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Which team did Paul Hinshelwood play for in Jul, 1979?
|
July 25, 1979
|
{
"text": [
"Crystal Palace F.C.",
"England national under-21 association football team"
]
}
|
L2_Q7151304_P54_1
|
Paul Hinshelwood plays for England national under-21 association football team from Jan, 1977 to Jan, 1980.
Paul Hinshelwood plays for Crystal Palace F.C. from Jan, 1973 to Jan, 1983.
Paul Hinshelwood plays for Millwall F.C. from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1986.
Paul Hinshelwood plays for Oxford United F.C. from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 1984.
Paul Hinshelwood plays for Colchester United F.C. from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1988.
|
Paul HinshelwoodPaul Hinshelwood (born 14 August 1956, in Bristol, England) is an English retired footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace, Oxford United, Millwall and Colchester United. He gained representative honours with the England under-21 team and also played and managed in non-league football. His sons Adam and Paul jr were also professional footballers.Hinshelwood grew up in Croydon, and in 1969, along with his brother Martin, played in the final of the London FA Schools Cup, watched by former Crystal Palace manager Arthur Rowe. Rowe was impressed, and the brothers were invited for trials with the club. Both performed well, and were taken on as apprentices."Doris", as he was known by the fans, although his dressing room nickname was "Fish", originally began as a striker, but did not play that well in the role. In November 1976, Hinshelwood switched to playing at right-back. Along with future England left-back Kenny Sansom, he shored up the Palace defence, and the club were promoted twice in three seasons, to reach the First Division in 1979. In that season, Hinshelwood only missed one game, as Palace went up as champions.Palace spent two years in the top flight, and Hinshelwood was voted as the fans' "Player of the Year" for both. As well as this, he gained two caps for the England under-21 side.Hinshelwood left Palace in 1983, transferring to Oxford United. There, he won the Third Division title for the first time (Palace had only gone up in third place). He then transferred back to south-London, to Millwall, where he won promotion to Division 2. He was the sold for a nominal sum along with Nicky Chatterton to Colchester United and then went to non-league clubs Basildon United, Dartford and Chelmsford City.Later, he would reunite with former Palace teammate Steve Kember, as his assistant at Whyteleafe, and would become their manager after Kember left to take up a coaching role at Palace.Hinshelwood's family also have a strong footballing background. His father Wally was a professional footballer in the 1950s and '60s, most notably at Reading and Bristol City. His older brother Martin played for Crystal Palace before his career was cut short because of injury, and is currently Director of Football at Brighton. Paul's son Adam is also a retired professional and his son Paul Jr. also had a football career. His nephew (Martin Hinshelwood's son) Danny also had a brief career in professional football.In 2005, Paul was named in Palace's Centenary XI.
|
[
"Oxford United F.C.",
"Millwall F.C.",
"Colchester United F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Paul Hinshelwood play for in Feb, 1983?
|
February 26, 1983
|
{
"text": [
"Oxford United F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q7151304_P54_2
|
Paul Hinshelwood plays for England national under-21 association football team from Jan, 1977 to Jan, 1980.
Paul Hinshelwood plays for Oxford United F.C. from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 1984.
Paul Hinshelwood plays for Millwall F.C. from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1986.
Paul Hinshelwood plays for Colchester United F.C. from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1988.
Paul Hinshelwood plays for Crystal Palace F.C. from Jan, 1973 to Jan, 1983.
|
Paul HinshelwoodPaul Hinshelwood (born 14 August 1956, in Bristol, England) is an English retired footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace, Oxford United, Millwall and Colchester United. He gained representative honours with the England under-21 team and also played and managed in non-league football. His sons Adam and Paul jr were also professional footballers.Hinshelwood grew up in Croydon, and in 1969, along with his brother Martin, played in the final of the London FA Schools Cup, watched by former Crystal Palace manager Arthur Rowe. Rowe was impressed, and the brothers were invited for trials with the club. Both performed well, and were taken on as apprentices."Doris", as he was known by the fans, although his dressing room nickname was "Fish", originally began as a striker, but did not play that well in the role. In November 1976, Hinshelwood switched to playing at right-back. Along with future England left-back Kenny Sansom, he shored up the Palace defence, and the club were promoted twice in three seasons, to reach the First Division in 1979. In that season, Hinshelwood only missed one game, as Palace went up as champions.Palace spent two years in the top flight, and Hinshelwood was voted as the fans' "Player of the Year" for both. As well as this, he gained two caps for the England under-21 side.Hinshelwood left Palace in 1983, transferring to Oxford United. There, he won the Third Division title for the first time (Palace had only gone up in third place). He then transferred back to south-London, to Millwall, where he won promotion to Division 2. He was the sold for a nominal sum along with Nicky Chatterton to Colchester United and then went to non-league clubs Basildon United, Dartford and Chelmsford City.Later, he would reunite with former Palace teammate Steve Kember, as his assistant at Whyteleafe, and would become their manager after Kember left to take up a coaching role at Palace.Hinshelwood's family also have a strong footballing background. His father Wally was a professional footballer in the 1950s and '60s, most notably at Reading and Bristol City. His older brother Martin played for Crystal Palace before his career was cut short because of injury, and is currently Director of Football at Brighton. Paul's son Adam is also a retired professional and his son Paul Jr. also had a football career. His nephew (Martin Hinshelwood's son) Danny also had a brief career in professional football.In 2005, Paul was named in Palace's Centenary XI.
|
[
"Crystal Palace F.C.",
"Millwall F.C.",
"England national under-21 association football team",
"Colchester United F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Paul Hinshelwood play for in Feb, 1985?
|
February 11, 1985
|
{
"text": [
"Millwall F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q7151304_P54_3
|
Paul Hinshelwood plays for England national under-21 association football team from Jan, 1977 to Jan, 1980.
Paul Hinshelwood plays for Millwall F.C. from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1986.
Paul Hinshelwood plays for Oxford United F.C. from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 1984.
Paul Hinshelwood plays for Crystal Palace F.C. from Jan, 1973 to Jan, 1983.
Paul Hinshelwood plays for Colchester United F.C. from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1988.
|
Paul HinshelwoodPaul Hinshelwood (born 14 August 1956, in Bristol, England) is an English retired footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace, Oxford United, Millwall and Colchester United. He gained representative honours with the England under-21 team and also played and managed in non-league football. His sons Adam and Paul jr were also professional footballers.Hinshelwood grew up in Croydon, and in 1969, along with his brother Martin, played in the final of the London FA Schools Cup, watched by former Crystal Palace manager Arthur Rowe. Rowe was impressed, and the brothers were invited for trials with the club. Both performed well, and were taken on as apprentices."Doris", as he was known by the fans, although his dressing room nickname was "Fish", originally began as a striker, but did not play that well in the role. In November 1976, Hinshelwood switched to playing at right-back. Along with future England left-back Kenny Sansom, he shored up the Palace defence, and the club were promoted twice in three seasons, to reach the First Division in 1979. In that season, Hinshelwood only missed one game, as Palace went up as champions.Palace spent two years in the top flight, and Hinshelwood was voted as the fans' "Player of the Year" for both. As well as this, he gained two caps for the England under-21 side.Hinshelwood left Palace in 1983, transferring to Oxford United. There, he won the Third Division title for the first time (Palace had only gone up in third place). He then transferred back to south-London, to Millwall, where he won promotion to Division 2. He was the sold for a nominal sum along with Nicky Chatterton to Colchester United and then went to non-league clubs Basildon United, Dartford and Chelmsford City.Later, he would reunite with former Palace teammate Steve Kember, as his assistant at Whyteleafe, and would become their manager after Kember left to take up a coaching role at Palace.Hinshelwood's family also have a strong footballing background. His father Wally was a professional footballer in the 1950s and '60s, most notably at Reading and Bristol City. His older brother Martin played for Crystal Palace before his career was cut short because of injury, and is currently Director of Football at Brighton. Paul's son Adam is also a retired professional and his son Paul Jr. also had a football career. His nephew (Martin Hinshelwood's son) Danny also had a brief career in professional football.In 2005, Paul was named in Palace's Centenary XI.
|
[
"Crystal Palace F.C.",
"Oxford United F.C.",
"England national under-21 association football team",
"Colchester United F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Paul Hinshelwood play for in Apr, 1987?
|
April 22, 1987
|
{
"text": [
"Colchester United F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q7151304_P54_4
|
Paul Hinshelwood plays for Crystal Palace F.C. from Jan, 1973 to Jan, 1983.
Paul Hinshelwood plays for England national under-21 association football team from Jan, 1977 to Jan, 1980.
Paul Hinshelwood plays for Oxford United F.C. from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 1984.
Paul Hinshelwood plays for Colchester United F.C. from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1988.
Paul Hinshelwood plays for Millwall F.C. from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1986.
|
Paul HinshelwoodPaul Hinshelwood (born 14 August 1956, in Bristol, England) is an English retired footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace, Oxford United, Millwall and Colchester United. He gained representative honours with the England under-21 team and also played and managed in non-league football. His sons Adam and Paul jr were also professional footballers.Hinshelwood grew up in Croydon, and in 1969, along with his brother Martin, played in the final of the London FA Schools Cup, watched by former Crystal Palace manager Arthur Rowe. Rowe was impressed, and the brothers were invited for trials with the club. Both performed well, and were taken on as apprentices."Doris", as he was known by the fans, although his dressing room nickname was "Fish", originally began as a striker, but did not play that well in the role. In November 1976, Hinshelwood switched to playing at right-back. Along with future England left-back Kenny Sansom, he shored up the Palace defence, and the club were promoted twice in three seasons, to reach the First Division in 1979. In that season, Hinshelwood only missed one game, as Palace went up as champions.Palace spent two years in the top flight, and Hinshelwood was voted as the fans' "Player of the Year" for both. As well as this, he gained two caps for the England under-21 side.Hinshelwood left Palace in 1983, transferring to Oxford United. There, he won the Third Division title for the first time (Palace had only gone up in third place). He then transferred back to south-London, to Millwall, where he won promotion to Division 2. He was the sold for a nominal sum along with Nicky Chatterton to Colchester United and then went to non-league clubs Basildon United, Dartford and Chelmsford City.Later, he would reunite with former Palace teammate Steve Kember, as his assistant at Whyteleafe, and would become their manager after Kember left to take up a coaching role at Palace.Hinshelwood's family also have a strong footballing background. His father Wally was a professional footballer in the 1950s and '60s, most notably at Reading and Bristol City. His older brother Martin played for Crystal Palace before his career was cut short because of injury, and is currently Director of Football at Brighton. Paul's son Adam is also a retired professional and his son Paul Jr. also had a football career. His nephew (Martin Hinshelwood's son) Danny also had a brief career in professional football.In 2005, Paul was named in Palace's Centenary XI.
|
[
"Crystal Palace F.C.",
"Oxford United F.C.",
"Millwall F.C.",
"England national under-21 association football team"
] |
|
Which employer did Sonja Brentjes work for in Mar, 1981?
|
March 12, 1981
|
{
"text": [
"Leipzig University"
]
}
|
L2_Q14525458_P108_0
|
Sonja Brentjes works for Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007.
Sonja Brentjes works for Leipzig University from Jan, 1976 to Jan, 1997.
Sonja Brentjes works for Goethe University Frankfurt from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2002.
Sonja Brentjes works for University of Oklahoma from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
|
Sonja BrentjesSonja Brentjes (born 1951) is a German historian of science, historian of mathematics, and historian of cartography known for her work on mapmapking and mathematics in medieval Islam.Brentjes is the daughter of archaeologists, orientalists, and Islamists and Helga Wilke Brentjes.She earned a diploma in mathematics from TU Dresden in 1973 and completed her doctorate (Dr. rer. nat.) there in 1977. Her doctoral dissertation, "Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der linearen Optimierung von den Anfängen zur Konstituierung als selbständige mathematische Theorie - eine Studie zum Problem der Entstehung mathematischer Disziplinen im 20. Jahrhundert", concerned the history of linear programming, and was supervised by Hans Wussing. She earned a second diploma in Near Eastern studies in 1982 from Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, a second doctorate (Dr. sc. nat.) from Leipzig University in 1989, and a habilitation from Leipzig University in 1991.She worked as an assistant professor in the Karl Sudhoff Institute for the History of Medicine and Sciences at Leipzig University from 1976 to 1997, with tenure beginning in 1980. After holding a sequence of research positions at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Institute for the History of Science at Goethe University Frankfurt, and University of Oklahoma, she became an associate professor at the Aga Khan University Institute for the Study of Muslim Civilisations in 2004. Since 2007 she has been a researcher at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, the University of Seville, and the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, where she has been affiliated since 2012.Brentjes became a corresponding member of the International Academy of the History of Science in 1995, and a full member in 2002.Brentjes' books include:
|
[
"Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich",
"Goethe University Frankfurt",
"University of Oklahoma"
] |
|
Which employer did Sonja Brentjes work for in Jun, 2001?
|
June 22, 2001
|
{
"text": [
"Goethe University Frankfurt"
]
}
|
L2_Q14525458_P108_1
|
Sonja Brentjes works for University of Oklahoma from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Sonja Brentjes works for Goethe University Frankfurt from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2002.
Sonja Brentjes works for Leipzig University from Jan, 1976 to Jan, 1997.
Sonja Brentjes works for Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007.
|
Sonja BrentjesSonja Brentjes (born 1951) is a German historian of science, historian of mathematics, and historian of cartography known for her work on mapmapking and mathematics in medieval Islam.Brentjes is the daughter of archaeologists, orientalists, and Islamists and Helga Wilke Brentjes.She earned a diploma in mathematics from TU Dresden in 1973 and completed her doctorate (Dr. rer. nat.) there in 1977. Her doctoral dissertation, "Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der linearen Optimierung von den Anfängen zur Konstituierung als selbständige mathematische Theorie - eine Studie zum Problem der Entstehung mathematischer Disziplinen im 20. Jahrhundert", concerned the history of linear programming, and was supervised by Hans Wussing. She earned a second diploma in Near Eastern studies in 1982 from Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, a second doctorate (Dr. sc. nat.) from Leipzig University in 1989, and a habilitation from Leipzig University in 1991.She worked as an assistant professor in the Karl Sudhoff Institute for the History of Medicine and Sciences at Leipzig University from 1976 to 1997, with tenure beginning in 1980. After holding a sequence of research positions at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Institute for the History of Science at Goethe University Frankfurt, and University of Oklahoma, she became an associate professor at the Aga Khan University Institute for the Study of Muslim Civilisations in 2004. Since 2007 she has been a researcher at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, the University of Seville, and the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, where she has been affiliated since 2012.Brentjes became a corresponding member of the International Academy of the History of Science in 1995, and a full member in 2002.Brentjes' books include:
|
[
"Leipzig University",
"Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich",
"University of Oklahoma"
] |
|
Which employer did Sonja Brentjes work for in Nov, 2002?
|
November 24, 2002
|
{
"text": [
"University of Oklahoma"
]
}
|
L2_Q14525458_P108_2
|
Sonja Brentjes works for Leipzig University from Jan, 1976 to Jan, 1997.
Sonja Brentjes works for Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007.
Sonja Brentjes works for University of Oklahoma from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Sonja Brentjes works for Goethe University Frankfurt from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2002.
|
Sonja BrentjesSonja Brentjes (born 1951) is a German historian of science, historian of mathematics, and historian of cartography known for her work on mapmapking and mathematics in medieval Islam.Brentjes is the daughter of archaeologists, orientalists, and Islamists and Helga Wilke Brentjes.She earned a diploma in mathematics from TU Dresden in 1973 and completed her doctorate (Dr. rer. nat.) there in 1977. Her doctoral dissertation, "Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der linearen Optimierung von den Anfängen zur Konstituierung als selbständige mathematische Theorie - eine Studie zum Problem der Entstehung mathematischer Disziplinen im 20. Jahrhundert", concerned the history of linear programming, and was supervised by Hans Wussing. She earned a second diploma in Near Eastern studies in 1982 from Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, a second doctorate (Dr. sc. nat.) from Leipzig University in 1989, and a habilitation from Leipzig University in 1991.She worked as an assistant professor in the Karl Sudhoff Institute for the History of Medicine and Sciences at Leipzig University from 1976 to 1997, with tenure beginning in 1980. After holding a sequence of research positions at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Institute for the History of Science at Goethe University Frankfurt, and University of Oklahoma, she became an associate professor at the Aga Khan University Institute for the Study of Muslim Civilisations in 2004. Since 2007 she has been a researcher at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, the University of Seville, and the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, where she has been affiliated since 2012.Brentjes became a corresponding member of the International Academy of the History of Science in 1995, and a full member in 2002.Brentjes' books include:
|
[
"Leipzig University",
"Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich",
"Goethe University Frankfurt"
] |
|
Which employer did Sonja Brentjes work for in Jan, 2007?
|
January 01, 2007
|
{
"text": [
"Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich"
]
}
|
L2_Q14525458_P108_3
|
Sonja Brentjes works for Goethe University Frankfurt from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2002.
Sonja Brentjes works for Leipzig University from Jan, 1976 to Jan, 1997.
Sonja Brentjes works for Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007.
Sonja Brentjes works for University of Oklahoma from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
|
Sonja BrentjesSonja Brentjes (born 1951) is a German historian of science, historian of mathematics, and historian of cartography known for her work on mapmapking and mathematics in medieval Islam.Brentjes is the daughter of archaeologists, orientalists, and Islamists and Helga Wilke Brentjes.She earned a diploma in mathematics from TU Dresden in 1973 and completed her doctorate (Dr. rer. nat.) there in 1977. Her doctoral dissertation, "Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der linearen Optimierung von den Anfängen zur Konstituierung als selbständige mathematische Theorie - eine Studie zum Problem der Entstehung mathematischer Disziplinen im 20. Jahrhundert", concerned the history of linear programming, and was supervised by Hans Wussing. She earned a second diploma in Near Eastern studies in 1982 from Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, a second doctorate (Dr. sc. nat.) from Leipzig University in 1989, and a habilitation from Leipzig University in 1991.She worked as an assistant professor in the Karl Sudhoff Institute for the History of Medicine and Sciences at Leipzig University from 1976 to 1997, with tenure beginning in 1980. After holding a sequence of research positions at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Institute for the History of Science at Goethe University Frankfurt, and University of Oklahoma, she became an associate professor at the Aga Khan University Institute for the Study of Muslim Civilisations in 2004. Since 2007 she has been a researcher at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, the University of Seville, and the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, where she has been affiliated since 2012.Brentjes became a corresponding member of the International Academy of the History of Science in 1995, and a full member in 2002.Brentjes' books include:
|
[
"Leipzig University",
"Goethe University Frankfurt",
"University of Oklahoma"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team Ivory Coast national football team in Aug, 2010?
|
August 02, 2010
|
{
"text": [
"Sven-Göran Eriksson"
]
}
|
L2_Q175145_P286_0
|
Patrice Beaumelle is the head coach of Ivory Coast national football team from Mar, 2020 to Dec, 2022.
Sven-Göran Eriksson is the head coach of Ivory Coast national football team from Mar, 2010 to Aug, 2010.
Ibrahim Kamara is the head coach of Ivory Coast national football team from Jul, 2018 to Feb, 2020.
|
Ivory Coast national football teamThe Ivory Coast national football team (French: "Équipe de football de Côte d'Ivoire"), represents Ivory Coast, formally the Republic of Cote d'Ivoire, in men's international football. Nicknamed "the Elephants", the team is managed by the Ivorian Football Federation (FIF). Until 2005, their greatest accomplishment was winning the 1992 African Cup of Nations against Ghana on penalties at the Stade Léopold Sédar Senghor in Dakar, Senegal. Their second success came in the 2015, again defeating Ghana on penalties in Bata, Equatorial Guinea, The team represents both FIFA and Confederation of African Football (CAF).The team had their best run between 2006 and 2014 when they qualified for three consecutive FIFA World Cups.The team played its first international match against Dahomey, now known as Benin, which they won 32 on 13 April 1960 in Madagascar.The team took a large 110 victory against the Central African Republic. In 1961 the team made their first appearance in the Africa Cup of Nations. After gaining independence from France, the team finished third in the 1963 and 1965 tournaments.Ivory Coat's performances in the 1970s were mixed. In the 1970 African Cup of Nations, the team finished top of their group, but lost to Ghana - the powerhouses of African football at the time - in the semi-finals, and went on to finish 4th after losing the third-place play-off to the United Arab Republic (now Egypt). They failed to qualify for the 1972 edition, losing 4-3 to Congo-Brazzaville in the final qualifying round. They qualified in 1974 but finished bottom of their group with only a single point, then failed to qualify in 1976, again losing to Congo-Brazzaville (now simply known as the Congo) in the first round.The team initially qualified for 1978, beating Mali 2-1 on aggregate, but were disqualified for fielding an ineligible player in the second leg. Mali were also disqualified, due to police and stadium security assaulting the match officials during the first leg, and so Upper Volta, who Ivory Coast had beaten in the first qualifying round, inherited their place.In 1984, the team hosted the African Cup of Nations for the first time, but failed to get out of their group. In 1986, they narrowly qualified from their group on goals scored, and went on to finish third once more, beating Morocco 3-2 in the third-place play-off.At the 1992 Africa Cup of Nations, Ivory Coast beat Algeria 30 and drew 00 with Congo to finish top of their group. An extra-time victory over Zambia and a penalty shoot-out win over Cameroon took them to the final for the first time, where they faced Ghana. The match again went to a penalty shoot-out, which became (at the time) the highest-scoring in international football; Ivory Coast eventually triumphed 11-10 to win the title for the first time. They were unable to defend their title in 1994, losing to Nigeria in the semi-finals.The Ivory Coast team is notable for having participated in (and won) the two highest-scoring penalty shoot-outs in international football competition — the 24-shot shoot-out in the final of the 1992 African Cup of Nations when Ghana was defeated 11–10, and the 24-shot shoot-out in the quarter-final of the 2006 African Cup of Nations, when Cameroon was defeated 12–11. In 2015, Ivory Coast once again defeated Ghana in the final of an 2015 African Cup of Nations with a 22-shot shoot-out, winning 9–8.In October 2005, Ivory Coast secured qualification for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, which was to be their first-ever appearance at the tournament. Having been drawn into a "Group of Death" that also featured Cameroon and Egypt, Ivory Coast went into the final match second behind Cameroon, but qualified after beating Sudan 3-1 while Cameroon could only draw with Egypt.In the tournament itself, Ivory Coast were drawn into another Group of Death, against Argentina, Holland, and Serbia and Montenegro. They lost 2-1 to Argentina - with Didier Drogba scoring the team's first-ever World Cup goal in the 82nd minute - and then 2-1 to the Netherlands, meaning they had already been eliminated by the time they played Serbia and Montenegro. Despite going 2-0 down after just 20 minutes, Ivory Coast came back to win 3-2, with Bonaventure Kalou scoring an 86th-minute penalty to give Ivory Coast their first-ever World Cup victory.After Uli Stielike left before the 2008 African Cup of Nations, due to his son's health, co-trainer Gerard Gili took his position. To compensate of the lack of another co-coach, Didier Drogba acted as a player-coach. This was only the second time that a player had also acted as a coach at the tournament, after George Weah was both player and coach for Liberia during the 2002 tournament.Ivory Coast qualified for the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa, and were again drawn in a "Group of Death", against five-time champions Brazil, Portugal, and North Korea. Having managed a 0-0 draw against Portugal, a 3-1 defeat to Brazil meant that in order to qualify from their group, they would have to beat North Korea, Brazil needed to beat Portugal, and (thanks to Portugal's 7-0 win over North Korea) there needed to be a substantial swing in goal difference. Ivory Coast won 3-0, but Portugal held Brazil to a 0-0 draw and Ivory Coast were once again eliminated in the group stages.The team made a third appearance in the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, where they were drawn in Group C against Colombia, Greece, and Japan. After coming from behind to beat Japan 2-1, Ivory Coast then lost 2-1 to Colombia, leaving their qualification in the balance. In their final match against Greece, the score was 1-1 going into stoppage time, and with Japan losing 4-1 to Colombia, Ivory Coast looked set to qualify. However, in the 93rd minute, Giovanni Sio gave away a penalty which Georgios Samaras converted, giving Greece both the victory and the place in the last 16; Ivory Coast, meanwhile, went out in the group stage for the third tournament in a row.The team's streak of World Cup qualifications came to an end at the 2018 tournament. Needing a win in their final match against Morocco, they instead lost 2-0, meaning Morocco qualified instead.The team play their home games at the Stade Félix Houphouët-Boigny, a 50,000-seater stadium in Abidjan.The following is a list of match results in the last twelve months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.The following players were selected for the friendly matches against Burkina Faso and Ghana on 5 and 12 June 2021."Caps and goals updated as of 12 June 2021, after the match against Ghana.The following players have also been called up to the squad within the last 12 months and are still eligible to represent.
|
[
"Ibrahim Kamara",
"Patrice Beaumelle"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team Ivory Coast national football team in Jan, 2019?
|
January 15, 2019
|
{
"text": [
"Ibrahim Kamara"
]
}
|
L2_Q175145_P286_1
|
Patrice Beaumelle is the head coach of Ivory Coast national football team from Mar, 2020 to Dec, 2022.
Ibrahim Kamara is the head coach of Ivory Coast national football team from Jul, 2018 to Feb, 2020.
