Split (1)

train · 3.24M rows

chunks dict	ids stringclasses 1 value
{ "retrieved": [ "FirstMerit Corporation FirstMerit Corporation was a diversified financial services company headquartered in Akron, Ohio, with assets of approximately $26.2 billion as of June 30, 2016, and 359 banking offices and 400 ATM locations in Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois and Pennsylvania. FirstMerit provided a range of banking and other financial services to consumers and businesses. Principal affiliates included: FirstMerit Bank, N.A., and FirstMerit Mortgage Corporation. It was acquired by Huntington Bancshares in August 2016. FirstMerit predecessors go back as far as 1845. In 1981, First National Bank of Ohio and Old Phoenix National Bank of Medina merged into First Bancorporation of Ohio (First Ohio). The next year, First Ohio purchased Twinsburg Banking Company. In 1985, Exchange Bank in Canal Fulton in Stark County, Ohio was acquired by First Ohio. The Bank continued expansion in Ohio buying bank branches in many Ohio counties for the following nine years. Following the 1995 purchase of CIVISTA Corporation in Canton, Ohio, parent of Citizens Savings, the holding company name changed from First Bancorporation to FirstMerit Corporation. FirstMerit added to its portfolio in 1997 Abell & Associates, a life insurance and financial consulting firm. Expansion of the corporation continued in Ohio and Lawrence County, Pennsylvania with the purchase of 32 more branches. FirstMerit made two deals in 2009 with St. Louis-based First Bank and its affiliate for 24 Chicago-area branches with $1.2 billion in deposits and for the affiliates' asset-based loans. In 2010, the acquired First Banks are either closed or converted into FirstMerit branches. Expansion into Chicago continued that year with the acquisition of George Washington Savings Bank and Midwest Bank and Trust, both failed banks. On September 13, 2012, it was announced that FirstMerit would acquire Citizens Republic Bancorp in a stock-for-stock transaction valued at approximately $912 million. The acquisition is expected to close in the second quarter of 2013. With the stock payment worth less than the stock's tangible book value, several law firms started looking into a possible case of breached fiduciary duties by Citizens Republic Board of Directors. Sandy Pierce was appointed in January 2013 as FirstMerit's vice chair and chairman and CEO of FirstMerit Michigan. In early April, both Bank Corporations' shareholders approved the merger. On April 12, 2013, FirstMerit Corporation closed the acquisition of company which will operate as of April 13 as \"Citizens Bank, now part of FirstMerit Bank.\" The banks owned by Citizens Republic Bancorp were officially renamed FirstMerit Bank on June 13, 2013. On November 2013, the landmark Citizens Bank weather ball on top of the former Citizens Republic Bancorp headquarters in Flint, Michigan was refaced with the letters C B replaced with F M. On January 26, 2016, Huntington Bank announced it would purchase FirstMerit, subject to regulatory approval, in a deal that would make Huntington the largest bank in Ohio. Huntington completed the acquisition of FirstMerit on August 16. Due to anti-trust concerns by the Justice Department, 11 branches in Canton and two in Ashtabula are being sold to First Commonwealth Bank. Additionally 107 branches located within 2.5 miles of other Huntington / FirstMerit branches will be closed. All remaining FirstMerit branches and accounts are expected to be converted to Huntington in early 2017. FirstMerit, founded in 1845, is currently headquartered in Akron, Ohio at the FirstMerit Tower. The building, built in 1931, is the tallest in Akron with 27 floors. FirstMerit Corporation FirstMerit Corporation was a diversified financial services company headquartered in Akron, Ohio, with assets of approximately $26.2 billion as of June 30, 2016, and 359 banking offices and 400 ATM locations in Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois and Pennsylvania. FirstMerit provided a" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Samuel A. Ramirez Sr. Samuel A. Ramirez Sr. (born 1941) made Wall Street history by becoming the first Hispanic to launch a successful investment banking firm. Ramirez's parents moved from Puerto Rico to New York City in the late 1920s in search of a better way of life. They moved to Spanish Harlem where Ramirez was raised and educated. His father worked at the Brooklyn Navy Yard and his mother was a seamstress. After he graduated from high school, he applied for admission to go to college. Ramirez enrolled in Brooklyn's St. Francis College where he earned his bachelor's degree in Economics in 1965. He barely started college when during his summers he worked for Kidder, Peabody & Co. gaining experience in equity transactions. After he graduated, he went to work for the investment banking firm Stoever Glass & Co. During the years that he worked for Stoever Glass, he became an expert in municipal bonds and earned a reputation amongst the firms clientele as a reliable investor. The experience which Ramirez gained and the satisfaction of helping others to obtain their financial goals motivated him to start his own investment banking firm. In 1971, with an investment of $50,000, Ramirez launched his own firm \"Ramirez & Co.\". The company specializes in the distribution of municipal bonds, and provides retail and institutional sales along with investment banking services to corporations and state and local governments. In order to gain recognition and alliances from other firms, Ramirez decided to not make the yet small Hispanic market his primary focus. His reputation of putting an emphasis on the preservation of capital instead of running risks in pursuit of a big payoff, has been a prime factor in his clients entrusting him to $2 Billion dollars of investments. The company established an equity research department focusing on the growing market of Hispanic owned companies. In February 2004, the firm began offering the \"Ramírez Hispanic Index\". The index is set up as an equally weighted Unit Investment Trust (UIT), which means buyers invest equally in the 10 fastest-growing, Hispanic-owned companies in the United States, which include Univision, Banco Popular, and Doral Financial. The company purchased a five percent ownership in AztecAmerica Bank, based in Chicago, Illinois and headed by Carlos X. Montoya. This bank is actively positioning itself as a unique financial services bridge for Latinos. The firm operates out of eight offices across the United States, on both coasts and in Texas, Chicago, and San Juan, Puerto Rico and has a total of 110 employees. His son Samuel A. Ramirez Jr. is Senior Vice President and the Managing Director of the firm. His daughter Christa, also works for the company and has underwritten new issues and his son-in-law Chris Harpen, is an investment consultant. Ramirez's wife, Diane, is the president of Halstead Property, one of Manhattan's largest real estate companies. During his spare time he enjoys playing golf and working out. Samuel A. Ramirez Sr. and his son Samuel A. Ramirez Jr. were featured on the cover of the December 2005/January 2006 issue of Hispanic Trends Magazine. Samuel A. Ramirez Sr. Samuel A. Ramirez Sr. (born 1941) made Wall Street history by becoming the first Hispanic to launch a successful investment banking firm. Ramirez's parents moved from Puerto Rico to New York City in the late 1920s in search of a better way of life. They moved to Spanish Harlem where Ramirez was raised and educated. His father worked at the Brooklyn Navy Yard and his mother was a seamstress. After he graduated from high school, he applied for admission to go to" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Cyanotic heart defect Cyanotic heart defect is a group-type of congenital heart defect (CHD) that occurs due to deoxygenated blood bypassing the lungs and entering the systemic circulation or a mixture of oxygenated and unoxygenated blood entering the systemic circulation. It is caused by structural defects of the heart (i.e.: right-to-left, bidirectional shunting, malposition of the great arteries), or any condition which increases pulmonary vascular resistance. The result being the development of collateral circulation. According to a study in cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) in Sohag University, Upper Egypt. 50 neonates were diagnosed as suffering from cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD), they concluded that cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) frequency was significant (9.5%) with D-TGA being the commonest type. Majority of neonates with Cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) showed survival with suitable management. Cyanotic heart defect Cyanotic heart defect is a group-type of congenital heart defect (CHD) that occurs due to deoxygenated blood bypassing the lungs and entering the systemic circulation or a mixture of oxygenated and unoxygenated blood entering the systemic circulation. It is caused by structural defects of the heart (i.e.: right-to-left, bidirectional shunting, malposition of the great arteries), or any condition which increases pulmonary vascular resistance. The" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Maonan language The Maonan language is a Kam–Sui language spoken mainly in Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County, Hechi, northern Guangxi by the Maonan people. Approximately half of all Maonan people are capable of speaking Maonan. In addition to this, many Maonan also speak Chinese or a Zhuang language. About 1/3 of all people who self-identify as Maonan are concentrated in the southern Guizhou province. They speak a mutually unintelligible dialect commonly called \"Yanghuang\", which is more common known as the Then language in Western literature. The Maonan do not have a writing system. Other than Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County in Guangxi, Maonan is also spoken in the following locations. Maonan is a tonal language with 8 tones (Lu 2008:90–91), featuring an SVO clause construction (Lu 2008:169). For example: - - - Maonan displays a head-first modification structure, i.e. the modifier occurring after the modifier (Lu 2008:170). For example: - - - Occasionally, a head-final modification structure is also possible with the involvement of a possessive particle (P.P.) ti. For example: (cf. the more common bo ja:n nda:u) (Lu 2008:173-174). The Maonan writing system was established in 2010 based on the 26 Latin alphabets to facilitate standard keyboard input. The letters \"z, j, x, s, h\" are attached to the end of each syllable as tonal markers, representing tones 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 respectively. The first tone is not marked with tonal markers. Syllables ending in -b, -d, -g, -p, -t, -k are not marked with tonal markers, either. The writing system is being used among a limited number of Maonan intellectuals. For example: Maonan language The Maonan language is a Kam–Sui language spoken mainly in Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County, Hechi, northern Guangxi by the Maonan people. Approximately half of all Maonan people are capable of speaking Maonan. In addition to" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "It Ain't 4 Play It Ain't 4 Play is the first and only album released by American rap group, Funk Mobb. It was released July 15, 1996 on Sick Wid It Records and Jive Records. The album was produced by G-Note, D-Shot, K-1, K-Lou, Levitti, Mac Shawn, and Studio Ton. It peaked at number 46 on the \"Billboard\" Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and at number 28 on the \"Billboard\" Top Heatseekers. One single was released, \"I Wanna See Ya\". The last track, \"Mr. Bubble\", is a bonus track exclusive to the CD release. One song, \"It's Time to Mobb\", originally appeared on the Sick Wid It Records compilation, \"The Hogg in Me\". Allmusic – \"It Ain't 4 Play is an entertaining...set of Californian gangsta rap...the rhyming skills of the Funk Mobb are first-rate, making...this overlong album entertaining.\" It Ain't 4 Play It Ain't 4 Play is the first and only album released by American rap group, Funk Mobb. It was released July 15, 1996 on Sick Wid It Records and Jive Records. The album was produced by G-Note, D-Shot, K-1, K-Lou, Levitti, Mac Shawn, and Studio Ton. It peaked at number 46 on the \"Billboard\" Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and at number" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Eugene W. Chafin Eugene Wilder Chafin (November 1, 1852 – November 30, 1920) was a United States politician from the Prohibition Party. Chafin was born in East Troy, Wisconsin and worked as a lawyer in Waukesha, Wisconsin from 1876 to 1900. He was the Prohibition Party candidate for Congress (Wisconsin) in 1882 and (Chicago) in 1902, for Attorney-General of Wisconsin in 1886 and 1900, for Governor of Wisconsin in 1898, and for Attorney-General of Illinois in 1904. In 1908 he was appointed to the bar of the Supreme Court of the United States and in the following year moved to Arizona. While in Arizona he ran for that state's United States Senate Seat. He was the Prohibition Party candidate for President of the United States in the 1908 election and 1912 election receiving 253,840 and 207,972 votes, respectively, approximately 1.5% each time. He also ran as the Prohibition Party candidate in the U.S. Senate election in Arizona in 1914. He died in 1920 at his home in Long Beach, Los Angeles, California, and was later buried at Prairie Home Cemetery in Waukesha, Wisconsin. Chafin married Carrie Arvilla Hunkins, daughter of Robert Hastings Hunkins and Hannah Emerson on November 24, 1881. They had a daughter Desdemona Eleanor (born March 17, 1893). Eugene W. Chafin Eugene Wilder Chafin (November 1, 1852 – November 30, 1920) was a United States politician from the Prohibition Party. Chafin was born in East Troy, Wisconsin and worked as a lawyer in Waukesha, Wisconsin from 1876 to 1900. He was the Prohibition Party candidate for Congress (Wisconsin) in 1882 and (Chicago) in 1902, for Attorney-General of Wisconsin in 1886 and 1900, for Governor of Wisconsin in 1898, and for Attorney-General of Illinois in 1904. In 1908 he was appointed to the bar of the Supreme Court of" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "The day has been celebrated since 1788, when Governor Arthur Phillip declared a holiday to mark the birthday of King George III. Until 1936 it was held on the actual birthday of the Monarch, but after the death of King George V, it was decided to keep the date at mid-year. \n Boxing Day is on the day after Christmas, i.e. 26 December each year, except in South Australia. In South Australia, the first otherwise working day after Christmas is a public holiday called Proclamation Day. \n If a standard public holiday falls on a weekend, a substitute public holiday will sometimes be observed on the first non-weekend day (usually Monday) after the weekend, whether by virtue of the public holiday legislation or by ad hoc proclamation. If a worker is required to work on a public holiday or substituted public holiday, they will usually be entitled to be paid at a holiday penalty rate. \n The days of Easter vary each year depending on the day determined by the Western Christian calendar. Until 1994 Easter Tuesday was a Bank Holiday in Victoria (it retains this status partially in Tasmania). For the basis of how the days are determined see Easter. The NSW Public Holidays Act 2010 refers to the day after Good Friday as \"Easter Saturday,\" but the Victorian Public Holidays Act 1993 refers to it merely as \"the Saturday before Easter Sunday.\" \n Christmas is observed on 25 December each year to commemorate the birth of Jesus. In Australia, it was introduced with British settlement in 1788 as the cultural norms were transferred to the new colonies. Though a Christian religious festival, it does not breach the constitution's separation of Church and State provision, because it is declared under State law, which is not subject to the provision. \n Recorded celebrations of the 26 January date back to 1808 in Australia, and in 1818, Governor Lachlan Macquarie held the first official celebration of Australia Day. 26 January was chosen because it is the day of the establishment of the first English settlement at Port Jackson by Captain Arthur Phillip in 1788. It was made a public holiday in New South Wales in 1836, and Victoria adopted the day as a public holiday in 1931. The 26 January commenced to be recognised by all states and territories as Australia Day in 1946. \n In all states and territories except Queensland and Western Australia, Queen's Birthday is observed on the second Monday in June. Because Western Australia celebrates Western Australia Day (formerly Foundation Day) on the first Monday in June, the Governor of Western Australia proclaims the day on which the state will observe the Queen's Birthday, based on school terms and the Perth Royal Show. There is no firm rule to determine this date before it is proclaimed, though it is typically the last Monday of September or the first Monday of October:in 2011 the Queen's Birthday holiday in Western Australia was moved from Monday, 3 October 2011 to Friday, 28 October 2011 to coincide with the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM), which was held in Perth. \n Specifically, for 2015, 2016 and 2017:See Queensland Government–public holiday dates for 2015–2017 (1) \n If Christmas day (25 December) is a Saturday or Sunday, then 27 December is also a public holiday. \n If Boxing day (26 December) is a Saturday or Sunday, then 28 December is also a public holiday. \n Because of the variable days of Easter, Anzac day could fall on an Easter holiday. When ANZAC falls on Saturday, there is no week day public holiday. In such situations it is generally expected that the minister will proclaim extra public holidays on week-days to ensure every year has the same number of public holidays on week-days. \n Public holidays in Australia are declared on a state and territory basis. \n Melbourne Show Day used to be observed on the Thursday in the last full week of September as a half-day public holiday–later changing to full day–until 1994 (abolished by the state government). Easter Tuesday was observed as a Bank Holiday in Victoria until 1994 (also abolished by the state government). \n All states have their own public holidays in addition to national public holidays, and in some states public holidays are provided on a local basis, such as Melbourne Cup Day. \n On that day the \"Queen's Birthday honours list\" is released naming new members of the Order of Australia and other Australian honours. This occurs on the date observed in the Eastern States, not the date observed in Western Australia. \n * Sunday is nominally a public holiday in South Australia. \n * Proclamation Day is in December in South Australia only. \n * Canberra Day is held on the 2nd Monday in March in the ACT. Prior to 2008, this holiday was celebrated on the 3rd Monday of March. \n * Melbourne Cup Day is held on the first Tuesday of November–the day of the Melbourne Cup. It was originally observed only in the Melbourne metropolitan area. From 2007 to 2009 in ACT, Melbourne Cup day was also a holiday called \"Family and Community Day\". The holiday continues from 2010 but no longer coincides with Melbourne Cup day. In Victoria, the Public Holidays Act 1993 (Vic) was amended from 24 September 2008 and made the Melbourne Cup Day holiday applicable in all parts of the state (unless another day is observed in substitute). It also made the holiday applicable to employees covered by federal awards. \n * Recreation Day is the first Monday of November, and celebrated in Northern Tasmania where Regatta Day is not a holiday. \n * Regatta Day is the second Monday in February, and is celebrated in Southern Tasmania. Previously it was held on the second Tuesday in February. \n * Geelong Cup Day is held on the fourth Wednesday of October in the city of Geelong, Victoria \n * Queensland Day is celebrated on 6 June each year, but not with a public holiday. \n * Adelaide Cup Day is held on the second Monday in March in South Australia (held in May before 2006) \n * Western Australia Day in Western Australia on the first Monday in June. \n * Picnic Day in the Northern Territory in August, and also May Day \n * Tasmania has Easter Tuesday as a bank holiday (for bank and government employees only). \n * New South Wales has the first Monday in August as a bank holiday (for bank employees only). \n * Many cities and towns observe local public holidays for their local Agricultural Show. For example:\n * Darwin Show Day in Darwin area in late July \n * Royal Queensland Show Day in Brisbane area in August \n * Gold Coast Show in Gold Coast area in October", "Employee entitlements to public holidays and additional pay depend on whether they are covered by a federal award or agreement. \n * Melbourne Cup Day is observed in most of the state, but various cup days and show days in the state's west are locally substituted. See the list at (3). \n Date \| ACT \| NSW \| NT \| QLD \| SA \| TAS \| VIC \| WA \n---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n1 January \| New Year's Day \n26 January \| Australia Day \n2nd Monday in February \| No \| No \| No \| No \| No \| H Royal Hobart Regatta \| No \| No \n1st Monday in March \| No \| No \| No \| No \| No \| No \| No \| Labour Day \n2nd Monday in March \| Canberra Day \| No \| No \| No \| March Public Holiday (Adelaide Cup) * \| Eight Hours Day \| Labour Day \| No \nvariable date \| Good Friday \nEaster Saturday \| No \| Easter Saturday \| No \nEaster Sunday \| No \| No \| No \| No \| Easter Sunday \| No \nEaster Monday \nNo \| No \| No \| No \| No \| C Easter Tuesday \| No \| No \n25 April \| ANZAC Day \n1st Monday in May \| No \| No \| May Day \| Labour Day \| No \| No \| No \| No \n1st Monday in June \| No \| No \| No \| No \| No \| No \| No \| Western Australia Day \n2nd Monday in June \| Queen's Birthday \| No \| Queen's Birthday \| No \n1st Monday in August \| No \| No \| Picnic Day \| No \| No \| No \| No \| No \nvariable date \| No \| No \| No \| Royal Queensland Show \| No \| No \| No \| No \nAs proclaimed by the Governor of Western Australia (September/October) \| No \| No \| No \| No \| No \| No \| No \| Queen's Birthday \n1st Monday of 3rd term school holidays (Sept/Oct) ^ \| Family & Community Day \| No \| No \| No \| No \| No \| No \| No \nDay before the last Saturday in September or first Saturday in October \| No \| No \| No \| No \| No \| No \| Friday before the Australian Football League Grand Final \| No \n1st Monday in October \| Labour Day \| No \| Queen's Birthday \| Labour Day \| No \| No \| No \n1st Monday in November \| No \| No \| No \| No \| No \| NH Recreation Day \| No \| No \n1st Tuesday of November \| No \| No \| No \| No \| No \| No \| Melbourne Cup † \| No \n24 December \| No \| No * * \| P Christmas Eve \| No \| P Christmas Eve \| No \| No \| No \n25 December \| Christmas Day \n26 December \| Boxing Day \| Proclamation Day \| Boxing Day \n31 December \| No \| No \| P New Year's Eve \| No \| P New Year's Eve \| No \| No \| No \nTotal holidays \| 13 \| 11 \| 11+2 part days \| 11 \| 11+2 part days \| 12 \| 13 \| 10 \n Legend:\n C = Conditional:Public Service employees or where defined in Employment Agreement/Award \n H = Hobart area only \n NH = Not Hobart area \n ^ Note that when Family and Community Day falls on Labour Day holiday in the ACT, this holiday changes to the 2nd Monday of 3rd term school holidays. \n P Part day, from 7 pm to midnight \n † Outside of Melbourne, another day may be substituted instead. \n * The holiday is legislated for the 3rd Monday of May. Since 2006 it has been moved via the issuing of a special Proclamation by the Governor, to the 2nd Monday of March, on a trial basis. \n * * Depends on occupation, generally from 6 pm to midnight \n ANZAC Day commemoration features marches by veterans and by solemn \"Dawn Services\", a tradition started in Albany, Western Australia on 25 April 1923 and now held at war memorials around the country, accompanied by thoughts of those lost at war to the ceremonial sounds of The Last Post on the bugle. The fourth stanza of Laurence Binyon's poem For the Fallen (known as the \"Ode of Remembrance\") is often recited. \n Labour Day commemorates the achievements of the Australian labour movement. The celebration of Labour Day has its origins in the eight-hour day movement, which advocated eight hours for work, eight hours for recreation, and eight hours for rest. On 21 April 1856 Stonemasons and building workers on building sites around Melbourne, Australia, stopped work and marched from the University of Melbourne to Parliament House to achieve an eight-hour day. Their direct action protest was a success, and they are noted as the first organised workers in the world to achieve an eight-hour day with no loss of pay, which subsequently inspired the celebration of Labour Day and May Day. In Tasmania the public holiday is called Eight Hours Day and in the Northern Territory it is called May Day. \n Alcohol licences in several states prevent sale of alcohol on certain public holidays, such as Good Friday. \n Boxing Day is noted for the start of the post-Christmas sale season. The day has also become a significant sporting day. Melbourne hosts the Boxing Day Test match; the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race also starts on this day. \n The Queen's Birthday weekend and Empire Day, 24 May, were long the traditional times for public fireworks displays in Australia. Although they still occur, the tradition has recently been overshadowed by larger New Year's Eve fireworks, as the sale of fireworks to the public was banned by the states in the 1980s, and in the ACT as of 24 August 2009. \n New Year's Day:1 January, and if 1 January is a Saturday or Sunday, the following Monday. \n Australia Day:26 January, and if 26 January is a Saturday or Sunday, the following Monday. \n Good Friday:on the date it is publicly observed, always a Friday. \n The day after Good Friday:Always a Saturday, one day after Good Friday. \n Easter Monday:The next Monday after Good Friday. \n ANZAC Day:25 April, and if 25 April is a Sunday, 26 April. \n Labour Day (\"May Day\"):1st Monday in May. \n Birthday of the Sovereign:1st Monday in October. \n Christmas Day:25 December. \n Boxing Day:26 December. \n Public holidays are determined by a combination of:\n * Statutes, with specific gazetting of public holidays; and \n * Industrial awards and agreements.", "Public holidays generally follow the national pattern, but special cases are resolved by the State Government and advised by proclamation. Details of future holidays can be found on the NSW Industrial Relations website. Public holidays are regulated by the New South Wales Public Holidays Act 2010 No 115, which supersedes the Banks and Bank Holidays Act 1912 No 43. \n The minister of the state may proclaim and adjustments or additions, such as the date of the Brisbane Ekka Show day holiday. This day has historically always been proclaimed for the second Wednesday in August, except if there are 5 Wednesday's in August, in which case the third Wednesday in August. See Queensland Government–public holiday dates for 2015–2017 (2) \n Name \| ACT \| NSW \| NT \| QLD \| SA \| TAS \| VIC \| WA \n---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \nNew Year's Day \| Yes \nAustralia Day \| Yes \nEaster Monday \| Not applicable (always on a Monday) \| Yes (when another public holiday coincides) \nANZAC Day \| Yes \| No \| Yes \| No \| Yes \| No \| No \| Yes \nChristmas \| Yes \nBoxing Day/Proclamation Day \| Yes \| Yes \| Yes \| Sunday only \| Yes \nNew Year's Eve \| Not applicable (not a holiday) \| Sunday only \| Not applicable (not a holiday) \n When a public holiday falls on a weekend, the following work day may be considered a public holiday depending on the state/territory and the holiday in question. \n The Labour Day public holiday varies considerably between the various states and territories. It is the first Monday in October in the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales and South Australia. In both Victoria and Tasmania, it is the second Monday in March. In Western Australia, Labour Day is the first Monday in March. In the Northern Territory and Queensland, it is the first Monday in May. \n The Victorian public holidays are as follows:\n Since Easter Monday can occur as late as 26 April (see Date of Easter) it is possible for the Easter Monday holiday to coincide with Anzac Day, as occurred in 2011. State Acts do not give a provision to separate the days when this occurs, so no additional public holiday is given by law. However an extra day is usually proclaimed by the minister, so as to have a steady number of public holidays each year. In the year 2038, Anzac Day will coincide with Easter Sunday. \n Name \| Date \n---\|--- \nNew Year \| 1 January \nAustralia Day \| 26 January \nLabour Day \| 2nd Monday in March \nGood Friday \| Friday before Easter \nHoly Saturday \| Day before Easter \nEaster Sunday \| Day of Easter \nEaster Monday \| Day after Easter \nAnzac Day \| 25 April \nQueen's Birthday \| 2nd Monday in June \nDay before Australian Football League Grand Final \| Variable date in late September/early October \nMelbourne Cup Day \| 1st Tuesday of November * \nChristmas \| 25 December \nBoxing Day \| 26 December \n The entitlement to penalty rates was eliminated entirely in many workplaces under WorkChoices; however since the implementation of the Fair Work Act 2009 and the modern awards in 2010, most public holiday penalty rates have increased dramatically. Currently, employees are generally paid at a penalty rate–usually 2.5 times (known as \"double time and a half\") the base rate of pay when they work on a public holiday. \n Note:Holidays that always fall on a particular day of the week are not listed in this table. Prior to 2008, Victorian law only specified substitute holidays for New Year and Boxing Day, and only if they fell on a Sunday. From 2008, Victorian law specifies the substitute holidays in the table above. \n Besides designating days as public holidays, some of these days are also designated as restricted trading days. \n Since 1960, the winner of the Australian of the Year award is announced by the Prime Minister on the eve of Australia Day (25 Jan). \n Nationally, Australia Day was originally celebrated on 30 July 1915 \n Public holidays in Victoria are regulated by the Victorian Public Holidays Act 1993. \n The days are set in the \"Holidays Act 1983\". Holidays Act 1983 (PDF) Most public holidays include a second public holiday on a week-day if they happen to fall on Saturday or Sunday. In which case, both days are public holidays. \n Employees not covered by a federal award or agreement are entitled to public holidays under the Victorian Public Holidays Act 1993. Also, all permanent employees not covered by a federal award or agreement who would normally work on a public holiday (or a substitute public holiday) are entitled to the holiday without loss of pay. Their employers are not required to provide additional payment if they work on a public holiday, but this does not exclude the possibility of employees and employers negotiating for additional pay. \n Victorian employees fall under the Workchoices system either as coming within the Commonwealth constitutional power (called \"constitutional corporation employees\") or because of Victoria's referral of its legislative powers to the Commonwealth for particular workplace relations matters. \n Penalty rates are the rates of pay which an employee is paid higher than their standard base rate for working at times or on days, such as public holidays, which are outside the normal working week. These rates of pay are set by the Fair Work Ombudsman. they were introduced in 1947 for workers who those days were Christians for Sabbath. \n In August 2015, the day before the AFL Grand Final, as well as Easter Sunday, were gazetted as Public Holidays within Victoria. This date of the holiday is as gazetted by the Victorian Government and can not be accurately predicted. \n Australia Day has (only) been celebrated as a national public holiday on 26th January since 1994.. \n Employees who are covered by a federal award or agreement are entitled to public holidays as provided by the relevant federal award or agreement and the Public Holidays Act 1993. Many federal awards and agreements also provide for additional penalty rates for work performed on a public holiday. \n ANZAC Day is a day on which the country remembers those citizens who fell fighting or who served the country in wars. ANZAC Day is commemorated on 25 April every year. The tradition began to remember the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) soldiers who landed at Gallipoli in Turkey during World War I. \n The first Monday in August is a Bank Holiday, during which banks and financial institutions are closed. \n Restricted shop trading laws apply to Good Friday, Christmas Day and before 1 pm on Anzac Day. On these days only exempted businesses are permitted to open for trading. All public holidays and substitute public holidays are bank holidays. \n Traditionally, people who work, either in the public or private sector, were entitled to take off a public holiday with regular pay. In recent years this tradition has somewhat changed. For example, businesses that are normally open on a public holiday may request employees to work on the day. Refusal can only be denied by the employer on reasonable business grounds." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "New Smyrna Beach, Florida New Smyrna Beach is a city in Volusia County, Florida, United States, located on the central east coast of the state, with the Atlantic Ocean to the east. Its population was estimated to be 23,230 in 2013 by the United States Census Bureau. The downtown section of the city is located on the west side of the Indian River and the Indian River Lagoon system. The Coronado Beach Bridge crosses the Intracoastal Waterway just south of Ponce de Leon Inlet, connecting the mainland with the beach on the coastal barrier island. The surrounding area offers many opportunities for outdoor recreation: these include fishing, sailing, motorboating, golfing and hiking. Visitors participate in water sports of all kinds, including swimming, scuba diving, kitesurfing, and surfing. In July 2009, New Smyrna Beach was ranked number nine on the list of \"best surf towns\" in \"Surfer.\" It was recognized as \"one of the world's top 20 surf towns\" by \"National Geographic.\" in 2012. The area was first settled by Europeans in 1768, when Scottish physician Dr. Andrew Turnbull, a friend of James Grant, the governor of British East Florida, established the colony of New Smyrna. Dr. Turnbull had married the daughter of a Greek merchant at Smyrna in Greece and so named it in honor of his wife’s birthplace and the homeland of those in his future labor force who were Greek.. No one had previously attempted to settle so many people at one time in a town in North America. Turnbull recruited about 1300 settlers, intending for them to grow hemp, sugarcane, and indigo, as well as to produce rum, at his plantation on the northeastern Atlantic coast of Florida. The majority of the colonists came from Menorca (historically called \"Minorca\"), one of the Mediterranean Balearic Islands of Spain, and were of Catalan culture and language. Around 500 or so came from Greece. Although the colony produced relatively large amounts of processed indigo in its first few years of operation, it eventually collapsed after suffering major losses due to insect-borne diseases and Indian raids, and growing tensions caused by mistreatment of the colonists on the part of Turnbull and his overseers. The survivors, about 600 in number, marched nearly 70 miles north on the King's Road and relocated to St. Augustine, where their descendants live to this day. In 1783, East and West Florida were returned to the Spanish, and Turnbull abandoned his colony to retire in Charleston, South Carolina. The St. Photios Greek Orthodox National Shrine on St. George Street in St. Augustine honors the Greeks among the settlers of New Smyrna; they were the first Greek Orthodox followers in North America. The historical exhibit adjoining the chapel tells the story of their plight, with accompanying exhibits, and of their contributions to the city. Central Florida remained sparsely populated by white settlers well into the 19th century, and it was frequently raided by Seminole Indians trying to protect their territory. United States troops fought against them in the Seminole Wars, but they were never completely dislodged. During the Civil War in the 1860s, the \"Stone Wharf\" of New Smyrna was shelled by Union gunboats. In 1887, when New Smyrna was incorporated, it had a population of 150. In 1892, Henry Flagler provided service to the town via his Florida East Coast Railway. This led to a rapid increase in the area's population. Its economy grew as tourism was added to its citrus and commercial fishing industries. During Prohibition in the 1920s, the city and its river islands were popular sites for moonshine stills and hideouts for rum-runners, who came from the Bahamas through Mosquito Inlet, now Ponce de León Inlet. \"New Smyrna\" became \"New Smyrna Beach\" in 1947, when the city annexed the seaside community of Coronado Beach. Today, it is a resort town of over 20,000 permanent residents. Like St. Augustine, established by the Spanish, New Smyrna has been under the rule of four \"flags\": the British, Spanish, United States (from 1821, with ratification of the Adams–Onís Treaty), and the Confederate Jack. After the end of the Civil War in 1865, it returned with Florida to the United States. \"See also:\" New Smyrna Beach Historic District New Smyrna Beach's motto is \"cygnus inter anates\", which is Latin for \"a swan among ducks.\" The city is located in the so-called \"Fun Coast\" region of the state of Florida, a regional term created by the Daytona Beach/Halifax area Chamber of Commerce. This coincides with the local area code, 386, which spells FUN on touchtone phones. According to the United States Census Bureau, it has a total area of . of it is land, and of it (8.46%) is covered by water. It is bordered by the city of Port Orange to the northwest, unincorporated Volusia County to the north, the census-designated place of Samsula-Spruce Creek to the west, and the cities of Edgewater and Bethune Beach and the Canaveral National Seashore to the south. Bounded on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, New Smyrna Beach is on the Indian River. The city is connected to other parts of the state by Interstate 95, U.S. Route 1, State Road 44, and State Road 442. Like the rest of Florida north of Lake Okeechobee, New Smyrna Beach has a humid subtropical (Köppen \"Cfa\") climate characterized by hot, humid summers and mild, mostly dry winters. The rainy season lasts from May until October, and the dry season, from November to April. New Smyrna averages only about four frosts per year, and many species of subtropical plants and palms are grown in the area. The city has recorded snowfall only three times in its 250-year history. The summers are long and hot, with frequent severe thunderstorms in the afternoon, as central Florida is the lightning capital of North America. Winters are pleasant with frequent sunny skies and dry weather. Weather hazards include hurricanes from June until November, though direct hits are rare. Hurricane Charley exited over New Smyrna Beach on August 13, 2004, after crossing the state in a northeastern direction from its initial landfall in Punta Gorda. The storm caused extensive damage to the beachside portion of the city, and toppled many historic oak trees in the downtown area and along historic Flagler Avenue. As of the census of 2010, 22,464 people, 11,074 households, and 6,322 families resided in the city. The population density was 724.1 inhabitants per square mile (279.5/km). The 16,647 housing units averaged 491.9 per square mile (189.9/km). The racial makeup of the city was 90.8% White, 5.9% African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 2.8% of the population. Of the 11,074 households, 14.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.1% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.9% were not families. About 35.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.01 and the average family size was 2.54. In the city, the population was distributed as 13.9% under the age of 18, 3.6% from 20 to 24, 17.9% from 25 to 44, 31.3% from 45 to 64, and 31.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 54.3 years. Females were 52.1% of the population, and males were 47.9%. The median income for a household in the city was $49,625, and for a family was $62,267. Males had a median income of $38,132 versus $32,087 for females. The per capita income for the city was $31,013. About 10.9% of families and 13.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.9% of those under age 18 and 8.3% of those age 65 or over. The population continues to increase with new condo development. All public education is run by Volusia County Schools. Named one of \"America's Top Small Cities for the Arts\", New Smyrna Beach is home to the Atlantic Center for", "the age of 18, 3.6% from 20 to 24, 17.9% from 25 to 44, 31.3% from 45 to 64, and 31.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 54.3 years. Females were 52.1% of the population, and males were 47.9%. The median income for a household in the city was $49,625, and for a family was $62,267. Males had a median income of $38,132 versus $32,087 for females. The per capita income for the city was $31,013. About 10.9% of families and 13.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.9% of those under age 18 and 8.3% of those age 65 or over. The population continues to increase with new condo development. All public education is run by Volusia County Schools. Named one of \"America's Top Small Cities for the Arts\", New Smyrna Beach is home to the Atlantic Center for the Arts, an artists-in-residence community and educational facility, the Harris House, the Little Theatre, and a gallery of fine arts, Arts on Douglas. Arts shows featuring visual and performing arts occur throughout the year. According to the \"International Shark Attack File\" maintained by the University of Florida, in 2007, Volusia County had more confirmed shark bites than any other region in the world. Experts from the university have referred to the county as having the \"dubious distinction as the world's shark-bite capital\". The trend continued in 2008, during which time the town broke its own record, with 24 shark bites. An \"Orlando Sentinel\" photographer shot a picture of a four-foot spinner shark jumping over a surfer, a reversal of \"jumping the shark\". Sharks bit three different surfers on September 18, 2016, in the span of a few hours at the same beach. Elected city government officials include: New Smyrna Beach, Florida" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Pathirakalam Pathirakalam (English: Nocturnal Times) is a 2018 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by Priyanandanan and starring Mythili. The film is about the dark and violent activities that happen in society today. The plot begins with finding Hussain who is a renowned researcher at Berlin University of the Arts and the father of Jahanara (Mythili), the main protagonist. Hussain has missing for the past three months and there has been no followup on the missing case by the local police or judiciaries. Jahanara decides to take things into her own hands and, with her friend Mahesh Jahanara, sets out to find her father. The story follows Jahanara's journey and the difficulties and problems she encounters. Pathirakalam Pathirakalam (English: Nocturnal Times) is a 2018 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by Priyanandanan and starring Mythili. The film is about the dark and violent activities that happen in society today. The plot begins with finding Hussain who is a renowned researcher at Berlin University of the Arts and the father of Jahanara (Mythili), the main protagonist. Hussain has missing for the past three months and there has been no followup on the missing case by the local police or judiciaries. Jahanara decides to take things" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Flowing-afterglow mass spectrometry Flowing-afterglow mass spectrometry (FA-MS), is an analytical chemistry technique for the sensitive detection of trace gases. Trace gas molecules are ionized by the production and flow of thermalized hydrated hydronium cluster ions in a plasma afterglow of helium or argon carrier gas along a flow tube following the introduction of a humid air sample. These ions react in multiple collisions with water molecules, their isotopic compositions reach equilibrium and the relative magnitudes of their isotopomers are measured by mass spectrometry. Over the years many variations of the instrument have been made. In the beginning during the 1960s there was the study of flowing afterglow plasma. This study was done by Eldon Ferguson, Art Schmeltekopf and Fred Fehsenfeld at National Bureau of Standards in Boulder, Colorado. Then in the 1970s it was flowing drift tube, flowing afterglow Langmuir probe (FALP), and variable temperature flowing afterglow Langmuir probe (VT-FLAP). With the addition of the drift tube the kinetics of a reaction could be studied in the gas phase. With the flowing afterglow Langmuir probe the electron density within the reaction region of the drift tube can be studied. With the VT-FLAP version of flowing afterglow the reactions temperature dependence could be studied. Now in the 2000s the ambient version of flowing afterglow mass spectrometry is flowing atmospheric pressure afterglow mass spectrometry (FAPA-MS).The FAPA allows for simple or no sample preparations but the humidity of the instrument's environment may have an effect on an sample fragmentation pattern. Since the cost of helium is steady rising some have started to use alternative methods with ambient flowing afterglow to conserve resources. Instead of using continuously flowing afterglow helium some use interrupted helium flow to conserve gas and Schlieren imaging to maximize the molecular ions produced and the instrument step-up. One of the first papers reporting the use of the flowing afterglow studied ion-molecule reactions pertinent to the Martian atmosphere. This flowing afterglow technique replaced the then standard stationary afterglow when the movable Langmuir probe was introduced. The flowing afterglow has many attractive aspects: well-understood laminar behavior, viscous gas flow, a large density of carrier gas which allows the study of thermalized reactions, and the capability to make new reactant ions in situ. The ambipolar plasma is sampled using a nosecone and detected using conventional quadrupole or tandem mass spectrometry, depending on the application. One of the drawbacks of the flowing afterglow technique is the possibility of generating multiple reactant ions. This problem is circumvented by implementing the selected ion flow tube (SIFT). The flowing afterglow technique can be used to identify and quantify the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of a sample as long as the fundamental ion chemistry is known. The commonly used ions are HO, O, and NO. All ions have drawbacks and advantages. Strategies that have been employed to identify the VOCs include using gas chromatography coupled with flowing afterglow and using a complement of reagent ions. Also in addition to being able to detect volatile organic compounds, the flowing afterglow technique has also been used to study chronic kidney disease. Studies have been done to create a spectrum of deuterium water and its isotopes to measure total body water, which can be used to determine the water body overload of a patient. That measurement will then be used to determine the stage of renal failure for a patient. Flowing-afterglow mass spectrometry Flowing-afterglow mass spectrometry (FA-MS), is an analytical chemistry technique for the sensitive detection of trace gases. Trace gas molecules are ionized by the production and flow of thermalized hydrated hydronium cluster ions in a plasma afterglow of helium" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "1908 West Carmarthenshire by-election The West Carmarthenshire by-election, 1908 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of West Carmarthenshire in West Wales on 26 February 1908. Under the provisions of the Succession to the Crown Act of 1707 and a number of subsequent Acts, MPs appointed to certain ministerial and legal offices were at this time required to seek re-election. The West Carmarthenshire by-election was caused by the appointment of the sitting Liberal MP, John Lloyd Morgan as Recorder of Swansea. Morgan, who had held the seat since 1889, having been unopposed at the general elections of 1900 and 1906 fought the seat again in the Liberal interest but, again, there were no nominations against him and he was therefore returned unopposed. 