting and forgings method. \"Khong wong\" from Ban Noen are well known that good quality and reverberate. In addition, not far from here is also the location of another community is \"Ban Bu\" (บ้านบุ), a community with a bronze work casting career. It's located on south bank of Khlong Bangkok Noi (Bangkok Noi canal) and during World War II, it's the only community of Thonburi side adjacent to the Imperial Japanese Army base. It was often bombed by Allied planes at night. The people who living near Ban Noen in the past, they have a career in \"Khao maomai\" (ข้าวเม่าหมี่) (old fashioned pounded unripe rice snack), a kind of traditional Thai snack since ancient times. At present, they have a career of \"Kalamae\" (กะละแม; Thai version of \"dodol\") and \"Khaoniao daeng\" (ข้าวเหนียวแดง; whole grain sticky rice cooked with sugar in various ways), which the main food used in Songkran festival. Ban Noen, Bangkok Ban Noen (; lit: \"slope county\") is a historic neighbourhood and road junction in Siri Rat and Ban Chang Lo subdistricts, Bangkok Noi district, Thonburi side, Bangkok. It's the three-way of Itsaraphap, Rot Fai and Sutthawat roads, and it's also the end of the Itsaraphap road. The name \"Ban Noen\" originated \"Ban Noen-Khai Luang\" (บ้านเนิน-ค่ายหลวง), dating to the Thonburi period (1767–82), people"
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"Frank Borzage Frank Borzage (; April 23, 1894 – June 19, 1962) was an American film director and actor, most remembered for directing \"7th Heaven\" (1927), \"Street Angel\" (1928), \"Man's Castle\" (1933), and \"The Mortal Storm\" (1940). Frank Borzage's father, Luigi Borzaga, was born in Ronzone (then Austrian Empire, now Italy) in 1859. As a stonemason, he sometimes worked in Switzerland; he met his future wife, Maria Ruegg (1860, , Switzerland1947, Los Angeles), where she worked in a silk factory. Borzaga emigrated to Hazleton, Pennsylvania in the early 1880s where he worked as a coal miner. He brought his fiancée to the United States and they married in Hazleton in 1883. Their first child, Henry, was born in 1885. The Borzaga family moved to Salt Lake City, Utah, where Frank Borzage was born in 1894, and the family remained there until 1919. The couple had fourteen children, eight of whom survived childhood: Henry (1885–1971), Mary Emma (1886–1906), Bill (1892–1973), Frank, Daniel (1896–1975, a performer and member of the John Ford Stock Company), Lew (1898–1974), Dolly (1901–2002) and Sue (1905–1998). Luigi Borzaga died in Los Angeles in a car accident in 1934; his wife Maria (Frank's mother) died of cancer in 1947. In 1912, Frank Borzage found employment as an actor in Hollywood; he continued to work as an actor until 1917. His directorial debut came in 1915 with the film, \"The Pitch o' Chance\". On June 7, 1916, Borzage married vaudeville and film actress Lorena \"Rena\" Rogers in Los Angeles and remained married until 1941. In 1945, he married Edna Stillwell Skelton, the ex-wife of comedian Red Skelton; they were divorced in 1949. Borzage died of cancer in 1962, aged 68, and was interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California. For his contributions to the film industry, Borzage received a motion pictures star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960. The star is located at 6300 Hollywood Boulevard. Borzage was a successful director throughout the 1920s but reached his peak in the late silent and early sound era. Absorbing visual influences from the German director F.W. Murnau, who was also resident at Fox at this time, he developed his own style of lushly visual romanticism in a hugely successful series of films starring Janet Gaynor and Charles Farrell, including \"7th Heaven\" (1927), for which he won the first Academy Award for Best Director, \"Street Angel\" (1928) and \"Lucky Star\" (1929). He won a second Oscar for 1931's \"Bad Girl\". He directed 14 films between 1917 and 1919 alone, his greatest success in the silent era was with \"Humoresque\", a box office winner starring Vera Gordon. Borzage's trademark was intense identification with the feelings of young lovers in the face of adversity, with love in his films triumphing over such trials as World War I (\"7th Heaven\" and \"A Farewell to Arms\"), disability (\"Lucky Star\"), the Depression (\"Man's Castle\"), a thinly disguised version of the Titanic disaster in \"History Is Made at Night\", and the rise of Nazism, a theme which Borzage had virtually to himself among Hollywood filmmakers from \"Little Man, What Now?\" (1933) to \"Three Comrades\" (1938) and \"The Mortal Storm\" (1940). His work took a turn to religiosity in such films as \"Green Light\" (1937), \"Strange Cargo\" (1940) and \"The Big Fisherman\" (1959). Of his later work only the film noir \"Moonrise\" (1948) has enjoyed much critical acclaim. After 1948, his output was sporadic. He was the original director of \"Journey Beneath the Desert\" (1961), but was too sick to continue, and Edgar G. Ulmer took over. Borzage was uncredited for the sequences he did direct. In 1955 and 1957, Borzage was awarded The George Eastman Award, given by George Eastman House for distinguished contribution to the art of film. Frank Borzage Frank Borzage (; April 23, 1894 – June 19, 1962) was an American film director and actor, most remembered for directing \"7th Heaven\" (1927), \"Street Angel\" (1928), \"Man's Castle\" (1933), and \"The Mortal Storm\" (1940). Frank Borzage's father, Luigi Borzaga, was born in Ronzone (then Austrian Empire, now Italy) in 1859. As a stonemason, he sometimes worked in Switzerland; he met his future wife, Maria Ruegg (1860, , Switzerland1947, Los Angeles),"
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"Cañon City, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area The Cañon City Micropolitan Statistical Area is a United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defined Micropolitan Statistical Area located in the Cañon City area of the State of Colorado. The Cañon City Micropolitan Statistical Area is defined as Fremont County, Colorado. The Micropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 46,145 at the 2000 Census. A July 1, 2009 U.S. Census Bureau estimate placed the population at 47,815. The Cañon City Micropolitan Statistical Area includes the City of Cañon City, the City of Florence, the Town of Brookside, the Town of Coal Creek, the Town of Rockvale, the Town of Williamsburg, and the unincorporated areas of Fremont County. Cañon City, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area The Cañon City Micropolitan Statistical Area is a United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defined Micropolitan Statistical Area located in the Cañon City area of the State of Colorado. The Cañon City Micropolitan Statistical Area is defined as Fremont County, Colorado. The Micropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 46,145 at the 2000 Census. A July 1, 2009 U.S. Census Bureau estimate placed the population at 47,815. The Cañon City Micropolitan Statistical Area includes the City of"
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"2006 Korean League Cup Korean League Cup 2006, known as Samsung Hauzen Cup 2006 due to the competition's sponsorship. Samsung Hauzen Cup is a filler competition created to allow domestic football during times of increased national team activity. The 2006 edition is being played during summer, allowing the top K-League players to focus on the World Cup finals in Germany. World Cup players will be back after completion of Round 8. This competition is not to be confused with the domestic championship, the K-League. League format. Thirteen rounds with all the teams playing each other once. The team with the biggest amount of points at the end of the competition is declared the winner (three points are awarded for a win and one point is awarded for a draw). Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5 Round 6 Round 7 Round 8 Catch-up Round Round 9 Round 10 Round 11 Round 12 Round 13 2006 Korean League Cup Korean League Cup 2006, known as Samsung Hauzen Cup 2006 due to the competition's sponsorship. Samsung Hauzen Cup is a filler competition created to allow domestic football during times of increased national team activity. The 2006 edition is being"
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"States marked' TC' are widely considered technologically capable of wielding, operating or developing nuclear weapons, however are signatories of the NPT and are not known to possess any at the current moment. Japan, South Korea and Poland are generally considered de facto nuclear states due to their believed ability to wield nuclear weapons within 1 to 3 years. \n | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. (February 2016) \n---|---\n This is a list of countries by level of military equipment, including naval ships, fighter aircraft and nuclear weapons. This list is indicative only, as strict comparisons can not accurately be made. \n Country | Military budget (US$BN) | Main battle tanks | Aircraft carriers | AWS | Cruisers | Destroyers | Frigates | Corvettes | Nuclear submarines | Non-nuclear Submarines | Military aircraft | Attack helicopters | Nuclear weapons | Military satellites \n---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|--- \nTotal | 1,778.5 | 104,476 | 23 | 77 | 29 | 215 | 363 | 260 | 148 | 363 | 20,089 | 9,641 | 15,913 | 320 \nAfghanistan | 3.29 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 0 | 0 \nAlbania | 0.163 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nAlgeria | 12.0 | 1,195 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 120 | 77 | 0 | \nAngola | 6.83 l | 300 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 70 | 0 | 0 \nAntigua and Barbuda | 0.027 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nArgentina | 4.26 | 213 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 6 | | 0 | | 123 | 44 | 0 | 0 \nArmenia | 0.47 | 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 17 | 0 | 0 \nAustralia | 22.5 | 59 | | | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 146 | 39 | 0 | \nAustria | 3.32 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 24 | 0 | 0 \nAzerbaijan | 2.11 | 433 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 44 | 50 | 0 | 0 \nBahamas | 0.087 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nBahrain | 1.33 | 180 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | 0 | 0 | 39 | 30 | 0 | 0 \nBangladesh | | 534 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | | 0 | | 166 | 70 | 0 | 0 \nBarbados | 0.033 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nBelarus | 0.681 | 515 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 49 | 0 | 0 \nBelgium | 5.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 88 | 8 | NATO shared | 0 \nBelize | 0.018 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nBenin | 0.086 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nBolivia | 0.405 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 38 | 7 | 0 | 0 \nBosnia and Herzegovina | 0.227 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 \nBotswana | 0.346 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 7 | 0 | 0 \nBrazil | 31.9 | 393 | | | 0 | | 11 | | 0 | 5 | 292 | 78 | TC | 0 \nBrunei | 0.573 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nBulgaria | 0.736 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42 | 15 | 0 | 0 \nBurkina Faso | 0.164 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | | 0 | 0 \nBurundi | 0.061 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | 0 | 0 \nCambodia | 0.446 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 14 | 0 | 0 \nCameroon | 0.41 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 8 | 0 | 0 \nCanada | 15.9 | 120 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 12 | 0 | 0 | | 95 | 115 | 0 | \nCape Verde | 0.012 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nCentral African Republic | N/A | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nChad | 0.209 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 14 | 0 | 0 \nChile | 3.88 | 245 | 0 | | 0 | | 7 | 0 | 0 | | 96 | 25 | 0 | \nPeople's Republic of China | 216.4 | 9,151 | | | 0 | 29 | 49 | 34 | 14 | 60 | 3,720 | 579 | 260 | 68 \nColombia | 13.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | 0 | | 86 | 49 | 0 | 0 \nCosta Rica | 0.42 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 \nCroatia | 0.774 | 75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 11 | 0 | 0 \nCuba | N/A | 900 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | 17 | 0 | 0 \nCyprus | 0.432 | 482 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 \nCzech Republic | 2.09 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | 32 | 0 | 0 \nIvory Coast | 0.812 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 \nDemocratic Republic of the Congo | 0.456 | 149 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 9 | 0 | 0 \nDenmark | 4.81 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | 15 | 0 | 0 \nDjibouti | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 \nDominican Republic | 0.397 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nEcuador | 1.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 6 | 0 | | 42 | 34 | 0 | 0 \nEgypt | 5.45 | 2,540 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | | 0 | | 569 | 132 | 0 | 0 \nEl Salvador | 0.15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 16 | 0 | 0 \nEquatorial Guinea | 0.008 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 6 | 0 | 0 \nEritrea | 0.078 | 270 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 8 | 0 | 0 \nEstonia | 0.52 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nEthiopia | 0.375 | 446 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 25 | 0 | 0 \nFiji | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nFinland | 3.72 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 107 | 12 | 0 | 0 \nFrance | 53.1 | 200 | | | 0 | 11 | 11 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 395 | 293 | 300 | 8 \nGabon | 0.183 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | | 0 | 0 \nGambia | 0.005 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nGeorgia | 0.393 | 123 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 6 | 0 | 0 \nGermany | 43.9 | 410 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 245 | 43 | NATO shared | 7 \nGhana | 0.277 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 6 | 0 | 0 \nGreece | 5.64 | 1,354 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | | 0 | 8 | 244 | 48 | 0 | 0 \nGuatemala | 0.264 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | | 0 | 0 \nGuinea | 0.04 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 \nGuinea-Bissau | 0.026 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 \nGuyana | 0.037 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 \nHaiti | N/A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0",
"Ghana | 0.277 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 6 | 0 | 0 \nGreece | 5.64 | 1,354 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | | 0 | 8 | 244 | 48 | 0 | 0 \nGuatemala | 0.264 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | | 0 | 0 \nGuinea | 0.04 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 \nGuinea-Bissau | 0.026 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 \nGuyana | 0.037 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 \nHaiti | N/A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nHonduras | 0.216 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 7 | 0 | 0 \nHungary | 1.0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 18 | 0 | 0 \nIceland | 0.039 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nIndia | 53.2 | 6,464 | | | 0 | 11 | 14 | 26 | | 14 | 2,086 | 809 | 110 | 7 \nIndonesia | 7.09 | 378 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 18 | 0 | | 97 | 45 | 0 | 0 \nIran | 14.8 | 1,663 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 21 | 337 | 62 | 0 | 0 \nIraq | 18.9 | 270 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 17 | 0 | 0 \nIreland | 1.22 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 6 | 0 | 0 \nIsrael | 20.1 | 1,560 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | | 440 | 84 | 80 | 8 \nItaly | 24.3 | 160 | | | 0 | | 10 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 258 | 211 | NATO shared | 6 \nJamaica | 0.12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 \nJapan | 47.7 | 688 | 0 | | 0 | 34 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 777 | 207 | TC | \nJordan | 2.5 | 1,323 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 134 | 126 | 0 | 0 \nKazakhstan | 2.03 | 300 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 60 | 0 | 0 \nKenya | 1.04 | 78 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 38 | 37 | 0 | 0 \nDemocratic People's Republic of Korea | N/A | 3,500 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 72 | 563 | 100 | 8 | 0 \nRepublic of Korea | 34.4 | 2,514 | 0 | | 0 | 12 | 14 | 36 | 0 | 23 | 587 | 273 | TC | 0 \nKuwait | 4.84 | 293 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66 | 29 | 0 | 0 \nKyrgyzstan | 0.095 | 150 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 | | 0 | 0 \nLaos | 0.024 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 \nLatvia | 0.21 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 \nLebanon | | 324 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 \nLesotho | 0.054 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 \nLiberia | 0.024 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nLibya | 4.66 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | | 8 | | 0 | 0 \nLithuania | 0.436 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nLuxembourg | 0.255 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nMacedonia | 0.131 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 \nMadagascar | 0.074 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 \nMalawi | 0.042 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 \nMalaysia | 5.03 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | | 0 | | 67 | 32 | 0 | 0 \nMali | 0.365 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | 0 | 0 \nMalta | 0.061 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 \nMauritania | 0.149 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | 0 | 0 \nMauritius | 0.084 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 \nMexico | 6.55 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 81 | 65 | TC | \nMoldova | 0.025 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 \nMongolia | 0.108 | 420 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nMontenegro | 0.08 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 \nMorocco | 3.86 | 434 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 5 | | 0 | 0 | 92 | 33 | 0 | 0 \nMozambique | 0.035 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 \nMyanmar | 2.43 | 185 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | 0 | 0 | 155 | 27 | TC | 0 \nNamibia | 0.41 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 7 | 0 | 0 \nNepal | 0.312 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 \nNetherlands | 10.7 | 16 | 0 | | 0 | | | 0 | 0 | | 74 | 48 | NATO shared | 0 \nNew Zealand | 3.19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 0 \nNicaragua | 0.083 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 \nNiger | 0.072 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 5 | 0 | 0 \nNigeria | 2.25 | 276 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | 0 | 0 | 53 | 16 | 0 | 0 \nNorway | 6.98 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 63 | 26 | 0 | 0 \nOman | 9.62 | 117 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 44 | 15 | 0 | 0 \nPakistan | 8.31 | 3,010 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 10 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 923 | 394 | 120 | 0 \nPanama | 0.717 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 \nPapua New Guinea | 0.099 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nParaguay | 0.313 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nPeru | 2.59 | 165 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 78 | 264 | 0 | 0 \nPhilippines | 2.09 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 27 | 0 | 0 \nPoland | 10.4 | 926 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | 0 | 5 | 113 | 106 | TC | 0 \nPortugal | 2.63 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | | 42 | 18 | 0 | 0 \nQatar | 4.35 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 34 | 0 | 0 \nRepublic of the Congo | 0.72 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 \nRomania | 2.88 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 94 | 22 | 0 \nRussia | 70.0 | 15,398 | | 0 | 6 | 18 | 13 | 48 | 45 | 22 | 3,547 | 1,438 | 7,700 | 74 \nRwanda | 0.081 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 \nSaudi Arabia | 80.8 | 600 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | 0 | 0 | 313 | 85 | TC | 0 \nSenegal | 0.254 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | 0 | 0 \nSerbia | 0.711 | 212 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 53 | 0 | 0 \nSeychelles | 0.013 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nSierra Leone | 0.015 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nSingapore | 10.0 | 96 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 126 | 25 | 0 | 0 \nSlovakia | 1.06 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 29 | 0 | 0 \nSlovenia | 0.455 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 \nSomalia | N/A | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0",
"Serbia | 0.711 | 212 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 53 | 0 | 0 \nSeychelles | 0.013 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nSierra Leone | 0.015 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nSingapore | 10.0 | 96 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 126 | 25 | 0 | 0 \nSlovakia | 1.06 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 29 | 0 | 0 \nSlovenia | 0.455 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 \nSomalia | N/A | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nSouth Africa | 4.01 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | | 50 | 15 | 0 | 0 \nSouth Sudan | 1.04 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 \nSpain | 15.1 | 343 | | | 0 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 0 | | 166 | 81 | 0 | \nSri Lanka | 1.79 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 29 | 0 | 0 \nSudan | 1.89 | 465 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 63 | 45 | 0 | 0 \nSuriname | 0.041 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 0 \nSweden | 7.05 | 132 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 5 | 134 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nSwitzerland | 5.26 | 134 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 86 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nSyria | N/A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 277 | 91 | 0 | 0 \nRepublic of China | 10.1 | 566 | 0 | | 0 | | 22 | 0 | 0 | | 485 | 154 | 0 | \nTajikistan | 0.186 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 \nTanzania | 0.396 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | | 0 | 0 \nThailand | 5.69 | 288 | | | 0 | 0 | 10 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 143 | 47 | 0 | 0 \nTimor-Leste | 0.072 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \nTogo | 0.089 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | | 0 | 0 \nTrinidad and Tobago | 0.436 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 \nTunisia | 0.911 | 84 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 18 | 0 | 0 \nTurkey | 10.0 | 2,504 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 6 | 0 | 14 | 335 | 339 | NATO shared | \nTurkmenistan | 0.612 | 680 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 94 | 10 | 0 | 0 \nUganda | 0.405 | 239 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 6 | 0 | 0 \nUkraine | 3.59 | 700 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | 0 | 0 | 203 | 137 | 0 | 0 \nUnited Arab Emirates | 13.9 | 471 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 175 | 89 | 0 | \nUnited Kingdom | 61.8 | 227 | | 6 | 0 | 6 | 13 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 278 | 285 | 225 | 7 \nUnited States | 615.5 | 8,850 | 10 | 33 | 22 | 62 | 6 | 0 | 72 | 0 | 3,680 | 1,830 | 7,100 | 123 \nUruguay | 0.427 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 8 | 0 | 0 \nUzbekistan | 1.59 | 340 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 135 | 29 | 0 | 0 \nVenezuela | 4.65 | 173 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | | 98 | 293 | 0 | 0 \nVietnam | 6.2 | 1,800 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 6 | 0 | 6 | 97 | 47 | 0 | 0 \nYemen | 1.89 | 880 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 19 | 0 | 0 \nZambia | 0.422 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 5 | 0 | 0 \nZimbabwe | 0.389 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | 16 | 0 | 0"
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"Richard J. Shaw Richard J. Shaw, AIA, (d.1958) was an American architect active in mid-twentieth-century Boston, Massachusetts and partner in the architectural firm of O’Connell and Shaw and founding principal in the eponymous architectural firm that specialized in ecclesiastical design. Shaw graduated from the Harvard School of Design in 1912. In 1921, Shaw entered into a partnership with Timothy G. O'Connell to form the firm of O’Connell and Shaw, which was located in Boston, Massachusetts, and lasted for six years. Thereafter, Mr. O'Connell and Mr. Shaw continued to practice under their own names. Shaw was a four-time recipient of the Harleston Parker Medal for outstanding architectural work in the greater Boston community. Perhaps his most famous design is that of the Hatch Memorial Shell in Boston. Richard J. Shaw Richard J. Shaw, AIA, (d.1958) was an American architect active in mid-twentieth-century Boston, Massachusetts and partner in the architectural firm of O’Connell and Shaw and founding principal in the eponymous architectural firm that specialized in ecclesiastical design. Shaw graduated from the Harvard School of Design in 1912. In 1921, Shaw entered into a partnership with Timothy G. O'Connell to form the firm of O’Connell and Shaw, which was located in Boston,"