Sven-Göran Eriksson is the head coach of Ivory Coast national football team from Mar, 2010 to Aug, 2010.
|
Ivory Coast national football teamThe Ivory Coast national football team (French: "Équipe de football de Côte d'Ivoire"), represents Ivory Coast, formally the Republic of Cote d'Ivoire, in men's international football. Nicknamed "the Elephants", the team is managed by the Ivorian Football Federation (FIF). Until 2005, their greatest accomplishment was winning the 1992 African Cup of Nations against Ghana on penalties at the Stade Léopold Sédar Senghor in Dakar, Senegal. Their second success came in the 2015, again defeating Ghana on penalties in Bata, Equatorial Guinea, The team represents both FIFA and Confederation of African Football (CAF).The team had their best run between 2006 and 2014 when they qualified for three consecutive FIFA World Cups.The team played its first international match against Dahomey, now known as Benin, which they won 32 on 13 April 1960 in Madagascar.The team took a large 110 victory against the Central African Republic. In 1961 the team made their first appearance in the Africa Cup of Nations. After gaining independence from France, the team finished third in the 1963 and 1965 tournaments.Ivory Coat's performances in the 1970s were mixed. In the 1970 African Cup of Nations, the team finished top of their group, but lost to Ghana - the powerhouses of African football at the time - in the semi-finals, and went on to finish 4th after losing the third-place play-off to the United Arab Republic (now Egypt). They failed to qualify for the 1972 edition, losing 4-3 to Congo-Brazzaville in the final qualifying round. They qualified in 1974 but finished bottom of their group with only a single point, then failed to qualify in 1976, again losing to Congo-Brazzaville (now simply known as the Congo) in the first round.The team initially qualified for 1978, beating Mali 2-1 on aggregate, but were disqualified for fielding an ineligible player in the second leg. Mali were also disqualified, due to police and stadium security assaulting the match officials during the first leg, and so Upper Volta, who Ivory Coast had beaten in the first qualifying round, inherited their place.In 1984, the team hosted the African Cup of Nations for the first time, but failed to get out of their group. In 1986, they narrowly qualified from their group on goals scored, and went on to finish third once more, beating Morocco 3-2 in the third-place play-off.At the 1992 Africa Cup of Nations, Ivory Coast beat Algeria 30 and drew 00 with Congo to finish top of their group. An extra-time victory over Zambia and a penalty shoot-out win over Cameroon took them to the final for the first time, where they faced Ghana. The match again went to a penalty shoot-out, which became (at the time) the highest-scoring in international football; Ivory Coast eventually triumphed 11-10 to win the title for the first time. They were unable to defend their title in 1994, losing to Nigeria in the semi-finals.The Ivory Coast team is notable for having participated in (and won) the two highest-scoring penalty shoot-outs in international football competition — the 24-shot shoot-out in the final of the 1992 African Cup of Nations when Ghana was defeated 11–10, and the 24-shot shoot-out in the quarter-final of the 2006 African Cup of Nations, when Cameroon was defeated 12–11. In 2015, Ivory Coast once again defeated Ghana in the final of an 2015 African Cup of Nations with a 22-shot shoot-out, winning 9–8.In October 2005, Ivory Coast secured qualification for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, which was to be their first-ever appearance at the tournament. Having been drawn into a "Group of Death" that also featured Cameroon and Egypt, Ivory Coast went into the final match second behind Cameroon, but qualified after beating Sudan 3-1 while Cameroon could only draw with Egypt.In the tournament itself, Ivory Coast were drawn into another Group of Death, against Argentina, Holland, and Serbia and Montenegro. They lost 2-1 to Argentina - with Didier Drogba scoring the team's first-ever World Cup goal in the 82nd minute - and then 2-1 to the Netherlands, meaning they had already been eliminated by the time they played Serbia and Montenegro. Despite going 2-0 down after just 20 minutes, Ivory Coast came back to win 3-2, with Bonaventure Kalou scoring an 86th-minute penalty to give Ivory Coast their first-ever World Cup victory.After Uli Stielike left before the 2008 African Cup of Nations, due to his son's health, co-trainer Gerard Gili took his position. To compensate of the lack of another co-coach, Didier Drogba acted as a player-coach. This was only the second time that a player had also acted as a coach at the tournament, after George Weah was both player and coach for Liberia during the 2002 tournament.Ivory Coast qualified for the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa, and were again drawn in a "Group of Death", against five-time champions Brazil, Portugal, and North Korea. Having managed a 0-0 draw against Portugal, a 3-1 defeat to Brazil meant that in order to qualify from their group, they would have to beat North Korea, Brazil needed to beat Portugal, and (thanks to Portugal's 7-0 win over North Korea) there needed to be a substantial swing in goal difference. Ivory Coast won 3-0, but Portugal held Brazil to a 0-0 draw and Ivory Coast were once again eliminated in the group stages.The team made a third appearance in the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, where they were drawn in Group C against Colombia, Greece, and Japan. After coming from behind to beat Japan 2-1, Ivory Coast then lost 2-1 to Colombia, leaving their qualification in the balance. In their final match against Greece, the score was 1-1 going into stoppage time, and with Japan losing 4-1 to Colombia, Ivory Coast looked set to qualify. However, in the 93rd minute, Giovanni Sio gave away a penalty which Georgios Samaras converted, giving Greece both the victory and the place in the last 16; Ivory Coast, meanwhile, went out in the group stage for the third tournament in a row.The team's streak of World Cup qualifications came to an end at the 2018 tournament. Needing a win in their final match against Morocco, they instead lost 2-0, meaning Morocco qualified instead.The team play their home games at the Stade Félix Houphouët-Boigny, a 50,000-seater stadium in Abidjan.The following is a list of match results in the last twelve months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.The following players were selected for the friendly matches against Burkina Faso and Ghana on 5 and 12 June 2021."Caps and goals updated as of 12 June 2021, after the match against Ghana.The following players have also been called up to the squad within the last 12 months and are still eligible to represent.
|
[
"Patrice Beaumelle",
"Sven-Göran Eriksson"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team Ivory Coast national football team in Oct, 2020?
|
October 13, 2020
|
{
"text": [
"Patrice Beaumelle"
]
}
|
L2_Q175145_P286_2
|
Patrice Beaumelle is the head coach of Ivory Coast national football team from Mar, 2020 to Dec, 2022.
Sven-Göran Eriksson is the head coach of Ivory Coast national football team from Mar, 2010 to Aug, 2010.
Ibrahim Kamara is the head coach of Ivory Coast national football team from Jul, 2018 to Feb, 2020.
|
Ivory Coast national football teamThe Ivory Coast national football team (French: "Équipe de football de Côte d'Ivoire"), represents Ivory Coast, formally the Republic of Cote d'Ivoire, in men's international football. Nicknamed "the Elephants", the team is managed by the Ivorian Football Federation (FIF). Until 2005, their greatest accomplishment was winning the 1992 African Cup of Nations against Ghana on penalties at the Stade Léopold Sédar Senghor in Dakar, Senegal. Their second success came in the 2015, again defeating Ghana on penalties in Bata, Equatorial Guinea, The team represents both FIFA and Confederation of African Football (CAF).The team had their best run between 2006 and 2014 when they qualified for three consecutive FIFA World Cups.The team played its first international match against Dahomey, now known as Benin, which they won 32 on 13 April 1960 in Madagascar.The team took a large 110 victory against the Central African Republic. In 1961 the team made their first appearance in the Africa Cup of Nations. After gaining independence from France, the team finished third in the 1963 and 1965 tournaments.Ivory Coat's performances in the 1970s were mixed. In the 1970 African Cup of Nations, the team finished top of their group, but lost to Ghana - the powerhouses of African football at the time - in the semi-finals, and went on to finish 4th after losing the third-place play-off to the United Arab Republic (now Egypt). They failed to qualify for the 1972 edition, losing 4-3 to Congo-Brazzaville in the final qualifying round. They qualified in 1974 but finished bottom of their group with only a single point, then failed to qualify in 1976, again losing to Congo-Brazzaville (now simply known as the Congo) in the first round.The team initially qualified for 1978, beating Mali 2-1 on aggregate, but were disqualified for fielding an ineligible player in the second leg. Mali were also disqualified, due to police and stadium security assaulting the match officials during the first leg, and so Upper Volta, who Ivory Coast had beaten in the first qualifying round, inherited their place.In 1984, the team hosted the African Cup of Nations for the first time, but failed to get out of their group. In 1986, they narrowly qualified from their group on goals scored, and went on to finish third once more, beating Morocco 3-2 in the third-place play-off.At the 1992 Africa Cup of Nations, Ivory Coast beat Algeria 30 and drew 00 with Congo to finish top of their group. An extra-time victory over Zambia and a penalty shoot-out win over Cameroon took them to the final for the first time, where they faced Ghana. The match again went to a penalty shoot-out, which became (at the time) the highest-scoring in international football; Ivory Coast eventually triumphed 11-10 to win the title for the first time. They were unable to defend their title in 1994, losing to Nigeria in the semi-finals.The Ivory Coast team is notable for having participated in (and won) the two highest-scoring penalty shoot-outs in international football competition — the 24-shot shoot-out in the final of the 1992 African Cup of Nations when Ghana was defeated 11–10, and the 24-shot shoot-out in the quarter-final of the 2006 African Cup of Nations, when Cameroon was defeated 12–11. In 2015, Ivory Coast once again defeated Ghana in the final of an 2015 African Cup of Nations with a 22-shot shoot-out, winning 9–8.In October 2005, Ivory Coast secured qualification for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, which was to be their first-ever appearance at the tournament. Having been drawn into a "Group of Death" that also featured Cameroon and Egypt, Ivory Coast went into the final match second behind Cameroon, but qualified after beating Sudan 3-1 while Cameroon could only draw with Egypt.In the tournament itself, Ivory Coast were drawn into another Group of Death, against Argentina, Holland, and Serbia and Montenegro. They lost 2-1 to Argentina - with Didier Drogba scoring the team's first-ever World Cup goal in the 82nd minute - and then 2-1 to the Netherlands, meaning they had already been eliminated by the time they played Serbia and Montenegro. Despite going 2-0 down after just 20 minutes, Ivory Coast came back to win 3-2, with Bonaventure Kalou scoring an 86th-minute penalty to give Ivory Coast their first-ever World Cup victory.After Uli Stielike left before the 2008 African Cup of Nations, due to his son's health, co-trainer Gerard Gili took his position. To compensate of the lack of another co-coach, Didier Drogba acted as a player-coach. This was only the second time that a player had also acted as a coach at the tournament, after George Weah was both player and coach for Liberia during the 2002 tournament.Ivory Coast qualified for the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa, and were again drawn in a "Group of Death", against five-time champions Brazil, Portugal, and North Korea. Having managed a 0-0 draw against Portugal, a 3-1 defeat to Brazil meant that in order to qualify from their group, they would have to beat North Korea, Brazil needed to beat Portugal, and (thanks to Portugal's 7-0 win over North Korea) there needed to be a substantial swing in goal difference. Ivory Coast won 3-0, but Portugal held Brazil to a 0-0 draw and Ivory Coast were once again eliminated in the group stages.The team made a third appearance in the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, where they were drawn in Group C against Colombia, Greece, and Japan. After coming from behind to beat Japan 2-1, Ivory Coast then lost 2-1 to Colombia, leaving their qualification in the balance. In their final match against Greece, the score was 1-1 going into stoppage time, and with Japan losing 4-1 to Colombia, Ivory Coast looked set to qualify. However, in the 93rd minute, Giovanni Sio gave away a penalty which Georgios Samaras converted, giving Greece both the victory and the place in the last 16; Ivory Coast, meanwhile, went out in the group stage for the third tournament in a row.The team's streak of World Cup qualifications came to an end at the 2018 tournament. Needing a win in their final match against Morocco, they instead lost 2-0, meaning Morocco qualified instead.The team play their home games at the Stade Félix Houphouët-Boigny, a 50,000-seater stadium in Abidjan.The following is a list of match results in the last twelve months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.The following players were selected for the friendly matches against Burkina Faso and Ghana on 5 and 12 June 2021."Caps and goals updated as of 12 June 2021, after the match against Ghana.The following players have also been called up to the squad within the last 12 months and are still eligible to represent.
|
[
"Ibrahim Kamara",
"Sven-Göran Eriksson"
] |
|
Which position did Andreas Cappelen hold in Feb, 1959?
|
February 23, 1959
|
{
"text": [
"Minister of Local Government and Regional Development"
]
}
|
L2_Q501324_P39_0
|
Andreas Cappelen holds the position of Foreign Minister of Norway from Mar, 1971 to Aug, 1972.
Andreas Cappelen holds the position of Minister of Local Government and Regional Development from Sep, 1958 to Feb, 1963.
Andreas Cappelen holds the position of Minister of Finance of Norway from Feb, 1963 to Aug, 1963.
Andreas Cappelen holds the position of Minister of Justice and Public Security from Oct, 1979 to Oct, 1980.
Andreas Cappelen holds the position of deputy member of the Parliament of Norway from Jan, 1961 to Jan, 1965.
|
Andreas Zeier CappelenAndreas Zeier Cappelen (31 January 1915 – 2 September 2008) was a Norwegian jurist and politician for the Labour Party. He was born in Vang, Hedmark.He held a variety of positions in different Norwegian cabinets. He was Minister of Local Government Affairs in 1958–1963 in the third cabinet Gerhardsen, Minister of Finance in 1963 and 1963–1965 only interrupted by the short-lived cabinet Lyng, Minister of Foreign Affairs in the first cabinet Bratteli in 1971–1972, and finally Minister of Justice 1979–1980 in the cabinet Nordli.As an elected politician he served in the position of deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Rogaland during the term 1961–1965. On the local level he was a member of Stavanger city council in the periods 1945–1947, 1951–1957, 1967–1971 and 1983–1987, serving as deputy mayor briefly in 1953. He was also a member of Rogaland county council from 1966 to 1969. He chaired the county party chapter from 1956 to 1957.Besides politics he worked as a lawyer and a judge, having graduated as cand.jur. in 1939.With his brothers he was a member of Mot Dag in the 1930s.
|
[
"Minister of Finance of Norway",
"Minister of Justice and Public Security",
"deputy member of the Parliament of Norway",
"Foreign Minister of Norway"
] |
|
Which position did Andreas Cappelen hold in Jan, 1961?
|
January 15, 1961
|
{
"text": [
"Minister of Local Government and Regional Development",
"deputy member of the Parliament of Norway"
]
}
|
L2_Q501324_P39_1
|
Andreas Cappelen holds the position of Minister of Finance of Norway from Feb, 1963 to Aug, 1963.
Andreas Cappelen holds the position of Minister of Justice and Public Security from Oct, 1979 to Oct, 1980.
Andreas Cappelen holds the position of deputy member of the Parliament of Norway from Jan, 1961 to Jan, 1965.
Andreas Cappelen holds the position of Foreign Minister of Norway from Mar, 1971 to Aug, 1972.
Andreas Cappelen holds the position of Minister of Local Government and Regional Development from Sep, 1958 to Feb, 1963.
|
Andreas Zeier CappelenAndreas Zeier Cappelen (31 January 1915 – 2 September 2008) was a Norwegian jurist and politician for the Labour Party. He was born in Vang, Hedmark.He held a variety of positions in different Norwegian cabinets. He was Minister of Local Government Affairs in 1958–1963 in the third cabinet Gerhardsen, Minister of Finance in 1963 and 1963–1965 only interrupted by the short-lived cabinet Lyng, Minister of Foreign Affairs in the first cabinet Bratteli in 1971–1972, and finally Minister of Justice 1979–1980 in the cabinet Nordli.As an elected politician he served in the position of deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Rogaland during the term 1961–1965. On the local level he was a member of Stavanger city council in the periods 1945–1947, 1951–1957, 1967–1971 and 1983–1987, serving as deputy mayor briefly in 1953. He was also a member of Rogaland county council from 1966 to 1969. He chaired the county party chapter from 1956 to 1957.Besides politics he worked as a lawyer and a judge, having graduated as cand.jur. in 1939.With his brothers he was a member of Mot Dag in the 1930s.
|
[
"Minister of Finance of Norway",
"Minister of Justice and Public Security",
"Foreign Minister of Norway"
] |
|
Which position did Andreas Cappelen hold in May, 1963?
|
May 28, 1963
|
{
"text": [
"Minister of Finance of Norway",
"deputy member of the Parliament of Norway"
]
}
|
L2_Q501324_P39_2
|
Andreas Cappelen holds the position of Minister of Justice and Public Security from Oct, 1979 to Oct, 1980.
Andreas Cappelen holds the position of Foreign Minister of Norway from Mar, 1971 to Aug, 1972.
Andreas Cappelen holds the position of Minister of Finance of Norway from Feb, 1963 to Aug, 1963.
Andreas Cappelen holds the position of Minister of Local Government and Regional Development from Sep, 1958 to Feb, 1963.
Andreas Cappelen holds the position of deputy member of the Parliament of Norway from Jan, 1961 to Jan, 1965.
|
Andreas Zeier CappelenAndreas Zeier Cappelen (31 January 1915 – 2 September 2008) was a Norwegian jurist and politician for the Labour Party. He was born in Vang, Hedmark.He held a variety of positions in different Norwegian cabinets. He was Minister of Local Government Affairs in 1958–1963 in the third cabinet Gerhardsen, Minister of Finance in 1963 and 1963–1965 only interrupted by the short-lived cabinet Lyng, Minister of Foreign Affairs in the first cabinet Bratteli in 1971–1972, and finally Minister of Justice 1979–1980 in the cabinet Nordli.As an elected politician he served in the position of deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Rogaland during the term 1961–1965. On the local level he was a member of Stavanger city council in the periods 1945–1947, 1951–1957, 1967–1971 and 1983–1987, serving as deputy mayor briefly in 1953. He was also a member of Rogaland county council from 1966 to 1969. He chaired the county party chapter from 1956 to 1957.Besides politics he worked as a lawyer and a judge, having graduated as cand.jur. in 1939.With his brothers he was a member of Mot Dag in the 1930s.
|
[
"Minister of Justice and Public Security",
"Minister of Local Government and Regional Development",
"Foreign Minister of Norway"
] |
|
Which position did Andreas Cappelen hold in May, 1971?
|
May 20, 1971
|
{
"text": [
"Foreign Minister of Norway"
]
}
|
L2_Q501324_P39_3
|
Andreas Cappelen holds the position of Minister of Local Government and Regional Development from Sep, 1958 to Feb, 1963.
Andreas Cappelen holds the position of Minister of Justice and Public Security from Oct, 1979 to Oct, 1980.
Andreas Cappelen holds the position of Minister of Finance of Norway from Feb, 1963 to Aug, 1963.
Andreas Cappelen holds the position of deputy member of the Parliament of Norway from Jan, 1961 to Jan, 1965.
Andreas Cappelen holds the position of Foreign Minister of Norway from Mar, 1971 to Aug, 1972.
|
Andreas Zeier CappelenAndreas Zeier Cappelen (31 January 1915 – 2 September 2008) was a Norwegian jurist and politician for the Labour Party. He was born in Vang, Hedmark.He held a variety of positions in different Norwegian cabinets. He was Minister of Local Government Affairs in 1958–1963 in the third cabinet Gerhardsen, Minister of Finance in 1963 and 1963–1965 only interrupted by the short-lived cabinet Lyng, Minister of Foreign Affairs in the first cabinet Bratteli in 1971–1972, and finally Minister of Justice 1979–1980 in the cabinet Nordli.As an elected politician he served in the position of deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Rogaland during the term 1961–1965. On the local level he was a member of Stavanger city council in the periods 1945–1947, 1951–1957, 1967–1971 and 1983–1987, serving as deputy mayor briefly in 1953. He was also a member of Rogaland county council from 1966 to 1969. He chaired the county party chapter from 1956 to 1957.Besides politics he worked as a lawyer and a judge, having graduated as cand.jur. in 1939.With his brothers he was a member of Mot Dag in the 1930s.
|
[
"Minister of Finance of Norway",
"Minister of Local Government and Regional Development",
"deputy member of the Parliament of Norway",
"Minister of Justice and Public Security"
] |
|
Which position did Andreas Cappelen hold in Feb, 1980?
|
February 08, 1980
|
{
"text": [
"Minister of Justice and Public Security"
]
}
|
L2_Q501324_P39_4
|
Andreas Cappelen holds the position of deputy member of the Parliament of Norway from Jan, 1961 to Jan, 1965.
Andreas Cappelen holds the position of Minister of Finance of Norway from Feb, 1963 to Aug, 1963.
Andreas Cappelen holds the position of Minister of Justice and Public Security from Oct, 1979 to Oct, 1980.
Andreas Cappelen holds the position of Minister of Local Government and Regional Development from Sep, 1958 to Feb, 1963.
Andreas Cappelen holds the position of Foreign Minister of Norway from Mar, 1971 to Aug, 1972.
|
Andreas Zeier CappelenAndreas Zeier Cappelen (31 January 1915 – 2 September 2008) was a Norwegian jurist and politician for the Labour Party. He was born in Vang, Hedmark.He held a variety of positions in different Norwegian cabinets. He was Minister of Local Government Affairs in 1958–1963 in the third cabinet Gerhardsen, Minister of Finance in 1963 and 1963–1965 only interrupted by the short-lived cabinet Lyng, Minister of Foreign Affairs in the first cabinet Bratteli in 1971–1972, and finally Minister of Justice 1979–1980 in the cabinet Nordli.As an elected politician he served in the position of deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Rogaland during the term 1961–1965. On the local level he was a member of Stavanger city council in the periods 1945–1947, 1951–1957, 1967–1971 and 1983–1987, serving as deputy mayor briefly in 1953. He was also a member of Rogaland county council from 1966 to 1969. He chaired the county party chapter from 1956 to 1957.Besides politics he worked as a lawyer and a judge, having graduated as cand.jur. in 1939.With his brothers he was a member of Mot Dag in the 1930s.
|
[
"Minister of Finance of Norway",
"Minister of Local Government and Regional Development",
"deputy member of the Parliament of Norway",
"Foreign Minister of Norway"
] |
|
Which position did Richard Ryder hold in Apr, 1795?
|
April 29, 1795
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 17th Parliament of Great Britain"
]
}
|
L2_Q7328800_P39_0
|
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1807 to Sep, 1812.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1826 to Jul, 1830.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1806 to Apr, 1807.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Home Secretary from Nov, 1809 to Jun, 1812.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1818 to Feb, 1820.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 17th Parliament of Great Britain from Feb, 1795 to May, 1796.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1802 to Oct, 1806.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 1st Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1801 to Jun, 1802.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1820 to Jun, 1826.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 18th Parliament of Great Britain from May, 1796 to Jan, 1801.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1812 to Jun, 1818.
|
Richard Ryder (politician, born 1766)Richard Ryder (5 July 1766 – 18 September 1832) was a British Tory politician. He notably served as Home Secretary between 1809 and 1812.Ryder was a younger son of Nathaniel Ryder, 1st Baron Harrowby and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of the Right Reverend Richard Terrick, Bishop of London. Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby, was his elder brother and the Right Reverend the Hon. Henry Ryder, Bishop of Coventry and of Lichfield, his younger brother. He was educated at St John’s College, Cambridge.Ryder sat as Member of Parliament for Tiverton from 1795 to 1830 and was sworn of the Privy Council in 1807. From 1809 to 1812 he served as Home Secretary under Spencer Perceval.Ryder married in 1799 Frederica, daughter of Sir John Skynner, from whom Ryder inherited the Great House in Great Milton, Oxfordshire in 1805. There were no surviving children from this marriage. Frederica died in August 1821. Ryder survived her by eleven years and died in September 1832, aged 66.
|
[
"Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 1st Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 18th Parliament of Great Britain",
"Home Secretary",
"Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Richard Ryder hold in Feb, 1797?
|
February 11, 1797
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 18th Parliament of Great Britain"
]
}
|
L2_Q7328800_P39_1
|
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1812 to Jun, 1818.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1820 to Jun, 1826.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 18th Parliament of Great Britain from May, 1796 to Jan, 1801.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 17th Parliament of Great Britain from Feb, 1795 to May, 1796.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 1st Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1801 to Jun, 1802.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Home Secretary from Nov, 1809 to Jun, 1812.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1826 to Jul, 1830.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1807 to Sep, 1812.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1802 to Oct, 1806.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1818 to Feb, 1820.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1806 to Apr, 1807.
|
Richard Ryder (politician, born 1766)Richard Ryder (5 July 1766 – 18 September 1832) was a British Tory politician. He notably served as Home Secretary between 1809 and 1812.Ryder was a younger son of Nathaniel Ryder, 1st Baron Harrowby and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of the Right Reverend Richard Terrick, Bishop of London. Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby, was his elder brother and the Right Reverend the Hon. Henry Ryder, Bishop of Coventry and of Lichfield, his younger brother. He was educated at St John’s College, Cambridge.Ryder sat as Member of Parliament for Tiverton from 1795 to 1830 and was sworn of the Privy Council in 1807. From 1809 to 1812 he served as Home Secretary under Spencer Perceval.Ryder married in 1799 Frederica, daughter of Sir John Skynner, from whom Ryder inherited the Great House in Great Milton, Oxfordshire in 1805. There were no surviving children from this marriage. Frederica died in August 1821. Ryder survived her by eleven years and died in September 1832, aged 66.
|
[
"Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 1st Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 17th Parliament of Great Britain",
"Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Home Secretary",
"Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Richard Ryder hold in Oct, 1801?
|
October 06, 1801
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 1st Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q7328800_P39_2
|
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 1st Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1801 to Jun, 1802.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1812 to Jun, 1818.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1826 to Jul, 1830.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1806 to Apr, 1807.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1820 to Jun, 1826.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 17th Parliament of Great Britain from Feb, 1795 to May, 1796.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1802 to Oct, 1806.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1807 to Sep, 1812.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Home Secretary from Nov, 1809 to Jun, 1812.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1818 to Feb, 1820.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 18th Parliament of Great Britain from May, 1796 to Jan, 1801.
|
Richard Ryder (politician, born 1766)Richard Ryder (5 July 1766 – 18 September 1832) was a British Tory politician. He notably served as Home Secretary between 1809 and 1812.Ryder was a younger son of Nathaniel Ryder, 1st Baron Harrowby and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of the Right Reverend Richard Terrick, Bishop of London. Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby, was his elder brother and the Right Reverend the Hon. Henry Ryder, Bishop of Coventry and of Lichfield, his younger brother. He was educated at St John’s College, Cambridge.Ryder sat as Member of Parliament for Tiverton from 1795 to 1830 and was sworn of the Privy Council in 1807. From 1809 to 1812 he served as Home Secretary under Spencer Perceval.Ryder married in 1799 Frederica, daughter of Sir John Skynner, from whom Ryder inherited the Great House in Great Milton, Oxfordshire in 1805. There were no surviving children from this marriage. Frederica died in August 1821. Ryder survived her by eleven years and died in September 1832, aged 66.
|
[
"Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 17th Parliament of Great Britain",
"Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 18th Parliament of Great Britain",
"Home Secretary",
"Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Richard Ryder hold in Sep, 1804?
|
September 23, 1804
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q7328800_P39_3
|
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 17th Parliament of Great Britain from Feb, 1795 to May, 1796.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 1st Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1801 to Jun, 1802.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1812 to Jun, 1818.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1826 to Jul, 1830.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1820 to Jun, 1826.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1806 to Apr, 1807.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 18th Parliament of Great Britain from May, 1796 to Jan, 1801.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1807 to Sep, 1812.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1818 to Feb, 1820.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Home Secretary from Nov, 1809 to Jun, 1812.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1802 to Oct, 1806.
|
Richard Ryder (politician, born 1766)Richard Ryder (5 July 1766 – 18 September 1832) was a British Tory politician. He notably served as Home Secretary between 1809 and 1812.Ryder was a younger son of Nathaniel Ryder, 1st Baron Harrowby and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of the Right Reverend Richard Terrick, Bishop of London. Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby, was his elder brother and the Right Reverend the Hon. Henry Ryder, Bishop of Coventry and of Lichfield, his younger brother. He was educated at St John’s College, Cambridge.Ryder sat as Member of Parliament for Tiverton from 1795 to 1830 and was sworn of the Privy Council in 1807. From 1809 to 1812 he served as Home Secretary under Spencer Perceval.Ryder married in 1799 Frederica, daughter of Sir John Skynner, from whom Ryder inherited the Great House in Great Milton, Oxfordshire in 1805. There were no surviving children from this marriage. Frederica died in August 1821. Ryder survived her by eleven years and died in September 1832, aged 66.