1908 West Carmarthenshire by-election The West Carmarthenshire by-election, 1908 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of West Carmarthenshire in West Wales on 26 February 1908. Under the provisions of the Succession to the Crown Act of 1707 and a number of subsequent Acts, MPs appointed to certain ministerial and legal offices were at this time required to seek re-election. The West Carmarthenshire by-election was caused by the appointment of" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "The British Four-wheel Drive Tractor Lorry Super Engineering Company The British Four-wheel Drive Tractor Lorry Super Engineering Company was an engineering company based in Slough (Berkshire, England) during the 1920s. It was the UK-based subsidiary of the Four Wheel Drive which had been founded in 1909 in Clintonville, Wisconsin by Otto Zachow and William Besserdich. The UK subsidiary was formed by Henry Nyberg and Chares Cleaver and operated from premises on the Slough Trading Estate. In 1922 they supplied a 4-wheel rail lorry to the Derwent Valley Light Railway which was located in Yorkshire. The lorry was unsuccessful struggling with heavy loads and was returned to its manufacturer. Other lorries were sold, one operating at Dinorwic Quarry for many years. Later in the 1920s the company was recorded as building half-tracks for military use and by 1929 was marketing a lorry. The company did not seem to get sufficient support from the parent so on 15 October 1929 they entered into an agreement with the Associated Equipment Company (AEC) and on 31 October 1929 a new company called 4-wheel Drive Motors Limited was formed with the major shareholder being the Underground Electric Railways Company of London Limited with Nyberg and Cleaver holding the remaining shares. The British Four-wheel Drive Tractor Lorry Super Engineering Company The British Four-wheel Drive Tractor Lorry Super Engineering Company was an engineering company based in Slough (Berkshire, England) during the 1920s. It was the UK-based subsidiary of the Four Wheel Drive which had been founded in 1909 in Clintonville, Wisconsin by Otto Zachow and William Besserdich. The UK subsidiary was formed by Henry Nyberg and Chares Cleaver and operated from premises on the Slough Trading Estate. In 1922 they supplied a 4-wheel rail lorry to the Derwent Valley Light Railway which was located in Yorkshire. The" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Landing of the first Filipinos On 18 October 1587, the first Filipinos landed onto what is now the Continental United States in Morro Bay. They arrived aboard the \"Nuestra Señora de Buena Esperanza\", which had sailed from Macao, as part of the Manila galleon trade. During about three days of travels ashore around Morro Bay, the crew of the \"Nuestra Señora de Buena Esperanza\" came in contact with the Chumash people, ultimately resulting in the deaths of two crew members: one Spaniard and one Filipino. Departing Morro Bay after the deaths of the crew members, the \"Nuestra Señora de Buena Esperanza\" eventually reached its initial destination of Acapulco. The next time a Filipino would be documented in California would not be until 1595. In 1995, a monument on Morro Bay was dedicated to commemorate the events that occurred in 1587. Beginning in 2009, October was recognized as Filipino American History Month in recognition of the events that occurred in 1587. Thousands of years before their first contact with Europeans, the Chumash people made the region around the Channel Islands and areas from San Luis Obispo to Malibu their territories. At the beginning of the 16th century, European explorers began to explore the Pacific. The Spanish traveled westward with Vasco Núñez de Balboa first seeing the Pacific Ocean from Panama, then the Pacific was crossed by Ferdinand Magellan, who reached the Philippines. The Chumash's first contact with Europeans occurred on 10 October 1542, when Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo's expedition sailed into the area. Their next contact with Europeans would be 45 years later. Beginning in the mid-16th century, led by Miguel López de Legazpi, Spain conducted its campaign to conquer the Philippines, concluding with Spanish forces repelling Chinese ambitions to control Manila. As a consequence of the conquest of the Philippines, in 1565 the Manila galleon trade began, sailing from Acapulco initially to Cebu, and after 1571 to Manila. These ships were crewed largely by Filipinos, or \"Indios Luzones\" as they were known at the time. The Filipinos who sailed experienced arduous conditions, poor rations, disease, and the lowest pay among the crew. From 1582 until his death, Francisco Gali plied the Manila galleon route, initially as a navigator; on his return voyage to Mexico, which ended in 1584, Gali navigated the ship he was on to a high latitude, which brought the ship along the North American coast, which Gali had thought was astride the Strait of Anián. In 1585, a mission from Archbishop Pedro Moya de Contreras to survey the California coast, and to avoid China, was given to the westward-bound captain of the Manila Galleon, who at that time was Gali. Gali died in Manila later that year, leaving the mission to one Pedro de Unamuno. Unamuno, who had sailed with Gali from Acapulco, had been paid by merchants there to acquire goods in China. Upon reaching Macao, Portuguese authorities seized his two galleons, leaving him and his crew stuck in China. Hearing of this, the Real Audiencia of Manila sought the arrest of Unamuno for disobeying instructions to avoid China. Fortunate for Unamuno, who would have received the death penalty for his insubordination, Franciscans who wanted to return to Mexico provided the funds to purchase a ship, which was christened the \"Nuestra Señora de Buena Esperanza\". One of those Franciscans was Martín Ignacio de Loyola; another person who came aboard for the eastward journey was a Japanese boy. The ship was a fragata. Leaving the Far East in mid-July 1587, the \"Nuestra Señora de Buena Esperanza\" sailed eastward across the Pacific Ocean for a largely uneventful trip. In early September, the ship was damaged when the \"masts were sprung\". More than a month on, the ship spotted land through a fog and fires were seen onshore. Initial reconnaissance led to the discovery of Morro Bay, which had resources that could replenish the ship's provisions; there were also trees which could be utilized for masts. When people were observed on a hill looking at their ship, it was decided that a landing party should go ashore and claim the bay. On 18 October, the feast day of San Lucas, the initial landing parties came ashore. One party consisted of Unamuno and a dozen soldiers, another party \"Luzon Indians\" and a priest; the priest was Father Martín Ignacio de Loyola, nephew of Ignatius of Loyola. Two of the Filipinos went ahead of the parties scouting for the locals observed from the ship. Initial attempts to make contact with local people were unsuccessful. When a group of nine Native Americans was observed, they ran off before the landing party could attempt to communicate with them. Taking possession of the land, placing a cross atop a hill as a sign of the claim, the landing party returned to the ship. After a second landing the next day for exploration and gathering of supplies for the ship, the landing party spent the night ashore, camping on land. The next morning, part of the landing party was approached by 23 Native Americans, who ended up taking clothing and canteens from the landing party. Not long after, an attempt to capture Loyola was stopped when a gun was fired. Afterwards, the landing party began to return to their ship and were attacked, resulting in the deaths of one Spaniard and one Filipino, both due to javelin wounds, and several others injured. Reinforced by a complement from the ship, the group repelled the attack. The next day, the 21st of October, the galleon departed, continuing its journey to Acapulco. After departing Morro Bay, the \"Nuestra Señora de Buena Esperanza\" sailed southward. It was a few days behind the \"Santa Ana\", which had sailed at a lower latitude eastward and ultimately fell victim to Thomas Cavendish's privateering, a fate which the \"Nuestra Señora de Buena Esperanza\" avoided. Inland expeditions were prohibitive following the hostility encountered at Morro Bay, and attempts to contour the coastline were made difficult due to poor weather, including fog. More than a month after departing, the \"Nuestra Señora de Buena Esperanza\" arrived at Acapulco. After its initial voyage across the Pacific, the \"Nuestra Señora de Buena Esperanza\" continued to be utilized in the Manila galleon trade, but was lost off the coast of Negros Island in 1647. The next documentation of Filipinos in California would be in 1595, when the Manila galleon \"San Agustin\" was wrecked at Point Reyes. Unlike the interaction of the crew of the \"Nuestra Señora de Buena Esperanza\" with the local people, the encounter of the \"San Agustín\" with the Coast Miwok did not result in deaths. In November 1595, the \"San Agustin\" became the first European ship to wreck on the California coast. Following the wrecking of the \"San Agustin\", which resulted in a few deaths among the crew, the crew departed in a salvaged launch and made it to Acapulco. As late as the Portolà expedition, the Chumash maintained a large population within their lands. However, by the 1910 United States Census, fewer than one hundred remained. One reason for the reduction of their population was introduction of Old World diseases. These diseases included pleuropneumonia and smallpox. The discovery of \"Puerto San Lucas\" by the crew of the galleon was recorded in the logs of the voyage. However, the discovery faded into obscurity, until 1929 when it was translated into English, and published by the California Historical Society. Before then it was believed that Unamuno had sailed into Monterey Bay; another early 20th century source pointed towards Cape Mendocino or San Francisco Bay. More recently, the precise location of where the landing occurred has come into dispute, citing inaccurate navigation tools and presumptions in past writings of the event. The 1587 event marks the first documentated instance of Asians in what is now California, in what is now the United States, in North America, and in the Americas. The landing of the first Filipinos at Morro Bay,", "smallpox. The discovery of \"Puerto San Lucas\" by the crew of the galleon was recorded in the logs of the voyage. However, the discovery faded into obscurity, until 1929 when it was translated into English, and published by the California Historical Society. Before then it was believed that Unamuno had sailed into Monterey Bay; another early 20th century source pointed towards Cape Mendocino or San Francisco Bay. More recently, the precise location of where the landing occurred has come into dispute, citing inaccurate navigation tools and presumptions in past writings of the event. The 1587 event marks the first documentated instance of Asians in what is now California, in what is now the United States, in North America, and in the Americas. The landing of the first Filipinos at Morro Bay, which occurred 33 years before the events at Plymouth Rock, is often overlooked, even by Filipino Americans. For instance, the Filipinos who landed in 1587 have been described as \"invading troops\", and more focus is placed on Filipino immigration to the United States during, and after, the American period. Although the landing is an important milestone, it would not be until the latter half of the 18th century when Filipinos finally began to settle in what would become part of the continental United States. Beginning in 1992, the Filipino American National Historical Society (FANHS) began efforts to commemorate the landing. On 21 October 1995, with the mayor of Morro Bay in attendance, a monument was placed at Morro Bay to commemorate the events of 1587. The monument was placed in Coleman Park. By 2009, after follow-up efforts by FANHS, Filipino American History Month was recognized by California, as well as nationally by resolutions in state and national legislatures; it occurs every October, in recognition of the landing at Morro Bay. Landing of the first Filipinos On 18 October 1587, the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Intellcorp Intellcorp is a Lisbon, Portugal, based international intelligence and security firm that works in Portuguese-speaking markets. The company also has offices in Brasilia, Brazil, Maputo, Mozambique, Dubai, UAE, and New York City. Intellcorp was founded by David G. Santos and Ruben Ribeiro in 2016. Santos has worked as a professor at the University of Beira Interior since 2009 having taught Political Science and International Relations for 5 years. He was also a chairman, co-founder and shareholder for a period of five years in an investment consulting company that worked specifically in Africa and the Gulf. Ribeiro on the other hand worked as an Information Officer at the Strategic Defense Information Service (SIED) where he had worked in strategic and tactical analysis as well as in the operational area. The company became the first Portuguese speaking company working in global intelligence and security for both public and private sector. The company works on protecting personal lives of its customers from criminal elements as well as works as in the business intelligence. Intellcorp assists other companies in entering Portuguese speaking markets by connecting them with decision makers and influences. The company has hired over 70 employees who are former intelligence officers, diplomats, ex-security forces personnel, ex-special forces and analysts. These in combination with the founders experiences have received extensive media coverage in regards to IntellCorp. Intellcorp is a member of AFCEA. Intellcorp Intellcorp is a Lisbon, Portugal, based international intelligence and security firm that works in Portuguese-speaking markets. The company also has offices in Brasilia, Brazil, Maputo, Mozambique, Dubai, UAE, and New York City. Intellcorp was founded by David G. Santos and Ruben Ribeiro in 2016. Santos has worked as a professor at the University of Beira Interior since 2009 having taught Political Science and International Relations for 5 years. He" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "XO-2 (star) XO-2 Is a binary star. It consists of two components: XO-2S (Also known as XO-2A) and XO-2N (Also known as XO-2B). This system is located approximately 500 light-years away from Earth in the Lynx constellation. Both of these stars are slightly cooler than the Sun and are nearly identical to each other. The system has a magnitude of 11 and cannot be seen with the naked eye but is visible through a small telescope. These stars are also notable for their large proper motions. XO-2N and XO-2S have a separation of approximately AU. One known exoplanet, XO-2Nb (or rarely XO-2Bb), which is classified as a hot Jupiter, was discovered by the XO Telescope using the transit method orbiting XO-2N (XO-2B) in 2007. Two planets were reported to orbit around XO-2S in 2014 using radial velocity method. One of them is Jupiter-mass and another has a mass comparable to Saturn. Both stars also show RV-trends, which may indicate the presence of additional long-periodic jovians or brown dwarfs around each of them. XO-2 (star) XO-2 Is a binary star. It consists of two components: XO-2S (Also known as XO-2A) and XO-2N (Also known as XO-2B). This system is located approximately" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Erkki Pulliainen Erkki Ossi Olavi Pulliainen (born June 23, 1938) is a Finnish biologist and politician and former member of Finnish Parliament, representing the Green League. He was first elected to the parliament in 1987 and was continuously a member until the election in spring 2011. From 1985 to 1999 he was also a member of the city council of Oulu. Pulliainen has held positions of trust in numerous scientific and political organisations. Pulliainen was born in Varkaus, Finland. He has a Ph.D. in zoology and a master's degree in agriculture and forestry. During his career he has been the professor of zoology at the University of Oulu and the dean of the faculty of science until his retirement. He was also a reader at the University of Helsinki where he performed extensive research on large carnivores in the Nordic fauna. Pulliainen has published more than 500 scientific articles and more than 30 books. An expert on wolves and dogs, he is popularly known as \"Susi\" (\"Wolf\") Pulliainen. Pulliainen is married to Riitta Haaranen and they have three children, Annariina (b. 1978), Annamiina (b. 1981), and Rauli (b. 1983). He also has two children, Harri (b. 1962), Virpi (b. 1963), from a previous marriage. In his free time Pulliainen enjoys fishing, hunting, philately, and classical music. Erkki Pulliainen Erkki Ossi Olavi Pulliainen (born June 23, 1938) is a Finnish biologist and politician and former member of Finnish Parliament, representing the Green League. He was first elected to the parliament in 1987 and was continuously a member until the election in spring 2011. From 1985 to 1999 he was also a member of the city council of Oulu. Pulliainen has held positions of trust in numerous scientific and political organisations. Pulliainen was born in Varkaus, Finland. He has a Ph.D. in" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Torbert Street Livery Stables Torbert Street Livery Stables, also known as Hercules Powder Company Printing Department, Charles Printing Co., Wilmington Motorcycle Club, Cann Bros & Kindig Printers, and Barclay Bros Printing, is a historic livery stable located at Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware. It was built in 1887, and consists of two separately-built, two-story livery stables, joined together and expanded through additions and internal alterations. A connecting hyphen was built during or after 1946. Both structures are constructed of brick and have gable roofs. The interior consists of large open spaces supported by cast iron columns and historic wood beams reinforced with iron rods. Also on the property is a contributing cast iron street lamp. The buildings housed livery stables into the early 20th century, after which they were occupied as a cabinet-making shop, a cycle club, auto garages, commercial and corporate printing facilities, and a warehouse. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. Torbert Street Livery Stables Torbert Street Livery Stables, also known as Hercules Powder Company Printing Department, Charles Printing Co., Wilmington Motorcycle Club, Cann Bros & Kindig Printers, and Barclay Bros Printing, is a historic livery stable located at Wilmington, New Castle" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Zealot (Wildstorm) Zealot (Zannah) is a fictional comic book superhero who has appeared in books published by Wildstorm Productions and DC Comics. Created by artist Jim Lee and writer Brandon Choi, she first appeared in \"WildC.A.T.s\" #1 (August 1992), as a member of that titular superhero team, during the period when Wildstorm and its properties were owned by Jim Lee. In that incarnation, Zealot was a millennia-old member of the alien race known as the Kherubim, and a Coda warrior, and was later associated with the organizations Wildcore and Team 7. In 1999, Lee sold Wildstorm to DC Comics, and ownership of all Wildstorm characters, including Zealot, transferred to DC Comics. Her backstory and continuity remained the same, however, until DC's 2011 relaunch of their entire comics line, The New 52, which rebooted the continuity for most of its characters. Since then, Zealot was featured as a supporting character \"Deathstroke\" and later made appearances in \"Stormwatch\". The character was also a cast member in the 1994 - 95 animated TV series \"Wild C.A.T.s\", in which she was voiced by Roscoe Handford. Zealot's real name is Lady Zannah of Khera. Born on the planet of Khera, Zannah and her daughter Kenesha (who at the time believed Zealot was actually her sister) were stranded on Earth thousands of years ago when their Explorer ship crashlanded after a battle with a Daemonite warship. Zealot just survived thanks to her lover, Stratos, who put her in an escape pod. Zannah and the other survivors were scattered, forced to hide themselves amongst the human population. Their enemies had likewise been forced down, and though less humanoid, the Daemonites used their powers of possession and shapeshifting to blend in, too. For the next few millennia, a secret war raged, with the Kherubim defending the vulnerable and oblivious humans from their would-be conquerors. Zannah took the name Zealot when she formed a sisterhood of warriors, known as The Coda, on earth. She fought with them for many years, even leading the group for a while. However, an incident occurred in Troy (presumably during the Trojan War), causing her to be branded a traitor and expelled from the order. She arranged for the Coda to help the Greeks conquer Troy in exchange for 99 female babies to be raised as new coda. She helped Ulysses conceive of the trojan horse and stationed Coda warriors inside it. During the fighting she decided that the killing of all of the unarmed women and children of Troy was going too far, so she saved the life of the royal family. In doing so it was decided by her fellow Coda that she had betrayed the precepts of the Coda. She was engaged in combat by her closest friend Artemis, whom she beat, but refused to kill. This was considered by Artemis to be a mortal insult. The two violations of Coda precepts made her a lifetime (in their case nearly immortal lifetimes) enemy of the Coda. Subsequent to this event, Zealot spent a century serving the witch known as Tapestry. She did this as payment for Tapestry saving Kenesha's life after having been poisoned. During this period Tapestry tried to brainwash Zealot to her way of thinking, but although Zealot was changed by her time working for the witch, she managed to retain her true self inside. During her stay with Tapestry though, Zealot became a proficient wielder of magics. The magic taught though was dark magic and soul corrupting. Because of this Zealot swore never to use it again, but had to break her promise when she battled Tapestry many years after her original servitude. For a period in the 20th century, Zealot lived in America and went by the name Lucy Blaize. During this time she worked for the US Government and went on to become a member of the ill-fated Team One, with fellow Kherubim Mr. Majestic (the father of Savant) and Lord Emp. After an affair with John Colt, Zealot became pregnant. Not wishing for the child to become involved in the Kheran/Daemonite war she gave the child away to a human couple living in Siberia. During an adventure many years later, the psychic oracle character, Providence, told Zealot that she would be reunited with her long lost child. Soon after she meets the Stormwatch hero, Winter, and is surprised to see his white hair similar to her own and hear his Russian accent. Despite her suspicions, Zealot decides to not tell Winter of her discovery. Years later, Zealot formed a close relationship with Cole Cash, and took the unprecedented step of training him, a man, in the ways of the Coda; he became the superhuman known as Grifter. Later both of them joined the WildC.A.T.s. She served with them for a number of years, though she also briefly joined Wildcore during a period when the rest of the WildC.A.T.s were believed dead. During a mission with the WildC.A.T.S to destroy an Irish village full of genetically engineered soldiers created with Daemonite technology, she and Grifter found a group of kids hiding in a basement. The two of them tried to get the kids to a safe place before they could blow up the village. Zealot was shot whilst protecting the children and was left behind by her teammates, who believed her dead after the explosion. However, it was revealed she wasn't dead, but had been targeted by several Coda factions. It was during this time that Zealot found Grifter in a bar. He was having one-night stands with women similar to her and he was too drunk to realize she wasn't just a lookalike. They had sex and were attacked by several Coda warriors. After the battle, she ran away, but they later caught up with each other. In \"Wildcats Version 3.0\", Zealot was captured and sentenced to death by Earth's Coda Sisterhood. While captured she was tortured to near death multiple times. It was her old friend Grifter (in control of the android Ladytron) and his ragtag group of warriors that later came to her rescue. Once more on the loose, she had to team up alongside Mr. Majestic yet again to fight an evil plot from the Shapers Guild to recreate Kherubim on Earth (using a device known as the planet shaper). It was during this battle that Zealot's mother, Lady Harmony, was killed. Shortly after Savant was told that her true parents were Zealot and Stratos. Zealot then teamed up with many former Wildcat members, such as Grifter and Majestic, to fight Zealot's longtime rival, Nemesis. Zealot joins with many of her ex-Wildcat teammates in an unofficial form of the group as they fight with Captain Atom. Zealot's lover, Stratos, did not die during the crash. He found the time-traveling WildC.A.T.s-member, Condition Red, on the ship before the crash and was taken along when Condition Red travelled back to the present in \"WildC.A.T.s\" #49. Stratos' storyline has not been explored since then. Zealot is in a Coda Sisterhood building on the planet Khera, having retired there from Earth. However, her (future) return to Earth was precipitated by a large Daemonite attack; although Majestic arrives and destroyed all the Daemonites, he drops to the floor and tells Zealot that their next target was Earth. In September 2011, The New 52 rebooted DC's continuity. In this new timeline, which merges the Wildstorm universe, Zealot makes her first appearance in \"Deathstroke\" #9 by Rob Liefeld. Is later revealed this version already met with Midnighter in the past when he and Apollo ask for her help. Zealot is a master in weaponry and hand-to-hand combat, and has displayed a low level of superhuman strength (up to 2 tons). Like her former mate Lord Majestros (Mr. Majestic) she is a Kherubim High Lord, gifted with extremely long life, superhuman constitution, stamina and durability. Was once taught in the ways of Dark Magic by a powerful witch named Tapestry, which granted her godlike mystical abilities that put her on par with the former mistress who enslaved her; but willingly cast them aside twice due to their corrupting nature. Zealot (Wildstorm) Zealot (Zannah) is a fictional comic book superhero who has", "Zealot makes her first appearance in \"Deathstroke\" #9 by Rob Liefeld. Is later revealed this version already met with Midnighter in the past when he and Apollo ask for her help. Zealot is a master in weaponry and hand-to-hand combat, and has displayed a low level of superhuman strength (up to 2 tons). Like her former mate Lord Majestros (Mr. Majestic) she is a Kherubim High Lord, gifted with extremely long life, superhuman constitution, stamina and durability. Was once taught in the ways of Dark Magic by a powerful witch named Tapestry, which granted her godlike mystical abilities that put her on par with the former mistress who enslaved her; but willingly cast them aside twice due to their corrupting nature. Zealot (Wildstorm) Zealot (Zannah) is a fictional comic book superhero who has appeared in books published by Wildstorm Productions and DC Comics. Created by artist Jim Lee and writer Brandon Choi, she first appeared in \"WildC.A.T.s\" #1 (August 1992), as a member of that titular superhero team, during the period when" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Caldecote, Hertfordshire Caldecote is a village and civil parish in the North Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. It is located around three miles north of Baldock and around a mile and a half east of Stotfold in the neighbouring county of Bedfordshire. The Great North Road passes just to the west of the village. Caldecot forms part of the Caldecote and Newnham grouped parish council, which covers an area of only . The village consists of a cluster of cottages around the redundant Church of St. Mary Magdalene, which dates from the 14th and 15th centuries and is in Perpendicular style. The church is currently in the care of the Friends of Friendless Churches charity. To the south of the church is a manor house dating from the 14th century. In the year 1724, several Roman urns, containing burnt bones and ashes, were discovered in this parish. During the 1970s archaeological excavations were carried out for a number of summers under the direction of Professor Guy Beresford. These revealed that during the 12th and 13th centuries there were approximately nine crofts lying to the north of the church and possibly three others close to the northwest boundary of the present manor garden. The population declined heavily during the mid-14th century, mainly due to the Black Death; no subsidy was paid in 1428 indicating that by then there were less than ten householders. The excavations demonstrated that after the manor was granted to the Priory the lands of the peasantry were gradually amalgamated. Caldecote, Hertfordshire Caldecote is a village and civil parish in the North Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. It is located around three miles north of Baldock and around a mile and a half east of Stotfold in the neighbouring county of Bedfordshire. The Great North Road passes just" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Valentin Zamotaykin Valentin Alekseyevich Zamotaykin (; 27 December 1939 in Partizansk – 7 October 1987 in Moscow) was a sailor from the Soviet Union. Zamotaykin represented his country at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Enoshima. Zamotaykin took 13th place in the 5.5 Metre with Konstantin Aleksandrov (sailor) as helmsman and Konstantin Melgunov as fellow crew member. His second Olympic appearance was during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kiel. Zamotaykin took 7th place in the Soling with Timir Pinegin as helmsman and Rais Galimov as fellow crew member. In 1976 Zamotaykin returned to the Olympics. This time with helmsmen Boris Budnikov and fellow crew member Nikolay Poliakov Zamotaykin took 4th place in Kingston again in the Soling. Valentin Zamotaykin Valentin Alekseyevich Zamotaykin (; 27 December 1939 in Partizansk – 7 October 1987 in Moscow) was a sailor from the Soviet Union. Zamotaykin represented his country at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Enoshima. Zamotaykin took 13th place in the 5.5 Metre with Konstantin Aleksandrov (sailor) as helmsman and Konstantin Melgunov as fellow crew member. His second Olympic appearance was during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kiel. Zamotaykin took 7th place in the Soling with Timir Pinegin as helmsman and Rais Galimov as" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Pushcha-Vodytsia Pushcha-Vodytsia (also Pushcha-Voditsa, ; ) is a historic neighbourhood, climate resort and an urban-type settlement (1981-2001) in the northwestern part of Kiev (Obolon Raion). Located within a dense forest and away from the urban Kiev, it is known for number of sanatoriums and state cottages for government officials such as presidents, prime-ministers etc. The southern border of the neighborhood is considered Hostomelske shose (Hostomel Highway), the eastern – Minsky prospekt (Minsk Parkway), the western – the road to the village of Moshchun, Kiev-Sviatoshyn Raion (Kiev Oblast). The area stretches north to the village of Demydiv, Vyshhorod Raion (Kiev Oblast). The name was combined from two Slavic words, \"pushcha\" (пуща), which stands for a dense forest, and \"Vodytsia\" (Водиця), the name of a nearby river (not existing). In 1724 by the orders of Peter I here was established a forestry. Until the end of the 18th century the area was contested between the Mezhyhirya Monastery and Brotherhood Monastery. In 1793 the argument was decided by the Senate transferring the neighborhood into the possession of the Kiev city as a cottage settlement Pushcha-Vodytsia, which soon turned into a small khutor. In 1899, a dacha- or cottage-type settlement was founded in the Pushcha-Vodytsia forests. Later on, Soviet sanatoriums were located in the settlement, as well as in other settlements nearby. In 1981, the village acquired the status of an urban-type settlement, subordinate to the Podilskyi Raion (district) of Kiev, later in 2002 the area was passed to the Obolon Raion, and settlement lost its separate administration. A 1910 church designed by Eduard Bradtman still stands in the city. Pushcha-Vodytsia Pushcha-Vodytsia (also Pushcha-Voditsa, ; ) is a historic neighbourhood, climate resort and an urban-type settlement (1981-2001) in the northwestern part of Kiev (Obolon Raion). Located within a dense forest and away from the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Otaño The surname Otaño derives from the surname ‘Otanović’ which derives from the Serbian region. During the 16th century, the Otanović family resided in the northern part of Serbia (Subotica) which borders Hungary to the north. It is not known if the Otanović family resided in this region prior to the 16th century. After the loss of independence to the Kingdom of Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, the country of Serbia briefly regained sovereignty under Jovan Nenad in the 16th century. Three Austrian invasions and numerous rebellions left the Otanović family with less than 300 members of the family from killings and a tough decision to make to flee Serbia to Western territories in Europe. As the Great Serb Migrations depopulated most of Kosovo and Serbia, the Otanović family sought refuge with other Serbs across the Danube river in Vojvodina to the north and Military Frontier in the West where they were granted rights by the Austrian crown under measures such as the Statuta Wallachorum of 1630. As immigration decreased in the 17th century, the Otanović family migrated to Western territories in search of independence, new territories, and favorable conditions. Most of the Otanović family was of Jewish descent and settled in areas of Holland, France and Germany but were then out casted as the German Protestants sect grew in the territories of Germany and Holland. Generally, they settled in rural areas where they subsisted typically as blacksmiths and farmers. In France, the Otanović families had the reputation of being exiled royalty. Colonies forced the people out of the country and into northern parts of Spain. This led to the change of the surname Otanović to the Otaño surname in the late 17th century. This change occurred between 1678 and 1684. The change was made when the family settled in the northern regions of Spain and Basque country (Spain/France). Today, the Otaño surname is a popular one but one that remains tied to the same family tree. Anyone with the last name Otaño falls under the same family tree. Otaño's are found in the USA and Spanish speaking territories such as northern Spain (Asturias, Irun, San Sebastian,Pamplona, Galicia, Basque country, Canary Islands; Fuerteventura region), Puerto Rico (Lares, Rio Piedras, San German, Isabela, Ponce), Cuba (Havana, Cien Fuegos) and Argentina (Mar del Plata, Rio Gallegos, Santa Cruz). Otaño's can also be found in southern regions of France (Bayonne, Biarritz, Hendaye, Landes, Pau, Capbreton, Hossegor, Bordeaux, Anglet). Most of the Otaño family reside in regions of southern France and northern Spain and are Roman Catholic and Jewish. Otaño The surname Otaño derives from the surname ‘Otanović’ which derives from the Serbian region. During the 16th century, the Otanović family resided in the northern part of Serbia (Subotica) which borders Hungary to the north. It is not known if the Otanović family resided in this region prior to the 16th century. After the loss of independence to the Kingdom of Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, the country of Serbia briefly regained sovereignty under" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Green Hackworth Green Haywood Hackworth (Prestonsburg, Kentucky, January 23, 1883 – Washington, DC, June 24, 1973) was an American jurist who served as the first U.S. judge on the International Court of Justice, as President of the International Court of Justice, as the longest running Legal Adviser to the US Department of State (1925 -1946) and as a member of Secretary of State Cordell Hull's inner circle of advisers. Hackworth was instrumental in the development of plans for the post World War II world order and was a key member of the U.S. delegation to the Dumbarton Oaks Conference (1944). He served as a member of the Advisory Committee on Postwar Foreign Policy (1942), as a member of Post War Programs Committee (1944) and as Chairman of the Committee of Jurists that drafted the initial statutes for the International Court of Justice (1945). Hackworth also represented the U.S. Delegation on Committee IV at the United Nations Conference on International Organization where the articles in the United Nations Charter pertaining to the International Court of Justice were finalized. Green Haywood Hackworth was born in Prestonburg Kentucky and his youth was spent in the area of the Big Sandy River. He received a B.A. degree from Valparaiso University, a Doctor of Law degree from the University of Kentucky and an L.L.B degree from George Washington University. In 1916, after completion of his legal studies, Hackworth secured a job as a law clerk with the U.S. Department of State and in 1918 was promoted to Assistant Solicitor within the department. Although a Democrat, Hackworth was chosen in 1925 by republican U.S. Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes, for nomination by the President and subsequent approval by the Senate to become Solicitor of the Dept. of State. As the longest running Legal Adviser of the Department of State, Hackworth was relied upon for legal advice by five successive U.S. Secretaries of States: Charles Evans Hughes, Frank B. Kellogg, Henry L. Stimson, Cordell Hull and Edward R. Stettinius. Hackworth was noted for being a skilled legal draftsman concerning the area of treaty provisions and was a perforce in matters involving the U.S. and its foreign relations from the period of U.S. neutrality to the country's entry into World War II. He provided advice to the U.S. President, the U.S. Secretary of State, members of congress and other departments within the U.S. State Department. As Legal Adviser to the Department of State, Hackworth represented the U.S Government before the International Joint Commission formed by the United States and Canada under the Boundary Waters treaty of 1909. He was a U.S. delegate in 1930 to the First Conference for the Codification of International Law, held at the Hague under the auspices of the League of Nations. Hackworth participated in the 8th Conference of American States (1939) held in Lima, in the 8th Scientific Congress of American States (1940) and in the Inter - American Maritime Conference (1941). Following the outbreak of war in Europe, Hackworth served as Adviser to Secretary of State Hull at the 2nd Meeting of foreign Ministers of the American Republics (1941) held in Havana. On Sunday Dec. 7 Hackworth was in conclave with Secretary of State Hull at the state department prior to the scheduled meeting with Japanese ambassadors Kichisaburo Nomura and Saburo Kurusu when President Roosevelt called at 1:30PM and informed Hull of the attack by Japan on Pearl Harbor. Hull consulted with Hackworth and Josheph Ballentine, a state department expert on the Far East, on whether or not to see the waiting Japanese diplomats. After seeing and then dismissing the diplomats, Hull met with President Roosevelt and then later again with Hackworth where the two discussed drafting a proclamation of war between Japan and the United States. As the war progressed, Hackworth advised Secretary Hull, President Roosevelt, Judge Samuel Rosenman, and numerous agencies within the government. His role was to consider past legal developments in the laws of war, the laws of neutrality, laws of belligerency and the effect of these laws on the U.S. and other countries. In 1943, Hackworth served as an adviser to Secretary of State Hull at the Moscow Conference and in 1945 he served as Adviser to Secretary of State Edward Stettinius at the Conference of American States on Problems of War and Peace held in Mexico City. In Feb. of 1942, Secretary of State Cordell Hull organized the Advisory Committee on Postwar Foreign Policy which was followed by the Special Subcommittee on International Organization of which Hackworth was an integral part. The subcommittee prepared draft proposals that clarified the U.S. State Dept.'s vague views on a postwar organization. In over 40 meetings in 1943, the Special Subcommittee on International Organization made intensive studies of key issues upon which any plans for a future world organization would have to depend. In March 1943, Hull formed the Political Agenda Group which was composed of Hackworth, Edward R. Stettinius and other members of Hull's inner circle. This organization championed a global organization as opposed to Undersecretary of State Sumner Welles' vision of a regional post war system. In December 1943, this group prepared and delivered to President Roosevelt a detailed post war plan that became the founding framework of the United Nations. After President Roosevelt approved outline of the plan, Hull created The Policy Committee and the Post War Programs Committee, composed of Hackworth and other close advisers from the previously established Informal Agenda Group, to implement the vision of a United Nations. Prior to the Dumbarton Oaks conference, the U.S. State Dept. originated the American Planning Group for preparation. This group was divided into three sections and each section was responsible for a different topic that was to be addressed at Dumbarton Oaks. Hackworth headed the second group charged with studying arrangements for the peaceful settlements of international disputes and the development of a World Court. At the Dumbarton Oaks Conference, Hackworth chaired a special Legal Subcommittee that was established to deal with the issue of a World Court. The subcommittee used as a base the American draft statute that Hackworth's section had developed prior to the conference. Hackworth was nominated by three former U.S. Secretaries of State for an initial six-year term on the Court and was subsequently elected to a full nine-year term in 1951. In 1955 he succeeded Sir Arnold McNair of Great Britain for a three-year term as President of the International Court of Justice. During his tenure on the Court, Hackworth adjudicated seventeen contentious cases and was asked to give eleven advisory opinions. Due to Hackworth's experience as a legal draftsman, the task of consolidating views of Court members was frequently assigned to him. In the case \"Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations\", Hackworth disagreed with the Court in its interpretation of the implied powers doctrine and in his dissent maintained that, \"powers not expressed cannot freely be implied. Implied powers flow from a grant of express powers, and are limited by those that are \"necessary\" to the exercise of powers expressly granted.\" He disagreed with the majority in that he felt that the majority used an unduly wide version of the implied powers doctrine by relating the power to be implied not to an express provision but rather to the functions and objectives of the organization concerned. 1916 - Law Clerk, U.S. Department of State<br> 1918 - Assistant Solicitor, U.S. Department of State<br> 1925 - Solicitor of the Dept. of State, U.S. Department of State,<br> 1931 - Legal Adviser of the Dept. of State, U.S. Department of State<br> 1930 - Member of U.S. Delegation, Conference on the Codification of International Law <br> 1939 - Adviser to U.S. Secretary of State, Meeting of", "Implied powers flow from a grant of express powers, and are limited by those that are \"necessary\" to the exercise of powers expressly granted.\" He disagreed with the majority in that he felt that the majority used an unduly wide version of the implied powers doctrine by relating the power to be implied not to an express provision but rather to the functions and objectives of the organization concerned. 1916 - Law Clerk, U.S. Department of State<br> 1918 - Assistant Solicitor, U.S. Department of State<br> 1925 - Solicitor of the Dept. of State, U.S. Department of State,<br> 1931 - Legal Adviser of the Dept. of State, U.S. Department of State<br> 1930 - Member of U.S. Delegation, Conference on the Codification of International Law <br> 1939 - Adviser to U.S. Secretary of State, Meeting of Foreign Ministers of the American Republics <br> 1940 - Member of U.S. Delegation, Conference of American States <br> 1943 - Member of U.S. Delegation, Moscow Conference <br> 1944 - Member of U.S. Delegation, Dumbarton Oaks Conference <br> 1945 - Chairman, Committee of Jurists for Drafting Statutes of the International Court of Justice <br> 1945 - Adviser to US. Delegation, San Francisco Conference on International Organization of the United Nations <br> 1946 - U.S. Judge, International Court of Justice Green Hackworth Green Haywood Hackworth (Prestonsburg, Kentucky, January 23, 1883 – Washington, DC, June 24, 1973) was an American jurist who served as the first U.S. judge on the International Court of Justice, as President of" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Western Latin character sets (computing) Several binary representations of character sets for common Western European languages are compared in this article. These encodings were designed for representation of Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, German, Dutch, English, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, and Icelandic, which use the Latin alphabet, a few additional letters and ones with precomposed diacritics, some punctuation, and various symbols (including some Greek letters). Although they're called \"Western European\" many of these languages are spoken all over the world. Also, these character sets happen to support many other languages such as Malay, Swahili, and Classical Latin. \"This material is technically obsolete, having been functionally replaced by Unicode. However it continues to have historical interest.\" The ISO-8859 series of 8-bit character sets encodes all Latin character sets used in Europe, albeit that the same code points have multiple uses that caused some difficulty. The arrival of Unicode, with a unique code point for every glyph, resolved these issues. The earlier seven-bit U.S. ASCII encoding has characters sufficient to properly represent only English, Latin, and Swahili. It is missing some letters and letter-diacritic combinations used in other Latin-alphabet languages. However, since there was no other choice on most U.S.-supplied computer platforms, ASCII was unavoidable in most of the non-English-speaking world (seven-bit encoding was necessitated by the limitations of early computing networks). There was the ISO 646 group of encodings which replaced some of the symbols in ASCII with local characters, but space was very limited, and some of the symbols replaced were quite common in things like programming languages. Although seven-bit communication was the norm, most computers internally used eight-bit bytes, and they mostly put some form of characters in the 128 higher byte positions. In the early days most of these were system specific, but gradually a few standards were settled on. In recent years, as storage and memory costs fall, the issues associated with multiple meanings of a given eight-bit code (there are seven ISO-Latin code sets alone) have ceased to be justified. All major operating systems have moved to Unicode as their main internal representation. However Windows does not support Unicode using their 8-bit character interfaces (by supporting UTF-8 in standard interfaces such as fopen), so many applications continue to be restricted to these legacy character sets. The euro and its euro sign introduced significant pressure to support the euro sign (€), and most 8-bit character sets had to be adapted in some way. All of these issues have been resolved as operating systems have been upgraded to support Unicode as standard, which encodes the euro sign at U+20AC (decimal 8364). Code points to U+007F are not shown in this table currently, as they are directly mapped in all character sets listed here. The ASCII coding standard defines the original specification for the mapping of the first 0-127 characters. The table is arranged by Unicode code point. Character sets are referred to here by their IANA names in upper case. Western Latin character sets (computing) Several binary representations of character" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Nitronium ion The nitronium ion, , is a cation. It is an onium ion because of its tetravalent nitrogen atom and +1 charge, similar in that regard to ammonium. It is created by the removal of an electron from the paramagnetic nitrogen dioxide molecule, or the protonation of nitric acid (with removal of HO). It is stable enough to exist in normal conditions, but it is generally reactive and used extensively as an electrophile in the nitration of other substances. The ion is generated \"in situ\" for this purpose by mixing concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid according to the equilibrium: The nitronium ion is isoelectronic with carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, and has the same linear structure and bond angle of 180°. For this reason it has a similar vibrational spectrum to carbon dioxide. Historically, the nitronium ion was detected by Raman spectroscopy, because its symmetric stretch is Raman-active but infrared-inactive. The Raman-active symmetrical stretch was first used to identify the ion in nitrating mixtures. A few stable nitronium salts with anions of weak nucleophilicity can be isolated. These include nitronium perchlorate (), nitronium tetrafluoroborate (), nitronium hexafluorophosphate (), nitronium hexafluoroarsenate (), and nitronium hexafluoroantimonate (). These are all very hygroscopic compounds. The solid form of dinitrogen pentoxide, NO, actually consists of nitronium and nitrate ions, so it is an ionic compound, [][], not a molecular solid. However, dinitrogen pentoxide in liquid or gaseous state is molecular and does not contain nitronium ions. The compounds nitryl fluoride, NOF, and nitryl chloride, NOCl, are not nitronium salts but molecular compounds, as shown by their low boiling points (−72 °C and −6 °C respectively) and short N–X bond lengths (N–F 135 pm, N–Cl 184 pm). Addition of one electron forms the neutral nitryl radical, ; in fact, this is fairly stable and known as the compound nitrogen dioxide. The related negatively charged species is , the nitrite ion. Nitronium ion The nitronium ion, , is a cation. It is an onium ion because of its tetravalent nitrogen atom and +1 charge, similar in that regard to ammonium. It is created by the removal of an electron from the paramagnetic nitrogen dioxide molecule, or the protonation of nitric acid (with removal of HO). It is stable enough to exist in normal conditions, but it is generally reactive and used extensively as an electrophile in the nitration of other substances. The ion" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Dichomeris bipunctellus Dichomeris bipunctellus is a moth in the Gelechiidae family. It was described by Walsingham in 1882. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Quebec to Maine, south to Florida and Louisiana. The wingspan is about 17 mm. The forewings are pale brownish ochreous, dusted with widely scattered black scales and with a rather elongate black discal dot before the middle with a few whitish scales along its anterior and lower edges, followed by a smaller black dot at the end of the cell, also surrounded by whitish scales on its anterior and lower edge. There is a row of eight marginal black dots around the apex and apical margin. The hindwings are pale greyish ochreous. Adults are on wing from February to October. The larvae feed on \"Myrica aspleniifolia\", \"Myrica gale\" and \"Myrica pensylvanica\". Dichomeris bipunctellus Dichomeris bipunctellus is a moth in the Gelechiidae family. It was described by Walsingham in 1882. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Quebec to Maine, south to Florida and Louisiana. The wingspan is about 17 mm. The forewings are pale brownish ochreous, dusted with widely scattered black scales and with a" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Vin Bruce Ervin \"Vin\" Bruce (April 25, 1932 - June 8, 2018) was one of the first Cajun musicians to appear on the Louisiana Hayride and Grand Ole Opry. Bruce was born in Cut Off, Louisiana. His father, Levy Bruce, worked as a trapper and fisherman, and played fiddle at local Cajun dances, usually held in someone's front room. Being from a musical family, Vin's interest in Cajun music grew and at the early age of 10 he learned how to play the guitar on his own. He also learned to sing. Bruce began his musical career playing guitar with the Southern Serenaders and the Hillbilly Swing Kings. On October 22, 1951, Bruce signed a recording contract with Columbia Records in Nashville, Tennessee and recorded all time popular Cajun songs such as \"Dans La Louisiane\" (1952), \"Fille de la Ville,\" and \"Clair de la Lune,\" recording with Chet Atkins, Grady Martin, Tommy Jackson, Owen Bradley and Shook Jackson. Vin was one of the first Cajuns to perform on the stage of the Grand Ole Opry and the \"Louisiana Hayride\". In the mid-1950s, Vin's career took a downturn as Rock and Roll became popular. Columbia released his contract, and Vin returned to Louisiana and raised cattle. In 1961 he signed a contract with Swallow Records, and had a hit single with \"Jole Blon\". For his contribution and performance in Cajun music, Bruce is known as \"the King of Cajun Singers\" and has been inducted into the Nashville Music Hall of Fame, the CFMA Cajun Music Hall of Fame, the Westbank Musicians Hall of Fame, and was chosen the Lafourche Parish Citizen of the Year. Vin Bruce Ervin \"Vin\" Bruce (April 25, 1932 - June 8, 2018) was one of the first Cajun musicians to appear on the Louisiana Hayride and Grand" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpaceae are a family of 16 genera and approximately 695 known species of mainly tropical lowland rainforest trees. The family name, from the type genus \"Dipterocarpus\", is derived from Greek (\"di\" = two, \"pteron\" = wing and \"karpos\" = fruit) and refers to the two-winged fruit. The largest genera are \"Shorea\" (196 species), \"Hopea\" (104 species), \"Dipterocarpus\" (70 species), and \"Vatica\" (65 species). Many are large forest emergent species, typically reaching heights of 40–70 m, some even over 80 m (in the genera \"Dryobalanops\", \"Hopea\" and \"Shorea\"), with the tallest known living specimen (\"Shorea faguetiana\") 93.0 m tall. The species of this family are of major importance in the timber trade. Their distribution is pantropical, from northern South America to Africa, the Seychelles, India, Indochina, Indonesia and Malaysia. The greatest diversity of Dipterocarpaceae occurs in Borneo. Some species are now endangered as a result of overcutting, extensive illegal logging and habitat conversion. They provide valuable woods, aromatic essential oils, balsam, resins and are a source for plywood. The dipterocarp family is generally divided into two subfamilies: A recent genetic study found that the Asian dipterocarps share a common ancestor with the Sarcolaenaceae, a tree family endemic to Madagascar. This suggests that ancestor of the Dipterocarps originated in the southern supercontinent of Gondwana, and that the common ancestor of the Asian dipterocarps and the Sarcolaenaceae was found in the India-Madagascar-Seychelles land mass millions of years ago, and were carried northward by India, which later collided with Asia and allowed the dipterocarps to spread across Southeast Asia and Malaysia. The first dipterocarp pollen has been found in Myanmar (which at that time was part of the Indian plate) and it dates from the upper Oligocene. The sample appears to slowly increase in terms of diversity and abundance across the region into the mid-Miocene Chemical traces of dipterocarp resins have been found dating back to the Eocene of India. 52-million-year-old amber found in the Gujarat province, India, containing a large amount of fossilized arthropods, was identified as sap from the Dipterocarpaceae family. Dipterocarpaceae species can be either evergreen or deciduous. Species occurring in Thailand grows from sea level to c. 1300 m elevation. Environments in which the species of the family occur in Thailand include: Lowland dipterocarp forest 0–350 m; Riparian fringe; Limestone hills; and Coastal hills. Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpaceae are a family of 16 genera and approximately 695 known species of mainly" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Area boys Area boys (also known as \"Agberos\") are loosely organized gangs of street children and teenagers, composed mostly of males, who roam the streets of Lagos, Lagos State in Nigeria. They extort money from passers-by, public transporters and traders, sell illegal drugs, act as informal security guards, and perform other \"odd jobs\" in return for compensation. Area boys have existed in the city of Lagos since the early 1980s. However, under various names, types of Area Boys have been traced back to the 1920s. In 2007, the total number of area boys in Lagos was estimated at over 35,000 by a member of the Lagos State Judiciary; as of 1996, the number of them operating on Lagos Island alone was placed around 1,000. A 1996 study of area boys on Lagos Island by Abubakar Momoh showed that only 26.4% of area boys were from Lagos State, while the rest were natives of Ogun State (22.6%), Kwara State (14.2%), and Oyo State (14.1%), amongst other states. Most were between twelve and thirty-five years old. Asked whether they were \"proud\" to be area boys, 18% of respondents said yes, while 75% said no (7% did not respond). A United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 2001 report on Nigeria described the impact of the gang members as such: The coercive and persuasive requests, petty crimes and sometimes violent offences by the so-called \"area boys\" to acquire resources, generally cash in the urban main business and crowded areas, have disturbed the civil society and defied the civic authority. Drug abuse among them has been variously reported as the cause of delinquent behaviour and crime. One of the methods the groups use for extortion is to surround pedestrians, drivers, and passengers in vehicles, which are stuck in traffic, and force them to pay (for some actual or pretended service) before letting them go. To aid in collecting money during traffic jams, the area boys place nails in the road and dig up the streets. When the streets are flooded, however, they also aid motorists in avoiding ditches and pot holes amidst other services. According to Momoh, much of the extortion from Igbo merchants by area boys is instigated by Lagos landlords, indigenous inhabitants of the city. Among the area boys are both sellers and users of illegal drugs; this drug use has been fingered as the cause of further crime. Momoh states \"most of them use drugs (cocaine, heroine, marijuana, etc.) either as occasional users or addicts, or as peddlers.\" (Of 77 respondents to Momoh's survey, 12.2% dealt drugs, while 60.3% were addicts themselves.) Sale of drugs takes place both in Nigeria and abroad, and sales abroad have earned a small percentage of the sellers significant amounts of money. Groups of area boys have been known to raid rival, Igbo drug sellers based in Central Lagos. During the Hausa-Yoruba riots in Lagos in 2000, where thousands of Hausa fled to military barracks and nearly 100 people died, area boys took advantage of the chaos and joined in the mayhem, throwing glass and bottles at shops. At the Mile 12 Market (also in Lagos), soldiers were reported to work hand in hand with gang members as late as 2004. However, in May 2005, after a Nigerian soldier was assaulted and stabbed by several area boys as he tried to prevent them from taking money from a bus driver, the military began a crackdown against the group. Following this, the group's activity was noted to be in decline. Area boys Area boys (also known as \"Agberos\") are loosely organized gangs of street children and teenagers, composed mostly" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Aryeh Altman Aryeh Altman (, 6 January 1902 – 21 August 1982) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Herut and Gahal between 1951 and 1965. Born in Balta in the Russian Empire (today in Ukraine), Altman studied law and economics at Odessa University. In 1921 he joined Tzeiri Zion, and chaired the organisation until 1924. After being imprisoned three times by Soviet authorities, he was sent into exile in 1924. He made aliyah to Mandate Palestine in 1925, and was amongst the founders of the Working Zionists Organization. In 1927 moved to the United States to study sociology and political science at the University of Detroit and then New York University, where he was awarded a PhD in 1935. In 1928, he joined the Revisionist Zionism movement, and three years later was elected head of the Revisionist Zionists of America. He returned to Palestine in 1935 following the completion of his PhD, and joined the editorial staff of \"HaYarden\", a Revisionist publication, where he headed the Foreign Affairs department. In 1937, he became head of the Palestine branch of the Revisionist Zionist Movement, and the following year became a member of the World Presidium of the movement. Between 1939 and 1940 he was a member of the Jewish National Council. Following Ze'ev Jabotinsky's death in 1940 he became head of the Revisionist Zionist's political department. In 1943 he went to Turkey as an emissary to try to save European Jews from the Holocaust. In 1945, he became chairman of the Presidium of the Revisionist Zionist Movement. In the 1949 Knesset elections he headed the Brit Hatzohar list, but it failed to cross the electoral threshold. He then joined the rival Revisionist movement, Herut, and was elected to the Knesset on its list in 1951. He was re-elected in 1955, 1959 and 1961, before losing his seat in the 1965 elections. Between 1955 and 1965 he also served as a member of Jerusalem city council. He died in 1982 at the age of 80. Altman's legacy in politics is continued by his great-grandson, Aylon Berger, an American political operative who served as national chairman of the High School Democrats of America from 2016 until 2017. Aryeh Altman Aryeh Altman (, 6 January 1902 – 21 August 1982) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Herut and Gahal between" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Best of 4Minute Best of 4Minute is the first Japanese compilation album by the South Korean girl group 4Minute. It is composed of all the Japanese tracks released by the group since their debut in Japan. It was released on September 26, 2012 in three different editions: 2 limited CD+DVD (Type A with a live event and Type B with all Japanese music videos) and a Regular edition. The album includes tracks released by the group since their debut in Japan in 2010, all singles, some b-sides and album tracks. The album was released in three different editions: 2 CD+DVD, Type A includes the live event \"4Minute Live Energy Vol.2 \"Diamond\" 2010.12.04 Zepp Tokyo\", Type B has all Japanese music videos released at the date and a regular edition, with only the CD itself. The album also includes the song \"Goodbye\", b-side of the single \"I My Me Mine\", two songs from the album \"Diamond\", \"Can't Make Up My Mind\" and \"December\" and a Japanese version of their debut song \"Hot Issue\", previously unreleased. The art covers of the album features individual photos of the girls and jacket covers of the group's past releases. The album includes five singles that were not included in any album or compilation release: The first single is the song \"Dreams Come True\", which was released as a double A-side single along with \"First\". \"First\" was included on the group's Japanese debut album \"Diamond\". The single was released in October 24, 2010 and sold around 6,500 copies of the physical single at the date. The second single is the song \"Why\", released on March 9, 2011. At the date, it is the most successfully selling single of the group with around 15,000 copies sold physically. It ranked #17 on Oricon's weekly chart. The song was chosen as theme song for the Japanese drama \"Akuto~Juuhanzai Sousa Han\". Promotions ended quickly due to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, and the group's only TV performance was on \"Happy Music\". The third single is a Japanese version of the song \"Heart to Heart\", released on September 7, 2011, alongside the group's first DVD \"Emerald of 4minute\". The physical single sold around 10,000 copies at the date and reached number 18 on the Oricon weekly chart. The original version of the song is the first single of the group's first Korean studio album \"4minutes Left\". The song's music video was released on August 15, in the Universal Music Japan's official YouTube account. It differs from the Korean music video, omitting a storyline and showing more solo and choreographed dance shots. The fourth single is the song \"Ready Go\", released on December 7, 2011. The full music video was released exclusively on the music channel MTV Japan on November 11. The physical single sold around 8,000 copies, peaking at No. 23 on Oricon's weekly singles chart. It also charted at No. 1 on Gaon's international singles chart and No. 100 on the RIAJ Digital Track Chart. The B-Side is a Japanese version of \"Sweet Suga Honey!\", previously released on 4Minute's first Korean album \"4minutes Left\". \"Ready Go\" was used as opening theme song for the Japanese drama \"Welcome to the El-Palacio\". The fifth and final single is the song \"Love Tension\", released on August 22, 2012. The music video premiered exclusively on MTV Japan on August 4. The physical single was the most unsuccessfully selling single of the group in Japan, with 3,701 copies sold in the first week. It ranked No. 26 on Oricon's weekly singles chart. The B-side, a Japanese version of \"Volume Up\", was also included on the album. The original version of the song is the lead single of the group's third mini album of same name. Best of 4Minute Best of 4Minute is the first Japanese compilation album by the South Korean girl group 4Minute. It is composed of all the Japanese tracks released by the group since their debut in Japan. It was released on September 26, 2012 in three different editions: 2 limited CD+DVD (Type A with a live event and Type B with all Japanese music videos) and a Regular edition. The album includes tracks released by the group since their debut" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Alpha Kappa Rho The Alpha Kappa Rho International Fraternity and Sorority (AKRHO) is a fraternity established in the Philippines in 1973. The fraternity made up of men and women from different universities was established to promote loyalty, unity and pride in the fraternity amongst its members. However it is now registered as an International Humanitarian Service Fraternity that encourages members to be involved in humanitarian projects and various service to people wherever it exists. The fraternity is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (Philippines) as a non-profit and non-dividend Corporation with the name of Alpha Kappa Rho International Humanitarian Service Fraternity and Sorority Inc. It was founded in the Philippines, and operated in several other countries like United States, Australia, Malaysia,Macau, Japan, Hongkong, Singapore, UAE, Kuwait, Canada, Italy, Saudi Arabia, Thailand. The Alpha Kappa Rho Fraternity and Sorority was founded on August 8, 1973 by sixteen college students of the University of Santo Tomas (UST). Except for the leader and elder of the group, Jose \"Boy\" Chua, who was enrolled at the UST College of Medicine, the 15 other founders of Alpha Kappa Rho Fraternity were enrolled at the UST College of Commerce. The Alpha Kappa Rho founders are: 1. Jose \"Boy\" Chua 2. Raymund \"Magnus\" Gutierrez 3. Edwin Solano 4. Tanny Bernabe 5. Obet Posadas 6. Arnel Lorenzo 7. James Bracewell 8. Renato Go 9. Philip Balangue 10. Roger Sarmiento 11. Ted Aves 12. Monchet Cabrera 13. Philip Diman 14. Gil Villegas 15. Mark Queyquep 16. Noli Manalo The Alpha Kappa Rho Sorority began in 1975 and the Sorority Founders are: 1. Girlie Tesoro 2. Joyce Gregorio 3. Alda Altiveros Bernabe 4. Marisa Cumuyog 5. JJ Aquino (Deceased) 6. Irene Ileto The fraternity was founded on August 8 because it coincided with the Feast Day of St. Dominic, which is a university holiday at UST, which is run by the Dominican Order or also known as the Order of Preachers (OP). The fraternity after it was established in 1973 became notorious in the Philippines because of the initiation rites members had to undergo to join it. Those who wanted to join the fraternity had to undergo interviews and orientations followed by a period when the aspiring member is asked to do humiliating acts in public. This is followed by an initiation rite where the aspirant is blindfolded and receives blows in the back of the thigh with the use of a wood paddle. Those who are unable to bear the pain are given an option to resume on another day or can choose to quit. If the aspirant is able to complete the initiation rite, the aspirant undergoes the final rite of initiation known as the ritual where a heated coin is placed at the back of the aspirant's right wrist leaving a circular scar as a sign of full membership to the fraternity. However, with the introduction of the Anti-Hazing Law by the Philippine Government in 1995, the fraternity initiation rites are no longer sanctioned or approved by the fraternity leadership. Its motto \"Vincit Omnia Veritas\" meaning \"Truth Conquers All\" or \"Truth Prevails\" comes from the emblem of the University of Santo Tomas where the Alpha Kappa Rho Fraternity & Sorority was founded. Members are called \"Skeptrons\" a Greek word for the \"ceremonial staff\" or sceptre carried by a monarch as a symbol of sovereignty. The Alpha Kappa Rho Fraternity merged with the Omega Fraternity & Sorority International (OFSI) of San Sebastian College (SSC) and Zeta Upsilon Fraternity of the University of the East Recto campus (UE-Recto) in 1976. The ritual (burn mark which is a circular scar from a heated coin applied to the back of the member's right wrist) and the hand sign of AKRHO began at OFSI but became part of AKRHO after the merger agreement between AKRHO and OFSI. From 1976, the new RITUAL was required for all new members and the hand sign was to recognise AKRHO members. 5 of the 16 founders of Alpha Kappa Rho were alumni of Notre Dame of Greater Manila High School (NDM HS). Except for the leader and elder of the fraternity, Jose \"Boy\" Chua who graduated in 1972, the others belonged to NDM HS graduating batch of 1973. A number of other NDM 1973 graduates would also later join AKRHO. In August 1975, AKRHO grew in numbers with the acceptance of high school students from the University of the East Recto campus (UE-Recto) into the fraternity. The first Junior AKRHO was headed by Jun \"Labo\" Pasaporte, Rey Quitariano (another NDM alumni) and Noriel Arcadio. They began the Junior AKRHO in the High School of UE-Recto, and at the Far Eastern University (FEU), Jose Rizal College High School (JRC), Philippine School of Business Administration (PSBA) and National College of Business and Arts (NCBA). Alpha Kappa Rho" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "IPod advertising Apple has used a variety of advertising campaigns to promote its iPod portable digital media player. The campaigns include television commercials, print ads, posters in public places, and wrap advertising campaigns. These advertising techniques are unified by a distinctive, consistent style that differs from Apple's other ads. The very first advert for the first iPod (only compatible with Macs) featured a man in his room grooving to his digital music collection on his Apple iBook. He drags his music to his iPod, closes his laptop, and plugs in the ear phones. He hits play and the music increases its volume. He then dances and hops around the room, then puts on his jacket, sliding the iPod into the pocket. He dances to the door and leaves the room. The song used was \"Take California\" by the Propellerheads, which became the hallmark of all subsequent advertisements. One of the problems, noted Apple ad agency creative director Ken Segall, was the use of what he termed a 'real person.' Steve Jobs, he stated, avoided using people in his ads because it was difficult to find an actor who appealed to everyone. Another problem was that, \"It was somewhat uncomfortable to watch, and on the web some started to refer to it as the iCloud commercial...it was a young guy trying to act cool, and doing so in a fairly pitiful way\". Susan Alinsangan, a Chiat/Day art director, came up with the design of the iPod silhouette commercials in 2003, along with the help of Chiat/Day's director Lee Clow, and James Vincent, a former DJ and musician. She worked on the print campaign with artist Casey Leveque of Santa Monica's Rocket Studio The silhouette advertising campaign featured dark silhouetted characters against brightly colored backgrounds. They were usually dancing and, in television commercials, backed by up-beat, energetic music. The silhouetted dancers held iPods while listening to them with Apple's supplied earphones. The iPods and earphones appeared in white to stand out against the colored background and black silhouettes. Apple changed the style of these commercials often depending on the song's theme or genre. \"It had a hook that was really was captivating and didn't try to impress us with the coolness of any particular person. Instead, it did what Apple does best: it created an iconic image, which immediately came to communicate Apple and iPod.\" At first, however, Steve Jobs did not like the Silhouette campaign when it was presented to him. He was not certain that the silhouettes would work since they didn't show the product in detail and they didn't explain what the iPods did. The ad designers fought to convince Steve and copywriter James Vincent suggested adding the tagline \"1,000 songs in your pocket\" to address the issue. Steve Jobs decided to go with it. He would later claim it was his idea to push for the more iconic ads. This change of strategy was a very successful one for the company. Previous ads for Apple's computers usually featured a high-quality photograph of the product on a white background with a short tag-line. In those ads the focus was entirely on the product and its craftsmanship. With the creation of the Silhouette campaign, however, the focus shifted from convincing consumers to purchase the device to asking them to \"buy the emotion.\" Everything about the ads was energetic — the bright shades of tropical-like colors of lime green, yellow, fuchsia, bright blue, and pink, to the energetic and danceable rock, pop, and hip hop music, and the simple tag-lines. The whiteness of the iPod and the earphones against the black of the silhouette and the bright backgrounds further helped launch the iPod into icon status. The white earbuds also became an icon signifying the iPod itself. The ubiquitous nature of the advertising campaign ensured everyone was exposed to ads. The original television commercials and posters featured solid black silhouettes against a solid bright color, which usually changed every time the camera angle changed. Some of the television adverts also depict highlights on the silhouettes using darkened shades of the background color, and shadows on the floor. Since then, various commercials in the campaign have changed the format further: IPod advertising" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Libyan Desert The Libyan Desert forms the northern and eastern part of the Sahara Desert. It describes that part of the Sahara that lies within the present-day state of Libya; it also historically describes the desert to the south of Ancient Libya, a territory which lay to the east of the present-day state. The Libyan Desert is one of the driest, harshest and most remote parts of the Sahara, the world's largest hot desert. This extended desert country is barren, dry and rainless. Modern Libya is divided into the regions of Cyrenaica, Tripolitania and the Fezzan. The country covers an area of . most of which is desert save for a narrow coastal strip to the north on the shore of the Mediterranean, and the mountains of Cyrenaica (the Jebel Akhdar, or \"Green Mountains\"). The desert covers an area of approximately , and extends approximately 1,100 km from east to west, and 1,000 km from north to south, in about the shape of a rectangle slanting to the south-east. Like most of the Sahara, this desert is primarily sand and hamada or stony plain. Sand plains, dunes, ridges, and some depressions (basins) typify the endorheic region, with no rivers draining into or out of the desert. The Gilf Kebir plateau reaches an altitude of just over , and along with the nearby massif of Jebel Uweinat is an exception to the uninterrupted territory of basement rocks covered by layers of horizontally bedded sediments, forming a massive sand plain, low plateaus, and dunes. The desert features a striking diversity of landscapes including mountains, oases, and sand seas. To the south lie the main mountain ranges, from the Jebel Uweinat (), on the Libya-Egypt-Sudan border, the Tibesti to the south, on the border with Chad, and the Acacus to the southwest. The main oases are Jaghbub and Jalo in east, in Cyrenaica, Kufra in the southeast, and Murzuk in the south, in Fezzan. The sand seas lie in a ring around the border of Libya. To the east lies the Calanshio Sand Sea, the western lobe of the Great Sand Sea straddling the Libya-Egypt border, and stretches 800 kilometres from Jaghbub and Jalo in the north to Kufra in the south. To the south-east lies the Rebiana Sand Sea, near the border with Sudan. To the south west is the Idehan Murzuq, bordering Chad, and to west lies the Idehan Ubari, bordering Algeria. The sand seas contain dunes up to 512 meters in height, and cover approximately one quarter of the total desert region. Other features are the Aswad al Haruj (the \"Black Desert\"), a large circular region of black volcanic shield in the centre of the country, and the Hamada al Hamra (the \"Red Desert\") a rocky plateau to the west, on the Tunisian border, coloured by iron oxide deposits. To the southeast, between Kufra and the Libya-Egypt-Sudan border, lies the Jebel Arkenu, with the associated Arkenu structures, thought to be caused by meteorite strikes. North of the Gilf Kebir plateau, among the shallow peripheral dunes of the southern Great Sand Sea, is a field of Libyan desert glass. This is thought to be associated with a meteorite impact, marked by the Kebira crater, on the Libya-Egypt border. A specimen of the desert glass was used in a piece of Tutankhamun's ancient jewellery. The Libyan Desert is barely populated apart from the modern settlements at oases of the lower Cyrenaica region in southeastern Libya. The indigenous population are Bisharin tribe, Mahas, and Berber. Where the desert extends into Egypt and no longer in Libya, it is generally known as the \"Western Desert\". The term \"Western Desert\" contrasts with the Eastern Desert to the east of the Nile River, which lies between the Nile and the Red Sea. The Libyan desert is said to be one of the least hospitable regions on Earth. Its climate is surprisingly variable, being hot in summer, with average daytime temperatures of and above, though this drops rapidly at night. In winter, days are cool, with temperatures averaging , but at night this can drop below freezing, with temperatures of recorded. At these times the formation of hoar frost is not uncommon, and are known as \"White Nights\". Contrariwise, at 'Aziziya a daytime temperature of was seen in 1922, the highest naturally occurring temperature on record. In the north, along the Mediterranean shore, cool onshore winds blow inland, while further south, hot, dry winds, known as \"Ghibli\", blow from the interior, creating blinding sand-storms. Historically, \"Libya\" referred to an ill-defined area to the west of Ancient Egypt, whose boundary traditionally was the lake of Mareotis, outside Alexandria. The ancient Greeks, such as Herodotus, regarded the whole of the North African littoral, to Cape Spartel in Morocco, as “Libya”. Later, the Romans organized the region the provinces of Libya Inferior and Libya Superior, which covered western Egypt and Cyrenaica. Thus the \"Libyan Desert\" was the desert to the south of Ancient Libya. With the organization of the Italian colony of Libya in the 20th century the term \"Libyan Desert\" for this region became a misnomer, and the area of desert within Egypt became known as the \"Western Desert\" (i.e. west of the Nile, in contradistinction to the Eastern Desert, east of the Nile). Following the conquest of the territory by Italy during the Italo-Turkish War of 1911-12, the desert became the scene of a two-decade struggle between the Italians and the Senussi, who were centred on the Jebel Akhdar in Cyrenaica and on the Kufra oasis. It ended in 1931 with the conquest of Kufra by the Italians. During the 1930s the Libyan desert was the scene of exploration and mapping by the Italian Army and Air Force. Others, such as Ralph Bagnold and Laszlo Almasy also travelled in south-eastern Libya and southern Egypt, searching for the lost oasis of Zerzura. Bagnold also travelled into northern Chad, to the Mourdi Depression, recording his findings in his book \"Libyan Sands: Travel in a Dead World\", which was published in 1935. During the Second World War the north-eastern desert between El Agheila and the Egyptian border was the scene of heavy fighting between the Axis powers and the Western Allies, a period known as the Western Desert Campaign. The deep desert saw operations by the Italian Auto-Saharan Companies, in combat with the Allied Long Range Desert Group (LRDG) and the Free French \"Régiment de Tirailleurs Sénégalais du Tchad\" (RTST). Other actions included the Siege of Giarabub (now Jaghbub), the battle of Kufra and the raid on Murzuk, all in 1941. The Calanshio Sand Sea is the site of the missing World War II aircraft \"\"Lady Be Good\"\". The wreck was discovered north of Kufra 15 years after it was reported missing in 1943. Libyan Desert The Libyan Desert forms the northern and eastern part of the Sahara Desert. It describes that part of the Sahara that lies within the present-day state of Libya; it also historically describes the desert to the south of Ancient Libya, a territory which lay to the east of the present-day state. The Libyan Desert is one of the driest, harshest and most remote parts of the Sahara, the world's largest hot desert. This extended desert" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Dungiven Dungiven () is a small town, townland and civil parish in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It is on the main A6 Belfast to Derry road. It lies where the rivers Roe, Owenreagh and Owenbeg meet at the foot of the Benbradagh. Nearby is the Glenshane Pass, where the road rises to over . It had a population of 2,993 people in the 2001 Census, an increase of 6% over 1991. It is within Causeway Coast and Glens district. Dungiven sprang up around Dungiven Castle and the Church of Ireland (Anglican church) at the eastern end of the town, later spreading westwards along Chapel Road and Main Street towards the bridging point on the River Roe. Because of the River Roe's flood plain and the line of a proposed by-pass, housing development has been mostly to the east and north of the town. It is an important service centre for the surrounding rural hinterland; offering educational, health, commercial, social, community and recreational facilities. An interesting site in Dungiven is the 11th century Augustinian priory of St Mary's and the tomb of O'Cahan (Cooey na Gall O' Cahan), laid to rest in 1385. A thicket of thorn bushes hung with rags conceals a bullaun stone, visited for wart cures. Between the 12th and 17th centuries the area was ruled by the Ó Catháin clan, one of the most influential clans in Ulster and respected throughout Ireland. In the early 17th century they built Dungiven Castle, which - having been substantially rebuilt in the 19th century - remains today as a restaurant and guesthouse. The world-famous song \"Danny Boy\" is taken from a melody composed by the Ó Catháin bard, Ruairí Dall Ó Catháin. The original version concerns the passing of the Chief Cooey-na-Gall, whose death brought an end to the long line of O'Cahan chiefs. During The Troubles in Northern Ireland, seven people were killed in or near Dungiven in connection with the conflict, six of whom were members of the security forces. The one civilian, Francis McCloskey, was found beaten to death in disputed circumstances during street riots, in which the police were called to respond. He has sometimes been deemed as the first person killed in the last installment of the Troubles (1969-1997). The village is part of the East Londonderry Parliamentary constituency, coterminous with the Northern Ireland Assembly constituency of the same name. It forms part of Causeway Coast and Glens Borough Council district. Dungiven Celtic F.C. is an association football club playing in the Northern Ireland Intermediate League. Gaelic games are the most popular sports in the area. St Canice's Dungiven is the local Gaelic football club; the team plays at O'Cahan Park and have won the Derry Senior Football Championship 7 times, and won the Ulster Senior Football Championship once, in 1997. Kevin Lynch's is the local hurling club; they have won the Derry Senior Hurling Championship a record 22 times and are the current county champions, for the fourth successive year. The team plays at Kevin Lynch Park. Dungiven is classified as an intermediate settlement by the NI Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) (i.e. with population between 2,250 and 4,500 people). On Census day (29 April 2001) there were 2,993 people living in Dungiven. Of these: For more details see:NI Neighbourhood Information Service Dungiven is mentioned in the Brian Friel play \"Making History\", as the place where Mabel Bagnel goes after the Siege of Kinsale. Dungiven Dungiven () is a small town, townland and civil parish in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It is on the main A6 Belfast to Derry road. It lies where the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "1965 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year The 1965 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year was the 39th year of greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The industry experienced a small rise in attendances and totalisator turnover for the first time since 1946. The National Greyhound Racing Club (NGRC) affiliated tracks saw 11,213,730 paying customers at 5972 meetings with tote turnover of £58,480,219. However the possibility of future increases was unlikely because there was competition from television, which had found its way into many of Britain's households, bingo halls (a recent gambling rival) which was now established and dance halls pulled in the younger generation. In addition many companies that owned tracks had evaluated that selling them for redevelopment brought large short term financial gain, especially in major cities. Staines Greyhound Stadium was demolished, five years after closing and the Mexborough greyhound track called the Dog Daisy Stadium, which was situated on the corner of Sedgefield Way and Harlington Road also shut. Seaforth Greyhound Stadium closed on 31 December. Romford Stadium Ltd sold their controlling interest in the Dagenham Greyhound Stadium track for £185,000 stating that government restrictions on fixtures forced both tracks to race on the same day which impacted attendances. Incidentally The Dagenham Coup court case continued. On 25 January Juvenile champion Hi Joe trained by Noreen Collin and owned by bookmaker Victor Chandler Sr. was stolen from his Epping kennels. Initial hopes were that he could be recovered quickly to allow him to line up for the English Greyhound Derby but as the weeks passed he had not been recovered. John Sutton became the Managing Director of the Greyhound Racing Association and the GRA extended its board by adding Major Percy Brown, John Cearns (son of WJ Cearns) and Charles Chandler Jr. to the directors. They then sold the Kingsfurze breeding establishment at Naas in County Kildare, the seven acre grounds had been breeding greyhounds for over 17 years. This was followed by the sale of Upper Childown Farm and Fan Court Farm grounds in Longcross near Chertsey. The two properties were used as a nursery and rearing establishment by the GRA. Further cutbacks by the GRA included the sacking of two advertising executives and five trainers from the Hook Estate and Kennels. Harry Buck, Dick Clark, Albert Jonas, Eric Hiscock and Jack Cooper all left while the remaining ten Hook Kennels trainers would cover the three tracks of White City Greyhounds, Harringay Stadium and Stamford Bridge Greyhounds. The Chairman and Directors were rewarded for their work by gaining a significant rise, doubling their salaries, which was deferred until 1966. Track Chromatography (a drug testing unit) was first used at Walthamstow in their purpose built lab. Leading owner, the 70 year old shipping magnate Noel Purvis retired after forty years owning greyhounds, he rated Mile Bush Pride as his greatest greyhound. Des Hanrahan became Chairman of the Bord na gCon and actively sought to buy any Irish tracks in danger of being sold to developers. At the seaside resort of Ballybunion in County Kerry, Matt Sullivan finally received a licence to open Ballybunion Greyhound Stadium despite having to go to court against the Bord na gCon, who had reservations that it was too close to the Kingdom Greyhound Stadium in Tralee. A litter whelped in February 1965, at the kennels of Leo Stack at Duagh, Co. Kerry, would become one of the greatest litters in the history of track racing. The litter, of five dogs and four bitches, was by Crazy Parachute out of Supreme Witch and included Forward Flash (a black dog), Forward King (a fawn dog), Spectre II and Tric-Trac (two black dogs) and Gezira (a fawn bitch). The Grand Prix at Walthamstow Stadium is cancelled for the second year in succession due to problems over filling the event. Walthamstow had applied for a change to 700 yards at late notice but it is refused by the NGRC. They will however apply for a longer distance the following year and be successful. Conna Count, a white and brindle dog became the fourth greyhound to successfully defend the Laurels at Wimbledon Stadium for a new increased prize of £1,500. Clonmannon Flash, the Jim Hookway trained greyhound won the Scottish Greyhound Derby, Northern Flat, Edinburgh Cup, Pall Mall Stakes, Gimcrack and Stewards' Cup. 1965 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year The 1965 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year was the 39th year of greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The industry experienced a small rise in attendances and totalisator turnover for the first time since 1946. The National Greyhound Racing Club (NGRC) affiliated tracks saw 11,213,730 paying customers at 5972 meetings with tote turnover of £58,480,219. However the possibility of future increases was unlikely because there was competition from television, which had found" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Blue Heaven (2003 TV series) Blue Heaven is a Scottish television documentary series filmed by BBC Scotland which followed aspiring young footballers at Rangers Football Club as they tried to forge a career in football. The series was originally broadcast in the winter of 2003 with a follow up episode in 2011. The building of Rangers' new training facility in July 2001 was the catalyst for the filming of a six-part television series by BBC Scotland. The show documented the hopes and aspirations of a group of young footballers as they try to make the breakthrough at Rangers. The production company, Saltire Films, was given unprecedented access for two years, the series begins during the Dick Advocaat era and continues through to the Alex McLeish's reign. The length of filming allowed for the following of particular youngsters. Some of those would go on to graduate to the first team, Chris Burke for example. His Rangers debut covered during the series. Other players never made it as a professional footballer at all. Rangers-daft David Ford and his family's story is covered as Ford struggles to make an impact due to his lack of height and slight frame. The Head of Youth Development, Jan Derks, is replaced part-way through filming the series and is replaced by George Adams. Derks was seen deciding on the futures of young players, including Kevin Morrison, who was eventually released by the club. In May 2011, a follow up episode was broadcast featuring several of the trainees from the original documentary. Blue Heaven (2003 TV series) Blue Heaven is a Scottish television documentary series filmed by BBC Scotland which followed aspiring young footballers at Rangers Football Club as they tried to forge a career in football. The series was originally broadcast in the winter of 2003 with" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "KK Rogaška Košarkarski klub Rogaška (), commonly referred to as KK Rogaška or simply Rogaška, is professional basketball team from Rogaška Slatina, Slovenia, playing in the Slovenian League. The team plays its home games at the ŠD Rogaška Slatina. The basketball in Rogaška Slatina started playing in the early 1960s. After the Slovenian independence, the team played in top-tier and FIBA Korać Cup. Because of financial difficulties in 1997, the club abolished senior team and competed just in youth competitions, before on February 20, 1998, the club was re-founded as \"KK Rogaška 98\". Rogaška earned a promotion to the top division in 2011. In the 2014–15 and 2016–17 seasons, Rogaška reached the final of the top division, where they lost 3–1 on both occasions, to Tajfun and Union Olimpija, respectively. <section begin=roster /> <section end=roster /> KK Rogaška Košarkarski klub Rogaška (), commonly referred to as KK Rogaška or simply Rogaška, is professional basketball team from Rogaška Slatina, Slovenia, playing in the Slovenian League. The team plays its home games at the ŠD Rogaška Slatina. The basketball in Rogaška Slatina started playing in the early 1960s. After the Slovenian independence, the team played in top-tier and FIBA Korać Cup. Because" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Gao Ying Gao Ying (高郢) (740 – July 24, 811), courtesy name Gongchu (公楚), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Dezong and Emperor Shunzong. Gao Ying was born in 740, during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. His ancestors were originally from Bohai (渤海, in modern Cangzhou, Hebei), but later moved to the later Wei Prefecture (衛州, in modern Puyang, Henan), and claimed common ancestry with but not descendant from the imperial house of Northern Qi. His grandfather Gao Zhi (高質) served as a prefectural secretary general. Gao Ying himself was said to understand the \"Spring and Autumn Annals\" at age eight and already capable of writing, such that he was praised by the Confucian scholars. When the Anshi Rebellion erupted, and the rebel Yan forces captured the capital Chang'an, Gao Ying's father Gao Boxiang (高伯祥) was serving as the sheriff of nearby Haozhi County (好畤, in modern Xianyang, Shaanxi) and tried to resist, but was captured by Yan forces. He was set to be executed, but the young Gao Ying spread his legs and loosened his clothes, offering to be executed in his father's stead. The Yan officers praised him for his filial piety and released them both. Gao Ying later passed the imperial examinations and was selected in the special class of those with great talents or unusual deeds. He was made the sheriff of Huayin County (華陰, in modern Weinan, Shaanxi). In 767, when Emperor Xuanzong's grandson Emperor Daizong, who was then emperor, was building a large Buddhist temple — Zhangjing Temple (章敬寺) — in honor of his mother Lady Wu, Gao changed into white clothes (to show fear) and submitted petitions against the waste of money in building the temple, but Emperor Daizong did not heed his advice. Later, while the general Guo Ziyi was serving as the military governor (\"Jiedushi\") of Shuofang Circuit (朔方, headquartered in modern Yinchuan, Ningxia), he invited Gao to serve on his staff as a scribe. In 778, Guo was angry with his deputy Zhang Tan (張曇), believing that Zhang disrespected him on account of the fact that he rose from the soldier ranks. Guo's associate Wu Yao (吳曜) thereafter made false accusations against Zhang, and Guo executed Zhang under the pretense that Zhang was encouraging soldiers to disobey orders — over Gao's objection. Guo thus demoted Gao to be the secretary general of Yishi County (猗氏, in modern Yuncheng, Shanxi). (It was said, however, that when other staff members subsequently began to resign, Guo regretted both killing Zhang and demoting Gao.) After the general Li Huaiguang became the military governor of Binning Circuit (邠寧, headquartered in modern Xianyang) in 779, during the reign of Emperor Daizong's son Emperor Dezong, he invited Gao Ying to serve as a secretary, and Gao was eventually promoted to be his assistant. When Li rebelled against Emperor Dezong (who was then also battling a rebellion by Zhu Ci and who had been forced to flee to Liang Prefecture (梁州, in modern Hanzhong, Shaanxi) in response to Li's rebellion) in 784, Gao tried to get him to change his mind and again submit to Emperor Dezong, but Li refused. When Li gathered his troops at his base Hezhong (河中, in modern Yuncheng) and prepared to again attack west against the Tang general Hun Jian, Gao and fellow staff member Li Yong spoke against it, and Gao further persuaded Li Huaiguang's son Li Wei (李琟) as well, and while Li Wei was fearful of the consequences of acting against imperial forces, he was also unable to persuade Li Huaiguang. Later in 784, after Zhu was destroyed by another imperial general, Li Sheng, Gao was able to get Li Huaiguang to agree to resubmit to Emperor Dezong. However, when Emperor Dezong's emissary Kong Chaofu (孔巢父) arrived at Hezhong, he angered Li Huaiguang and his soldiers by not immediately offering the command back to Li Huaiguang, and the soldiers, with Li Huaiguang's tacit approval, killed Kong and the eunuch Dan Shouying (啖守盈). Li Huaiguang thereafter continued to stand against imperial forces. In 785, when Gao's colleague Lü Mingyue (呂鳴岳) secretly submitted to imperial forces and was discovered by Li Huaiguang, Li Huaiguang killed Lü and his family and arrested Gao and Li Yong when they revealed that, they, too, had been in communication with imperial forces, but as Li Huaiguang was unwilling to execute them as well, he kept them imprisoned. After Li Huaiguang, after defeats at the hands of the imperial general Ma Sui, committed suicide later in 785, Ma invited Gao and Li Yong to serve on his own staff. Not long after that, Gao was recalled to Chang'an to serve as \"Zhuke Yuanwailang\" (主客員外郎), a low-level official at the ministry of rites (禮部, \"Libu\"). He later successively served as \"Xingbu Langzhong\" (刑部郎中), a supervisorial official at the ministry of justice (刑部, \"Xingbu\"), and then \"Zhongshu Sheren\" (中書舍人), a mid-level official at the legislative bureau of government (中書省, \"Zhongshu Sheng\"), where he served for nine years. He was then made deputy minister of rites (禮部侍郎, \"Libu Shilang\"), and he was put in charge of the imperial examinations. It was said that at that time, the examinees often neglected their studies and spent their time on feasting and associating with officials to receive preferential treatment. Gao had long despised this trend, and after he became in charge of the imperial examinations, he refused the other officials' intercessions on part of the examinees, and it was said that within three years of Gao's becoming in charge of the examinations, the habits of the examinees had changed for the better. Gao later served as the minister of worship (太常卿, \"Taichang Qing\"). Around the new year 804, Gao was made \"Zhongshu Shilang\" (中書侍郎), the deputy head of the legislative bureau, and given the designation \"Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi\" (同中書門下平章事), making him a chancellor, along with Zheng Xunyu. He was also given the honorific title \"Yinqing Guanglu Daifu\" (銀青光祿大夫). After Emperor Dezong died in 805 and was succeeded by his severely ill son Emperor Shunzong, Gao was made the minister of justice (刑部尚書, \"Xingbu Shangshu\") and continued to serve as chancellor. When, later in the year, Emperor Shunzong passed the throne to his son Emperor Xianzong, Gao was removed from his chancellor post but continued to serve as the minister of justice and acting minister of civil service affairs (吏部尚書, \"Libu Shangshu\"). In 806, he was made the prefect of Hua Prefecture (華州, in modern Weinan). Later in 806, Gao was recalled to Chang'an to again serve as minister of worship, and soon he was made the chief imperial censor (御史大夫, \"Yushi Daifu\"). Several months later, he was made the minister of defense (兵部尚書, \"Bingbu Shangshu\"). Just after a month, he requested retirement, and Emperor Xianzong agreed, giving him the title of \"You Puye\" (右僕射), one of the heads of the executive bureau (尚書省, \"Shangshu Sheng\") before approving the retirement. Gao died in 811 and was give posthumous honors and the posthumous name \"Zhen\" (貞, meaning \"clean\"). Gao Ying Gao Ying (高郢) (740 – July 24, 811), courtesy name Gongchu (公楚), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Dave Rice (American football) David Rice (born c. 1940) is a former American football coach and college athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at Western Connecticut State University from 1972 to 1974 and at Fordham University from 1975 to 1978, compiling career college football coaching record of 32–30–2. He led Fordham Rams to the Metropolitan Intercollegiate Conference (MIC) championship in 1977. Rice was the athletic director at Fordham from 1979 to 1985. Rice grew up in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York and attended Hastings High School, graduating in 1957. He went on to play football at Ithaca College from 1957 to 1960, and then earned a master's degree from New York University. He is married to Jeanne Taylor, the former assistant athletic director at the University of Mississippi. They reside in Marco Island, Florida. Dave Rice (American football) David Rice (born c. 1940) is a former American football coach and college athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at Western Connecticut State University from 1972 to 1974 and at Fordham University from 1975 to 1978, compiling career college football coaching record of 32–30–2. He led Fordham Rams to the Metropolitan Intercollegiate Conference (MIC) championship in 1977. Rice" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "The Boss of the Blues The Boss of the Blues is a 1956 album by the American blues shouter Big Joe Turner. Originally released on the Atlantic label, the album has been reissued many times on cassette and CD by Atlantic, Rhino and Collectables. From the 1920s through the 1930s, Turner and boogie-woogie pianist Pete Johnson enjoyed a successful and highly influential collaboration that, following their appearance at Carnegie Hall on December 23, 1938, helped launch a craze for boogie-woogie in the United States. After the pair separated, Turner continued to experience cross-genre musical success, establishing himself as one of the founders of rock and roll with such smash hits as \"Shake, Rattle and Roll\", but he did not turn his back on his roots. \"The Boss of the Blues\" marks one of the last reunions Turner would have with Johnson, as, supported by a number of swing's best performers, they re-created a number of the classic tracks that had helped lay the groundwork for rhythm and blues. A presenter of jazz on Australian Broadcasting Commission radio said of this record, \"When someone asks you 'What is Jazz?', just play the opening bars of 'Roll 'Em Pete'\". The bold, vigorous arrangements by the veteran Ernie Wilkins fully represent the traditions of Kansas City music, while also giving a 'mainstream' platform to the musicians, not all of whom, e.g. both Pete Brown and Lawrence Brown, had Kansas City backgrounds. \"Except where otherwise indicated, all tracks composed by Pete Johnson and Big Joe Turner.