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"Lulu Mall, Thiruvananthapuram LuLu Mall is a shopping mall under construction in Thiruvananthapuram in the state of Kerala, India. The mall is owned and managed by LuLu Group International and is developed by Sobha Limited. Upon completion, it would be one of the largest malls in the country with the complex occupying a land area of with a total built up area of including the mall, convention center and hotel. The Mall is designed by the London based architectural firm, Design International. The LuLu Group initially planned a smaller mall in Pattom, which is another locality in the city with an investment of in 2013. Later they bought the property in Aakkulam and changed the project to a project. The construction of the mall was started in August 2016 and is expected to finish in 2019. The shopping mall is located along the side of National Highway 66 at Aakkulam. The mall will have a parking space for up to 3,000 cars with traffic management systems like ANPR. The mall will also have a food court with a capacity for 3,500 people, which will be the largest in the country, and a 12 screen multiplex. Lulu Mall, Thiruvananthapuram LuLu Mall"
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"West Pelzer, South Carolina West Pelzer is a town in Anderson County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 880 at the 2010 census. West Pelzer is located in northeast Anderson County at (34.646276, -82.474906). It is bordered to the east by the town of Pelzer, along the Saluda River. Williamston is to the south. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 879 people, 395 households, and 250 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,796.4 people per square mile (692.6/km²). There were 440 housing units at an average density of 899.2 per square mile (346.7/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 95.11% White, 3.75% African American, 0.23% Asian, and 0.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.80% of the population. There were 395 households out of which 28.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.8% were married couples living together, 17.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.5% were non-families. 33.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.77. In the town, the population was spread out with 23.3% under the age of 18, 11.4% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.2 males. The median income for a household in the town was $28,375, and the median income for a family was $34,702. Males had a median income of $30,500 versus $23,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,781. About 15.3% of families and 18.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.7% of those under age 18 and 12.6% of those age 65 or over. West Pelzer, South Carolina West Pelzer is a town in Anderson County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 880 at the 2010 census. West Pelzer is located in northeast Anderson County at (34.646276, -82.474906). It is bordered to the east by the town"
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"Julie Segre Julie Angela Segre is the Chief and Senior Investigator of the Translational and Functional Genomics Branch in the National Human Genome Research Institute at the National Institutes of Health. Segre received her B.A. summa cum laude in mathematics from Amherst College in 1987, where she now serves on the board of trustees. She received her Ph.D. in 1996 from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Segre then performed postdoctoral training in Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology at the University of Chicago (1996-2000). Segre came to the National Human Genome Research Institute of NIH in 2000 and was promoted to a senior investigator with tenure in 2007. Segre's laboratory studies how the epidermis interfaces between the body and the environment. Using genomic methodologies, Segre studies the bacteria and microbes of the skin microbiome. Segre's laboratory also develops genomic tools to track hospital-acquired infections of multi-drug resistant organisms, including the NIH's recent Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak. Julie Segre Julie Angela Segre is the Chief and Senior Investigator of the Translational and Functional Genomics Branch in the National Human Genome Research Institute at the National Institutes of Health. Segre received her B.A. summa cum laude in mathematics from Amherst College in 1987, where"
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"Alexa Vega Alexa PenaVega ( Vega; August 27, 1988) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her role as Carmen Cortez in the \"Spy Kids\" film series and Shilo Wallace in the film \"Repo! The Genetic Opera\" (2008). In 2009, she starred as the title character Ruby Gallagher in the ABC Family series \"Ruby & The Rockits\". Vega was born in Miami, Florida. She spent the first four years of her life on a ranch in Ocala, Florida. Her father is Colombian and her mother, Gina Rue, is an American former model. Vega has six siblings, including actress Makenzie Vega. She moved with her family to California when she was four years old. As a teenager, she was homeschooled. In 1996, Vega starred as young Jo Harding in \"Twister\". She guest-starred in numerous television shows and films, including \"ER\", \"Follow the Stars Home\", \"Ghost Whisperer\", and \"The Bernie Mac Show\". She became known worldwide in 2001 for her role as \"Carmen Cortez\" in \"Spy Kids\". The first \"Spy Kids\" film was a huge success, and subsequently two sequels, \"\" and \"\" were filmed. During the shooting of the three films, she performed most of her own stunts. In 2011, Vega appeared in the sequel, \"\" as a grown Carmen Cortez. In 2003, she was named one of that year's hottest teen celebrities in the July 2003 issue \"Vanity Fair\". In 2004, Vega finished filming two films: \"Sleepover\" and \"State's Evidence\". Then the following year she starred in the Lifetime television film entitled \"Odd Girl Out\" as a victim of cyber-bullying. She also filmed for another made-for-TV movie, \"Walkout\". In June 2006, she finished filming \"Remember the Daze\", which was released in limited theaters on April 2007. She also finished filming \"Repo! The Genetic Opera\", which was released in 2008. Vega was confirmed as the lead role in \"Helix\", written and directed by Aram Rappaport, which began filming in Chicago in March 2008. Vega was originally cast in the 2009 Robert Rodriguez film \"Shorts\", however, due to her being in Australia for the filming of \"Broken Hill\", she had to be recast. She was replaced by Kat Dennings. She appeared on Broadway in \"Hairspray\", as Penny. In 2009, she played Ruby Gallagher on the ABC Family television sitcom \"Ruby & the Rockits\", which also starred Patrick and David Cassidy. Vega played Wick in the 2012 film \"The Devil's Carnival\", a film from director Darren Lynn Bousman and screenwriter Terrance Zdunich, who previously worked with Vega in \"Repo! The Genetic Opera\". Throughout 2012, Vega starred in the independent thriller, \"2br/1ba\", directed by Rob Margolies and co-stars with Spencer Grammer and Kathryn Morris. Vega also starred in the Lifetime Channel movie \"The Pregnancy Project\" and her animated film \"The Clockwork Girl\" was completed. Vega's film \"The Mine\" which was filmed in 2010 got a limited release/screening. Vega also voiced Christina in the animated series \"Unsupervised\" and had a guest role on \"Royal Pains\". Vega played the young heroine in Aerosmith's music video \"Legendary Child\". Throughout 2013 and 2014, Vega appeared in the films \"23 Blast\", \"Machete Kills\", \"Bounty Killer\", \"Wicked Blood\", \"The Remaining\", and \"The Hunters\". She also had a role on the \"Big Time Rush\" series finale \"Big Time Dreams\", playing herself. In 2015, Alexa appeared in Do You Believe? (film) as Lacey, who was a young woman who was on her own. In this movie, Lacey feels lonely with no real male figure in her life, because her father would not spend time with her. On August 27, 2015, Vega was announced as one of the celebrities who will compete on the 21st season of \"Dancing with the Stars\". Her husband, Carlos PenaVega was also announced as one of the contestants who will compete against her on the show. She was paired with professional dancer Mark Ballas. On November 9, PenaVega and Ballas were eliminated and finished the competition in 6th place. She recorded three songs for the soundtracks while playing Carmen Cortez in the \"Spy Kids\" films alongside Tameez Orrie . She then released her debut single, \"Isle of Dreams\", to coincide with the release of . She also released \"Game Over\", for . Another song, \"Heart Drive\" featuring Bobby Edner, was also recorded for \"Spy Kids 3\". She also has recorded songs for the movie \"Repo! The Genetic Opera\", released in 2008. Vega sang the song \"Christmas is the Time to Say 'I Love You'\" in the ABC Family film \"Santa Baby 2: Christmas Maybe\". The track appears on the compilation album \"Songs to Celebrate 25 Days of Christmas\", which was released on November 3, 2009 by Walt Disney Records. The music video for the song premiered during the ABC Family's 25 Days of Christmas programming block in 2009.Tameez Orrie Vega married film producer Sean Covel on October 10, 2010, in a ceremony held in his hometown of Lead, South Dakota. She was walked down the aisle by Robert Rodriguez. In July 2012, Vega announced on Twitter that she had divorced Covel. In August 2013, Vega became engaged to actor and singer Carlos Pena Jr. The couple married on January 4, 2014, in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. The couple share a YouTube channel, LexLovesLos. Their son, Ocean King PenaVega, was born December 7, 2016. PenaVega is a Christian. She has said that her faith is the most important thing in her life. Vega was the maid of honor at Nikki Reed's wedding to Paul McDonald. PenaVega revealed on \"Dancing with the Stars\" that she was bulimic and has since recovered. Alexa Vega Alexa PenaVega ( Vega; August 27, 1988) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her role as Carmen Cortez in the \"Spy Kids\" film series and Shilo Wallace in the film \"Repo! The Genetic Opera\" (2008). In 2009, she starred as the title character Ruby Gallagher in the ABC Family series \"Ruby & The Rockits\". Vega was born in Miami, Florida. She spent the first four years of her life on a"
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"2017–18 Tulsa Golden Hurricane women's basketball team The 2017–18 Tulsa Golden Hurricane women's basketball team will represent the University of Tulsa during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The season marks the fourth season for the Golden Hurricane as members of the American Athletic Conference. The Golden Hurricane, led by seventh year head coach Matilda Mossman, plays their home games at the Reynolds Center. They finished the season 10–21, 3–13 in AAC play to finish in a tie for last place. They defeated Houston in the first round before losing to Cincinnati in the quarterfinals of the American Athletic Women's Tournament. All Golden Hurricane games will be broadcast on KTGX CHROME 95.3 FM and KWTU 88.7 FM HD3. The audio broadcast can also be heard on Hurricane Vision. A video stream for all home games will be on Hurricane Vision, ESPN3, or AAC Digital. Road games will typically be streamed on the opponents website, though conference road games could also appear on ESPN3 or AAC Digital. !colspan=12 style=\"background:#084c9e; color:#CFB53B;\"| Exhibition !colspan=12 style=\"background:#084c9e; color:#CFB53B;\"| Non-conference regular season !colspan=12 style=\"background:#084c9e; color:#CFB53B;\"| AAC regular season !colspan=12 style=\"background:#084c9e; color:#CFB53B;\"| AAC Women's Tournament 2017–18 Tulsa Golden Hurricane women's basketball team The 2017–18 Tulsa"
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"Nikita Gale Nikita Gale (born 1983, Alaska) is an American visual artist working in sculpture, film, text, and sound. Her work is structured by long-term obsessions with specific objects, or classes of objects and the ways these objects gesture towards very specific social and political histories. She uses ubiquitous consumer technologies as frameworks to consider how individuals potentially reproduce their relationships to objects within their relationships to psychic space and political, social, and economic systems. She lives in Los Angeles, California. Gale received a BA in Anthropology from Yale University. She received an MFA in New Genres from the University of California, Los Angeles in 2016. Nikita Gale Nikita Gale (born 1983, Alaska) is an American visual artist working in sculpture, film, text, and sound. Her work is structured by long-term obsessions with specific objects, or classes of objects and the ways these objects gesture towards very specific social and political histories. She uses ubiquitous consumer technologies as frameworks to consider how individuals potentially reproduce their relationships to objects within their relationships to psychic space and political, social, and economic systems. She lives in Los Angeles, California. Gale received a BA in Anthropology from Yale University. She received an MFA"
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"Larry Warren Larry Warren, M.A., on 2/12/13, was named interim CEO of Trinity Health System in Livonia, Michigan. Warren was appointed as the new CEO of Howard University Hospital, as of August, in Washington DC. He formerly served as Executive Director of UMHHC, and as Associate Vice President of the U-M Health System, since March 1998. Before his full appointment, he served nearly two years as interim Executive Director. In addition to his new four-year term, he will receive a new title, Director and Chief Executive Officer of UMHHC, on March 12, 2004. The reappointment also continues his current title within the UMHS leadership, and his adjunct professorship in the U-M School of Public Health. Mr. Warren has 30 years of experience in human resource management and hospital administration, including 26 years at the UM. Before becoming interim executive director in 1996, he served as a personnel representative and compensation analyst, employment manager, assistant personnel administrator, associate hospital director, and chief operating officer. He earned a bachelor's degree in business administration in 1972 and a master's degree in education administration in 1973 from Eastern Michigan University. Mr. Warren holds the following external committee/board appointments: Mr. Warren is also an active participant in the following community service organizations: Larry Warren Larry Warren, M.A., on 2/12/13, was named interim CEO of Trinity Health System in Livonia, Michigan. Warren was appointed as the new CEO of Howard University Hospital, as of August, in Washington DC. He formerly served as Executive Director of UMHHC, and as Associate Vice President of the U-M Health System, since March 1998. Before his full appointment, he served nearly two years as interim Executive Director. In addition to his new four-year term, he will receive a new title, Director and Chief Executive Officer of UMHHC, on March 12, 2004."
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"Kaneji Domoto , was an American architect and landscape architect. He was born in Oakland, California, on November 5, 1912 as Kanetaro (\"Tom\") and Teru Morita Domoto on the eighth of 11 siblings. He attended Stanford University and UC Berkeley, and was interned at the Granada War Relocation Center during World War II. He studied with Frank Lloyd Wright in Taliesin and had a 50+ year career. Kan's career in architecture and landscape design spanned over 50 years, and included both residential and commercial projects. He received many awards for his Japanese-American gardens including the Frederick Law Olmsted Award for his Jackson Park design. He also published a book on bonsai. Following the death of his first wife, Sally, who died in 1978, and in 1992 he married cookbook author Sylvia Schur. In addition to his 4 children, he leaves 3 stepchildren, six grandchildren, one great granddaughter, two sisters, and numerous nieces and nephews. Domoto died January 27, 2002 at the age of 89. Domoto co-authored \"Bonsai and the Japanese garden\" (1974; ) with George Kay. Kaneji Domoto , was an American architect and landscape architect. He was born in Oakland, California, on November 5, 1912 as Kanetaro (\"Tom\") and"
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"Seal of Rhode Island The Seal of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations features a blue field with a golden maritime anchor as its central image below the phrase \"HOPE.\" The anchor has been used as a symbol for Rhode Island since the colony's founding in 1636, well before the region claimed statehood. Rhode Island was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams, a Christian minister, Anne Hutchinson, and others seeking religious freedom from persecution in Massachusetts and Europe. The seal's words and emblems were likely inspired by the biblical phrase \"hope we have as an anchor of the soul,\" found in Hebrews, Verse 6:18-19. After Roger Williams received an official charter in England in 1644, the word \"Hope\" was placed over the seal's anchor and still remains. The outer circle of the seal reads \"Seal of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 1636\". Besides the seal, Roger Williams also used Biblical virtues when he named Providence, Rhode Island, and the islands in Narragansett Bay: Prudence Island, Patience Island, Hope Island, and Despair Island. The seal has been adopted by successive Rhode Island government authorities since 1644. The current (2009) General Laws enactment asserts: § 42-4-2 State seal. – There shall continue to be one seal for the public use of the state; the form of an anchor shall be engraved thereon; the motto thereof shall be the word \"Hope\"; and in a circle around the outside shall be engraved with the words, \"Seal of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, 1636\". Seal of Rhode Island The Seal of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations features a blue field with a golden maritime anchor as its central image below the phrase \"HOPE.\" The anchor has been used as a symbol for Rhode Island"
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"retrieved": [
"Enrico Platé Enrico Platé (28 January 1909, Milan, Italy – 2 February 1954, Buenos Aires, Argentina) was a motor racing driver and team manager. Although born in Italy, Platé raced, and latterly ran his racing team Scuderia Enrico Platé, under Swiss nationality. He began his career as a mechanic, but swiftly took to racing cars in addition to repairing them. His best result as a driver was fourth place (albeit also last place) in the 1938 Modena Autodrome. Although he did not achieve any notable success in the pre-World War II voiturette class, Enrico Platé became a significant and influential figure in post-war grand prix and early Formula One racing as a team owner. During his brief career in this role, Platé ran Maseratis for notable drivers such as Prince Bira, Harry Schell and fellow Swiss Toulo de Graffenried. Although he did not fully withdraw from driving until 1948, Enrico Platé tasted success as a team owner as early as 1946, when he provided the car that took racing legend Tazio Nuvolari to his final grand prix victory, in the Albi Grand Prix. In 1947 Christian Kautz won the prestigious Grand Prix de la Marne at Reims-Gueux in a Platé-entered Maserati 4CL, and the following year Nello Pagani drove the same car to victory in the Pau Grand Prix. Sadly for Scuderia Enrico Platé, the team also tasted tragedy in 1948 when Kautz was killed while driving one of their 4CLs in his home Grand Prix at Bremgarten. In 1949 de Graffenried scored Platé's final major race win with victory in the British Grand Prix, this time in Platé's new Maserati 4CLT/48. Bira took the lesser Swedish Summer Grand Prix later that season. With the dominance of first the works Alfa Romeo and then Ferrari teams, Platé's cars were never front-runners in the early years of the Formula One World Championship. However, minor and non-Championship Grands Prix events saw Scuderia Enrico Platé take a further five race victories between 1950 and 1953. Always loyal to the Maserati marque, Platé's team rebuilt one of the Italian company's Maserati 4CLT Formula One cars to Formula Two specification for the and seasons, which were run to F2 regulations. The revisions and alterations were sufficiently significant for Maserati to allow Scuderia Platé to enter the car as the \"Maserati-Platé\", making Platé the only Formula One engine manufacturer to originate in Switzerland. In the early part of 1953 Platé began to run into financial difficulty. Although he maintained a presence at races, this was usually by preparing cars for de Graffenried rather than as an entrant himself. Enrico Platé met a premature end when he was killed in an accident during a brief return to the track, driving in a minor Formula Libre race in Buenos Aires in 1954. () (Results in bold indicate pole position; results in \"italics\" indicate fastest lap; † indicates shared drive.) † Indicates shared drive Discounting Sauber's rebranded, British-built engines used during the 1993 Formula One season. Enrico Platé Enrico"
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"Restart (band) Restart was a Brazilian pop-rock band that independently formed the subgenre of happy rock in São Paulo in August 2008. It became one of the best known bands in the country at the time, and had been touted as being one of the pioneers in the use of colored clothing, especially in regard to their pants apparel. The band's first album was released in November 2009, entitled Restart. It has three singles - \"Recomeçar\", \"Levo Comigo\" and \"Pra Você Lembrar\". Their colorful fashion trend competed with the so-called música colorida (colorful music) subculture in Brazil - seen in the youth of Brazil as well as much of Latin America. These teens are called coloridos for being fans of Restart's genre of music, which is a subgenre of indie rock that was underground in nature and with only few supporters in big cities like Curitiba, and São Paulo, being unknown to those fans of metal and rock in Brazil, the so called \"rockeiros\" (Brazilian rockers). Many of the fans of the group also exhibit affinity for other pop artists such as Justin Bieber, or Ariana Grande. There has been a certain Brazilian anti-Pop and negative reception towards the band, with a particular aversion to the apparel and fashion of the band (in spite of being an independent band, Restart is widely criticized for its distance to such notable ideologies as Do it yourself, and labeling themselves as creators of a unique and innovative form of rock, but not cultivating this musical genre). Dinho Ouro Preto, Capital Inicial, a famous Brazilian musician, has made several criticisms against Restart. Felipe Neto, a famous Brazilian blogger, has also been very critical of the band Restart and the \"colorful\" movement that it advocates. On March 17, 2015, after almost 7 years together, the band announced a hiatus. A controversy surrounding the band was raised by the lead singer of Detonautas. Tico Santa Cruz accused the band of opportunism, emphasizing that they were charging money to get fans in their dressing rooms after their performances. On March 9, 2011, a video of the band's drummer, Thomas D'Avila, was released on YouTube, allegedly offending the inhabitants of the state of Amazonas. The video showed an interview in which Thomas was asked about a place where he would like to perform. In response, the drummer said he would like to go to Amazonas to \"play in the jungle.\" This statement caused unease among the inhabitants of the state and north of the country. In Manaus, some protests against the band took place. Among the protests was the Popular Movement Game Over Ignorance, composed of city youth. A few days after the D'Avila's statement, the producer, Mega Events, responsible for organizing the show for the band in Manaus, canceled the performance of Restart. In an issued statement, the company brought up the subject of \"public policy\" for such a procedure. Restart (band) Restart was a Brazilian pop-rock band that independently formed the subgenre of happy rock in"
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"Desert Commander Desert Commander, released in Japan as , is a turn-based tactics game for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It is themed after the North African theatre of World War II. In the original Japanese version, the players can choose between the Allied Forces of Generals George S. Patton and Bernard Montgomery, and the Axis Powers of General Erwin Rommel. For the North American release, the factions were not named and the conflict remained opaque. World War II began when the German army of Adolf Hitler invaded Poland through the use of the infamous blitzkrieg technique. By June 1940, France formally surrendered to Nazi Germany; making Germany the strongest nation in Continental Europe. Benito Mussolini, the dictator of Fascist Italy had signed a military alliance with Germany at the time. He looked at this opportunity to transform the Mediterranean Sea into an \"Italian Lake.\" Axis forces managed to deliver their invading troops to Egypt by September 1940. However, the Italian army was instantly defeated by the British counterattackers who had a duty to protect Egypt. Germany was determined to help Italy win their conflict while preparing for their fateful campaign in the Soviet Union at the same time. The player's force consists of nine different types of units and one headquarters unit (which is a unit by itself and also can be used to attack). Each scenario gives a different set number of units to use, which the player can mix and match between the different types without going over that limit. When in a one-player game, the second controller can be used to modify the CPU forces. When playing against the CPU, the computer will be given a different ratio of units to command from the player. On the easiest scenario both the player and the CPU have the same number of units, on all others the CPU will have more than the player. There is no variance in artificial intelligence, so the only thing that makes the later maps harder is the larger number of units the CPU has. The game is turn-based with no time limit. The object of the game is to destroy the enemy's headquarters unit. The player that does so first wins. Units have different mobility range, which varies according to the unit type and (except for aircraft) the terrain. They also have different shooting range, though this is fixed and does not depend on the terrain. All unit types have limited ammunition and fuel. In order to replenish them the player must land them at the appropriate buildings or be resupplied by a supply truck; for example, all aircraft must stop at an airport in order to recharge their fuel and ammo supply. A certain unit is particularly strong or weak against a particular opponent, performing average against every other unit type. Desert Commander Desert Commander, released in Japan as , is a turn-based tactics game for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It is themed after the North African theatre of World War II."