|
[
"Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 1st Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 17th Parliament of Great Britain",
"Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 18th Parliament of Great Britain",
"Home Secretary",
"Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Richard Ryder hold in Mar, 1807?
|
March 05, 1807
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q7328800_P39_4
|
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1802 to Oct, 1806.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1812 to Jun, 1818.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1807 to Sep, 1812.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Home Secretary from Nov, 1809 to Jun, 1812.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1818 to Feb, 1820.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 18th Parliament of Great Britain from May, 1796 to Jan, 1801.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 17th Parliament of Great Britain from Feb, 1795 to May, 1796.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1806 to Apr, 1807.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1820 to Jun, 1826.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 1st Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1801 to Jun, 1802.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1826 to Jul, 1830.
|
Richard Ryder (politician, born 1766)Richard Ryder (5 July 1766 – 18 September 1832) was a British Tory politician. He notably served as Home Secretary between 1809 and 1812.Ryder was a younger son of Nathaniel Ryder, 1st Baron Harrowby and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of the Right Reverend Richard Terrick, Bishop of London. Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby, was his elder brother and the Right Reverend the Hon. Henry Ryder, Bishop of Coventry and of Lichfield, his younger brother. He was educated at St John’s College, Cambridge.Ryder sat as Member of Parliament for Tiverton from 1795 to 1830 and was sworn of the Privy Council in 1807. From 1809 to 1812 he served as Home Secretary under Spencer Perceval.Ryder married in 1799 Frederica, daughter of Sir John Skynner, from whom Ryder inherited the Great House in Great Milton, Oxfordshire in 1805. There were no surviving children from this marriage. Frederica died in August 1821. Ryder survived her by eleven years and died in September 1832, aged 66.
|
[
"Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 1st Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 17th Parliament of Great Britain",
"Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 18th Parliament of Great Britain",
"Home Secretary",
"Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Richard Ryder hold in Dec, 1810?
|
December 18, 1810
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Home Secretary"
]
}
|
L2_Q7328800_P39_5
|
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1806 to Apr, 1807.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1802 to Oct, 1806.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1820 to Jun, 1826.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Home Secretary from Nov, 1809 to Jun, 1812.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1826 to Jul, 1830.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 1st Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1801 to Jun, 1802.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1812 to Jun, 1818.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 17th Parliament of Great Britain from Feb, 1795 to May, 1796.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1818 to Feb, 1820.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1807 to Sep, 1812.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 18th Parliament of Great Britain from May, 1796 to Jan, 1801.
|
Richard Ryder (politician, born 1766)Richard Ryder (5 July 1766 – 18 September 1832) was a British Tory politician. He notably served as Home Secretary between 1809 and 1812.Ryder was a younger son of Nathaniel Ryder, 1st Baron Harrowby and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of the Right Reverend Richard Terrick, Bishop of London. Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby, was his elder brother and the Right Reverend the Hon. Henry Ryder, Bishop of Coventry and of Lichfield, his younger brother. He was educated at St John’s College, Cambridge.Ryder sat as Member of Parliament for Tiverton from 1795 to 1830 and was sworn of the Privy Council in 1807. From 1809 to 1812 he served as Home Secretary under Spencer Perceval.Ryder married in 1799 Frederica, daughter of Sir John Skynner, from whom Ryder inherited the Great House in Great Milton, Oxfordshire in 1805. There were no surviving children from this marriage. Frederica died in August 1821. Ryder survived her by eleven years and died in September 1832, aged 66.
|
[
"Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 1st Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 17th Parliament of Great Britain",
"Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 18th Parliament of Great Britain",
"Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Richard Ryder hold in Jan, 1811?
|
January 07, 1811
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Home Secretary"
]
}
|
L2_Q7328800_P39_6
|
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1802 to Oct, 1806.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1820 to Jun, 1826.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 17th Parliament of Great Britain from Feb, 1795 to May, 1796.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1806 to Apr, 1807.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1826 to Jul, 1830.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1807 to Sep, 1812.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1818 to Feb, 1820.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 1st Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1801 to Jun, 1802.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 18th Parliament of Great Britain from May, 1796 to Jan, 1801.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1812 to Jun, 1818.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Home Secretary from Nov, 1809 to Jun, 1812.
|
Richard Ryder (politician, born 1766)Richard Ryder (5 July 1766 – 18 September 1832) was a British Tory politician. He notably served as Home Secretary between 1809 and 1812.Ryder was a younger son of Nathaniel Ryder, 1st Baron Harrowby and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of the Right Reverend Richard Terrick, Bishop of London. Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby, was his elder brother and the Right Reverend the Hon. Henry Ryder, Bishop of Coventry and of Lichfield, his younger brother. He was educated at St John’s College, Cambridge.Ryder sat as Member of Parliament for Tiverton from 1795 to 1830 and was sworn of the Privy Council in 1807. From 1809 to 1812 he served as Home Secretary under Spencer Perceval.Ryder married in 1799 Frederica, daughter of Sir John Skynner, from whom Ryder inherited the Great House in Great Milton, Oxfordshire in 1805. There were no surviving children from this marriage. Frederica died in August 1821. Ryder survived her by eleven years and died in September 1832, aged 66.
|
[
"Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 1st Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 17th Parliament of Great Britain",
"Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 18th Parliament of Great Britain",
"Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Richard Ryder hold in Feb, 1817?
|
February 03, 1817
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q7328800_P39_7
|
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1818 to Feb, 1820.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1826 to Jul, 1830.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 1st Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1801 to Jun, 1802.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 18th Parliament of Great Britain from May, 1796 to Jan, 1801.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Home Secretary from Nov, 1809 to Jun, 1812.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1807 to Sep, 1812.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1812 to Jun, 1818.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1806 to Apr, 1807.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1802 to Oct, 1806.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1820 to Jun, 1826.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 17th Parliament of Great Britain from Feb, 1795 to May, 1796.
|
Richard Ryder (politician, born 1766)Richard Ryder (5 July 1766 – 18 September 1832) was a British Tory politician. He notably served as Home Secretary between 1809 and 1812.Ryder was a younger son of Nathaniel Ryder, 1st Baron Harrowby and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of the Right Reverend Richard Terrick, Bishop of London. Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby, was his elder brother and the Right Reverend the Hon. Henry Ryder, Bishop of Coventry and of Lichfield, his younger brother. He was educated at St John’s College, Cambridge.Ryder sat as Member of Parliament for Tiverton from 1795 to 1830 and was sworn of the Privy Council in 1807. From 1809 to 1812 he served as Home Secretary under Spencer Perceval.Ryder married in 1799 Frederica, daughter of Sir John Skynner, from whom Ryder inherited the Great House in Great Milton, Oxfordshire in 1805. There were no surviving children from this marriage. Frederica died in August 1821. Ryder survived her by eleven years and died in September 1832, aged 66.
|
[
"Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 1st Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 17th Parliament of Great Britain",
"Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 18th Parliament of Great Britain",
"Home Secretary",
"Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Richard Ryder hold in Oct, 1818?
|
October 28, 1818
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q7328800_P39_8
|
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1826 to Jul, 1830.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1812 to Jun, 1818.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Home Secretary from Nov, 1809 to Jun, 1812.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1802 to Oct, 1806.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1820 to Jun, 1826.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1806 to Apr, 1807.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 18th Parliament of Great Britain from May, 1796 to Jan, 1801.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1807 to Sep, 1812.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 1st Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1801 to Jun, 1802.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1818 to Feb, 1820.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 17th Parliament of Great Britain from Feb, 1795 to May, 1796.
|
Richard Ryder (politician, born 1766)Richard Ryder (5 July 1766 – 18 September 1832) was a British Tory politician. He notably served as Home Secretary between 1809 and 1812.Ryder was a younger son of Nathaniel Ryder, 1st Baron Harrowby and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of the Right Reverend Richard Terrick, Bishop of London. Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby, was his elder brother and the Right Reverend the Hon. Henry Ryder, Bishop of Coventry and of Lichfield, his younger brother. He was educated at St John’s College, Cambridge.Ryder sat as Member of Parliament for Tiverton from 1795 to 1830 and was sworn of the Privy Council in 1807. From 1809 to 1812 he served as Home Secretary under Spencer Perceval.Ryder married in 1799 Frederica, daughter of Sir John Skynner, from whom Ryder inherited the Great House in Great Milton, Oxfordshire in 1805. There were no surviving children from this marriage. Frederica died in August 1821. Ryder survived her by eleven years and died in September 1832, aged 66.
|
[
"Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 1st Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 17th Parliament of Great Britain",
"Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 18th Parliament of Great Britain",
"Home Secretary",
"Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Richard Ryder hold in Jul, 1823?
|
July 01, 1823
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q7328800_P39_9
|
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1807 to Sep, 1812.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1802 to Oct, 1806.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1806 to Apr, 1807.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 1st Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1801 to Jun, 1802.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1812 to Jun, 1818.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1820 to Jun, 1826.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 17th Parliament of Great Britain from Feb, 1795 to May, 1796.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1818 to Feb, 1820.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Home Secretary from Nov, 1809 to Jun, 1812.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1826 to Jul, 1830.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 18th Parliament of Great Britain from May, 1796 to Jan, 1801.
|
Richard Ryder (politician, born 1766)Richard Ryder (5 July 1766 – 18 September 1832) was a British Tory politician. He notably served as Home Secretary between 1809 and 1812.Ryder was a younger son of Nathaniel Ryder, 1st Baron Harrowby and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of the Right Reverend Richard Terrick, Bishop of London. Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby, was his elder brother and the Right Reverend the Hon. Henry Ryder, Bishop of Coventry and of Lichfield, his younger brother. He was educated at St John’s College, Cambridge.Ryder sat as Member of Parliament for Tiverton from 1795 to 1830 and was sworn of the Privy Council in 1807. From 1809 to 1812 he served as Home Secretary under Spencer Perceval.Ryder married in 1799 Frederica, daughter of Sir John Skynner, from whom Ryder inherited the Great House in Great Milton, Oxfordshire in 1805. There were no surviving children from this marriage. Frederica died in August 1821. Ryder survived her by eleven years and died in September 1832, aged 66.
|
[
"Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 1st Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 17th Parliament of Great Britain",
"Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 18th Parliament of Great Britain",
"Home Secretary"
] |
|
Which position did Richard Ryder hold in Sep, 1828?
|
September 18, 1828
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q7328800_P39_10
|
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1812 to Jun, 1818.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 18th Parliament of Great Britain from May, 1796 to Jan, 1801.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1826 to Jul, 1830.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1802 to Oct, 1806.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1820 to Jun, 1826.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1818 to Feb, 1820.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 1st Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1801 to Jun, 1802.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 17th Parliament of Great Britain from Feb, 1795 to May, 1796.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1807 to Sep, 1812.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Home Secretary from Nov, 1809 to Jun, 1812.
Richard Ryder holds the position of Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1806 to Apr, 1807.
|
Richard Ryder (politician, born 1766)Richard Ryder (5 July 1766 – 18 September 1832) was a British Tory politician. He notably served as Home Secretary between 1809 and 1812.Ryder was a younger son of Nathaniel Ryder, 1st Baron Harrowby and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of the Right Reverend Richard Terrick, Bishop of London. Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby, was his elder brother and the Right Reverend the Hon. Henry Ryder, Bishop of Coventry and of Lichfield, his younger brother. He was educated at St John’s College, Cambridge.Ryder sat as Member of Parliament for Tiverton from 1795 to 1830 and was sworn of the Privy Council in 1807. From 1809 to 1812 he served as Home Secretary under Spencer Perceval.Ryder married in 1799 Frederica, daughter of Sir John Skynner, from whom Ryder inherited the Great House in Great Milton, Oxfordshire in 1805. There were no surviving children from this marriage. Frederica died in August 1821. Ryder survived her by eleven years and died in September 1832, aged 66.
|
[
"Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 1st Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 17th Parliament of Great Britain",
"Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 18th Parliament of Great Britain",
"Home Secretary",
"Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Where was Princess Eugenie educated in May, 1993?
|
May 03, 1993
|
{
"text": [
"Upton House School"
]
}
|
L2_Q165709_P69_0
|
Princess Eugenie attended Marlborough College from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2008.
Princess Eugenie attended Newcastle University from Sep, 2009 to Jan, 2012.
Princess Eugenie attended Upton House School from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1995.
Princess Eugenie attended St George's School, Windsor Castle from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2003.
|
Princess EugeniePrincess Eugenie, Mrs Jack Brooksbank ( ; Eugenie Victoria Helena; born 23 March 1990) is a member of the British royal family. She is the younger daughter of Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and Sarah, Duchess of York. She is 11th in the line of succession to the British throne, after her elder sister, Princess Beatrice. Born in Portland Hospital, London, Eugenie attended St George's School and Marlborough College before studying at Newcastle University, graduating with a bachelor's degree in English literature and history of art. She joined the auction house Paddle8 before taking a directing position at art gallery Hauser & Wirth. Eugenie also works privately with a number of charitable organisations, including Children in Crisis and Anti-Slavery International.She married Jack Brooksbank, a brand ambassador, in 2018. They have a son born in February 2021.Princess Eugenie was born by Caesarean section at Portland Hospital in the West End of London on 23 March 1990 at 7:58 pm, the second child of the Duke and Duchess of York, and sixth grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. On 30 March, it was announced that the Duke and Duchess of York had named her Eugenie Victoria Helena.She was baptised at St Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringham, by the Bishop of Norwich on 23 December 1990. She was the first royal baby to have a public christening and the only one of the Queen's grandchildren not to be baptised in the Lily Font. Her godparents were James Ogilvy (her father's second cousin), Captain Alastair Ross (who was unable to attend), Susan Ferguson (her maternal grandfather's second wife), Julia Dodd-Noble, and Louise Blacker.Eugenie's parents divorced amicably when she was six years old. The Duke and Duchess of York had agreed to joint custody of their two children. Eugenie and her sister frequently travelled abroad with one or both of their parents.In October 2002, the 12-year-old Eugenie underwent back surgery at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital in London to correct scoliosis; two 12-inch titanium rods were put in her back. She made a full recovery and was not required to undergo any further surgeries.Eugenie began her schooling at Winkfield Montessori from 1992 to 1993. From there, she joined her sister at Upton House School in Windsor until 1995. She attended Coworth Park School from 1995 to 2001, and then St George's School, near Windsor Castle until 2003. For the next five years, Eugenie boarded at Marlborough College in Wiltshire. She undertook a gap year before continuing her education in 2009. Eugenie began studying at Newcastle University in September 2009, combining Art History, English Literature and Politics. She completed her studies in 2012, earning a in English literature and history of art.In 2013, she moved to New York City for one year to work for the online auction firm Paddle8 as a benefit auctions manager. In July 2015, she moved back to London to work for the Hauser & Wirth art gallery as an associate director, and was promoted to director in 2017.Princess Eugenie receives no allowance from the Privy Purse. She does, however, undertake occasional public engagements, which are usually connected with the charities she supports, including the Teenage Cancer Trust and Children in Crisis. In 2018, Children in Crisis merged with Street Child, a children's charity active in multiple countries, with Eugenie still serving as an ambassador.Eugenie and her sister represented their father at a service of thanksgiving for her aunt, Diana, Princess of Wales, in 2007. In 2008, she performed her first solo public engagement, opening a Teenage Cancer Trust's unit for young cancer patients in Leeds.On 2 June 2011, Eugenie visited the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital (RNOH) with her father as one of her first official engagements. In April 2012 she agreed to be patron for the hospital's Redevelopment Appeal, which was her first patronage. In 2014, Eugenie re-opened the children's unit at the RNOH. In 2014, she partnered with Daisy London Jewellery to create a limited edition charity bracelet to benefit the RNOH's Appeal. In January 2013, Eugenie and her sister promoted Britain overseas in Germany.In 2016, Princess Eugenie, along with her mother and sister, collaborated with British contemporary artist Teddy M to create the first ever royal graffiti. The painting on canvas, titled Royal Love, was painted at Royal Lodge and exhibited in London prior to being sold for a five-figure sum. Proceeds from the sale of the painting were donated to the charity Children in Crisis. Princess Eugenie and her sister became Patrons of the Teenage Cancer Trust in June 2016. She is also Patron of the Coronet Theatre, the European School of Osteopathy, the Tate Young Patrons and, alongside her mother, the Elephant Family, of which her uncle and aunt, the Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall, are joint presidents. In 2016, Eugenie visited a safe house run by The Salvation Army and met with victims of sexual abuse and modern slavery.In 2017, Eugenie became the ambassador for the Artemis Council of the New Museum, a by-invitation membership initiative focused solely on supporting female artists. Eugenie also became an ambassador of Project 0 in 2018, a charity which in partnership with Sky Ocean Rescue, focuses on protecting the ocean from plastic pollution. In July 2018, in her capacity as director of the Anti-Slavery Collective, Eugenie spoke at the NEXUS Global Summit at the UN headquarters in New York to discuss ending modern slavery. In September 2018, she travelled to Serbia to visit ASTRA and ATINA, two grantees of the UN Trust Fund which fight against the issues of human trafficking and violence against women. In August 2019, it was announced that she would launch a podcast, the first member of the royal family to do so. Together with Julia de Boinville, co-founder of the Anti-Slavery Collective, they will highlight and discuss issues related to modern slavery. In October 2019, Eugenie became patron of Anti-Slavery International.In May 2020, it was revealed that Eugenie and her husband were helping The Salvation Army with packing foods amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. In October 2020, Eugenie became patron of the Scoliosis Association UK. In June 2021, Princess Eugenie became an ambassador for the Blue Marine Foundation, and met with environmentalists at Somerset House.The Duke of York's Office at Buckingham Palace announced the engagement of Princess Eugenie and Jack Brooksbank on 22 January 2018. The couple had been dating for seven years, and were first introduced by friends in a ski break in Verbier, Switzerland, where Brooksbank was working. They were engaged on vacation in Nicaragua. In April 2018, the couple moved from St James's Palace and took up residence in Ivy Cottage at Kensington Palace. The wedding took place at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, on 12 October 2018. The wedding dress was designed by the British fashion designers Peter Pilotto and Christopher de Vos of British-based label Peter Pilotto, and was designed to display her surgical scar.Princess Eugenie gave birth to a son, August Philip Hawke Brooksbank, on 9 February 2021 at the Portland Hospital in London, born by caesarean section due to her childhood scoliosis operation. At birth, he was eleventh in line to the throne. He is named after his great-grandfather Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and two of his five-times great-grandfathers: Reverend Edward Hawke Brooksbank, and Prince Albert, whose given names included "Augustus".As a male-line grandchild of the sovereign, Eugenie was known as "Her Royal Highness Princess Eugenie of York", with the territorial designation coming from her father's title, Duke of York. Since her marriage, she has been styled "Her Royal Highness Princess Eugenie, Mrs Jack Brooksbank" in the Court Circular.
|
[
"Newcastle University",
"Marlborough College",
"St George's School, Windsor Castle"
] |
|
Where was Princess Eugenie educated in Apr, 2002?
|
April 05, 2002
|
{
"text": [
"St George's School, Windsor Castle"
]
}
|
L2_Q165709_P69_1
|
Princess Eugenie attended Marlborough College from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2008.
Princess Eugenie attended St George's School, Windsor Castle from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2003.
Princess Eugenie attended Newcastle University from Sep, 2009 to Jan, 2012.
Princess Eugenie attended Upton House School from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1995.
|
Princess EugeniePrincess Eugenie, Mrs Jack Brooksbank ( ; Eugenie Victoria Helena; born 23 March 1990) is a member of the British royal family. She is the younger daughter of Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and Sarah, Duchess of York. She is 11th in the line of succession to the British throne, after her elder sister, Princess Beatrice. Born in Portland Hospital, London, Eugenie attended St George's School and Marlborough College before studying at Newcastle University, graduating with a bachelor's degree in English literature and history of art. She joined the auction house Paddle8 before taking a directing position at art gallery Hauser & Wirth. Eugenie also works privately with a number of charitable organisations, including Children in Crisis and Anti-Slavery International.She married Jack Brooksbank, a brand ambassador, in 2018. They have a son born in February 2021.Princess Eugenie was born by Caesarean section at Portland Hospital in the West End of London on 23 March 1990 at 7:58 pm, the second child of the Duke and Duchess of York, and sixth grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. On 30 March, it was announced that the Duke and Duchess of York had named her Eugenie Victoria Helena.She was baptised at St Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringham, by the Bishop of Norwich on 23 December 1990. She was the first royal baby to have a public christening and the only one of the Queen's grandchildren not to be baptised in the Lily Font. Her godparents were James Ogilvy (her father's second cousin), Captain Alastair Ross (who was unable to attend), Susan Ferguson (her maternal grandfather's second wife), Julia Dodd-Noble, and Louise Blacker.Eugenie's parents divorced amicably when she was six years old. The Duke and Duchess of York had agreed to joint custody of their two children. Eugenie and her sister frequently travelled abroad with one or both of their parents.In October 2002, the 12-year-old Eugenie underwent back surgery at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital in London to correct scoliosis; two 12-inch titanium rods were put in her back. She made a full recovery and was not required to undergo any further surgeries.Eugenie began her schooling at Winkfield Montessori from 1992 to 1993. From there, she joined her sister at Upton House School in Windsor until 1995. She attended Coworth Park School from 1995 to 2001, and then St George's School, near Windsor Castle until 2003. For the next five years, Eugenie boarded at Marlborough College in Wiltshire. She undertook a gap year before continuing her education in 2009. Eugenie began studying at Newcastle University in September 2009, combining Art History, English Literature and Politics. She completed her studies in 2012, earning a in English literature and history of art.In 2013, she moved to New York City for one year to work for the online auction firm Paddle8 as a benefit auctions manager. In July 2015, she moved back to London to work for the Hauser & Wirth art gallery as an associate director, and was promoted to director in 2017.Princess Eugenie receives no allowance from the Privy Purse. She does, however, undertake occasional public engagements, which are usually connected with the charities she supports, including the Teenage Cancer Trust and Children in Crisis. In 2018, Children in Crisis merged with Street Child, a children's charity active in multiple countries, with Eugenie still serving as an ambassador.Eugenie and her sister represented their father at a service of thanksgiving for her aunt, Diana, Princess of Wales, in 2007. In 2008, she performed her first solo public engagement, opening a Teenage Cancer Trust's unit for young cancer patients in Leeds.On 2 June 2011, Eugenie visited the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital (RNOH) with her father as one of her first official engagements. In April 2012 she agreed to be patron for the hospital's Redevelopment Appeal, which was her first patronage. In 2014, Eugenie re-opened the children's unit at the RNOH. In 2014, she partnered with Daisy London Jewellery to create a limited edition charity bracelet to benefit the RNOH's Appeal. In January 2013, Eugenie and her sister promoted Britain overseas in Germany.In 2016, Princess Eugenie, along with her mother and sister, collaborated with British contemporary artist Teddy M to create the first ever royal graffiti. The painting on canvas, titled Royal Love, was painted at Royal Lodge and exhibited in London prior to being sold for a five-figure sum. Proceeds from the sale of the painting were donated to the charity Children in Crisis. Princess Eugenie and her sister became Patrons of the Teenage Cancer Trust in June 2016. She is also Patron of the Coronet Theatre, the European School of Osteopathy, the Tate Young Patrons and, alongside her mother, the Elephant Family, of which her uncle and aunt, the Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall, are joint presidents. In 2016, Eugenie visited a safe house run by The Salvation Army and met with victims of sexual abuse and modern slavery.In 2017, Eugenie became the ambassador for the Artemis Council of the New Museum, a by-invitation membership initiative focused solely on supporting female artists. Eugenie also became an ambassador of Project 0 in 2018, a charity which in partnership with Sky Ocean Rescue, focuses on protecting the ocean from plastic pollution. In July 2018, in her capacity as director of the Anti-Slavery Collective, Eugenie spoke at the NEXUS Global Summit at the UN headquarters in New York to discuss ending modern slavery. In September 2018, she travelled to Serbia to visit ASTRA and ATINA, two grantees of the UN Trust Fund which fight against the issues of human trafficking and violence against women. In August 2019, it was announced that she would launch a podcast, the first member of the royal family to do so. Together with Julia de Boinville, co-founder of the Anti-Slavery Collective, they will highlight and discuss issues related to modern slavery. In October 2019, Eugenie became patron of Anti-Slavery International.In May 2020, it was revealed that Eugenie and her husband were helping The Salvation Army with packing foods amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. In October 2020, Eugenie became patron of the Scoliosis Association UK. In June 2021, Princess Eugenie became an ambassador for the Blue Marine Foundation, and met with environmentalists at Somerset House.The Duke of York's Office at Buckingham Palace announced the engagement of Princess Eugenie and Jack Brooksbank on 22 January 2018. The couple had been dating for seven years, and were first introduced by friends in a ski break in Verbier, Switzerland, where Brooksbank was working. They were engaged on vacation in Nicaragua. In April 2018, the couple moved from St James's Palace and took up residence in Ivy Cottage at Kensington Palace. The wedding took place at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, on 12 October 2018. The wedding dress was designed by the British fashion designers Peter Pilotto and Christopher de Vos of British-based label Peter Pilotto, and was designed to display her surgical scar.Princess Eugenie gave birth to a son, August Philip Hawke Brooksbank, on 9 February 2021 at the Portland Hospital in London, born by caesarean section due to her childhood scoliosis operation. At birth, he was eleventh in line to the throne. He is named after his great-grandfather Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and two of his five-times great-grandfathers: Reverend Edward Hawke Brooksbank, and Prince Albert, whose given names included "Augustus".As a male-line grandchild of the sovereign, Eugenie was known as "Her Royal Highness Princess Eugenie of York", with the territorial designation coming from her father's title, Duke of York. Since her marriage, she has been styled "Her Royal Highness Princess Eugenie, Mrs Jack Brooksbank" in the Court Circular.
|
[
"Upton House School",
"Newcastle University",
"Marlborough College"
] |
|
Where was Princess Eugenie educated in Sep, 2004?
|
September 30, 2004
|
{
"text": [
"Marlborough College"
]
}
|
L2_Q165709_P69_2
|
Princess Eugenie attended Newcastle University from Sep, 2009 to Jan, 2012.
Princess Eugenie attended Upton House School from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1995.
Princess Eugenie attended St George's School, Windsor Castle from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2003.