\" The Boss of the Blues The Boss of the Blues is a 1956 album by the American blues shouter Big Joe Turner. Originally released on the Atlantic label, the album has been reissued many times on cassette and CD by Atlantic, Rhino and Collectables. From the 1920s through" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Shanksville-Stonycreek School District The Shanksville-Stonycreek School District is a public school district located in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States. In addition to serving the borough of Shanksville and the Township of Stonycreek, it serves the borough of Indian Lake. The district encompasses approximately 65 square miles. According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 2,916. According to District officials, in school year 2005–06 the SSSD provided basic educational services to 455 pupils through the employment of 41 teachers, 22 full-time and part-time support personnel, and 3 administrators. The campus is located on Cornerstone Road, in Stonycreek Township, just outside Shanksville. Shanksville-Stonycreek School District was ranked 175th out of 493 Pennsylvania school districts evaluated in 2010 by the Pittsburgh Business Times. The ranking was based on three years of student academic performance on the reading, writing, math and two years of science PSSAs. 2009 – 137th 2008 – 131st out of 497 school districts 2007 – 106th out of 501 school districts. In 2009, the academic achievement of the students of the Shanksville-Stonycreek School District was in the 52nd percentile among 500 Pennsylvania school districts. Scale – (0–99; 100 is state best) Graduation rate The high school has two curricular tracks: academic and tech prep. Within tech prep, students may attend the Somerset County Technology Center located in Somerset, Pennsylvania or be enrolled in the high school's business curriculum. PSSA Results 11th Grade Reading 2010 – 59% on grade level. In Pennsylvania, 67% of 11th graders on grade level. (37 pupils enrolled) 2009 – 58%, State – 65% 2008 – 66%, State – 65% 11th Grade Math: 2010 – 48% on grade level. In Pennsylvania, 59% of 11th graders on grade level. 2009 – 64%, State – 56% 2008 – 66%, State – 56% 11th Grade Science: 2010 – 40% on grade level. State – 39% of 11th graders were on grade level. 2009 – 60%, State – 40% 2008 – 55%, State – 39% The high school offers a dual enrollment program. This state program permits high school students to take courses, at local higher education institutions, to earn college credits. Students remain enrolled at their high school. The courses count towards high school graduation requirements and towards earning a college degree. The students continue to have full access to activities and programs at their high school. The college credits are offered at a deeply discounted rate. The state offers a small grant to assist students in costs for tuition, fees and books. Under the Pennsylvania Transfer and Articulation Agreement, many Pennsylvania colleges and universities accept these credits for students who transfer to their institutions. For the 2009-10 funding year, the school district received a state grant of $7,142 for the program. The Shanksville-Stonycreek School Board has set the requirements for graduation. They include: English 4 credits, Math 4 credits, Science 4 credits, Social Studies 3 credits, Health and Physical Education 1 credit and multiple electives. By law, all Pennsylvania secondary school students must complete a project as a part of their eligibility to graduate from high school. The type of project, its rigor and its expectations are set by the individual school district. Culminating project guidelines include community service. Beginning with the class of 2015, students must take the Keystone Exams in reading and math. The Challenge Program, Inc. offers $250.00 cash incentives to Shanksville-Stonycreek High School sophomores, juniors, and seniors who excel in the categories of: Academic Improvement, Attendance, Community Service and Academic Excellence. The program partners with businesses to motivate students both in and out of the classroom by encouraging good habits in students that will last throughout their education and into their future careers. For the 2010–2011 school year, the top 10% of students in each of the categories will be eligible to win $250.00. Reading 2010 – 91% on grade level. In Pennsylvania, 81% of 8th graders on grade level. (24 pupils enrolled) 2009 – 94%, State – 80% 2008 – 91%, State – 78% Math: 2010 – 79% on grade level. In Pennsylvania, 75% of 8th graders are on grade level. 2009 – 90%, State – 71% 2008 – 79%, State – 70% Science: 2010 – 70% on grade level. State – 57% of 8th graders were on grade level. 2009 – 69%, State – 55%. 2008 – 62%, State – 52% Reading: 2010 – 58% on grade level. In Pennsylvania, 73% of 7th graders are on grade level. (29 pupils enrolled) 2009 – 68%, State – 71% 2008 – 85%, State – 70% Math: 2010 – 75% on grade level. In Pennsylvania, 77% of 7th graders are on grade level. 2009 – 76%, State – 75% 2008 – 82%, State – 70% 6th Grade Reading: 2010 – 72% on grade level. State: 68% of 6th graders were on grade level. (29 pupils enrolled) 2009 – 59%, State – 67% 2008 – 81%, State – 67% 6th Grade Math: 2010 – 93% on grade level. State – 78% of 6th graders were on grade level. 2009 – 70%, State – 75% 2008 – 77%, State -72% 5th Grade Reading: 2010 – 83% on grade level. State – 64% of 5th graders were on grade level. (30 pupils enrolled) 2009 – 66%, State – 64% 2008 – 50%, State – 61% 5th Grade Math: 2010 – 86% on grade level. State – 74% of 5th graders were on grade level. 2009 – 85%, State – 73% 2008 – 71%, State – 73% 4th Grade Reading: 2010 – 62% on grade level. State – 72% of 4th graders were on grade level. (29 pupils enrolled) 2009 – 84%, State – 72% 2008 – 82%, State – 70% 4th Grade Math: 2010 – 75% on grade level. State – 84% of 4th graders were on grade level. 2009 – 90%, State – 81 2008 – 96%, State – 79% 4th Grade Science: 2010 – 82% on grade level. State – 81% of 4th graders were on grade level. 2009 – 100%, State – 83% 2008 – 100%, State – 81% 3rd Grade Reading: 2010 – 82% on grade level. State – 75% of 3rd graders were on grade level. (34 pupils enrolled) 2009 – 79%, State – 77% 2008 – 93%, State – 77% 3rd Grade Math: 2010 – 94% on grade level. State – 84% of 3rd graders were on grade level. 2009 – 69%, State – 81% 2008 – 83%, State – 80% In 2009, the administrative reported there were 19 incidents of bullying in the district. All Pennsylvania schools are required to have an anti-bullying policy incorporated into their Code of Student Conduct. The policy must identify disciplinary actions for bullying and designate a school staff person to receive complaints of bullying. The policy must be available on the school's website and posted in every classroom. All Pennsylvania public schools must provide a copy of its anti-bullying policy to the Office for Safe Schools every year, and shall review their policy every three years. Additionally, the district must conduct an annual review of that policy with students. The Center for Schools and Communities works in partnership with the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime & Delinquency and the Pennsylvania Department of Education to assist schools and communities as they research, select and implement bullying prevention programs and initiatives. Education standards relating to student safety and antiharassment programs are described in the 10.3. Safety and Injury Prevention in the Pennsylvania Academic Standards for Health, Safety and Physical Education. In December 2009, the district administration reported that 70 pupils or 16% of the district's pupils received Special Education services. Intermediate Unit 8 and the Shanksville-Stonycreek School District have established and implemented procedures to locate, identify, and evaluate students and young children suspected of being exceptional. These procedures include screening activities which include but are not limited to: review of group-based data (cumulative records, enrollment records, health records, and report cards); hearing screening (at a minimum of kindergarten, special ungraded classes, first, second, third, seventh, and eleventh grades); vision screening (every grade level); motor", "Prevention in the Pennsylvania Academic Standards for Health, Safety and Physical Education. In December 2009, the district administration reported that 70 pupils or 16% of the district's pupils received Special Education services. Intermediate Unit 8 and the Shanksville-Stonycreek School District have established and implemented procedures to locate, identify, and evaluate students and young children suspected of being exceptional. These procedures include screening activities which include but are not limited to: review of group-based data (cumulative records, enrollment records, health records, and report cards); hearing screening (at a minimum of kindergarten, special ungraded classes, first, second, third, seventh, and eleventh grades); vision screening (every grade level); motor screening; and speech and language screening. In schools which have a Pre-Referral, Child-Study, Early Intervening or Instructional Support Team, the above screening activities may lead to consideration by the teams to move the next level of screening activities. When screening results suggest that the student may be eligible, the District seeks parental consent to conduct a multidisciplinary evaluation. Parents who suspect their child is eligible may verbally request a multidisciplinary evaluation from a professional employee of the District or contact the District's Department of Special Education. The school district is governed by 9 individually elected board members (serve four-year terms), the Pennsylvania State Board of Education, the Pennsylvania Department of Education and the Pennsylvania General Assembly. The federal government controls programs it funds like Title I funding for low-income children in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and the No Child Left Behind Act, which mandates the district focus resources on student success in acquiring reading and math skills. The Commonwealth Foundation for Public Policy Alternatives Sunshine Review gave the school board and district administration a \"F\" for transparency based on a review of \"What information can people find on their school district's website\". It examined the school district's website for information regarding; taxes, the current budget, meetings, school board members names and terms, contracts, audits, public records information and more. The district's enrollment is in the bottom 5% in Pennsylvania. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, there are fewer than 450 students enrolled in K-12. The senior class of 2011 has 34 students, while the class of 2010 had 40 students. Enrollment is projected to continue to decline by another 100 students by the 2018 academic year. The administrative infrastructure and mandate related costs per pupil are very high. With limited local taxation resources, opportunities for students are limited. Consolidation with an adjacent school district would achieve substantial cost savings. These savings could be redirected to improving lagging student achievement, to enriching the academic programs or to reducing property taxes. Rural Pennsylvania school enrollment is projected to decrease 8 percent by 2011. The most significant enrollment decline is projected to be in western Pennsylvania, where rural school districts may have a 16 percent decline. More than 40 percent of elementary schools and more than 60 percent of secondary schools in western Pennsylvania are projected to experience significant enrollment decreases (15 percent or greater). Pennsylvania has one of the highest numbers of school districts in the nation. In Pennsylvania, 80% of the school districts serve student populations under 5,000, and 40% serve less than 2,000. Less than 95 of Pennsylvania's 501 school districts have enrollment below 1250 students, in 2007. This results in excessive school administration bureaucracy and not enough course diversity. In a survey of 88 superintendents of small districts, 42% of the 49 respondents stated that they thought consolidation would save money without closing any schools. In 2009, the district reported employing 40 teachers with a salary range of $37,000 to $115,544 0 for a 184-day school year. Additionally, the teachers receive a defined benefit pension, health insurance, professional development reimbursement, personal days, 10 sick days, and other benefits. Teachers are paid for extra instructional services at an hourly rate. Additionally, there is an early retirement bonus of up to $4,500. In 2007, the district employed 34 teachers. The average teacher salary in the district was $40,733 for 184 days worked. As of 2007, Pennsylvania ranked in the top 10 states in average teacher salaries. When adjusted for cost of living Pennsylvania ranked fourth in the nation for teacher compensation. Shanksville-Stonycreek School District administrative costs per pupil in 2008 was $1,158.44 per pupil. This ranked 25th for per pupil administrative spending in the state. The lowest administrative cost per pupil in Pennsylvania was $398 per pupil. In 2008, the district administration reported spending $14,070 per pupil which ranked 103rd among Pennsylvania's 501 school districts. In August 2009, the Pennsylvania Auditor General conducted a performance audit of the district. The findings were reported to the administration and the school board. Reserves In 2008, the district reported a $2,640,723 in an unreserved-undesignated fund balance. The designated fund balance was reported as zero. The district is funded by a combination of: a local income tax, a property tax, a real estate transfer tax, coupled with substantial funding from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the annual Title 1 grants from the federal government. In the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, pension income and Social Security income are exempted from state personal income tax and local earned income tax, regardless of the person's level of wealth. For the 2010-11 budget year, the Shanksville-Stonycreek School District was allotted a 2% increase in Basic Education Funding for a total of $1,523,055. The highest increase in Somerset County was provided to: North Star School District and Somerset Area School District both of which received a 2.82% increase. One hundred fifty Pennsylvania school districts received the base 2% increase. The highest increase in 2010-11 went to Kennett Consolidated School District in Chester County which received a 23.65% increase in state funding. The amount of increase each school district receives is set by the Governor and the Secretary of Education as a part of the state budget proposal given each February. In the 2009–2010 budget year, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania provided a 2% increase in Basic Education Funding for a total of $1,463,193. Somerset Area School District received a 4.87%. The state Basic Education Funding to the district in 2008–09 was $1,453,194. Ninety Pennsylvania school districts received a 2% increase. Muhlenberg School District in Berks County received a 22.31% increase in state basic education funding in 2009. Beginning in 2004–2005, the state launched the Accountability Block Grant school funding. This program has provided $1.5 billion to Pennsylvania’s school districts. The Accountability Block Grant program requires that its taxpayer dollars are focused on specific interventions that are most likely to increase student academic achievement. These interventions include: teacher training, all-day kindergarten, lower class size K–3rd grade, literacy and math coaching programs that provide teachers with individualized job-embedded professional development to improve their instruction, before or after school tutoring assistance to struggling students, For 2010–11 the district applied for and received $49,722 in addition to all other state and federal funding. The Shanksville-Stonycreek School District uses the funding to increase instructional time for 65 pupils and to develop new courses and to align the curriculum to the", "to Pennsylvania’s school districts. The Accountability Block Grant program requires that its taxpayer dollars are focused on specific interventions that are most likely to increase student academic achievement. These interventions include: teacher training, all-day kindergarten, lower class size K–3rd grade, literacy and math coaching programs that provide teachers with individualized job-embedded professional development to improve their instruction, before or after school tutoring assistance to struggling students, For 2010–11 the district applied for and received $49,722 in addition to all other state and federal funding. The Shanksville-Stonycreek School District uses the funding to increase instructional time for 65 pupils and to develop new courses and to align the curriculum to the academic standards. The Classroom for the Future state program provided districts with hundreds of thousands of extra state funding to buy laptop computers for each core curriculum high school class (English, Science, History, Math) and paid for the required teacher training to optimize the computers use. The program was funded from 2006–2009. Shanksville-Stonycreek School District received $32,723 in 2006–07. In 2007–08 the school received $192,230 and in 2008–09 it did not apply, for a total of $224,953. The district received an extra $$224,778 in ARRA – Federal Stimulus money to be used in specific programs like special education and meeting the academic needs of low-income students. The funding is for the 2009–10 and 2010–2011 school years. School district officials did not apply for the Race to the Top federal grant which will mean hundreds of thousands of additional federal dollars for improving student academic achievement. The administration, school board and teachers' union prioritized free resources to improve student success over local control. Pennsylvania was not approved for the grant. The failure of districts to agree to participate was cited as one reason that Pennsylvania was not approved. The Shanksville-Stonycreek School Board decided to not participate in the Pennsylvania Department of Education Common Cents program. The program called for the state to audit the district, at no cost to local taxpayers, to identify ways the district could save tax dollars. After the review of the information, the district was not required to implement the recommended cost savings changes. Property tax rates in 2010 were set at 32.8700 mills. A mill is $1 of tax for every $1,000 of a property's assessed value. Irregular property reassessments have become a serious issue in the commonwealth as it creates a significant disparity in taxation within a community and the region. The Act 1 of 2006 Index regulates the rates at which each school district can raise property taxes in Pennsylvania. Districts are not allowed to raise taxes above that index unless they allow voters to vote by referendum, or they seek an exception from the state Department of Education. The base index for the 2011–2012 school year is 1.4 percent, but the Act 1 Index can be adjusted higher, depending on a number of factors, such as property values and the personal income of district residents. Act 1 included 10 exceptions, including: increasing pension costs, increases in special education costs, a catastrophe like a fire or flood, increase in health insurance costs for contracts in effect in 2006 or dwindling tax bases. The base index is the average of the percentage increase in the statewide average weekly wage, as determined by the PA Department of Labor and Industry, for the preceding calendar year and the percentage increase in the Employment Cost Index for Elementary and Secondary Schools, as determined by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the U.S. Department of Labor, for the previous 12-month period ending June 30. For a school district with a market value/personal income aid ratio (MV/PI AR) greater than 0.4000, its index equals the base index multiplied by the sum of .75 and its MV/PI AR for the current year. The School District Adjusted Index for the Shanksville-Stonycreek School District 2006–2007 through 2011–2012. 2006-07 – 4.7%, Base 3.9% 2007-08 – 4.0%, Base 3.4% 2008-09 – 5.1%, Base 4.4% 2009-10 – 4.1%, Base 4.1% 2010-11 – 2.9%, Base 2.9% 2011-12 – 1.4%, Base 1.4% The Shanksville-Stonycreek School Board did not apply for exceptions to exceed the Act 1 Index for the budget year 2010–2011. In the Spring of 2010, 135 Pennsylvania school boards asked to exceed their adjusted index. Approval was granted to 133 of them and 128 sought an exception for pension costs increases. In 2010, the Homestead/Farmstead Property Tax Relief from gambling for the Shanksville-Stonycreek School District was $211 per approved permanent primary residence. In the district, 819 property owners applied for the tax relief. The relief was subtracted from the total annual school property tax bill. This was the highest relief given in Somerset County in 2010. Property owners apply for the relief through the county Treasurer's office. Farmers can qualify for a farmstead exemption on building used for agricultural purposes. The farm must be at least 10 contiguous acres and must be the primary residence of the owner. Farmers can qualify for both the homestead exemption and the farmstead exemption. In Somerset County, 47% of eligible property owners applied for property tax relief in 2009. The highest property tax relief in Pennsylvania went to the residents of Chester Upland School District of Delaware County who received $632 per approved homestead. This was the third year they were the top recipient. Additionally, the Pennsylvania Property Tax/Rent Rebate program is provided for low income Pennsylvanians aged 65 and older; widows and widowers aged 50 and older; and people with disabilities age 18 and older. The income limit is $35,000 for homeowners. The maximum rebate for both homeowners and renters is $650. Applicants can exclude one-half (1/2) of their Social Security income, consequently, individual with income much more than $35,000 may still qualify for a rebate. Individuals must apply annually for the rebate. This can be taken in addition to Homestead/Farmstead Property Tax Relief. Property taxes in Pennsylvania are relatively high on a national scale. According to the Tax Foundation, Pennsylvania ranked 11th in the U.S. in 2008 in terms of property taxes paid as a percentage of home value (1.34%) and 12th in the country in terms of property taxes as a percentage of income (3.55%). The district offers a variety of clubs, activities and sports. Eligibility for participation is determined by school board policy and the PIAA. By Pennsylvania law, all K–12 students in the district, including those who attend a private nonpublic school, cyber charter school, charter school and those homeschooled, are eligible to participate in the extracurricular programs, including all athletics. They must meet the same eligibility rules as the students enrolled in the district's schools. SSSD contracts with other districts in other sports: Shanksville-Stonycreek School District The Shanksville-Stonycreek School District is a public school district located in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States. In addition to serving the borough of Shanksville and the Township of Stonycreek, it serves the borough of Indian Lake. The district encompasses approximately 65 square miles. According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 2,916. According to District officials, in school year 2005–06 the SSSD provided basic educational services to 455 pupils through the employment of 41 teachers, 22 full-time and part-time support personnel, and 3 administrators. The campus is located on" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Ship chandler A ship chandler (or ship's chandler) is a retail dealer who specialises in supplies or equipment for ships, known as ship's stores. For traditional sailing ships, items that could be found in a chandlery might include sail-cloth, rosin, turpentine, tar, pitch (resin), linseed oil, whale oil, tallow, lard, varnish, twine, rope and cordage, hemp, oakum, tools (hatchet, axe, hammer, chisel, planes, lantern, nail, spike, boat hook, caulking iron, hand pump, marlinspike), brooms, mops, galley supplies, leather goods, and paper. In the days of sail ship chandlers on remote islands, such as St. Helena, were responsible for delivering re-supplies of water and fresh produce (fruit and vegetables) to stave off scurvy. The ship chandlery business was central to the existence and the social and political dynamics of ports and their waterfront areas. Today's chandlers deal more in goods typical for fuel-powered commercial ships, such as oil tankers, container ships, and bulk carriers. They supply the crew's food, ship's maintenance supplies, cleaning compounds, rope, et cetera. The advantage of a ship's crew using a chandler is that they do not have to find stores in the town they have landed in, nor hold that local currency - assuming they are let out of the dock compound by the immigration authorities. Typically, the ship owner has a line of credit with the chandler and is billed for anything delivered to the crew of his ship. Chandlers are supplied by merchants close to wherever they happen to be. Their distinguishing feature is the high level of service demanded and the short time required to fill and deliver their special orders. Because commercial ships discharge and turn around quickly, delay is expensive and the services of a dependable ship chandler are urgent. Portuguese Ship chandler established in 1932 Ship chandler A ship chandler" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "François Dominique de Barberie de Saint-Contest François Dominique de Barberie de Saint-Contest (26 January 1701 – 14 July 1754) was a French Foreign Minister. Born into an old Norman family that had helped keep the city of Caen allied to Louis XIII, in 1620, François-Dominique, son of Councilor of State-Claude Dominique Barberie de Saint Contest was named King's attorney at the Chatelet in Paris, 27 November 1721, and advisor to Parliament (1724), master of requests, advisor to the Hotel de Ville (1728), steward of Beam (1737), Caen (1739) and Dijon, from 1740 to 1749. On 15 July 1749, he was appointed as Ambassador of France in Switzerland, and like Champeaux, resident in France to Geneva, Switzerland to discuss the contentious issues relating to the territories located in Geneva Gex. Appointed Ambassador of France to Holland, in the winter 1749, he went to The Hague, in September the following year. He soon returned from his embassy at the request of the Marquise de Pompadour, who appointed him, on 11 September 1751, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, on the resignation the Marquis de Puisieux. In this department, he worked to set up against Austria, Russia and England, an alliance comprising France, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, Prussia and Turkey. He also blamed later for not maintaining the system, with Marquise de Pompadour, the Marshal de Noailles, the Marquis de Saint-Severin. In the twilight of his life, he was made provost and master of ceremonies of the king's orders, on 12 May 1754. He married, on 27 September 1735, Monique Jeanne, who had a salon in Dijon. Among their children there: François Dominique de Barberie de Saint-Contest François Dominique de Barberie de Saint-Contest (26 January 1701 – 14 July 1754) was a French Foreign Minister. Born into an old Norman family that had helped" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Legend of the Five Rings (collectible card game) Legend of the Five Rings (L5R) is an out-of-print collectible card game created by Alderac Entertainment Group in 1995 and published until 2015, when it was announced that the game would be discontinued for a rules-incompatible successor that will be part of Fantasy Flight Games' Living Card Game line. \"L5R\" takes place in the fictional empire of Rokugan from the \"Legend of the Five Rings\" setting, where several clans and factions vie for domination over the empire. The card game shares some similarities with \"\" but has its own game mechanics and flavor, providing \"passive\" win conditions like the Enlightenment Victory, as well as a version of \"Magic\"'s goal of destroying the opponent. Games can be very long, with some matches lasting hours. A major distinctive feature of the game is the importance of the storyline: new fiction pieces advancing the story of Rokugan are published on a weekly basis, in addition to being released with every expansion, and in a quarterly publication, the \"Imperial Herald\". Many of these stories reflect the result of tournaments, where players use their decks to determine which faction will claim a particular prize within the storyline. Two novel lines, covering the Clan War and Four Winds arcs, have been published. \"Legend of the Five Rings\" has garnered many accolades throughout the years, including several Origins awards (such as the most recent 2008 award for best CCG with \"Samurai Edition\") and the 2008 Scrye Players Choice Best CCG Award for \"Samurai Edition\". The game was created by Alderac Entertainment Group and published by Isomedia. It was first previewed at Gen Con in 1995, followed by the release of the first set, \"Imperial Edition\", in October of that year, beginning the Clan War arc. Five Rings Publishing Group (FRPG) took over the intellectual property shortly thereafter, before being purchased by Wizards of the Coast in 1997. In 2000, at the behest of Wizards' mother company, Hasbro, the intellectual property to the game was put up for sale. Alderac Entertainment acquired the rights to publish the game in 2001, and full rights over the game within the following years, and have since published the game. The release of \"Lotus Edition\" (in 2005) and \"Samurai Edition\" (2007) saw extensive changes to several aspects of the game. Originally, cards featured intricately ornate front sides, while the back of the card, either black or green, featured five interlocked rings and the words \"Legend of the Five Rings\". Starting with the release of \"Pearl Edition\" in 1999, the card fronts were changed to a simpler, cleaner look that allowed for more card text, as well as returning the visual focus of the card on the art, rather than the borders of the card. Following a legal issue with the International Olympic Committee, which has trademark-like rights in the United States to all designs featuring five interlocking rings, it was agreed that Wizards of the Coast would change the card back. This was done with \"The Spirit Wars\" in 2000, when the design was changed to five non-interlocking circular symbols depicting each of the five elements of the game (Fire, Air, Earth, Water and Void). The card fronts were redesigned for a second time in 2008. There are a number of different factions that a player may use in \"Legend of the Five Rings\". Each faction has different strengths and weaknesses and often can use one or more different paths to victory. At various times in the game's history, factions have been added and removed for storyline reasons, simplification of mechanics for newer players or power-level reasons. At the time of \"Imperial Edition\" six factions were included: Crab, Crane, Dragon, Lion, Phoenix and Unicorn. The most recent arc, \"Emperor Edition\", features the six original factions and three others: Mantis, Scorpion, and Spider. In addition to the playable factions, several minor clans exist in Rokugan, each with a purpose and task given to them by the Emperor and some card and storyline support. They include the Badger Clan, Bat Clan, Boar Clan, Dragonfly Clan, Falcon Clan (now the Toritaka family of the Crab), Fox Clan, Hare Clan, Kolat, Monkey Clan, Oriole Clan, Snake Clan (now the evil Chuda Family of the Spider clan), Sparrow Clan, Tortoise Clan, and Wasp Clan. \"Legend of the Five Rings\" can be played with any number of players, although two to four are most common. Unlike most CCGs, which are geared towards one-on-one duels, \"L5R\" was designed with multi-player matches in mind. Each player represents a leader of one of the factions battling for power. Each player has two decks that are kept separate during play: One \"Dynasty\" deck, consisting of black-backed cards, and one \"Fate\" deck, consisting of green-backed cards. Each deck must contain at least 40 cards, with no upper limit. No deck may contain more than three of any particular card, and no more than one of any particular \"unique\" card. In addition to a Fate deck and a Dynasty deck, each player must choose one Stronghold card to represent his or her faction and ancestral home. At the beginning of a game, all players start by simultaneously revealing their chosen stronghold. The family honor value printed on the stronghold determines play order, with the highest value going first. If a tie occurs, a random method such as a die roll or coin toss is used. Each player shuffles his or her Fate and Dynasty decks, and places them some distance apart on the game surface. Players then place the first four cards of their Dynasty deck face down on the table in front of them next to each other, between their two decks. This represents their \"provinces\", the lands their clan control. Finally, each player draws five Fate cards and places them in his or her \"hand\". The two most important type of card in the game are the \"personality\" and the \"holding\". Personalities represent warriors, courtiers, scholars, monks and creatures of the empire. Almost every personality card has a unique name corresponding to a character in the story of \"Legend of the Five Rings\"; many characters have several versions, representing the evolution of the character over the course of the story. Many cards require a personality in play to be played; in addition, Personalities are necessary in order to attack or defend. Holdings, meanwhile, are used to produce \"gold\", which is in turn used to pay for further cards. At the beginning of each of his or her turns, during the \"Straighten Phase\", a player straightens all bowed (turned 90 degrees to indicate using an effect) cards he or she currently controls. During the \"Events Phase\", a player turns all of the face-down Dynasty cards in his or her provinces face-up. If these cards are \"regions\" or \"events\", they immediately take effect. Regions (representing places in Rokugan) modify the province they are revealed in, while events (representing rare specific occurrences) have one global effect before being immediately discarded. Whenever a province becomes empty, the top card of the Dynasty deck is put into it, face-down. The player then proceeds to the \"Action Phase\", where he or she may purchase a variety of cards to improve personalities he or she controls. These cards, collectively known as attachments, are \"items\" (such as weapons and armor), \"followers\" (representing troops and retainers), \"spells\", and \"ancestors\" (guiding spirits). During the limited phase, the player may also use certain abilities on cards in play or on \"action\" cards in hand; the latter are discarded when used. Other players may also take actions during this phase, but the abilities available to them are more limited. The player then has the option of attacking opponents in the \"Attack Phase\". If he or she does so, the attacking and defending players takes turn \"assigning\" personalities they control to attack or defend the defending player's provinces. The attacking player assigns first, allowing the defending player", "cards to improve personalities he or she controls. These cards, collectively known as attachments, are \"items\" (such as weapons and armor), \"followers\" (representing troops and retainers), \"spells\", and \"ancestors\" (guiding spirits). During the limited phase, the player may also use certain abilities on cards in play or on \"action\" cards in hand; the latter are discarded when used. Other players may also take actions during this phase, but the abilities available to them are more limited. The player then has the option of attacking opponents in the \"Attack Phase\". If he or she does so, the attacking and defending players takes turn \"assigning\" personalities they control to attack or defend the defending player's provinces. The attacking player assigns first, allowing the defending player to position his or her cards in response to the attacking player's choices. Once all assignment is done, the battles at each province are played out, with players using abilities on cards they control or in hand in turn until both players pass; the battle is then resolved with the side having the highest total force becoming victorious. All cards on the losing side are destroyed; if the defending player loses, the province may also be destroyed. Destroyed provinces cannot hold Dynasty cards. Once all battles (if any) are played out, the game moves on to the \"Dynasty Phase\". The player may purchase face-up personality or holding cards in his or her provinces. The abilities of newly purchased holdings generally cannot be used until the beginning of their controller's next turn, whereas those of personalities can be used immediately. Once a player has no further actions, he or she draws a card from the Fate deck, then the turn ends. There are several ways to achieve victory or defeat in \"Legend of the Five Rings\". A player may win the game by having his or her \"honor\" score (representing the public view of his or her clan) reach over 40, at which point he or she will win the game by an \"honor victory\" at the beginning of his or her next turn. A player may also win by playing all of the titular \"five rings\", representing philosophical mastery of the universe; such a victory is called the \"enlightenment victory\". Another way to achieve victory is by eliminating all opposing players from the game. Players can be eliminated in two ways. The first is to destroy all of a player's provinces (\"military victory\") while the second involves reducing another player's honor score below -19 (\"dishonor victory\"). Until \"Samurai Edition\", published in 2007, victory by eliminating other players was termed \"military victory\" regardless of how the elimination was achieved. In addition, several cards offer alternate, unique paths to victory or defeat, and certain factions are similarly immune to winning or losing the game in some ways. The history, story, and organized play rules of \"L5R\" are divided into a series of \"arcs\". The beginning of each new arc redefines which cards may be used in tournament formats. Arcs typically begin with the publication of a base set of 300 or more cards, primarily reprinted older cards, followed by the release of several expansions of 50 to 180 new cards, and one \"promotional set\", of variable size, which is sold directly to players by the manufacturer. Often, the last few expansions of one arc will be legal for play in the next arc; such cards are referred to as \"dual bugged\", with circular indicators (\"bugs\") at the bottom of the card indicating their legality. \"Learn to play sets\" are standalone releases that allow new players to be easily introduced to the game. Several learn to play sets have been released over the course of the game's history. Generally, these sets feature particular flavor text and promotional cards relating to a specific event in the storyline. The Clan War arc began in October 1995 with the release of \"Imperial Edition\". It initially had six legal factions for play (\"Crab Clan\", \"Crane Clan\", \"Dragon Clan\", \"Lion Clan\", \"Phoenix Clan\" and \"Unicorn Clan\"). Later expansions added six more : the \"Naga\" and \"Scorpion Clan\" in \"Shadowlands\", \"Toturi's Army\" and \"Yogo Junzo's Army\" in \"Anvil of Despair\", and \"Yoritomo's Alliance\" and \"The Brotherhood of Shinsei\" in \"Crimson and Jade\". The learn to play set \"Battle at Beiden Pass\" was released in November 1996. The arc (and the game as a whole) was originally intended to end with \"Time of the Void\", but was extended due to its popularity and ended with the release of \"Scorpion Clan Coup\". This arc began in May 1998 with the release of \"Jade Edition\". It contained originally all twelve factions playable at the end of the Clan War arc, to which were later added the \"Ninja\" in \"Dark Journey Home\", the \"Ratlings\" in \"Heroes of Rokugan\", and the \"Spirits\" in \"The Spirit Wars\". \"Heroes of Rokugan\" was the first promotional set, depicting certain past figures of Rokugan's history. The learn to play sets were \"Siege of Sleeping Mountain\" (May 1999) and \"Storms over Matsu Palace\" (July 2000). This arc began in July 2001 with the release of \"Gold Edition\". Several factions were removed from the game, to retain only eight: the original six factions from \"Imperial Edition\", the Scorpion Clan, and the \"Shadowlands Horde\" (until then known as Yogo Junzo's Army). In addition, all cards in \"Heroes of Rokugan\" remained legal for play. Later, in the \"Dark Allies\" expansion, Yoritomo's Alliance was re-introduced as the \"Mantis Clan\". The promotional set was \"A Thousand Years of Darkness\", depicting an alternate timeline where the Shadowlands Horde ruled over Rokugan. Instead of a learn to play set, during \"The L5R Experience\" (July 2002), simple demonstration decks were freely distributed. This arc began in October 2003 with the release of \"Diamond Edition\". It featured all the factions of the Four Winds arc (including Ratling), this time all fully supported. The promotional set was \"Dawn of the Empire\", depicting events surrounding the creation of Rokugan. The learn to play set was \"The Training Grounds\" (November 2003). This arc began in October 2005 with the release of \"Lotus Edition\". Several significant rules changes marked this release, redefining several key concepts of the game. A new faction, the \"Spider Clan\", was introduced at the very end of the Age of Enlightenment, with the release of \"The Truest Test\". The promotional set was \"Test of Enlightenment\", which, unlike previous promotional sets, depicted current events, focused on results of the 2006 tournament season. The learn to play set was \"The Training Grounds II\" (July 2006). This arc began in July 2007 with the release of \"Samurai Edition\". It featured significant faction changes, with the removal of the Ratlings and the Shadowlands Horde. The latter group was replaced with the newly introduced Spider Clan. The promotional set for the Samurai arc was \"The Emerald and Jade Champions\", again depicting current events within the game, this time centered on the results of the 2007 World Championship. This arc did not feature a learn to play set. The arc began in June 2009 with the release of \"Celestial Edition\". The story begins with events following the tournament story line of \"The War of Dark Fire\". The promotional set was \"Forgotten Legacy\". A bit apart from the other learn to play sets were \"The Imperial Gift (Part 1 to 3)\", released in August 2009 and distributed through Stronghold Stores as free sets. The learn to play set was \"Battle of Kyuden Tonbo\" (September 2010), featuring decks for Lion and Dragon. This arc began with \"Emperor Edition\". Originally scheduled for release November 2011, it was delayed until February 2012. The learn to play set, \"Honor and Treachery\" (December 2012), depicts a set of battles between the Phoenix and Scorpion clans. This arc began with \"Ivory Edition\", which released on March 24, 2014. The Ivory Edition seeks to streamline the rules and make the card text easier to read and understand. AEG is making", "story line of \"The War of Dark Fire\". The promotional set was \"Forgotten Legacy\". A bit apart from the other learn to play sets were \"The Imperial Gift (Part 1 to 3)\", released in August 2009 and distributed through Stronghold Stores as free sets. The learn to play set was \"Battle of Kyuden Tonbo\" (September 2010), featuring decks for Lion and Dragon. This arc began with \"Emperor Edition\". Originally scheduled for release November 2011, it was delayed until February 2012. The learn to play set, \"Honor and Treachery\" (December 2012), depicts a set of battles between the Phoenix and Scorpion clans. This arc began with \"Ivory Edition\", which released on March 24, 2014. The Ivory Edition seeks to streamline the rules and make the card text easier to read and understand. AEG is making a serious attempt to lower the entry barrier for new players (the complexity level has been seen as a stumbling block to attracting new players) while at the same time, retaining the richness and deep play that veteran L5R players have come to love. The learn to play set is \"A matter of Honor\" featuring the newly rewritten core rules of Ivory Edition. The clans featured in the learn to play set \"A Matter of Honor\" are the Crab Clan and the Lion Clan. Wolfgang Baur comments: \"In the case of collectible card games, the outstanding title after \"Magic: The Gathering\" is \"Legend of the Five Rings\" (known to its fans as \"L5R\"). It inspires loyalty and devotion in those fans unlike any other CCG, and for good reason.