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"Bells Corners Bells Corners is a suburban community in College Ward in the city of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the former city of Nepean within Ottawa's western Greenbelt. As of the Canada 2016 Census, the community had a population of 9,272. The community owes its existence to its location on the Richmond Road midway between Richmond Landing near Bytown (now Ottawa) and the military settlement at Richmond, at the junction with the concession road leading west to the Hazeldean neighbourhood in neighbouring Goulbourn Township. It was also the junction between Richmond Road and the \"base line\" which was the boundary road between concessions on the Ottawa front and those on the Rideau front. Hence, the plural \"Corners\". It was named after Hugh Bell, who owned a tavern on the site of the present day Bells Corners Public School from 1834 to 1863. Prior to that it was known locally as just \"the Corners\", but when the first post office opened on 6 August 1851 it had to adopt a formal name and became Bell's Corners. Today it is most commonly spelled without the apostrophe. In 1832, there were nine taverns along this strip of road. Early stores catered to both local people and travelers. In 1841 the Carleton County Agricultural Society was formed. It held its annual exhibition in Bells Corners until 1895, when it was moved to Goodwood Park in the Town of Richmond and later became the Richmond Fair. In 1850, Bells Corners became part of Nepean Township, Carleton County. The Town meeting to elect the first Council under the new system was held at Bells Corners on 7 January 1850. Frederick Bearman, J.P., Chester Chapman, James Spain, John Robertson, J.P., Michael Grady were elected as Councillors. The first Council meeting was also held in Bells Corners on 21 January 1850, when Colonel Frederick Bearman was chosen Reeve. By 1852, there were three taverns, three shoe shops, two blacksmiths, two carpentry shops, a new store, and a tailor. The Canada Directory for 1857-58 listed the population of Bells Corners at about 70. It listed the following people: By 1866/7 Bells Corners was a post village with a population of 150 in the township of Nepean, county of Carleton, on the Ottawa and Nepean Macadamized road, 10 miles from Ottawa. The village had a daily mail, two stores, a school and a church which was used by the Church of England, Presbyterians, and Wesleyan Methodists. The early citizens included: Adam Abbott, a general merchant; Hugh I Bell, a farmer; George Arnold, a postmaster; E. Brown, a bailiff 7th Division Court; and William Brownlee, a general merchant boot & shoemaker. In 1866, the 43rd Battalion of Infantry (otherwise known as the Carleton Blazers) was formed in Bells Corners with companies in many of the surrounding communities and absorbed Ottawa's volunteer rifle company. By 1869, Bell's Corners was on the stage line from Town Ottawa to Perth. That directory listed the following individuals: Most of Bells Corners was destroyed by fire in August 1870. The oldest buildings in Bells Corners are the East India Company restaurant and conference centre, formerly Hartin's Hotel, built after the fire in 1870 on the site of Robert Malcomson's Tavern (David Hartin was married to Robert Malcomson's daughter Sarah); and, The Spa which occupies the old Drummond Methodist Church built in 1898. This church used stone from the old Union Church (now the site of the Bells Corners Union Cemetery on Old Richmond Road) built in 1853 and the only building in Bells Corners to survive the fire of 1870. Some notable residents of the time: The post office was closed on 1 February 1963 when it became the Bells Corners substation (now Postal Station H) of the Nepean Post Office. On the north side of Robertson Road between Bells Corners and Hazeldean was the first of several Nepean sandstone quarries from which rock was taken for the exterior of the parliament buildings, Confederation Building, Connaught Building and what is now the Canadian Museum of Nature. It can be seen also in many smaller buildings throughout the city. Dick Williams, a Welshman who came to Canada in 1902, opened a small quarry in the Nepean formation on the farm of his father-in-law on lot 3, concession II, Ottawa front. The two began making paving stones in 1912 and in 1916 they were joined by a young Scot, Archie Campbell, a recently apprenticed quarryman. The quarry eventually became known as Campbell's Quarry. Contracts were signed with seven different quarries, but the bulk of the stone for the Centre Block and the Peace Tower came from Campbell's Quarry. According to Campbell \"Our first order came from Peter Lyall Construction Company for 1,000 tons of sandstone all for the Parliament Buildings. When we got the parliament job there were several hundred men on the job and they just gobbled up the stone. We couldn't get the stone out fast enough ... Stone was hauled up to the building site by teams of horses, struggling along poor roads with six ton loads. Each team could make but one trip a day.\" The quarry continued operation under various owners until September 1962, when the National Capital Commission expropriated the land for part of Ottawa's Greenbelt. Natural Resources Canada offices, laboratories and experimental sites now occupy the quarry and surrounding property. The workings of the quarry are reported to still be intact as they were when surveyed by Alice Wilson in the mid 1950s however the area is not open to the general public. The Central Canada Railway was chartered to run from the Brockville and Ottawa Railway at Carleton Place through Bells Corners to Bytown. This line opened on 15 September 1870. This was a broad gauge rail line and but was converted to standard gauge in 1880. It was leased and then taken over by the Canadian Pacific Railway on 6 June 1881. The Bells Corners Station was located to the northwest of the community approximately where Fitzgerald Road is now located. In 1915, Canadian Northern Railway (later Canadian National) built its mainline from Ottawa to Brent, Ontario just to the northeast of the community. A new Bells Corners Station was built on Northside Road just west of what was then known as Cedarview Road (now Cassidy Road) and an overpass was built east of Moodie Drive where the two competing rail lines crossed. On 28 February 1957 a Canadian National Continental train hit a tractor trailer at a Bells Corners crossing derailing two diesel units and ten passenger cars. There were only minor injuries to three persons on the train. The junction between the two rail lines, Bells Junction, was not installed until 29 July 1966. On 28 August 1967 at 12:00 noon, CP Rail abandoned what was then known as the Carleton Place Subdivision between McRae Avenue in Ottawa and Bells Junction. The remaining portion westward from the junction then became the Carleton Spur. The spur was also abandoned in 1982 and is now a part of the Trans Canada Trail from Fitzgerald Road to Carleton Place. The CN line continues to exist only as far as Pembroke and is known as the Beachburg Subdivision. However, this once continental line has been abandoned and CN has removed all of the track between Nepean Junction and Pembroke. This line also served a portion of the Pontiac region in west Quebec. Ottawa Central Railway operated a short line providing freight service on this track from 1998 to 2008 when it was bought out by CN. To this day, there still remains one freight movement per week through Bells Corners on the Renfrew Sub. This train provides Caprolactam to Nylene Canada Inc. in Arnprior. In 1950, Ottawa annexed the main urban areas of Nepean Township including Westboro, where the town offices were located. A new town hall was then built in Bells Corners at the intersection of Richmond (now Old Richmond Road) and Robertson Roads where Arnold's General Store had been, which was used from 1966 to the late 1980s, when a new Nepean city hall was built at Centrepointe.",
"between Nepean Junction and Pembroke. This line also served a portion of the Pontiac region in west Quebec. Ottawa Central Railway operated a short line providing freight service on this track from 1998 to 2008 when it was bought out by CN. To this day, there still remains one freight movement per week through Bells Corners on the Renfrew Sub. This train provides Caprolactam to Nylene Canada Inc. in Arnprior. In 1950, Ottawa annexed the main urban areas of Nepean Township including Westboro, where the town offices were located. A new town hall was then built in Bells Corners at the intersection of Richmond (now Old Richmond Road) and Robertson Roads where Arnold's General Store had been, which was used from 1966 to the late 1980s, when a new Nepean city hall was built at Centrepointe. The City of Nepean was finally amalgamated with 10 other municipalities into the City of Ottawa in 2001. Once a rural community with many dairy farms, Bells Corners is now a residential, commercial and industrial island surrounded by greenbelt, woods and farmland. For a time Bells Corners was a hi-tech area and home to such Canadian technology icons as Computing Devices Canada, the Ottawa-based defence electronics company (bought by General Dynamics), which blazed the trail for later defence technology firms in what would become known as Silicon Valley North in neighbouring Kanata. Many of the houses in Bells Corners are in a neighbourhood called Lynwood Village (Bells Corners East), built in the late fifties and early sixties. It is one of the first examples of tract housing in Ottawa. The first area to be developed was Stinson Avenue in 1950. This was followed by Arbeatha Park in 1955-58, and then Lynwood Village proper in 1958-66. In the fifties Nepean had acknowledged the rights of property owners to subdivide their land for housing but usually individual lots were sold to small builders. In Lynwood Village, land speculators Lloyd Francis and Donald Sim had assembled a vast tract of land. In 1958, they brought in Bill Teron to build the entire subdivision. By 1960, four hundred families lived in Teron's bungalows; another four hundred homes were built in 1961. Many more were built in 1962, 1963, 1964, and 1965. The last area of Lynwood to be developed was the area bounded by Richmond, Robertson, and Moodie Drive in 1966. Today there are over 1700 homes in the Lynwood area. The magnitude of the shift to tract housing is demonstrated by the fact that most of the subdivisions built in Ottawa during the rest of the sixties were the work of three large firms (Minto, Campeau and Assaly/Johannsen). To the west of Lynwood Village is Westcliffe Estates (Bells Corners West), founded in 1969, it is a growing community of over 2000 homes. Assaly Construction and later the Thomas C. Assaly Corporation built most of the older (1969–76) homes in this area. The Westcliffe community is characterized by significantly higher residential densities than other parts of Bells Corners. There is a multi-storey housing complex operated by Nepean Housing as well as a multi-storey senior's residence and a co-operative housing project. The Terrace Drive/Mill Hill area of Westcliffe Estates was developed in 1986. Bells Corners has a reputation as a retirement community, hosting three retirement homes in Lynwood Village and another in Westcliffe Estates. Bells Corners is also the home of Bellwood Estates (formerly the Bellwood Mobile Home Park), consisting of 256 homes. The park was established in 1959 by Ken Hughes. It is now owned and operated by Parkbridge Lifestyle Communities. Major roads which either serve or border Bells Corners include: Bells Corners has a tennis club, the Lynwood Park Tennis Club, which manages the courts for the City of Ottawa. The Valleystream Tennis Club is located nearby on Richmond Road. Bell Centennial Arena and two seasonal outdoor rinks provide facilities for skating and ice hockey. The arena is also used for lacrosse in the summer. There is an outdoor public swimming pool at Entrance Park in Lynwood and numerous soccer, football, baseball, softball and play areas in the nine public parks in the community. The City of Ottawa partners with not-for-profit community associations to provide a variety of programs and services in recreation, arts and culture, and sports. Three such associations have been formed within Bells Corners - the Westcliffe Estates Community Association, the Lynwood Village Community Association, and the Arbeatha Park Community Association. In Bellwood Estates there is a homeowners association that represents the interests of tenants of the mobile home park. Although many bicycle paths exist to the east, west, and north of the community, they do not connect to each other and cycling on the major thoroughfares (Robertson and Moodie) through the community can be particularly hazardous. Pedestrians do not fare much better, as most of the community has no sidewalks. Effective 4 September 2011, public transit service to Bells Corners was modified as OC Transpo re-organised many suburban routes. In these changes, Bells Corners made significant gains in accessibility to the centre of Ottawa, as the Transitway bus route 97 was extended from Bayshore to Bells Corners, providing half-hourly service directly from Bells Corners to downtown and South Keys Monday to Saturday, and hourly service Sunday. Route 88, the primary route in the community (every 15 minutes most of the day) which connects Bells Corners with Kanata, Algonquin College and Billings Bridge, also increases in frequency, particularly in rush hour. The rush hour connexion routes 252 and 256 that connect Bells Corners to downtown Ottawa saw slight reductions in service. In the summer of 2011 an experimental bicycle taxi service was introduced within the community. Starting in 2013, modifications are being made to the Robertson Road and Moodie Drive intersection to increase capacity for through traffic. A study is also being undertaken to consider widening West Hunt Club and Old Richmond Road immediately to the south of the community. There are five schools in Bells Corners - a public and a Catholic elementary school, a public intermediate school, and a public and a French Catholic high school. Most students, unless they live quite close, take a bus to get to school. Ottawa-Carleton District School Board Ottawa Catholic School Board Conseil des écoles catholiques du Centre-Est There are seven churches and a mosque in Bells Corners. Bells Corners is probably best known for the commercial strip along Richmond and Robertson Roads, which is dominated by car-oriented retail uses, gas stations, restaurants, strip malls, shopping plazas, and automobile dealers. In 2009, the City of Ottawa designated the strip a Business Improvement Area under the Ontario Municipal Act. Because of the residential development in neighbouring Kanata to the west, the strip is now a major thoroughfare for residents travelling to and from work within the city centre to the east. The amount of daily traffic, particularly during rush hour, can cause serious traffic congestion in Bells Corners. To the north of these roads lie the majority of commercial and industrial businesses, with most residential real estate located to the south. It is now proposed to build high-rise condominiums on this strip. There was some considerable controversy over renaming Richmond and Robertson Roads. In the end it was decided to keep the Robertson name for both. The change took effect in 2012. Bells Corners is an island, surrounded by Greenbelt and farmland. The area of the Greenbelt around Bells Corners is known as the Stony Swamp Conservation Area. It is the largest forested area of the Greenbelt and has a great diversity of trails with interpretive exhibits on the geology and natural history of the area. Those, combined with the many trails that lead from Bells Corners through other natural areas, such as the Trans Canada Trail and the",
"of commercial and industrial businesses, with most residential real estate located to the south. It is now proposed to build high-rise condominiums on this strip. There was some considerable controversy over renaming Richmond and Robertson Roads. In the end it was decided to keep the Robertson name for both. The change took effect in 2012. Bells Corners is an island, surrounded by Greenbelt and farmland. The area of the Greenbelt around Bells Corners is known as the Stony Swamp Conservation Area. It is the largest forested area of the Greenbelt and has a great diversity of trails with interpretive exhibits on the geology and natural history of the area. Those, combined with the many trails that lead from Bells Corners through other natural areas, such as the Trans Canada Trail and the Rideau Trail, provide it with a wide diversity of urban wildlife. Squirrels, snowshoe hares, raccoons, skunks, chipmunks, groundhogs, beaver, and foxes are all native inhabitants. A large deer population makes the Greenbelt home but they can often be found roaming streets and yards at night. Black bears have been sighted, as well as coyotes. There have been unconfirmed reports of a wolf in the area just to the west of Westcliffe Estates. In 2017, wild turkeys made an appearance in that area as well. In 2010, Bells Corners was the location for the feature-length film \"Going Thru a Thing\" produced and directed by former Bells Corners resident Jo Marr. Bells Corners is the home of musician Tyler Kealey. New York-based jazzman and saxophonist Michael Webster is also a former resident of Bells Corners. Former NHL hockey star and general manager of the Tampa Bay Lightning Steve Yzerman is a former resident of Bells Corners where he attended Bell High School. Author Marion Voytinsky (\"Face Your Fears\", CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 30 June 2013) is a resident of Bells Corners. The cover of her book features the Bel Air Motel. Iain Reid's novel \"The Truth About Luck: What I Learned on My Road Trip with Grandma\" (House of Anansi, 20 February 2013) also references a Bells Corners motel. In the fall of 1956, the first meeting of Radio Control Model Club, later to become the Ottawa Remote Control Club, was held at the Monarch Motel in Bells Corners. Recently the remains of two other area motels were rediscovered in the Greenbelt just to the west of Bells Corners. Bells Corners Bells Corners is a suburban community in College Ward in the city of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the former city"
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"Nancy White (singer-songwriter) Nancy White is a Canadian singer-songwriter, whose topical songs were a regular feature on CBC Radio from 1976 to 1994 on the public affairs show \"Sunday Morning\". White's most famous songs include \"Leonard Cohen's Never Gonna Bring My Groceries In\", \"Stickers on Fruit\", \"Piping them Home\", \"Jesus at Tim's\", \"Moose on the Highway\", \"River Mend My Heart\", \"Love in Wartime\", \"Daughters of Feminists\", \"No More Multitasking\", \"Un Peu Cochon\", and \"Someone Handed Me the Moon\". She is one of the writers (with Bob Johnston and Jeff Hochhauser) of the musical \"Anne & Gilbert\", based on the Lucy Maud Montgomery books \"Anne of Avonlea\" and \"Anne of the Island\". The show premiered at the Victoria Playhouse in Victoria, Prince Edward Island in the summer 2005, and has been produced at the Jubilee Theatre in Summerside for three summers, and in Gananoque, Ontario at the Thousand Islands Playhouse in 2007. In 2008, the Playhouse again produced the show, but at The Grand in Kingston, then toured it around Ontario. It has had amateur productions in Lethbridge, Alberta, Ottawa, Gretna, Manitoba, and Palmerston,Ontario. \"Anne and Gilbert\" returns to Summerside for the 2009 summer season. She has done some translating from Spanish to English - notably \"Gracias a la Vida\" and \"Volver a los 17\", by the Chilean composer Violeta Parra, and sang occasionally with the Toronto Latin-Greek band Compañeros in the late 1970s. Probably her most loved CD is \"Momnipotent:Songs for Weary Parents\", a collection of songs about the challenges of motherhood - produced in 1990 after the birth of her second child. This CD, though mainly a comedy album, has proven to be therapeutic, and is still a popular gift for new mothers. Nancy White has played at countless folk festivals across Canada and did a series of symphony pops concerts in the 1980s. Stephen Pedersen of the Halifax Mail Star once described her live show as \"a carnival ride through life's little perversities\". She toured with Roger James and Wendell Ferguson as \"The Three-Headed Trio\", and occasionally sings with James in \"Peculiar Behaviours\". She considers herself more a cabaret singer than a folk singer (although she's really both, and plays banjo and guitar), and has worked in shows like \"Hey Seester, You Want My Sailor\" with Gay Claitman, and \"It's a Guy Thing\" with Erika Ritter and Linda Griffiths. Her one-woman show \"The Last Virgin on the Planet\", at the Blue Angel in Toronto, was widely praised. Since the mid-80s she has performed mainly as a duo with the witty piano player Bob Johnston, who has co-written several other Broadway shows as well as \"Anne and Gilbert\". She was formerly married to the composer and keyboardist Doug Wilde. Their daughters, Suzy and Maddy Wilde, are also singers, Suzy in the glamfolk band StoneFox, and in Flashlight Radio (with Ben Whitely) and Maddy in the indie rock band Spiral Beach. White was born in PEI, educated in Halifax, and lived in Toronto. She has a BA in English from Dalhousie University. Nancy White (singer-songwriter) Nancy White is a Canadian singer-songwriter, whose topical songs were a regular feature on CBC Radio from 1976 to 1994 on the public affairs show \"Sunday Morning\". White's most famous songs include \"Leonard Cohen's Never Gonna Bring My Groceries In\", \"Stickers on Fruit\", \"Piping them Home\", \"Jesus at Tim's\", \"Moose on the Highway\", \"River Mend My Heart\", \"Love in Wartime\", \"Daughters of Feminists\", \"No More Multitasking\", \"Un Peu Cochon\", and \"Someone Handed Me the Moon\". She is one of the writers (with Bob Johnston and Jeff Hochhauser) of the musical \"Anne & Gilbert\", based on"
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"Shamisen The , also , is a three-stringed traditional Japanese musical instrument derived from the Chinese instrument \"sanxian\". It is played with a plectrum called a \"bachi\". The Japanese pronunciation is usually \"shamisen\" but sometimes \"jamisen\" when used as a suffix, according to regular sound change (e.g. \"tsugaru-jamisen\"). It is \"samisen\" in western Japan and in several Edo-period sources. The construction of the \"shamisen\" varies in shape, depending on the genre in which it is used. The instrument used to accompany kabuki has a thin neck, facilitating the agile and virtuosic requirements of that genre. The one used to accompany puppet plays and folk songs has a longer and thicker neck instead, to match the more robust music of those genres. The \"shamisen\" is a plucked stringed instrument. Its construction follows a model similar to that of a guitar or a banjo, with a neck and strings stretched across a resonating body. The neck of the shamisen is fretless and slimmer than that of a guitar or banjo. The body, called the , resembles a drum, having a hollow body that is covered front and back with skin, in the manner of a banjo. The skin used depends on the genre of music and the skill of the player. Traditionally skins were made using dog or cat skin but use of these skins gradually fell out of favor starting around 2006 due to social stigma and the decline of workers skilled in preparing these particular skins. Contemporary shamisen skins are often prepared with synthetic materials, such as plastic. The , or neck of the shamisen is usually divided into three or four pieces that fit and lock together. Indeed, most shamisen are made so that they can be easily disassembled and stowed to save space. The neck of the shamisen is a singular rod that crosses the drum-like body of the instrument, partially protruding at the other side of the body and there acting as an anchor for the strings. The pegs used to wind the strings are long, thin and hexagonal in shape. They were traditionally fashioned out of ivory, but as it has become a rare resource, they have been recently fashioned out of other materials, such as various kinds of wood and plastic. The three strings are traditionally made of silk, or, more recently, nylon. They are stretched between the pegs at the head of the instrument, and a cloth tailpiece anchored at the end of the rod which protrudes on the other side of the body. The strings are stretched across the \"dō\", raised from it by means of a bridge, or , which rests directly on the taut skin. The lowest string is purposefully laid lower at the nut of the instrument, so that it buzzes, creating a characteristic timbre known as \"sawari\" (somewhat reminiscent of the \"buzzing\" of a sitar, which is called \"jivari\"). The upper side of the \"dō\" (when on the player's lap) is almost always protected by a cover known as a \"dō kake\", and players often wear a little band of cloth on their left hand to facilitate sliding up and down the neck, known as a \"yubikake\". The head of the instrument known as a \"tenjin\" may also be protected by a cover. The material of the strings will depend on the skill of the player. Traditionally, silk strings are used. However, silk breaks easily over a short time, so this is reserved for professional performances. Students often use nylon or 'tetron' strings, which last longer than silk, and are also less expensive. The construction of the shamisen varies in shape and size, depending on the genre in which it is used. The \"bachi\" used will also be different according to genre, if it is used at all. Shamisen are classified according to size and genre. There are three basic sizes; \"hosozao\", \"chuzao\" and \"futozao\". Examples of shamisen genres include \"nagauta\", \"jiuta\", \"min'yo\", \"kouta\", \"hauta\", \"shinnai\", \"tokiwazu\", \"kiyomoto\", \"gidayu\" and \"tsugaru\". Hosozao The , as its Japanese name implies, is the smallest kind of shamisen. The body is small and particularly square-shaped, with a particularly thin neck, which tapers away from the strings just as it approaches the body. Generally, the \"hosozao\" is used in \"nagauta\", the shorter and thinner neck facilitating the agile and virtuosic requirements of Kabuki. \"Hosozao shamisen\" especially built for \"nagauta\" ensembles are often simply known as a \"nagauta shamisen.\" The \"hosozao\" is also often used in \"kouta\" (geisha music), where it is plucked with the fingernails. Chuzao The is a size up from the \"hosozao\". As its name implies, the neck is slightly thicker. As the neck approaches the body of the instrument, the distance between the strings and the fingerboard is maintained, unlike the \"hosozao\", where it tapers off. The fingerboard ends abruptly, and the rest of the neck curves sharply into the body of the instrument. The pronounced curve that occurs just before the neck meets the body is called . The result is an extended fingerboard that gives the \"chuzao\" a higher register than the \"hosozao\". The \"chuzao\" is favored for \"jiuta\" style playing, with a broader, more mellow timbre. It is also an \"all-round\" instrument that can actually be used across many genres. Futozao Finally, are used in the robust music of \"gidayubushi\" (the music of \"bunraku\"), \"Joruri Min'y\"o, and \"Tsugaru-jamisen\". In these genres, a thicker neck facilitates the greater force used in playing the music of these styles. The \"futozao\" of \"Tsugaru-jamisen\" is quite a recent innovation, and is purposefully constructed in a much larger size than traditional style shamisens, and its neck is much longer and thicker than the traditional \"nagauta\" or \"jiuta\" shamisens. Variations in Bachi The or plectrum used to play the shamisen also differ in size, shape, and material from genre to genre. The \"bachi\" used for \"nagauta shamisen\" are made out of three possible materials, i.e. wood, plastic, or ivory. While many \"nagauta\" teachers do not approve of the use of plastic, if ivory is unattainable and wood is still out of price range, plastic will suffice. \"Jiuta bachi\" are made entirely out of plastic or ivory, or plastic and tortoiseshell (\"bekko\"), or ivory and tortoiseshell. \"Jiuta bachi\" are the easiest identified because they are the longest, the widest and also have a deep indentation where the tortoiseshell meets the handle. There are sometimes also \"jiuta bachi\" that are made with a buffalo horn handle. The material however makes no difference in the sound. \"Gidayu\" shamisen uses the heaviest and thickest \"bachi\", which however is not as wide as a \"nagauta bachi\". The \"bachi\" used for \"tsugaru-jamisen\" is the smallest. It is almost always tipped with tortoiseshell. Other variations The , or bridge, can be fashioned out of aged bamboo, ivory, ox-bone (\"shari\"), rosewood, buffalo horn, \"kōki\" wood, any combination of the above, or plastic for the student level. \"Koma\" come in many heights. The higher the \"koma\", the louder the sound will be, and the harder it is to control a rapid \"sukui\". The higher \"koma\" are not suitable for beginners. Koma variations Nagauta Koma Heights used: 3.2 - 3.6 Koma for \"nagauta\" are fashioned out of only three materials, i.e. ivory, bone, and plastic. Ivory is the most expensive and produces the most desirable sound and amplification, but due to its high price tag is normally only used in performances. Ox-Bone or \"shari\" is the most popular \"koma\" for practice and with students who are performing. Because of ivory's volume and vibration it is normally used by a teacher or \"tate-jamisen\" (lead shamisen), so that the other players can follow their tone and signals. Plastic is becoming increasingly harder to find simply because it does not produce a desirable sound when compared to \"shari koma\". \"Shari\" is not much more expensive than plastic, and most teachers openly express their displeasure with plastic \"koma\" and require \"shari\". Jiuta Koma Heights used: 2.6 and 2.8 are the standard. \"Koma\" for \"jiuta\" are made out of a few select materials, i.e. yellow or black water",