Princess Eugenie attended Marlborough College from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2008.
|
Princess EugeniePrincess Eugenie, Mrs Jack Brooksbank ( ; Eugenie Victoria Helena; born 23 March 1990) is a member of the British royal family. She is the younger daughter of Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and Sarah, Duchess of York. She is 11th in the line of succession to the British throne, after her elder sister, Princess Beatrice. Born in Portland Hospital, London, Eugenie attended St George's School and Marlborough College before studying at Newcastle University, graduating with a bachelor's degree in English literature and history of art. She joined the auction house Paddle8 before taking a directing position at art gallery Hauser & Wirth. Eugenie also works privately with a number of charitable organisations, including Children in Crisis and Anti-Slavery International.She married Jack Brooksbank, a brand ambassador, in 2018. They have a son born in February 2021.Princess Eugenie was born by Caesarean section at Portland Hospital in the West End of London on 23 March 1990 at 7:58 pm, the second child of the Duke and Duchess of York, and sixth grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. On 30 March, it was announced that the Duke and Duchess of York had named her Eugenie Victoria Helena.She was baptised at St Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringham, by the Bishop of Norwich on 23 December 1990. She was the first royal baby to have a public christening and the only one of the Queen's grandchildren not to be baptised in the Lily Font. Her godparents were James Ogilvy (her father's second cousin), Captain Alastair Ross (who was unable to attend), Susan Ferguson (her maternal grandfather's second wife), Julia Dodd-Noble, and Louise Blacker.Eugenie's parents divorced amicably when she was six years old. The Duke and Duchess of York had agreed to joint custody of their two children. Eugenie and her sister frequently travelled abroad with one or both of their parents.In October 2002, the 12-year-old Eugenie underwent back surgery at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital in London to correct scoliosis; two 12-inch titanium rods were put in her back. She made a full recovery and was not required to undergo any further surgeries.Eugenie began her schooling at Winkfield Montessori from 1992 to 1993. From there, she joined her sister at Upton House School in Windsor until 1995. She attended Coworth Park School from 1995 to 2001, and then St George's School, near Windsor Castle until 2003. For the next five years, Eugenie boarded at Marlborough College in Wiltshire. She undertook a gap year before continuing her education in 2009. Eugenie began studying at Newcastle University in September 2009, combining Art History, English Literature and Politics. She completed her studies in 2012, earning a in English literature and history of art.In 2013, she moved to New York City for one year to work for the online auction firm Paddle8 as a benefit auctions manager. In July 2015, she moved back to London to work for the Hauser & Wirth art gallery as an associate director, and was promoted to director in 2017.Princess Eugenie receives no allowance from the Privy Purse. She does, however, undertake occasional public engagements, which are usually connected with the charities she supports, including the Teenage Cancer Trust and Children in Crisis. In 2018, Children in Crisis merged with Street Child, a children's charity active in multiple countries, with Eugenie still serving as an ambassador.Eugenie and her sister represented their father at a service of thanksgiving for her aunt, Diana, Princess of Wales, in 2007. In 2008, she performed her first solo public engagement, opening a Teenage Cancer Trust's unit for young cancer patients in Leeds.On 2 June 2011, Eugenie visited the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital (RNOH) with her father as one of her first official engagements. In April 2012 she agreed to be patron for the hospital's Redevelopment Appeal, which was her first patronage. In 2014, Eugenie re-opened the children's unit at the RNOH. In 2014, she partnered with Daisy London Jewellery to create a limited edition charity bracelet to benefit the RNOH's Appeal. In January 2013, Eugenie and her sister promoted Britain overseas in Germany.In 2016, Princess Eugenie, along with her mother and sister, collaborated with British contemporary artist Teddy M to create the first ever royal graffiti. The painting on canvas, titled Royal Love, was painted at Royal Lodge and exhibited in London prior to being sold for a five-figure sum. Proceeds from the sale of the painting were donated to the charity Children in Crisis. Princess Eugenie and her sister became Patrons of the Teenage Cancer Trust in June 2016. She is also Patron of the Coronet Theatre, the European School of Osteopathy, the Tate Young Patrons and, alongside her mother, the Elephant Family, of which her uncle and aunt, the Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall, are joint presidents. In 2016, Eugenie visited a safe house run by The Salvation Army and met with victims of sexual abuse and modern slavery.In 2017, Eugenie became the ambassador for the Artemis Council of the New Museum, a by-invitation membership initiative focused solely on supporting female artists. Eugenie also became an ambassador of Project 0 in 2018, a charity which in partnership with Sky Ocean Rescue, focuses on protecting the ocean from plastic pollution. In July 2018, in her capacity as director of the Anti-Slavery Collective, Eugenie spoke at the NEXUS Global Summit at the UN headquarters in New York to discuss ending modern slavery. In September 2018, she travelled to Serbia to visit ASTRA and ATINA, two grantees of the UN Trust Fund which fight against the issues of human trafficking and violence against women. In August 2019, it was announced that she would launch a podcast, the first member of the royal family to do so. Together with Julia de Boinville, co-founder of the Anti-Slavery Collective, they will highlight and discuss issues related to modern slavery. In October 2019, Eugenie became patron of Anti-Slavery International.In May 2020, it was revealed that Eugenie and her husband were helping The Salvation Army with packing foods amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. In October 2020, Eugenie became patron of the Scoliosis Association UK. In June 2021, Princess Eugenie became an ambassador for the Blue Marine Foundation, and met with environmentalists at Somerset House.The Duke of York's Office at Buckingham Palace announced the engagement of Princess Eugenie and Jack Brooksbank on 22 January 2018. The couple had been dating for seven years, and were first introduced by friends in a ski break in Verbier, Switzerland, where Brooksbank was working. They were engaged on vacation in Nicaragua. In April 2018, the couple moved from St James's Palace and took up residence in Ivy Cottage at Kensington Palace. The wedding took place at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, on 12 October 2018. The wedding dress was designed by the British fashion designers Peter Pilotto and Christopher de Vos of British-based label Peter Pilotto, and was designed to display her surgical scar.Princess Eugenie gave birth to a son, August Philip Hawke Brooksbank, on 9 February 2021 at the Portland Hospital in London, born by caesarean section due to her childhood scoliosis operation. At birth, he was eleventh in line to the throne. He is named after his great-grandfather Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and two of his five-times great-grandfathers: Reverend Edward Hawke Brooksbank, and Prince Albert, whose given names included "Augustus".As a male-line grandchild of the sovereign, Eugenie was known as "Her Royal Highness Princess Eugenie of York", with the territorial designation coming from her father's title, Duke of York. Since her marriage, she has been styled "Her Royal Highness Princess Eugenie, Mrs Jack Brooksbank" in the Court Circular.
|
[
"Upton House School",
"Newcastle University",
"St George's School, Windsor Castle"
] |
|
Where was Princess Eugenie educated in Dec, 2010?
|
December 04, 2010
|
{
"text": [
"Newcastle University"
]
}
|
L2_Q165709_P69_3
|
Princess Eugenie attended Upton House School from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1995.
Princess Eugenie attended St George's School, Windsor Castle from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2003.
Princess Eugenie attended Newcastle University from Sep, 2009 to Jan, 2012.
Princess Eugenie attended Marlborough College from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2008.
|
Princess EugeniePrincess Eugenie, Mrs Jack Brooksbank ( ; Eugenie Victoria Helena; born 23 March 1990) is a member of the British royal family. She is the younger daughter of Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and Sarah, Duchess of York. She is 11th in the line of succession to the British throne, after her elder sister, Princess Beatrice. Born in Portland Hospital, London, Eugenie attended St George's School and Marlborough College before studying at Newcastle University, graduating with a bachelor's degree in English literature and history of art. She joined the auction house Paddle8 before taking a directing position at art gallery Hauser & Wirth. Eugenie also works privately with a number of charitable organisations, including Children in Crisis and Anti-Slavery International.She married Jack Brooksbank, a brand ambassador, in 2018. They have a son born in February 2021.Princess Eugenie was born by Caesarean section at Portland Hospital in the West End of London on 23 March 1990 at 7:58 pm, the second child of the Duke and Duchess of York, and sixth grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. On 30 March, it was announced that the Duke and Duchess of York had named her Eugenie Victoria Helena.She was baptised at St Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringham, by the Bishop of Norwich on 23 December 1990. She was the first royal baby to have a public christening and the only one of the Queen's grandchildren not to be baptised in the Lily Font. Her godparents were James Ogilvy (her father's second cousin), Captain Alastair Ross (who was unable to attend), Susan Ferguson (her maternal grandfather's second wife), Julia Dodd-Noble, and Louise Blacker.Eugenie's parents divorced amicably when she was six years old. The Duke and Duchess of York had agreed to joint custody of their two children. Eugenie and her sister frequently travelled abroad with one or both of their parents.In October 2002, the 12-year-old Eugenie underwent back surgery at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital in London to correct scoliosis; two 12-inch titanium rods were put in her back. She made a full recovery and was not required to undergo any further surgeries.Eugenie began her schooling at Winkfield Montessori from 1992 to 1993. From there, she joined her sister at Upton House School in Windsor until 1995. She attended Coworth Park School from 1995 to 2001, and then St George's School, near Windsor Castle until 2003. For the next five years, Eugenie boarded at Marlborough College in Wiltshire. She undertook a gap year before continuing her education in 2009. Eugenie began studying at Newcastle University in September 2009, combining Art History, English Literature and Politics. She completed her studies in 2012, earning a in English literature and history of art.In 2013, she moved to New York City for one year to work for the online auction firm Paddle8 as a benefit auctions manager. In July 2015, she moved back to London to work for the Hauser & Wirth art gallery as an associate director, and was promoted to director in 2017.Princess Eugenie receives no allowance from the Privy Purse. She does, however, undertake occasional public engagements, which are usually connected with the charities she supports, including the Teenage Cancer Trust and Children in Crisis. In 2018, Children in Crisis merged with Street Child, a children's charity active in multiple countries, with Eugenie still serving as an ambassador.Eugenie and her sister represented their father at a service of thanksgiving for her aunt, Diana, Princess of Wales, in 2007. In 2008, she performed her first solo public engagement, opening a Teenage Cancer Trust's unit for young cancer patients in Leeds.On 2 June 2011, Eugenie visited the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital (RNOH) with her father as one of her first official engagements. In April 2012 she agreed to be patron for the hospital's Redevelopment Appeal, which was her first patronage. In 2014, Eugenie re-opened the children's unit at the RNOH. In 2014, she partnered with Daisy London Jewellery to create a limited edition charity bracelet to benefit the RNOH's Appeal. In January 2013, Eugenie and her sister promoted Britain overseas in Germany.In 2016, Princess Eugenie, along with her mother and sister, collaborated with British contemporary artist Teddy M to create the first ever royal graffiti. The painting on canvas, titled Royal Love, was painted at Royal Lodge and exhibited in London prior to being sold for a five-figure sum. Proceeds from the sale of the painting were donated to the charity Children in Crisis. Princess Eugenie and her sister became Patrons of the Teenage Cancer Trust in June 2016. She is also Patron of the Coronet Theatre, the European School of Osteopathy, the Tate Young Patrons and, alongside her mother, the Elephant Family, of which her uncle and aunt, the Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall, are joint presidents. In 2016, Eugenie visited a safe house run by The Salvation Army and met with victims of sexual abuse and modern slavery.In 2017, Eugenie became the ambassador for the Artemis Council of the New Museum, a by-invitation membership initiative focused solely on supporting female artists. Eugenie also became an ambassador of Project 0 in 2018, a charity which in partnership with Sky Ocean Rescue, focuses on protecting the ocean from plastic pollution. In July 2018, in her capacity as director of the Anti-Slavery Collective, Eugenie spoke at the NEXUS Global Summit at the UN headquarters in New York to discuss ending modern slavery. In September 2018, she travelled to Serbia to visit ASTRA and ATINA, two grantees of the UN Trust Fund which fight against the issues of human trafficking and violence against women. In August 2019, it was announced that she would launch a podcast, the first member of the royal family to do so. Together with Julia de Boinville, co-founder of the Anti-Slavery Collective, they will highlight and discuss issues related to modern slavery. In October 2019, Eugenie became patron of Anti-Slavery International.In May 2020, it was revealed that Eugenie and her husband were helping The Salvation Army with packing foods amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. In October 2020, Eugenie became patron of the Scoliosis Association UK. In June 2021, Princess Eugenie became an ambassador for the Blue Marine Foundation, and met with environmentalists at Somerset House.The Duke of York's Office at Buckingham Palace announced the engagement of Princess Eugenie and Jack Brooksbank on 22 January 2018. The couple had been dating for seven years, and were first introduced by friends in a ski break in Verbier, Switzerland, where Brooksbank was working. They were engaged on vacation in Nicaragua. In April 2018, the couple moved from St James's Palace and took up residence in Ivy Cottage at Kensington Palace. The wedding took place at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, on 12 October 2018. The wedding dress was designed by the British fashion designers Peter Pilotto and Christopher de Vos of British-based label Peter Pilotto, and was designed to display her surgical scar.Princess Eugenie gave birth to a son, August Philip Hawke Brooksbank, on 9 February 2021 at the Portland Hospital in London, born by caesarean section due to her childhood scoliosis operation. At birth, he was eleventh in line to the throne. He is named after his great-grandfather Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and two of his five-times great-grandfathers: Reverend Edward Hawke Brooksbank, and Prince Albert, whose given names included "Augustus".As a male-line grandchild of the sovereign, Eugenie was known as "Her Royal Highness Princess Eugenie of York", with the territorial designation coming from her father's title, Duke of York. Since her marriage, she has been styled "Her Royal Highness Princess Eugenie, Mrs Jack Brooksbank" in the Court Circular.
|
[
"Upton House School",
"Marlborough College",
"St George's School, Windsor Castle"
] |
|
Who was the owner of i in Feb, 2016?
|
February 04, 2016
|
{
"text": [
"Johnston Press"
]
}
|
L2_Q1943651_P127_0
|
i is owned by Daily Mail and General Trust from Nov, 2019 to Dec, 2022.
i is owned by Johnston Press from Jan, 2016 to Nov, 2018.
i is owned by JPIMedia from Nov, 2018 to Nov, 2019.
|
I (newspaper)The i is a British national morning paper published in London by "Daily Mail and General Trust" and distributed across the United Kingdom. It is aimed at "readers and lapsed readers" of all ages and commuters with limited time, and was originally launched in 2010 as a sister paper to "The Independent". It was later acquired by Johnston Press in 2016 after "The Independent" shifted to a digital-only model. The "i" came under the control of "JPIMedia" a day after Johnston Press filed for administration on 16 November 2018. The paper and its website were bought by the Daily Mail and General Trust (DMGT) on 29 November 2019, for £49.6 million. On 6 December 2019 the Competition and Markets Authority served an initial enforcement order on DMGT and DMG Media Limited requiring the paper to be run separately pending investigation.The "i" was named British National Newspaper of the Year in 2015.Since its inception, the "i" has expanded its layout and coverage, adding special sections for notable events and revamping its weekend edition. The paper had an average daily circulation of 302,757 in March 2013, significantly more than "The Independent", though that figure has since continued to decline, and had dropped to 233,869 by February 2019. The paper is classified as a 'quality' in the UK market but is published in the standard compact tabloid-size format.A press statement released on the website of "The Independent" on 19 October 2010 announced the launch of the "i". Also in October 2010, Independent Print Limited launched an advertising campaign to promote the new publication. The first issue of the "i" went on sale for 20p on 26 October 2010, along with a new-look version of "The Independent".Starting on 7 May 2011 a Saturday edition was published, with more pages and at the price of 30p. This increased to 40p in January 2014, with the weekday edition rising to 30p. In September 2016, the price was raised to 60p, with the weekday edition rising to 50p.The "i" was then named National Newspaper of the Year in 2015.At the start of September 2017, the price rose once again, to 60p for the weekday edition and 80p for the relaunched "i" weekend beginning later that month. The paper cited the rising cost of materials needed to print the paper and the increasingly difficult environment in which print journalism finds itself.On 11 February 2016, it was revealed that regional publisher Johnston Press, which owned "The Yorkshire Post" and "The Scotsman", were in the advanced stages of talks to buy the "i" for around £24 million. The acquisition was completed before "The Independent" became a digital-only publication, and a "significant number" of staff joined the team from "The Independent". The new editorial team was announced in April 2016 and moved one floor down in Northcliffe House.On 30 September 2017, a new, redesigned, version of the weekend edition of the "i" went on sale, costing 80p. This relaunch of the weekend paper saw circulation rise by around 30,000, to around 290,000 of the first edition of the redesigned paper being sold. By August 2018, the weekend edition had become the strongest day of trading for the "i".In December 2017, the owners of the "i", Johnston Press, announced the newspaper was bringing in a monthly profit of around £1 million. They stated that this was the result of: "Johnston Press management’s strategy of investing in improved content under editor Olly Duff's clear leadership, increased brand awareness, distribution, and advertiser solutions, while delivering efficiencies". A February 2018 trading update from parent company Johnston Press stated that the paper held a 20% market share of the 'Quality' weekday market.The "i" website, "inews.co.uk", was reported to attract around two million unique viewers at the start of 2018, but that figure had grown 457% by November, with Comscore reporting unique visitors to the website then stood at 5.2 million, surpassing the reach of "The Times" and "Huffington Post UK".In November 2018, ownership of the "i" alongside the other assets of Johnston Press were transferred in a pre-packaged administration deal to JPIMedia, a company set up by the bondholders of Johnston Press, after several attempts to restructure the debt or sell the business were unsuccessful.On 14 September 2019, The "iweekend" price rose from £1 to £1.20.On 29 November 2019, it was announced that JPIMedia had sold the "i" newspaper and website to the Daily Mail and General Trust, which owns the Mail on Sunday and MailOnline. Lord Rothermere, the chair of DMGT, said that the paper would maintain its politically independent editorial style.In March 2021, the "i" broke the story that Pontins holiday parks used a list of common Irish surnames as an internal document to prevent bookings by "undesirable guests".The "i" is tabloid-size and stapled, and the first issue contained 56 pages. The Friday edition of the paper, which contains the "Friday" section, has a slightly increased page count, at around 65. The weekend version of the paper is significantly larger than the weekday version, containing 87 pages. The "i" prides itself on having no supplements, something common in many other quality British newspapers, saying they want to give readers the best experience without supplements that "clog up" recycling bins. The newspaper contains "matrices" for news, business and sports—small paragraphs of information which are expanded upon in full articles further on in the paper. The title also includes a features section titled "iQ", Arts and Business sections and a television guide.The managing director of "The Independent" stated several days before the newspaper went into print that the publication is designed for people who do not have much time to read a newspaper. On 20 April 2011, editor Simon Kelner announced that a Saturday edition of the "i" would be published, starting from 7 May 2011 and costing 30 pence, 10 pence more than the weekday version. The paper is now 65p on weekdays and £1.20 at the weekend, running Monday to Saturday (although the Saturday edition is also sold on Sunday).The paper now runs a subscription, whereby customers can buy pre-paid vouchers to exchange for their copy of the paper. The subscription can be either six months or a year long and can be chosen Monday to Friday or including Saturday. There is also a discounted student subscription that lasts for one academic year.The "i" takes a political stance on the centre of the political spectrum, with many front-page headline articles being concerned with social issues and inequality – but it also claims to be politically balanced and to publish points of view from both left and right.Nick Clegg, former UK Deputy Prime Minister and former leader of the Liberal Democrats, a centrist party, is a fortnightly columnist for the "i". His column usually features in the ""My View"" comment section of the paper.During an interview for the "i" in December 2017, Labour leader, Jeremy Corbyn declared himself to be a dedicated reader of the "i", saying that its compact size and concise articles suited his busy lifestyle as Leader of Her Majesty's Opposition.During the referendum on the United Kingdom's membership of the European Union, held in June 2016, the paper chose not to declare for either "leave" or "remain", unlike a majority of other British newspapers who came out for either side of the debate.In the 2017 UK general election, the "i" chose not to endorse a political party.The "i" has developed a strong national reputation over time. The paper is understood to be highly regarded by many journalists, especially the former employees of "The" "Independent" who had worked on the title. The "i" was also found in a 2018 poll to be the second-most trusted news brand in the UK after "The Guardian". Since being named National Newspaper of the Year at the 2015 News Awards, the "i" has also gone on to win and be shortlisted for numerous awards in the UK.At the 2017 Press Awards, the "i" secured six nominations. Katy Balls was a finalist alongside Stephen Bush for Political Commentary of the Year, Yasmin Alibhai-Brown for Broadsheet Columnist of the Year, Alice Jones for Critic of the Year, Steve Connor for Science Editor of the Year, Kim Sengupta for Foreign Reporter of the Year, Sam Cunningham for Sports Journalist of the Year, while the paper itself was nominated for Best News Site of the Year. At the 2017 British Sports Journalism Awards, Hugo Lowell was nominated for Young Sports Writer of the Year.At the 2018 British Media Awards, the "i" won Gold in the Launch of the Year category for "i weekend" and Editorial Campaign of the Year category for its coverage of NHS cuts. The paper were also runner-ups for Print Product of the Year and Media Brand of the Year.In March 2019, the "i" overtook "The Guardian" to become the most trusted digital newsbrand.At the 2019 British Media Awards, the "i" won Gold in the Media Brand of the Year category, Silver for the Digital Product of the Year, and Bronze in the Print Product of the Year category.
|
[
"Daily Mail and General Trust",
"JPIMedia"
] |
|
Who was the owner of i in Feb, 2019?
|
February 14, 2019
|
{
"text": [
"JPIMedia"
]
}
|
L2_Q1943651_P127_1
|
i is owned by Daily Mail and General Trust from Nov, 2019 to Dec, 2022.
i is owned by Johnston Press from Jan, 2016 to Nov, 2018.
i is owned by JPIMedia from Nov, 2018 to Nov, 2019.
|
I (newspaper)The i is a British national morning paper published in London by "Daily Mail and General Trust" and distributed across the United Kingdom. It is aimed at "readers and lapsed readers" of all ages and commuters with limited time, and was originally launched in 2010 as a sister paper to "The Independent". It was later acquired by Johnston Press in 2016 after "The Independent" shifted to a digital-only model. The "i" came under the control of "JPIMedia" a day after Johnston Press filed for administration on 16 November 2018. The paper and its website were bought by the Daily Mail and General Trust (DMGT) on 29 November 2019, for £49.6 million. On 6 December 2019 the Competition and Markets Authority served an initial enforcement order on DMGT and DMG Media Limited requiring the paper to be run separately pending investigation.The "i" was named British National Newspaper of the Year in 2015.Since its inception, the "i" has expanded its layout and coverage, adding special sections for notable events and revamping its weekend edition. The paper had an average daily circulation of 302,757 in March 2013, significantly more than "The Independent", though that figure has since continued to decline, and had dropped to 233,869 by February 2019. The paper is classified as a 'quality' in the UK market but is published in the standard compact tabloid-size format.A press statement released on the website of "The Independent" on 19 October 2010 announced the launch of the "i". Also in October 2010, Independent Print Limited launched an advertising campaign to promote the new publication. The first issue of the "i" went on sale for 20p on 26 October 2010, along with a new-look version of "The Independent".Starting on 7 May 2011 a Saturday edition was published, with more pages and at the price of 30p. This increased to 40p in January 2014, with the weekday edition rising to 30p. In September 2016, the price was raised to 60p, with the weekday edition rising to 50p.The "i" was then named National Newspaper of the Year in 2015.At the start of September 2017, the price rose once again, to 60p for the weekday edition and 80p for the relaunched "i" weekend beginning later that month. The paper cited the rising cost of materials needed to print the paper and the increasingly difficult environment in which print journalism finds itself.On 11 February 2016, it was revealed that regional publisher Johnston Press, which owned "The Yorkshire Post" and "The Scotsman", were in the advanced stages of talks to buy the "i" for around £24 million. The acquisition was completed before "The Independent" became a digital-only publication, and a "significant number" of staff joined the team from "The Independent". The new editorial team was announced in April 2016 and moved one floor down in Northcliffe House.On 30 September 2017, a new, redesigned, version of the weekend edition of the "i" went on sale, costing 80p. This relaunch of the weekend paper saw circulation rise by around 30,000, to around 290,000 of the first edition of the redesigned paper being sold. By August 2018, the weekend edition had become the strongest day of trading for the "i".In December 2017, the owners of the "i", Johnston Press, announced the newspaper was bringing in a monthly profit of around £1 million. They stated that this was the result of: "Johnston Press management’s strategy of investing in improved content under editor Olly Duff's clear leadership, increased brand awareness, distribution, and advertiser solutions, while delivering efficiencies". A February 2018 trading update from parent company Johnston Press stated that the paper held a 20% market share of the 'Quality' weekday market.The "i" website, "inews.co.uk", was reported to attract around two million unique viewers at the start of 2018, but that figure had grown 457% by November, with Comscore reporting unique visitors to the website then stood at 5.2 million, surpassing the reach of "The Times" and "Huffington Post UK".In November 2018, ownership of the "i" alongside the other assets of Johnston Press were transferred in a pre-packaged administration deal to JPIMedia, a company set up by the bondholders of Johnston Press, after several attempts to restructure the debt or sell the business were unsuccessful.On 14 September 2019, The "iweekend" price rose from £1 to £1.20.On 29 November 2019, it was announced that JPIMedia had sold the "i" newspaper and website to the Daily Mail and General Trust, which owns the Mail on Sunday and MailOnline. Lord Rothermere, the chair of DMGT, said that the paper would maintain its politically independent editorial style.In March 2021, the "i" broke the story that Pontins holiday parks used a list of common Irish surnames as an internal document to prevent bookings by "undesirable guests".The "i" is tabloid-size and stapled, and the first issue contained 56 pages. The Friday edition of the paper, which contains the "Friday" section, has a slightly increased page count, at around 65. The weekend version of the paper is significantly larger than the weekday version, containing 87 pages. The "i" prides itself on having no supplements, something common in many other quality British newspapers, saying they want to give readers the best experience without supplements that "clog up" recycling bins. The newspaper contains "matrices" for news, business and sports—small paragraphs of information which are expanded upon in full articles further on in the paper. The title also includes a features section titled "iQ", Arts and Business sections and a television guide.The managing director of "The Independent" stated several days before the newspaper went into print that the publication is designed for people who do not have much time to read a newspaper. On 20 April 2011, editor Simon Kelner announced that a Saturday edition of the "i" would be published, starting from 7 May 2011 and costing 30 pence, 10 pence more than the weekday version. The paper is now 65p on weekdays and £1.20 at the weekend, running Monday to Saturday (although the Saturday edition is also sold on Sunday).The paper now runs a subscription, whereby customers can buy pre-paid vouchers to exchange for their copy of the paper. The subscription can be either six months or a year long and can be chosen Monday to Friday or including Saturday. There is also a discounted student subscription that lasts for one academic year.The "i" takes a political stance on the centre of the political spectrum, with many front-page headline articles being concerned with social issues and inequality – but it also claims to be politically balanced and to publish points of view from both left and right.Nick Clegg, former UK Deputy Prime Minister and former leader of the Liberal Democrats, a centrist party, is a fortnightly columnist for the "i". His column usually features in the ""My View"" comment section of the paper.During an interview for the "i" in December 2017, Labour leader, Jeremy Corbyn declared himself to be a dedicated reader of the "i", saying that its compact size and concise articles suited his busy lifestyle as Leader of Her Majesty's Opposition.During the referendum on the United Kingdom's membership of the European Union, held in June 2016, the paper chose not to declare for either "leave" or "remain", unlike a majority of other British newspapers who came out for either side of the debate.In the 2017 UK general election, the "i" chose not to endorse a political party.The "i" has developed a strong national reputation over time. The paper is understood to be highly regarded by many journalists, especially the former employees of "The" "Independent" who had worked on the title. The "i" was also found in a 2018 poll to be the second-most trusted news brand in the UK after "The Guardian". Since being named National Newspaper of the Year at the 2015 News Awards, the "i" has also gone on to win and be shortlisted for numerous awards in the UK.At the 2017 Press Awards, the "i" secured six nominations. Katy Balls was a finalist alongside Stephen Bush for Political Commentary of the Year, Yasmin Alibhai-Brown for Broadsheet Columnist of the Year, Alice Jones for Critic of the Year, Steve Connor for Science Editor of the Year, Kim Sengupta for Foreign Reporter of the Year, Sam Cunningham for Sports Journalist of the Year, while the paper itself was nominated for Best News Site of the Year. At the 2017 British Sports Journalism Awards, Hugo Lowell was nominated for Young Sports Writer of the Year.At the 2018 British Media Awards, the "i" won Gold in the Launch of the Year category for "i weekend" and Editorial Campaign of the Year category for its coverage of NHS cuts. The paper were also runner-ups for Print Product of the Year and Media Brand of the Year.In March 2019, the "i" overtook "The Guardian" to become the most trusted digital newsbrand.At the 2019 British Media Awards, the "i" won Gold in the Media Brand of the Year category, Silver for the Digital Product of the Year, and Bronze in the Print Product of the Year category.