\" According to Matt Wilson of Alderac, the game had a strong following in Philadelphia and \"towards New York\" as well as stating \"we own southern California\". Legend of the Five Rings (collectible card game) Legend of the Five Rings (L5R) is an out-of-print collectible card game created by Alderac Entertainment Group in 1995" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Hiatea In many campaign settings for the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" role-playing game, Hiatea (hee-AH-tee-uh) is the giant deity of nature, agriculture, hunting, females, and children. Her symbol is a flaming spear. Hiatea was first detailed in the book \"Monster Mythology\" (1992), including details about her priesthood. Her role in the giant pantheon of the Forgotten Realms setting is detailed in \"Giantcraft\" (1995). Hiatea appears in 3rd edition in \"Defenders of the Faith\" (2000). Her priesthood is detailed for this edition in \"Complete Divine\" (2004). Hiatea takes the form of a tanned, lithe giantess with long legs, wearing leather armor and carrying a spear that flames on her command, a bow, and a quiver of arrows. Her hair is red-golden, and her large eyes are hazel-brown. She is sometimes said to have used her spear to slay an enormous hydra, preventing its heads from regenerating by cauterizing them with fire. She is strong, confident, and an exceptional hunter. Hiatea has two aspects. From her firbolg upbringing, she has an affinity for community, agriculture, and family. Once she discovered her true patrimony (another myth said it was due to Stronmaus' teasing), she reinvented herself as a mighty hunter and protector. In many campaign settings, the giantish pantheon of gods consists of the leader Annam, as well as Grolantor, Hiatea, Iallanis, Karontor, Memnor, Skoraeus Stonebones, and Stronmaus. Other powers worshipped by giants or giant-type creatures include Baphomet, Kostchtchie, and Vaprak. Hiatea is a daughter of Annam. Her mother was an unnamed sky goddess or, according to some myths, a mortal giant. Annam originally preferred sons over daughters, and used magic to ensure the gender of his offspring was male. Hiatea's mother hid her pregnancy from Annam and had her daughter raised by firbolgs so that Annam would never learn of her existence. When she came of age, a messenger was sent from her mother's deathbed to tell Hiatea of her true parentage. Hiatea proved herself with a series of daring feats, cumulating in an epic battle with a great monster, sometimes named as a Lernaean hydra with fifty heads and sometimes as the Tarrasque. She brought a trophy of her kill to her father, who recognized her valor and worth, accepting her as one of his own offspring. Upon learning of her existence, her brother Stronmaus celebrated by creating mighty storms that flooded the worlds and washed away great evils. Hiatea's other siblings or half-siblings include Skoraeus Stonebones, Surtr, Thrym, Grolantor, Karontor, Iallanis, Diancastra, and possibly Vaprak and Memnor. Because of her patronage of the wood giants, Hiatea she has begun to develop real friendships with some of the elven deities, notably Solonor Thelandira, whom she often engages with in archery contests. Hiatea lives in \"Woodhaven\" on the wild, rugged layer of \"Eronia\" on the plane of Elysium. She often journeys to the Beastlands on hunting expeditions, impressing all who dwell there. Hiatea teaches that Nature is both creator and destroyer, and that admitting defeat is the worst shame a giant can bear. Still, some prices are too high to pay even for victory, for Hiatea is a goddess with tendencies toward good. Hiatea is worshipped by giants of all species, especially females. Firbolgs and voadkyn (wood giants) of both genders are particularly fond of Hiatea, and consider her to be their special patron. Hiatea's priests typically have one of two roles, although the boundary between the two can occasionally be fuzzy. There are the community priests (\"priests of the steadings\") who tend to agriculture and the raising, protection, and education of children; there are also the protector (or sentinel) priests who patrol woodlands and forests and keeping an eye on other races. Her voadkyn protector priests go out of their way to maintain relations with the wood elves. Among the firbolg, female clerics may be somewhat more numerous than male ones, though males and females are considered of equal merit in all of Hiatea's sects. The highest priests of Hiatea belong to no community, visiting the giant steadings only to issue orders to the priests of the community. Hiatea communicates frequently with her priests and shamans, sending omens in the form of distinctive shapes in the fires, or in flaming spheres within dying embers. Her community priests may see omens in the dreams of children. She may also send omens in the form of a gigantic (2-foot wingspan) yellow-gold moth that will spiral around flame. Her priests perceive messages in its path of flight. Those who capture the moth alive will be invisible in woodlands for days. All of Hiatea's clerics must be capable of surviving and hunting in the wilderness. Those who lose this ability due to age, injury, or other ailment must retire. Hiatea's favored weapon is the spear. Once a month or so, the community priests accompany the sentinel priests and the faithful on a ceremonial hunt. Once a year, usually in the spring, they select a particularly challenging creature to kill. Making family decisions without consulting a community priest of Hiatea is considered a minor sin by the faithful. Hiatea In many campaign settings for the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" role-playing game, Hiatea (hee-AH-tee-uh) is the giant deity of nature, agriculture, hunting, females, and children. Her symbol is a flaming spear. Hiatea was first detailed in the book \"Monster Mythology\" (1992), including details about her priesthood. Her role in the giant pantheon of the Forgotten Realms setting is detailed" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Thaana Thaana, Taana or Tāna ( in Tāna script) is the present writing system of the Maldivian language spoken in the Maldives. Thaana has characteristics of both an abugida (diacritic, vowel-killer strokes) and a true alphabet (all vowels are written), with consonants derived from indigenous and Arabic numerals, and vowels derived from the vowel diacritics of the Arabic abjad. Maldivian orthography in Thaana is largely phonemic. The Thaana script first appeared in a Maldivian document towards the beginning of the 18th century in a crude initial form known as Gabulhi Thaana which was written \"scripta continua\". This early script slowly developed, its characters slanting 45 degrees, becoming more graceful and adding spaces between words. As time went by it gradually replaced the older Dhives Akuru alphabet. The oldest written sample of the Thaana script is found in the island of Kanditheemu in \"Northern Miladhunmadulu Atoll\". It is inscribed on the door posts of the main \"Hukuru Miskiy\" (Friday mosque) of the island and dates back to 1008 AH (AD 1599) and 1020 AH (AD 1611) when the roof of the building was built and then renewed during the reigns of Ibrahim Kalaafaan (Sultan Ibrahim III) and Hussain Faamuladeyri Kilege (Sultan Hussain II) respectively. Thaana, like Arabic, is written right to left. It indicates vowels with diacritic marks derived from Arabic. Each letter must carry either a vowel or a \"sukun\" (which indicates \"no vowel\"). The only exception to this rule is \"nūnu\" which, when written without a diacritic, indicates prenasalization of a following stop. The vowel or diacritical signs are called \"fili\" in Maldivian; there are five \"fili\" for short vowels (a, i, u, e, o), where the first two look identical to the Arabic vowel signs (\"fatha\" and \"kasra\") and the third one (damma) looks somewhat similar. Long vowels (ā, ē, ī, ō and ū) are denoted by doubled \"fili\" (except ō, which is a modification of the short \"obofili\"). The letter \"alifu\" has no sound value of its own and is used for three different purposes: It can act as a carrier for a vowel with no preceding consonant, that is, a word-initial vowel or the second part of a diphthong; when it carries a \"sukun\", it indicates gemination (lengthening) of the following consonant; and if \"alifu\"+\"sukun\" occurs at the end of a word, it indicates that the word ends in /eh/. Gemination of nasals, however, is indicated by \"nūnu\"+\"sukun\" preceding the nasal to be geminated. The origins of Tāna are unique among the world's alphabets: The first nine letters (h–v) are derived from the Arabic numerals, whereas the next nine (m–d) were the local Indic numerals. (See Hindu-Arabic numerals.) The remaining letters for loanwords (z–ch) and Arabic transliteration are derived from phonetically similar native consonants by means of diacritics, with the exception of y, which is of unknown origin. This means that Thaana is one of the few alphabets not derived graphically from the original Semitic alphabet — unless the Indic numerals were (see Brahmi numerals). The order of the Tāna alphabet (\"hā, shaviyani, nūnu, rā, bā, etc.\") doesn’t follow the order of other Indic scripts or of the Arabic script. There is no apparent logic to the order; this has been interpreted as suggesting that the script was scrambled to keep it secret from average islanders. The script was originally used primarily to write magical (\"fadinta\") incantations. These included Arabic quotations, written from right to left. Maldivian learned men, who were all well versed in sorcery, saw the advantages of writing in this simplified hidden script, and Tāna was gradually adopted for everyday use. Tāna nearly disappeared for a brief period in recent history. Towards the mid-1970s, during President Ibrahim Nasir's tenure, Telex machines were introduced by the Maldivian Government in the local administration. The new telex equipment was viewed as a great progress, but Tāna was deemed to be an obstacle because messages on the telex machines could only be written in the Latin script. Following this, a rough Latin transliteration for Maldivian was officially approved by the Maldivian government in 1976 and was quickly implemented by the administration. Booklets were printed and dispatched to all Atoll and Island Offices, as well as schools and merchant liners. This was seen by many as the demise of the Tāna script. This official Latin script (Maldivian Latin) made indiscriminate use of \"h\"s for non-aspirated sounds, inconsistent with the clear phonetic rules of Indic languages. It also used certain combinations of letters and apostrophes for some Arabic sounds which effectively ignored the Arabic transliterations accepted in academic circles worldwide. The long vowel spellings \"oo\", \"ee\", and \"oa\" were introduced from English, reminiscent of colonial transcriptions. Clarence Maloney, the American anthropologist who was in the Maldives at the time of the change, lamented the crude inconsistencies of the Maldivian Latin and wondered why modern Standard Indic transliteration had not been considered. The Tāna script was reinstated by President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom shortly after he took power in 1978, although the Latin transcription of 1976 continues to be widely used. For a sample text, see the article on , the Maldives' national anthem. Even though it is not part of the alphabet, Arabic ligature Allah ﷲ is used for writing names in Thaana, for example އަބްދުﷲ (Abdullah). H. C. P. Bell, the first serious researcher of Maldivian documents, used the spelling \"Tāna,\" as the initial consonant is unaspirated. The spelling \"Thaana\" was adopted in the mid-1970s, when the government of the Maldives embarked on a short period of Romanization; /t/ was transcribed , as was used for the retroflex sound (see Gair & Cain in Daniels & Bright 1996:565). Naviyani ޱ represents the retroflex \"n\" () common to many Languages of India. However this letter was abolished from Maldivian official documents around 1953. The letter's former position in the Maldivian alphabet was the sixteenth, between Gaafu and Seenu, instead of Nyaviyani (ޏ). Former position of Nyaviyani (ޏ) was 22nd. It is still seen in reprints of old books like the \"Bodu Tartheebu,\" and it is used by the people of Addu Atoll and Fuvahmulah when writing songs or poetry in their dialects as the sound is still present in their spoken language. Thaana was added to the Unicode Standard in September, 1999 with the release of version 3.0. The Unicode block for Thaana is U+0780–U+07BF: Thaana Thaana, Taana or Tāna ( in Tāna script) is the present writing system of the Maldivian language spoken in the Maldives. Thaana has characteristics of both an abugida (diacritic, vowel-killer strokes) and a true alphabet (all vowels are written), with consonants derived from indigenous" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "United Nations Security Council Resolution 283 United Nations Security Council Resolution 283 was a United Nations Security Council resolution adopted July 29, 1970. It was adopted by 13 votes to none, with France and the United Kingdom abstaining. In the resolution the Security Council \"noted with great concern the continued flagrant refusal of the Government of South Africa to comply with the decisions of the Security Council demanding the immediate withdrawal of South Africa\" from Namibia. The Council called upon all states to refrain from any diplomatic activities which might imply recognition of South African authority over the territory and called upon all the states which had diplomatic relations with Pretoria to issue a formal declaration to the effect that they do not recognize such an authority and consider the continued South African presence to be illegal. The Council called upon all states to ensure all state-owned and controlled companies to cease dealings with Namibia, to withhold loans and investments to Namibia and Namibians, and to discourage the promotion of tourism and emigration Namibia. A further request was made for states to re-examine bilateral treaties with South Africa in so far as these treaties applied to the territory. The Security Council also requested the Secretary-General to examine all multilateral treaties with South Africa in so far as they applied to the territory, that the United Nations Council for Namibia to make available to it the results of its studies and proposals with regard to the issuance of passports and visas for Namibians, and that the General Assembly set up a fund to provide assistance to Namibians who have suffered persecution and to finance a comprehensive educational and training program for Namibians in the territory. Finally, the Council re-established the Ad Hoc Sub-Committee on Namibia to study further recommendations on ways the relevant resolutions could be implemented. United Nations Security Council Resolution 283 United Nations Security Council Resolution 283 was a United Nations Security Council resolution adopted July 29, 1970. It was adopted by 13 votes to none, with France and the United Kingdom abstaining. In the resolution the Security Council \"noted with great concern the continued flagrant refusal of the Government of South Africa to comply with the decisions of the Security Council demanding the immediate withdrawal of South Africa\" from Namibia. The Council called upon all states to refrain from any diplomatic activities which might imply recognition of South" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Don Brash Donald Thomas Brash (born 24 September 1940), formerly a New Zealand politician, was Leader of the Opposition, Leader of the National Party (the country's main Opposition party at that time) from 28 October 2003 to 27 November 2006, and the Leader of the ACT Party from 28 April 2011 to 26 November 2011. Before entering Parliament, Brash was Governor of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand from 1988 to 2002. At the New Zealand general election on 17 September 2005, National under Brash's leadership made major gains and achieved what was at the time the party's best result since the institution of the mixed-member proportional electoral system in 1993, compared with their worst result ever in 2002 under the leadership of his predecessor, Bill English. Final results placed National two seats behind the incumbent New Zealand Labour Party, with National unable to secure a majority from the minor parties to form a governing coalition. In late November 2006 Brash resigned as National Party Leader, and then from Parliament in February 2007. In October 2008 he was appointed as an Adjunct Professor of Banking in the Business School at the Auckland University of Technology, and an Adjunct Professor in the School of Economics and Finance at La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia. On 30 April 2011 Brash became the Leader of ACT New Zealand after his bid for its leadership was accepted and he was confirmed by the ACT caucus and board. He resigned later that year on 26 November 2011 due to ACT's poor showing in the election, and its failure to gain any seats apart from its electorate strong-hold of . Don Brash was born to Alan Brash, a Presbyterian minister and son of prominent lay leader Thomas Brash, and Eljean Brash (née Hill), in Whanganui on 24 September 1940. His family moved to Christchurch when he was six. He attended Cashmere Primary School and Christchurch Boys' High School before going to the University of Canterbury where he graduated in economics, history and political science. He continued his studies in economics, receiving his master's degree in 1961 for a thesis arguing that foreign investment damaged a country's economic development. The following year he began working towards a PhD (again in economics, at the Australian National University), which reached the opposite conclusion. In 1964 Brash married his first wife, Erica, with whom he had two children. In the 1980s he and his Singaporean secretary, Je Lan Lee, entered into a relationship. Both were married at the time. He separated from his first wife in 1985 and four months after they were divorced he married Lee. In 2007, his second marriage also broke up, following an affair with Diane Foreman, then Deputy Chair of the Business Round Table. Brash and Lee had one child together. Brash went to Washington, D.C. in the United States in 1966 to work as an economist for the World Bank. However, he returned to New Zealand in 1971 to become general manager of Broadbank Corporation, a merchant bank. Brash's first entry into politics came in 1980 when the National Party selected him to stand as its candidate in the by-election in the East Coast Bays electorate. Brash's attempt at the seat, however, failed – some believe that this resulted from the decision by Robert Muldoon, National Party Prime Minister, to raise tolls on the Auckland Harbour Bridge, an important route for East Coast Bays residents. The seat went to Gary Knapp of the Social Credit Party. Brash again failed to win the seat at the general election of 1981. In 1982 Brash became managing director at the New Zealand Kiwifruit Authority, which oversaw the export of kiwifruit (he grows kiwifruit as a hobby). In 1986 he became general manager of Trust Bank, a newly established banking group. In 1988 Brash became governor of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand, a position which he held for the next 14 years. Brash consistently met Government-set targets to keep inflation within 3% during his time as governor, and during his tenure interest-rates dropped from double-digit to single-digit percentages. Aside from monetary policy, Brash presided over significant changes in banking supervision, with the New Zealand approach emphasising public disclosure by banks regarding the nature of their assets and liabilities. Under his governorship, the Reserve Bank of New Zealand established a new model of the relationship between government and central bank – not totally independent, like the Bundesbank in Germany, and not dominated by government, as was typical of most central banks at the time, but one where government and central bank agreed in public about the inflation rate to be delivered by the central bank, where the central bank had full independence to run monetary policy to deliver that, and where the central bank's governor was held accountable for the inflation outcome. It was the Reserve Bank Act 1989 which established this contractual relationship (based on price stability targets) between the Bank and the Government, rather than giving direct control to Ministers of Finance. Changes took place in the currency used in New Zealand during Brash's tenure, notably the introduction of polymer banknotes, and the replacement of Queen Elizabeth's face on most of the banknotes. , many banknotes in circulation still carry the signature of Brash from his term as governor. There is a range of opinion on Brash's performance as Reserve Bank governor. The New Zealand Association of Economists describe Brash's success in establishing an independent central bank with an inflation target and in reducing inflation as a highlight of his career. Documentary maker Alister Barry described Brash as \"an extremist, an idealist\" whose \"ideal world is where the free market reigns supreme\". Barry considered that Brash manipulated public opinion towards neo-liberal economics and gave as examples Brash's advocacy for abolishing the minimum wage and his Hayek Memorial Lecture to the Institute of Economic Affairs in London. On 26 April 2002, shortly before the 2002 general election, Brash resigned as Reserve Bank governor to stand as a candidate for Parliament on the National Party list. The Party ranked him in fifth place on its party list – exceptional treatment for a newcomer from outside the House of Representatives. Most unusually among National candidates, he stood as a list candidate without running for an electorate seat. Though National had its worst performance ever, gaining only 21% of the party vote, Brash's high place on the party list assured him of a seat in Parliament. Brash immediately joined National's front bench as its spokesman on finance. This placed him opposite the Labour Party's Michael Cullen, the Minister of Finance and Deputy Prime Minister. Commentators generally praised Brash for his knowledge of economics, but expressed criticism of his inexperience in terms of political leadership. In October 2003, Brash publicly challenged Bill English for the position of Parliamentary Leader of the National Party. English had gradually lost support within the party, but Brash's victory in any leadership-contest against English seemed by no means guaranteed. Brash's decision to make his challenge public caused some criticism, with some party supporters perceiving that an open leadership dispute could damage the party's image. However, by breaking with the tradition of operating secretly, Brash calculated that people would see him as an honest \"anti-politician\" – a notion central to his personal brand. Brash won a caucus vote on 28 October 2003, making him Leader of the National Party Caucus (and thus Leader of the Opposition) after one year as a Member of Parliament. He remained National's finance spokesman, appointing the equally new MP John Key as his deputy finance-spokesman, and eventually appointing Key the primary finance-spokesman after a Caucus reshuffle in August 2004. On 27 January 2004 Brash delivered his first Orewa speech on", "Brash's decision to make his challenge public caused some criticism, with some party supporters perceiving that an open leadership dispute could damage the party's image. However, by breaking with the tradition of operating secretly, Brash calculated that people would see him as an honest \"anti-politician\" – a notion central to his personal brand. Brash won a caucus vote on 28 October 2003, making him Leader of the National Party Caucus (and thus Leader of the Opposition) after one year as a Member of Parliament. He remained National's finance spokesman, appointing the equally new MP John Key as his deputy finance-spokesman, and eventually appointing Key the primary finance-spokesman after a Caucus reshuffle in August 2004. On 27 January 2004 Brash delivered his first Orewa speech on \"\"Nationhood\"\" at the Orewa Rotary Club, north of Auckland, expressing opposition to perceived \"Māori racial separatism\" in New Zealand: The topic I will focus on today is the dangerous drift towards racial separatism in New Zealand, and the development of the now entrenched Treaty grievance industry. We are one country with many peoples, not simply a society of Pākehā and Māori where the minority has a birthright to the upper hand, as the Labour Government seems to believe\".[...] Though the sentiments expressed in the Orewa speech differed little from established National Party views (as voiced previously by Bill English, for example), these comments resulted in National receiving an unprecedented boost in a public opinion poll. National gained 17 percentage points in the February 2004 Colmar Brunton poll for Television New Zealand, taken shortly after the speech. The surge in National support marked the biggest single gain by a political party in a single poll in Colmar Brunton's polling history. In the months that followed, changes of emphasis in Labour's policy agenda became apparent as Labour attempted to recoup the ground lost to National in the February poll. Shortly after the delivery of the Orewa speech, Brash fired his Māori Affairs spokesperson Georgina te Heuheu because she would not publicly support his speech. After the February peak, National suffered a steady decline in public opinion polls, leaving it 11 points behind Labour at the end of 2004. In 2004, following a political speech given by the Prime Minister Helen Clark inside the Christchurch Cathedral, Brash wrote to the Dean of the Cathedral, Peter Beck. In his letter he criticised Clark's use of a church-venue for delivering a political speech, and he raised questions over her views on religion and on the institution of marriage. After Clark retaliated, Brash apologised for any offence that his comments had caused to her, and revealed that his Chief of Staff, Richard Long, had written the letter, not Brash himself. On 25 January 2005 Brash made his third speech to the Orewa Rotary Club (his first had come in the final week of January 2003, while still National's finance spokesman). This time Brash focussed on \"\"Welfare Dependency: Whatever Happened to Personal Responsibility?\"\" Brash pledged to reduce the number of working-age beneficiaries from the current figure of 300,000 to 200,000 over ten years, and he dedicated a significant part of his speech to the Domestic Purposes Benefit. At the time approximately 109,000 single parents received the DPB, costing taxpayers about $1.5 billion a year. Brash noted that since the inception of the DPB in 1974, the population of New Zealand had increased by 30% while the numbers receiving the DPB had increased almost ninefold. Brash used the speech to highlight his views on both the fiscal and social costs of entrenched welfare-dependency: How can we tolerate a welfare system which allows children to grow up in a household where the parents are permanently dependent on a welfare benefit? Our welfare system is contributing to the creation of a generation of children condemned to a lifetime of deprivation, with limited education, without life skills, and without the most precious inheritance from their parents, a sense of ambition or aspiration. Nothing can be more destructive of self esteem. Brash proposed a number of ways to reduce welfare dependency and to refocus the DPB back to its original intent of giving aid to single-parent families in need or in danger. These proposals included enforcing child-support payments from absent fathers, requiring single parents to work or perform community services once their children reached school age, and introducing penalties for women seeking the DPB who refused to name the father of their child. He also acknowledged adoption as an acceptable option, particularly for teenage girls, and drew attention to the growth in numbers of single mothers giving birth to additional children while already receiving the single-parent DPB benefit. Some elements of the speech put his Social Welfare spokesperson, Katherine Rich, at odds with Brash, and he fired her from the portfolio, promoting the MP for Clevedon, Judith Collins, in her place. On 5 November 2003, shortly after becoming leader of the National Party, Brash released his five main policy priorities: After the Orewa speech of 2004, Brash's public statements on race relations received significant attention, both in the traditional media and online. During the 2005 election campaign, he criticised the use of \"powhiri\" in welcoming international visitors: I mean, I think there is a place for Maori culture but why is it that we always use a semi-naked male, sometimes quite pale-skinned Maori, leaping around in, you know, mock battle? In September 2006 Brash stated that: There are clearly many New Zealanders who do see themselves as distinctly and distinctively Maori – but it is also clear there are few, if any, fully Maori left here. There has been a lot of intermarriage and that has been welcome. These comments received a negative response from other political leaders, who portrayed focussing on blood quantum as divisive and as harking back to racist laws, and who suggested the appropriateness for Maori themselves to determine how to define themselves. Brash questioned whether Māori remained a distinct indigenous group because few \"full-blooded\" individuals survive. This drew criticism from a range of his adversaries, including Maori Party co-leader Tariana Turia, who cancelled a dinner with him in protest. In a statement to explain his position on 30 September 2006, Brash said that the Government had no responsibility to address the over-representation of Māori in negative social statistics. \"If Māori New Zealanders die more frequently from lung cancer than non-Māori do, for example, it is almost certainly because Māori New Zealanders choose to smoke more heavily than other New Zealanders do\". Brash stressed the significance of New Zealand's British heritage. When asked \"who are the ideal immigrants?\", Brash made the following statement; In July 2005, Prime Minister Helen Clark announced that a General Election would take place on 17 September. At that time Brash and the National Party led by a slim margin in the opinion-polls. But by mid-August both Brash and National had declined in popularity. Commentators attributed this trend to a series of announcements of new spending programs by Labour, and to confusion as to whether National could form a stable coalition government with New Zealand First and/or ACT New Zealand. The National Party advertising campaign aimed at rebutting arguments brought up by Labour about a variety of themes: Brash's stand on national security issues (he favoured greater co-operation with \"traditional allies\"), his commitment to social security programmes (including healthcare), as well as his ideas on the perceived drift towards \"racial separatism\" dividing Māori from other New Zealanders. One of Brash's most significant and widely publicised policy announcements foreshadowed the introduction of tax-cuts for working New Zealanders. Brash's party", "Commentators attributed this trend to a series of announcements of new spending programs by Labour, and to confusion as to whether National could form a stable coalition government with New Zealand First and/or ACT New Zealand. The National Party advertising campaign aimed at rebutting arguments brought up by Labour about a variety of themes: Brash's stand on national security issues (he favoured greater co-operation with \"traditional allies\"), his commitment to social security programmes (including healthcare), as well as his ideas on the perceived drift towards \"racial separatism\" dividing Māori from other New Zealanders. One of Brash's most significant and widely publicised policy announcements foreshadowed the introduction of tax-cuts for working New Zealanders. Brash's party embarked on a targeted billboard-advertising programme, which later (post-election) won two advertising-industry awards. In his first party-political election-campaign broadcast Brash mentioned a number of aspects of his life that he believed had attuned him to the political centre-ground in New Zealand: On 19 August 2005, National unveiled a $3.9 billion tax-cut policy. The first polling conducted after the announcement suggested that it had boosted National support. On 22 August, Brash engaged in a televised debate with the Labour Party leader Helen Clark. According to \"The New Zealand Herald\", Clark appeared 'confident and aggressive' and Brash appeared 'defensive'. In response to questions over his assertiveness, Brash indicated that he had not attacked Clark during the debate because she was a woman. Clark described Brash's explanation as patronising. On 27 August a weekend newspaper published a series of leaked documents, including private emails, showing that members of the ACT party and of the Business Round Table had advised Brash during his bid for the leadership of the parliamentary National Party. Continuing leaks over following weeks appeared designed to cause the National leader embarrassment. Furthermore, confusion bedevilled National's potential coalition options: New Zealand First showed reluctance to reveal whether it would support National or Labour post-election, whilst ACT (often seen as National's natural coalition partner due to the similarities in some of their policies) criticised National for not openly supporting ACT leader Rodney Hide's bid to win the electorate seat of Epsom. Pamphlets distributed by members of a Christian sect, the Exclusive Brethren, in early September caused further embarrassment for Brash; although they were not anonymous, they did not refer to the Exclusive Brethren but were authorised in the names of individual church members. Brash initially denied National had anything to do with it, but later admitted that the Brethren had told him at a meeting some months earlier that they planned to run a campaign opposing the direction of the Labour Government. Brash has maintained his position that the pamphlet-campaign took place on the Exclusive Brethren's own initiative. The General Election on 17 September produced a close result, with initial election-night figures from rural areas favouring National (in accordance with tradition and previous patterns); but by the end of the evening Labour had won 40.7% of the vote to National's 39.6%. Following the counting of the special votes the gap widened, with Labour taking 41.1% of the vote to National's 39.1%. Dr Brash conceded defeat on 1 October after weeks of electoral uncertainty while the major parties sought to secure the support of minor coalition partners. His only realistic scenario for becoming prime minister would have involved a coalition between National, ACT and United Future, with confidence and supply from New Zealand First and the Māori Party. This appeared highly unlikely on several counts. New Zealand First's involvement in such a coalition would have run counter to its pre-election promise to deal with the biggest party. The Māori Party's supporters overwhelmingly gave their party-votes to Labour, and National had indicated it would abolish the Maori seats if it won power. Essentially National had failed to make up enough ground in the cities but swept the electoral votes in the provinces, clawing back a number of seats from Labour and defeating New Zealand First founder-leader Winston Peters in his electorate (Peters remained in Parliament as a list MP). Apart from in Auckland, National's support centred mainly in rural and provincial areas. Don Brash took leave on 13 September 2006, to sort out marital troubles. Rumours of an extramarital affair came to the public's attention around this date after National MP Brian Connell allegedly confronted Brash in a caucus-meeting about the rumours. Details leaked to the press, and in the weeks that followed the National Party caucus suspended Connell from membership of the caucus. On Saturday 23 September, Brash appeared on Television New Zealand's \"Agenda\" news program and acknowledged that he had met with Exclusive Brethren representatives after the 2005 general election. Brash indicated his intention to remain the leader of the National Party and to contest the next election in that role. However, it became increasingly clear that the caucus preferred Finance Spokesman John Key, whose rating steadily rose in \"preferred Prime Minister\" polls. Key made no move publicly, but Brash's reputation for honesty and political competence eroded when, for example, broadcast footage showed him walking a plank, and when allegations appeared of his having an affair with an Auckland businesswoman, Diane Foreman – a charge he has never denied. Despite these setbacks, when asked by an interviewer for an article published in the United Kingdom on 18 November 2006 if he planned to remain leader of his party, \"...the Clark Kent of Kiwi politics [Brash] turned to me and smiled gently. 'That's my intention,'...\" During a hastily called press-conference on Thursday 23 November 2006, Don Brash announced his resignation as the National Party leader, effective from 27 November. Speculation regarding his leadership had foreshadowed this move, and the publicity had had a negative effect on his political party. The publicity came to a head just before the scheduled publication of a book written by Nicky Hager containing leaked emails (amongst other allegedly damaging revelations). On 16 November 2006 Brash had obtained a High Court injunction prohibiting the distribution or publication of the private emails allegedly unlawfully taken from his computer, following ongoing rumours that his opponents would publish a series of his personal emails as a book, and he confirmed that the police had commenced a criminal investigation into the alleged email-theft. However he claimed he had no awareness of and did not wish to stop the publication of the Hager book. As part of his resignation announcement, Brash also announced he had cleared the way for the book's release by providing copies of his emails to Hager, and stated it had nothing to with his resignation. Brash also claimed that the publication of the book did not contribute to his decision to resign as National Party leader. The book, \"The Hollow Men: A Study in the Politics of Deception\", details Brash's rise to power in the National Party as assisted by an \"informal network of people from the right of New Zealand politics\", including a number of ACT members. It also documents that senior National Party figures, including Brash, knew of the Exclusive Brethren's pamphlet campaigns in May 2005, although Brash denied knowledge of this until August. On Thursday 30 November 2006, just one week after resigning as leader of the party, Brash resigned from Parliament after the National Party's new parliamentary leader, John Key, declined to offer him a senior portfolio. He set no official date, but he stated he would not return in the new year. Brash then made his valedictory speech on Tuesday 12 December", "leader. The book, \"The Hollow Men: A Study in the Politics of Deception\", details Brash's rise to power in the National Party as assisted by an \"informal network of people from the right of New Zealand politics\", including a number of ACT members. It also documents that senior National Party figures, including Brash, knew of the Exclusive Brethren's pamphlet campaigns in May 2005, although Brash denied knowledge of this until August. On Thursday 30 November 2006, just one week after resigning as leader of the party, Brash resigned from Parliament after the National Party's new parliamentary leader, John Key, declined to offer him a senior portfolio. He set no official date, but he stated he would not return in the new year. Brash then made his valedictory speech on Tuesday 12 December 2006. On 7 February 2007, Katrina Shanks took his place as a National Party list MP. On 18 May 2007 Don Brash joined the ANZ National Bank board as Rob McLeod retired from the board to return to his accounting practice. He also chairs Huljich Wealth Management, an independent, specialist funds-management company based in Auckland, New Zealand. In late 2008 he was lecturing in economics at the Auckland University of Technology In April 2009 Brash was appointed as a director of the electricity grid operator Transpower. In late April 2011, Brash, still a National Party member, announced that he would like to lead the ACT Party, which would require incumbent leader Rodney Hide to step down. Hide dismissed any talk of a leadership challenge to him but Brash was quoted as saying, \"I'd like to say to the board that, under my leadership, I believe Act has a much better prospect of not only getting back into Parliament but having a significant number of MPs.\" John Key also would not rule out working with Brash if it came down to a tight decision. On 28 April 2011 the incumbent leader of the ACT Party, Rodney Hide, announced that he was stepping down as leader in favour of Brash who had joined the party that morning. His membership was ratified by the party board on Saturday 30 April and the ACT party parliamentary caucus confirmed him as leader the same day. The party board re-convened later that day to ratify his leadership. Rodney Hide remained in Parliament until its dissolution prior to the 2011 general election. Brash was leader of the party outside Parliament and former Auckland City mayor John Banks stood in Epsom. The \"Listener\" compared Brash's successful bid for the leadership of the ACT Party to a hostile takeover. Brash hoped to get ACT 15% of the party vote in the 2011 election, but it only managed 1%. Brash resigned on election night and was later replaced as leader by John Banks. In September 2016, Don Brash became the spokesperson for a new lobby group called Hobson's Pledge. Hobson's Pledge is named after William Hobson, the first Governor of New Zealand and co-author of the Treaty of Waitangi. The group was formed to oppose what Brash has described as Māori favoritism and advocates abolishing the Māori electorates. On 7 August 2018, Massey University Vice-Chancellor Jan Thomas cancelled Brash's talk scheduled for the next day at the university's Palmerston North campus. She cited safety issues regarding Brash's support for the controversial alt-right Canadian activists Lauren Southern and Stefan Molyneux's Auckland tour and his leadership of the Hobson's Pledge advocacy group, which has advocated the abolition of the Māori wards. She said too she \"supported free speech on campus, but totally opposed hate speech\". Brash criticised her decision as a threat to free speech. The cancellation was criticised by various public figures including Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern, Education Minister Chris Hipkins, Opposition Leader Simon Bridges, and Massey University Students' Association President Ben Schmidt, and ACT party leader David Seymour. In addition, several Māori Members of Parliament including Green Party co-leader Marama Davidson and Labour MP Willie Jackson defended Brash's right to free speech while expressing disagreement with his views of Māori. Brash voted for the decriminalisation of both prostitution and euthanasia, voted against raising the drinking age back up to 20 and voted against Manukau banning street prostitution. However, Brash did vote against the Civil Unions Bill because he backed a public mandate for any change to the law. He has also called for the decriminalisation of cannabis. In March 2013, Brash joined the debate over the future of Auckland, saying land needed to be freed up for residential zoning so house prices would come down, at odds with Mayor Len Brown's plan to stop urban sprawl and build the city upwards. Don Brash Donald Thomas Brash (born 24 September 1940), formerly" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Reginald Bach Reginald Bach (3 September 1886 – 6 January 1941) was a British actor and theatrical producer. Born in Shepperton, Middlesex, England, Bach was educated at Dean Close School, in Cheltenham Spa, the family having moved to Leamington Spa. After leaving school lived in Cheltenham Spa, where he established a reputation as an amateur actor, making his professional debut in 1905. In 1926 Bach married Olive Thurston, daughter of writer E. Temple Thurston. She had acted in Bach's 1924 production of the Temple Thurston play \"Blue Peter\". Bach took an active part in the actor's union Equity and served on the executive committee. At the outbreak of the second world war, Bach moved to the USA, where he acted in several plays. He died 6 January 1941 in New York City. Reginald Bach Reginald Bach (3 September 1886 – 6 January 1941) was a British actor and theatrical producer. Born in Shepperton, Middlesex, England, Bach was educated at Dean Close School, in Cheltenham Spa, the family having moved to Leamington Spa. After leaving school lived in Cheltenham Spa, where he established a reputation as an amateur actor, making his professional debut in 1905. In 1926 Bach married Olive Thurston," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "T-24 (tiger) T-24, also known as Ustad, is a tiger who lived in Ranthambore National Park, India. He allegedly killed four humans and was put into captivity. T-24, popularly called Ustad, was a dominant male Tiger occupying Zones 1, 2 and 6 of Ranthambhore National Park. He was born in the Lahpur area in late 2006. His brothers were T-23 and T-25. His grandmother was Maachli T-16, a celebrated Tigress. T-24 rose to dominance in 2010 and took over Zones 1,2 and 6. He patrolled his growing 40 square km territory at night and was known to instill fear in poachers, and forest guards, because of his fearless nature. He was popularly called Ustad which means the Master. Officially weighing 258kg (570lbs) on forest department paperwork on May 16, 2015 on an empty stomach, and estimated to be up to 270kg (596lbs) by a local biologist, he was one of the largest Tigers Ranthambhore has seen. Tigers are usually lighter in the hot May Summer months because they consume less meat, but during Winter months they can consume 60 lbs at a time causing their body weight to go up accordingly. T24's mating partner was T-39, popularly called Noor, and together they had three male cubs from two separate litters. All those cubs are now no longer seen in Ranthambhore National Park but have moved north to Keladevi Sanctuary according to the Field Director Y.K. Sahu. On May 8, 2015, T-24 was controversially identified as the Tiger that killed forest guard Rampal Saini. The forest department stated that this was T-24's fourth human kill and they moved him out of the wild to a zoo in Udaipur in the larger interest of tiger conservation in Ranthambhore. This move caused massive social uproar. Activists argued that all four killings occurred in the core area which is supposed to be inviolate space for Tigers and that there was no definitive proof that T-24 was the killer Tiger. They took their cause to the streets, online and to the courts. On May 28, 2015, the Jaipur High Court concluded that the removal of T24 was legal, and pointed out that the Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve officials are the appropriate authority to make Ranthambhore wild tiger translocation decisions. Activists continue to pursue the case legally and otherwise with no success, even citing a report from the National Tiger Conservation Authority, which concluded that T24 was not a man-eater but rather his attacks on humans were chance encounters. In the zoo, T-24 suffered various health issues including megacolon and is on a special diet and medication. He remains the only Tiger to have graced the cover of India Today magazine and the only Tiger to have commanded the attention of the Delhi High Court, Jaipur High Court and Supreme Court of India. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/my-time-with-the-tiger-they-call-a-man-eater_us_57744590e4b0835ca01780b4 T-24 (tiger) T-24, also known as Ustad, is a tiger who lived in Ranthambore National Park, India. He allegedly killed four humans and was put into captivity. T-24, popularly called Ustad, was a" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Performic acid Performic acid (PFA) is an organic compound with the formula CHO. It is an unstable colorless liquid which can be produced by mixing formic acid with hydrogen peroxide. Owing to its oxidizing and disinfecting action, it is used in the chemical, medical and food industries. Performic acid is a colorless liquid soluble in water, alcohols, ether, benzene, chloroform and other organic solvents. Its strong oxidizing properties are used for cleaving disulfide bonds in protein mapping, as well as for epoxidation, hydroxylation and oxidation reactions in organic synthesis. In the medical and food industries, performic acid is commonly used to disinfect equipment. It is effective against viruses, bacterial spores, algae, microscopic fungi and mycobacteria, as well as other microorganisms such as zooplankton. The popularity of performic acid as a sterilizer originates from the safe nature of its degradation products, mostly carbon dioxide, oxygen and water. The disinfecting action of performic acid is also faster than that of the related compounds peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The major drawbacks of performic acid are handling dangers related to its high reactivity, as well as instability, especially upon heating, which means that the acid must be used within about 12 hours of it being synthesised. Performic acid is synthesized by the reaction of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide by the following equilibrium reaction: Synthesis of pure performic acid has not been reported, but aqueous solutions up to about 48% can be formed by simply mixing equimolar amounts of concentrated aqueous reactant solutions. Using an excess of either reactant shifts the equilibrium towards the product side. The aqueous product solution can be distilled to increase the concentration of performic acid to about 90%. This reaction is reversible and can be used for large scale industrial production if accelerated with a catalyst; however, its temperature must be kept below 80–85 °C to avoid an explosion. The catalyst can be nitric, hydrofluoric, phosphoric or sulfuric acid or their salts; it can also be an organic compound containing at least one ester group, such as carboxylic acid ester or peracetic acid. Performic acid is non-toxic; it does irritate the skin, but less so than peracetic acid. Concentrated acid (above 50%) is highly reactive; it readily decomposes upon heating, and explodes upon rapid heating to 80–85 °C. It may ignite or explode at room temperature when combined with flammable substances, such as formaldehyde, benzaldehyde, or aniline, and explodes violently upon addition of metal powders. For this reason, spilled performic acid is diluted with cold water and collected with neutral, non-flammable inorganic absorbents, such as vermiculite. Performic acid Performic acid (PFA) is an organic compound with the formula CHO. It is an unstable colorless liquid which can be produced by mixing formic acid with hydrogen peroxide. Owing to its oxidizing and disinfecting action, it is used in the chemical, medical and food industries. Performic acid is a colorless liquid soluble in water, alcohols, ether, benzene, chloroform and other organic solvents. Its strong oxidizing properties are used for cleaving" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Bus Azur Bus Azur is a brand of bus services serving the Southern French city of Cannes, France. The operator, Veolia Transport Cannes is responsible for operating the Bus Azur buses for SITP, grouping the communes of Cannes, le Cannet et Mandelieu-la-Napoule. The city of Cannes was, until 1933, served by an urban tramway system, the Tramway de Cannes, as well as an inter-urban tramway, the Tramway de Nice et du Littoral until 1953. The first bus services within Cannes and between Cannes and le Cannet began in 1936. Cannes bus company operated four lines: Each of the lines were divided in two fare zones. In 1954, the concession for operation of buses in Cannes was given to Société des Transports Urbains de Cannes by the Syndicat Intercommunal des Transports Publics for twenty years. Several lines were created during the 1960s, linking Cannes to la Californie, Cannes and le Cannet via République and Cannes to l'Aubarède. Lines were divided into four fare zones. In 1968, severe strikes forced the company to reduce its staff presence on buses to one. The STUC's concession was extended by ten years in 1974 thanks to a grant to the STIP. The company adopted a new ticketing system, using magnetic strip cards. Lines were grouped into two global fare zones in replacement of the four per line. Service was increased with the purchase of more rolling stock. Within two years, stock and staff numbers doubled. In 1978, the STUC purchased a diesel multiple unit X 94630 for use on the Cannes-Ranguin railway line. Service was eleven minutes in length and bus ticketing used. The concession was once more extended, for five years, in 1984, with further bus purchases and the repainting of the X 94630 into the line's colours. rail services ended in 1995 due to loss of revenue. On 5 November 1996, CGFTE Cannes signed a contract delegating services. In 2004, Bus Azur introduced double-decker buses on its line 8 quai Laubeuf-La Croisette-Palm Beach. Bus Azur Bus Azur is a brand of bus services serving the Southern French city of Cannes, France. The operator, Veolia Transport Cannes is responsible for operating the Bus Azur buses for SITP, grouping the communes of Cannes, le Cannet et Mandelieu-la-Napoule. The city of Cannes was, until 1933, served by an urban tramway system, the Tramway de Cannes, as well as an inter-urban tramway, the Tramway de Nice et" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Friedrich Heinrich Stöckhardt \"Friedrich\" Heinrich Stöckhardt (14 August 1842 - 4 June 1920) was a German architect. Heinrich Stöckhardt was born in Saint Petersburg. His father, Robert Stöckhardt, had been appointed there as professor of Roman law. After the father's early death in 1848 his widow, Emilie née Voigt, returned with her children to Naumburg. Heinrich was educated to open mindedness to art, as both his father as well as family members of his mother were great music lovers. The father composed himself and was acquainted with Clara Schumann. An uncle, Carl Friedrich Eduard Voigt, sponsored the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra and was acquainted with Robert Schumann. In later years, one of Heinrich's brothers became a composer and one sister became a painter. He studied at Georg Hermann Nicolai in Dresden, where he worked till 1869. In 1871 he joined the Rathaus-Atelier of Hermann Friedrich Waesemann. Later, Stöckhardt became assistant and lecturer at the Technische Hochschule Charlottenburg. He was appointed professor in 1911. Stöckhardt is especially known for his fountain designs. In 1882 he had already won the competition for the Mendebrunnen in Leipzig, but remained unconsidered. In 1890 two important fountains were inaugurated, in Erfurt at the city's main place Anger, and in Dessau a fountain monument memorizing Moses Mendelssohn. Stöckhardt's best known work, however, followed in 1901. The Gänseliesel fountain is today Göttingen's landmark. Stöckhardt died 1920 in Woltersdorf, Brandenburg, where his villa is used today as a private school. Friedrich Heinrich Stöckhardt \"Friedrich\" Heinrich Stöckhardt (14 August 1842 - 4 June 1920) was a German architect. Heinrich Stöckhardt was born in Saint Petersburg. His father, Robert Stöckhardt, had been appointed there as professor of Roman law. After the father's early death in 1848 his widow, Emilie née Voigt, returned with her children to Naumburg. Heinrich was educated to" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Canuck, Saskatchewan Canuck is an unincorporated community within the Rural Municipality of Lone Tree No. 18, Saskatchewan, Canada. Located on Highway 18, 12.5 km east of the village of Climax. In 2006, Canuck had a population of 0 living in 0 dwellings, a 0% increase from 2001. The community had a land area of and a population density of . Canuck was once a booming community, with a few small businesses and storefronts along main street, three grain elevators all have since been demolished, and a small school house that has also been demolished. Since the late 1930s Canuck's population dwindled and the community is now completely abandoned. Canuck, Saskatchewan Canuck is an unincorporated community within the Rural Municipality of Lone Tree No. 18, Saskatchewan, Canada. Located on Highway 18, 12.5 km east of the village of Climax. In 2006, Canuck had a population of 0 living in 0 dwellings, a 0% increase from 2001. The community had a land area of and a population density of . Canuck was once a booming community, with a few small businesses and storefronts along main street, three grain elevators all have since been demolished, and a small school house that has also" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Graues Haus (Oestrich-Winkel) The house is located at Graugasse 8 in the south of the town towards the Rhine. Today the building is surrounded by vineyards. It is separated from the river since the \"Bundesstraße\" 42 (federal highway 42) was built in the 1950s. An exact dating of the origin of the building is problematic. Dendrochronological studies of the roof timbers show that these were struck around 1075/1078. For the construction, spoliae dated back to the 9th to 11th century were used, probably from the nearby imperial palace at Ingelheim am Rhein. Older theories assumed that the building was erected already in the ninth century, and was the home and place of death of the archbishop and scholar Rabanus Maurus. According to current research, the house was built as a family residence of the Greiffenclau family, the heirs of the Lords of Winkel, whose pedigree can be traced back to the year 1097. The building served until the year 1330 as a residence and then as a house for employees of Schloss Vollrads. Over the centuries, the building was kept virtually unchanged. In the 17th Century a neighboring building was added on the south side. After a fire in 1964, the house was reconstructed from 1966 to 1967 to its old form by the then-owner, Count Erwein Matuschka-Greiffenclau, supported by the state of Hesse, the Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis and the town of Oestrich-Winkel. Graues Haus (Oestrich-Winkel) The house is located at Graugasse 8 in the south of the town towards the Rhine. Today the building is surrounded by vineyards. It is separated from the river since the \"Bundesstraße\" 42 (federal highway 42) was built in the 1950s. An exact dating of the origin of the building is problematic. Dendrochronological studies of the roof timbers show that these were struck around 1075/1078. For" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "David Addy David Nii Addy (born 21 February 1990 in Prampram) is a Ghanaian international footballer, who last played for Riga FC and Ghana. In Summer 2008, Addy made his first international move to Europe, from a Ghanaian Club – International Allies FC being signed by Danish SAS Ligaen club Randers FC. At Randers FC,Addy made his debut on 19 October against Vejle gaining 7 minutes. In the following season, Addy was part of the Randers FC squad that went to compete in the UEFA Europa League.He also made his debut in the UEFA Europa League, in the first qualifying round against Linfield FC from Northern Ireland on 2 July 2009. On 1 February 2010 the Ghanaian U-20 champion joined Portuguese top club FC Porto from SAS Ligaen side Randers FC for €800,000, signing a three ½ year contract. The young Ghanaian U-20 made his debut for FC Porto on 14 April 2010 in a 4–0 Victory against Rio Ave FC. In July 2010, he joined Académica de Coimbra on a season-long loan from Portuguese club FC Porto. On 31 August 2011, he joined a newly promoted Greek Superleague side Panetolikos F.C. on a season-long loan from Porto. On 30 September 2012, Addy signed a two-year deal for Vitoria S.C.. In May 2013 Addy helped Vitoria S.C. win the 2012/13 Taca de Portugal and qualified for the 2013/14 UEFA Europa League. Addy had 4 successful UEFA Europa League appearances against Real Betis, Olympic Lyon and Rijeka. Vitoria S.C finished third in Group I and made an early exit from the competition. In August 2014 Addy signed a 2-year deal with Belgian Pro League club Waasland-Beveren. On 18 November 2016, Addy played his first match for Dynamos in the ISL on the left side of attack. In March 2017, Addy, left without a contract with Dynamos, signed a 3-month deal with Finnish club Rovaniemen Palloseura where he appeared in all of the 15 league games before leaving the team at the end of June. On 6 September 2017, Addy signed for Riga FC. Addy earned his first Black Satellites call-up after an impressive performance with the Local Black Stars in 2008, making his debut in January 2008 in a match against Angola. In 2009 Addy was part of the squad that won the 2009 African Youth Championship. His success continued in October 2009 as he also took part in the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup held in Egypt which the team went on to win, making them the first African Nation to have ever won the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup. He was called up for the Black Stars for the game versus Lesotho on 8 June 2008. His second game was on 2 November 2008 against Niger. Addy has been called up to play for the Ghanaian Senior National Football team. In summer 2010,Addy got engaged to German-Ghanaian Economics graduate Dyen Gabriel. The couple first met in 2008 through a mutual friend. In June 2013, Addy married his fiancée Dyen Gabriel in a private ceremony in Accra. In May 2014 Addy and his wife celebrated the birth of their first child. The couple welcomed a bouncing baby girl in their lives born in Reading,Berkshire. Ghana Premier League Young Defender of the year 2008 Taca de Portugal Cup winners with FC Porto David Addy David Nii Addy (born 21 February 1990 in Prampram) is a Ghanaian international footballer, who last played for Riga FC and Ghana. In Summer 2008, Addy made his first international move to Europe, from a Ghanaian Club – International Allies FC being signed by Danish SAS Ligaen" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Valerie Vaz Valerie Carol Marian Vaz (born 7 December 1954) is a British politician and solicitor. A member of the Labour Party, she has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Walsall South since the 2010 general election. She currently serves in the shadow cabinet as the Shadow Leader of the House of Commons. Vaz was born in Aden, Yemen. Her family originates from Goa, India, and settled in Twickenham and then East Sheen, London. Her father worked in the airline industry, while her mother worked two jobs, as a teacher and for Marks & Spencer. Her father committed suicide when she was 16. Vaz attended Twickenham County Grammar School before going on to Bedford College, University of London where she completed a BSc (Hons) degree in Biochemistry in 1978. In 1984 she qualified as a solicitor and subsequently worked on legal issues for local government in London. She set up her own law firm, Townsend Vaz Solicitors, and has sat as a Deputy District Judge in the County Court on the Midland and Oxford Circuit. In 2001, she joined the Government Legal Service, and worked at the Treasury Solicitors Department and the Ministry of Justice. She worked as a presenter and interviewer for the BBC TV programme \"Network East\" in 1987. Vaz was a councillor in the London Borough of Ealing from 1986 to 1990, and the council's Deputy Leader from 1988 to 1989. She stood unsuccessfully as a parliamentary candidate in the constituency of Twickenham in the 1987 general election, and in the 1999 European elections in the East Midlands. She was a contender to be selected as a Labour candidate for 2000 West Bromwich West by-election, however she failed in her attempt, in the next election she was successful in being selected after winning a women-only shortlist. She was elected in the 2010 general election, securing the Walsall South seat with a reduced Labour majority of 1,755 (8.2% swing to the Conservative Party). In June 2010 she was selected as a Labour member of the Health Select Committee. She was also Vice Chairwoman of the Labour Parliamentary Party, having been elected by fellow Labour MPs. In the 2015 general election, she was re-elected as the member of parliament for Walsall South, with an increased majority of 6,007 (5% swing to the Labour Party). In the 2015–2017 parliament, she served on the Science and Technology Committee followed by the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee. In October 2016 she was appointed to Jeremy Corbyn's shadow cabinet as the Shadow Leader of the House of Commons. In the 2017 general election she was elected for a third time at Walsall South, with an increased majority of 8,892. Vaz is married to Paul Townsend. The couple have one daughter. Her hobbies include music and gardening. Her younger brother Keith Vaz is also a Labour MP, while her sister Penny is a lawyer. Her late mother Merlyn Vaz was formerly a Labour councillor in Leicester. Valerie Vaz Valerie Carol Marian" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Passagen Verlag The publishing house Passagen Verlag was founded in 1985 in Vienna by Peter Engelmann. The primary intention of the publisher was the translation of Jacques Derrida's work into German. Around the author Derrida, Peter Engelmann developed a program, which gathers relevant authors of all disciplines, who identified themselves with the program deconstruction (\"Dekonstruktivismus\") and \"postmodernism\" (Postmoderne). Peter Engelmann was honoured by the French State in February 2004 with the title \"Commandeur dans l´ordre des Arts et des Lettres\" for his work as publisher. The Passagen Verlag, the name Passagen being an allusion to Walter Benjamin's most important text Passagenwerk, publishes besides Derrida authors such as Jean-François Lyotard, Gianni Vattimo, Jean Baudrillard, Paul Feyerabend, Peter Eisenman, Jacques Lacan, Ernesto Laclau, Chantal Mouffe, Sarah Kofman, Gerhard Anna Concic-Kaucic, Slavoj Žižek, Emmanuel Levinas, Clifford Geertz, Ginka Steinwachs, Dennis Cooper, Wolfgang Schirmacher, etc. Passagen Verlag The publishing house Passagen Verlag was founded in 1985 in Vienna by Peter Engelmann. The primary intention of the publisher was the translation of Jacques Derrida's work into German. Around the author Derrida, Peter Engelmann developed a program, which gathers relevant authors of all disciplines, who identified themselves with the program deconstruction (\"Dekonstruktivismus\") and \"postmodernism\" (Postmoderne). Peter" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Dúo Pianístico Tena Manrique After finishing their musical studies in the Conservatory of Music dependent from Barcelona’s Opera House, the Gran Teatre del Liceu, both pianists, Esther and Abraham Tena Manrique, born in Barcelona in 1972 and 1973 who have been teachers in the same Conservatory for more than 4 years now, set off for New York to work alongside great pianists and teachers such as Herbert Stessin, John Bloomfield, Peter Basquin, Julie Jordan, Ubaldo Díaz Acosta, among others. They paid very frequent visits to that city between 1999 and 2002, a period when many letters of recommendation were written in their support, praising them for their great potential and their musical intelligence. The current Tena Manrique Piano Duet stems from their determination to unearth a repertoire that is virtually unknown to the great public. Their artistic path started in the Aragonese region, and since its debut in 2006 they have performed in places like Barcelona, Zaragoza, Huesca, Teruel, Logroño, Toledo, Fraga, Ejea de los Caballeros, etc. Duet member Abraham Tena Manrique also embraced composition, having published 2 volumes of his works (Beethoven Publicacions, 2013). One of the volumes consists of pieces for piano solo and the other of compositions for piano four-hands. Many of these works have been performed in several concerts over the last years, receiving critical praise for the excellence of their composition. Their duet repertoire usually includes these pieces, which in a way can be considered a sort of personal diary kept by the composer. The Tena Manrique Piano Duet has various programs: Audio recordings can be found here The Tena Manrique Piano Duet performs two different programs, the brother and sister have a repertoire that includes works both by the great names in the history of classical music (Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Mendelssohn, Schumann, Brahms, Liszt, Debussy, Nietzsche) and by Abraham Tena Manrique himself. Audio recordings exist from the following works: Dúo Pianístico Tena Manrique After finishing their musical studies in the Conservatory of Music dependent from Barcelona’s Opera House, the Gran Teatre del Liceu, both pianists, Esther and Abraham Tena Manrique, born in Barcelona in 1972 and 1973 who have been teachers in the same Conservatory for more than 4 years now, set off for New York to work alongside great pianists and teachers such as Herbert Stessin, John Bloomfield, Peter Basquin, Julie Jordan, Ubaldo Díaz Acosta, among others. They paid very frequent visits" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Carmel College Sixth Form Carmel College Sixth Form is a sixth form college on \"The Headlands\" in Hummersknott, Darlington, England. It is a post-16 extension of Carmel College, A Catholic Academy of which the college is attached to. Carmel Sixth Form College admits around 150 students each year, mostly aged between 16–18. It offers full-time courses of around 30 AS and A-level courses and several BTEC and enrichment courses. General entry requirements are 5 GCSEs at grades A*-C, however, many courses may request at least a grade B in specific subjects. The most recent A-level exam results (summer 2011) were outstanding with a pass rate of 99.4% and an average of 922 points per student. Carmel Sixth Form College performs in the top twenty state schools at A-level in the North East. Carmel College Sixth Form Carmel College Sixth Form is a sixth form college on \"The Headlands\" in Hummersknott, Darlington, England. It is a post-16 extension of Carmel College, A Catholic Academy of which the college is attached to. Carmel Sixth Form College admits around 150 students each year, mostly aged between 16–18. It offers full-time courses of around 30 AS and A-level courses and several BTEC and enrichment" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Mauritian diaspora in the United Kingdom Mauritian diaspora in the United Kingdom are British people with Mauritian descent, or who were born in Mauritius. The 2001 UK Census recorded 27,078 Mauritian-born people living in the UK. The 2011 UK Census recorded 40,890 Mauritian-born residents in England, 434 in Wales, 571 in Scotland, and 83 in Northern Ireland. The Office for National Statistics estimates that in 2014, 41,000 people born in Mauritius were resident in the UK. Up until 1968, Mauritius was under British rule, and the nation remains very closely linked to the UK, hence the UK being a popular destination for Mauritian emigrants. Mauritian diaspora in the United Kingdom Mauritian diaspora in the United Kingdom are British people with Mauritian descent, or who were born in Mauritius. The 2001 UK Census recorded 27,078 Mauritian-born people living in the UK. The 2011 UK Census recorded 40,890 Mauritian-born residents in England, 434 in Wales, 571 in Scotland, and 83 in Northern Ireland. The Office for National Statistics estimates that in 2014, 41,000 people born in Mauritius were resident in the UK. Up until 1968, Mauritius was under British rule, and the nation remains very closely linked to the UK, hence the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "The Burning World (album) The Burning World is the sixth studio album by American experimental rock band Swans. It was released in 1989, through record label Uni Records; the band's only major label release. Co-produced by Bill Laswell and band leader Michael Gira, the album features a major stylistic shift from their past releases, being very tuneful and accessible compared to the bleak, industrialized sound from their past records. It received a mixed reception and was a commercial disappointment; the band was dropped off the record label following its poor performance. Following the unexpected popularity of the band's cover of Joy Division's \"Love Will Tear Us Apart,\" the band signed to Uni Records, owned by MCA Inc. (now Universal Music). Due to Uni's insistence, Swans leader Michael Gira co-produced the album with bass guitarist Bill Laswell. During the recording sessions, Swans, which consisted of Gira, Jarboe and Norman Westberg at that time, were accompanied by Laswell on bass guitar, as well as a series of session musicians on \"multicultural instruments.\" According to Gira, the album was recorded \"piecemeal, with no communication between musicians.\" \"The Burning World\" marks a radical shift in the band's musical style, as Swans eschewed their previous aggressive, brutal sound and \"fully embraced the dark Americana they flirted with on their previous album, \"Children of God\". The album's style has been described as \"acoustic-folk\" and \"'world music' rock with electric shadings.\" Laswell's production work also weights on the album's sound, with \"a much more somber, elegiac approach to music-making.\" The album also features duets between Gira and Jarboe. According to Thom Jurek of AllMusic, guitarist Norman Westberg \"played as much acoustic guitar as electric guitar on the record\" and Jarboe’s keyboards mostly \"floated through the mix.\" Despite appreciating Laswell's production work in general, Gira was critical of the album. In 2011, he stated: \"I abhor that record. Bill Laswell is a very good producer, but we didn't mesh well. I was intimidated and sang in this cramped, monotone way. It didn't sell, and we got dropped.\" The album was reissued on CD by Water Records in 2012. Despite Gira's reservations about the record, the track \"God Damn The Sun\" has remained a favourite in his solo performances. The album received mixed to positive reviews from music critics, who often criticized Bill Laswell's production. AllMusic wrote, \"Ultimately, \"Burning\" sounds more like a compromised major label Laswell project than a Swans album, to its overall detriment\", calling the album a \"general disappointment\". On the other hand, \"Trouser Press\" was favorable, writing: \"\"The Burning World\" benefits a great deal from the world music instrumentation and structural abilities Laswell brings to it. The arrangements are uniformly strong, the gentler sounds don't strike one as a compromise and the cover of Blind Faith's \"Can't Find My Way Home\" is both apt and surprising\", ultimately calling the album \"a nice one that's almost as haunting as it wants to be.\" Rosemary Passatino of \"Spin\" praised the album, commenting: \"Shockingly, \"Burning World\" is unbashedly pretty as it is dark.\" She also described the album as \"elegant\" and \"surprisingly tender.\" While the album reportedly sold only 5,000 copies in the United Kingdom, the single \"Saved\" enjoyed relative success, peaking at number 20 on the U.S. College Radio charts and number 28 on the U.S. Modern Rock Tracks chart, respectively. Following the commercial disappointment of the album, the band was dropped from Uni Records. The Burning World (album) The Burning World is the sixth studio album by American experimental rock band Swans. It was released in 1989, through record label Uni Records; the band's only major" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (video game) Mary Shelley's Frankenstein is a video game for multiple platforms released by Sony Imagesoft and based on the 1994 film of the same name. Versions of the game were released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, the Sega CD and the Sega Genesis. The Genesis/SNES version is an action game developed by Bits Studios, while the Sega CD version is an adventure game with action elements developed by Psygnosis. The Sega CD version was bundled with a bonus game, the previous Sony Imagesoft release \"Bram Stoker's Dracula\". The player controls Frankenstein's monster as he stomps through the streets of Ingolstadt, Bavaria, in the year 1793 seeking revenge against a certain man named Victor for rejecting him once he was created. Since he is a product of artificial manufacturing, he is condemned and declared a monster by peasants and soldiers. The common folks that strive to kill Frankenstein's monster are highly ignorant about modern science and believe that he is truly a demon. The game follows the plot of the movie closely with some alterations or padding, most notably the removal of Elizabeth's death scene yet her resurrection as an abomination is kept and she's fought as a boss that dies after being accidentally set on fire. The Sega CD version has an original ending where the Creature steals the resurrected Elizabeth and escapes with her in the Artic after killing Frankenstein. The player uses a wooden stick to ward off enemies. The stick that Frankenstein's monster carries can be put on fire if swung towards fire. Frankenstein also has an additional attack; a blue ball of negative energy that pops up when the player releases the button. Peasants in the game can either be male or female; soldiers are always male. The female peasants attack with pots while the male peasants attack with melee weapons. However, the soldiers (men dressed in red) attack the player with musket shots. Simple puzzles involving switches and pulleys must be solved in order to progress within the levels. The Sega CD version is an adventure game similar to point-and-click games but without a cursor with the gameplay changing to a 2D Fighting game when the Creature is attacked. \"Electronic Gaming Monthly\" gave the Sega CD version a 5.8 out of 10, commenting that \"This is a challenging game in the One-player Mode; however, the one-on-one fighting sequences are awkward and don't work so well.\" \"GamePro\" stated that \"The lengthy treks to collect puzzle-solving objects are challenging but ultimately a no-brainer.\" They further criticized that aside from the cinematics, the graphics are flat and dull, and that the bundled \"Bram Stoker's Dracula\" is of no better quality than the main game. \"Next Generation\" reviewed the Sega CD version of the game, rating it two stars out of five, and stated that \"It takes some work to get into, but if you stick with it, the game has its mild rewards.\" \"Entertainment Weekly\" gave the game a D- and wrote that \"Welcome to 'Hollywired,' where you play turgid, half-baked videogame adaptations of turgid, half-baked movies. About the only interesting thing Sony did with Mary Shelley's Frankenstein was to cast it as a role-playing, rather than an action, game, but it's still awful: Even fans of the Kenneth Branagh movie will find it hard to get past the first scene, in which Frankenstein's monster hobbles around the doctor's lab like an aged pensioner looking for his Social Security check. It's saved from total failure by this line from the enclosed tip sheet: 'If you come across the flies, use the manure to get past them.'\" Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (video game) Mary Shelley's Frankenstein is a video game for multiple platforms released by Sony Imagesoft and based on the 1994 film of the same name. Versions of the game were released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, the Sega CD and the Sega Genesis. The Genesis/SNES version is an action game developed by Bits Studios, while the Sega CD version is an adventure game with action elements developed by Psygnosis. The Sega CD version was bundled with a bonus game, the previous Sony Imagesoft release \"Bram Stoker's Dracula\". The player controls Frankenstein's monster" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Wendi Henderson Wendi Judith Henderson (born 16 July 1971) is an association football player who represented New Zealand at international level. Henderson made her full Football Ferns debut as a substitute in a 3–0 win over Hawaii on 12 December 1987. She was for a time New Zealand's most capped female player with 64 caps and 16 goals to her credit, before Hayley Moorwood surpassed this total on 19 June 2011. Henderson represented New Zealand at the Women's World Cup finals in China in 1991, and again in 2007, becoming the first New Zealand player to represent her country in two senior football world cups. Wendi Henderson Wendi Judith Henderson (born 16 July 1971) is an association football player who represented New Zealand at international level. Henderson made her full Football Ferns debut as a substitute in a 3–0 win over Hawaii on 12 December 1987. She was for a time New Zealand's most capped female player with 64 caps and 16 goals to her credit, before Hayley Moorwood surpassed this total on 19 June 2011. Henderson represented New Zealand at the Women's World Cup finals in China in 1991, and again in 2007, becoming the first New Zealand player" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Cochise County Airport Cochise County Airport is a county-owned public-use airport in Cochise County, Arizona, United States. It is located west of the central business district of Willcox, Arizona. This airport is included in the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2009–2013, which categorized it as a \"general aviation\" facility. Cochise County Airport covers an area of at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 3/21 with an asphalt surface measuring 6,095 by 75 feet (1,858 x 23 m). For the 12-month period ending April 15, 2008, the airport had 8,500 aircraft operations, an average of 23 per day: 94% general aviation and 6% military. At that time there were 25 aircraft based at this airport: 96% single-engine and 4% helicopter. Cochise County Airport Cochise County Airport is a county-owned public-use airport in Cochise County, Arizona, United States. It is located west of the central business district of Willcox, Arizona. This airport is included in the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2009–2013, which categorized it as a \"general aviation\" facility. Cochise County Airport covers an area of at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one runway designated" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "DRDO Sarvatra Sarvatra is a truck-mounted, multi-span, mobile bridging system developed by Research and Development Establishment (R&DE) of Defence Research and Development Organisation for the Indian army. Its nodal production agency is Bharat Earth Movers, Bangalore. The Sarvatra is a 75 meters long multi-span mobile bridging system consists of five scissors bridge made of aluminum alloy having span of 15 meters each mounted on separate mobile platform. Each mobile platform is a modified Tatra 815 VVN 8 x 8 chassis drive-able from both ends by having an additional small cabin with required driving controls. Further a microprocessor based control system is utillised to deploy and operationalise the entire system in less than two and half hours. When the 15 meter long scissors bridge is opened out it is fitted with adjustable trestles to enable a number of units to be used to bridge wet and dry gaps. All five sections are laid to provide a total bridge length of 75 m providing a roadway of four meters. The bridge is launched/recovered from either end. With the help of telescopic legs, the height of the bridge is adjusted from 2.5 m to 6 m so that it is not easily visible from far. The Sarvatra project was sanctioned in 1994 and completed development in October 1999 at a total cost of Rs 230 million. It was approved for production in March 2000 after trials. The Sarvatra will replace the East European PMS Bridges, in service of Indian army which require 57 Tatra vehicles to bridge 100 metres. In contrast, the Sarvatra, with just five Tatra trucks, bridges 75 metres. At Rs 600 million per set, the PMS costs almost thrice as much as a Sarvatra. A 20 m variant of Sarvatra bridge system capable of bridging a gap of 100 meters have also been developed. DRDO Sarvatra Sarvatra is a truck-mounted, multi-span, mobile bridging system developed by Research and Development Establishment (R&DE) of Defence Research and Development Organisation for the Indian army. Its nodal production agency is Bharat Earth Movers, Bangalore. The Sarvatra is a 75 meters long multi-span mobile bridging system consists of five scissors bridge made of aluminum alloy having span of 15 meters each mounted on separate mobile platform. Each mobile platform is a modified Tatra 815 VVN 8 x 8 chassis drive-able from both ends by having an additional small cabin with required driving controls. Further a" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Garmsir District Garmsir District (or Garmser) is located in the southern part of Helmand Province, Afghanistan. The district is large, but all the villages are along the Helmand River. The rest is a desert. The district capital - Garmsir is located in the northwestern part of the district on the east bank of Helmand River. The population is 85,500 - 99% of them Pashtun and 1% Balouch. The district is poor. Main sources of income include daily wages (labors, working in fruit markets, and selling home products, driving, shop keeping etc) and agriculture. Agriculture is the main source of income and most of the arable land is irrigated. Garmsir District Garmsir District (or Garmser) is located in the southern part of Helmand Province, Afghanistan. The district is large, but all the villages are along the Helmand River. The rest is a desert. The district capital - Garmsir is located in the northwestern part of the district on the east bank of Helmand River. The population is 85,500 - 99% of them Pashtun and 1% Balouch. The district is poor. Main sources of income include daily wages (labors, working in fruit markets, and selling home products, driving, shop keeping etc) and" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Inaba Masami Inaba Masami was the eldest son of the previous \"daimyō\" of Tateyama Domain, Inaba Masamori. On his father’s death in 1820, he succeeded to the head of the Tateyama Inaba clan and the position of \"daimyō\" of Tateyama. In 1862, he was appointed as a \"Wakadoshiyori\" in the administration of the Tokugawa shogunate under \"Shōgun\" Tokugawa Iemochi. He resigned the title in 1864, with instructions to strengthen Japan's naval defenses against the increasing aggressive incursions of foreign black ships, and supported Katsu Kaishū’s efforts to create the Kobe Naval Training Center. He was reappointed as a \"Wakadoshiyori\" in 1865, and rose to the positions of \"Rōjū\", Commissioner of the Army and Fleet Admiral of the Tokugawa Navy under \"Shōgun\" Tokugawa Yoshinobu. He held these posts until 1868. However, with the start of the Boshin War, he refused to take an active role against the Satchō Alliance and went into retirement at Tateyama Castle, turning the domain over to his son Inaba Masayoshi. He died in 1879. Inaba Masami was married to a daughter of Suwa Tadamichi, \"daimyō\" of Suwa Domain in Shinano Province. Inaba Masami Inaba Masami was the eldest son of the previous \"daimyō\" of Tateyama Domain," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Wild Rivers (water park) Wild Rivers was a water park in Irvine, California, United States. It opened in July 1986 on the site of the former Lion Country Safari. Following the expiration of its lease with The Irvine Company, it closed permanently on September 25, 2011. Since the closure, there have been plans to recreate Wild Rivers in Irvine on or near the Orange County Great Park, which have been under development. Before Wild Rivers was built, the land was a drive-through zoo called Lion Country Safari, which went bankrupt and closed in 1984. Construction on Wild Rivers \"Mountain\" began in 1985 and the park itself opened in 1986. In early 2011, Wild Rivers announced that it had lost its lease with The Irvine Company. Both the park and the adjacent Camp James were scheduled to close at the end of the 2011 season. The park was planned to be demolished with 1,750 apartments being built in its place. A new water park was planned to be built on public land near the Orange County Great Park, and was scheduled to open to the public in May 2014. Since 2012, there have been attempts to redevelop Wild Rivers on or near the Orange County Great Park. It was originally slated that a Wild Rivers park would open in May 2014, but it was then delayed a year later to May 2015 before it was cancelled altogether due to financial and land approval issues. In March 2016, the plans were revived and three months later, on June 26, 2016, the Great Park Board proposed two sites: one 35 acres and the other 60 acres. In late April 2017, Wild Rivers successfully negotiated a contract with the Irvine City Council, acting as the Orange County Great Park, paving the way for their return to Irvine, which was slated to place in summer 2019. However, in August 2018, Wild Rivers posted on their Facebook page that the opening date would be pushed back again to 2020 as they were finalizing the lease terms and finishing the environmental study. Due to building a new village. Wild Rivers (water park) Wild Rivers was a water park in Irvine, California, United States. It opened in July 1986 on the site of the former Lion Country Safari. Following the expiration of its lease with The Irvine Company, it closed permanently on September 25, 2011. Since the closure," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Farm to Market Road 1776 Farm to Market Road 1776 (FM 1776) is a Farm to Market Road in the U.S. state of Texas maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). The road begins at a junction with Interstate 10 (I-10) and U.S. Highway 67 (US 67) in Pecos County west of Fort Stockton and extends northward through the town of Coyanosa before ending at State Highway 18 (SH 18) in Ward County south of Monahans. The road has an interchange with US 285 northeast of Fort Stockton. Before the road was established, TxDOT had previously assigned the road's numerical designation to two other roads in eastern Texas. FM 1776 begins at I-10 Exit 248 as a northward extension of the US 67 roadway which approaches from the southwest from Alpine and merges with I-10. The two-lane road continues to the north beneath the US 285 underpass and reaches Coyanosa. North of Coyanosa, FM 1776 joins and follows FM 1450 for a half-mile (0.8 km) stretch southeast of the city of Pecos before turning off to the northeast. The road then leaves Pecos County at the Pecos River and crosses into Ward County where it intersects FM 1927 south of Pyote. The road then proceeds to the northeast crossing FM 1219 between Royalty and Wickett before terminating at SH 18 approximately south of Monahans. FM 1776 provides the most direct access to Monahans and points further east along I-20 from Alpine and more southern communities including Lajitas, Study Butte, and Terlingua. FM 1776 has a rural major collector functional class as rated by TxDOT. The road has a speed limit in Pecos County except for a section between US 285 and Coyanosa and a speed limit of in Ward County. The road has average annual daily traffic (AADT) counts ranging from a low of 440 vehicles along the section between I-10 and US 285 to a high of 960 vehicles between Coyanosa and FM 1450. TxDOT projects these numbers to increase by 2030 to a low of 760 vehicles between I-10 and US 285 to a high of 1460 vehicles between FM 1450 and the Pecos River. Peak hour truck traffic ranges from 23.5 percent between Ward County Road 94 and SH 18 to 39 percent between US 285 and Pecos County Road 72. FM 1776 was originally designated northward along a former alignment of US 96 between SH 184 at Bronson in Sabine County and SH 21 at Ford's Corner in San Augustine County on May 23, 1951. The former road became an extension of FM 1 on October 14, 1954. FM 1776 was briefly designated on February 17, 1955 along a Grimes County route from FM 149 in Richards southeastward toward Dacus to the Montgomery County line. The designation of the route did not survive the year before being combined with FM 1486 on November 2 of that year. The current route was designated on February 24, 1956 between FM 1450 and SH 18. The road was extended southward through Coyanosa to US 67 and US 290, the predecessor route to I-10 in much of western Texas, on May 6, 1964. Construction began on the US 285 interchange in 2011 and was completed the following year. The interchange was funded through a 2009 safety bond program due to a history of fatal accidents. Farm to Market Road 1776 Farm to Market Road 1776 (FM 1776) is a Farm to Market Road in the U.S. state of Texas maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). The road begins at a junction with Interstate 10 (I-10) and U.S." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Association for Equal and Fair Trade Pangaea The Association for Equal and Fair Trade Pangaea (Spanish: \"Asociación para el Comercio Justo y Solidario Pangea\") is a secular human development non-governmental organization best known for its work on fair trade and Food sovereignty. It was founded in 1995 by a group of former volunteers looking for a new way to spread their views on fair trade, responsible consumption and social action in Santiago de Compostela and Galicia.\" It is governed in a participative and democratic way by its members, who organized in commissions, vote and discuss its decisions. Apart from the general annual assembly, it has open and public weekly meetings in the head office.\" Together with the activities of social education, social action and human development it also has a public open fair trade shop. Pangaea is also an important member of: Galician Net of Conscious and Responsible Consumption (Spanish: \"Red de Consumo Consciente y Responsable\"), Initiative for Food Sovereignty (Spanish: \"Iniciativa por la Soberanía Alimentaria\") and Space for a Fair Trade (Spanish:\" Espacio por un Comercio Justo\").\" Pangaea won the 2006 Vagalume Prize in social work awarded by the municipality of Santiago de Compostela besides other minor awards and prizes.\" Since 2010 Pangaea established itself as Consumer's Cooperative for Fair Trade and Biological Products, under the name of \"Panxea S.C.G\" The most important work of this association is in Fair Trade and biological products. The first way of achieving this is through its public open fair trade shop. Goods are obtained through Fair Trade importers, which are the first responsibles of guaranteed the origin and Fair Trade Principles of these products. Biological products are directly purchased to local farmers and producers, trying to fulfill proximity criteria and full respect of environmental standards. The rest of the social education, works and lectures are given through the participation in forums, social acts and congresses. Association for Equal and Fair Trade Pangaea The Association for Equal and Fair Trade Pangaea (Spanish: \"Asociación para el Comercio Justo y Solidario Pangea\") is a secular human development non-governmental organization best known for its work on fair trade and Food sovereignty. It was founded in 1995 by a group of former volunteers looking for a new way to spread their views on fair trade, responsible consumption and social action in Santiago de Compostela and Galicia.\" It is governed in a participative and democratic way by its" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Nandini (TV series) Nandini was an 2017-2018 Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 and ended on 22 December 2018 on Sun TV.It premired on the same date on Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels also but it is still on-air in these channels. This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier. It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagini and the first in South India. Malavika Wales, Nithya Ram and Rahul Ravi are the main protagonists of the series. The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo. The show has been praised and well received by the audience, becoming a huge success and India's most watched television series in a matter of weeks since it first aired.. It is edited by National award winner Srikanth.N.B and his long time associate C. M. Selvakumar. Ganga is the adoptive daughter of a servant named Manikyaam residing in an outhouse of a palace. The palace is owned by a billionaire named Rajashekhar . Ganga is very passionate about the temple in the courtyyard of the palace. She worships the deity residing in it as ‘Nagamma’, does Naga Theyyam every 20th Amavasi. But she is unaware of the fact that the snake is actually an \"Ichchadhaari Nagam\", (Avenging Shapeshifting snake) which has been waiting since many years to avenge Rajashekhar's family and is under the control of a magical bond of a Malayali Nambhoodhiri. In case the mantra kattu tied on the temple door is broken by a woman, who is the worshiper of the snake,it would regain all its powers. Rajashekhar decides to get his son Arun married. His relatives are summoned, who eye only the wealth of the family.Arun falls in love with Janaki. They get married. But Janaki dies due to childbirth issues. But after a few day's ghostly events take place. And then it is known that Arun's first wife, Janaki’s spirit causes all the confusion to stop the asset-hungry relatives who were trying to cheat her husband Arun. The Nambhoodhiri understands from the spirit of Janaki, that her romantic life with Arun was ended by her death due to childbirth complications was actually killed by Arun’s uncle Dharmaraj, his son Moorthy & Arun's friend Balaji because they had a dislike to their marriage. Meanwhile, Arun learns that Devasena, his child through Janaki, is alive and brings her to the Palace. Janaki kills Arun's friend Balaji and Dharmaraj as a vengeance of her death. The relatives who are already panicked by Janaki's spirit are further discouraged by Devasena’s arrival, and get away from the marriage arrangements. The Nambhoodhiri advises the family to marry Ganga, who has the divine blessings, to Arun. One day, Ganga accidentally breaks mantra kattu. Her bloods falls on the snake. It breaks the supernatural curse which kept the \"Icchaadhaari Nagam\" sealed in the snakemount and it comes out. After this incident, the snake is now free from its curse and is getting ready to avenge Rajasekar’s family. The Ichchadhari snake mentions to Ganga that it requires a human body to exact its revenge without any suspicions from anyone in the family and while revealing her identity as an individual in the name of Nandini, even though Ganga refuses to accept and allow Nandini (Icchaadhaari Nagam) to continue her vengeance and kill the whole family, Nandini vehemently continues its sole purpose by transmigrating herself into Ganga's body, therefore successfully possessing Ganga. The next day was Ganga's and Arun's marriage, which happened while Nandini was in Ganga's body. Janaki enters Devasena's body to save her family and finish the evil Nandini's tricks. After many incidents, Nandini fails to kill Arun and Devasena because of Janaki. Meanwhile many conflicts arise between Arun and Ganga as Arun married Seetha,a woman who has exact resemblance of Janaki.Later she goes abroad. Later, it is revealed that twenty seven years ago, Nandhini and Ganga are actually twin sisters. Their father Rathnavel a normal human being and their mother Parvathi, a shapeshifting snake fell in love with each other and got married. But Parvathi's snake kingdom (Khargodaka Clan) disapproves this marriage and tries to kill Shiva. Parvathi finally gave birth to the twin sisters, Nandhini and Ganga. Nandhini is the sister with snake element while Ganga with human element. In order to save her husband from the clutches of her evil family, she used her powers and transformed him into a transgender. This is due to a taboo that Khargodaka snakes must not kill any transgenders. Now, the husband is known as Seyanayagi who lost his previous memories and became a new person. Parvathi and Seyanayagi got separated when trying to escape from their enemies, which made Parvathi to take Nandhini whilst Seyanayagi took Ganga with him. Years passed by, Ganga was adopted by Manickam while Nandhini grew up with Parvathi who gradually became an expert in Ayurvedic medicine and devotee of Kattu Amman. But later Parvathi was brutally murdered by Rajashekhar and Madhavi( Namboodri's sister) with the help of their friends Vishwanath,Namboothri and Kumar for attaining The Three Kalachakras present at the idol of Kattu Amman. Before her death, Parvati asks Nandhini (who was a baby snake) avenge her death and bring back all the three Kalachakras to Kattu Amman temple. Twenty seven years later, Nandhini managed to kill Kumar, Namboothiri,Viswanath and Rajasekhar which instigated Arun to seek revenge against Nandhini to avenge his father's death. Madhavi decides to kill Nandhini for murdering his brother, Namboothiri. Nandhini who now have gotten her own human form, acquires the identical appearance as Ganga. Later, Seiyanayagi regained his old memories and revealed the truth to Ganga and Nandhini. Seiyanayagi, Ganga and Nandhini reunites after knowing that all of them are blood related. Nandhini managed to obtain one of the Kalachakras but the remaining two Kalachakras of Kattu Amman went into the possession of an unknown magical force. The unknown force stole the two Kalachakras from Rajasekhar and Madhavi. Nandhini and Seiyanayagi are now in search of the unknown force to locate the remaining two Kalachakras. In the mean time, Ganga is forced by her husband, Arun to be separated from Nandhini since she is the killer of his father. Later, Janaki's spirit at last rest in peace and achieved a position in the 'world of spirits'. A lady along with her brother enters the palace and is revealed that she is Rajashekhar's 2nd wife and he has a daughter in her.But the real daughter and wife of Rajashekhar was trapped by her own Brother Sathyanarayanan and his wife and they had entered the home to get the property.They force their daughter Brinda to act as Malathi. Sathyanarayanan has ill motives towards Ganga. Seetha, a woman that has exact facial features as Janaki comes back from London and enters the palace to meet Arun and Ganga. Ganga revealed the ill motives of Sathyanarayanan to Seetha, and they fights together against Sathya Narayan and successfully sends him out of the palace.Meanwhile,Chamundi the dwarf woman who hunted for Kalachakram had come back again and captured one Kalachakram.Janaki came back once again because of request of Ganga and Seetha.Janaki entered Seetha's body.Later the Mayashakthi is revealed to be Namboothiri who once again returned.He and Madhavi killed Muniappa and acquired two kalachakras.Meanwhile Chamundi created a rift between Ganga and Nandini.She was killed by Janaki and the kalachakra was taken by Ganga.meanwhile Nandini promises that she will kill Arun, Malathi and other family members and return kalchakras on the day of Malathi's marriage.Madhavi gets the third kalachakra and Namboothiri again gets his human form. Climax: On the day of Malathi's marriage,Nandini captures all family", "and successfully sends him out of the palace.Meanwhile,Chamundi the dwarf woman who hunted for Kalachakram had come back again and captured one Kalachakram.Janaki came back once again because of request of Ganga and Seetha.Janaki entered Seetha's body.Later the Mayashakthi is revealed to be Namboothiri who once again returned.He and Madhavi killed Muniappa and acquired two kalachakras.Meanwhile Chamundi created a rift between Ganga and Nandini.She was killed by Janaki and the kalachakra was taken by Ganga.meanwhile Nandini promises that she will kill Arun, Malathi and other family members and return kalchakras on the day of Malathi's marriage.Madhavi gets the third kalachakra and Namboothiri again gets his human form. Climax: On the day of Malathi's marriage,Nandini captures all family members and demands Kalachakra.Later Namboothiri captures Nandini. Nandini always held top 5 positions in BARC Ratings. Nandini (TV Series) was being telecasted in five different TV channels. The details are listed below: The Series was released on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, the series also airs on Sun TV HD. The Show was also broadcast internationally on Channel's international distribution. It airs in Sri Lanka, South East Asia, Middle East, United States, Canada, Europe, Oceania, South Africa and Sub Saharan Africa on Sun TV. The episodes can also be watched on SUNNXT app after it airs on TV. Nandini (TV series) Nandini was an 2017-2018 Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 and ended on 22 December 2018 on Sun TV.It premired on the same date on Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels also but it is still on-air in these channels. This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier. It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Jo Hyeon-woo Jo Hyeon-woo (Hangul: ; Hanja: ; born 25 September 1991) is a South Korean footballer who plays as goalkeeper for Daegu FC and the South Korean national team. He was a promising candidate for the Korean U-20 national team, stabilizing the defense by catching both high and low balls and communicating well with his team members. Jo Hyeon-woo was born between his mother and father, who was a gymnast in Seoul. Jo Hyeon-woo, who was a freshman in elementary school, decided to become a goalkeeper when he saw Kim Byung-ji's lead while watching 1998 France. Later, he said, \"I'm excited because I started playing soccer after watching the World Cup, so I can be someone's dream.