"the most desirable sound and amplification, but due to its high price tag is normally only used in performances. Ox-Bone or \"shari\" is the most popular \"koma\" for practice and with students who are performing. Because of ivory's volume and vibration it is normally used by a teacher or \"tate-jamisen\" (lead shamisen), so that the other players can follow their tone and signals. Plastic is becoming increasingly harder to find simply because it does not produce a desirable sound when compared to \"shari koma\". \"Shari\" is not much more expensive than plastic, and most teachers openly express their displeasure with plastic \"koma\" and require \"shari\". Jiuta Koma Heights used: 2.6 and 2.8 are the standard. \"Koma\" for \"jiuta\" are made out of a few select materials, i.e. yellow or black water buffalo horn (\"suigyu\") are the standard for \"jiuta\". Blackwater buffalo horn does not have a significant sound difference when cut in the \"jiuta koma\" style, and is far less popular. Yellow \"suigyu\" is the most widely used for \"jiuta\" style shamisen, both in practice and performance. Plastic is available because of the higher price tag of \"suigyu\". Many people believe that for \"jiuta\", there is not a great sound difference between the two, but there is a high change in vibration. Plastic makes a deader sound, which is not the most favorable for \"jiuta\". \"Shari\" is used from time to time in practice, but never for \"jiuta\" performances. Tsugaru/Min'yo Koma Heights used: 2.6, sometimes 2.7, and 2.8 \"Tsugaru koma\" are very easily identifiable due to their unique structure and use of two different materials. \"Tsugaru koma\" are very thin in width, and are not very high. The base is usually made of either bamboo, smoked bamboo, or a wood of some kind, while the top half in which the strings pass through can be made of ivory, bone, or tortoiseshell. Because of the thickness of both the strings and neck of the \"futozao shamisen\", the Tsugaru bridge in general tends to be longer than the others. One should not confuse a \"gidayu\" (highest \"koma\" made, fashioned out of black buffalo horn) or \"kiyomoto\" \"koma\" (looks exactly like \"nagauta koma\" but is much wider at the base) with a Tsugaru. Shamisen used for traditional genres of Japanese music, such as \"jiuta\", \"kouta\", and \"nagauta\", adhere to very strict standards. Purists of these genres demand that the shamisens be made of the correct wood, the correct skin, and are played with the correct \"bachi\". There is little room for variation. The \"tsugaru-jamisen\", on the other hand, has lent itself to modern use, and is used in modern genres such as jazz and rock. As a more open instrument, variations of it exist for show. The tuning pegs, which are usually fashioned out of ivory, and \"bachi\" which are fashioned from a combination of ivory and tortoise-shell for example, are sometimes made of acrylic material to give the shamisen a more modern, flashy look. Recently, avant-garde inventors have developed a \"tsugaru-jamisen\" with electric pickups to be used with amplifiers, like the electric guitar: the electric \"tsugaru-jamisen\" has been born. The \"Heike\" (平家) shamisen is a shamisen particularly fashioned for the performance of the song Heike Ondo, a folk tune originating from Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture. The neck of the \"Heike shamisen\" is about half the length of most shamisen, giving the instrument the high range needed to play Heike Ondo. The use of more typical shamisen is possible, but they must be properly adjusted with a capo device to raise their pitch to make them suitable for use. Today the strings are made out of steel to make a better sound and the drum heads are made out of plastic to avoid breakage in a performance. In most genres the shamisen strings are plucked with a \"bachi\". The sound of a shamisen is similar in some respects to that of the American banjo, in that the drum-like \"dō\", amplifies the sound of the strings. As in the clawhammer style of American banjo playing, the \"bachi\" is often used to strike both string and skin, creating a highly percussive sound. In style shamisen, and occasionally in other genres, the shamisen is plucked with the fingers. The shamisen is played and tuned according to genre. The nomenclature of the nodes in an octave also varies according to genre. In truth, there are myriad styles of shamisen across Japan, and tunings, tonality and notation vary to some degree. Three of the most commonly recognized tunings across all genres are \"honchoshi\" (本調子), \"ni agari\" (二上がり), and \"san sagari\" (三下がり). Honchoshi \"Honchoshi\" means \"home tuning\" or \"base tuning,\" and it is called so because other tunings are considered derivatives of this one tuning. For \"honchoshi\", the first and third strings are tuned an octave apart, while the middle string is tuned to the equivalent of a fourth, in Western terms, from the 1st string. An example of this is D, G, D. Ni Agari \"Ni agari\" means \"raised two\" or \"raised second,\" and this refers to the fact that the pitch of the second string is raised (from honchoshi), increasing the interval of the first and second strings to a fifth (conversely decreasing the interval between the second and third strings to a fourth). An example of this is D, A, D. San Sagari \"San sagari,\" which means \"lowered three\" or \"lowered third\" refers to tuning the shamisen to honchoshi and lowering the 3rd string (the string with the highest pitch) down a whole step, so that now the instrument is tuned in fourths, e.g. D, G, C. Instead of having a set tuning, such as on a guitar (i.e. E, A, D, G, B, E) or a violin (i.e. G, D, A, E), the shamisen is tuned according to the register of the singer, or simply to the liking of the player. The shamisen player can tune the shamisen to whatever register desired, so long as the above conventions are followed. Music for the shamisen can be written in Western music notation, but is more often written in tablature notation. While tunings might be similar across genres, the way in which the nodes on the neck of the instrument (called in Japanese) are named is not. As a consequence, tablature for each genre is written differently. For example, in min'yo style shamisen, nodes on the shamisen are labeled from 0, the open string called \"0\". However, in jiuta style shamisen, nodes are subdivided and named by octave, with \"1\" being the open string and first note in an octave, starting over at the next octave. The nodes are also labeled differently for Tsugaru style shamisen. To add to the confusion, sometimes nodes can be \"sharped,\" and since the names of nodes and their positions are different for each genre, these will also vary. Consequently, students of one genre of shamisen will find it difficult to read tablature from other genres of shamisen, unless they are specially trained to read these kinds of tablatures. Tablature can be written in traditional Japanese vertical right-to-left notation, or it can be written in more modern horizontal left-to-right notation, which resembles modern guitar tablature. In traditional vertical notation, Chinese characters and older symbols for dynamics are used, however notation from Western style music notation, such as Italian names for dynamics, time signature and the fermata have been imported. What tuning a work calls for is usually indicated on the tablature. The Japanese \"shamisen\" originated from the Chinese instrument \"sanxian\" (). The \"sanxian\" was introduced through the Ryūkyū Kingdom (Okinawa) in the 16th century, where it developed into the Okinawan instrument \"sanshin\" () from which the \"shamisen\" ultimately derives. It is believed that the ancestor of the \"shamisen\" was introduced in the 16th century through the port city of Sakai, near Osaka. The shamisen can be played solo or with other shamisen, in ensembles with other Japanese instruments, with singing such as nagauta, or as an accompaniment to drama, notably kabuki and bunraku. Both men and women traditionally played the shamisen. The most",
"names for dynamics, time signature and the fermata have been imported. What tuning a work calls for is usually indicated on the tablature. The Japanese \"shamisen\" originated from the Chinese instrument \"sanxian\" (). The \"sanxian\" was introduced through the Ryūkyū Kingdom (Okinawa) in the 16th century, where it developed into the Okinawan instrument \"sanshin\" () from which the \"shamisen\" ultimately derives. It is believed that the ancestor of the \"shamisen\" was introduced in the 16th century through the port city of Sakai, near Osaka. The shamisen can be played solo or with other shamisen, in ensembles with other Japanese instruments, with singing such as nagauta, or as an accompaniment to drama, notably kabuki and bunraku. Both men and women traditionally played the shamisen. The most famous and perhaps most demanding of the narrative styles is gidayū, named after Takemoto Gidayū (1651–1714), who was heavily involved in the bunraku puppet-theater tradition in Osaka. The gidayū shamisen and its plectrum are the largest of the shamisen family, and the singer-narrator is required to speak the roles of the play, as well as to sing all the commentaries on the action. The singer-narrator role is often so vocally taxing that the performers are changed halfway through a scene. There is little notated in the books (\"maruhon\") of the tradition except the words and the names of certain appropriate generic shamisen responses. The shamisen player must know the entire work perfectly in order to respond effectively to the interpretations of the text by the singer-narrator. From the 19th century female performers known as \"onna-jōruri\" or \"onna gidayū\" also carried on this concert tradition. In the early part of the 20th century, blind musicians, including Shirakawa Gunpachirō (1909–1962), Takahashi Chikuzan (1910–1998), and sighted players such as Kida Rinshōei (1911–1979), evolved a new style of playing, based on traditional folk songs (\"min'yō\") but involving much improvisation and flashy fingerwork. This style - now known as Tsugaru-jamisen, after the home region of this style in the north of Honshū - continues to be relatively popular in Japan. The virtuosic Tsugaru-jamisen style is sometimes compared to bluegrass banjo. \"Kouta\" (小唄) is the style of song learned by geisha and maiko. Its name literally means \"small\" or \"short song,\" which contrasts with the music genre found in bunraku and kabuki, otherwise known as nagauta (long song). \"Jiuta\" (地唄), or literally \"earthen music\" is a more classical style of shamisen music. One contemporary shamisen player, Takeharu Kunimoto (1960-2015), played bluegrass music on the shamisen, having spent a year studying bluegrass at East Tennessee State University and performing with a bluegrass band based there. Another player using the Tsugaru-jamisen in non-traditional genres is Michihiro Sato, who plays free improvisation on the instrument. Japanese American jazz pianist Glenn Horiuchi played shamisen in his performances and recordings. A duo popular in Japan known as the Yoshida Brothers developed an energetic style of playing heavily influenced by fast aggressive soloing that emphasizes speed and twang; which is usually associated with rock music on the electric guitar. Metal guitarist Marty Friedman has often used a shamisen in his recordings to give a more exotic sound to his music. Takeshi Terauchi & Bunnys utilized shamisen played by Michiya Mihashi in combo with their instrumental rock group on their single \"Tsugaru Jongara Bushi\" with \"Dark Eyes\". Japanese extreme metal band Zenithrash played shamisen and shakuhachi in their latest album to achieve the band's ideal of Japanized extreme metal. Japanese rock musician Gackt opened his \"Sixth Day Seventh Night\" concerts in 2004 seated on stage with a shamisen, joined by two musicians from his band, GacktJOB, also playing shamisen. Japanese rock musician Miyavi has also played the shamisen on various occasions, incorporating its use in albums and during concerts (e.g. during the debut live of superband S.K.I.N concert at the 2007 Anime Expo convention at Long Beach, California on June 29, 2007). Japanese folk rock/metal band Wagakki Band takes several different traditional Japanese instruments and combines them with Western Rock and Vocaloid songs. One of their members, Beni Ninagawa, plays a tsugaru shamisen on albums and during concerts. American Tsugaru-jamisen player and guitarist Kevin Kmetz leads a rock band called God of Shamisen, which is based in Santa Cruz, California, and also plays the instrument with the band Estradasphere. Japanese traditional and jazz musician Hiromitsu Agatsuma incorporates a diverse mix of genres into his music. He arranged several jazz standards and other famous western songs for the shamisen on his latest album, \"Agatsuma Plays Standards\". His previous recordings displayed funk, electro music and traditional Japanese styles. The shamisen is also used in the music of pop speed metal band Babymetal; it can be seen in their music videos and is played live onstage. A magical shamisen is featured in the 2016 movie \"Kubo and the Two Strings\". In the movie, the main character (Kubo) uses its power to defeat his enemies and complete his quest. The instrument is featured in Regina Spektor's cover of \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps,\" which plays over the end credits and is included on the film's soundtrack. Shamisen The , also , is a three-stringed traditional Japanese musical instrument derived from the Chinese instrument \"sanxian\". It is played with a plectrum called a \"bachi\". The Japanese pronunciation is usually"
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"Chaos Ridden Years Chaos Ridden Years is a live album by Finnish melodic death metal band Children of Bodom. The release was released on Spinefarm Records both as a live album entitled \"Chaos Ridden Years\" on October, 2006 and the DVD version entitled Stockholm Knockout Live - Chaos Ridden Years on October 11, 2006, directed by Patric Ullaeus. The album is a live show from Arenan, Stockholm, Sweden and contains: a documentary of the band, the making of the album, deleted scenes, a photo gallery, and seven promotional videos. Laiho said in an interview with the Finnish music magazine \"Soundi\" that he did not want to record the DVD in Finland, because it was going to be an international release, and it would be ridiculous making speeches between the songs in English in the band's homeland Finland. Disc 1: Disc 2: Chaos Ridden Years Chaos Ridden Years is a live album by Finnish melodic death metal band Children of Bodom. The release was released on Spinefarm Records both as a live album entitled \"Chaos Ridden Years\" on October, 2006 and the DVD version entitled Stockholm Knockout Live - Chaos Ridden Years on October 11, 2006, directed by Patric Ullaeus. The"
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"Teodora Mirčić Teodora Mirčić (, ; born 3 March 1988) is a Serbian former tennis player. She has won three singles and 33 doubles titles on the ITF tour, and has also played for the Serbia Fed Cup team. Teodora Mirčić was born to Miomir and Draginja Mirčić in Belgrade, and also has a brother, Radovan. A great fan of sports, she cites hard as her favourite surface, and Roger Federer and Monica Seles her idols. Mirčić began training tennis aged 8 at Belgrade's tennis club \"As\". She trained at the Nick Bollettieri Tennis Academy in Bradenton, Florida with a full scholarship, and currently resides in Sarasota, Florida. Teodora Mirčić is one of the best doubles players Serbia has on ITF and WTA tour. She is the only female Serbian tennis player to win 33 doubles titles on ITF tour. In singles, Mirčić was always ranked amongst the top 5 in the country. As a young player she started competing on both WTA and ITF tournaments. She captured 3 singles and 33 doubles titles on ITF tour. As a young player, Mirčić played her first WTA Tour qualifications in 2005, at the Budapest Grand Prix, but lost in the first round. She then earned a wild card for the 2006 Budapest Grand Prix, losing to Kaia Kanepi in the first round. Tsvetana Pironkova defeated her in the first round of the 2008 Budapest Grand Prix in straight sets. In 2009, Mirčić played qualifications for two WTA Tour events, the Grand Prix SAR La Princesse Lalla Meryem and the Swedish Open, but lost both times. At the 2011 Poli-Farbe Budapest Grand Prix, she played singles qualifications, losing to Aleksandra Krunić in the second round. Along with Laura Thorpe, Mirčić competed in doubles at the 2011 Internazionali Femminili di Palermo. The pair defeated the fourth seeds Sorana Cîrstea and Andreja Klepač in a super tiebreak in the first round and later reached the semifinals. She lost to Karin Knapp in the last round of singles qualifying. Mirčić reached another doubles semifinal at a WTA event partnering Veronika Kapshay in Bad Gastein (July 2013) as well as a quarterfinal at the WTA Tashkent Open. Mirčić joined the Serbia Fed Cup team in 2008, playing with Jelena Janković, Ana Ivanovic and Ana Jovanović against Poland. Ivanovic defeated Urszula Radwańska, and then Janković defeated Agnieszka Radwańska, securing Serbia a place in World Group II. In the dead rubber, Mirčić and Jovanović lost to Klaudia Jans and Alicja Rosolska in straight sets. The same Serbian team played against Croatia. Mirčić lost her singles match, but Janković, Ivanovic and Jovanović defeated their opponents, with Serbia winning the tie 3–2. Mirčić and Jovanović also played a doubles match, but retired for a final 4–1 result. Mirčić has not played in the Fed Cup since 2008. Teodora Mirčić Teodora Mirčić (, ; born 3 March 1988) is a Serbian former tennis player. She has won three singles and 33 doubles titles on the ITF tour, and has also played"
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"Roland Berrill Roland Fabien Berrill (1897–1962) was an Australian who was the co-founder (with the English barrister Lancelot Ware) of Mensa, the international society for intellectually gifted people. Mensa was founded by Roland Berrill and Lancelot Ware at Lincoln College, Oxford, England on 1 October 1946. They originally called it the \"High IQ Club\". Lance Ware had the initial idea for the society, but Berrill founded Mensa in the usual sense: he supplied the start-up cash, wrote some initial idiosyncratic pamphlets and became Mensa's first Secretary. Berrill was an unashamed elitist, who regretted the passing of an aristocratic tradition. He regarded Mensa as \"an aristocracy of the intellect\". He noticed with some disappointment that a majority of Mensans appeared to have come from humble homes. At an early Mensa organizational meeting, one of the people present proposed that black people be excluded from Mensa. This was met by shocked silence. Then Berrill proposed that the motion be amended to exclude \"green people with yellow stripes\" instead. This amended motion passed, with one vote against. If the minutes of that meeting had not been lost, that statute might still be on the books of Mensa. Berrill died a few years later, having recruited in total around 400 people by self-administered IQ tests. Berrill was born in Australia in 1897, but left with his family in 1901 and went to London. Although he was called to the bar, he never practised as a barrister but lived on the dividends of his investments. He spent most of the rest of his life in England. He had brief trips to Tangier in 1936, New York City in 1937 and Durban, South Africa in 1959. On November 22, 1948, he spoke at the Socratic Club in Oxford, combining with Father Victor White, on the topic \"Beyond Myth and Dogma\" at Lady Margaret Hall. Berrill was thick-set and sturdy, with a full well-tended dark beard and moustache. He had confident, protruding eyes, and firm, pleasant voice that revealed his English upper-class schooling, not his antipodean birth. He believed in palmistry, phrenology, astrology and dianetics. These views were not popular within Mensa, and he was regarded by Mensans as \"deficient in normal scepticism\". Berrill was a member of the men's dress reform movement; he desired more colour in men's clothes, and objected to the uniformity common in those days. He never married. Roland Berrill Roland Fabien Berrill"
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"* JSR 354:Money and Currency API \n\n\n This version introduced a new versioning system for the Java language, although the old versioning system continued to be used for developer libraries:\n The first version was released on January 23, 1996 and called Oak. The first stable version, JDK 1.0.2, is called Java 1. \n Release | Release date | Highlights \n---|---|--- \nJava SE 8 | 2014-03-18 | Initial release \nJava SE 8 Update 5 | 2014-04-15 | Using \"*\" in Caller-Allowable-Codebase attribute; 11 bug fixes \nJava SE 8 Update 11 | 2014-07-15 | Java Dependency Analysis Tool (jdeps); Java Control Panel option to disable sponsors; JAR file attribute–Entry-Point; JAXP processing limit property–maxElementDepth; 18 security bug fixes, 15 bug fixes \nJava SE 8 Update 20 | 2014-08-19 | 669 bug fixes, JMC 5.4, String deduplication (disabled by default) \nJava SE 8 Update 25 | 2014-10-14 | 10 bug fixes \nJava SE 8 Update 31 | 2015-01-19 | 26 bug fixes; SSLv3 (disabled by default) \nJava SE 8 Update 40 | 2015-03-03 | 645 bug fixes, Added the notion of \"memory pressure\" to help indicate how much of system's memory is still available (low pressure = high memory, high pressure = low memory) \nJava SE 8 Update 45 | 2015-04-14 | 13 bug fixes \nJava SE 8 Update 51 | 2015-07-14 | Added support for native sandbox on Windows platforms (disabled by default); also, 25 security fixes, 14 bug fixes \nJava SE 8 Update 60 | 2015-08-18 | 480 bug fixes \nJava SE 8 Update 65 | 2015-10-20 | 25 security fixes, 3 bug fixes \nJava SE 8 Update 66 | 2015-11-16 | 15 bug fixes \nJava SE 8 Update 71 | 2016-01-19 | 8 security fixes, 5 bug fixes \nJava SE 8 Update 72 | 2016-01-19 | 8 security fixes, 5 bug fixes, several enhancements \nJava SE 8 Update 73 | 2016-02-03 | 1 security fix \nJava SE 8 Update 74 | 2016-02-03 | 1 security fix \nJava SE 8 Update 77 | 2016-03-23 | 1 security fix \nJava SE 8 Update 91 | 2016-04-19 | 9 security fixes, 4 bug fixes and enhancements \nJava SE 8 Update 92 | 2016-04-19 | Security and bug fixes from 8u91, plus 76 additional bug fixes; the ExitOnOutOfMemoryError and CrashOnOutOfMemoryError flags have been introduced \nJava SE 8 Update 101 | 2016-07-19 | Security and bug fixes from 8u92, plus 9 additional bug fixes \nJava SE 8 Update 102 | 2016-07-19 | Security and bug fixes from 8u101, plus 118 additional bug fixes \nJava SE 8 Update 111 | 2016-10-18 | Security fixes and 9 bug fixes \nJava SE 8 Update 112 | 2016-10-18 | Additional features and 139 bug fixes over 8u111 \nJava SE 8 Update 121 | 2017-01-17 | 3 additional features, 5 changes, and 11 bug fixes over 8u112. \nJava SE 8 Update 131 | 2017-04-18 | 4 changes and 42 bug fixes (2 notable). \nJava SE 8 Update 141 | 2017-07-18 | Additional feature, 3 changes and 12 bug fixes. \nJava SE 8 Update 144 | 2017-07-26 | Security fixes and bug fixes from 8u141. \n Release | Release date | Highlights \n---|---|--- \nJava SE 9 | 2017-09-21 | Initial release \n Release | Release date | Highlights \n---|---|--- \nJava SE 6 | 2006-12-23 | This release adds many enhancements in the fields of Web services, scripting, databases, pluggable annotations, and security, as well as quality, compatibility, and stability. JConsole is now officially supported. Java DB support has been added. \nJava SE 6 Update 1 | 2007-05-07 | \nJava SE 6 Update 2 | 2007-07-03 | \nJava SE 6 Update 3 | 2007-10-03 | \nJava SE 6 Update 4 | 2008-01-14 | HotSpot VM 10 \nJava SE 6 Update 5 | 2008-03-05 | Several security flaws were eliminated. New root certificates from AOL, DigiCert, and TrustCenter are now included. \nJava SE 6 Update 6 | 2008-04-16 | A workaround for the infamous Xlib/XCB locking assertion issue was introduced. A memory leak when using Kerberos authentication with LoginContext was fixed. Several other bugs were fixed. \nJava SE 6 Update 7 | | Unofficially, Java SE 6 Update 7 (1.6.0.7) is the last version of Java that was shown to be working on the Win9x family of operating systems \nJava SE 6 Update 10 | 2008-10-15 | HotSpot VM 11. Major changes for this update include:\n\n * Java Deployment Toolkit, a set of JavaScript functions to ease the deployment of applets and Java Web Start applications. \n * Java Kernel, a small installer including only the most commonly used JRE classes. Other packages are downloaded when needed. \n * Enhanced updater. \n * Enhanced versioning and pack200 support:server-side support is no longer required. \n * Java Quick Starter, to improve cold start-up time. \n * Improved performance of Java2D graphics primitives on Windows, using Direct3D and hardware acceleration. \n * A new Swing look and feel called Nimbus and based on synth. \n * Next-Generation Java Plug-In:applets now run in a separate process and support many features of Web Start applications. \n\n \nJava SE 6 Update 11 | 2008-12-03 | 13 security fixes \nJava SE 6 Update 12 | 2008-12-12 | No security fixes; 64-bit Java plug-in (for 64-bit web browsers only); Windows Server 2008 support; performance improvements of graphics and JavaFX applications \nJava SE 6 Update 13 | 2009-03-24 | 7 security fixes, JNDI store and retrieve Java objects in LDAP slightly modified, JMX Change (createMBeanunregisterMBean), 4 new root certificates added \nJava SE 6 Update 14 | 2009-05-28 | HotSpot VM 14. This release includes extensive performance updates to the JIT compiler, compressed pointers for 64-bit machines, as well as support for the G1 (Garbage First) low-pause garbage collector. \n\nThe-XX:+DoEscapeAnalysis option directs the HotSpot JIT compiler to use escape analysis to determine if local objects can be allocated on the stack instead of the heap.",
"The-XX:+DoEscapeAnalysis option directs the HotSpot JIT compiler to use escape analysis to determine if local objects can be allocated on the stack instead of the heap. \n\nSome developers have noticed an issue introduced in this release which causes debuggers to miss breakpoints seemingly randomly. Sun has a corresponding bug, which is tracking the issue. The workaround applies to the Client and Server VMs. Using the-XX:+UseParallelGC option will prevent the failure. Another workaround is to roll back to update 13, or to upgrade to update 16. \n \nJava SE 6 Update 15 | 2009-08-04 | Introduced patch-in-place functionality \nJava SE 6 Update 16 | 2009-08-11 | Fixed the issue introduced in update 14 which caused debuggers to miss breakpoints \nJava SE 6 Update 17 | 2009-11-04 | Security fixes; two new root certificates \nJava SE 6 Update 18 | 2010-01-13 | No security fixes; Hotspot VM 16; support for Ubuntu 8.04 LTS Desktop Edition, SLES 11, Windows 7, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.3, Firefox 3.6, VisualVM 1.2; updated Java DB; many performance improvements \nJava SE 6 Update 19 | 2010-03-30 | Security fixes; root certificate changes:seven new, three removed, five replaced with stronger signature algorithms; interim fix for TLS renegotiation attack \nJava SE 6 Update 20 | 2010-04-15 | 2 security fixes \nJava SE 6 Update 21 | 2010-07-07 | No security fixes; Hotspot VM 17; support for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.4 and 5.5, Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.8, 5.4, 5.5; Google Chrome 4 support; support for Customized Loading Progress Indicators; VisualVM 1.2.2 \nJava SE 6 Update 22 | 2010-10-12 | 29 security fixes; RFC 5746 support \nJava SE 6 Update 23 | 2010-12-08 | No security fixes; Hotspot VM 19; better support for right-to-left languages \nJava SE 6 Update 24 | 2011-02-15 | 21 security fixes; updated Java DB \nJava SE 6 Update 25 | 2011-03-21 | No security fixes; Hotspot VM 20; support for Internet Explorer 9, Firefox 4 and Chrome 10; improved BigDecimal; includes \"tiered\" compilation in the Server VM that enables it to start quickly as does the Client VM, while achieving better peak performance (this feature is enabled by specifying-server and-XX:+TieredCompilation command options) \nJava SE 6 Update 26 | 2011-06-07 | 17 new security fixes; last version compatible with Windows Vista SP1 \nJava SE 6 Update 27 | 2011-08-16 | No security fixes; certification for Firefox 5 \nJava SE 6 Update 29 | 2011-10-18 | 20 security fixes, various bug fixes \nJava SE 6 Update 30 | 2011-12-12 | No security fixes; fix for SSL regression in Update 29; support for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 \nJava SE 6 Update 31 | 2012-02-14 | 14 security fixes and one bug fix; last version work reliably for Windows 2000 \nJAVA SE 6 Update 32 | 2012-04-26 | No security fixes, various bug fixes \nJava SE 6 Update 33 | 2012-06-12 | 14 security fixes, improved VM configuration file loading \nJava SE 6 Update 34 | 2012-08-14 | No security fixes, various bug fixes \nJava SE 6 Update 35 | 2012-08-30 | Contains a security-in-depth fix \nJava SE 6 Update 37 | 2012-10-16 | 30 security fixes \nJava SE 6 Update 38 | 2012-12-11 | Various bug fixes \nJava SE 6 Update 39 | 2013-02-01 | 50 security fixes \nJava SE 6 Update 41 | 2013-02-19 | 5 security fixes \nJava SE 6 Update 43 | 2013-03-04 | 2 security fixes \nJava SE 6 Update 45 | 2013-04-16 | 42 security fixes; other changes; final public update. \nJava SE 6 Update 51 | 2013-06-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Apple Update for OS X Snow Leopard, Lion & Mountain Lion; up to 40 security fixes \nJava SE 6 Update 65 | 2013-10-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Apple Update for OS X Snow Leopard, Lion & Mountain Lion; at least 11 critical security fixes \nJava SE 6 Update 71 | 2014-01-14 | Not available for public download; 33 fixes \nJava SE 6 Update 75 | 2014-04-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster no. #54; 25 security fixes \nJava SE 6 Update 81 | 2014-07-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 11 security fixes \nJava SE 6 Update 85 | 2014-10-16 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 18 security fixes \nJava SE 6 Update 91 | 2015-01-21 | Linux x64 and Windows i586 versions are available as the Java SE 6 Reference Implementation. Other versions are only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 15 security fixes \nJava SE 6 Update 95 | 2015-04-14 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 14 security fixes \nJava SE 6 Update 101 | 2015-07-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 18 security fixes Certification for IE 10 and 11 was introduced in 1.6.0_101 \nJava SE 6 Update 105 | 2015-10-20 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 17 security fixes \nJava SE 6 Update 111 | 2016-01-20 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 13 security fixes \nJava SE 6 Update 113 | 2016-02-05 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 1 security fix \nJava SE 6 Update 115 | 2016-04-21 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 8 security fixes \nJava SE 6 Update 121 | 2016-07-19 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 15 security fixes \nJava SE 6 Update 131 | 2016-10-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 13 security fixes \nJava SE 6 Update 141 | 2017-01-17 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 17 security fixes \nJava SE 6 Update 151 | 2017-04-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 10 security fixes \nJava SE 6 Update 161 | 2017-07-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 5 security fixes \n J2SE 5.0 entered its end-of-public-updates period on April 8, 2008; updates are no longer available to the public as of November 3, 2009. Updates were available to paid Oracle customers until May 2015. \n * JVM support for dynamic languages, with the new invokedynamic bytecode under JSR-292, following the prototyping work currently done on the Multi Language Virtual Machine \n * Compressed 64-bit pointers (available in Java 6 with-XX:+UseCompressedOops) \n * These small language changes (grouped under a project named Coin):",