|
[
"Daily Mail and General Trust",
"Johnston Press"
] |
|
Who was the owner of i in Jan, 2021?
|
January 10, 2021
|
{
"text": [
"Daily Mail and General Trust"
]
}
|
L2_Q1943651_P127_2
|
i is owned by JPIMedia from Nov, 2018 to Nov, 2019.
i is owned by Johnston Press from Jan, 2016 to Nov, 2018.
i is owned by Daily Mail and General Trust from Nov, 2019 to Dec, 2022.
|
I (newspaper)The i is a British national morning paper published in London by "Daily Mail and General Trust" and distributed across the United Kingdom. It is aimed at "readers and lapsed readers" of all ages and commuters with limited time, and was originally launched in 2010 as a sister paper to "The Independent". It was later acquired by Johnston Press in 2016 after "The Independent" shifted to a digital-only model. The "i" came under the control of "JPIMedia" a day after Johnston Press filed for administration on 16 November 2018. The paper and its website were bought by the Daily Mail and General Trust (DMGT) on 29 November 2019, for £49.6 million. On 6 December 2019 the Competition and Markets Authority served an initial enforcement order on DMGT and DMG Media Limited requiring the paper to be run separately pending investigation.The "i" was named British National Newspaper of the Year in 2015.Since its inception, the "i" has expanded its layout and coverage, adding special sections for notable events and revamping its weekend edition. The paper had an average daily circulation of 302,757 in March 2013, significantly more than "The Independent", though that figure has since continued to decline, and had dropped to 233,869 by February 2019. The paper is classified as a 'quality' in the UK market but is published in the standard compact tabloid-size format.A press statement released on the website of "The Independent" on 19 October 2010 announced the launch of the "i". Also in October 2010, Independent Print Limited launched an advertising campaign to promote the new publication. The first issue of the "i" went on sale for 20p on 26 October 2010, along with a new-look version of "The Independent".Starting on 7 May 2011 a Saturday edition was published, with more pages and at the price of 30p. This increased to 40p in January 2014, with the weekday edition rising to 30p. In September 2016, the price was raised to 60p, with the weekday edition rising to 50p.The "i" was then named National Newspaper of the Year in 2015.At the start of September 2017, the price rose once again, to 60p for the weekday edition and 80p for the relaunched "i" weekend beginning later that month. The paper cited the rising cost of materials needed to print the paper and the increasingly difficult environment in which print journalism finds itself.On 11 February 2016, it was revealed that regional publisher Johnston Press, which owned "The Yorkshire Post" and "The Scotsman", were in the advanced stages of talks to buy the "i" for around £24 million. The acquisition was completed before "The Independent" became a digital-only publication, and a "significant number" of staff joined the team from "The Independent". The new editorial team was announced in April 2016 and moved one floor down in Northcliffe House.On 30 September 2017, a new, redesigned, version of the weekend edition of the "i" went on sale, costing 80p. This relaunch of the weekend paper saw circulation rise by around 30,000, to around 290,000 of the first edition of the redesigned paper being sold. By August 2018, the weekend edition had become the strongest day of trading for the "i".In December 2017, the owners of the "i", Johnston Press, announced the newspaper was bringing in a monthly profit of around £1 million. They stated that this was the result of: "Johnston Press management’s strategy of investing in improved content under editor Olly Duff's clear leadership, increased brand awareness, distribution, and advertiser solutions, while delivering efficiencies". A February 2018 trading update from parent company Johnston Press stated that the paper held a 20% market share of the 'Quality' weekday market.The "i" website, "inews.co.uk", was reported to attract around two million unique viewers at the start of 2018, but that figure had grown 457% by November, with Comscore reporting unique visitors to the website then stood at 5.2 million, surpassing the reach of "The Times" and "Huffington Post UK".In November 2018, ownership of the "i" alongside the other assets of Johnston Press were transferred in a pre-packaged administration deal to JPIMedia, a company set up by the bondholders of Johnston Press, after several attempts to restructure the debt or sell the business were unsuccessful.On 14 September 2019, The "iweekend" price rose from £1 to £1.20.On 29 November 2019, it was announced that JPIMedia had sold the "i" newspaper and website to the Daily Mail and General Trust, which owns the Mail on Sunday and MailOnline. Lord Rothermere, the chair of DMGT, said that the paper would maintain its politically independent editorial style.In March 2021, the "i" broke the story that Pontins holiday parks used a list of common Irish surnames as an internal document to prevent bookings by "undesirable guests".The "i" is tabloid-size and stapled, and the first issue contained 56 pages. The Friday edition of the paper, which contains the "Friday" section, has a slightly increased page count, at around 65. The weekend version of the paper is significantly larger than the weekday version, containing 87 pages. The "i" prides itself on having no supplements, something common in many other quality British newspapers, saying they want to give readers the best experience without supplements that "clog up" recycling bins. The newspaper contains "matrices" for news, business and sports—small paragraphs of information which are expanded upon in full articles further on in the paper. The title also includes a features section titled "iQ", Arts and Business sections and a television guide.The managing director of "The Independent" stated several days before the newspaper went into print that the publication is designed for people who do not have much time to read a newspaper. On 20 April 2011, editor Simon Kelner announced that a Saturday edition of the "i" would be published, starting from 7 May 2011 and costing 30 pence, 10 pence more than the weekday version. The paper is now 65p on weekdays and £1.20 at the weekend, running Monday to Saturday (although the Saturday edition is also sold on Sunday).The paper now runs a subscription, whereby customers can buy pre-paid vouchers to exchange for their copy of the paper. The subscription can be either six months or a year long and can be chosen Monday to Friday or including Saturday. There is also a discounted student subscription that lasts for one academic year.The "i" takes a political stance on the centre of the political spectrum, with many front-page headline articles being concerned with social issues and inequality – but it also claims to be politically balanced and to publish points of view from both left and right.Nick Clegg, former UK Deputy Prime Minister and former leader of the Liberal Democrats, a centrist party, is a fortnightly columnist for the "i". His column usually features in the ""My View"" comment section of the paper.During an interview for the "i" in December 2017, Labour leader, Jeremy Corbyn declared himself to be a dedicated reader of the "i", saying that its compact size and concise articles suited his busy lifestyle as Leader of Her Majesty's Opposition.During the referendum on the United Kingdom's membership of the European Union, held in June 2016, the paper chose not to declare for either "leave" or "remain", unlike a majority of other British newspapers who came out for either side of the debate.In the 2017 UK general election, the "i" chose not to endorse a political party.The "i" has developed a strong national reputation over time. The paper is understood to be highly regarded by many journalists, especially the former employees of "The" "Independent" who had worked on the title. The "i" was also found in a 2018 poll to be the second-most trusted news brand in the UK after "The Guardian". Since being named National Newspaper of the Year at the 2015 News Awards, the "i" has also gone on to win and be shortlisted for numerous awards in the UK.At the 2017 Press Awards, the "i" secured six nominations. Katy Balls was a finalist alongside Stephen Bush for Political Commentary of the Year, Yasmin Alibhai-Brown for Broadsheet Columnist of the Year, Alice Jones for Critic of the Year, Steve Connor for Science Editor of the Year, Kim Sengupta for Foreign Reporter of the Year, Sam Cunningham for Sports Journalist of the Year, while the paper itself was nominated for Best News Site of the Year. At the 2017 British Sports Journalism Awards, Hugo Lowell was nominated for Young Sports Writer of the Year.At the 2018 British Media Awards, the "i" won Gold in the Launch of the Year category for "i weekend" and Editorial Campaign of the Year category for its coverage of NHS cuts. The paper were also runner-ups for Print Product of the Year and Media Brand of the Year.In March 2019, the "i" overtook "The Guardian" to become the most trusted digital newsbrand.At the 2019 British Media Awards, the "i" won Gold in the Media Brand of the Year category, Silver for the Digital Product of the Year, and Bronze in the Print Product of the Year category.
|
[
"JPIMedia",
"Johnston Press"
] |
|
Which political party did Mario Lolini belong to in Sep, 1998?
|
September 28, 1998
|
{
"text": [
"National Alliance"
]
}
|
L2_Q51880098_P102_0
|
Mario Lolini is a member of the Lega Nord from Jan, 2016 to Dec, 2022.
Mario Lolini is a member of the National Alliance from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 2009.
Mario Lolini is a member of the The People of Freedom from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2013.
|
Mario LoliniMario Lolini (born 27 January 1958) is an Italian politician who has served as a Deputy since 23 March 2018. On 24 December 2020, he has been appointed Federal Commissioner of Lega Nord Toscana by Matteo Salvini.
|
[
"The People of Freedom",
"Lega Nord"
] |
|
Which political party did Mario Lolini belong to in Apr, 2011?
|
April 27, 2011
|
{
"text": [
"The People of Freedom"
]
}
|
L2_Q51880098_P102_1
|
Mario Lolini is a member of the National Alliance from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 2009.
Mario Lolini is a member of the Lega Nord from Jan, 2016 to Dec, 2022.
Mario Lolini is a member of the The People of Freedom from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2013.
|
Mario LoliniMario Lolini (born 27 January 1958) is an Italian politician who has served as a Deputy since 23 March 2018. On 24 December 2020, he has been appointed Federal Commissioner of Lega Nord Toscana by Matteo Salvini.
|
[
"National Alliance",
"Lega Nord"
] |
|
Which political party did Mario Lolini belong to in Dec, 2016?
|
December 02, 2016
|
{
"text": [
"Lega Nord"
]
}
|
L2_Q51880098_P102_2
|
Mario Lolini is a member of the National Alliance from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 2009.
Mario Lolini is a member of the Lega Nord from Jan, 2016 to Dec, 2022.
Mario Lolini is a member of the The People of Freedom from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2013.
|
Mario LoliniMario Lolini (born 27 January 1958) is an Italian politician who has served as a Deputy since 23 March 2018. On 24 December 2020, he has been appointed Federal Commissioner of Lega Nord Toscana by Matteo Salvini.
|
[
"The People of Freedom",
"National Alliance"
] |
|
Who was the chair of International Ski Federation in Feb, 1929?
|
February 15, 1929
|
{
"text": [
"Ivar Holmquist"
]
}
|
L2_Q212928_P488_0
|
Marc Hodler is the chair of International Ski Federation from Jan, 1951 to Jan, 1998.
Ivar Holmquist is the chair of International Ski Federation from Jan, 1924 to Jan, 1934.
Johan Eliasch is the chair of International Ski Federation from Jan, 2021 to Dec, 2022.
Nikolai Ramm Østgaard is the chair of International Ski Federation from Jan, 1934 to Jan, 1951.
Gian-Franco Kasper is the chair of International Ski Federation from Jan, 1998 to Jan, 2021.
|
International Ski FederationThe Fédération internationale de ski (FIS; ) is the highest international governing body for skiing and snowboarding. Founded on 2 February 1924 in Chamonix, France, the FIS is responsible for the Olympic disciplines of Alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, ski jumping, Nordic combined, freestyle skiing and snowboarding. The FIS is also responsible for setting the international competition rules. The organization now has a membership of 118 national ski associations and is based in Oberhofen am Thunersee, Switzerland.More than 45 World Cup wins in all disciplines run by International Ski Federation for men and ladies: The federation organises the following ski sport disciplines, for which it oversees World Cup competitions and World Championships:"Note:" The discipline of Biathlon, which combines cross-country skiing and rifle shooting, has its own organisation, the International Biathlon Union (IBU).List of all hosts:As of 2017, there are 31 official FIS Ski Museums worldwide in 13 countries which are devoted to the history of skiing, taking into account the region's own history of skiing and tourism.
|
[
"Marc Hodler",
"Nikolai Ramm Østgaard",
"Gian-Franco Kasper",
"Johan Eliasch"
] |
|
Who was the chair of International Ski Federation in Apr, 1938?
|
April 20, 1938
|
{
"text": [
"Nikolai Ramm Østgaard"
]
}
|
L2_Q212928_P488_1
|
Marc Hodler is the chair of International Ski Federation from Jan, 1951 to Jan, 1998.
Johan Eliasch is the chair of International Ski Federation from Jan, 2021 to Dec, 2022.
Gian-Franco Kasper is the chair of International Ski Federation from Jan, 1998 to Jan, 2021.
Nikolai Ramm Østgaard is the chair of International Ski Federation from Jan, 1934 to Jan, 1951.
Ivar Holmquist is the chair of International Ski Federation from Jan, 1924 to Jan, 1934.
|
International Ski FederationThe Fédération internationale de ski (FIS; ) is the highest international governing body for skiing and snowboarding. Founded on 2 February 1924 in Chamonix, France, the FIS is responsible for the Olympic disciplines of Alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, ski jumping, Nordic combined, freestyle skiing and snowboarding. The FIS is also responsible for setting the international competition rules. The organization now has a membership of 118 national ski associations and is based in Oberhofen am Thunersee, Switzerland.More than 45 World Cup wins in all disciplines run by International Ski Federation for men and ladies: The federation organises the following ski sport disciplines, for which it oversees World Cup competitions and World Championships:"Note:" The discipline of Biathlon, which combines cross-country skiing and rifle shooting, has its own organisation, the International Biathlon Union (IBU).List of all hosts:As of 2017, there are 31 official FIS Ski Museums worldwide in 13 countries which are devoted to the history of skiing, taking into account the region's own history of skiing and tourism.
|
[
"Marc Hodler",
"Gian-Franco Kasper",
"Ivar Holmquist",
"Johan Eliasch"
] |
|
Who was the chair of International Ski Federation in Nov, 1958?
|
November 12, 1958
|
{
"text": [
"Marc Hodler"
]
}
|
L2_Q212928_P488_2
|
Marc Hodler is the chair of International Ski Federation from Jan, 1951 to Jan, 1998.
Nikolai Ramm Østgaard is the chair of International Ski Federation from Jan, 1934 to Jan, 1951.
Johan Eliasch is the chair of International Ski Federation from Jan, 2021 to Dec, 2022.
Gian-Franco Kasper is the chair of International Ski Federation from Jan, 1998 to Jan, 2021.
Ivar Holmquist is the chair of International Ski Federation from Jan, 1924 to Jan, 1934.
|
International Ski FederationThe Fédération internationale de ski (FIS; ) is the highest international governing body for skiing and snowboarding. Founded on 2 February 1924 in Chamonix, France, the FIS is responsible for the Olympic disciplines of Alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, ski jumping, Nordic combined, freestyle skiing and snowboarding. The FIS is also responsible for setting the international competition rules. The organization now has a membership of 118 national ski associations and is based in Oberhofen am Thunersee, Switzerland.More than 45 World Cup wins in all disciplines run by International Ski Federation for men and ladies: The federation organises the following ski sport disciplines, for which it oversees World Cup competitions and World Championships:"Note:" The discipline of Biathlon, which combines cross-country skiing and rifle shooting, has its own organisation, the International Biathlon Union (IBU).List of all hosts:As of 2017, there are 31 official FIS Ski Museums worldwide in 13 countries which are devoted to the history of skiing, taking into account the region's own history of skiing and tourism.
|
[
"Nikolai Ramm Østgaard",
"Gian-Franco Kasper",
"Ivar Holmquist",
"Johan Eliasch"
] |
|
Who was the chair of International Ski Federation in Jul, 2009?
|
July 26, 2009
|
{
"text": [
"Gian-Franco Kasper"
]
}
|
L2_Q212928_P488_3
|
Johan Eliasch is the chair of International Ski Federation from Jan, 2021 to Dec, 2022.
Ivar Holmquist is the chair of International Ski Federation from Jan, 1924 to Jan, 1934.
Marc Hodler is the chair of International Ski Federation from Jan, 1951 to Jan, 1998.
Nikolai Ramm Østgaard is the chair of International Ski Federation from Jan, 1934 to Jan, 1951.
Gian-Franco Kasper is the chair of International Ski Federation from Jan, 1998 to Jan, 2021.
|
International Ski FederationThe Fédération internationale de ski (FIS; ) is the highest international governing body for skiing and snowboarding. Founded on 2 February 1924 in Chamonix, France, the FIS is responsible for the Olympic disciplines of Alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, ski jumping, Nordic combined, freestyle skiing and snowboarding. The FIS is also responsible for setting the international competition rules. The organization now has a membership of 118 national ski associations and is based in Oberhofen am Thunersee, Switzerland.More than 45 World Cup wins in all disciplines run by International Ski Federation for men and ladies: The federation organises the following ski sport disciplines, for which it oversees World Cup competitions and World Championships:"Note:" The discipline of Biathlon, which combines cross-country skiing and rifle shooting, has its own organisation, the International Biathlon Union (IBU).List of all hosts:As of 2017, there are 31 official FIS Ski Museums worldwide in 13 countries which are devoted to the history of skiing, taking into account the region's own history of skiing and tourism.
|
[
"Marc Hodler",
"Nikolai Ramm Østgaard",
"Ivar Holmquist",
"Johan Eliasch"
] |
|
Who was the chair of International Ski Federation in Mar, 2022?
|
March 27, 2022
|
{
"text": [
"Johan Eliasch"
]
}
|
L2_Q212928_P488_4
|
Johan Eliasch is the chair of International Ski Federation from Jan, 2021 to Dec, 2022.
Nikolai Ramm Østgaard is the chair of International Ski Federation from Jan, 1934 to Jan, 1951.
Gian-Franco Kasper is the chair of International Ski Federation from Jan, 1998 to Jan, 2021.
Ivar Holmquist is the chair of International Ski Federation from Jan, 1924 to Jan, 1934.
Marc Hodler is the chair of International Ski Federation from Jan, 1951 to Jan, 1998.
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International Ski FederationThe Fédération internationale de ski (FIS; ) is the highest international governing body for skiing and snowboarding. Founded on 2 February 1924 in Chamonix, France, the FIS is responsible for the Olympic disciplines of Alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, ski jumping, Nordic combined, freestyle skiing and snowboarding. The FIS is also responsible for setting the international competition rules. The organization now has a membership of 118 national ski associations and is based in Oberhofen am Thunersee, Switzerland.More than 45 World Cup wins in all disciplines run by International Ski Federation for men and ladies: The federation organises the following ski sport disciplines, for which it oversees World Cup competitions and World Championships:"Note:" The discipline of Biathlon, which combines cross-country skiing and rifle shooting, has its own organisation, the International Biathlon Union (IBU).List of all hosts:As of 2017, there are 31 official FIS Ski Museums worldwide in 13 countries which are devoted to the history of skiing, taking into account the region's own history of skiing and tourism.
|
[
"Marc Hodler",
"Nikolai Ramm Østgaard",
"Ivar Holmquist",
"Gian-Franco Kasper"
] |
|
Which employer did Paul Stäckel work for in Oct, 1892?
|
October 01, 1892
|
{
"text": [
"University of Halle-Wittenberg"
]
}
|
L2_Q72972_P108_0
|
Paul Stäckel works for University of Königsberg from Jan, 1896 to Jan, 1897.
Paul Stäckel works for Heidelberg University from Jan, 1912 to Jan, 1919.
Paul Stäckel works for University of Halle-Wittenberg from Jan, 1891 to Jan, 1895.
Paul Stäckel works for Karlsruhe Institute of Technology from Jan, 1908 to Jan, 1912.
Paul Stäckel works for University of Kiel from Jan, 1897 to Jan, 1905.
Paul Stäckel works for Leibniz University Hannover from Jan, 1905 to Jan, 1908.
|
Paul StäckelPaul Gustav Samuel Stäckel (20 August 1862, Berlin – 12 December 1919, Heidelberg) was a German mathematician, active in the areas of differential geometry, number theory, and non-Euclidean geometry. In the area of prime number theory, he used the term "twin prime" (in its German form, "Primzahlzwilling") for the first time.After passing his "Abitur" in 1880 he studied mathematics and physics at the University of Berlin, but also listened to lectures on philosophy, psychology, education, and history. A year later he qualified for teaching in higher education and then taught at "Gymnasien" in Berlin. In 1885 he wrote his doctoral dissertation under Leopold Kronecker and Karl Weierstraß. In 1891 he completed his "Habilitation" at the University of Halle. Later he worked as a professor at the University of Königsberg ("außerordentlicher Professor" from 1895 to 1897), the University of Kiel ("ordentlicher Professor", 1897 to 1905), University of Hannover (1905 to 1908), the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (1908 to 1913), and the University of Heidelberg (1913 to 1919).Stäckel worked on both mathematics and the history of mathematics. He edited the letters exchanged between Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wolfgang Bolyai, made contributions to editions of the collected works of Euler and Gauss (for whose works he wrote "Gauss als Geometer"), and edited the "Geometrischen Untersuchungen" by Wolfgang and Johann Bolyai (published in 1913). Additionally he translated works of Jacob Bernoulli, Johann Bernoulli, Augustin Louis Cauchy, Leonhard Euler, Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Adrien-Marie Legendre, Carl Gustav Jacobi from French and Latin into German for the series In 1904 he was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Heidelberg. In 1905 he was the president of the Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung. His doctoral students include Paul Riebesell.
|
[
"University of Königsberg",
"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology",
"Leibniz University Hannover",
"Heidelberg University",
"University of Kiel"
] |
|
Which employer did Paul Stäckel work for in Feb, 1896?
|
February 22, 1896
|
{
"text": [
"University of Königsberg"
]
}
|
L2_Q72972_P108_1
|
Paul Stäckel works for Leibniz University Hannover from Jan, 1905 to Jan, 1908.
Paul Stäckel works for University of Halle-Wittenberg from Jan, 1891 to Jan, 1895.
Paul Stäckel works for Karlsruhe Institute of Technology from Jan, 1908 to Jan, 1912.
Paul Stäckel works for Heidelberg University from Jan, 1912 to Jan, 1919.
Paul Stäckel works for University of Kiel from Jan, 1897 to Jan, 1905.
Paul Stäckel works for University of Königsberg from Jan, 1896 to Jan, 1897.
|
Paul StäckelPaul Gustav Samuel Stäckel (20 August 1862, Berlin – 12 December 1919, Heidelberg) was a German mathematician, active in the areas of differential geometry, number theory, and non-Euclidean geometry. In the area of prime number theory, he used the term "twin prime" (in its German form, "Primzahlzwilling") for the first time.After passing his "Abitur" in 1880 he studied mathematics and physics at the University of Berlin, but also listened to lectures on philosophy, psychology, education, and history. A year later he qualified for teaching in higher education and then taught at "Gymnasien" in Berlin. In 1885 he wrote his doctoral dissertation under Leopold Kronecker and Karl Weierstraß. In 1891 he completed his "Habilitation" at the University of Halle. Later he worked as a professor at the University of Königsberg ("außerordentlicher Professor" from 1895 to 1897), the University of Kiel ("ordentlicher Professor", 1897 to 1905), University of Hannover (1905 to 1908), the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (1908 to 1913), and the University of Heidelberg (1913 to 1919).Stäckel worked on both mathematics and the history of mathematics. He edited the letters exchanged between Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wolfgang Bolyai, made contributions to editions of the collected works of Euler and Gauss (for whose works he wrote "Gauss als Geometer"), and edited the "Geometrischen Untersuchungen" by Wolfgang and Johann Bolyai (published in 1913). Additionally he translated works of Jacob Bernoulli, Johann Bernoulli, Augustin Louis Cauchy, Leonhard Euler, Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Adrien-Marie Legendre, Carl Gustav Jacobi from French and Latin into German for the series In 1904 he was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Heidelberg. In 1905 he was the president of the Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung. His doctoral students include Paul Riebesell.
|
[
"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology",
"University of Halle-Wittenberg",
"Heidelberg University",
"Leibniz University Hannover",
"University of Kiel"
] |
|
Which employer did Paul Stäckel work for in Jan, 1897?
|
January 21, 1897
|
{
"text": [
"University of Kiel",
"University of Königsberg"
]
}
|
L2_Q72972_P108_2
|
Paul Stäckel works for Heidelberg University from Jan, 1912 to Jan, 1919.
Paul Stäckel works for University of Kiel from Jan, 1897 to Jan, 1905.
Paul Stäckel works for University of Halle-Wittenberg from Jan, 1891 to Jan, 1895.
Paul Stäckel works for Leibniz University Hannover from Jan, 1905 to Jan, 1908.
Paul Stäckel works for Karlsruhe Institute of Technology from Jan, 1908 to Jan, 1912.
Paul Stäckel works for University of Königsberg from Jan, 1896 to Jan, 1897.
|
Paul StäckelPaul Gustav Samuel Stäckel (20 August 1862, Berlin – 12 December 1919, Heidelberg) was a German mathematician, active in the areas of differential geometry, number theory, and non-Euclidean geometry. In the area of prime number theory, he used the term "twin prime" (in its German form, "Primzahlzwilling") for the first time.After passing his "Abitur" in 1880 he studied mathematics and physics at the University of Berlin, but also listened to lectures on philosophy, psychology, education, and history. A year later he qualified for teaching in higher education and then taught at "Gymnasien" in Berlin. In 1885 he wrote his doctoral dissertation under Leopold Kronecker and Karl Weierstraß. In 1891 he completed his "Habilitation" at the University of Halle. Later he worked as a professor at the University of Königsberg ("außerordentlicher Professor" from 1895 to 1897), the University of Kiel ("ordentlicher Professor", 1897 to 1905), University of Hannover (1905 to 1908), the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (1908 to 1913), and the University of Heidelberg (1913 to 1919).Stäckel worked on both mathematics and the history of mathematics. He edited the letters exchanged between Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wolfgang Bolyai, made contributions to editions of the collected works of Euler and Gauss (for whose works he wrote "Gauss als Geometer"), and edited the "Geometrischen Untersuchungen" by Wolfgang and Johann Bolyai (published in 1913). Additionally he translated works of Jacob Bernoulli, Johann Bernoulli, Augustin Louis Cauchy, Leonhard Euler, Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Adrien-Marie Legendre, Carl Gustav Jacobi from French and Latin into German for the series In 1904 he was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Heidelberg. In 1905 he was the president of the Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung. His doctoral students include Paul Riebesell.
|
[
"University of Königsberg",
"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology",
"University of Halle-Wittenberg",
"Leibniz University Hannover",
"Heidelberg University",
"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology",
"University of Halle-Wittenberg",
"Leibniz University Hannover",
"Heidelberg University"
] |
|
Which employer did Paul Stäckel work for in Apr, 1905?
|
April 25, 1905
|
{
"text": [
"Leibniz University Hannover"
]
}
|
L2_Q72972_P108_3
|
Paul Stäckel works for University of Königsberg from Jan, 1896 to Jan, 1897.