\" In the fifth grade of elementary school, the football coach of Shinjeong Elementary School Ham Sang-heon asked which child was the best goalkeeper in the schoolyard while worrying about not having a goalkeeper. The children pointed to Jo Hyeon-woo. At that time, coach Ham Sang-hun made several shots for the test and ordered Jo to save it. Jo Hyeon-woo prevented it, and Jo started his career as a goalkeeper when he was in fifth grade. Since then, he has been the main goalkeeper, and has played in national tournaments. In response, manager Ham Sang-hun said, \"It was not once or twice that Hyeon-woo won by blocking Penalty shoot-out. He was selected by Daegu FC in the 2013 K League 1 draft. In November 2015, Jo was called up for South Korea's national team by manager Uli Stielike to play in the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifiers against Laos and Myanmar. He was selected as the national representative for the EAFF E-1 Football Championship in 2017 winning the competition's best goalkeeper award. In May 2018 he was named in South Korea’s preliminary 28-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. Originally chosen as the third-choice keeper, he ended up in the starting line-up due to his being taller than the other two keepers. His performances in the first two matches against Sweden and Mexico were impressive, despite both ending in defeats for South Korea. He was lauded particularly for his point-blank save of Swedish striker Marcus Berg which put him in the spotlight. Jo then played a prominent role in Germany's historic elimination from the group stages for the first time since 1938 with a stellar performance, earning him the Man of the Match award. Cho made seven saves without conceding any goals. Unbeknownst to Jo or his teammates until the match was over, South Korea was also eliminated from the tournament despite their win (due to Sweden beating Mexico 0–3). South Korea finished ahead of Germany in Group F, placing third. Jo was named in South Korea national under-23 football team squad for the 2018 Asian Games by wild card. He appeared two matches against Bahrain and Kyrgyzstan in the group stage and finalized them by clean sheets. He also appeared round of 16 against Iran, but he was injured in the match suddenly. He was replaced with Song Bum-keun at the second half and he was excepted in the quarter-final starting line-up, but Song conceded 3 goals against Uzbekistan. Song received many criticisms, so Jo appeared the semi-final and final eventually. Jo contributed to team’s gold medal by conceding 2 goals in the tournament and he was exempted from mandatory military service. South Korea South Korea U23 Daegu FC Jo Hyeon-woo Jo Hyeon-woo (Hangul: ; Hanja: ; born 25 September 1991) is a South Korean footballer who plays as goalkeeper for Daegu FC and the South Korean national team." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Kallakurichi Kallakurichi is a municipality of Viluppuram district, Tamil Nadu, India and a Parliamentary constituency in Tamil Nadu. As of 2015, the town had a population of 57,628 According to 2011 census, Kallakkurichi had a population of 52,507 with a sex-ratio of 984 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 5,541 were under the age of six, constituting 2,914 males and 2,627 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 15.49% and .27% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 77.08%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The town had a total of 12801 households. There were a total of 19,013 workers, comprising 471 cultivators, 840 main agricultural labourers, 537 in house hold industries, 14,673 other workers, 2,492 marginal workers, 33 marginal cultivators, 414 marginal agricultural labourers, 102 marginal workers in household industries and 1,943 other marginal workers. As per the religious census of 2011, Kallakkurichi had 83.87% Hindus, 13.4% Muslims, 1.72% Christians, 0.04% Sikhs, 0.02% Buddhists, 0.17% Jains, 0.71% following other religions and 0.08% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference. Prior to 1960, Kallakurichi was considered a village. That year, Kallakurichi became Town Panchayat, then was subsequently upgraded to Special Grade Town Panchayat. On 20 October 2004, it was further upgraded to Third Grade Municipality. Later, on 7 September 2010, this municipality was upgraded to First Grade Municipality. The area of this municipality is 11.69 km divided into 21 wards. The climate is moderate, with the maximum temperature being 38 °C and the minimum at 21 °C. The town gets its rainfall from the northeast monsoon during the winter months and the southwest monsoon during the summer months. The average annual rainfall is 1,070 mm. The town is well connected by roads, with frequent buses from Salem, Coimbatore, Tiruppur, Viluppuram, Sankarapuram, Thirukovilur, Chennai, Bangalore, Erode, Cuddalore, Chidambaram, Pondy, Thiruvannamalai, Tindivanam, Vellore, Hosur, Trichy, Perambalur, Rasipuram, Thuraiyur, Namakkal and other surrounding towns. Kallakurichi is on National Highway 79, which is a four-lane dual carriage road network connecting Chennai and Viluppuram with Salem, Coimbatore, Erode, Tirupur, Palghat and Cochin. And another National Highway is (Kallakurichi-Sankarapuram- Thiruvannamalai). One State Highway is SH-204(Kallakurichi to Veppur, Trichy Road). The Chinnasalem town's railway station serves trains on the route to Mettur, Cuddalore, Nagore, Pondicherry, Salem, Coimbatore, Mangalore, Bangalore, Chennai and Mumbai. Kallakurichi is not connected by railway.Recent Railway Budget announced a new line from Chinnasalem to Kallakurichi which connects with Salem to Vridhachalam BG line. The nearest domestic airport is in Salem, but this airport is currently not in use. Chennai and Trichy are the nearest international airports. Kallakurichi is nearer to Kalvarayan Hills. The proximity of clouds fall near the peak of Vellimalai hilltop is a popular tourist spot for locals during the monsoon season. Vellimalai is a pristine unexplored location. list of tourist spots : Kallakurichi is an emerging agricultural town in Villupuram district. There are over 10 Rice processing units or modern rice (mills) both small and big in this town. Textiles, Jewellery and agricultural feeds are major businesses. The town has two government co-operative sugar mills and one private sugar mill is there, and one solvent extraction plants. There are many poultry farms in and around Kallakurichi.The name is derived due to the green lusture of this village along the banks of the river gomuki which nourishes the village by its water. It was under the great chola empire. The principal occupation of this village is agriculture. There are a number of temples in around the village. The famous temples are Suambu sree annamaliyar temple, sree sadaiappa temple, lord venkateshwara temple, drowpathi amman temple, periyayi and kattery temples. These temples are located in the north of the village in the farmyards. The car festival for sree sadaippa temple is conducted once in every twelve years. Thenkeeranur is the largest revenue village in the kallakurichi taluk. It has two large lakes for irrigation one in the north and the other in the south. A Co-operative society bank is located here to help the farming community. Kallakurichi is an educational center of Western Villupuram District, having A.K.T matriculation higher secondary school and many schools and colleges in and around the locality.It has one middle school which was given the land and built by late sri \|Swaminathan pillai the then president of this village.It has a primary health care centre . Sembakkurichi (village) Kallakurichi Kallakurichi is a municipality of Viluppuram district, Tamil Nadu, India and a Parliamentary constituency in Tamil Nadu. As of 2015, the town had a population of 57,628 According to 2011 census, Kallakkurichi had a population of 52,507 with a sex-ratio of 984 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 5,541 were under the age of" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Christian country music Christian country music (sometimes marketed as country gospel, gospel country, positive country or inspirational country) is music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life, as well as (in terms of the varying music styles) to give a Christian alternative to mainstream secular music. Christian country music is a form of Christian music and a subgenre of both Gospel music and Country music. Like other forms of music the creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of Christian country music varies according to culture and social context. It is composed and performed for many purposes, ranging from aesthetic pleasure, religious or ceremonial purposes with a positive message, or as an entertainment product for the marketplace. However, a common theme as with most Christian music is praise, worship or thanks to God and/or Christ. Christian country music has been around for generations. It originated as a blend of early mountain music, cowboy music and the music from the plantations of the Deep South. It was out of this blend of music that Southern Gospel music was birthed and was found primarily in the southern states. Today, Christian country music has blended with a new brand of music called Positive Christian Country music. The music tends to deal with life's problems and God's answers to those problems, and it doesn't sound like the religious music of years past. It has attracted extraordinary talent and quality in production, thereby making it palatable to the ears of the unchurched who like the sounds of today's country music. It's becoming a tool for evangelism all over the world and through it many churches have sprung up around the country with country gospel as their main musical format. Many Christian country organizations have been around for a great number of years. The oldest of all of these organizations is the International Country Gospel Music Association which was founded in 1957. These organizations were founded to further artists careers much in the same manner as the GMA, NARAS or CMA. Many of these organizations have yearly conventions which hosts music showcases and awards shows. The CCMA was sued by the CMA for award name right infringement. The CCMA renamed their awards show after a federal judge ruled that they could no longer use the name. The new name is the ICM Music Awards' which stands for \"Inspirational Country Music\". Radio personality Bob Wilson was one of the first radio personalities to see the potential of the genre. His weekly show \"Gospel Country Round-up\" aired for many years playing southern and Christian country music. Many Christian country stations today are going the way of Internet stations. That is a positive move for this genre, however, because there are few terrestrial radio stations that play a strictly Christian country format. Many mainstream country stations only have a weekly Sunday Country Gospel show. Christian country has several syndicated programs. The \"Country Gospel Countdown\" has broadcast since 1984 and syndicated since 1988, \"The Country Parson\" radio program, broadcast since 1995 and has been syndicated since 1998. \"Today's Cross Country with Marty Smith, broadcast since 1995, syndicated since 1996.\" \"Ken's Country Radio Show\", The \"Radio Hour\", \"Country Messenger\", \"The Ranch\" radio show on KKUS, and Canadian produced \"Riverside Country\". The Country Gospel Music Guild also airs a weekly radio program while \"Circuit Rider Radio\" airs on conventional and satellite radio worldwide. Other syndicated weekend shows that feature Inspirational and Positive Country music are \"Power Source Top 20\", and finally, the \"American Christian Music Review\" for United Stations Radio Networks. These programs are aired nationwide weekly on both Country and Southern Gospel radio stations. Many secular country music artists have recorded country gospel songs or have performed them on their radio and television programs. From 1956-1960, two network shows usually concluded with a gospel number, which was popular with viewers: \"The Tennessee Ernie Ford Show\" and Red Foley's \"Ozark Jubilee\". Other shows like \"Hee Haw\", the Barbara Mandrell and the Mandrell Sisters Show, and the Statler Brothers implemented the same programming style. For instance, \"Hee Haw\" featured a gospel song at the end of each of its shows; series stars Roy Clark, Buck Owens, Grandpa Jones and Kenny Price would sing either a traditional hymn or a newer one well known by mainstream country and Christian country audiences, and the segment itself served as a balance to the show's loony, corn-style humor. \"The Grand Ole Opry\", the longest running radio show and one of the most popular country music shows, has always included gospel music as a part of its program. In the past, most Christian country music was recorded by groups with southern gospel flair like the Oak Ridge Boys, The Cook Family Singers, Red Sovine, The Louvin Brothers and The Carter Family. Eventually, more mainstream country artists—ranging from Loretta Lynn and Dolly Parton to Alabama and Alan Jackson—recorded gospel albums while continuing to record secular music. Johnny Cash, a devout Christian despite living a troubled life, recorded several best-selling gospel albums and always included a Christian song in his concerts. Ray Stevens, a musician known primarily for his comedy and novelty recordings, also recorded an album of Christian music and mixed Christian themes in his serious (\"Everything is Beautiful,\" stressing unity) and novelty (for instance, \"Mississippi Squirrel Revival,\" which had a theme of repentance) mainstream releases. Although The Oak Ridge Boys began releasing secular country songs in the late 1970s, they always maintained their gospel roots by recording religious material and performing gospel songs in their concerts, as well as releasing songs stressing Christian values and family unity. At times, gospel and Christian-themed songs earned mass mainstream appeal. Among the most popular of these songs included \"Why Me\" by Kris Kristofferson (1973, a plea for God's guidance and forgiveness), \"The Seeker\" by Dolly Parton (1975, a spiritual), \"One Day at a Time\" by Cristy Lane (1980, co-written by Kristofferson), \"Three Wooden Crosses\" by Randy Travis (2003, where a prostitute gives birth to a man who eventually becomes a preacher), \"Long Black Train\" by Josh Turner (2003, about resisting temptation from Satan and following the Lord instead); \"Jesus Take the Wheel\" by Carrie Underwood (2005, where a woman turns to Christ) and \"When I Get Where I'm Going\" by Brad Paisley (2006, about the afterlife). Christian country music Christian country music (sometimes marketed as country gospel, gospel country, positive country or inspirational country) is music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life, as well as (in terms of the varying music styles) to give a Christian" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Jamaican greater funnel-eared bat The Jamaican greater funnel-eared bat (\"Natalus jamaicensis\") is a species of funnel-eared bat found in Jamaica. It was first described as \"Natalus major jamaicensis\", later as a subspecies of \"Natalus stramineus\", and now as its own species. It is of a similar appearance to many species of the genus \"Natalus\". It lives solely in St. Clair Cave in Jamaica and feeds on insects. \"Natalus\" was first reported as existing in Jamaica in 1951 by Koopman and Williams based on a partial mandible collected by H. E. Anthony during 1919–1920. They referred to the species as \"N. Major\". When a live specimen was encountered for the first time in 1959, it was described scientifically by George Gilbert Goodwin as \"Natulus major jamaicensis\". The type was the skin and skull of a male collected from St. Clair Cave, St. Catherine Parish, Jamaica by C.B. Lewis on March 5, 1954. Goodwin described \"N. major jamaicanis\" as being distinguishable from the \"typical\" \"N. major\" by its \"higher, shorter, and more globular braincase, more slender, longer, and flatter rostrum, the sides of which are concave instead of inflated and convex as in major, and by the noticeably narrower inter-orbital space\". Their forearms are long. They are buffy in coloration. The Jamaican greater funnel-eared bat\" \"only is found in St. Clair Cave in Jamaica. The IUCN has categorized the species as Critically Endangered because \"its extent of occurrence is less than 100 km², all individuals are in a single location, and there is continuing decline in the extent and quality of its habitat\". There is also a population of feral cats that live in the cave where these bats are found, likely feeding on bats. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation. Jamaican greater funnel-eared bat The Jamaican greater funnel-eared bat (\"Natalus jamaicensis\") is a species of funnel-eared bat found in Jamaica. It was first described as \"Natalus major jamaicensis\", later as a subspecies of \"Natalus stramineus\", and now as its own species. It is of a similar appearance to many species of the genus \"Natalus\". It lives solely in St. Clair Cave in Jamaica and feeds on insects. \"Natalus\" was first reported as existing in Jamaica in 1951 by Koopman and Williams based on a partial mandible collected by H. E. Anthony during 1919–1920. They referred to" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Mabel Tainter Memorial Building The Mabel Tainter Center for the Arts, originally named the Mabel Tainter Memorial Building and also known as the Mabel Tainter Theater, is a historic landmark in Menomonie, Wisconsin, and is registered on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. The building was commissioned by Captain and Mrs. Andrew Tainter (whose son's house, the Louis Smith Tainter House, is also on the National Register), to honor their late daughter Mabel Tainter, who died in 1886 at age 19. The lumber baron's daughter had enjoyed music and the arts, so the building was designed to serve those areas and no expense was spared by the parents. Designed by Harvey Ellis in the Richardsonian Romanesque style, the building was completed in 1889. The Mabel Tainter Memorial Building, which cost approximately $125,000, was donated by Captain and Mrs. Tainter to the private Mabel Tainter Literary, Library and Education Society to own and manage the building. As stated at the time, \"In accordance with her wish, the father and mother have felt the fittest monument to the dear dead is a contribution to the welfare of the living.\" The building was dedicated on July 3, 1890, with a ceremony in the building's theater. Featured guests were Captain and Mrs. Tainter, Menomonie's mayor and common council, and the president of the Mabel Tainter Literary, Library and Education Society, L. S. Tainter, a brother of the late Mabel. The presentation address was given by Rev. H. D. Maxson, a Unitarian minister who had been instrumental in working with the Tainter family in developing the idea for the building. The trust was accepted by S, W, Hunt, and the dedicatory address was delivered by Rev. J. H. Crocker of Madison, Wisconsin. Until Captain Tainter's death in 1899, he provided the funds to cover the operating costs of the building. At his death, he established an endowment fund of $65,000 for the society. By 1925, the endowment had grown to $105,000 through legacies left by other members of the Tainter family and other individuals. The exterior stone is Dunnville sandstone quarried from along the Red Cedar River about six miles south of town. Ellis used Moorish influences in addition to the Richardsonian Romanesque style that guided most of his work. The interior contains hand-stenciled walls and ceilings, marble staircase and floors, stained glass windows, four fireplaces, brass fixtures and walnut and oak woodwork. The building still has its original Steere and Turner pipe organ, with a total of 1597 pipes and 28 stops; originally water-powered, it was eventually converted to electric power and completely restored. The building included both an ornate 313-seat theater and a reading room. The building was intended to be the home of the Unitarian Society of Menomonie. The original deed to the society gave the Unitarian Society free use of the auditorium, assembly room, parlors, ladies' work room and young men's club room. It continues to meet there on a regular basis. As the name of the society indicates, the building was also intended to become Menomonie's public library, replacing the public library in second-floor rooms across Main Street. The city library donated (subject to recall) 745 of its 3,000 volumes to the new library, distributing the rest to the public schools. The city also provided $200 a year to the new library. The Mabel Tainter Memorial Library opened January 21, 1891 with nearly 4,000 volumes. By 1925 the collection included 16,374 volumes, 2,577 public documents, and 3,930 pamphlets. The private library was open to any resident of the county. Needing more space and better accessibility, the Menomonie Public library moved to a new single story building in 1986. The former Reading Room is now the Mabel Tainter Center for the Arts Box Office & Gallery Store. Although the historic elegance and beauty remain intact at the Mabel Tainter Memorial Building, construction was recently completed to update the building's accessibility and safety features. A new entrance, public elevator, new wiring, a sprinkler system, and other safety updates were installed to improve the facility and ensure its longevity in historic downtown Menomonie. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, is a charter member of the League of Historic American Theatres and a designated Wisconsin Historical Marker Site. Today, the Mabel Tainter Center for the Arts—a tax-exempt, 501(c)3 nonprofit organization—owns and operates the building. The organization offers a performing arts and comedy series, an annual fine arts and crafts fair, and other arts and cultural programming. The Menomonie Theater Guild also presents much of its season at the Mabel Tainter Center for the Arts. Note: Information about the Tainter Memorial assembled for National Register listing some decades ago has been superseded by later historical research, and in fact in recent years the Register information has been modified to reflect the conclusion that Ellis did not design the building. More likely Edgar E. Joralemon, who replaced Ellis in Buffington's office, did. Mabel Tainter Memorial Building The Mabel Tainter Center for the Arts, originally named the Mabel Tainter Memorial Building and also known as the Mabel Tainter Theater, is a historic landmark in Menomonie, Wisconsin, and is registered on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. The building was commissioned by Captain and Mrs. Andrew Tainter (whose son's house, the Louis Smith Tainter House, is also on the National Register), to honor their late daughter Mabel Tainter, who" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Adaline Hohf Beery Adaline Hohf Beery (sometimes misspelled Berry; December 20, 1859 – February 24, 1929) was an American author, newspaper and magazine editor, songbook compiler, as well as a hymnwriter. Born into a Pennsylvania Dutch community, her first job after graduating from Mount Morris College in Illinois was as a compositor in a printing office. She served as the editor of \"The Golden Dawn\" magazine and \"The Young Disciple\" child's paper; compiled a song-book, \"Gospel Chimes\"; and was employed by the Brethren Publishing House. Adaline Hohf was born in Hanover, Pennsylvania, December 20, 1859. She was of mixed ancestry. Her father, Michael Hohf (1821–1881), was of Dutch extraction, and her mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Bucher (1821–1914), was of Swiss ancestry. Her siblings were Emanuel (1853–1864) and Martha (1864–1948). Born in a Pennsylvania Dutch community, the Pennsylvania German language was the first she learned to speak. She removed with her parents, at the age of four years, to Frederick, Maryland, where she spent her childhood days amid the rural sights and sounds along the Linganore Creek. In 1870, her family removed to Iowa, where, as a school-girl in her teens, she first attempted verse. A talent for composition began its development about that time, and sketches from her pen, in the form of both poetry and prose, found their way into the local papers. She gave no particular evidence of a tendency to rhyme until 1884, at which time she resided in Illinois, when the death of a friend called forth a memorial tribute, which received such commendation from personal friends as to encourage her to continue to work in verse, and poems were frequently written by her afterward. She completed the academic course of Mount Morris College in 1882, and about six months after graduation entered a printing office as compositor. She worked at the case more than four years and in May, 1885, undertook the editing of \"The Golden Dawn\", an excellent but short-lived magazine published in Huntingdon, Pennsylvania. On June 20, 1888, she married (1852–1956), an instructor in vocal music, and soon after rendered him valuable assistance in compiling an excellent song-book, \"Gospel Chimes\", writing hymns and some music for it. She and her husband were located in Huntingdon, where she edited a child's paper known as \"The Young Disciple\". Later, the husband and wife worked together in the Brethren Publishing House in Elgin, Illinois. Her family consisted of a son, Leon Felix Beery, born in February 1891, and a daughter, Judith Garber, born in 1897. Beery died in February 24, 1929, in Kane, Illinois. She was buried at Bluff City Cemetery in Elgin. She wrote the music for the hymn \"The Holy Bible\", and the lyrics for many more hymns: Adaline Hohf Beery Adaline Hohf Beery (sometimes misspelled Berry; December 20, 1859 – February 24, 1929) was an American author, newspaper and magazine editor, songbook compiler, as well as a hymnwriter. Born into a Pennsylvania Dutch community, her first job after graduating from Mount" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Motek Motek Entertainment BV is an animation, motion capture and production studio specializing in services and production work for features, commercials, television, video games, online and mobile media. Motek is based in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The company is a subsidiary of Motek BV and was founded in The Netherlands by Oshri Even-Zohar as Lamalo BV in 1993. It became Motek BV with the inclusion of private investors in 1996. The company's core business lines: Medical, Simulation and Entertainment grew more independent and in 2004 the separate companies Motek Entertainment BV and Motek Medical BV were formed. Motek operates a performance capture studio in Amsterdam, and was formerly a partner with the Noordelijk Hogeschool Leeuwarden's motion capture studio in the Gameship initiative. The studio is equipped with Vicon T-Series cameras. Motek is known for being highly innovative in other fields as well, such as medicine. Their immersive virtual-reality medical system, named CAREN, has been put to use for clinical and research purposes by hospitals worldwide. Television series produced include over 400 episodes of \"Cafe de Wereld\", an animated satire program for IDTV and VARA. The show aired on VARA's programs \"VARA Live\", \"VARA Laat\" and \"De Wereld Draait Door\", from 2002-2007. Motek is the producer and production studio of Efteling's animated series \"Sprookjesboom\". Based on motion capture performance, \"Sprookjesboom\" is similar in theme to DreamWorks' \"Shrek\". It tells the story of the characters that live in the Fairy Tale Forest, including Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood, and Tom Thumb. The show airs daily in the Netherlands on TROS and in Belgium on Ketnet. \"Sprookjesboom\" is currently in its fourth season of production, which will be broadcast in late 2009. Episodes in German and English are also in production. Motek did motion-capture work on the Snickers \"Don't Stop\" television advertisements by Impact/BBDO. The advertisements achieved a top ranking on Adcritic.com in 2007, and received a Special Mention at The Loerie Awards for that year. Motek Medical specializes in creation, design and implementation of new technologies for the medical markets, specifically focusing on early diagnostics, rehabilitation, motor training and research. Motek Medical’s flagship product is the CAREN system, an immersive virtual reality (VR) system, using motion capture systems for use in clinical and research settings. Motek Motek Entertainment BV is an animation, motion capture and production studio specializing in services and production work for features, commercials, television, video games, online and mobile media. Motek" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Solihull Solihull (, or ) is a large town in the West Midlands, England with a population of 123,187 in the 2011 Census. Historically in Warwickshire, it is a part of the West Midlands conurbation. It is the largest town in, and administrative centre of, the larger Metropolitan Borough of Solihull, which itself has a population of 209,890. Solihull is situated southeast of Birmingham, northwest of Warwick and northwest of London. Solihull is the most affluent town of the West Midlands, and one of the most affluent areas in the UK outside London. In November 2013, the uSwitch Quality of Life Index named Solihull the \"best place to live\" in the United Kingdom. Residents of Solihull and those born in the town are referred to as \"Silhillians\". The motto of Solihull is \"Urbs in Rure\" (Town in Country). Solihull's name is commonly thought to have derived from the position of its parish church, St Alphege, on a 'soily' hill. The church was built on a hill of stiff red marl, which turned to sticky mud in wet weather. The town is noted for its historic architecture, which includes surviving examples of timber framed Tudor style houses and shops. The historic Solihull School dates from 1560 (although not on its present site). The red sandstone parish church of St. Alphege dates from a similar period and is a large and handsome example of English Gothic church architecture, with a traditional spire 168 feet (51 metres) high, making it visible from a great distance. It is located at the head of High Street and is a Grade I listed building. It was founded in about 1220 by Hugh de Oddingsell. A chantry chapel was also founded there by Sir William de Oddingsell in 1277 and the upper chapel in St Alphege was built for a chantry. Unlike nearby Birmingham, the Industrial Revolution largely passed Solihull by and until the 20th century Solihull remained a small market town. World War II also nearly passed Solihull by. Neighbouring Coventry and Birmingham were severely damaged by repeated German bombing raids but apart from some attacks on what is now the Land Rover plant, the airport and the local railway lines, Solihull escaped largely intact. In 1901, the population of the town was just 7,500. This growth was due to a number of factors including a large slum clearance programme in Birmingham, the development of the Rover car plant, the expansion of what was then Elmdon Airport into Birmingham International Airport and, perhaps most significantly, the release of large tracts of land for housing development attracting inward migration of new residents from across the UK. Until the early 1960s, the main high street remained much as it would have been in the late 19th century with several streets of Victorian terraced houses linking High Street with Warwick Road. The construction of the central shopping area known as Mell Square (named after W. Maurice Mell, the town clerk who planned the work) involved the demolition of properties in Mill Lane and Drury Lane, some of which were several hundred years old, together with that of the large Victorian Congregational Church that had stood on the corner of Union Street and Warwick Road. On the right along High Street from St Alphege's Church porch is one of the town's oldest landmarks, The George, which dates from the 16th century. It is now called the Ramada Jarvis Hotel. On 23 November 1981, an F0/T1 tornado touched down in nearby Shirley. The tornado later moved over Solihull town centre, causing some damage to the town centre before dissipating. Arden Golf Club, Solihull, (now defunct) was founded in 1891. The course was still appearing on maps into the 1930s. Due to its growth, Solihull was promoted from an urban district to a municipal borough, the honour being bestowed by Princess Margaret. In 1964, Solihull became a county borough and on this occasion the Queen bestowed the honour. In 1974, the Solihull county borough was merged with the rural district surrounding Meriden to form the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull. This also includes the districts known as Shirley, Knowle, Dorridge, Balsall Common, Castle Bromwich and Chelmsley Wood. The member of parliament for the Solihull constituency is Conservative Julian Knight, who won his seat in 2015. There are 17 wards in Solihull; Olton, Knowle, Dorridge, Silhill, Blythe, Meriden, Elmdon, Lyndon, Smith's Wood, Chelmsley Wood, Hockley Heath, St. Alphege, Shirley West, Shirley East, Shirley South, Kingshurst & Fordbridge, Castle Bromwich and Bickenhill. Each ward is represented by three councillors at Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council, making a total of 51 councillors. The mayor is elected by the Council and is currently (2017–18) Stuart Davis of the Conservative Party. Solihull has no university, but there are seven universities within of the town; five in Birmingham and two in Coventry. However, Solihull College, formerly known as the Solihull College of Technology, incorporates a University Centre which offers several foundation degree and full degree courses, particularly in technical subject areas such as computer sciences and engineering. As yet it has not applied to attain university college status. There is also a sixth form college located on the outskirts of the town centre. This is known as the Sixth Form College, Solihull. Solihull School is an independent school and is located on Warwick Road near the centre of the town. It was founded in 1560 and celebrated its 450th anniversary in 2010. Solihull had a 'Wave 1' proposal of the Building Schools for the Future investment programme approved. They were awarded over £80 million to transform six schools in the north of the borough in December 2004. As a result of the funding, there will be six new schools constructed within seven years. The school curriculum will be redesigned as well as a further £6 million investment in managed ICT services. The six schools to be rebuilt are Park Hall, Smith's Wood, Archbishop Grimshaw, Lanchester Special School and Forest Oak and Merstone special schools. Forest Oak and Merstone have been already rebuilt on one site. Lanchester, Park Hall and Smith's Wood have been built by BAM PPP, under 'Private Finance Initiative'. Archbishop Grimshaw has been built by BAM PPP under a traditional contract. A number of main roads pass through Solihull including the A41 Birmingham to Warwick road and the A34 Birmingham to Stratford road. The M42 and the M40 both pass through Solihull and provide very rapid links to Oxford and London and to the rest of the motorway network surrounding the West Midlands. Birmingham Airport is located in Solihull. Solihull railway station is on the former Great Western Railway line from Birmingham Snow Hill station to London Paddington although trains now run along the Chiltern Main Line terminating at London Marylebone. Solihull railway station was first built on a very grand scale, with 2 island platforms complete with nearly full length canopies, and a large goods yard, boasting space for some 200+ waggons; the yard was equipped with a loading dock, goods shed and large crane. Solihull was also rare in being only one of a handful of stations in the area to have a goods relief line. Other railway links are provided on the West Coast Main Line, as Birmingham International railway station lies within the borough's boundaries and offers frequent express connections to London. Express train services through Solihull are now run by Chiltern Railways and local services by West Midlands Railway. The Grand Union Canal passes across Solihull, coming within of the town centre and linking the town to the River Thames in London. Local bus services are provided largely by National Express West Midlands from their Yardley Wood and Acocks Green depots in south and southeast Birmingham respectively. Solihull offers a variety of shopping facilities. It has an open-air 1960s-style shopping centre called Mell Square which was constructed following the demolition of several", "relief line. Other railway links are provided on the West Coast Main Line, as Birmingham International railway station lies within the borough's boundaries and offers frequent express connections to London. Express train services through Solihull are now run by Chiltern Railways and local services by West Midlands Railway. The Grand Union Canal passes across Solihull, coming within of the town centre and linking the town to the River Thames in London. Local bus services are provided largely by National Express West Midlands from their Yardley Wood and Acocks Green depots in south and southeast Birmingham respectively. Solihull offers a variety of shopping facilities. It has an open-air 1960s-style shopping centre called Mell Square which was constructed following the demolition of several terraces of Victorian houses and the original Solihull Congregational Church. In recent years, the town has undergone much development, and High Street has been pedestrianised since 1994. On 2 July 2002, a large new shopping centre, Touchwood, was opened by the Queen. Solihull is the home of the four-wheel-drive car manufacturer Land Rover's main production plant (situated east of the Lode Heath district) and a range of other major companies. The village of Meriden was the famous home of the Triumph motorbike factory from 1942-1983. The former home of retail bakers Three Cooks, after it was brought out of administration in 2006, the new company Cooks the Bakery retains its HQ in Solihull. Other major companies headquartered in Solihull include pub company Enterprise Inns and mortgage and personal loan provider Paragon. The National Exhibition Centre is within the borough of Solihull, as is almost all of Birmingham Airport and the ever-expanding Birmingham Business Park. Solihull has a number of parks and local nature reserves, including for: Other parks include Tudor Grange Park, Elmdon Park, Hillfield Park, Cole Bank Park, Knowle Park and Shirley Park. The nearest parks to the town centre are Malvern and Brueton Parks. They are interlinked and cover a total area of about . Brueton Park used to be part of the grounds of Malvern Hall, which dates back to about 1690. It is home now to St Martin's Independent School for Girls. Solihull also has the UK's first dedicated hedgehog conservation area. The River Blythe, a headwater tributary of the River Trent, passes through parts of Solihull including Malvern and Tudor Grange Parks. Solihull has numerous leisure facilities including a public swimming pool on the edge of Tudor Grange Park. This pool replaced the old Tudor Grange Sports Centre, which was demolished in 2007, to make way for the brand new leisure centre (A combination of the old Norman Green Athletics Centre and Tudor Grange Sports Centre). This in turn had replaced the outdoor swimming pool – Malvern Park Lido – that had served Solihull from 1954 till its closure in 1982. At present there are two sports centres, the more modern Tudor Grange Sports Centre, and the older North Solihull Sports Centre. There is also an outdoor wooden skateboarding and in-line skating facility in Tudor Grange Park. Sailing takes place on Olton Reservoir. The borough is well served by numerous youth groups, both from the statutory and voluntary sector. There are several Scout groups including Knowle Sea Scout Group which is based in the south of Solihull and is sponsored by the Royal Navy providing a wide programme of activities for young people from all over Solihull aged from 6 to 18. The recently refurbished ice rink on Hobs Moat Road is home to Solihull's ice hockey teams, the Solihull Barons, Solihull Vikings, a junior ice hockey team, the Mohawks ice racing club, as well as ice dance and figure skating clubs. Above the ice rink is a Riley's snooker club. Every year since the early 1930s (apart from gaps during world wars), Solihull Carnival has taken place. This is now fixed to the first weekend after the June half-term and takes place in Tudor Grange Park, organised by Shirley Round Table. The event raises about £10,000 for charitable causes each year. Tudor Grange Park is also the venue for the annual free firework display held on the Saturday closest to 5 November, organised by Solihull Round Table. The event attracts about 15,000 people to the park. The largest football club in the town is Solihull Moors, who play at Damson Park, from the town centre. The club was established in 2007 following the merger of Solihull Borough and Moor Green and currently play in the National League after being promoted from the National League North at the end of the 2015-16 season. Birmingham & Solihull R.F.C., known as \"the Bees\", a professional rugby union team which competes in National League 3. The club played at Sharmans Cross Road until August 2010, and following a brief spell at Solihull Moors' Damson Park ground the club now play at Portway. Solihull Swimming Club is based at Tudor Grange Leisure Centre, Solihull School and St. Martin’s School. First established in 1963, the club now boasts over 600 members and also runs water polo teams. Solihull Barons are the local ice hockey team and play their home games at the Solihull Ice Rink. Solihull also has a number of field hockey clubs, namely Old Silhillians Hockey Club, Olton & West Warwickshire Hockey Club and Solihull Blossomfield Hockey Club. Gaelic games are played by Warwickshire GAA who play their home matches in Páirc na hÉireann in Solihull. The town has an indoor bowling area and club. Solihull is also home to Solihull Cycling Club which was founded in 1929. The club has produced National Champions, Olympic Medallists and Tour de France riders \"For a full list see List of areas in Solihull\" Solihull town has several suburbs including Olton, Solihull Lodge, Blossomfield, Haslucks Green, Sharmans Cross, Cranmore, Shirley (considered a sub-town of Solihull), Shirley Heath, Hillfield, Monkspath, Widney Manor, Lode Heath, Elmdon Heath, and World's End. Solihull Borough includes several satellite towns and villages including Castle Bromwich, Chelmsley Wood, Cheswick Green, Dorridge, Dickens Heath, Knowle, Balsall Common, Meriden, Hampton in Arden, Hockley Heath, Eastcote, Barston, Bickenhill, Catherine-de-Barnes and Bentley Heath. Solihull is twinned with: This list includes notable persons who were born or have lived in Solihull. Solihull Solihull (, or ) is a large town in the West Midlands, England with a population of 123,187 in the 2011 Census. Historically in Warwickshire, it is a part of the West Midlands conurbation. It is the largest town in, and administrative centre of, the larger Metropolitan Borough of Solihull, which itself has a population of 209,890. Solihull is situated southeast of Birmingham, northwest of Warwick and northwest of London. Solihull is the most affluent town of the West Midlands, and one" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "WVOD WVOD, is a commercial radio station licensed to Manteo, North Carolina serving the Outer Banks of North Carolina which includes Kitty Hawk, Kill Devil Hills, and Nags Head. WVOD broadcasts at 50,000 watts at 99.1 FM and is formatted as an AAA or Adult Album Alternative music station. The station is owned by Hengooch LLC. WVOD signed on in 1993 as the \"Voice Of Dare\"(Dare County), playing a wide-ranging choice of music, from classical to heavy metal. Around 1996, WVOD became a full-fledged AAA station and the station moniker became 'The Sound 99.1\" WVOD. WVOD-FM began life as 99.3 FM or 99 3D, \"Your Voices of Dare.\" Two Dare County Businesswomen established the station under the company name \"Orbit Communications\", and with the license and engineering permits in place, the station began broadcasting Easter Weekend in April 1986. At the time the station went on the air, there were only three full-time salaried announcers on the company payroll. Broadcast power was limited to 3KW assigned to the 99.3 frequency, and the later shift to 99.1 was accompanied by an upgrade to transmitter power. The original studio and offices were located in an old hardware store on the Manteo Waterfront across the street from the Dare County Courthouse. A crew of volunteers, and part-time announcers quickly filled the ranks, and by Mid May the station had a complete staff of full and part-time announcers, and a news director.