"Oracle issued public updates to the Java 7 family on a quarterly basis until April 2015 when the product reached the end of its support lifecycle. \n There is speculation of introducing objects without identity (value types), as well as moving towards 64-bit addressable arrays to support large data sets. \n Release | Release date | Highlights \n---|---|--- \nJava SE 7 | 2011-07-28 | Initial release; HotSpot VM 21 \nJava SE 7 Update 1 | 2011-10-18 | 20 security fixes, other bug fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 2 | 2011-12-12 | No security fixes; HotSpot VM 22; reliability and performance improvements; support for Solaris 11 and Firefox 5 and later; JavaFX included with Java SE JDK, improvements for web-deployed applications \nJava SE 7 Update 3 | 2012-02-14 | 14 security fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 4 | 2012-04-26 | No security updates; HotSpot VM 23; JDK Support for Mac OS X \nJava SE 7 Update 5 | 2012-06-12 | 14 security fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 6 | 2012-08-14 | JavaFX and Java Access Bridge included in Java SE JDK and JRE installation, JavaFX support for touch-enabled monitors and touch pads, JavaFX support for Linux, JDK and JRE Support for Mac OS X, JDK for Linux on ARM \nJava SE 7 Update 7 | 2012-08-30 | 4 security fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 9 | 2012-10-16 | 30 security vulnerabilities fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 10 | 2012-12-11 | New security features, such as the ability to disable any Java application from running in the browser and new dialogs to warn you when the JRE is insecure, and bug fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 11 | 2013-01-13 | Olson Data 2012i; bugfix for problems with registration of plugin on systems with Stand-alone version of JavaFX Installed, security fixes for CVE-2013-0422; the default security level for Java applets and web start applications has been increased from \"Medium\" to \"High\" \nJava SE 7 Update 13 | 2013-02-01 | 50 security fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 15 | 2013-02-19 | 5 security fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 17 | 2013-03-04 | 2 security fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 21 | 2013-04-16 | Multiple changes including 42 security fixes, a new Server JRE that doesn't include the plug-in, and the JDK for Linux on ARM \nJava SE 7 Update 25 | 2013-06-18 | Multiple changes including 40 security fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 40 | 2013-09-10 | 621 bug fixes, New security features, hardfloat ARM, Java Mission Control 5.2 and Retina Display support \nJava SE 7 Update 45 | 2013-10-15 | 51 security fixes; protections against unauthorized redistribution of Java applications; restore security prompts; JAXP changes; TimeZone. setDefault change \nJava SE 7 Update 51 | 2014-01-14 | 36 security fixes; block JAVA applets without manifest (like Remote console–Java Applet–IBM IMM card, HP iLO card) even if warning dialog is with sentence \"will be blocked in next version\", 17 bug fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 55 | 2014-04-15 | 37 security fixes, 19 bug fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 60 | 2014-05-28 | Java Mission Control 5.3, 130 bug fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 65 | 2014-07-15 | 18 bug fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 67 | 2014-08-04 | 1 bug fix \nJava SE 7 Update 71 | 2014-10-14 | 16 bug fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 72 | 2014-10-14 | Same release date with Update 71 as a corresponding Patch Set Update (PSU) for Java SE 7, 36 bug fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 75 | 2015-01-20 | 12 bug fixes, SSLv3 disabled by default \nJava SE 7 Update 76 | 2015-01-20 | Same release date with Update 75 as a corresponding Patch Set Update (PSU) for Java SE 7, 97 bug fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 79 | 2015-04-14 | 21 security fixes, 6 bug fixes, \nJava SE 7 Update 80 | 2015-04-14 | Last public release of Java 7; same release date with Update 79 as a corresponding Patch Set Update (PSU) for Java SE 7, 104 bug fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 85 | 2015-07-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 25 security fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 91 | 2015-10-20 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 20 security fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 95 | 2016-01-19 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 8 security fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 97 | 2016-02-05 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 1 security fix \nJava SE 7 Update 99 | 2016-03-23 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 1 security fix \nJava SE 7 Update 101 | 2016-04-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 22 security fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 111 | 2016-07-19 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 36 security fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 121 | 2016-10-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 32 security fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 131 | 2017-01-17 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 34 security fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 141 | 2017-04-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 8 security fixes \nJava SE 7 Update 151 | 2017-07-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 4 security fixes \n * Concurrency utilities under JSR 166 \n * New file I/O library (defined by JSR 203) adding support for multiple file systems, file metadata and symbolic links. The new packages are java. nio. file, java. nio. file. attribute and java. nio. file. spi \n * Timsort is used to sort collections and arrays of objects instead of merge sort \n * Library-level support for elliptic curve cryptography algorithms \n * An XRender pipeline for Java 2D, which improves handling of features specific to modern GPUs \n * New platform APIs for the graphics features originally implemented in version 6u10 as unsupported APIs \n * Enhanced library-level support for new network protocols, including SCTP and Sockets Direct Protocol \n * Upstream updates to XML and Unicode \n * Java Deployment Rulesets",
"Java 9 is the only publicly supported version, while after public support periods of older versions has ended, non-public updates have been issued for Java 7 and earlier. \n There were also the following improvements to the standard libraries:\n Release | Release date | Highlights \n---|---|--- \nJava SE 5 | 2004-10-4 | Metadata, generic types, autoboxing and auto-unboxing of primitive types, enhanced for loop, enumerated types, static import, formatted I/O, varargs, and concurrency utilities. Improved startup time and memory footprint. Sharing of read-only data between multiple running JVMs. Remote monitoring and management. A new JVM profiling API. Programmatic generation of stack traces. Support for XML 1.1 with Namespaces, XML Schema, SAX 2.0.2, DOM Level 3, and XSLT with a fast XLSTC compiler. Unicode 4.0 support. \nJava SE 5 Update 1 | 2004-12-25 | 50 bugs have been fixed. \nJava SE 5 Update 2 | 2005-03-16 | A few crashes were fixed. The program is now compiled with better optimization. Calendar bugfixes and other bugfixes were made. \nJava SE 5 Update 3 | 2005-05-03 | This release fixes several bugs, including crashes of the Linux Mozilla plugin. \nJava SE 5 Update 4 | 2005-07-04 | With the release, J2SE support for Windows 64-bit has progressed from release candidate to final release. This version runs on AMD64/EM64T 64-bit mode machines with Windows Server 2003 x64 Editions. \nJava SE 5 Update 5 | 2005-09-18 | Several bugs were fixed and performance enhancements were made. Last release for Windows 95 and Windows NT 4.0. \nJava SE 5 Update 6 | 2005-12-07 | Prior to this update, an applet or application could specify the version of the JRE on which it would run. This has changed. All applets are executed with the latest JRE version. \nJava SE 5 Update 7 | 2006-05-29 | Several bugs were fixed and performance enhancements were made. \nJava SE 5 Update 8 | 2006-08-13 | Several bugs were fixed and performance enhancements were made. \nJava SE 5 Update 9 | 2006-11-12 | This release fixes several minor regressions. \nJava SE 5 Update 10 | 2006-12-22 | An implementation of the epoll I/O event notification facility, supported by Linux 2.6, was added. Many bugs were fixed. \nJava SE 5 Update 11 | 2007-03-08 | Several bugs were fixed and performance enhancements were made. \nJava SE 5 Update 12 | 2007-06-11 | \nJava SE 5 Update 13 | 2007-10-05 | Multiple security vulnerabilities in Java Web Start relating to local file access were fixed. A security vulnerability in the JRE allowing network access restrictions to be circumvented was fixed. Several other security issues and minor bugs were fixed. \nJava SE 5 Update 14 | | \nJava SE 5 Update 15 | 2008-03-06 | Several crashes due to heap buffer out-of-bounds were fixed, along with several other bugs. New root certificates from AOL, DigiCert, and TrustCenter are now included. \nJava SE 5 Update 16 | 2008-07-23 | This release fixes several security flaws, such as DoS vulnerabilities, buffer overflows, and other bugs which could lead to crashes or which would give applets access to certain system resources. These vulnerabilities were located in Java Web Start, in the Java Management Extensions (JMX) Management Agent, and in the functions for handling XML data. \nJava SE 5 Update 17 | 2008-12-03 | The UTF-8 charset implementation was updated to handle the non-shortest form of UTF-8 byte sequences, introducing an incompatibility from previous releases. New root certificates were added. Many bugs were fixed. \nJava SE 5 Update 18 | 2009-03-25 | Several security issues were resolved. The behavior of the JNDI feature to store and retrieve Java objects in an LDAP directory was slightly modified. Five new root certificates were added. Many bugs were fixed. \nJava SE 5 Update 19 | 2009-05-29 | Support was added for several system configurations. Service Tag support was added. Many bugs were fixed, including several crashes and memory leaks. \nJava SE 5 Update 20 | 2009-08-06 | Several security vulnerabilities were resolved, such as potential system access by untrusted applets, and integer overflows in image processing and in Unpack200. Several new root certificates were added. Many other minor bugs were fixed. \nJava SE 5 Update 21 | 2009-09-09 | Many minor bugs were fixed. \nJava SE 5 Update 22 | 2009-11-04 | This release marks the End of Service Life (EOSL) for Java 5, and is its final public version. Several security vulnerabilities, reported as Sun Alerts 269868, 270474, 270475, and 270476, were fixed. Several other bugs were fixed. Furthermore, two new root certificates were added. \nJava SE 5 Update 23 | 2010-01-13 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 32 security fixes. \nJava SE 5 Update 24 | 2010-04-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 2 security fixes. \nJava SE 5 Update 25 | 2010-07-07 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 26 security fixes. \nJava SE 5 Update 26 | 2010-10-12 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 2 security fixes. \nJava SE 5 Update 27 | 2010-12-08 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 22 security fixes. \nJava SE 5 Update 28 | 2011-02-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 22 security fixes \nJava SE 5 Update 29 | 2011-03-21 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 21 security fixes. \nJava SE 5 Update 30 | 2011-06-07 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 1 security fix. \nJava SE 5 Update 31 | 2011-08-16 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 10 security fixes. \nJava SE 5 Update 32 | 2011-10-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 20 security fixes \nJava SE 5 Update 33 | 2011-12-12 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 21 security fixes. \nJava SE 5 Update 34 | 2012-02-14 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 14 security fixes \nJava SE 5 Update 35 | 2012-04-26 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 5 security fixes. \nJava SE 5 Update 36 | 2012-06-12 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 14 security fixes \nJava SE 5 Update 38 | 2012-08-14 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 30 security fixes \nJava SE 5 Update 39 | 2013-02-19 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 50 security fixes \nJava SE 5 Update 40 | 2013-02-19 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 5 security fixes",
"Java SE 5 Update 36 | 2012-06-12 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 14 security fixes \nJava SE 5 Update 38 | 2012-08-14 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 30 security fixes \nJava SE 5 Update 39 | 2013-02-19 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 50 security fixes \nJava SE 5 Update 40 | 2013-02-19 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 5 security fixes \nJava SE 5 Update 41 | 2013-03-04 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 2 security fixes \nJava SE 5 Update 45 | 2013-04-16 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 42 security fixes \nJava SE 5 Update 51 | 2013-06-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 40 security fixes \nJava SE 5 Update 55 | 2013-10-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 51 security fixes \nJava SE 5 Update 61 | 2014-01-14 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 36 security fixes \nJava SE 5 Update 65 | 2014-04-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 37 security fixes \nJava SE 5 Update 71 | 2014-07-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 20 security fixes \nJava SE 5 Update 75 | 2014-10-16 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 25 security fixes \nJava SE 5 Update 81 | 2015-01-21 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 19 security fixes \nJava SE 5 Update 85 | 2015-04-14 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 14 security fixes \n Java 6 reached the end of its supported life in February 2013, at which time all public updates, including security updates, were scheduled to be stopped. Oracle released two more updates to Java 6 in March and April 2013, which patched some security vulnerabilities. \n * HotSpot JVM included (the HotSpot JVM was first released in April 1999 for the J2SE 1.2 JVM) \n * RMI was modified to support optional compatibility with CORBA \n * Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) included in core libraries (previously available as an extension) \n * Java Platform Debugger Architecture (JPDA) \n * JavaSound \n * Synthetic proxy classes",
"This correspondence continued through later releases (Java 6 = JDK 1.6, Java 7 = JDK 1.7, and so on). \n * Support for older Win9x versions dropped; unofficially, Java 6 Update 7 was the last release of Java shown to work on these versions of Windows. This is believed to be due to the major changes in Update 10. \n * Scripting Language Support (JSR 223):Generic API for tight integration with scripting languages, and built-in Mozilla JavaScript Rhino integration. \n * Dramatic performance improvements for the core platform, and Swing. \n * Improved Web Service support through JAX-WS (JSR 224). \n * JDBC 4.0 support (JSR 221). \n * Java Compiler API (JSR 199):an API allowing a Java program to select and invoke a Java Compiler programmatically. \n * Upgrade of JAXB to version 2.0:Including integration of a StAX parser. \n * Support for pluggable annotations (JSR 269). \n * Many GUI improvements, such as integration of SwingWorker in the API, table sorting and filtering, and true Swing double-buffering (eliminating the gray-area effect). \n * JVM improvements include:synchronization and compiler performance optimizations, new algorithms and upgrades to existing garbage collection algorithms, and application start-up performance. \n\n\n Codename Kestrel. The most notable changes in the May 8, 2000 release were:\n * Language changes \n * assert keyword (specified in JSR 41) \n * Library improvements \n * Regular expressions modeled after Perl regular expressions \n * Exception chaining allows an exception to encapsulate original lower-level exception \n * Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) support \n * Non-blocking IO (named New Input/Output, NIO) (specified in JSR 51) \n * Logging API (specified in JSR 47) \n * Image I/O API for reading and writing images in formats like JPEG and PNG \n * Integrated XML parser and XSLT processor (JAXP) (specified in JSR 5 and JSR 63) \n * Integrated security and cryptography extensions (JCE, JSSE, JAAS) \n * Java Web Start included (Java Web Start was first released in March 2001 for J2SE 1.3) (specified in JSR 56) \n * Preferences API (java. util. prefs) \n\n\n Work on features was organized in terms of JDK Enhancement Proposals (JEPs). \n * Automatic stub generation for RMI objects \n * Swing:New skinnable look and feel, called synth \n * The concurrency utilities in package java. util. concurrent \n * Scanner class for parsing data from various input streams and buffers \n\n\n * strictfp keyword \n * the Swing graphical API was integrated into the core classes \n * Sun's JVM was equipped with a JIT compiler for the first time \n * Java plug-in \n * Java IDL, an IDL implementation for CORBA interoperability \n * Collections framework \n\n\n Java 7 (codename Dolphin) is a major update that was launched on July 7, 2011 and was made available for developers on July 28, 2011. The development period was organized into thirteen milestones; on June 6, 2011, the last of the thirteen milestones was finished. On average, 8 builds (which generally included enhancements and bug fixes) were released per milestone. The feature list at the OpenJDK 7 project lists many of the changes. \n Lambda (Java's implementation of lambda functions), Jigsaw (Java's implementation of modules), and part of Coin were dropped from Java 7, and released as part of Java 8 (except for Jigsaw, which will be in Java 9). \n * JSR 376:Modularization of the JDK under Project Jigsaw (Java Platform Module System) \n * JEP222:jshell:The Java Shell (a Java REPL) \n * JEP295:Ahead-of-Time Compilation \n * JEP268:XML Catalogs \n * JEP266:More Concurrency Updates. It includes a Java implementation of Reactive Streams, including a new Flow class that will include the interfaces currently provided by Reactive Streams. \n * JEP193:Variable Handles:Define a standard means to invoke the equivalents of various java. util. concurrent. atomic and sun. misc. Unsafe operations \n * JEP282:jlink:The Java Linker:Create a tool that can assemble and optimize a set of modules and their dependencies into a custom run-time image. It effectively allows to produce a fully usable executable including the JVM to run it.",
"The Java language has undergone several changes since JDK 1.0 as well as numerous additions of classes and packages to the standard library. Since J2SE 1.4, the evolution of the Java language has been governed by the Java Community Process (JCP), which uses Java Specification Requests (JSRs) to propose and specify additions and changes to the Java platform. The language is specified by the Java Language Specification (JLS); changes to the JLS are managed under JSR 901. \n At JavaOne 2011, Oracle discussed features they hoped to release for Java 9 in 2016. Java 9 should include better support for multi-gigabyte heaps, better native code integration, a different default garbage collector (G1, for \"shorter response times\") and a self-tuning JVM. In early 2016, the release of Java 9 was rescheduled for March 2017, later again postponed four more months to July 2017, and changed again to be finally available on September 21, 2017, due to controversial acceptance of the current implementation of Project Jigsaw by Java Executive Committee, which led Oracle to fix some open issues and concerns, and to refine some critical technical questions. In the last days of June 2017, Java Community Process expressed nearly unanimous consensus on the proposed Module System scheme. \n Release | Year \n---|--- \nJDK Beta | \nJDK 1.0 | \nJDK 1.1 | \nJ2SE 1.2 | 1998 \nJ2SE 1.3 | 2000 \nJ2SE 1.4 | 2002 \nJ2SE 5.0 | \nJava SE 6 | 2006 \nJava SE 7 | 2011 \nJava SE 8 | 2014 \nJava SE 9 | 2017 \n OpenJDK is a free and open source implementation of the Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE). \n The first Java 9 release candidate was released on August 9, 2017. The first stable release of Java 9 was on September 21, 2017. \n In addition to the language changes, much more dramatic changes have been made to the Java Class Library over the years, which has grown from a few hundred classes in JDK 1.0 to over three thousand in J2SE 5. Entire new APIs, such as Swing and Java2D, have been introduced, and many of the original JDK 1.0 classes and methods have been deprecated. Some programs allow conversion of Java programs from one version of the Java platform to an older one (for example Java 5.0 backported to 1.4) (see Java backporting tools). \n Codename Playground. The release on December 8, 1998 and subsequent releases through J2SE 5.0 were rebranded retrospectively Java 2 and the version name \"J2SE\" (Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition) replaced JDK to distinguish the base platform from J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition) and J2ME (Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition). This was a very significant release of Java as it tripled the size of the Java platform to 1520 classes in 59 packages. Major additions included:\n From October 2014, Java 8 was the default version to download from the official website. \"Oracle will not post further updates of Java SE 8 to its public download sites for commercial use after September 2018\". \n Both version numbers \"1.5.0\" and \"5.0\" are used to identify this release of the Java 2 Platform Standard Edition. Version \"5.0\" is the product version, while \"1.5.0\" is the developer version. The number \"5.0\" is used to better reflect the level of maturity, stability, scalability and security of the J2SE. \n * Generics:provides compile-time (static) type safety for collections and eliminates the need for most typecasts (type conversion) (specified by JSR 14) \n * Metadata:also called annotations; allows language constructs such as classes and methods to be tagged with additional data, which can then be processed by metadata-aware utilities (specified by JSR 175) \n * Autoboxing/unboxing:automatic conversions between primitive types (such as int) and primitive wrapper classes (such as Integer) (specified by JSR 201) \n * Enumerations:the enum keyword creates a typesafe, ordered list of values (such as Day. MONDAY, Day. TUESDAY, etc.); previously this could only be achieved by non-typesafe constant integers or manually constructed classes (typesafe enum pattern) (specified by JSR 201) \n * Varargs:the last parameter of a method can now be declared using a type name followed by three dots (e.g. void drawtext ( String ... lines) ); in the calling code any number of parameters of that type can be used and they are then placed in an array to be passed to the method, or alternatively the calling code can pass an array of that type \n * Enhanced for each loop:the for loop syntax is extended with special syntax for iterating over each member of either an array or any Iterable, such as the standard Collection classes (specified by JSR 201) \n * Improved semantics of execution for multi-threaded Java programs; the new Java memory model addresses issues of complexity, effectiveness, and performance of previous specifications \n * Static imports \n\n\n During the development phase, new builds including enhancements and bug fixes were released approximately weekly. Beta versions were released in February and June 2006, leading up to a final release that occurred on December 11, 2006. \n Codename Tiger. The release on September 30, 2004 was originally numbered 1.5, which is still used as the internal version number. The number was changed to \"better reflect the level of maturity, stability, scalability and security of the J2SE\". This version was developed under JSR 176. \n * JSR 335, JEP126:Language-level support for lambda expressions (officially, lambda expressions; unofficially, closures) under Project Lambda and default methods (virtual extension methods) which allow the addition of methods to interfaces without breaking existing implementations. There was an ongoing debate in the Java community on whether to add support for lambda expressions. Sun later declared that lambda expressions would be included in Java and asked for community input to refine the feature. Supporting lambda expressions also allows the performance of functional-style operations on streams of elements, such as MapReduce-inspired transformations on collections. Default methods allow an author of an API to add new methods to an interface without breaking the old code using it. Although it was not their primary intent, default methods also allow multiple inheritance of behavior (but not state). \n\n\n Java 5 was first available on Apple Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger) and was the default version of Java installed on Apple Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard). \n Major additions in the release on February 19, 1997 included:\n After Java 6 release, Sun, and later Oracle, released several updates which, while not changing any public API, enhanced end-user usability or fixed bugs. \n \n\n * Strings in switch \n * Automatic resource management in try-statement \n * Improved type inference for generic instance creation, aka the diamond operator < > \n * Simplified varargs method declaration \n * Binary integer literals \n * Allowing underscores in numeric literals \n * Catching multiple exception types and rethrowing exceptions with improved type checking \n\n\n Java 6 can be installed to Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard) running on 64-bit (Core 2 Duo and higher) processor machines. Java 6 is also supported by both 32-bit and 64-bit machines running Mac OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard). \n Public support and security updates for Java 1.4 ended in October 2008. Paid security updates for Oracle customers ended in February 2013. \n * JSR 223, JEP174:Project Nashorn, a JavaScript runtime which allows developers to embed JavaScript code within applications \n * JSR 308, JEP104:Annotation on Java Types \n * Unsigned Integer Arithmetic \n * JSR 337, JEP120:Repeating annotations \n * JSR 310, JEP150:Date and Time API \n * JEP178:Statically-linked JNI libraries \n * JEP153:Launch JavaFX applications (direct launching of JavaFX application JARs) \n * JEP122:Remove the permanent generation",
"Before OpenJDK, several free Java implementations were made by various companies and groups. One example is Apache Harmony. IBM also provides Java implementations, and Red Hat provides it through the IcedTea project:a build and integration project for OpenJDK. \n Public support and security updates for Java 1.5 ended in November 2009. Paid security updates for Oracle customers ended in April 2015. \n In September 2017, Mark Reinhold, chief Architect of the Java Platform, proposed to change the release train to \"one feature release every six months\" rather than the current two-year schedule. \n Tiger added a number of significant new language features:\n Major changes included in this version:\n Java 5 is the last release of Java to officially support the Microsoft Windows 98 and Windows ME, while Windows Vista is the newest version of Windows that J2SE 5 was supported on prior to Java 5 going end of life in October 2009. \n Java 7 was the default version to download on java.com from April 2012 until Java 8 was released. \n * an extensive retooling of the AWT event model \n * inner classes added to the language \n * JavaBeans \n * JDBC \n * RMI \n * reflection which supported Introspection only, no modification at runtime was possible. \n * JIT (Just In Time) compiler on Microsoft Windows platforms, produced for JavaSoft by Symantec \n * Internationalization and Unicode support originating from Taligent \n\n\n Java 8 is not supported on Windows XP but as of JDK 8 update 25, it can still be installed and run under Windows XP. Previous updates of JDK 8 could be run under XP, but had to be installed after a forced installation by directly unzipping files from the installation executable. \n Codename Merlin. The February 6, 2002 release was the first release of the Java platform developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 59. Major changes included:\n Java 8 (codename:Spider) was released on March 18, 2014, and included some features that were planned for Java 7 but later deferred. \n Codename Mustang. As of the version released on December 11, 2006, Sun replaced the name \"J2SE\" with Java SE and dropped the ``. 0\" from the version number. Internal numbering for developers remains 1.6.0. This version was developed under JSR 270. \n Java 5 Update 5 (1.5.0_05) is the last release of Java to work on Windows 95 (with Internet Explorer 5.5 installed) and Windows NT 4.0."