Paul Stäckel works for University of Kiel from Jan, 1897 to Jan, 1905.
Paul Stäckel works for Heidelberg University from Jan, 1912 to Jan, 1919.
Paul Stäckel works for University of Halle-Wittenberg from Jan, 1891 to Jan, 1895.
Paul Stäckel works for Karlsruhe Institute of Technology from Jan, 1908 to Jan, 1912.
Paul Stäckel works for Leibniz University Hannover from Jan, 1905 to Jan, 1908.
|
Paul StäckelPaul Gustav Samuel Stäckel (20 August 1862, Berlin – 12 December 1919, Heidelberg) was a German mathematician, active in the areas of differential geometry, number theory, and non-Euclidean geometry. In the area of prime number theory, he used the term "twin prime" (in its German form, "Primzahlzwilling") for the first time.After passing his "Abitur" in 1880 he studied mathematics and physics at the University of Berlin, but also listened to lectures on philosophy, psychology, education, and history. A year later he qualified for teaching in higher education and then taught at "Gymnasien" in Berlin. In 1885 he wrote his doctoral dissertation under Leopold Kronecker and Karl Weierstraß. In 1891 he completed his "Habilitation" at the University of Halle. Later he worked as a professor at the University of Königsberg ("außerordentlicher Professor" from 1895 to 1897), the University of Kiel ("ordentlicher Professor", 1897 to 1905), University of Hannover (1905 to 1908), the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (1908 to 1913), and the University of Heidelberg (1913 to 1919).Stäckel worked on both mathematics and the history of mathematics. He edited the letters exchanged between Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wolfgang Bolyai, made contributions to editions of the collected works of Euler and Gauss (for whose works he wrote "Gauss als Geometer"), and edited the "Geometrischen Untersuchungen" by Wolfgang and Johann Bolyai (published in 1913). Additionally he translated works of Jacob Bernoulli, Johann Bernoulli, Augustin Louis Cauchy, Leonhard Euler, Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Adrien-Marie Legendre, Carl Gustav Jacobi from French and Latin into German for the series In 1904 he was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Heidelberg. In 1905 he was the president of the Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung. His doctoral students include Paul Riebesell.
|
[
"University of Königsberg",
"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology",
"University of Halle-Wittenberg",
"Heidelberg University",
"University of Kiel"
] |
|
Which employer did Paul Stäckel work for in Apr, 1908?
|
April 20, 1908
|
{
"text": [
"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology"
]
}
|
L2_Q72972_P108_4
|
Paul Stäckel works for University of Kiel from Jan, 1897 to Jan, 1905.
Paul Stäckel works for University of Halle-Wittenberg from Jan, 1891 to Jan, 1895.
Paul Stäckel works for University of Königsberg from Jan, 1896 to Jan, 1897.
Paul Stäckel works for Leibniz University Hannover from Jan, 1905 to Jan, 1908.
Paul Stäckel works for Heidelberg University from Jan, 1912 to Jan, 1919.
Paul Stäckel works for Karlsruhe Institute of Technology from Jan, 1908 to Jan, 1912.
|
Paul StäckelPaul Gustav Samuel Stäckel (20 August 1862, Berlin – 12 December 1919, Heidelberg) was a German mathematician, active in the areas of differential geometry, number theory, and non-Euclidean geometry. In the area of prime number theory, he used the term "twin prime" (in its German form, "Primzahlzwilling") for the first time.After passing his "Abitur" in 1880 he studied mathematics and physics at the University of Berlin, but also listened to lectures on philosophy, psychology, education, and history. A year later he qualified for teaching in higher education and then taught at "Gymnasien" in Berlin. In 1885 he wrote his doctoral dissertation under Leopold Kronecker and Karl Weierstraß. In 1891 he completed his "Habilitation" at the University of Halle. Later he worked as a professor at the University of Königsberg ("außerordentlicher Professor" from 1895 to 1897), the University of Kiel ("ordentlicher Professor", 1897 to 1905), University of Hannover (1905 to 1908), the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (1908 to 1913), and the University of Heidelberg (1913 to 1919).Stäckel worked on both mathematics and the history of mathematics. He edited the letters exchanged between Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wolfgang Bolyai, made contributions to editions of the collected works of Euler and Gauss (for whose works he wrote "Gauss als Geometer"), and edited the "Geometrischen Untersuchungen" by Wolfgang and Johann Bolyai (published in 1913). Additionally he translated works of Jacob Bernoulli, Johann Bernoulli, Augustin Louis Cauchy, Leonhard Euler, Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Adrien-Marie Legendre, Carl Gustav Jacobi from French and Latin into German for the series In 1904 he was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Heidelberg. In 1905 he was the president of the Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung. His doctoral students include Paul Riebesell.
|
[
"University of Königsberg",
"University of Halle-Wittenberg",
"Leibniz University Hannover",
"Heidelberg University",
"University of Kiel"
] |
|
Which employer did Paul Stäckel work for in Aug, 1917?
|
August 03, 1917
|
{
"text": [
"Heidelberg University"
]
}
|
L2_Q72972_P108_5
|
Paul Stäckel works for University of Königsberg from Jan, 1896 to Jan, 1897.
Paul Stäckel works for University of Halle-Wittenberg from Jan, 1891 to Jan, 1895.
Paul Stäckel works for University of Kiel from Jan, 1897 to Jan, 1905.
Paul Stäckel works for Leibniz University Hannover from Jan, 1905 to Jan, 1908.
Paul Stäckel works for Heidelberg University from Jan, 1912 to Jan, 1919.
Paul Stäckel works for Karlsruhe Institute of Technology from Jan, 1908 to Jan, 1912.
|
Paul StäckelPaul Gustav Samuel Stäckel (20 August 1862, Berlin – 12 December 1919, Heidelberg) was a German mathematician, active in the areas of differential geometry, number theory, and non-Euclidean geometry. In the area of prime number theory, he used the term "twin prime" (in its German form, "Primzahlzwilling") for the first time.After passing his "Abitur" in 1880 he studied mathematics and physics at the University of Berlin, but also listened to lectures on philosophy, psychology, education, and history. A year later he qualified for teaching in higher education and then taught at "Gymnasien" in Berlin. In 1885 he wrote his doctoral dissertation under Leopold Kronecker and Karl Weierstraß. In 1891 he completed his "Habilitation" at the University of Halle. Later he worked as a professor at the University of Königsberg ("außerordentlicher Professor" from 1895 to 1897), the University of Kiel ("ordentlicher Professor", 1897 to 1905), University of Hannover (1905 to 1908), the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (1908 to 1913), and the University of Heidelberg (1913 to 1919).Stäckel worked on both mathematics and the history of mathematics. He edited the letters exchanged between Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wolfgang Bolyai, made contributions to editions of the collected works of Euler and Gauss (for whose works he wrote "Gauss als Geometer"), and edited the "Geometrischen Untersuchungen" by Wolfgang and Johann Bolyai (published in 1913). Additionally he translated works of Jacob Bernoulli, Johann Bernoulli, Augustin Louis Cauchy, Leonhard Euler, Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Adrien-Marie Legendre, Carl Gustav Jacobi from French and Latin into German for the series In 1904 he was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Heidelberg. In 1905 he was the president of the Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung. His doctoral students include Paul Riebesell.
|
[
"University of Königsberg",
"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology",
"University of Halle-Wittenberg",
"Leibniz University Hannover",
"University of Kiel"
] |
|
Which employer did Jean Vercoutter work for in Apr, 1941?
|
April 04, 1941
|
{
"text": [
"Louvre Museum"
]
}
|
L2_Q869643_P108_0
|
Jean Vercoutter works for National Center for Scientific Research from Jan, 1949 to Jan, 1955.
Jean Vercoutter works for University of Lille from Jan, 1960 to Jan, 1976.
Jean Vercoutter works for Louvre Museum from Jan, 1941 to Jan, 1945.
|
Jean VercoutterJean Vercoutter (20 January 1911 – 16 July 2000) was a French Egyptologist. One of the pioneers of archaeological research into Sudan from 1953, he was Director of the Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale from 1977 to 1981.Born in Lambersart, Nord, Vercoutter attended the Académie Julian to learn about painting, but soon turned to Egyptology. In 1939, he graduated from the IVe section of the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes with a thesis on ancient Egyptian funerary objects and was appointed resident of the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology of Cairo (IFAO). He participated in excavations in Karnak and directed an excavation in Tod.Upon his return to France, he joined CNRS (1949–1955). During all these years, he pursued research on the relationship between Egyptians and pre-Hellenes, providing some firm conclusions on the relationship between these two great civilizations and the history of the ancient Aegean world. He was appointed professor at the University of Lille in 1960 and was one of the pioneers in archaeological research into Sudan. Between 1960 and 1964, he concentrated on studying Kor and Aksha, where he had been working in part since 1953, as they were threatened by the construction of the new Aswan Dam. He excavated structures such as the temple of Ramesses II, a Meroitic cemetery, as well as other small cemeteries. Vercoutter also excavated at the site of Saï.He was Director of the Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale from 1977 to 1981. Until his death in 2000 he was still active in the subject, publishing "Les barrages pharaoniques. Leur raison d'être" in 1994. He is the author of , first volume of the collection “Découvertes Gallimard”, which was a bestseller in France, it has been translated into 22 languages and often reprinted.
|
[
"University of Lille",
"National Center for Scientific Research"
] |
|
Which employer did Jean Vercoutter work for in Jul, 1954?
|
July 28, 1954
|
{
"text": [
"National Center for Scientific Research"
]
}
|
L2_Q869643_P108_1
|
Jean Vercoutter works for National Center for Scientific Research from Jan, 1949 to Jan, 1955.
Jean Vercoutter works for University of Lille from Jan, 1960 to Jan, 1976.
Jean Vercoutter works for Louvre Museum from Jan, 1941 to Jan, 1945.
|
Jean VercoutterJean Vercoutter (20 January 1911 – 16 July 2000) was a French Egyptologist. One of the pioneers of archaeological research into Sudan from 1953, he was Director of the Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale from 1977 to 1981.Born in Lambersart, Nord, Vercoutter attended the Académie Julian to learn about painting, but soon turned to Egyptology. In 1939, he graduated from the IVe section of the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes with a thesis on ancient Egyptian funerary objects and was appointed resident of the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology of Cairo (IFAO). He participated in excavations in Karnak and directed an excavation in Tod.Upon his return to France, he joined CNRS (1949–1955). During all these years, he pursued research on the relationship between Egyptians and pre-Hellenes, providing some firm conclusions on the relationship between these two great civilizations and the history of the ancient Aegean world. He was appointed professor at the University of Lille in 1960 and was one of the pioneers in archaeological research into Sudan. Between 1960 and 1964, he concentrated on studying Kor and Aksha, where he had been working in part since 1953, as they were threatened by the construction of the new Aswan Dam. He excavated structures such as the temple of Ramesses II, a Meroitic cemetery, as well as other small cemeteries. Vercoutter also excavated at the site of Saï.He was Director of the Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale from 1977 to 1981. Until his death in 2000 he was still active in the subject, publishing "Les barrages pharaoniques. Leur raison d'être" in 1994. He is the author of , first volume of the collection “Découvertes Gallimard”, which was a bestseller in France, it has been translated into 22 languages and often reprinted.
|
[
"Louvre Museum",
"University of Lille"
] |
|
Which employer did Jean Vercoutter work for in May, 1969?
|
May 31, 1969
|
{
"text": [
"University of Lille"
]
}
|
L2_Q869643_P108_2
|
Jean Vercoutter works for National Center for Scientific Research from Jan, 1949 to Jan, 1955.
Jean Vercoutter works for University of Lille from Jan, 1960 to Jan, 1976.
Jean Vercoutter works for Louvre Museum from Jan, 1941 to Jan, 1945.
|
Jean VercoutterJean Vercoutter (20 January 1911 – 16 July 2000) was a French Egyptologist. One of the pioneers of archaeological research into Sudan from 1953, he was Director of the Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale from 1977 to 1981.Born in Lambersart, Nord, Vercoutter attended the Académie Julian to learn about painting, but soon turned to Egyptology. In 1939, he graduated from the IVe section of the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes with a thesis on ancient Egyptian funerary objects and was appointed resident of the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology of Cairo (IFAO). He participated in excavations in Karnak and directed an excavation in Tod.Upon his return to France, he joined CNRS (1949–1955). During all these years, he pursued research on the relationship between Egyptians and pre-Hellenes, providing some firm conclusions on the relationship between these two great civilizations and the history of the ancient Aegean world. He was appointed professor at the University of Lille in 1960 and was one of the pioneers in archaeological research into Sudan. Between 1960 and 1964, he concentrated on studying Kor and Aksha, where he had been working in part since 1953, as they were threatened by the construction of the new Aswan Dam. He excavated structures such as the temple of Ramesses II, a Meroitic cemetery, as well as other small cemeteries. Vercoutter also excavated at the site of Saï.He was Director of the Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale from 1977 to 1981. Until his death in 2000 he was still active in the subject, publishing "Les barrages pharaoniques. Leur raison d'être" in 1994. He is the author of , first volume of the collection “Découvertes Gallimard”, which was a bestseller in France, it has been translated into 22 languages and often reprinted.
|
[
"Louvre Museum",
"National Center for Scientific Research"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Civic Choice in Feb, 2013?
|
February 14, 2013
|
{
"text": [
"Andrea Riccardi"
]
}
|
L2_Q2792033_P488_0
|
Salvatore Matarrese is the chair of Civic Choice from Jul, 2015 to Jul, 2016.
Mario Monti is the chair of Civic Choice from Mar, 2013 to Oct, 2013.
Renato Balduzzi is the chair of Civic Choice from Jul, 2014 to Sep, 2014.
Alberto Bombassei is the chair of Civic Choice from Oct, 2013 to Apr, 2014.
Andrea Riccardi is the chair of Civic Choice from Jan, 2013 to Mar, 2013.
Mariano Rabino is the chair of Civic Choice from Apr, 2017 to Dec, 2022.
|
Civic ChoiceCivic Choice (, SC) was a centrist and liberal political party in Italy founded by Mario Monti.The party was formed in the run-up of the 2013 general election to support the outgoing Prime Minister Monti and continue his political agenda. In the election SC was part of a centrist coalition named With Monti for Italy, along with Union of the Centre of Pier Ferdinando Casini and Future and Freedom of Gianfranco Fini.In April 2013 SC became part of the grand coalition government led by Enrico Letta of the Democratic Party. In February 2014 after Letta's resignation, Civic Choice supported the cabinet of Matteo Renzi. After that, the party did not support the cabinet of Paolo Gentiloni and, by the end of 2017, joined forces with Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia.Following the 2018 Italian general election, the party was disbanded on 24 July 2019.In order to compete in the upcoming general election, on 4 January 2013 technocratic Prime Minister Mario Monti launched SC as an electoral list of the "civil society" to implement his "agenda". It was announced that SC would be part of the With Monti for Italy (CMI) coalition, alongside the Union of the Centre (UdC) and Future and Freedom (FLI).At its beginnings SC was composed of several groups and individuals, who were represented in the party's lists:In the 2013 general election SC obtained 8.3% of the vote, 37 deputies (in its own lists) and 15 senators (within CMI). After the election, SC deputies and senators formed joint groups named "Civic Choice", including also UdC and FLI MPs, in both houses of Parliament.In late April the party joined Enrico Letta's grand coalition government, which included three SC leading members: Mario Mauro as minister of Defence, Enzo Moavero Milanesi as minister of European Affairs and Carlo Calenda as deputy minister of Economic Development.The party began to take shape too: on 13 March Monti, who replaced Andrea Riccardi as provisional president, appointed Andrea Olivero as coordinator; on ⍌337⍍ Monti was unanimously elected president by the party's assembly; on ⍌338⍍ the leadership proposed by Monti was approved with only three abstentions. In the event Olivero was confirmed coordinator, Alberto Bombassei was appointed first vice president, and Benedetto Della Vedova, a former member of the Italian Radicals, Forza Italia, the PdL and finally FLI, spokesperson. The rest of the leadership was composed mainly by former Democrats: Maria Paola Merloni (vice president), Lorenzo Dellai (party leader in the Chamber of Deputies), Gianluca Susta (party leader in the Senate), Andrea Causin (organizational secretary), Pietro Ichino (platform coordinator) and Gregorio Gitti (local structures' coordinator). No member of Future Italy, a liberal think tank, took a leading role.Since then, the party was often riven by internal disputes. Monti twice presented (and later retracted) his resignation from president. In late July he clashed with the "Catholic" wing of the party, especially with Olivero, whom he accused of being too close to the UdC (whose deputies and senators were part of SC's parliamentary groups). Also Future Italy, seemed to have little patience with the "Catholic" wing and even to be willing to distance from the party.In this phase, an issue which divided SC was the debate on European party affiliation. Some, including the party's "Catholics", former members of PdL and Monti himself, favoured joining the European People's Party (EPP), while others, notably those close to Future Italy, Benedetto Della Vedova and Linda Lanzillotta, preferred the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) Party. It later emerged that Monti had favoured the EPP and had consequently started talks with the EPP's leadership in order to appease the party's Christian democrats led by Mauro and avoid a split.On 17 October 2013 Monti resigned as president of SC and was replaced by his deputy Alberto Bombassei as acting president. Monti cited his disagreement with 12 senators (out of 20), including Mario Mauro, Andrea Olivero, Gabriele Albertini, Pier Ferdinando Casini (UdC leader), Maria Paola Merloni, Luigi Marino and Lucio Romano. Particularly, Monti criticized Mauro's line of unconditioned support to the government and of transforming SC in a larger centre-right political party, open to the PdL. One of the 12 senators, Tito Di Maggio, was even unveiled as PdL–SC–UdC joint candidate for President in Basilicata.After Monti's abrupt departure, spokesperson Benedetto Della Vedova, who represented the liberal wing of the party (including Pietro Ichino, Gianluca Susta, Linda Lanzillotta, etc.), announced that SC would "go on" as a "liberal, people's, reform and European party" and would never form a partnership with the PdL. Lanzillotta remarked that "Italy needs a liberal, people's, deeply reform-minded and Europeanist party" and that "we did not take votes for giving life to a Catholic party and being part of a centre-right still led by Berlusconi. For his part, during a TV interview, Monti stated that "my and SC's commitment does not end now" and that "many tell me they did not vote for SC for the specific reason that we were with president Casini; they might have been right".On 22 October the executive committee voted in favour of the separation from the UdC. The "popular" majority of SC's parliamentary group in the Senate responded by dismissing Susta as floor leader, while Olivero stated that the Populars aimed at forming a party modelled on Germany's Christian Democratic Union. On 6 November the SC senatorial group, dominated by Populars, elected L. Romano as new floor leader; the decision was not endorsed by Bombassei and was opposed by "Montiani" and liberals, who talked about dismissing Lorenzo Dellai from leader in the Chamber as retaliation.On 15 November the Populars walked away from the party's national assembly and left the party altogether. The assembly elected Bombassei president and appointed Stefania Giannini secretary. On 23 November the Populars, led by Mauro, Dellai and Olivero, launched Populars for Italy (PpI). On 10 December the party's break-up was effective in Parliament: 20 deputies (led by Dellai) and 12 senators (led by L. Romano) launched For Italy (PI) groups, while 26 deputies (led by Andrea Romano) and 8 senators (led by Susta) confirmed their allegiance to SC. All the UdC MPs but one joined PI.After Matteo Renzi's election as secretary of the Democratic Party (PD) in December, SC started to approach the centre-left, while ruling out any alliance with the centre-right, once again led by Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia (FI). SC had long expressed a certain affinity for Renzi, and, in early February 2014, Stefania Giannini finally declared that she saw "its party more as the right-wing of a reformed and reforming left than the left-wing of a right that still has in Berlusconi its standard-bearer".Subsequently, SC was a keen supporter of the replacement of Enrico Letta with Renzi.On 22 February 2014 the Renzi Cabinet was sworn in with Giannini, a university professor, as minister of Education.On 4 March it was announced that SC would run in the 2014 European Parliament election within European Choice (SE), an electoral list including, among others, Democratic Centre, Act to Stop the Decline and the Italian Liberal Party. Members of SC topped SE's slates in two of five constituencies. The decision to side with the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) Party, cherished by Guy Verhofstadt (ALDE's candidate for President of the European Commission) and Romano Prodi, prompted the resignation of Andrea Causin, one of SC's few remaining Christian democrats, from organizational secretary.On 10 April Bombassei resigned as president of the party, citing his disagreement with the party's political re-positionment (no longer a third-party force, but a close ally of Renzi's PD, under Giannini's leadership), the change in party's identity and "prevailing personal ambitions".On election day SC/SE received just 0.7% of the vote and failed to return any MEPs. Consequently, Giannini resigned from secretary.In October A. Romano, who had left the position of floor leader in the Chamber some months earlier, left the party in order to join the PD.In November the party's assembly decided that the new leadership, replacing Giannini and Balduzzi, who had been elected to the Supreme Council of Magistrature and had resigned from Parliament, will be selected in a congress to be held in January 2015.Two candidates, Irene Tinagli and Enrico Zanetti, announced their bid for secretary, while Pietro Ichino was the front-runner to become the party's president. However, in mid December, Tinagli retired from the race. In January 2015 Benedetto Della Vedova came out against Zanetti on the grounds that SC should continue to exist only through its parliamentary groups, tried to stop the congress (along with Giannini, Bombassei, Ichino, Tinagli, Carlo Calenda, Linda Lanzillotta and other senior members) and finally decided to run for secretary (along with a third candidate, Luciana Cazzaniga). During the congress, postponed two weeks in order not to overlap with the presidential election triggered by President Giorgio Napolitano's resignation, Zanetti was virtually unanimously elected secretary.However, on 6 February, two days before the congress, eight senior members of the party (including six former Democrats), including its minister (Giannini), its deputy minister (Calenda), two deputies and five senators (including Giannini), had already left the party; all of them, except Calenda (who later became minister), joined the PD. As a result, the party was deprived of its parliamentary group in the Senate. In fact, of the two remaining senators, Della Vedova left during the congress, while Monti was no longer active.In two years, from the 2013 election to February 2015, SC had lost more than the half of its MPs, mostly to Popular Area and the PD.In July 2015 the party's national board elected Salvatore Matarrese president, Angelo D'Agostino first vice president and Valentina Vezzali vice president. More important, the assembly decided that the party would change name and symbol by the end of the summer, in the effort of being more competitive in the 2016 municipal elections. The new chosen name, "Citizens for Italy", would be used only in local elections, indeed.In January 2016, during a cabinet's reshuffle, Zanetti was promoted deputy minister of the Economy, while another SC deputy, Antimo Cesaro, was appointed undersecretary at Culture. Despite this, the party, which had virtually disappeared from opinion polls, continued to lose deputies and its group in the Chamber was reduced to 20 individuals by February. In the meantime, Zanetti explained that there were similarities between SC and Denis Verdini's Liberal Popular Alliance (ALA), and, according to "Corriere della Sera", the two groups could soon merge. In the meantime, SC formed a federative pact with the Moderates.In July, after that the majority of the party's deputies had come in opposition of an alliance with the ALA (a party basically formed by splinters form Berlusconi's FI), Zanetti led four deputies out of the parliamentary group. Contextually, Zanetti, who pretended to be still the leader of SC, started to organise a joint group with the ALA and, possibly, Flavio Tosi's Act!, and a new liberal party with the contribution of Marcello Pera, a former President of the Senate and former leader of FI in Tuscany. The party's national board sided with Zanetti in July and the national assembly did the same in October, with 63 votes in favour and 39 against.This caused the final split of the party and the formation of two different parliamentary groups:In April 2017 Rabino was elected president of the party.In September 2017 Zanetti re-positioned SC from the centre-left to the centre-right and, more specifically, in close alliance with Berlusconi's FI. The 2017 Sicilian regional election, for which SC announced that its candidates would run within FI's lists, marked the first time that SC officially sided with the centre-right. In November, the party's national board endorsed Zanetti's political line and marked SC's official adhesion to the centre-right coalition. The decision was opposed by a vocal minority of the party's membership and three deputies (Ernesto Auci, D'Agostino and Vezzali) subsequently left and formed the European Civics.In December 2017 SC was a founding member of Us with Italy (NcI), a pro-Berlusconi centrist electoral list within the centre-right coalition for the 2018 general election, along with Act!, splinters of Popular Alternative (AP – two groups, a liberal one led by Enrico Costa and a Christian-democratic one led by Maurizio Lupi), Direction Italy (DI), Popular Construction (CP) and the Movement for the Autonomies (MpA). NcI was later enlarged to the UdC and Identity and Action (IdeA), with the goal of reaching 3%, required to win seats from proportional lists under a new electoral law.In the election NcI obtained 1.3% and SC had no deputies or senators elected. After that, the party was "de facto" disbanded.
|
[
"Renato Balduzzi",
"Mariano Rabino",
"Alberto Bombassei",
"Salvatore Matarrese",
"Mario Monti"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Civic Choice in Jun, 2013?
|
June 07, 2013
|
{
"text": [
"Mario Monti"
]
}
|
L2_Q2792033_P488_1
|
Alberto Bombassei is the chair of Civic Choice from Oct, 2013 to Apr, 2014.
Mariano Rabino is the chair of Civic Choice from Apr, 2017 to Dec, 2022.
Salvatore Matarrese is the chair of Civic Choice from Jul, 2015 to Jul, 2016.
Mario Monti is the chair of Civic Choice from Mar, 2013 to Oct, 2013.
Andrea Riccardi is the chair of Civic Choice from Jan, 2013 to Mar, 2013.