(Personal Account by Original Station Staff) The station still remains true to its roots by playing many local artists, and thrilling the listeners by sponsoring local events, and concerts [Keller Williams, 7-AUG-2009, Brewing Station] and providing \"Local flavor\" to a diverse listenerership. In 2006, Convergent Broadcasting LLC sold WVOD, WFMZ, WYND-FM and WZPR to CapSan Media LLC. Hengooch, LLC bought WVOD, WYND, and WZPR/WFMZ in 2010 for $200,000. Max Radio of the Carolinas operates WVOD, WZPR/WFMZ, WCMS-FM and WCXL as of 2013; WYND was sold. WVOD WVOD, is a commercial radio station licensed to Manteo, North Carolina serving the Outer Banks of North Carolina which includes Kitty Hawk, Kill Devil Hills, and Nags Head. WVOD broadcasts at 50,000 watts at 99.1 FM and is formatted as an AAA or Adult Album Alternative music station. The station is owned by Hengooch LLC. WVOD signed on in 1993 as the \"Voice Of Dare\"(Dare County), playing a wide-ranging choice of music, from classical to heavy metal." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "USS Lea (DD-118) USS \"Lea\" (DD-118) was a in the United States Navy during World War I and World War II. She was named in honor of Edward Lea, a US Navy officer killed during the American Civil War. \"Lea\" was laid down on 18 September 1917 by William Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia. The ship was launched on 29 April 1918, sponsored by Mrs. Harry E. Collins. The destroyer was commissioned on 2 October 1918, Lieutenant Commander Willis Augustus Lee in command. After service in the Atlantic with DesRon 19 during 1919, \"Lea\" transferred to the Pacific Fleet in 1920 and served primarily along the West Coast during the years between the wars. She was out of commission at San Diego from 22 June 1922 to 1 May 1930 and 7 April 1937 to 30 September 1939. With Lieutenant Commander F. W. Slaven in command, she sailed for the East Coast to join the Neutrality Patrol, guarding the western Atlantic through the tense months before the US entry into World War II. She served in the force guarding transports carrying marines for the occupation of Iceland on 8 July 1941. For the first 2 years of U.S. participation in the war, \"Lea\" had convoy escort duty in the North Atlantic, the Caribbean Sea, and along the eastern seaboard, hazarded by peak U-boat activity and dangerous weather conditions. She rescued survivors from stricken merchant ships as well as fighting off submarines and joining in several successful attacks. The first of her many wartime rescues at sea came in February 1942, when she took on board the crew of Soviet merchant vessel \"Dvinoles\", abandoned after collision damage. Later that month, 24 February, came a daylong battle with submarines when \"Lea\" and fellow escorts again and again dashed out from their convoy screen to keep down attacking U-boats which had sunk four of the merchantmen. Between 22 April 1943 and 30 May, \"Lea\" joined the hunter-killer group formed around the escort carrier in the first mission of such a group. On 21 May and 22 May, \"Bogue\"s aircraft became the first to engage a wolfpack attempting to rendezvous for a mass attack on a convoy. So successful were their six attacks in protecting the convoy that the group was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation in which \"Lea\" shared. On 31 December 1943, \"Lea\" was five days out of New York on convoy escort duty when she was rammed by a merchant ship. Towed to Bermuda and later Boston, she completed repairs on 28 June 1944, and began sailing from Newport as target ship for torpedo planes and escorting carriers during flight training. Between January and June 1945, she had similar duty off Florida. Arriving Philadelphia on 14 June, she decommissioned there on 20 July 1945. \"Lea\" was struck from the Navy Register on 13 August 1945. The ship was sold for scrapping to Boston Metals Salvage Company, Baltimore on 30 November 1945. As of 2013, no other ships in the United States Navy have borne this name. USS Lea (DD-118) USS \"Lea\" (DD-118) was a in the United States Navy during World War I and World War II. She was named in honor of Edward Lea, a US Navy officer killed during the American Civil War. \"Lea\" was laid down on 18 September 1917 by William Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia. The ship was launched on 29 April 1918, sponsored by Mrs. Harry E. Collins. The destroyer was commissioned on 2 October 1918, Lieutenant Commander Willis Augustus Lee in command. After service in the Atlantic with DesRon 19 during 1919, \"Lea\" transferred to the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Bethany, Indiana Bethany is a town in Clay Township, Morgan County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 81 at the 2010 census. Bethany was founded in 1955. According to the 2010 census, Bethany has a total area of , of which (or 88.89%) is land and (or 11.11%) is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 81 people, 31 households, and 24 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 34 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 95.1% White, 1.2% Native American, and 3.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population. There were 31 households of which 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.2% were married couples living together, 16.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 16.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 22.6% were non-families. 19.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 2.92. The median age in the town was 35.8 years. 19.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 12.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.6% were from 25 to 44; 27.1% were from 45 to 64; and 11.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 53.1% male and 46.9% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 94 people, 30 households, and 24 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,133.6 people per square mile (453.7/km²). There were 34 housing units at an average density of 410.0 per square mile (164.1/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 98.94% White, and 1.06% from two or more races. There were 30 households out of which 50.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.0% were married couples living together, and 20.0% were non-families. 13.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.13 and the average family size was 3.46. In the town, the population was spread out with 33.0% under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 30.9% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 7.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 123.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.0 males. The median income for a household in the town was $22,344, and the median income for a family was $56,250. Males had a median income of $25,000 versus $12,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,967. There were no families and 1.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 100.0% of those over 64. Bethany, Indiana Bethany is a town in Clay Township, Morgan County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 81 at the 2010 census. Bethany was founded in 1955. According to the 2010 census, Bethany has a total area of , of which (or 88.89%) is land and (or 11.11%) is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 81 people, 31 households, and 24 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 34 housing units at an average density of" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "New Zealand Dominion Museum building The New Zealand Dominion Museum building was completed in 1936, and is located on Buckle Street in Wellington next to the National War Memorial. The building originally housed the National Museum, the National Art Gallery of New Zealand and the New Zealand Academy of Fine Arts. It currently houses part of the Massey University Wellington Campus. Prior to 1907, the Dominion Museum was known as the Colonial Museum. The Colonial Museum was originally housed in a small wooden building behind what is now the New Zealand Parliament Buildings. In 1930, the National Art Gallery and Dominion Museum Act 1930 established a board of trustees, leading to the building on Buckle street. The building housed the Dominion Museum, the National Art Gallery of New Zealand and the New Zealand Academy of Fine Arts (who had sold their land and donated the proceeds to the new organisation on the provision that they would be accommodated). In 1972, an act of Parliament updated the Dominion Museum's name to the National Museum. In 1992 Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Act 1992 combined the National Museum and the National Art Gallery to form the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. The Dominion Museum building was featured in Peter Jackson's 1996 film \"The Frighteners\", and in Peter Webber's 2012 film \"Emperor\". New Zealand Dominion Museum building The New Zealand Dominion Museum building was completed in 1936, and is located on Buckle Street in Wellington next to the National War Memorial. The building originally housed the National Museum, the National Art Gallery of New Zealand and the New Zealand Academy of Fine Arts. It currently houses part of the Massey University Wellington Campus. Prior to 1907, the Dominion Museum was known as the Colonial Museum. The Colonial Museum was" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "But I Do Love You \"But I Do Love You\" is a song recorded by American country music artist LeAnn Rimes. It was released in the US as a single from the \"Coyote Ugly\" soundtrack on February 9, 2001 and in the UK on February 11, 2002. The song was written by Diane Warren. The song was featured on Rimes' 2002 compilation album, \"I Need You\" with the Almighty Radio Edit featured as a bonus track, the Almighty Radio Edit was later included on the \"More Music from Coyote Ugly\" in 2003. In 2004, the song was featured on \"The Best of LeAnn Rimes\" with the Almighty Radio Edit featured on the remix edition. It peaked at number eighteen on the US \"Billboard\" Country Songs chart. Internationally it peaked at twenty on UK Singles Chart and forty-eight on the Irish Singles Chart. The song is from the 2000 film \"Coyote Ugly\" and was originally intended to be sung by American stage, film and television actress, Piper Perabo, but after her audition to sing \"Can't Fight the Moonlight\" and watching the film, American country pop artist LeAnn Rimes decided to record all the songs for the film and provide the singing voice for Perabo. The theatrical trailer for the film included Perabo's original recording of the song prior to Rimes recording it. \"But I Do Love You\" was first released on the soundtrack for \"Coyote Ugly\" on August 1, 2000. It was later released as a B-side track to the single \"Can't Fight the Moonlight\" on August 22, 2000. The song was released to country radio in the U.S. on February 9, 2001. It was released in the UK on February 11, 2002 In March of 2002 it was included on Rimes' compilation album, \"I Need You\", with the Almighty Radio Edit included as a bonus track. In 2003, the Almighty Radio Edit of the song would be included on the \"More Music from Coyote Ugly\" soundtrack on January 28, 2003. In 2004, the song was included on \"The Best of LeAnn Rimes\", while the Almighty Radio Edit was released on the remixed edition. \"But I Do Love You\" is a song of three minutes and twenty seconds. It was written by Diane Warren and recorded by LeAnn Rimes. The song is written in the key of C major with Rimes' vocals spanning two octaves, from B to B The song is produced by Trevor Horn with executive production by Jerry Bruckheimer, Kathy Nelson and Mike Curb. Orchestral arrangements were done by David Campbell with engineering and mixing done by Steve MacMillan. Additional engineering was done by Tim Weidner, Greg Hunt, Gary Leach and Austin Deptula. The song received a favorable review from Deborah Evans Price of \"Billboard\", who wrote that \"Rimes is an ever-evolving stylist of the first degree, and she nails this catchy midtempo track from start to finish.\" Another review in \"Billboard\", from 2000, stated that the song is \"beautifully written\" and that it is \"AC-hitworthy.\" Heather Phares of Allmusic considered the song a \"Jewel-esque love song\". The song debuted at number sixty on the US \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for the week of February 24, 2001 and peaked at number eighteen. Internationally the song peaked at number twenty on the UK Singles Chart and number forty-eight on the Irish Singles Chart. But I Do Love You \"But I Do Love You\" is a song recorded by American country music artist LeAnn Rimes. It was released in the US as a single from the \"Coyote Ugly\" soundtrack on February 9, 2001 and in the UK" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Count of Champagne The Count of Champagne was the ruler of the region of Champagne from 950 to 1316. Champagne evolved from the county of Troyes in the late eleventh century and Hugh I was the first to officially use the title \"Count of Champagne\". When Sancho VII of Navarre died childless in 1234, his nephew Count Theobald IV of Champagne became also King of Navarre. The latter's greatgrandaughter Joan married King Philip IV of France. Upon Joan's death in 1305, her son Louis became the last independent count of Champagne, with the title merging into the royal domain upon his accession to the French throne in 1314. The titular counts of Champagne also inherited the post of seneschal of France. In Merovingian and Carolingian times, several dukes of Champagne (or \"Campania\") are known. The duchy appears to have been created by joining together the \"civitates\" of Rheims, Châlons-sur-Marne, Laon, and Troyes. In the late seventh and early eighth centuries, Champagne was controlled by the Pippinids; first by Drogo, son of Pippin of Herstal, and then by Drogo's son Arnulf. Count of Champagne The Count of Champagne was the ruler of the region of Champagne from 950 to 1316. Champagne" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "49th Guldbagge Awards The 49th Guldbagge Awards ceremony, presented by the Swedish Film Institute, honored the best Swedish films of 2013 and took place January 20, 2014, at Cirkus in Stockholm. During the ceremony, the jury presented Guldbagge Awards (commonly referred to as Bagge) in 19 categories. The ceremony was televised in the Sweden by SVT, with actress and comedian Sissela Kyle hosting the show for the third time. The ceremony also celebrated the prize's 50th anniversary. \"Waltz for Monica\" won four awards including Best Actress for Edda Magnason and Best Director for Per Fly. \"The Reunion\" won two awards for Best Film and Best Screenplay. Other winners included \"We Are the Best!\" with two awards, and \"Nobody Owns Me\", \"Hotell\", \"The Tenderness\", \"Belleville Baby\", \"On Suffocation\", \"Blue Is the Warmest Colour\", \"Sanctuary\", \"Faro\" and \"Shed No Tears\" with one. Through discussions the jury appoints the winners of the Guldbagge Award among the three nominees in all price categories, except for the Honorary Award which is appointed directly by the Swedish Film Institute's board. The jury consisted this year of Jannike Åhlund (chairman), Anna Carlson (actress and chairman of The Swedish Union for Performing Arts and Film), Bengt Forslund (producer and writer), Jan Holmberg (ceo, Ingmar Bergman Foundation), Anne-Marie Söhrman Fermelin (consultant of Film Stockholm/Filmbasen and producer), Kathrine Windfeld (director), Farnaz Arbabi (director and playwrighter), Sylvia Ingemarsdotter (film editor) and Marcus Lindeen (director and playwrighter). The nominees for the 49th Guldbagge Awards were announced on January 3, 2014 in Stockholm, by the Swedish Film Institute. Films with the most nominations were \"Waltz for Monica\" with eleven, followed by \"Shed No Tears\" with nine. The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on January 20, 2014. Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface. The following films received one or multiple nominations: The following four films received multiple awards: 49th Guldbagge Awards The 49th Guldbagge Awards ceremony, presented by the Swedish Film Institute, honored the best Swedish films of 2013 and took place January 20, 2014, at Cirkus in Stockholm. During the ceremony, the jury presented Guldbagge Awards (commonly referred to as Bagge) in 19 categories. The ceremony was televised in the Sweden by SVT, with actress and comedian Sissela Kyle hosting the show for the third time. The ceremony also celebrated the prize's 50th anniversary. \"Waltz for Monica\" won four awards including Best Actress for Edda Magnason and Best Director" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Diffuser (band) Diffuser is a rock band from Long Island, New York, that was formed in 1994 by Tomas Costanza (guitar/vocals), Anthony Cangelosi (guitar), Lawrence Sullivan (bass) and Billy Alemaghides (drums). Originally the band was called Flu Thirteen and released a 7-inch entitled \"Edgar's Airwaves\" and an album entitled \"Spin Cycle\" before being signed to The Medicine Label. After being signed they released their second album titled \"In the Foul Key of V\". The band signed with major label Hollywood Records in 2001 and changed their name to Diffuser. In 2001 the band released their first album on Hollywood Records titled \"Injury Loves Melody\". Their single \"Karma\" was included on the ; it peaked at number 20 on the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and No. 26 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart. Sullivan and Alemaghides left the band in 2003 and were replaced by Peter Schojan and Dan Leo on bass and drums respectively. In March the band toured the country with Simple Plan, Gob and Madcap. Their second album, \"Making the Grade\", was released in July of that year. The songs \"I Wonder\" and \"Get It On\" were used in the 2003 movie \"Freaky Friday\". The song \"Get It On\" also appeared on the soundtrack for the \"Outlaw Volleyball\" video game. The first 150,000 copies of the video game contained a bonus music sampler from Diffuser. In the fall of that year the band joined Hoobastank and The All-American Rejects on the Nokia Unwired Tour. The band did their final US tour in January 2004 with Spitalfield and Silverstein, followed by a tour in Japan in March. In April Hollywood Records dropped them, and they disbanded shortly after. Dan later joined Action Action with ex-members of The Reunion Show and Count the Stars. Diffuser has recently gotten back together and, according to their Myspace, plan to release a new album in spring of 2008 and re-release some Flu Thirteen albums. Diffuser has recently started recording their album \"Sincerely, Wasting Away\", posting this on their MySpace page: On May 24, 2008, Diffuser uploaded two new songs from the upcoming album on their MySpace page, entitled \"Falling Down\" and \"Free\". Current lineup: Former members: Flu Thirteen: Diffuser: Costanza played bass for The Never Enders from 2005 until the band split in 2006. They released one album, \"Air Raid Romance\", on Indianola Records and shot one video for the single \"Broken\". The Never Enders are currently working on their new album. Leo joined Action Action in 2004 and is still currently in the band. They are currently{[when}} working on their follow-up to 2006's \"An Army of Shapes Between Wars\" which was released on Victory Records. Diffuser (band) Diffuser is a rock band from Long Island, New York, that was formed in 1994 by Tomas Costanza (guitar/vocals), Anthony Cangelosi (guitar), Lawrence Sullivan (bass) and Billy Alemaghides (drums). Originally the band was called Flu Thirteen and released a 7-inch entitled \"Edgar's Airwaves\" and an album entitled \"Spin Cycle\" before being signed to The" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Dog-Whistle Politics (Scandal) \"Dog-Whistle Politics\" is the fourth episode of the fifth season, and the 73rd overall of the American political thriller television series \"Scandal\". It aired on October 15, 2015 on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States. The episode was written by Mark Fish and directed by Zetna Fuentes. After learning that the Louvre was on fire, Jake Ballard (Scott Foley) becomes immediately suspicious about Rowan (Joe Morton) trying to rebuild his empire B613 through \"Lazarus One\" which the first step was destroying the work of art museums and disrupting the market of artworks. Jake goes to see Rowan in prison for answers, where the ancient command denies any knowledge about it. Jake decided to continue his investigation and goes to France with Charlie, but he unexpectedly crosses paths with someone he thought he'd never see again. In the meantime, Olivia Pope (Kerry Washington), after confirming to the press that she is the President's mistress, is lying low. Fitz (Tony Goldwyn), tries to deal with the Republican senators and their threat about impeachment. Meanwhile, Quinn Perkins (Katie Lowes) recruits Marcus Walker (Cornelius Smith Jr.), a former client of OPA to help smooth over the media storm surrounding Olivia and Fitz. But when it becomes clear that the media, who are digging up dirt on Olivia, won’t back down, Marcus, Huck and Quinn come up with a plan to handle the press. They employ a strategy called \"Dog-whistle politics\" which is a language, a type of political speech using code words that appear to mean one thing to the general population but have a different meaning for a targeted part of the audience. Mellie Grant (Bellamy Young) is asked by female senators to join them in their bid to impeach the president. At first, she refuses to join this path, but later agrees to join them after seeing Fitz making his relationship with Olivia public. The episode was written by Zetna Fuentes and directed by Mark Fish. The episode featured the songs \"Scandal End Credits Theme\" by Chad Fischer; \"Satisfaction\" by Aretha Franklin, and \"Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours\" by Stevie Wonder. \"Dog-Whistle Politics\" was originally broadcast on Thursday, October 15, 2015 in the United States on ABC. The episode's total viewership was 8.06 million. In the key 18-49 demographic, the episode scored a 2.4/7 in Nielsen ratings, the highest rating. The show rank 11th on 18-49 Rank and 2nd in Drama Rank. The episode was well received by television critics, with many praising. \"Entertainment Weekly\" praised the episode saying: \"Scandal was firing all cylinders tonight: we had some really sweet Liv-Fitz moments, some angry and compassionate sides of Mellie, some slick OPA problem-solving, two new faces, a scary Papa pope speech, and drama Galore!\" \"Huffington Post\" also congratulate the show as they said \"Scandal has nailed the degrading way women of color are discussed: Lucky, sassy, ambitious, well-spoken, shrill, calculating, urban.\" \"Time\" listed \"Dog-Whistle Politics\" as No. 3 on their Top 10 Best TV Episodes of 2015. Dog-Whistle Politics (Scandal) \"Dog-Whistle Politics\" is the fourth episode of the fifth season, and the 73rd overall of the American political thriller television series \"Scandal\". It aired on October 15, 2015 on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States. The episode was written by Mark Fish and directed by Zetna Fuentes. After learning that the Louvre was on fire, Jake Ballard (Scott Foley) becomes immediately suspicious about Rowan (Joe Morton) trying to rebuild his empire B613 through \"Lazarus One\" which the first step was destroying the work of art museums and disrupting the market of artworks. Jake goes to" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Martin Hoffman Martin L. Hoffman is an American psychologist, a professor emeritus of clinical and developmental psychology at New York University. His work largely has to do with the development of empathy, and its relationship with moral development. His research also touches on areas such as empathic anger, sympathy, guilt and feelings of injustice. Hoffman did his undergraduate studies at Purdue University, receiving a B.S. in electrical engineering in 1945. He earned a master's degree in psychology at the University of Michigan in 1947 and his PhD in social psychology at the University of Michigan in 1951. In the 1960s, he became editor of the \"Merrill-Palmer Quarterly: A Journal of Developmental Psychology\", and oversaw its conversion from a newsletter to an academic journal. He is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Psychological Association, and the American Psychological Society. Empathy and Moral Development: Implications for Caring and Justice Martin Hoffman Martin L. Hoffman is an American psychologist, a professor emeritus of clinical and developmental psychology at New York University. His work largely has to do with the development of empathy, and its relationship with moral development. His research also touches on areas such as" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Register and Tribune Syndicate The Register and Tribune Syndicate was a syndication service based in Des Moines, Iowa, that operated from 1922 to 1986, when it was acquired by King Features to become the Cowles Syndicate affiliate. At its peak, the Register and Tribune Syndicate offered newspapers some 60 to 75 features, including editorial cartoonist Herblock, comic strips, and commentaries by David Horowitz, Stanley Karnow, and others. Throughout the 1940s the syndicate distributed the weekly \"The Spirit Section,\" a 16-page tabloid-sized newsprint comic book supplement eventually sold to 20 Sunday newspapers with a combined circulation of as many as five million copies. The Register and Tribune Syndicate's most successful comics feature was \"The Family Circus\" (launched in 1960), eventually distributed to more than 1,000 newspapers; other long-running strips included \"Channel Chuckles\", \"Jane Arden\", \"The Better Half\", and \"Tumbleweeds\". In 1922, \"The Des Moines Register\" publisher Gardner Cowles, Sr.' son John Cowles Sr. launched the Register and Tribune Syndicate (the family also owned the \"Des Moines Tribune\"). The manager was Henry Martin, who served in that capacity until 1960. \"Jane Arden\" was the syndicate's first breakout hit, launching in 1927 and eventually running until 1968. Charles E. Lounsbury became the syndicate's chief editor in 1930, serving in that capacity until his death at age 84 in 1952. In 1937 the Register and Tribune Syndicate partnered with two other syndicates, the McNaught Syndicate and the Frank Jay Markey Syndicate, as well as with entrepreneur Everett M. \"Busy\" Arnold, to provide material to the burgeoning comic book industry; many of the syndicate's strips found their way into Arnold's \"Feature Funnies\". In 1939, Cowles Media Company (the syndicate's corporate owner, formed in 1935) and Arnold bought out the McNaught and Markey interests. In the 1940s, Will Eisner's \"The Spirit\" debuted as the main feature of a 16-page Sunday supplement known colloquially as \"The Spirit Section\". Launched June 2, 1940, this was a tabloid-sized newsprint comic book sold as part of eventually 20 Sunday newspapers with a combined circulation of as many as five million copies. In a 2004 interview, Eisner elaborated on the origins of the supplement: The Spirit Section generally included two other, four-page strips (initially \"Mr. Mystic\" and \"Lady Luck\"), plus filler material. Eisner was the editor, but also wrote and drew most entries — after the first few months, he had the uncredited assistance of writer Jules Feiffer and artists Jack Cole and Wally Wood, though Eisner's singular vision for the strip was a unifying factor. The Spirit Section continued until October 5, 1952. Bil Keane's television-themed panel \"Channel Chuckles\" was launched in 1954; he debuted \"The Family Circus\" in 1960. Bob Barnes' \"The Better Half\" debuted in 1956. The Old West-themed \"Tumbleweeds\" launched in September 1965. That same year, the Syndicate broke new ground when it picked up Morrie Turner's \"Wee Pals\", the first comic strip syndicated in the United States to have a cast of diverse ethnicity, dubbed the \"Rainbow Gang.\" Beginning in 1977, the Syndicate was the unofficial home of Marvel Comics strips, including \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" (1977–1986; continued by King Features), \"Conan the Barbarian\" (1978-1982), \"Howard the Duck\" (1977–1978), and \"The Incredible Hulk\" (1978–1982). In 1985, the syndicate was merged into its parent Cowles Media Company. In 1986, the syndicate was sold to Hearst Publications for $4.3 million, becoming a division of King Features Syndicate. Register and Tribune Syndicate The Register and Tribune Syndicate was a syndication service based in Des Moines, Iowa, that operated from 1922 to 1986, when it was acquired by King Features to become the Cowles Syndicate affiliate. At its peak, the Register" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Photozincography Photozincography, sometimes referred to as heliozincography but essentially the same process, known commercially as zinco, is the photographic process developed by Sir Henry James FRS (1803–1877) in the mid-nineteenth century. This method enabled the accurate reproduction of images, manuscript text and outline engravings, which proved invaluable when originally used to create maps during the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain during the 1850s, carried out by the government's Topographical Department, headed by Colonel Sir Henry James. The foundation of this method is the insolubility of bichromate of potash upon exposure to light, allowing the printing of images on to zinc from photographic negatives. At this time, high-contrast negatives were made using the wet plate collodion method (a solution of nitrocellulose in ether or acetone on glass). Once the negative had been made, a sheet of thin tracing paper was coated in a mixture of saturated potassium bichromate solution and gum water, and dried. This was then placed under the photographic negative and exposed to light for 2–3 minutes. The bichromate/gum mixture remained soluble on the parts of the tracing paper that were shielded from light by the opaque areas of the negative, allowing it to be removed, leaving an insoluble ‘positive’ image. This bichromate positive was then placed on a sheet of zinc covered in lithographic ink, and put through a printing press three or four times. After removal of the paper, the zinc plate was washed in a tray of hot water (containing a small amount of gum), using a camel-hair brush to remove all the soluble bichromate combined with ink. What remained on the zinc plate was a perfect representation in ink of the original composition, by virtue of the ink binding to the insoluble potassium bichromate. The main advantage and innovation of this process over lithography was the use of zinc plates rather than stone ones. Zinc plates were lighter and easier to transport, could produce more prints, and were far less brittle than the stone plates originally used. The use of zinc plates was also the origin of the name \"photozincography,\" which Sir Henry James claims to have invented. Zinco or photozincography developed at the Ordnance Survey out of a need to reduce large-scale maps more effectively. The original method using a pantograph, was overcomplicated, time consuming and, due to the number of moving parts, inaccurate. While there was some concern that photography would distort the image, Sir Henry set out to explore the possibility of using photography, setting up a photography department at the Ordnance Survey in 1855 and also securing funds to build the \"glasshouse\", a photography building with an all glass roof to allow as much natural light in as possible for photography. The development and discovery of photozincography or zinco came about four years later, being first mentioned in Sir Henry's report to Parliament in 1859. While Sir Henry James claimed to have invented the process, a similar system of document copying had been developed in Australia. John Walter Osborne (1828–1902) developed a similar process and for the same reasons as Sir Henry, to avoid using the tracing system of the pantagraph. While developed at the same time Sir Henry’s process, however as Sir Henry explained to a representative of Mr. Osborne in the quote below, he publicized it first. I therefore handed this gentleman a copy of my Report, and desired him to read the account given of our process at page 6 of that Report, and to examine the copy of the Deed bound up with it, and not to show me the description of Mr. Osborne's process if it was differed from ours. After reading it, he said at once it was the same process, and I then told him it was useless for him to attempt to take out a patent as my printed Report had everywhere been circulated Sir Henry, despite being the person who oversaw and set up the photography department, was not the actual inventor. The head of the photography department at Southampton, Captain A. de C. Scott, did much of the ground work and basic development on photozincography. Sir Henry did acknowledge the work of Scott in the development and use of the system in the introduction to the photozincographied Domesday Book. Despite this it was Sir Henry who gained most of the public attention through his pamphlet on photozincography. He was knighted in 1861 for services to science. The use of photozincography at the Ordnance Survey was a great success, with Sir Henry claiming it saved over £2000 a year, from the invention of photo-zincography; the cost of producing a map of a rural district was reduced from 4 to 1 and maps of towns were reduced from 9 to 1. It was also claimed that up to 2000 or 3000 impressions could be taken from a single plate. Despite this, the process was not perfect: it did not reproduce a full colour picture, and until 1875 boys were employed to colour in the maps produced by this method. The process, while better than the pantagraph, still required a large amount of labour to prepare the zinc plates for pressing. However, photozincography began to be used fairly rapidly in Europe. Sir Henry was even honoured by the Queen of Spain. Though originally developed to reproduce maps, the process was eventually to be used on a whole series of manuscripts, to preserve them and make them more available to the public. This included a reproduction of Domesday Book in 1861–64 and several volumes of historical manuscripts. Whilst the process of photo-zincography was invented mostly for use the Ordnance Survey, The Photographic News stated that the process could also be used in the Patent office and would save vast amounts of time and money. The use of photozincography began to decline in the 1880s as better methods of reproductions were made available and in the 1900s the glasshouse was pulled down to make way for new printing presses. Photozincography Photozincography, sometimes referred to as heliozincography" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "FIU Panthers women's basketball The FIU Panthers women's basketball team represents Florida International University in women's basketball. The school competes in Conference USA in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Panthers play home basketball games at FIU Arena in University Park, Florida. They have won seven tournaments, 6 while in the Trans America Athletic Conference, and one while they played in the Sun Belt Conference. They also appeared in the NCAA Division II Tournament in 1983, 1986, and 1987. As of the end of the 2015–16 season, the Panthers have an all-time record of 692–466 since beginning play in 1975. All wins from the 2003–04 season (11) were vacated due to NCAA sanctions. FIU Panthers women's basketball The FIU Panthers women's basketball team represents Florida International University in women's basketball. The school competes in Conference USA in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Panthers play home basketball games at FIU Arena in University Park, Florida. They have won seven tournaments, 6 while in the Trans America Athletic Conference, and one while they played in the Sun Belt Conference. They also appeared in the NCAA Division II Tournament in 1983, 1986, and 1987." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Merola Opera Program Merola Opera Program is a San Francisco based training program for opera singers, coaches, and stage directors. Merola Opera Program is a world-renowned opera training and performance program for promising young artists. Named for San Francisco Opera's first general director, Gaetano Merola, the Merola Opera Program began during the 1954-55 season and established its full training program in 1957. Merola has served as a proving ground for hundreds of artists, including Brian Asawa, Gregory Carroll, Mark Delavan, John Del Carlo, Julianna Di Giacomo, Susan Graham, Thomas Hampson, Bryan Hymel, Gary Lakes, Joyce DiDonato, Sylvia McNair, Paula Murrihy, Anna Netrebko, Patricia Racette, Kurt Streit, Fernando del valle, Patrick Summers, Ruth Ann Swenson, Jess Thomas, Riki Turofsky, Ricardo Bernal, Carol Vaness, Rolando Villazón, Deborah Voigt, and Dolora Zajick. The Program annually offers approximately 30 artists the opportunity of studying, coaching, and participating in master classes with established professionals for eleven and twelve weeks during the summer (12 weeks for apprentice coaches and 11 weeks for singers). Participants also perform in two complete opera productions with orchestra and the Schwabacher Summer Concert. The program incorporates intensive training in operatic repertory languages, diction, acting and movement and culminates with the Merola Grand Finale, a concert with full orchestra at the War Memorial Opera House. Merola also enables young coach accompanists and stage directors of exceptional talent to develop skills through the apprentice coach and stage director programs. The Merola Opera Program is a financially independent 501(c)3 organization that operates in close collaboration with the San Francisco Opera Center and San Francisco Opera. The Merola Opera Program is free to its artists and is supported by contributions of individuals, foundations and government entities. The program covers the artists' travel, housing, weekly stipends and all training expenses. In addition, Merola alums may apply for Career Grants up to $12,000 for the five years following their participation in the program. The program began more than sixty years ago. On August 30, 1953, San Francisco Opera founder and first General Director, Gaetano Merola, died at Stern Grove while conducting a young American singer in \"Un bel di\" from \"Madama Butterfly\". Maestro Merola wanted to provide young American singers opportunities as little formal training was available in the United States at the time and scant audition opportunities existed on the west coast. This prompted Mrs. Leland Atherton Irish of the Opera Guild of Southern California to ask the new San Francisco Opera General Director, Kurt Herbert Adler, why young western singers had to go to New York to audition. The Merola Memorial Fund was used to underwrite the San Francisco Opera Debut Auditions, professional auditions for singers from the western United States. The first regional auditions were held in Los Angeles, Pasadena, Sacramento, San Diego, San Jose, and San Francisco. Two hundred thirty-seven young singers applied and two hundred twelve were auditioned. Fifteen singers advanced to the semi-finals, on June 2, 1954. The eight finalists went on to the first San Francisco Opera Debut Auditions which took place at KNBC studios on June 13 and were broadest over KNBC. All historical content excerpted from. Merola Opera Program Merola Opera Program is a San Francisco based training program for opera singers, coaches, and stage directors. Merola Opera Program is a world-renowned opera training and performance program for promising young artists. Named for San Francisco Opera's first general director, Gaetano Merola, the Merola Opera Program began during the 1954-55 season and established its full training program in 1957. Merola has served as a proving ground for hundreds of artists, including Brian Asawa, Gregory Carroll, Mark Delavan, John Del" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Armegis Spearman Armegis O. Spearman(born April 5, 1978 in Oxford, Mississippi) is a former American football linebacker of the National Football League. Armegis (nicknamed \"Mego\") grew up in Bruce, Mississippi and was a member of the Bruce High School Trojan Football Team, earning honors as a High School All-American. He played college football at the University of Mississippi where he was selected named to the Freshman All-SEC team in 1996. In both his junior and senior seasons ('98 & '99), he earned All-SEC honors. After graduating with a B.A. in Business Administration, Spearman was invited to play in the Hula Bowl. However, he fell one vote short of being invited to the NFL Scouting Combine. Spearman said that his agent was contacted by several teams during the draft and was told continually that teams were considering drafting him, including the Green Bay Packers and New England Patriots in the third round. In the end, though, Spearman went undrafted. He received interest from 21 different teams. Spearman had been so impressed by his meetings with Cincinnati Bengals linebacker coach Mark Duffner that he chose to sign with the Bengals on a two-year contract with a $10,000 signing bonus. As soon as camp opened, Spearman impressed the Bengals coaching staff with his size, strength, and instincts. He began his rookie season playing primarily on special teams, but after an injury to starting middle linebacker Brian Simmons, Spearman was inserted into the starting lineup and had an outstanding season, logging 70 tackles. He was selected to the 2000 NFL All-Rookie Team. Coming off such a promising rookie campaign, Spearman was poised to become a centerpiece in the Bengals defense. However, he suffered a torn pectoral muscle and missed the entire 2001 season. Again, in 2002, he was bitten by the injury bug. After overcoming a hamstring injury suffered in the preseason finale, Spearman appeared in only seven games when an ankle injury landed him back on Injured Reserve on November 1, 2002. As a restricted free agent after the 2002 season, Spearman received an offer of $550,000 from the Packers. The Bengals elected to match the offer and retain him. However, Spearman struggled with injuries throughout training camp and was released by first year head coach Marvin Lewis. Two days later, Spearman was signed by the Houston Texans. However, he was released by the Texans on September 10, 2003. On April 14, 2004, the Packers signed Spearman. He was released the day before training camp started, and his professional career was essentially over. In August 2012, Spearman was hired by Central Methodist University, an NAIA school in Fayette, Missouri, to be their linebackers coach. He currently works as a Learning Specialist helping student-athletes at his former alma mater, the University of Mississippi. Armegis Spearman Armegis O. Spearman(born April 5, 1978 in Oxford, Mississippi) is a former American football linebacker of the National Football League. Armegis (nicknamed \"Mego\") grew up in Bruce, Mississippi and was a member of the Bruce High School Trojan Football" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "High Fidelity (song) \"High Fidelity\" is a song written by Elvis Costello and performed by Costello and the Attractions on their 1980 album, \"Get Happy!!\". Written in 1979, the song was released as the second single from the album and reached number 30 in the UK charts. The b-side was a cover of the Van McCoy song \"Getting Mighty Crowded\". In his autobiography, Costello described \"High Fidelity as, \"an incredibly sad, delusion of a song, in which a couple find themselves in different rooms with different lovers, one of them still irrationally believing their pledge will endure both the initial faithlessness and the solace of revenge.\" It was first played as a \"lumbering\" version on the 1979 American Armed Funk tour. Costello later said, \"This is a pretty exciting record. It's very raw singing and a great rhythm track. We cut it in Holland, where we had nothing else to do but go mad in the studio.\" The opening line of the song, \"Some things you never get used to\", is a reference to the song of the same name by Diana Ross & the Supremes on the Motown label. Reviewed at the time of release, Rolling Stone said, \"Even as Costello whispers menacingly, the tune's tense, martial beat propels him toward the inevitable realization that he doesn't have any choice. He accepts his fate, yet he isn't resigned to it. Not by a long shot.\" AllMusic declared it a \"full-fledged masterpiece\". The Trouser Press said, \"\"High Fidelity\" is a dynamic song (with a bit of Four Tops sound) delivered with convincing grit and wit, and stands as one of Get Happy!!'s high spots. High Fidelity (song) \"High Fidelity\" is a song written by Elvis Costello and performed by Costello and the Attractions on their 1980 album, \"Get Happy!!\". Written" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Kushtrim Mushica Kushtrim Mushica (Serbian: Kuštrim Mušica) (born 1 May 1985) is a Kosovar professional footballer. Mushica was born in Pristina, SR Serbia, in modern-day Kosovo, which was part of Yugoslavia at the time, he began playing football in 1991 with local side KF Ramiz Sadiku at the age of 6. He remained at the club until the Kosovo War led him to move away to Turkey at the age of 14 to live with relatives for three months while his father and older brother remained in Prishtinë. He returned to his hometown once his father deemed Prishtinë to be reasonably safe, and soon after the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia came that ultimately ended the war. Following the end of the war, he joined FC Prishtina, the club he had supported as a child, and he was eventually promoted to the first team in 2002 at the age of just 17. He joined newly promoted Albanian Superliga side Bylis Ballsh on 21 August 2015 as a free agent. Kushtrim Mushica Kushtrim Mushica (Serbian: Kuštrim Mušica) (born 1 May 1985) is a Kosovar professional footballer. Mushica was born in Pristina, SR Serbia, in modern-day Kosovo, which was part of Yugoslavia at" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Julian von Haacke Julian von Haacke (born 14 February 1994) is a footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for SV Meppen, on loan from Darmstadt 98, in the 3. Liga. Von Haacke was born in Bremen, Germany on 14 February 1994. Von Haacke was with Post SV Bremen from 1998 to 2005 and Union 60 Bremen from 2005 to 2006 before joining Werder Bremen on 1 July 2006. Von Haacke made his debut for the club's reserves in a 1–0 loss to SV Meppen on 11 August 2013. He finished the 2013–14 season with three goals in 27 appearances. During the 2014–15 season, von Haacke only made five league appearances scoring one goal and two appearances in the promotional playoff being sidelined with a cruciate ligament injury for most of the season. Werder Bremen II were promoted to the 3. Liga for the 2015–16 season where von Haacke made his professional debut in a 2–1 win against Hansa Rostock on 25 July 2015. In June 2016, von Haacke signed a three-year contract with Eredivisie side NEC. In June 2017, von Haacke moved to 2. Bundesliga club SV Darmstadt 98 on a three-year contract, joining up with manager Torsten Frings who managed him as assistant coach to Viktor Skrypnyk in Werder Bremen's reserve team. The transfer fee was not disclosed. Von Haacke was released from Darmstadt's training in summer 2018 and occasionally trained with the Werder Bremen reserves in July and August. On 22 August 2018, he moved to 3. Liga side SV Meppen on loan for the 2018–19 season. Julian von Haacke Julian von Haacke (born 14 February 1994) is a footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for SV Meppen, on loan from Darmstadt 98, in the 3. Liga. Von Haacke was born in Bremen, Germany on 14" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "John E. Pepper Jr. John E. Pepper Jr. (born August 2, 1938) is an American businessman. He served as Chief Executive Officer and/or Chairman of Procter & Gamble from 1995 to 2002. He was also CEO of the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center, and until 2012 served as the Chairman of the Board of The Walt Disney Company. John E. Pepper Jr. was born August 2, 1938 in Pottsville, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Portsmouth Abbey School (then Portsmouth Priory) in Rhode Island, then graduated from Yale University in 1960, where he served on the board of the \"Yale Daily News\". From 1963 to 2003, he served in various positions at Procter & Gamble, including Chairman of the Board from 2000 to 2002, and CEO. He served as Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors of The Procter & Gamble Company until December 2003. He then served as Vice President of finance and administration at Yale University from January 2004 to December 2005. He was a director of The Walt Disney Company beginning in 2006 (Chairman from 2007-2012) and of Boloco from 2007 to 2015, a Boston-based restaurant chain that his son John co-founded in 1997. He served as a fellow of the Yale Corporation from 1995 to 2003, including two years as senior fellow, and also served as a member of the Advisory Committee of the Yale School of Management. He now serves on the Board of Trustees of Xavier University. He also serves on the boards of Boston Scientific and Motorola. He is a member of the executive committee of the Cincinnati Youth Collaborative, and he sits on the boards of the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy and the Partnership for a Drug-Free America. He was inducted into the Junior Achievement U.S. Business Hall of Fame in 2008. John E. Pepper Jr. John E. Pepper Jr. (born August 2, 1938) is an American businessman. He served as Chief Executive Officer and/or Chairman of Procter & Gamble from 1995 to 2002. He was also CEO of the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center, and until 2012 served as the Chairman of the Board of The Walt Disney Company. John E. Pepper Jr. was born August 2, 1938 in Pottsville, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Portsmouth Abbey School (then Portsmouth Priory) in Rhode Island, then graduated from Yale University in 1960, where he served on the board of the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.