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"Mossburn Mossburn is a small town in the northern Southland region of New Zealand. It is situated 113 km south of Queenstown, 59 km east of Te Anau and 100 km north of Invercargill. It had a usually resident population of 210 according to the 2013 New Zealand census. The town is located in a very scenic area, with the mountains of Fiordland creating a beautiful backdrop, with the West Dome (1,271 m) and Mt Hamilton (1,487 m) being prominent land marks. The town's main industry is agriculture, with many dairy, cattle, deer, and sheep farms nearby. The town was originally based situated around the four original stations; Centre Hill, Castlerock, West Dome and Dunrobin. Dairy farming has become the major industry of the area. Many large dairy farms have been established over the past ten years, converting from past sheep and other mixed farming activities. . In the 1890s Mossburn farmer George Chewings developed a successful grass seed for the district’s infertile soil. Chewings fescue Festuca rubra subsp. commutata was an ideal constituent in lawn turfs around the world and was used on the playing surface Wimbledon and landing strips in World War 2. Mossburn lays claim to being the Deer Capital of New Zealand. This is based on the origins of the successful live deer recovery in the wild by helicopter and subsequent first deer farm in New Zealand being established in 1972. This was spurred on by the high venison prices at the time and the near epidemic population levels of red deer in the wild after their introduction earlier in the century. There still remains many deer farms in the community and the Silver Fern Farms venison processing plant which is a major employer for the community. Mossburn's greatest burst of economic activity came as a result of the construction of the Manapouri Power Station. The Mossburn Branch railway had terminated in the town since 1887 and was the closest railway terminus to the project. Previously, the line had been served by two mixed trains of both passengers and freight per week (only freight after 4 October 1937) from Lumsden on the Kingston Branch, but with the commencement of the Manapouri project as well as other government development programmes such as agricultural expansion, one and sometimes two trains would arrive daily from Invercargill. By the start of the 1980s, these projects were complete and the railway closed on 13 December 1982. The Railway Hotel (build 1922) remains as one of the towns social centers, and subsequent old railway lines have been converted into the Around the Mountains Cycle Trail. Around the Mountains Cycle Trail was one of the New Zealand Cycle Trail Quick-Start projects, with $4 million being allocated to complete the Walter Peak to Mossburn stage. Stage One was opened by Deputy Prime Minister, Bill English, in a ceremony at nearby Lumsden on 1 November 2014. The trail begins in Kingston utilizing old railway lines past Garston, Athol, Lumsden and Mossburn to then travels past the Mavora Lakes to end at Walter Peak. During the later part of 2006 and early part of 2007, White Hill Wind Farm was constructed with 29 turbines each of 2.0 MW. In total, it can produce enough electricity to power 30,000 homes when at full capacity. This brought further local employment and financial benefits to the district. The wind farm was officially opened by the Prime Minister of New Zealand, Helen Clark, on 8 June 2007. This project has been greatly supported by the local community and created interest in New Zealand as an example of an alternative energy resource. Now yearly there is a mountain bike race through the wind farm, the White Hill Classic, that draws in mountain biking enthusiasts from the within region and around the country. Mossburn Mossburn is a small town in the northern Southland region of New Zealand. It is situated 113 km south of Queenstown, 59 km east of Te Anau and 100 km north of Invercargill. It had a usually resident population of 210 according to the 2013 New Zealand census. The town is located in a very scenic area, with the mountains of Fiordland creating a beautiful backdrop, with the"
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"Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland The Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution Act 1995 (previously bill no. 15 of 1995) is an amendment of the Constitution of Ireland which removed the constitutional prohibition on divorce, and allowed for the dissolution of a marriage provided specified conditions were satisfied. It was approved by referendum on 24 November 1995 and signed into law on 17 June 1996. The Constitution of Ireland adopted in 1937 included a constitutional ban on divorce. A previous bill to amend this provision proposed by the Fine Gael–Labour Party government of Garret FitzGerald, the Tenth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 1986, was rejected in a referendum by 63.5% to 36.5%. In the intervening years, the Judicial Separation and Family Law Reform Act 1989 allowed for legal separation to be recognised by a court. The government made other legislative changes to address the issues identified in that referendum campaign, including the social welfare and pension rights of divorced spouses, which were copper fastened, and the abolition of the status of illegitimacy to remove any distinction between the rights of the children of first and subsequent unions. Shortly before its collapse, the 1989–92 government published a white paper on marriage breakdown, which proposed \"to have a referendum on divorce after a full debate on the complex issues involved and following the enactment of other legislative proposals in the area of family law\". In 1995, the Fine Gael–Labour Party–Democratic Left government of John Bruton proposed a new amendment to allow for divorce in specified circumstances. The Fifteenth Amendment deleted the following Article 41.3.2º of the Constitution: and substituted that subsection with the following: The Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution (No. 2) Bill 1995 was proposed in the Dáil on 27 October 1995 by Minister for Equality and Law Reform Mervyn Taylor. An amendment was proposed by Helen Keogh on behalf of the Progressive Democrats which would have allowed for legislation generally, without the restrictions proposed in the government's proposal: This amendment was rejected and the Bill passed final stages by the Dáil without division on 11 October. It was passed by the Seanad on 18 October and proceed to a referendum on 24 November 1995. The Catholic Church was strongly against the amendment, but stated that Catholics could vote for the amendment in good conscience, and that it would not be a sin to do so. The '± Yes 1986' column shows the percentage point change in the Yes vote compared to the Tenth Amendment of the Constitution Bill on a similar proposal rejected in a referendum in 1986. During the referendum, government funds were used to advertise in favour of a 'Yes' vote. One week before the referendum, Patricia McKenna, a Green Party MEP, successfully lodged a complaint against the government with the Supreme Court, and the advertising stopped. This Supreme Court decision led to legislation that would establish a Referendum Commission for each referendum, commencing with the Eighteenth Amendment in 1998. The returning officer submitted a provisional certificate of the result of the referendum in the High Court as required by the Referendum Act 1994. According to \"The Irish Times\", \"the polls taken at the time showed that, if anything, the end of the advertising campaign coincided with a halt in the slide of support for divorce\". Because of the use of Government funds for one side of the campaign, a petition against the result was lodged by Des Hanafin, a Fianna Fáil Senator and chairman of the Pro Life Campaign, which was dismissed by the High Court on 9 February 1996. Hanafin appealed to the Supreme Court, which in June upheld the High Court decision. The High Court then endorsed the provisional certificate on 14 June 1996. President Mary Robinson signed the amendment bill into law three days later. Before the referendum, a draft Family Law (Divorce) Bill was published to illustrate how the Constitutional provisions would be implemented if the amendment were passed. Once the Constitutional amendment came into force, the divorce bill was introduced in the Oireachtas on 27 June 1996 and signed into law on 27 November 1996. This gave effect in primary legislation to the new Constitutional provisions. Although this act, the Family Law (Divorce) Act, 1996, specified its own commencement date as 27 February 1997, the first divorce was granted on 17 January 1997, based solely on the constitutional amendment, to a dying man who wanted urgently to marry his new partner. Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland The Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution Act 1995 (previously bill no. 15 of 1995) is an amendment of the Constitution of Ireland which removed the constitutional prohibition on divorce, and allowed for the dissolution of a marriage provided specified conditions were satisfied. It was approved by referendum on 24 November 1995 and signed"
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"Kelly Clark Kelly Clark (born July 26, 1983) is an American snowboarder who won halfpipe gold at the 2002 Winter Olympics. Clark was born in Newport, Rhode Island. She started snowboarding when she was 7 years old, began competing in 1999, and became a member of the US Snowboard team in 2000. Kelly Clark trained for competitive snowboarding at Mount Snow Academy in Vermont and graduated in spring 2001. She won a gold medal for women's halfpipe at the 2002 Winter Olympics and competed in the halfpipe event again in the 2006 Winter Olympics. She ended up placing fourth behind fellow Americans Hannah Teter and Gretchen Bleiler, as well as Norwegian Kjersti Buaas. In the 2010 Vancouver Olympics Kelly won a bronze medal in the halfpipe after placing third behind American silver medalist Teter and Australian Torah Bright. In the TTR World Tour 2007/2008 season, she recorded eight podium finishes out of 12 contest entries, with five of those as TTR Titles including the 6Star Burton European Open, the 5Star Chevrolet Grand Prix and the 6Star season-ending Roxy Chicken Jam US. In the 2008/2009 World Tour she finished the season as Swatch TTR World Snowboard Tour Champion. Clark is based in Mammoth Lakes, California. In 2015 Clark received the Best Female Action Sports Athlete ESPY Award. Clark is a Christian. She now rides with a sticker on her snowboard proclaiming, \"Jesus, I cannot hide my love.\" Highlights of Swatch TTR 2009/2010 Season Highlights of Swatch TTR 2008/2009 Season Swatch TTR World Snowboard Tour Champion 2008/09 Victories on the Swatch TTR World Snowboard Tour (status: July 2010) Career Highlights https://www.teamusa.org/us-ski-and-snowboard/athletes/Kelly-Clark Kelly Clark Kelly Clark (born July 26, 1983) is an American snowboarder who won halfpipe gold at the 2002 Winter Olympics. Clark was born in Newport, Rhode Island. She started snowboarding"
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"Kamakura Valley The is a geographical area that is located in the Rokko Mountains, Hyōgo, Japan. This valley is a part of Setonaikai National Park in Japan. The name of Kamakura Valley originated in a historical episode that in the 13th century, Hōjō Tokiyori, one of Shikken, namely the regent for the shōgun in the Kamakura shogunate, visited this valley and praised the beauty. This valley is along Funazaka River, which is a branch of the Muko River. The length of the valley is about two kilometers. This valley was made by the river invaded liparite, so we can see high stone wall of liparite along the river.This valley has the famous Hyakujo Rock as the rand mark and a popular rock climbing spot of this region. Kamakura Valley The is a geographical area that is located in the Rokko Mountains, Hyōgo, Japan. This valley is a part of Setonaikai National Park in Japan. The name of Kamakura Valley originated in a historical episode that in the 13th century, Hōjō Tokiyori, one of Shikken, namely the regent for the shōgun in the Kamakura shogunate, visited this valley and praised the beauty. This valley is along Funazaka River, which is a"
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"Thomas Morris (British Army officer) Thomas Morris (1732?–1818?) was a British Army officer and writer. Born at Carlisle, where he was baptised on 22 April 1732, he was one of four sons of Captain Thomas Morris, soldier author of the popular song \"Kitty Crowder\", who died about 1752. Charles Morris the songwriter was his brother. Morris entered Winchester College as a scholar in 1741. After time in tuition in London, joined the 17th Foot, which was his father's regiment, at Kinsale, in 1748. In 1753 he took leave and spent time in Paris, giving him a command of the French language. In 1757 Morris shipped with his regiment for the Americas. He was at Canajoharie in 1761, from where he wrote to his good friend Richard Montgomery. Morris spent time in Martinique, the 17th Regiment having taken part in the Invasion of Martinique (1762) under Robert Monckton, and served at the siege of Havana (1762). He was then under Colonel John Bradstreet in North America. For Bradstreet, who was marching along the southern shore of Lake Erie from Niagara to re-establish British control in Indiana, he undertook a chancy mission in 1764, just after the end of the French and Indian War (the Seven Years' War in the North American theatre). When Morris was sent off on 26 August, without an escort of soldiers, Bradstreet had been misinformed by Delaware Indians and Shawnees about the attitude of Native Americans to the west. Morris ascended the Maumee River, with the permission of the Miami Indians, carrying a message to the French at Fort de Chartres, and with a mission of pacification, directed to make peace with the Native American groups he met. He was supposed to summon these groups to a council at Detroit with the British. He was supposed also to cross the watershed with the Wabash River (at Kekionga, close to modern Fort Wayne), and make his way into Illinois down the Wabash. In fact Morris first met Pontiac at a village of Ottawa Indians. Morris wrote in a confident tone to Thomas Mante, then brigade-major with Bradstreet, of the results to be expected from Pontiac's co-operative attitude. But these were to be negated by the reactions of others of the Six Nations of the Iroquois, at Detroit. Morris's own observation of the prevalent \"drapeau blanc\" in the village reflected the continuing influence of the idea that French power would return from its defeat. It was Bradstreet's diplomacy or lack of it at Detroit (see Pontiac's War), in Pontiac's absence, that would later be criticised by Thomas Gage. Allowed to proceed, Morris was captured and held at Kekionga. Pacanne asserted authority there, over the counsel of two Kickapoo chiefs who warned Morris away from Fort Ouiatenon (near modern West Lafayette). Morris, as he recorded in his \"Journal\", had no choice but to return down the Maumee. He went on to Detroit to rejoin the British forces. A modern view does not take Morris's narrative at face value, arguing that Pacanne's intervention implemented an early decision by the Miami chiefs to spare Morris, while also allowing a demonstration of local feelings. On Morris's account, Bradstreet was at that point up the Sandusky River, and unaware of the threatening hostility of the Native Americans to the west. Bradstreet had reached Detroit shortly after sending Morris upriver, and returned to the Sandusky to await developments. Morris's news came through on 21 September, and revealed the Shawnee deceit; but then Bradstreet played a waiting game in September and into October, which failed, but because of bad weather. In 1765 Morris was commander at Fort Niagara. Morris returned to England in 1767. Through the Friends to the Liberty of the Press, he and his brother Charles became associated with the radical publisher James Ridgway. He was one of the original subscribers to the Royal Literary Fund, at whose annual meetings (1794–97) he recited his own verses. He is stated in 1806 to have been living in retirement at Hampstead. Morris's published volumes were: His \"Journal\" from the \"Miscellanies\" was printed in 1904 as \"Journal of Captain Thomas Morris, of His Majesty's XVII regiment of infantry; Detroit, 25 September 1764\". It covers his expedition from Cedar Point, Ohio to Detroit. Morris published it much later, in hope of a pension. Morris's recorded views on the Native Americans were positive. The original form of the \"Journal\" was published by Peckham in 1941. In 1769 Morris married a Miss Chubb, daughter of a merchant at Bridgwater, by whom he had six children. Thomas Morris (British Army officer) Thomas Morris (1732?–1818?) was a British Army officer and writer. Born at Carlisle, where he was baptised on 22 April 1732, he was one of four sons of Captain Thomas Morris, soldier author of the popular song \"Kitty Crowder\", who"
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"British Rail Class 67 The Class 67 locomotives are a class of Bo-Bo diesel-electric locomotives which were built for the English Welsh & Scottish Railway (EWS) between 1999 and 2000 by Alstom at Meinfesa in Valencia, Spain with drive components (engine, generator and traction motors) from General Motors' Electro-Motive Division. EMD's designation for this locomotive type is JT42HW-HS. EWS ordered thirty locomotives via leasing company Angel Trains in a £45million contract split between Alstom and Electro Motive Diesel, for use as Class 47 replacements for hauling high-speed Royal Mail trains and passenger trains. The locomotives were obtained on a 15-year lease from Angel Trains. At the end of the fifteen-year contract, ownership of the locomotives was transferred to DB Cargo UK. The bodyshell is a monocoque load bearing Alstom design, the bogies are an \"H\" frame Alstom design, The engine, traction motors and control electronics are GM-EMD products, and the same as used in the British Rail Class 66. Unlike the Class 66, the traction motors are frame mounted rather than axle hung to reduce unsprung mass and the gear ratio is increased allowing higher speeds. The cab design has a central driving position. The locomotives are able to supply electric head end power for passenger train heating and air-conditioning, and are equipped for buffer and screw coupling and also coupling via a buckeye coupler attached on a swing arm mount. High speed running tests were undertaken with 67002 starting at Alstom's facility at La Sagra (Toledo, Spain) and running on the standard gauge Madrid-Toledo high-speed rail line. A top speed of was obtained. The first locomotive to be delivered was 67003, which arrived in October 1999. Initially plans were for a rapid acceptance into service, but problems with the locomotives being slightly out of loading gauge caused delays. Acceptance trials began in December, and all 30 units had been delivered to the UK by early 2000. The high axle load of the locomotive caused an initial speed restriction to and modifications to the bogies were required; locomotive 67023 was passed for running in July 2001, and all 30 units had been modified by June 2003. Initially the class were used primarily on mail trains. In June 2003 EWS lost the Royal Mail mail train contract, with services diminishing to complete cessation in March 2004. The locomotives have since been used by First ScotRail on the \"Caledonian Sleeper\" on non electrified lines north of Edinburgh. In April 2015, GB Railfreight commenced a contract to haul the \"Caledonian Sleeper\" with 67004 repainted and renamed for use on the service. Class 67s ceased being used on the service in June 2016 when replaced by GB Railfreight Class 73/9s. Class 67s are also used as \"Thunderbird\" rescue locomotives for failed trains on the East Coast Main Line, on some freight trains, and for use on chartered tourist trains. Two locomotives were assigned to, and received special liveries for use with the Royal Train from 2003, and a third had a commemorative jubilee livery applied for use with the Royal Train during the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II in 2012. Five locomotives were also dedicated to Wrexham & Shropshire's services until it ceased operating in January 2011. Chiltern Railways began using ex Wrexham & Shropshire Class 67 hauled passenger sets in December 2010, in September 2011 after improvements to the Chiltern Main Line infrastructure, Chiltern began running a service from London to Birmingham branded \"Mainline\" using Class 67 powered sets. Chiltern Railways leased six Class 68s from December 2014, to replace Class 67s on its Chiltern Main Line services. In March 2012, Arriva Trains Wales began the lease of three Class 67s from DB Schenker to replace its Class 57s on its \"Premier Service\". In January 2017, 67023 and 67027 were sold to Colas Rail and repainted at Toton TMD for use on Network Rail infrastructure monitoring trains. Locomotives that do not currently carry their names are shown with the name in brackets. The locomotives were initially painted in EWS's maroon and yellow livery. In 2003, 67005 and 67006 replaced the two previous Class 47 locomotives hauling the Royal Train. These were repainted in the Royal Claret colour, and named \"Queen's Messenger\" and \"Royal Sovereign\" in December 2000 and February 2005, respectively. In October 2004, 67029 was repainted silver to haul the EWS Company Train. On 12 October 2007, 67029 was named \"Royal Diamond\" at Rugeley Trent Valley railway station, in honour of the 60th wedding anniversary of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip. In 2008, 67012–67015 were repainted in Wrexham & Shropshire's silver and grey livery. In 2008, these were named \"A Shropshire Lad\" (3 July), \"Dyfrbont Pontcysyllte\" (9 July), \"Thomas Telford\" (14 July) and \"David J Lloyd\" (16 May), respectively. These were joined by 67010 in March 2009. In January 2010, 67018 was repainted into DB Schenker red with a maple leaf and named \"Keith Heller\" at the National Railway Museum. in honour of the Canadian-born former EWS and DB Schenker UK chairman. In 2011, 67001–67003 were repainted blue, for use by Arriva Trains Wales. In March 2012, 67026 received a silver livery, union flag and Diamond Jubilee logo for use during the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II celebrations, being named \"Diamond Jubilee\" by Queen Elizabeth II on 23 March at London Victoria station. In March 2015, 67004 received the Caledonian 'Midnight Teal' livery and named 'Cairn Gorm'. This, along with similarly repainted 67010, was used on the non-electrified parts of the Serco Caledonian Sleeper until the release of sufficient Class 73/9s for use by GB Railfreight. Both 67004 and 67010 have been repainted into DB Red livery, and are now both operational (67004 being stored for nearly 2 years). In June 2017 Colas Rail duo 67023 and 67027 received the names \"Stella\" and \"Charlotte\" respectively, on nameplates carried centrally on the bodysides. 19/20 October 2017 saw 67021 and 67024 rolled out in (unbranded) Belmond British Pullman brown and cream livery, and a few months later received Belmond British Pullman logos. A serious crash occurred with 67002 at Lawrence Hill (Bristol) on 1 November 2000, when a Royal Mail train passed two red signals and ran into the back of a coal train at around 3:30am. The mail train, hauled by 67002 \"Special Delivery\" with 67012 at the rear, was travelling at 50 mph when the incident occurred. The locomotive climbed over the back of the coal train, coming to rest later on top of a coal wagon and against the A420 Church Road bridge. The driver of the mail train suffered a broken arm and cuts to the face and chest, but there were no other injuries. The incident was initially suspected to be caused by faulty brakes, but was later found to be caused by misunderstanding and incorrect use of the locomotive's brake pipe isolation valve by railway staff. British Rail Class 67 The Class 67 locomotives are a class of Bo-Bo diesel-electric locomotives which were built for the English Welsh & Scottish Railway (EWS) between 1999 and 2000 by Alstom at Meinfesa in Valencia, Spain with drive components (engine, generator and traction motors) from General Motors' Electro-Motive Division. EMD's designation for this locomotive type is JT42HW-HS. EWS ordered thirty"
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"Rabia Sultan Rabia Sultan (; died 14 January 1712) was a consort to Sultan Ahmed II of the Ottoman Empire. Rabia Sultan, whose original name is unknown, was captured during one of the raids by Tatars and sold into slavery. It were probably one of Ahmed's sisters, who gave Rabia to Ahmed as a concubine, as his own mother, Hatice Muazzez Sultan, had died before his accession to the throne. The women of the Ottoman sultan lived in the Imperial Harem, one of the most important elements of the Ottoman court. According to Ottoman tradition, she was given an Arabic name. Very little is known about Rabia Sultan, principally because neither sultans left sons who survived their father's death to reach the throne, thereby bringing their mothers to public attention as Valide Sultan. , she gave birth to twin sons, Şehzade Ibrahim and Şehzade Selim, . After Ahmed's death in 1695, Rabia along with her daughters Asiye Sultan, Atike Sultan and other members of Ahmed's entourage were permanently exiled to the Old Palace. Her only surviving child, Şehzade Ibrahim, was given to the new Valide Emetullah Rabia Gülnuş Sultan. She died on 14 January 1712 and was buried along with her husband. Her resting place is located inside the tomb of Suleiman the Magnificent in Süleymaniye Mosque, Istanbul. Rabia's titles include: Sultanü'l-muhadderat, umdetü'l-muvahhirat, tacü'l-mesturat, dürre-i dürr-i ismet, gurre-i bürci'l-iffet, sahibü'd-devleti'l-kariyye, Fatimatü'z-zaman, Ayişetü'd-devran, el-mahfufe bir sınuf-ı avatıfı'l-meliki'l-mennan cenab-ı haseki Rabia Sultan Hazretlerinin Rabia Sultan Rabia Sultan (; died 14 January 1712) was a consort to Sultan Ahmed II of the Ottoman Empire. Rabia Sultan, whose original name is unknown, was captured during one of the raids by Tatars and sold into slavery. It were probably one of Ahmed's sisters, who gave Rabia to Ahmed as a concubine, as his own mother,"