Renato Balduzzi is the chair of Civic Choice from Jul, 2014 to Sep, 2014.
|
Civic ChoiceCivic Choice (, SC) was a centrist and liberal political party in Italy founded by Mario Monti.The party was formed in the run-up of the 2013 general election to support the outgoing Prime Minister Monti and continue his political agenda. In the election SC was part of a centrist coalition named With Monti for Italy, along with Union of the Centre of Pier Ferdinando Casini and Future and Freedom of Gianfranco Fini.In April 2013 SC became part of the grand coalition government led by Enrico Letta of the Democratic Party. In February 2014 after Letta's resignation, Civic Choice supported the cabinet of Matteo Renzi. After that, the party did not support the cabinet of Paolo Gentiloni and, by the end of 2017, joined forces with Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia.Following the 2018 Italian general election, the party was disbanded on 24 July 2019.In order to compete in the upcoming general election, on 4 January 2013 technocratic Prime Minister Mario Monti launched SC as an electoral list of the "civil society" to implement his "agenda". It was announced that SC would be part of the With Monti for Italy (CMI) coalition, alongside the Union of the Centre (UdC) and Future and Freedom (FLI).At its beginnings SC was composed of several groups and individuals, who were represented in the party's lists:In the 2013 general election SC obtained 8.3% of the vote, 37 deputies (in its own lists) and 15 senators (within CMI). After the election, SC deputies and senators formed joint groups named "Civic Choice", including also UdC and FLI MPs, in both houses of Parliament.In late April the party joined Enrico Letta's grand coalition government, which included three SC leading members: Mario Mauro as minister of Defence, Enzo Moavero Milanesi as minister of European Affairs and Carlo Calenda as deputy minister of Economic Development.The party began to take shape too: on 13 March Monti, who replaced Andrea Riccardi as provisional president, appointed Andrea Olivero as coordinator; on ⍌337⍍ Monti was unanimously elected president by the party's assembly; on ⍌338⍍ the leadership proposed by Monti was approved with only three abstentions. In the event Olivero was confirmed coordinator, Alberto Bombassei was appointed first vice president, and Benedetto Della Vedova, a former member of the Italian Radicals, Forza Italia, the PdL and finally FLI, spokesperson. The rest of the leadership was composed mainly by former Democrats: Maria Paola Merloni (vice president), Lorenzo Dellai (party leader in the Chamber of Deputies), Gianluca Susta (party leader in the Senate), Andrea Causin (organizational secretary), Pietro Ichino (platform coordinator) and Gregorio Gitti (local structures' coordinator). No member of Future Italy, a liberal think tank, took a leading role.Since then, the party was often riven by internal disputes. Monti twice presented (and later retracted) his resignation from president. In late July he clashed with the "Catholic" wing of the party, especially with Olivero, whom he accused of being too close to the UdC (whose deputies and senators were part of SC's parliamentary groups). Also Future Italy, seemed to have little patience with the "Catholic" wing and even to be willing to distance from the party.In this phase, an issue which divided SC was the debate on European party affiliation. Some, including the party's "Catholics", former members of PdL and Monti himself, favoured joining the European People's Party (EPP), while others, notably those close to Future Italy, Benedetto Della Vedova and Linda Lanzillotta, preferred the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) Party. It later emerged that Monti had favoured the EPP and had consequently started talks with the EPP's leadership in order to appease the party's Christian democrats led by Mauro and avoid a split.On 17 October 2013 Monti resigned as president of SC and was replaced by his deputy Alberto Bombassei as acting president. Monti cited his disagreement with 12 senators (out of 20), including Mario Mauro, Andrea Olivero, Gabriele Albertini, Pier Ferdinando Casini (UdC leader), Maria Paola Merloni, Luigi Marino and Lucio Romano. Particularly, Monti criticized Mauro's line of unconditioned support to the government and of transforming SC in a larger centre-right political party, open to the PdL. One of the 12 senators, Tito Di Maggio, was even unveiled as PdL–SC–UdC joint candidate for President in Basilicata.After Monti's abrupt departure, spokesperson Benedetto Della Vedova, who represented the liberal wing of the party (including Pietro Ichino, Gianluca Susta, Linda Lanzillotta, etc.), announced that SC would "go on" as a "liberal, people's, reform and European party" and would never form a partnership with the PdL. Lanzillotta remarked that "Italy needs a liberal, people's, deeply reform-minded and Europeanist party" and that "we did not take votes for giving life to a Catholic party and being part of a centre-right still led by Berlusconi. For his part, during a TV interview, Monti stated that "my and SC's commitment does not end now" and that "many tell me they did not vote for SC for the specific reason that we were with president Casini; they might have been right".On 22 October the executive committee voted in favour of the separation from the UdC. The "popular" majority of SC's parliamentary group in the Senate responded by dismissing Susta as floor leader, while Olivero stated that the Populars aimed at forming a party modelled on Germany's Christian Democratic Union. On 6 November the SC senatorial group, dominated by Populars, elected L. Romano as new floor leader; the decision was not endorsed by Bombassei and was opposed by "Montiani" and liberals, who talked about dismissing Lorenzo Dellai from leader in the Chamber as retaliation.On 15 November the Populars walked away from the party's national assembly and left the party altogether. The assembly elected Bombassei president and appointed Stefania Giannini secretary. On 23 November the Populars, led by Mauro, Dellai and Olivero, launched Populars for Italy (PpI). On 10 December the party's break-up was effective in Parliament: 20 deputies (led by Dellai) and 12 senators (led by L. Romano) launched For Italy (PI) groups, while 26 deputies (led by Andrea Romano) and 8 senators (led by Susta) confirmed their allegiance to SC. All the UdC MPs but one joined PI.After Matteo Renzi's election as secretary of the Democratic Party (PD) in December, SC started to approach the centre-left, while ruling out any alliance with the centre-right, once again led by Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia (FI). SC had long expressed a certain affinity for Renzi, and, in early February 2014, Stefania Giannini finally declared that she saw "its party more as the right-wing of a reformed and reforming left than the left-wing of a right that still has in Berlusconi its standard-bearer".Subsequently, SC was a keen supporter of the replacement of Enrico Letta with Renzi.On 22 February 2014 the Renzi Cabinet was sworn in with Giannini, a university professor, as minister of Education.On 4 March it was announced that SC would run in the 2014 European Parliament election within European Choice (SE), an electoral list including, among others, Democratic Centre, Act to Stop the Decline and the Italian Liberal Party. Members of SC topped SE's slates in two of five constituencies. The decision to side with the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) Party, cherished by Guy Verhofstadt (ALDE's candidate for President of the European Commission) and Romano Prodi, prompted the resignation of Andrea Causin, one of SC's few remaining Christian democrats, from organizational secretary.On 10 April Bombassei resigned as president of the party, citing his disagreement with the party's political re-positionment (no longer a third-party force, but a close ally of Renzi's PD, under Giannini's leadership), the change in party's identity and "prevailing personal ambitions".On election day SC/SE received just 0.7% of the vote and failed to return any MEPs. Consequently, Giannini resigned from secretary.In October A. Romano, who had left the position of floor leader in the Chamber some months earlier, left the party in order to join the PD.In November the party's assembly decided that the new leadership, replacing Giannini and Balduzzi, who had been elected to the Supreme Council of Magistrature and had resigned from Parliament, will be selected in a congress to be held in January 2015.Two candidates, Irene Tinagli and Enrico Zanetti, announced their bid for secretary, while Pietro Ichino was the front-runner to become the party's president. However, in mid December, Tinagli retired from the race. In January 2015 Benedetto Della Vedova came out against Zanetti on the grounds that SC should continue to exist only through its parliamentary groups, tried to stop the congress (along with Giannini, Bombassei, Ichino, Tinagli, Carlo Calenda, Linda Lanzillotta and other senior members) and finally decided to run for secretary (along with a third candidate, Luciana Cazzaniga). During the congress, postponed two weeks in order not to overlap with the presidential election triggered by President Giorgio Napolitano's resignation, Zanetti was virtually unanimously elected secretary.However, on 6 February, two days before the congress, eight senior members of the party (including six former Democrats), including its minister (Giannini), its deputy minister (Calenda), two deputies and five senators (including Giannini), had already left the party; all of them, except Calenda (who later became minister), joined the PD. As a result, the party was deprived of its parliamentary group in the Senate. In fact, of the two remaining senators, Della Vedova left during the congress, while Monti was no longer active.In two years, from the 2013 election to February 2015, SC had lost more than the half of its MPs, mostly to Popular Area and the PD.In July 2015 the party's national board elected Salvatore Matarrese president, Angelo D'Agostino first vice president and Valentina Vezzali vice president. More important, the assembly decided that the party would change name and symbol by the end of the summer, in the effort of being more competitive in the 2016 municipal elections. The new chosen name, "Citizens for Italy", would be used only in local elections, indeed.In January 2016, during a cabinet's reshuffle, Zanetti was promoted deputy minister of the Economy, while another SC deputy, Antimo Cesaro, was appointed undersecretary at Culture. Despite this, the party, which had virtually disappeared from opinion polls, continued to lose deputies and its group in the Chamber was reduced to 20 individuals by February. In the meantime, Zanetti explained that there were similarities between SC and Denis Verdini's Liberal Popular Alliance (ALA), and, according to "Corriere della Sera", the two groups could soon merge. In the meantime, SC formed a federative pact with the Moderates.In July, after that the majority of the party's deputies had come in opposition of an alliance with the ALA (a party basically formed by splinters form Berlusconi's FI), Zanetti led four deputies out of the parliamentary group. Contextually, Zanetti, who pretended to be still the leader of SC, started to organise a joint group with the ALA and, possibly, Flavio Tosi's Act!, and a new liberal party with the contribution of Marcello Pera, a former President of the Senate and former leader of FI in Tuscany. The party's national board sided with Zanetti in July and the national assembly did the same in October, with 63 votes in favour and 39 against.This caused the final split of the party and the formation of two different parliamentary groups:In April 2017 Rabino was elected president of the party.In September 2017 Zanetti re-positioned SC from the centre-left to the centre-right and, more specifically, in close alliance with Berlusconi's FI. The 2017 Sicilian regional election, for which SC announced that its candidates would run within FI's lists, marked the first time that SC officially sided with the centre-right. In November, the party's national board endorsed Zanetti's political line and marked SC's official adhesion to the centre-right coalition. The decision was opposed by a vocal minority of the party's membership and three deputies (Ernesto Auci, D'Agostino and Vezzali) subsequently left and formed the European Civics.In December 2017 SC was a founding member of Us with Italy (NcI), a pro-Berlusconi centrist electoral list within the centre-right coalition for the 2018 general election, along with Act!, splinters of Popular Alternative (AP – two groups, a liberal one led by Enrico Costa and a Christian-democratic one led by Maurizio Lupi), Direction Italy (DI), Popular Construction (CP) and the Movement for the Autonomies (MpA). NcI was later enlarged to the UdC and Identity and Action (IdeA), with the goal of reaching 3%, required to win seats from proportional lists under a new electoral law.In the election NcI obtained 1.3% and SC had no deputies or senators elected. After that, the party was "de facto" disbanded.
|
[
"Renato Balduzzi",
"Mariano Rabino",
"Alberto Bombassei",
"Salvatore Matarrese",
"Andrea Riccardi"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Civic Choice in Jan, 2014?
|
January 09, 2014
|
{
"text": [
"Alberto Bombassei"
]
}
|
L2_Q2792033_P488_2
|
Salvatore Matarrese is the chair of Civic Choice from Jul, 2015 to Jul, 2016.
Alberto Bombassei is the chair of Civic Choice from Oct, 2013 to Apr, 2014.
Mariano Rabino is the chair of Civic Choice from Apr, 2017 to Dec, 2022.
Andrea Riccardi is the chair of Civic Choice from Jan, 2013 to Mar, 2013.
Mario Monti is the chair of Civic Choice from Mar, 2013 to Oct, 2013.
Renato Balduzzi is the chair of Civic Choice from Jul, 2014 to Sep, 2014.
|
Civic ChoiceCivic Choice (, SC) was a centrist and liberal political party in Italy founded by Mario Monti.The party was formed in the run-up of the 2013 general election to support the outgoing Prime Minister Monti and continue his political agenda. In the election SC was part of a centrist coalition named With Monti for Italy, along with Union of the Centre of Pier Ferdinando Casini and Future and Freedom of Gianfranco Fini.In April 2013 SC became part of the grand coalition government led by Enrico Letta of the Democratic Party. In February 2014 after Letta's resignation, Civic Choice supported the cabinet of Matteo Renzi. After that, the party did not support the cabinet of Paolo Gentiloni and, by the end of 2017, joined forces with Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia.Following the 2018 Italian general election, the party was disbanded on 24 July 2019.In order to compete in the upcoming general election, on 4 January 2013 technocratic Prime Minister Mario Monti launched SC as an electoral list of the "civil society" to implement his "agenda". It was announced that SC would be part of the With Monti for Italy (CMI) coalition, alongside the Union of the Centre (UdC) and Future and Freedom (FLI).At its beginnings SC was composed of several groups and individuals, who were represented in the party's lists:In the 2013 general election SC obtained 8.3% of the vote, 37 deputies (in its own lists) and 15 senators (within CMI). After the election, SC deputies and senators formed joint groups named "Civic Choice", including also UdC and FLI MPs, in both houses of Parliament.In late April the party joined Enrico Letta's grand coalition government, which included three SC leading members: Mario Mauro as minister of Defence, Enzo Moavero Milanesi as minister of European Affairs and Carlo Calenda as deputy minister of Economic Development.The party began to take shape too: on 13 March Monti, who replaced Andrea Riccardi as provisional president, appointed Andrea Olivero as coordinator; on ⍌337⍍ Monti was unanimously elected president by the party's assembly; on ⍌338⍍ the leadership proposed by Monti was approved with only three abstentions. In the event Olivero was confirmed coordinator, Alberto Bombassei was appointed first vice president, and Benedetto Della Vedova, a former member of the Italian Radicals, Forza Italia, the PdL and finally FLI, spokesperson. The rest of the leadership was composed mainly by former Democrats: Maria Paola Merloni (vice president), Lorenzo Dellai (party leader in the Chamber of Deputies), Gianluca Susta (party leader in the Senate), Andrea Causin (organizational secretary), Pietro Ichino (platform coordinator) and Gregorio Gitti (local structures' coordinator). No member of Future Italy, a liberal think tank, took a leading role.Since then, the party was often riven by internal disputes. Monti twice presented (and later retracted) his resignation from president. In late July he clashed with the "Catholic" wing of the party, especially with Olivero, whom he accused of being too close to the UdC (whose deputies and senators were part of SC's parliamentary groups). Also Future Italy, seemed to have little patience with the "Catholic" wing and even to be willing to distance from the party.In this phase, an issue which divided SC was the debate on European party affiliation. Some, including the party's "Catholics", former members of PdL and Monti himself, favoured joining the European People's Party (EPP), while others, notably those close to Future Italy, Benedetto Della Vedova and Linda Lanzillotta, preferred the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) Party. It later emerged that Monti had favoured the EPP and had consequently started talks with the EPP's leadership in order to appease the party's Christian democrats led by Mauro and avoid a split.On 17 October 2013 Monti resigned as president of SC and was replaced by his deputy Alberto Bombassei as acting president. Monti cited his disagreement with 12 senators (out of 20), including Mario Mauro, Andrea Olivero, Gabriele Albertini, Pier Ferdinando Casini (UdC leader), Maria Paola Merloni, Luigi Marino and Lucio Romano. Particularly, Monti criticized Mauro's line of unconditioned support to the government and of transforming SC in a larger centre-right political party, open to the PdL. One of the 12 senators, Tito Di Maggio, was even unveiled as PdL–SC–UdC joint candidate for President in Basilicata.After Monti's abrupt departure, spokesperson Benedetto Della Vedova, who represented the liberal wing of the party (including Pietro Ichino, Gianluca Susta, Linda Lanzillotta, etc.), announced that SC would "go on" as a "liberal, people's, reform and European party" and would never form a partnership with the PdL. Lanzillotta remarked that "Italy needs a liberal, people's, deeply reform-minded and Europeanist party" and that "we did not take votes for giving life to a Catholic party and being part of a centre-right still led by Berlusconi. For his part, during a TV interview, Monti stated that "my and SC's commitment does not end now" and that "many tell me they did not vote for SC for the specific reason that we were with president Casini; they might have been right".On 22 October the executive committee voted in favour of the separation from the UdC. The "popular" majority of SC's parliamentary group in the Senate responded by dismissing Susta as floor leader, while Olivero stated that the Populars aimed at forming a party modelled on Germany's Christian Democratic Union. On 6 November the SC senatorial group, dominated by Populars, elected L. Romano as new floor leader; the decision was not endorsed by Bombassei and was opposed by "Montiani" and liberals, who talked about dismissing Lorenzo Dellai from leader in the Chamber as retaliation.On 15 November the Populars walked away from the party's national assembly and left the party altogether. The assembly elected Bombassei president and appointed Stefania Giannini secretary. On 23 November the Populars, led by Mauro, Dellai and Olivero, launched Populars for Italy (PpI). On 10 December the party's break-up was effective in Parliament: 20 deputies (led by Dellai) and 12 senators (led by L. Romano) launched For Italy (PI) groups, while 26 deputies (led by Andrea Romano) and 8 senators (led by Susta) confirmed their allegiance to SC. All the UdC MPs but one joined PI.After Matteo Renzi's election as secretary of the Democratic Party (PD) in December, SC started to approach the centre-left, while ruling out any alliance with the centre-right, once again led by Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia (FI). SC had long expressed a certain affinity for Renzi, and, in early February 2014, Stefania Giannini finally declared that she saw "its party more as the right-wing of a reformed and reforming left than the left-wing of a right that still has in Berlusconi its standard-bearer".Subsequently, SC was a keen supporter of the replacement of Enrico Letta with Renzi.On 22 February 2014 the Renzi Cabinet was sworn in with Giannini, a university professor, as minister of Education.On 4 March it was announced that SC would run in the 2014 European Parliament election within European Choice (SE), an electoral list including, among others, Democratic Centre, Act to Stop the Decline and the Italian Liberal Party. Members of SC topped SE's slates in two of five constituencies. The decision to side with the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) Party, cherished by Guy Verhofstadt (ALDE's candidate for President of the European Commission) and Romano Prodi, prompted the resignation of Andrea Causin, one of SC's few remaining Christian democrats, from organizational secretary.On 10 April Bombassei resigned as president of the party, citing his disagreement with the party's political re-positionment (no longer a third-party force, but a close ally of Renzi's PD, under Giannini's leadership), the change in party's identity and "prevailing personal ambitions".On election day SC/SE received just 0.7% of the vote and failed to return any MEPs. Consequently, Giannini resigned from secretary.In October A. Romano, who had left the position of floor leader in the Chamber some months earlier, left the party in order to join the PD.In November the party's assembly decided that the new leadership, replacing Giannini and Balduzzi, who had been elected to the Supreme Council of Magistrature and had resigned from Parliament, will be selected in a congress to be held in January 2015.Two candidates, Irene Tinagli and Enrico Zanetti, announced their bid for secretary, while Pietro Ichino was the front-runner to become the party's president. However, in mid December, Tinagli retired from the race. In January 2015 Benedetto Della Vedova came out against Zanetti on the grounds that SC should continue to exist only through its parliamentary groups, tried to stop the congress (along with Giannini, Bombassei, Ichino, Tinagli, Carlo Calenda, Linda Lanzillotta and other senior members) and finally decided to run for secretary (along with a third candidate, Luciana Cazzaniga). During the congress, postponed two weeks in order not to overlap with the presidential election triggered by President Giorgio Napolitano's resignation, Zanetti was virtually unanimously elected secretary.However, on 6 February, two days before the congress, eight senior members of the party (including six former Democrats), including its minister (Giannini), its deputy minister (Calenda), two deputies and five senators (including Giannini), had already left the party; all of them, except Calenda (who later became minister), joined the PD. As a result, the party was deprived of its parliamentary group in the Senate. In fact, of the two remaining senators, Della Vedova left during the congress, while Monti was no longer active.In two years, from the 2013 election to February 2015, SC had lost more than the half of its MPs, mostly to Popular Area and the PD.In July 2015 the party's national board elected Salvatore Matarrese president, Angelo D'Agostino first vice president and Valentina Vezzali vice president. More important, the assembly decided that the party would change name and symbol by the end of the summer, in the effort of being more competitive in the 2016 municipal elections. The new chosen name, "Citizens for Italy", would be used only in local elections, indeed.In January 2016, during a cabinet's reshuffle, Zanetti was promoted deputy minister of the Economy, while another SC deputy, Antimo Cesaro, was appointed undersecretary at Culture. Despite this, the party, which had virtually disappeared from opinion polls, continued to lose deputies and its group in the Chamber was reduced to 20 individuals by February. In the meantime, Zanetti explained that there were similarities between SC and Denis Verdini's Liberal Popular Alliance (ALA), and, according to "Corriere della Sera", the two groups could soon merge. In the meantime, SC formed a federative pact with the Moderates.In July, after that the majority of the party's deputies had come in opposition of an alliance with the ALA (a party basically formed by splinters form Berlusconi's FI), Zanetti led four deputies out of the parliamentary group. Contextually, Zanetti, who pretended to be still the leader of SC, started to organise a joint group with the ALA and, possibly, Flavio Tosi's Act!, and a new liberal party with the contribution of Marcello Pera, a former President of the Senate and former leader of FI in Tuscany. The party's national board sided with Zanetti in July and the national assembly did the same in October, with 63 votes in favour and 39 against.This caused the final split of the party and the formation of two different parliamentary groups:In April 2017 Rabino was elected president of the party.In September 2017 Zanetti re-positioned SC from the centre-left to the centre-right and, more specifically, in close alliance with Berlusconi's FI. The 2017 Sicilian regional election, for which SC announced that its candidates would run within FI's lists, marked the first time that SC officially sided with the centre-right. In November, the party's national board endorsed Zanetti's political line and marked SC's official adhesion to the centre-right coalition. The decision was opposed by a vocal minority of the party's membership and three deputies (Ernesto Auci, D'Agostino and Vezzali) subsequently left and formed the European Civics.In December 2017 SC was a founding member of Us with Italy (NcI), a pro-Berlusconi centrist electoral list within the centre-right coalition for the 2018 general election, along with Act!, splinters of Popular Alternative (AP – two groups, a liberal one led by Enrico Costa and a Christian-democratic one led by Maurizio Lupi), Direction Italy (DI), Popular Construction (CP) and the Movement for the Autonomies (MpA). NcI was later enlarged to the UdC and Identity and Action (IdeA), with the goal of reaching 3%, required to win seats from proportional lists under a new electoral law.In the election NcI obtained 1.3% and SC had no deputies or senators elected. After that, the party was "de facto" disbanded.
|
[
"Renato Balduzzi",
"Mariano Rabino",
"Salvatore Matarrese",
"Andrea Riccardi",
"Mario Monti"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Civic Choice in Sep, 2014?
|
September 15, 2014
|
{
"text": [
"Renato Balduzzi"
]
}
|
L2_Q2792033_P488_3
|
Renato Balduzzi is the chair of Civic Choice from Jul, 2014 to Sep, 2014.
Andrea Riccardi is the chair of Civic Choice from Jan, 2013 to Mar, 2013.
Mario Monti is the chair of Civic Choice from Mar, 2013 to Oct, 2013.
Alberto Bombassei is the chair of Civic Choice from Oct, 2013 to Apr, 2014.
Mariano Rabino is the chair of Civic Choice from Apr, 2017 to Dec, 2022.