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"Matudán mac Muiredaig Matudán mac Muiredaig (died 857) was a Dál Fiatach king of Ulaid, which is now Ulster, Ireland. He was the son of Muiredach mac Eochada (died 839), the previous king. He ruled from 839-857. His father had been killed by his own brother Áed. However, Matudán killed his uncle and was able to acquire the throne. Vikings were on Lough Neagh in 839 and wintered there in 840-841 in the opening years raiding the various parts of the north including the Ulaid territories. In 852 the Norse fought a fierce naval battle with newcomers, the Danes, in Carlingford Lough but were heavily defeated. Matudán may have given land support to the Norse forces in this battle. In 851 Matudán met with the high king Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid (died 863) of the southern Uí Néill in Armagh. In a meeting presided over by the clerics of Armagh and Mide, Matudán formally acknowledged the authority of the high king. This led in 855 to an attack by Áed Findliath, King of Ailech, of the northern Ui Neill. However his foray failed and he left behind slain kin. Áed Findliath had as one of his wives the sister of Matudán- Gormlaith Rapach \"the harsh\". The annals record a possible co-ruler (leth-rí -\"half king\") Cathmal mac Tommaltaig of the Leth Cathail branch of the Dál Fiatach (in Lecale, modern County Down) who is not recorded in the king lists. Cathmal was slain by the Norse in 853. Matudán died in 857 and according to the \"Fragmentary Annals\" he took clerical orders prior to his death. His descendants (if any) did not hold the throne of Ulaid which descended through the line of his uncle Áed. Matudán mac Muiredaig Matudán mac Muiredaig (died 857) was a Dál Fiatach king of"
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"Grimsby Pyewipe Road railway station Grimsby Pyewipe Road railway station was a temporary terminus serving people involved in building Immingham Dock, Lincolnshire, England. In 1906 Lady Henderson ceremonially cut the first sod to start the Great Central Railway's project to build Immingham Dock on an almost uninhabited, greenfield site on the south bank of the Humber. The location had no rail access and few of its roads were better than farm tracks, so the Great Central planned three railways to the new dock: The GDLR was the first to reach Immingham, being used by contractors to ferry men and materials from and to Grimsby, including guests for the sod cutting. Contractors obtained a rake of ex-Metropolitan Railway coaches to run unadvertised workmen's services to match their shifts, using makeshift platforms. This arrangement continued until the Great Central decided there was sufficient demand for a passenger service between Grimsby and Immingham Dock and village to justify building two unstaffed halts, each with a single wooden platform, one at the Immingham end of the GDLR, to be known as Immingham Halt, and the other at the Grimsby end, to be known as Grimsby Pyewipe Road. The company would run a service along the line until the planned electric tramway - subsequently to be widely known as the Grimsby and Immingham Electric Railway - opened. This is exactly what happened. The Great Central's 1904-built steam railcar started to ply between the two termini on 3 January 1910 and continued to do so until 15 May 1912 when the Barton and Immingham had been in business for a year, the Humber Commercial railway was completed and, most importantly for the service along the GDLR, the electric tramway opened, removing the reason for the temporary service. The Dock was formally opened by The King on Monday 22 July 1912, though some traffic had been handled before then, the first of all being the Great Central steamer \"Dewsbury\" which was coaled from the Western Jetty on 17 June 1910; the first to use the dock itself was the Swedish \"SS Max\", also on 15 May 1912. The GDLR's line through Immingham Halt and Grimsby Pyewipe Road was used for four return special trains on the dock opening day, after which it reverted to its intended goods and internal transfer role, which it retained in 2017, albeit on a much reduced scale. By 2015 no trace of the station remained. Former Services Grimsby Pyewipe Road railway station Grimsby Pyewipe Road railway station was a temporary terminus serving people involved in building Immingham Dock, Lincolnshire, England. In 1906 Lady Henderson ceremonially cut the first sod to start the Great Central Railway's project to build Immingham Dock on an almost uninhabited, greenfield site on the south bank of the Humber. The location had no rail access and few of its roads were better than farm tracks, so the Great Central planned three railways to the new dock: The GDLR was the first to reach Immingham, being used by contractors"
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"Gerónimo Salguero Gerónimo Salguero de Cabrera Moynos (1774 — 25 February 1847), sometimes seen as Luis Jerónimo Cabrera y Cabrera or some variant, was an Argentine statesman and lawyer. He was a representative to the Congress of Tucumán, which on 9 July 1816 declared the Independence of Argentina. Salguero was born in Córdoba to an influential local family. A relative, Diego Salguero de Cabrera, had been bishop of Arequipa, and an ancestor, Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera, had established the city of Córdoba in 1573. He was educated at the Colegio Nacional de Monserrat and graduated in civil law in 1796 at the University of San Carlos, both in Córdoba. He married María Josefa Rolón; they had no children. Salguero was Finance Minister (\"Ministro de Hacienda\") in the provincial government of José Javier Díaz. He was elected to represent Córdoba in the Congress of Tucumán and served for the declaration in 1816. He was, along with his Córdoba colleagues, among the few federalists in the Congress, speaking for a system of strong autonomous provinces. In 1819, Salguero was appointed Treasurer of the \"Casa de la Moneda\" (mint) of Buenos Aires. He also served as prosecutor (\"fiscal\") in the appeals chamber in Córdoba, but was forced to resign from his position and leave Córdoba in 1838, at the height of the Argentine Civil Wars. He died in Chuquisaca, Bolivia, in 1847. A street in the Palermo district of Buenos Aires, Jerónimo Salguero, is named after him. Gerónimo Salguero Gerónimo Salguero de Cabrera Moynos (1774 — 25 February 1847), sometimes seen as Luis Jerónimo Cabrera y Cabrera or some variant, was an Argentine statesman and lawyer. He was a representative to the Congress of Tucumán, which on 9 July 1816 declared the Independence of Argentina. Salguero was born in Córdoba to an influential"
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"Motor City Classic The Motor City Classic is a ten-pin bowling tournament on the PBA Tour. It is among the first regular season events on the tour and is played at Taylor Lanes in Taylor, Michigan. The tournament has existed since 2006, with Tony Reyes winning the inaugural event over Wes Malott, 255-238. Reyes also rolled a 300 game in the semi-finals of the 2006 event. Walter Ray Williams Jr. is the defending champion. For the 2008–09 season, the tournament in Taylor was renamed the Chameleon Championship, because the PBA chose to make it one of six tournaments named after a PBA oil pattern in its \"Versatility Swing.\" For the 2009–10 season, the PBA made the Motor City Classic part of the multi-tournament \"World Series of Bowling\" event. The qualifying rounds of the tournament, which determined the top four bowlers for the TV finals, continued to be contested at Taylor Lanes. The TV finals were taped September 5 in nearby Allen Park, MI for a November 1 ESPN broadcast. Motor City Classic The Motor City Classic is a ten-pin bowling tournament on the PBA Tour. It is among the first regular season events on the tour and is played at"
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"Mychal Denzel Smith Mychal Denzel Smith (born November 6, 1986) is a writer, television commentator and author of \"Invisible Man, Got the Whole World Watching: A Young Black Man's Education\" (2016). He is also a fellow at The Nation Institute. Smith attended Hampton University, where he was editor-in-chief of the student newspaper, \"The Script\". \"The New York Times\" has called Smith \"The Intellectual in Air Jordans.\" Smith's work has been published in a number of print and online publications, including \"The New York Times\", \"The Washington Post\", \"The New Republic\", Complex, GQ, Guernica, Harper's, Paris Review, Buzzfeed, New York Times Book Review, Bleacher Report, The Atlantic, The Guardian, Pitchfork, LitHub, The Nation, MTV, Salon, Ebony, and more. He has appeared on MSNBC, CNN, Democracy NOW!, The Daily Show, PBS Newshour, NPR, Al Jazeera, and a number of other television and radio programs. He appears in and was a consulting producer for the Paramount Network docuseries executive produced by Jay-Z. Smith published \"Invisible Man, Got the Whole World Watching: A Young Black Man's Education\" in 2016 with Nation Books. In \"The New York Times\", Walton Muyumba reviewed the book as \"ambitious, ardent and timely.\" Melissa Harris-Perry described his book as \"affirming, necessary, even delightful, despite its brutality and angst\" and Buzzfeed called it a \"superbly thoughtful memoir.\" \"The Minneapolis Star-Tribune\" review stated: \"Smith's debut defies categorization\" but ultimately \"is a philosophical work\" that \"challenges us to confront our legacies of racism, patriarchy, homophobia and violence.\" \"The Chicago Tribune\" wrote: \"It might be the first of its kind: a book that offers a comprehensive look into the genesis of black millennial lives through the eyes of a young black man,\" adding, \"This is revolutionary.\" The book became a \"New York Times\" best-seller. In 2014 and 2016 he was named to \"The Root\" 100 list of most influential African-Americans. \"Brooklyn Magazine\" included him on its 2016 list of \"100 Most Influential People in Brooklyn Culture.\" Smith was nominated for the National Association of Black Journalists award for commentary in 2014, and his book \"Invisible Man, Got the Whole World Watching\" was nominated for an NAACP Image Award for \"Outstanding Literary Work - Biography/Autobiography\" in 2017. Smith lives in Brooklyn. Mychal Denzel Smith Mychal Denzel Smith (born November 6, 1986) is a writer, television commentator and author of \"Invisible Man, Got the Whole World Watching: A Young Black Man's Education\" (2016). He is also"
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"PGA Tour, Inc. v. Martin PGA Tour, Inc. v. Martin, 532 U.S. 661 (2001), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States involving the applicability of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 to professional golf tours. The PGA Tour, the main organizer of professional golf tours in the United States, had required all golfers to walk between shots during the third stage of its qualifying tournament, which it argued was an important aspect of the game. Golfer Casey Martin, whose circulatory condition impaired his ability to walk, sued the PGA Tour under the ADA, asserting that it must accommodate his disability by allowing him to use a golf cart. The Supreme Court ruled for Martin in a 7–2 decision. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Martin in a 7–2 decision. The court found that the PGA Tour should be viewed as a commercial enterprise operating in the entertainment industry for the economic benefit of its members rather than as a private club. It agreed with the Magistrate Judge Thomas Coffin, that the statutory definition of public accommodation included a \"golf course\", rejecting the Tour's argument that its competitions are only places of public accommodation in the areas open to spectators. The operator of a public accommodation could not, in Judge Coffin's view, create private enclaves within the facility \"… and thus relegate the ADA to hop-scotch areas.\" The finding was originally upheld by the United States Court for the Ninth Circuit. Justice Antonin Scalia wrote a dissent that drew upon Kurt Vonnegut's story \"Harrison Bergeron.\" Martin has failed to make it through the PGA Tour Q-school since 2000. He has played in several PGA Tour events, notably in 2004. He lives in Eugene, Oregon and is the men's head golf coach at the University of Oregon. PGA Tour, Inc. v. Martin PGA Tour, Inc. v. Martin, 532 U.S. 661 (2001), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States involving the applicability of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 to professional golf tours. The PGA Tour, the main organizer of professional golf tours in the United States, had required all golfers to walk between shots during the third stage of its qualifying tournament, which it argued was an important aspect of the game. Golfer Casey Martin, whose circulatory condition impaired his ability to walk, sued the PGA Tour under the ADA, asserting"
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"Federation of Pakistan v. Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan Federation of Pakistan v. Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan (1955) is a court case of the Dominion of Pakistan. The Federal Court of Pakistan (now the Supreme Court of Pakistan) ruled in favor of the Governor General of Pakistan's dismissal of the 1st Constituent Assembly of Pakistan. The dismissal was legally challenged by Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan, the president of the assembly. Except one dissenting opinion, the majority of the court supported the dismissal on grounds of the doctrine of necessity. The verdict was considered a blow to democratic norms, which had ramifications in modern-day Pakistan and Bangladesh. In 1954, Governor General Ghulam Muhammad dissolved the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan. Earlier, he dismissed Prime Minister Khawaja Nazimuddin who enjoyed the confidence of the constituent assembly. Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan, the President of the Constituent Assembly and a representative from East Bengal, challenged the Governor General's actions in the Sindh High Court, where the dissolution was ruled as \"ultra vires\". The federal government appealed in the country's apex Federal Court. In 1955, the Federal Court led by Chief Justice Muhammad Munir ruled in support of the Governor General. The court suspended the decision of the High Court and held the Governor General, and not the Constituent Assembly, to be the sovereign authority. The court opined that royal assent can only be given by the Governor General as Pakistan was still a dominion and hence not a fully independent country. It gave the doctrine of necessity as the grounds for its decision. A lone dissenting opinion was given by Justice Alvin Robert Cornelius who argued Pakistan was indeed an independent country within the Commonwealth. The verdict dealt a blow to the notion of parliamentary supremacy in Pakistan. The irony was that Pakistan was an independent dominion created by the Indian Independence Act 1947. The British parliament enjoyed parliamentary supremacy in its own realm. But the Federal Court's verdict stripped Pakistan's parliamentary supremacy, even though Pakistan itself was an independent realm of the British monarchy. The verdict paved way for the future judiciary to support unconstitutional and undemocratic actions, such as military coups. The doctrine of necessity was applied by successive Pakistani and Bangladeshi courts to validate the actions of martial law authorities. Federation of Pakistan v. Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan Federation of Pakistan v. Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan (1955) is a court case of the Dominion of Pakistan. The Federal Court"
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"Badger's Green (1949 film) Badger's Green is a 1949 British comedy film directed by John Irwin and starring Barbara Murray, Brian Nissen, Garry Marsh and Kynaston Reeves. It is based on the play \"Badger's Green\" by R.C. Sheriff, which had previously been turned into a 1934 film of the same title. It was shot at Highbury Studios and released as a second feature by the Rank Organisation, on the same bill as \"Eureka Stockade\". The film's sets were designed by Don Russell. A company plans a massive development in the quiet village of Badger's Green, angering the existing inhabitants. It is eventually agreed that the outcome of the dispute will be settled by a local cricket match. Badger's Green (1949 film) Badger's Green is a 1949 British comedy film directed by John Irwin and starring Barbara Murray, Brian Nissen, Garry Marsh and Kynaston Reeves. It is based on the play \"Badger's Green\" by R.C. Sheriff, which had previously been turned into a 1934 film of the same title. It was shot at Highbury Studios and released as a second feature by the Rank Organisation, on the same bill as \"Eureka Stockade\". The film's sets were designed by Don Russell. A"
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"retrieved": [
"Eric Bolling Eric Thomas Bolling (; born March 2, 1963) is an American television personality, conservative political commentator, author, and financial commentator. He has occupied numerous roles as a commentator on financial issues for television, most notably for Fox News. Bolling took over as host of the Fox Business Channel news program \"Cashin' In\" in 2013. He was a co-host of Fox News Channel's \"The Five\" at its inception, until leaving to co-host \"Fox News Specialists\" in May 2017. In 2016, Bolling published his first book, \"Wake Up America\", which became a \"New York Times\" best seller. In 2017 he wrote another book, \"The Swamp: Washington's Murky Pool of Corruption and Cronyism and How Trump Can Drain It\". On August 5, 2017, \"HuffPost\" reported that Bolling had sent unsolicited lewd photographs and text messages to three female colleagues several years previously. Fox News conducted an independent investigation and the network said publicly it had mutually agreed to part ways with Bolling the following month. Multiple outlets characterized Bolling's departure as a firing, although the allegations were never proven. He has a television show on TheBlaze. Bolling was born in Chicago and attended grade school at Queen of All Saints Basilica school and high school at Loyola Academy. In 1984 he graduated from Rollins College in Winter Park, Florida, with a BA degree in economics. While at Rollins, Bolling played baseball. He was drafted in 1984 by the Pittsburgh Pirates. His baseball career was cut short by a torn rotator cuff injury. Bolling was a commodities trader on the New York Mercantile Exchange. He specialized in trading natural gas, crude oil, gold, and other commodities. After serving five years on the board of directors at the NYMEX (now CME Group), Bolling became a strategic adviser to the exchange's board of directors. He was included in \"Trader Monthly\"s Top 100 in 2005 and 2006. Bolling was the recipient of the Maybach Man of the Year Award at the Trader Monthly Awards, January 17, 2007. Bolling was involved in developing CNBC's \"Fast Money\". Bolling left CNBC in August 2007 and moved to the new Fox Business Network as one of the network's financial analysts. He hosted the business show \"Happy Hour\", which ran opposite \"Fast Money\" in the 5 p.m. time slot. In June 2011 on the Fox Business Network, Bolling criticized President Barack Obama's decision to meet with Gabon's president, Ali Bongo Ondimba, in the White House. Bolling remarked, \"Guess who's coming to dinner? A dictator.\" He then went on to also criticize Obama for allowing rapper Common to appear in the White House a few weeks before, exclaiming \"it's not the first time he's had a hoodlum in the hizzouse.\" Progressive group Media Matters criticized Bolling, saying \"Calling the president of Gabon and Common 'hoods in the hizzy' is not colorful commentary, it is overt racism.\" Bolling at first defended himself on Twitter claiming that people were baselessly accusing him because he worked for Fox News. Bolling apologized for his comments, saying, \"On Friday, we did a story about the president meeting with the president of Gabon. We got a little fast and loose with the language, and we know it's been interpreted as being disrespectful, and for that, I'm sorry.\" Bolling served as a co-host of \"The Five\" on the Fox News Channel, a roundtable discussion of the top political and cultural stories of the day. Bolling and then co-host political pundit Bob Beckel were known to take strong opposing positions on issues, positions that led to heated exchanges. The two, however, have developed a mutual respect and friendship, and Bolling possibly saved Beckel's life in 2011 when he performed the Heimlich maneuver on him at a local restaurant. Bolling also served as guest host on many of the most popular Fox News opinion shows such as \"Hannity\" and \"Fox & Friends\" (and had guested \"The O'Reilly Factor\" and \"The Glenn Beck Show\"). It was announced on April 19, 2017, that as a result of the prime time lineup change with Bill O'Reilly's exit, \"The Five\" would be moving to the 9 p.m. time slot. \"Fox News Specialists\" was created to replace \"The Five\" in the 5 p.m. time slot, with Bolling serving as a co-host alongside Katherine Timpf and Eboni Williams. The program premiered on May 1, 2017, but was cancelled when Bolling departed the network. Bolling joined CRTV in the summer of 2018. On August 4, 2017, \"HuffPost\" reported that several years before and on separate occasions, Bolling allegedly sent unsolicited lewd text messages and lewd photos to three female colleagues at Fox News or Fox Business Network. He is also accused of making \"wildly inappropriate\" comments to female employees. In response to the accusations, Fox News suspended Bolling pending the outcome of an investigation. Caroline Heldman, a former Fox News guest, alleged that Bolling made numerous unwanted sexual advances towards her. Bolling's attorney, Michael J. Bowe, responded that \"no such unsolicited communications occurred\" and that Bolling \"will vigorously pursue his legal remedies\" in response to the accusations. On August 9, 2017, Bolling filed a $50 million defamation lawsuit in New York against freelance writer Yashar Ali who wrote the story for the Huffington Post. Reacting to the suit, Ali stated that he stands by the accuracy of his story and will protect his sources. On September 8, 2017, the \"HuffPost\" reported that Bolling and Fox News had \"amicably\" parted ways. As a result of his departure, \"Fox News Specialists\" was canceled by the network. Bolling is Catholic. He has expressed uncertainty in his faith since his son's death. He and his wife, Adrienne, had one son, Eric Chase Bolling, who died on September 8, 2017 at the age of 19. He died in what police called an \"unintended\" manner, and the coroner ruled the death as an accidental overdose \"that included opioids.\" In interviews, Bolling has stated that his son had purchased \"a street Xanax\" that was \"laced with fentanyl.\" Eric Bolling Eric Thomas Bolling (; born"
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"Nimrod (comics) Nimrod is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in \"Uncanny X-Men\" #191 (March 1985), and was created by writer Chris Claremont and artist John Romita Jr. Hailing from the \"Days of Future Past\" timeline, Nimrod is a powerful, virtually indestructible descendant of the robotic mutant-hunting Sentinels. His name is derived from the biblical figure described in Genesis as \"a mighty hunter\". The character was created by writer Chris Claremont and artist John Romita Jr., and first appeared in X-Men #191 (March 1985). Nimrod made subsequent appearances in \"The Uncanny X-Men\" #193-194 (May–June 1985), #197 (September 1985), #208-209 (August–September 1986), #246-247 (July–August 1989), \"X-Force\" #35 (June 1994), \"Cable & Machine Man Annual\" #1 (Annual 1998), \"Mutant X\" #10 (July 1999), \"Weapon X: Days of Future Now\" #1 (September 2005), #4 (December 2005), \"New X-Men\" #22 (March 2006), #25-31 (June–December 2006), #36 (May 2007), \"New Warriors\" #3 (October 2007), \"X-Factor\" #23 (November 2007), and \"X-Force\" #1-2 (April–May 2008). Nimrod received an entry in the \"Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Deluxe Edition\" #9. Nimrod is a mutant-hunting Sentinel from an alternative future and was created by the Sentinels ruling that timeline. When Rachel Summers travels backwards in time to the present, he follows Rachel. Although not capable of time travel by himself he was transported back in time by Doctor Strange and Magik using their powers to change time to prevent Kulan Gath's occupation of New York. Thus Nimrod saves the life of construction worker Jaime Rodriguez by slaying a mugger (Kulan Gath's destined host), who would have otherwise killed Rodriguez. In gratitude Rodriguez offers Nimrod a job and a home with his family, not realizing who or what the shape-shifting Sentinel truly is. After gathering information about the timeline in which he finds himself, Nimrod eventually changes his prime directive from the extermination of all mutants, having determined that such widespread destruction is not necessary in this era, to only the extermination of mutants who were regarded as outlaws by the government, such as the X-Men. He fights the Juggernaut. He hunts Summers and the X-Men, but is defeated by Rogue when Rogue absorbs the mutant powers of Nightcrawler, Kitty Pryde and Colossus. Based on a plan that Kitty conceives before losing consciousness, Rogue uses Nightcrawler's teleportation to teleport part of Nimrod's body away, with Rogue's and Colossus's combined invulnerability protecting Rogue from the resulting physical strain in a manner that Nightcrawler could not have handled. Some time after this, Nimrod garners a reputation with the public of New York City as a heroic vigilante, assuming he is simply a man in powered armor. He also adopts the more human personality Nicholas Hunter as part of a cover alias as a construction worker. Nimrod later faces the combined forces of the X-Men and the Hellfire Club and proves himself as a powerful threat, killing Black Rook Friedrich Von Roehm, causing Harry Leland's fatal heart attack, nearly killing Nightcrawler and badly injuring Rogue and Sebastian Shaw. When Nimrod comes across a piece of the gigantic Sentinel Master Mold while working on a construction site, his programming is immediately co-opted; Master Mold merges with Nimrod, using its systems to rebuild Nimrod in its own image. The X-Men are initially hard pressed to defeat the reborn Master Mold, but Nimrod comes to their aid, claiming he has evolved as well and no longer views them or mutants as a threat. Nimrod asserts enough control over Master Mold to render it immobile, and even convinces it that it has become a mutant as well. Thus, to fulfill its prime directive to exterminate mutants, it must self-destruct. The remains of both robots are pushed through the Siege Perilous, a mystical gateway that causes all who passed through it to be reborn with new bodies. Nimrod and Master Mold are merged into the being Bastion. In \"X-Force\" #35, a modern-day version of Nimrod appears. Created by an offshoot of Project Wideawake, this version is based on the technology derived from the Nimrod from the future. It deactivates itself when Cable convinces Nimrod that its existence could cause a paradox and damage the timestream. Reverend William Stryker found a damaged Nimrod as he enters the 616 Marvel timeline from an alternate one. Stryker uses Nimrod's memories to plan an attack on the X-Men and other mutants, but Nimrod alters its memories to facilitate its own escape, and Stryker is defeated. During the \"New X-Men\" story arc \"Nimrod\", it searches for Forge, whom it believes is its creator. Nimrod believes Forge can repair its damaged body, but Forge instead transfers Nimrod's programming into a new body which Forge can control. Believing Forge to be in danger, the New X-Men travel to his apartment to help him. This eventually leads to Nimrod gaining control over his body and attacking Forge and the New X-Men. Nimrod is defeated when Surge overloads Nimrod's temporal unit, blasting Nimrod out of the timestream. Nimrod survives and travels back in time to March 1985 with its memory corrupted, resulting in its existence in the 'true' timeline — with Rachel's history erased — becoming a temporal loop paradox. The series \"X-Force\" reveals that the Purifiers held on to most of Nimrod's body and fuse it with Bastion's head to reform Bastion. He then, using the Technarch transmode virus, revives numerous villains that have destroyed many mutants. During the events of Second Coming, he personally confronts Hope Summers, Rogue and Nightcrawler, leading to the death of the latter. Bastion appears to be reverting more and more to fully being Nimrod. Some time later, Bastion unleashes an endless horde of Nimrods from an unknown future to destroy the X-Men. However, X-Force, Cypher and Cable go to that future and destroy the Master Mold controlling them. At the end of the crossover, the original Nimrod (Bastion) takes his original form but is destroyed by Hope. The chest and head of Nimrod are later shown to be exhibited in X-Force Headquarters. Deathlok identifies it as version 32.1 and the possibility for its future to come to be is 1.34%. During a brief glimpse three months into the future seen in \"Uncanny Avengers\", Havok, Scarlet Witch and Sunfire are shown fleeing from a new model of Sentinel. Havok refers to the machines as Nimrod units, and mentions that they were built by Tony Stark. Nimrod is the most advanced form of Sentinel robot. Nimrod can convert his outward appearance to resemble that of an ordinary human being. Nimrod can also reconstruct himself so as to make improvements in his robotic form and internal systems that will make him a more formidable opponent. Even when smashed to pieces, Nimrod can reintegrate the portions of his body to become whole again. Apparently Nimrod's electronic consciousness can somehow exist independently of his physical body, at least temporarily. Physically Nimrod is categorized in the \"Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe\" as possessing \"Class 1000\" strength because Nimrod could engage the Juggernaut in hand-to-hand combat. Nimrod contains highly advanced computer systems as well as scanning devices that make it possible for him to determine whether a human being is a superhuman or not; if they are, he can determine the nature of their superhuman abilities. Like present day Sentinels, Nimrod can draw upon devices and systems within his robotic body in order to cope with or neutralize an opponent's superhuman power once he has determined the nature of that power. Nimrod is capable of projecting energy blasts, magnetic energy to levitate material, create force fields, and can teleport. Nimrod has a weakness for elemental attacks such as lightning or extreme cold. The Ultimate Marvel reality featured Nimrod Model Sentinels",
"\"Class 1000\" strength because Nimrod could engage the Juggernaut in hand-to-hand combat. Nimrod contains highly advanced computer systems as well as scanning devices that make it possible for him to determine whether a human being is a superhuman or not; if they are, he can determine the nature of their superhuman abilities. Like present day Sentinels, Nimrod can draw upon devices and systems within his robotic body in order to cope with or neutralize an opponent's superhuman power once he has determined the nature of that power. Nimrod is capable of projecting energy blasts, magnetic energy to levitate material, create force fields, and can teleport. Nimrod has a weakness for elemental attacks such as lightning or extreme cold. The Ultimate Marvel reality featured Nimrod Model Sentinels in \"\". This depiction are new Sentinels developed by the US government after the Ultimatum Wave. One such model chases and successfully takes down Rogue until rescued by Kitty Pryde. They are eventually infused with William Stryker Jr's brain-patterns when manifesting mutant powers for the first time in years. The Nimrod Sentinels later build a base for their operations based for Master Mold. Nimrod (comics) Nimrod is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in \"Uncanny X-Men\" #191 (March 1985), and was created by writer Chris Claremont and artist John Romita Jr. Hailing from the \"Days of Future Past\" timeline, Nimrod is a powerful, virtually indestructible"
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"retrieved": [
"Brad Aitken Bradley E. Aitken (born October 30, 1967) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey Left Wing who played 14 games in the National Hockey League. Aitken spent parts of two seasons in the National Hockey League, although the majority of his career took place in the minors or Europe. He was selected by the Pittsburgh Penguins in the third round of the 1986 NHL Entry Draft, 46th overall, and played for Pittsburgh before he was traded to the Edmonton Oilers in exchange for Kim Issel in March 1991. Aitken played just 3 games with the Oilers before he was returned to the minors. He was also briefly the property of the Toronto Maple Leafs, but was unable to crack their lineup. On November 25, 2013, over twenty years since his retirement, Aitken was revealed to be a claimant against a group of former NHL players, who filed a suit against the NHL in relation to player safety in concussions. Brad Aitken Bradley E. Aitken (born October 30, 1967) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey Left Wing who played 14 games in the National Hockey League. Aitken spent parts of two seasons in the National Hockey League, although"
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"One of the sections of the test will include extra, uncounted material. Educational Testing Service includes extra material to pilot test questions for future test forms. When test-takers are given a longer section, they should give equal effort to all of the questions because they do not know which question will count and which will be considered extra. For example, if there are four reading passages instead of three, then one of the passages will not be counted. Any of the four could be the uncounted one. \n To the present day, college admission criteria for international students who are nationals of some of the Commonwealth nations exempt them from taking the TOEFL exam. Nations which are part of the English-speaking world (from most Commonwealth realms to former British colonies e.g., Hong Kong SAR or former protectorates of the United States ( Philippines, Puerto Rico) where English is the de facto official language automatically grants a TOEFL exemption with some restrictions (e.g., residents of Quebec are required to take TOEFL while the rest of Canada is exempt-also inclusive of Commonwealth nations where English is not an official language e.g., Mozambique or Namibia ( English is co-official but spoken by 3% of the population) ). However, this does not apply to some Commonwealth nations outside the Anglosphere, such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh etc., even though they may have English as the de facto official language. \n Most colleges use TOEFL scores as only one factor in their admission process, with a college or program within a college often setting a minimum TOEFL score required. The minimum TOEFL iBT scores range from 61 (Bowling Green State University) to 111 (University of Oxford). \n 1. Reading \n\n The Reading section consists of questions on 3-5 passages, each approximately 700 words in length. The passages are on academic topics; they are the kind of material that might be found in an undergraduate university textbook. Passages require understanding of rhetorical functions such as cause-effect, compare-contrast and argumentation. Students answer questions about main ideas, details, inferences, essential information, sentence insertion, vocabulary, rhetorical purpose and overall ideas. New types of questions in the TOEFL iBT test require filling out tables or completing summaries. Prior knowledge of the subject under discussion is not necessary to come to the correct answer. \n 2. Listening \n\n The Listening section consists of questions on six passages, each 3–5 minutes in length. These passages include two student conversations and four academic lectures or discussions. The conversations involve a student and either a professor or a campus service provider. The lectures are a self-contained portion of an academic lecture, which may involve student participation and does not assume specialized background knowledge in the subject area. Each conversation and lecture passage is heard only once. Test-takers may take notes while they listen and they may refer to their notes when they answer the questions. Each conversation is associated with five questions and each lecture with six. The questions are meant to measure the ability to understand main ideas, important details, implications, relationships between ideas, organization of information, speaker purpose and speaker attitude. \n 3. Speaking \n\n The Speaking section consists of six tasks:two independent and four integrated. In the two independent tasks, test-takers answer opinion questions on familiar topics. They are evaluated on their ability to speak spontaneously and convey their ideas clearly and coherently. In two of the integrated tasks, test-takers read a short passage, listen to an academic course lecture or a conversation about campus life and answer a question by combining appropriate information from the text and the talk. In the two remaining integrated tasks, test-takers listen to an academic course lecture or a conversation about campus life and then respond to a question about what they heard. In the integrated tasks, test-takers are evaluated on their ability to appropriately synthesize and effectively convey information from the reading and listening material. Test-takers may take notes as they read and listen and may use their notes to help prepare their responses. Test-takers are given a short preparation time before they have to begin speaking. The responses are digitally recorded, sent to ETS's Online Scoring Network (OSN), and evaluated by three to six raters. \n 4. Writing \n\n The Writing section measures a test taker's ability to write in an academic setting and consists of two tasks:one integrated and one independent. In the integrated task, test-takers read a passage on an academic topic and then listen to a speaker discuss it. The test-taker then writes a summary about the important points in the listening passage and explains how these relate to the key points of the reading passage. In the independent task, the test-taker must write an essay that states their opinion or choice, and then explain it, rather than simply listing personal preferences or choices. Responses are sent to the ETS OSN and evaluated by at least 3 different raters. \n\n\n Task | Description | Approximate time \n---|---|--- \nReading | 3–5 passages, each containing 12–14 questions | 60–80 minutes \nListening | 6–9 passages, each containing 5–6 questions | 60–90 minutes \nBreak | Mandatory break | 10 minutes \nSpeaking | 6 tasks | 20 minutes \nWriting | 2 tasks | 50 minutes \n In 1973, a cooperative arrangement was made between ETS, The College Board, and the Graduate Record Examinations board of advisers to oversee and run the program. ETS was to administer the exam with the guidance of the TOEFL board. \n TOEFL is a trademark of the Educational Testing Service (ETS), a private non-profit organization, which designs and administers the tests. ETS issues official score reports, sent independently to institutions, for two years following the test. \n ETS also offers the TOEFL Junior tests, a general assessment of middle school-level English-language proficiency. It is intended for students aged 11 +. The tests are administered in two formats:TOEFL Junior Standard (on paper) and TOEFL Junior Comprehensive (via computer). The TOEFL Junior Standard test has three sections:Reading Comprehension, Listening Comprehension and Language Form and Meaning. The TOEFL Junior Comprehensive test has four:Reading Comprehension, Listening Comprehension, Speaking and Writing. TOEFL Junior scores are mapped to the CEFR and test takers are provided with a certificate of achievement. \n In 1962, a national council made up of representatives of thirty government and private organizations was formed to address the problem of ensuring English language proficiency for non-native speakers wishing to study at U.S. universities. This council recommended the development and administration of the TOEFL exam for the 1963-1964 time frame. \n * The TOEFL iBT test is scored on a scale of 0 to 120 points. \n * Each of the four sections (Reading, Listening, Speaking, and Writing) receives a scaled score from 0 to 30. The scaled scores from the four sections are added together to determine the total score. \n * The reading and listening sections are tested first, followed by a ten-minute break. The speaking and writing sections are then completed following the break. A maximum amount of 250 minutes is allowed to complete the whole exam process. \n * Each speaking question is initially given a score of 0 to 4, and each writing question is initially given a score of 0 to 5. These scores are converted to scaled scores of 0 to 30.",
"Test of English as a Foreign Language \n--- \nAcronym | TOEFL \nType | Internet-based or paper-based standardized test. \nDeveloper/administrator | Educational Testing Service \nKnowledge/skills tested | Reading, listening, speaking and writing of the English language. \nPurpose | To assess the English language proficiency of non-native English speakers. \nYear started | 1964; 54 years ago (1964) \nDuration | Internet-based test (iBT):3 hours 10 minutes to 4 hours 20 minutes (excluding 10-minute break in-between). Paper-based test (PBT):2 hours 20 minutes to 2 hours 30 minutes. \nScore/grade range | iBT:0 to 30 (in 1 point increments) on each of the 4 sections. So total of 0 to 120. PBT:Listening:31 to 68, Structure:31 to 69, Reading:31 to 67. Total of 310 to 677. Writing (separate):0 to 6. (All in 1 point increments.) \nScore/grade validity | 2 years \nOffered | iBT:More than 50 times a year. \nRestrictions on attempts | iBT:Can be taken only once in any 12-day period. \nCountries/regions | 4,500 test centers in 165 countries. \nLanguages | English \nAnnual number of test takers | ? \nPrerequisites/eligibility criteria | No official prerequisite. Intended for non-native English speakers. \nFee | iBT:US$160 to US$250, depending on the country. PBT:US$180. \nScores/grades used by | More than 10,000 colleges, agencies and other institutions in over 130 countries. \nWebsite | www.ets.org/toefl \n Unlike the TOEFL iBT and PBT tests, TOEFL ITP tests are administered by the institution and for internal use. It should not replace the need for the TOEFL iBT test, which is administered securely and includes Speaking and Writing components. There are two levels of TOEFL ITP:Level 1 (intermediate to advanced) and Level 2 (high beginning to intermediate). TOEFL ITP scores are mapped to the CEFR and test takers are provided with a certificate of achievement. \n The TOEFL ® paper-based Test (PBT) is available in limited areas. Scores are valid for two years after the test date, and test takers can have their scores sent to institutions or face time. \n The test was originally developed at the Center for Applied Linguistics under the direction of Stanford University applied linguistics professor Dr. Charles A. Ferguson. \n \n In 1965, The College Board and ETS jointly assumed responsibility for the continuation of the TOEFL testing program. \n IELTS Score | TOEFL Score | IELTS Description \n---|---|--- \n9 | 118-120 | Expert User \n8.5 | 115-117 | Very Good User \n8 | 110-114 \n7.5 | 102-109 | Good User \n7 | 94-101 \n6.5 | 79-93 | Competent User \n6 | 60-78 \n5.5 | 42-59 | Modest User \n5 | 35-41 \n4.5 | 32-34 | Limited User \n0-4 | 0-31 | Extremely Limited/Intermittent/Non User \n Initially, the demand for test seats was higher than availability, and candidates had to wait for months. It is now possible to take the test within one to four weeks in most countries. The four-hour test consists of four sections, each measuring one of the basic language skills (while some tasks require integrating multiple skills), and all tasks focus on language used in an academic, higher-education environment. Note-taking is allowed during the TOEFL iBT test. The test can not be taken more than once every 12 days. \n Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL/ˈtoʊfəl/TOH-fəl) is a standardized test to measure the English language ability of non-native speakers wishing to enroll in English-speaking universities. The test is accepted by many English-speaking academic and professional institutions. TOEFL is one of the two major English-language tests in the world, the other being the IELTS. \n The TOEFL test was first administered in 1964 by the Modern Language Association financed by grants from the Ford Foundation and Danforth Foundation. \n Since its introduction in late 2005, the TOEFL Internet-based Test (iBT) format has progressively replaced the computer-based tests (CBT) and paper-based tests (PBT), although paper-based testing is still used in select areas. The TOEFL iBT test has been introduced in phases, with the United States, Canada, France, Germany, and Italy in 2005 and the rest of the world in 2006, with test centers added regularly. The CBT was discontinued in September 2006 and these scores are no longer valid. \n * The final PBT score ranges between 310 and 677 and is based on three subscores:Listening (31–68), Structure (31–68), and Reading (31–67). Unlike the CBT, the score of the Writing component (referred to as the Test of Written English, TWE) is not part of the final score; instead, it is reported separately on a scale of 0–6. \n * The score test takers receive on the Listening, Structure and Reading parts of the TOEFL test is not the percentage of correct answers. The score is converted to take into account the fact that some tests are more difficult than others. The converted scores correct these differences. Therefore, the converted score is a more accurate reflection of the ability than the raw score is. \n\n\n 1. Listening (30–40 minutes) \n\n The Listening section consists of 3 parts. The first one contains 30 questions about short conversations. The second part has 8 questions about longer conversations. The last part asks 12 questions about lectures or talks. \n 2. Structure and Written Expression (25 minutes) \n\n The Structure and Written Expression section has 15 exercises of completing sentences correctly and 25 exercises of identifying errors. \n 3. Reading Comprehension (55 minutes) \n\n The Reading Comprehension sections has 50 questions about reading passages. \n 4. Writing (30 minutes) \n\n The TOEFL PBT administrations include a writing test called the Test of Written English (TWE). This is one essay question with 250–300 words in average. \n\n\n ETS has released tables to convert between iBT, CBT and PBT scores. \n TOEFL ITP (\"ITP\" stands for \"Institutional Testing Program\") tests are paper-based and use academic content to evaluate the English-language proficiency of non-native English speakers. The tests use new and previously administered TOEFL test questions and are used for placement, progress, evaluation, exit testing and other situations. The test scores, format and content of the test matches the \"TOEFL PBT\", with the exception of not including the TWE (Test of Written Expression)."
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"Twenty-fourth Level Twenty-fourth Level is a mystery novel by Kenneth Benton set in Brazil in the 1960s. Overseas Police Adviser Peter Craig interviews a Rio, Brazil diamond dealer to investigate the source of unusual stone samples that have appeared at the International Diamond Institute in London. In the course of a social engagement, Craig encounters and quarrels with Graben, a violent and corrupt engineer that he arrested while working in West Africa. Graben is accompanied by the Alcidia. That evening, Craig survives an assassination attempt. When the police are called, they reveal that the diamond dealer has been murdered. The police agree to question Graben, who has disappeared. The investigation leads into a nearby favela, then to a gold mine near Belo Horizonte, which is owned by Alcidia's father. Alcidia and Craig meet at the mine's Casa Grande, and discover they are attracted to one another. Alcidia instructs Craig on how best to infiltrate the mine. Exploring the mine, Craig discovers a cache of diamonds on the mine's lowest level, and realises that Graben has been covertly mining the stones, while buying stock in the mining company with the proceeds. Graben arrives with a Brazilian capoeirista henchman, Jair, and a captive Alcidia, and locks Alcidia and Craig in a mineshaft. The pair manage to alert the mineworkers, just before losing consciousness from the mine's extreme heat, and are treated at the mine's hospital. Craig escapes the hospital and confronts Graben and Jair. Craig convinces Jair that Graben has been deceiving him, and Jair kills Graben then attacks Craig. Craig manages to kill Jair, and returns to the mine hospital with letters that prove Graben's guilt. Craig wakes up to discover that de Sa has taken his evidence against Graben and is covering up the murders to draw attention away from Alcidia and Craig, but insists Craig leaves the country. Craig and Alcidia arrange to meet in London, but the novel ends on a sour note as both realise their romance will have to end before it has begun. Twenty-fourth Level Twenty-fourth Level is a mystery novel by Kenneth Benton set in Brazil in the 1960s. Overseas Police Adviser Peter Craig interviews a Rio, Brazil diamond dealer to investigate the source of unusual stone samples that have appeared at the International Diamond Institute in London. In the course of a social engagement, Craig encounters and quarrels with Graben, a violent and"
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"Greenacre Park Greenacre Park is a privately owned publicly-accessible vest-pocket park located on East 51st Street between Second and Third Avenues in the Midtown neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. The park, which is owned by Greenacre Foundation, was a 1971 gift from the philanthropist Abby Rockefeller Mauzé, the daughter of John D. Rockefeller Jr. and the granddaughter of John D Rockefeller. The park was assembled from three lots, which had previously been occupied by a store, a garage, and part of a synagogue. It features a waterfall, a trellis with heat lamps for chilly days, chairs and tables, as well as honey locust trees, azaleas, and pansies, which together attract an average of 700 visitors a day. In 1980, when a planned building would have blocked the park's sunlight, a campaign was launched to block the construction of the building. Then, in May 2017, a city rezoning plan, which would allow the building of taller buildings nearby the park, caused a controversy when the Greenacre Foundation claimed that the taller buildings would put the park in shadow a great deal of time. A city shadow study indicated that the park would not be adversely affected by the rezoning, but a study commissioned by the Foundation claimed that buildings on six particular sites could put the park completely in the dark; because of this the Foundation called for height limitations on those sites. Their \"Fight for Light\" campaign is supported by the Municipal Art Society, Manhattan Borough President Gale Brewer, New Yorkers for Parks, and the city councilman in whose district the park is located, Daniel R. Garodnick. In 2018 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Greenacre Park Greenacre Park is a privately owned publicly-accessible vest-pocket park located on East 51st Street between Second and Third"
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