Salvatore Matarrese is the chair of Civic Choice from Jul, 2015 to Jul, 2016.
|
Civic ChoiceCivic Choice (, SC) was a centrist and liberal political party in Italy founded by Mario Monti.The party was formed in the run-up of the 2013 general election to support the outgoing Prime Minister Monti and continue his political agenda. In the election SC was part of a centrist coalition named With Monti for Italy, along with Union of the Centre of Pier Ferdinando Casini and Future and Freedom of Gianfranco Fini.In April 2013 SC became part of the grand coalition government led by Enrico Letta of the Democratic Party. In February 2014 after Letta's resignation, Civic Choice supported the cabinet of Matteo Renzi. After that, the party did not support the cabinet of Paolo Gentiloni and, by the end of 2017, joined forces with Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia.Following the 2018 Italian general election, the party was disbanded on 24 July 2019.In order to compete in the upcoming general election, on 4 January 2013 technocratic Prime Minister Mario Monti launched SC as an electoral list of the "civil society" to implement his "agenda". It was announced that SC would be part of the With Monti for Italy (CMI) coalition, alongside the Union of the Centre (UdC) and Future and Freedom (FLI).At its beginnings SC was composed of several groups and individuals, who were represented in the party's lists:In the 2013 general election SC obtained 8.3% of the vote, 37 deputies (in its own lists) and 15 senators (within CMI). After the election, SC deputies and senators formed joint groups named "Civic Choice", including also UdC and FLI MPs, in both houses of Parliament.In late April the party joined Enrico Letta's grand coalition government, which included three SC leading members: Mario Mauro as minister of Defence, Enzo Moavero Milanesi as minister of European Affairs and Carlo Calenda as deputy minister of Economic Development.The party began to take shape too: on 13 March Monti, who replaced Andrea Riccardi as provisional president, appointed Andrea Olivero as coordinator; on ⍌337⍍ Monti was unanimously elected president by the party's assembly; on ⍌338⍍ the leadership proposed by Monti was approved with only three abstentions. In the event Olivero was confirmed coordinator, Alberto Bombassei was appointed first vice president, and Benedetto Della Vedova, a former member of the Italian Radicals, Forza Italia, the PdL and finally FLI, spokesperson. The rest of the leadership was composed mainly by former Democrats: Maria Paola Merloni (vice president), Lorenzo Dellai (party leader in the Chamber of Deputies), Gianluca Susta (party leader in the Senate), Andrea Causin (organizational secretary), Pietro Ichino (platform coordinator) and Gregorio Gitti (local structures' coordinator). No member of Future Italy, a liberal think tank, took a leading role.Since then, the party was often riven by internal disputes. Monti twice presented (and later retracted) his resignation from president. In late July he clashed with the "Catholic" wing of the party, especially with Olivero, whom he accused of being too close to the UdC (whose deputies and senators were part of SC's parliamentary groups). Also Future Italy, seemed to have little patience with the "Catholic" wing and even to be willing to distance from the party.In this phase, an issue which divided SC was the debate on European party affiliation. Some, including the party's "Catholics", former members of PdL and Monti himself, favoured joining the European People's Party (EPP), while others, notably those close to Future Italy, Benedetto Della Vedova and Linda Lanzillotta, preferred the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) Party. It later emerged that Monti had favoured the EPP and had consequently started talks with the EPP's leadership in order to appease the party's Christian democrats led by Mauro and avoid a split.On 17 October 2013 Monti resigned as president of SC and was replaced by his deputy Alberto Bombassei as acting president. Monti cited his disagreement with 12 senators (out of 20), including Mario Mauro, Andrea Olivero, Gabriele Albertini, Pier Ferdinando Casini (UdC leader), Maria Paola Merloni, Luigi Marino and Lucio Romano. Particularly, Monti criticized Mauro's line of unconditioned support to the government and of transforming SC in a larger centre-right political party, open to the PdL. One of the 12 senators, Tito Di Maggio, was even unveiled as PdL–SC–UdC joint candidate for President in Basilicata.After Monti's abrupt departure, spokesperson Benedetto Della Vedova, who represented the liberal wing of the party (including Pietro Ichino, Gianluca Susta, Linda Lanzillotta, etc.), announced that SC would "go on" as a "liberal, people's, reform and European party" and would never form a partnership with the PdL. Lanzillotta remarked that "Italy needs a liberal, people's, deeply reform-minded and Europeanist party" and that "we did not take votes for giving life to a Catholic party and being part of a centre-right still led by Berlusconi. For his part, during a TV interview, Monti stated that "my and SC's commitment does not end now" and that "many tell me they did not vote for SC for the specific reason that we were with president Casini; they might have been right".On 22 October the executive committee voted in favour of the separation from the UdC. The "popular" majority of SC's parliamentary group in the Senate responded by dismissing Susta as floor leader, while Olivero stated that the Populars aimed at forming a party modelled on Germany's Christian Democratic Union. On 6 November the SC senatorial group, dominated by Populars, elected L. Romano as new floor leader; the decision was not endorsed by Bombassei and was opposed by "Montiani" and liberals, who talked about dismissing Lorenzo Dellai from leader in the Chamber as retaliation.On 15 November the Populars walked away from the party's national assembly and left the party altogether. The assembly elected Bombassei president and appointed Stefania Giannini secretary. On 23 November the Populars, led by Mauro, Dellai and Olivero, launched Populars for Italy (PpI). On 10 December the party's break-up was effective in Parliament: 20 deputies (led by Dellai) and 12 senators (led by L. Romano) launched For Italy (PI) groups, while 26 deputies (led by Andrea Romano) and 8 senators (led by Susta) confirmed their allegiance to SC. All the UdC MPs but one joined PI.After Matteo Renzi's election as secretary of the Democratic Party (PD) in December, SC started to approach the centre-left, while ruling out any alliance with the centre-right, once again led by Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia (FI). SC had long expressed a certain affinity for Renzi, and, in early February 2014, Stefania Giannini finally declared that she saw "its party more as the right-wing of a reformed and reforming left than the left-wing of a right that still has in Berlusconi its standard-bearer".Subsequently, SC was a keen supporter of the replacement of Enrico Letta with Renzi.On 22 February 2014 the Renzi Cabinet was sworn in with Giannini, a university professor, as minister of Education.On 4 March it was announced that SC would run in the 2014 European Parliament election within European Choice (SE), an electoral list including, among others, Democratic Centre, Act to Stop the Decline and the Italian Liberal Party. Members of SC topped SE's slates in two of five constituencies. The decision to side with the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) Party, cherished by Guy Verhofstadt (ALDE's candidate for President of the European Commission) and Romano Prodi, prompted the resignation of Andrea Causin, one of SC's few remaining Christian democrats, from organizational secretary.On 10 April Bombassei resigned as president of the party, citing his disagreement with the party's political re-positionment (no longer a third-party force, but a close ally of Renzi's PD, under Giannini's leadership), the change in party's identity and "prevailing personal ambitions".On election day SC/SE received just 0.7% of the vote and failed to return any MEPs. Consequently, Giannini resigned from secretary.In October A. Romano, who had left the position of floor leader in the Chamber some months earlier, left the party in order to join the PD.In November the party's assembly decided that the new leadership, replacing Giannini and Balduzzi, who had been elected to the Supreme Council of Magistrature and had resigned from Parliament, will be selected in a congress to be held in January 2015.Two candidates, Irene Tinagli and Enrico Zanetti, announced their bid for secretary, while Pietro Ichino was the front-runner to become the party's president. However, in mid December, Tinagli retired from the race. In January 2015 Benedetto Della Vedova came out against Zanetti on the grounds that SC should continue to exist only through its parliamentary groups, tried to stop the congress (along with Giannini, Bombassei, Ichino, Tinagli, Carlo Calenda, Linda Lanzillotta and other senior members) and finally decided to run for secretary (along with a third candidate, Luciana Cazzaniga). During the congress, postponed two weeks in order not to overlap with the presidential election triggered by President Giorgio Napolitano's resignation, Zanetti was virtually unanimously elected secretary.However, on 6 February, two days before the congress, eight senior members of the party (including six former Democrats), including its minister (Giannini), its deputy minister (Calenda), two deputies and five senators (including Giannini), had already left the party; all of them, except Calenda (who later became minister), joined the PD. As a result, the party was deprived of its parliamentary group in the Senate. In fact, of the two remaining senators, Della Vedova left during the congress, while Monti was no longer active.In two years, from the 2013 election to February 2015, SC had lost more than the half of its MPs, mostly to Popular Area and the PD.In July 2015 the party's national board elected Salvatore Matarrese president, Angelo D'Agostino first vice president and Valentina Vezzali vice president. More important, the assembly decided that the party would change name and symbol by the end of the summer, in the effort of being more competitive in the 2016 municipal elections. The new chosen name, "Citizens for Italy", would be used only in local elections, indeed.In January 2016, during a cabinet's reshuffle, Zanetti was promoted deputy minister of the Economy, while another SC deputy, Antimo Cesaro, was appointed undersecretary at Culture. Despite this, the party, which had virtually disappeared from opinion polls, continued to lose deputies and its group in the Chamber was reduced to 20 individuals by February. In the meantime, Zanetti explained that there were similarities between SC and Denis Verdini's Liberal Popular Alliance (ALA), and, according to "Corriere della Sera", the two groups could soon merge. In the meantime, SC formed a federative pact with the Moderates.In July, after that the majority of the party's deputies had come in opposition of an alliance with the ALA (a party basically formed by splinters form Berlusconi's FI), Zanetti led four deputies out of the parliamentary group. Contextually, Zanetti, who pretended to be still the leader of SC, started to organise a joint group with the ALA and, possibly, Flavio Tosi's Act!, and a new liberal party with the contribution of Marcello Pera, a former President of the Senate and former leader of FI in Tuscany. The party's national board sided with Zanetti in July and the national assembly did the same in October, with 63 votes in favour and 39 against.This caused the final split of the party and the formation of two different parliamentary groups:In April 2017 Rabino was elected president of the party.In September 2017 Zanetti re-positioned SC from the centre-left to the centre-right and, more specifically, in close alliance with Berlusconi's FI. The 2017 Sicilian regional election, for which SC announced that its candidates would run within FI's lists, marked the first time that SC officially sided with the centre-right. In November, the party's national board endorsed Zanetti's political line and marked SC's official adhesion to the centre-right coalition. The decision was opposed by a vocal minority of the party's membership and three deputies (Ernesto Auci, D'Agostino and Vezzali) subsequently left and formed the European Civics.In December 2017 SC was a founding member of Us with Italy (NcI), a pro-Berlusconi centrist electoral list within the centre-right coalition for the 2018 general election, along with Act!, splinters of Popular Alternative (AP – two groups, a liberal one led by Enrico Costa and a Christian-democratic one led by Maurizio Lupi), Direction Italy (DI), Popular Construction (CP) and the Movement for the Autonomies (MpA). NcI was later enlarged to the UdC and Identity and Action (IdeA), with the goal of reaching 3%, required to win seats from proportional lists under a new electoral law.In the election NcI obtained 1.3% and SC had no deputies or senators elected. After that, the party was "de facto" disbanded.
|
[
"Mariano Rabino",
"Alberto Bombassei",
"Salvatore Matarrese",
"Andrea Riccardi",
"Mario Monti"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Civic Choice in Mar, 2016?
|
March 17, 2016
|
{
"text": [
"Salvatore Matarrese"
]
}
|
L2_Q2792033_P488_4
|
Salvatore Matarrese is the chair of Civic Choice from Jul, 2015 to Jul, 2016.
Renato Balduzzi is the chair of Civic Choice from Jul, 2014 to Sep, 2014.
Mario Monti is the chair of Civic Choice from Mar, 2013 to Oct, 2013.
Mariano Rabino is the chair of Civic Choice from Apr, 2017 to Dec, 2022.
Alberto Bombassei is the chair of Civic Choice from Oct, 2013 to Apr, 2014.
Andrea Riccardi is the chair of Civic Choice from Jan, 2013 to Mar, 2013.
|
Civic ChoiceCivic Choice (, SC) was a centrist and liberal political party in Italy founded by Mario Monti.The party was formed in the run-up of the 2013 general election to support the outgoing Prime Minister Monti and continue his political agenda. In the election SC was part of a centrist coalition named With Monti for Italy, along with Union of the Centre of Pier Ferdinando Casini and Future and Freedom of Gianfranco Fini.In April 2013 SC became part of the grand coalition government led by Enrico Letta of the Democratic Party. In February 2014 after Letta's resignation, Civic Choice supported the cabinet of Matteo Renzi. After that, the party did not support the cabinet of Paolo Gentiloni and, by the end of 2017, joined forces with Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia.Following the 2018 Italian general election, the party was disbanded on 24 July 2019.In order to compete in the upcoming general election, on 4 January 2013 technocratic Prime Minister Mario Monti launched SC as an electoral list of the "civil society" to implement his "agenda". It was announced that SC would be part of the With Monti for Italy (CMI) coalition, alongside the Union of the Centre (UdC) and Future and Freedom (FLI).At its beginnings SC was composed of several groups and individuals, who were represented in the party's lists:In the 2013 general election SC obtained 8.3% of the vote, 37 deputies (in its own lists) and 15 senators (within CMI). After the election, SC deputies and senators formed joint groups named "Civic Choice", including also UdC and FLI MPs, in both houses of Parliament.In late April the party joined Enrico Letta's grand coalition government, which included three SC leading members: Mario Mauro as minister of Defence, Enzo Moavero Milanesi as minister of European Affairs and Carlo Calenda as deputy minister of Economic Development.The party began to take shape too: on 13 March Monti, who replaced Andrea Riccardi as provisional president, appointed Andrea Olivero as coordinator; on ⍌337⍍ Monti was unanimously elected president by the party's assembly; on ⍌338⍍ the leadership proposed by Monti was approved with only three abstentions. In the event Olivero was confirmed coordinator, Alberto Bombassei was appointed first vice president, and Benedetto Della Vedova, a former member of the Italian Radicals, Forza Italia, the PdL and finally FLI, spokesperson. The rest of the leadership was composed mainly by former Democrats: Maria Paola Merloni (vice president), Lorenzo Dellai (party leader in the Chamber of Deputies), Gianluca Susta (party leader in the Senate), Andrea Causin (organizational secretary), Pietro Ichino (platform coordinator) and Gregorio Gitti (local structures' coordinator). No member of Future Italy, a liberal think tank, took a leading role.Since then, the party was often riven by internal disputes. Monti twice presented (and later retracted) his resignation from president. In late July he clashed with the "Catholic" wing of the party, especially with Olivero, whom he accused of being too close to the UdC (whose deputies and senators were part of SC's parliamentary groups). Also Future Italy, seemed to have little patience with the "Catholic" wing and even to be willing to distance from the party.In this phase, an issue which divided SC was the debate on European party affiliation. Some, including the party's "Catholics", former members of PdL and Monti himself, favoured joining the European People's Party (EPP), while others, notably those close to Future Italy, Benedetto Della Vedova and Linda Lanzillotta, preferred the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) Party. It later emerged that Monti had favoured the EPP and had consequently started talks with the EPP's leadership in order to appease the party's Christian democrats led by Mauro and avoid a split.On 17 October 2013 Monti resigned as president of SC and was replaced by his deputy Alberto Bombassei as acting president. Monti cited his disagreement with 12 senators (out of 20), including Mario Mauro, Andrea Olivero, Gabriele Albertini, Pier Ferdinando Casini (UdC leader), Maria Paola Merloni, Luigi Marino and Lucio Romano. Particularly, Monti criticized Mauro's line of unconditioned support to the government and of transforming SC in a larger centre-right political party, open to the PdL. One of the 12 senators, Tito Di Maggio, was even unveiled as PdL–SC–UdC joint candidate for President in Basilicata.After Monti's abrupt departure, spokesperson Benedetto Della Vedova, who represented the liberal wing of the party (including Pietro Ichino, Gianluca Susta, Linda Lanzillotta, etc.), announced that SC would "go on" as a "liberal, people's, reform and European party" and would never form a partnership with the PdL. Lanzillotta remarked that "Italy needs a liberal, people's, deeply reform-minded and Europeanist party" and that "we did not take votes for giving life to a Catholic party and being part of a centre-right still led by Berlusconi. For his part, during a TV interview, Monti stated that "my and SC's commitment does not end now" and that "many tell me they did not vote for SC for the specific reason that we were with president Casini; they might have been right".On 22 October the executive committee voted in favour of the separation from the UdC. The "popular" majority of SC's parliamentary group in the Senate responded by dismissing Susta as floor leader, while Olivero stated that the Populars aimed at forming a party modelled on Germany's Christian Democratic Union. On 6 November the SC senatorial group, dominated by Populars, elected L. Romano as new floor leader; the decision was not endorsed by Bombassei and was opposed by "Montiani" and liberals, who talked about dismissing Lorenzo Dellai from leader in the Chamber as retaliation.On 15 November the Populars walked away from the party's national assembly and left the party altogether. The assembly elected Bombassei president and appointed Stefania Giannini secretary. On 23 November the Populars, led by Mauro, Dellai and Olivero, launched Populars for Italy (PpI). On 10 December the party's break-up was effective in Parliament: 20 deputies (led by Dellai) and 12 senators (led by L. Romano) launched For Italy (PI) groups, while 26 deputies (led by Andrea Romano) and 8 senators (led by Susta) confirmed their allegiance to SC. All the UdC MPs but one joined PI.After Matteo Renzi's election as secretary of the Democratic Party (PD) in December, SC started to approach the centre-left, while ruling out any alliance with the centre-right, once again led by Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia (FI). SC had long expressed a certain affinity for Renzi, and, in early February 2014, Stefania Giannini finally declared that she saw "its party more as the right-wing of a reformed and reforming left than the left-wing of a right that still has in Berlusconi its standard-bearer".Subsequently, SC was a keen supporter of the replacement of Enrico Letta with Renzi.On 22 February 2014 the Renzi Cabinet was sworn in with Giannini, a university professor, as minister of Education.On 4 March it was announced that SC would run in the 2014 European Parliament election within European Choice (SE), an electoral list including, among others, Democratic Centre, Act to Stop the Decline and the Italian Liberal Party. Members of SC topped SE's slates in two of five constituencies. The decision to side with the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) Party, cherished by Guy Verhofstadt (ALDE's candidate for President of the European Commission) and Romano Prodi, prompted the resignation of Andrea Causin, one of SC's few remaining Christian democrats, from organizational secretary.On 10 April Bombassei resigned as president of the party, citing his disagreement with the party's political re-positionment (no longer a third-party force, but a close ally of Renzi's PD, under Giannini's leadership), the change in party's identity and "prevailing personal ambitions".On election day SC/SE received just 0.7% of the vote and failed to return any MEPs. Consequently, Giannini resigned from secretary.In October A. Romano, who had left the position of floor leader in the Chamber some months earlier, left the party in order to join the PD.In November the party's assembly decided that the new leadership, replacing Giannini and Balduzzi, who had been elected to the Supreme Council of Magistrature and had resigned from Parliament, will be selected in a congress to be held in January 2015.Two candidates, Irene Tinagli and Enrico Zanetti, announced their bid for secretary, while Pietro Ichino was the front-runner to become the party's president. However, in mid December, Tinagli retired from the race. In January 2015 Benedetto Della Vedova came out against Zanetti on the grounds that SC should continue to exist only through its parliamentary groups, tried to stop the congress (along with Giannini, Bombassei, Ichino, Tinagli, Carlo Calenda, Linda Lanzillotta and other senior members) and finally decided to run for secretary (along with a third candidate, Luciana Cazzaniga). During the congress, postponed two weeks in order not to overlap with the presidential election triggered by President Giorgio Napolitano's resignation, Zanetti was virtually unanimously elected secretary.However, on 6 February, two days before the congress, eight senior members of the party (including six former Democrats), including its minister (Giannini), its deputy minister (Calenda), two deputies and five senators (including Giannini), had already left the party; all of them, except Calenda (who later became minister), joined the PD. As a result, the party was deprived of its parliamentary group in the Senate. In fact, of the two remaining senators, Della Vedova left during the congress, while Monti was no longer active.In two years, from the 2013 election to February 2015, SC had lost more than the half of its MPs, mostly to Popular Area and the PD.In July 2015 the party's national board elected Salvatore Matarrese president, Angelo D'Agostino first vice president and Valentina Vezzali vice president. More important, the assembly decided that the party would change name and symbol by the end of the summer, in the effort of being more competitive in the 2016 municipal elections. The new chosen name, "Citizens for Italy", would be used only in local elections, indeed.In January 2016, during a cabinet's reshuffle, Zanetti was promoted deputy minister of the Economy, while another SC deputy, Antimo Cesaro, was appointed undersecretary at Culture. Despite this, the party, which had virtually disappeared from opinion polls, continued to lose deputies and its group in the Chamber was reduced to 20 individuals by February. In the meantime, Zanetti explained that there were similarities between SC and Denis Verdini's Liberal Popular Alliance (ALA), and, according to "Corriere della Sera", the two groups could soon merge. In the meantime, SC formed a federative pact with the Moderates.In July, after that the majority of the party's deputies had come in opposition of an alliance with the ALA (a party basically formed by splinters form Berlusconi's FI), Zanetti led four deputies out of the parliamentary group. Contextually, Zanetti, who pretended to be still the leader of SC, started to organise a joint group with the ALA and, possibly, Flavio Tosi's Act!, and a new liberal party with the contribution of Marcello Pera, a former President of the Senate and former leader of FI in Tuscany. The party's national board sided with Zanetti in July and the national assembly did the same in October, with 63 votes in favour and 39 against.This caused the final split of the party and the formation of two different parliamentary groups:In April 2017 Rabino was elected president of the party.In September 2017 Zanetti re-positioned SC from the centre-left to the centre-right and, more specifically, in close alliance with Berlusconi's FI. The 2017 Sicilian regional election, for which SC announced that its candidates would run within FI's lists, marked the first time that SC officially sided with the centre-right. In November, the party's national board endorsed Zanetti's political line and marked SC's official adhesion to the centre-right coalition. The decision was opposed by a vocal minority of the party's membership and three deputies (Ernesto Auci, D'Agostino and Vezzali) subsequently left and formed the European Civics.In December 2017 SC was a founding member of Us with Italy (NcI), a pro-Berlusconi centrist electoral list within the centre-right coalition for the 2018 general election, along with Act!, splinters of Popular Alternative (AP – two groups, a liberal one led by Enrico Costa and a Christian-democratic one led by Maurizio Lupi), Direction Italy (DI), Popular Construction (CP) and the Movement for the Autonomies (MpA). NcI was later enlarged to the UdC and Identity and Action (IdeA), with the goal of reaching 3%, required to win seats from proportional lists under a new electoral law.In the election NcI obtained 1.3% and SC had no deputies or senators elected. After that, the party was "de facto" disbanded.
|
[
"Renato Balduzzi",
"Mariano Rabino",
"Alberto Bombassei",
"Andrea Riccardi",
"Mario Monti"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Civic Choice in Mar, 2022?
|
March 24, 2022
|
{
"text": [
"Mariano Rabino"
]
}
|
L2_Q2792033_P488_5
|
Alberto Bombassei is the chair of Civic Choice from Oct, 2013 to Apr, 2014.
Renato Balduzzi is the chair of Civic Choice from Jul, 2014 to Sep, 2014.
Salvatore Matarrese is the chair of Civic Choice from Jul, 2015 to Jul, 2016.
Andrea Riccardi is the chair of Civic Choice from Jan, 2013 to Mar, 2013.
Mario Monti is the chair of Civic Choice from Mar, 2013 to Oct, 2013.
Mariano Rabino is the chair of Civic Choice from Apr, 2017 to Dec, 2022.
|
Civic ChoiceCivic Choice (, SC) was a centrist and liberal political party in Italy founded by Mario Monti.The party was formed in the run-up of the 2013 general election to support the outgoing Prime Minister Monti and continue his political agenda. In the election SC was part of a centrist coalition named With Monti for Italy, along with Union of the Centre of Pier Ferdinando Casini and Future and Freedom of Gianfranco Fini.In April 2013 SC became part of the grand coalition government led by Enrico Letta of the Democratic Party. In February 2014 after Letta's resignation, Civic Choice supported the cabinet of Matteo Renzi. After that, the party did not support the cabinet of Paolo Gentiloni and, by the end of 2017, joined forces with Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia.Following the 2018 Italian general election, the party was disbanded on 24 July 2019.In order to compete in the upcoming general election, on 4 January 2013 technocratic Prime Minister Mario Monti launched SC as an electoral list of the "civil society" to implement his "agenda". It was announced that SC would be part of the With Monti for Italy (CMI) coalition, alongside the Union of the Centre (UdC) and Future and Freedom (FLI).At its beginnings SC was composed of several groups and individuals, who were represented in the party's lists:In the 2013 general election SC obtained 8.3% of the vote, 37 deputies (in its own lists) and 15 senators (within CMI). After the election, SC deputies and senators formed joint groups named "Civic Choice", including also UdC and FLI MPs, in both houses of Parliament.In late April the party joined Enrico Letta's grand coalition government, which included three SC leading members: Mario Mauro as minister of Defence, Enzo Moavero Milanesi as minister of European Affairs and Carlo Calenda as deputy minister of Economic Development.The party began to take shape too: on 13 March Monti, who replaced Andrea Riccardi as provisional president, appointed Andrea Olivero as coordinator; on ⍌337⍍ Monti was unanimously elected president by the party's assembly; on ⍌338⍍ the leadership proposed by Monti was approved with only three abstentions. In the event Olivero was confirmed coordinator, Alberto Bombassei was appointed first vice president, and Benedetto Della Vedova, a former member of the Italian Radicals, Forza Italia, the PdL and finally FLI, spokesperson. The rest of the leadership was composed mainly by former Democrats: Maria Paola Merloni (vice president), Lorenzo Dellai (party leader in the Chamber of Deputies), Gianluca Susta (party leader in the Senate), Andrea Causin (organizational secretary), Pietro Ichino (platform coordinator) and Gregorio Gitti (local structures' coordinator). No member of Future Italy, a liberal think tank, took a leading role.Since then, the party was often riven by internal disputes. Monti twice presented (and later retracted) his resignation from president. In late July he clashed with the "Catholic" wing of the party, especially with Olivero, whom he accused of being too close to the UdC (whose deputies and senators were part of SC's parliamentary groups). Also Future Italy, seemed to have little patience with the "Catholic" wing and even to be willing to distance from the party.In this phase, an issue which divided SC was the debate on European party affiliation. Some, including the party's "Catholics", former members of PdL and Monti himself, favoured joining the European People's Party (EPP), while others, notably those close to Future Italy, Benedetto Della Vedova and Linda Lanzillotta, preferred the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) Party. It later emerged that Monti had favoured the EPP and had consequently started talks with the EPP's leadership in order to appease the party's Christian democrats led by Mauro and avoid a split.On 17 October 2013 Monti resigned as president of SC and was replaced by his deputy Alberto Bombassei as acting president. Monti cited his disagreement with 12 senators (out of 20), including Mario Mauro, Andrea Olivero, Gabriele Albertini, Pier Ferdinando Casini (UdC leader), Maria Paola Merloni, Luigi Marino and Lucio Romano. Particularly, Monti criticized Mauro's line of unconditioned support to the government and of transforming SC in a larger centre-right political party, open to the PdL. One of the 12 senators, Tito Di Maggio, was even unveiled as PdL–SC–UdC joint candidate for President in Basilicata.After Monti's abrupt departure, spokesperson Benedetto Della Vedova, who represented the liberal wing of the party (including Pietro Ichino, Gianluca Susta, Linda Lanzillotta, etc.), announced that SC would "go on" as a "liberal, people's, reform and European party" and would never form a partnership with the PdL. Lanzillotta remarked that "Italy needs a liberal, people's, deeply reform-minded and Europeanist party" and that "we did not take votes for giving life to a Catholic party and being part of a centre-right still led by Berlusconi. For his part, during a TV interview, Monti stated that "my and SC's commitment does not end now" and that "many tell me they did not vote for SC for the specific reason that we were with president Casini; they might have been right".On 22 October the executive committee voted in favour of the separation from the UdC. The "popular" majority of SC's parliamentary group in the Senate responded by dismissing Susta as floor leader, while Olivero stated that the Populars aimed at forming a party modelled on Germany's Christian Democratic Union. On 6 November the SC senatorial group, dominated by Populars, elected L. Romano as new floor leader; the decision was not endorsed by Bombassei and was opposed by "Montiani" and liberals, who talked about dismissing Lorenzo Dellai from leader in the Chamber as retaliation.On 15 November the Populars walked away from the party's national assembly and left the party altogether. The assembly elected Bombassei president and appointed Stefania Giannini secretary. On 23 November the Populars, led by Mauro, Dellai and Olivero, launched Populars for Italy (PpI). On 10 December the party's break-up was effective in Parliament: 20 deputies (led by Dellai) and 12 senators (led by L. Romano) launched For Italy (PI) groups, while 26 deputies (led by Andrea Romano) and 8 senators (led by Susta) confirmed their allegiance to SC. All the UdC MPs but one joined PI.After Matteo Renzi's election as secretary of the Democratic Party (PD) in December, SC started to approach the centre-left, while ruling out any alliance with the centre-right, once again led by Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia (FI). SC had long expressed a certain affinity for Renzi, and, in early February 2014, Stefania Giannini finally declared that she saw "its party more as the right-wing of a reformed and reforming left than the left-wing of a right that still has in Berlusconi its standard-bearer".Subsequently, SC was a keen supporter of the replacement of Enrico Letta with Renzi.On 22 February 2014 the Renzi Cabinet was sworn in with Giannini, a university professor, as minister of Education.On 4 March it was announced that SC would run in the 2014 European Parliament election within European Choice (SE), an electoral list including, among others, Democratic Centre, Act to Stop the Decline and the Italian Liberal Party. Members of SC topped SE's slates in two of five constituencies. The decision to side with the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) Party, cherished by Guy Verhofstadt (ALDE's candidate for President of the European Commission) and Romano Prodi, prompted the resignation of Andrea Causin, one of SC's few remaining Christian democrats, from organizational secretary.On 10 April Bombassei resigned as president of the party, citing his disagreement with the party's political re-positionment (no longer a third-party force, but a close ally of Renzi's PD, under Giannini's leadership), the change in party's identity and "prevailing personal ambitions".On election day SC/SE received just 0.7% of the vote and failed to return any MEPs. Consequently, Giannini resigned from secretary.In October A. Romano, who had left the position of floor leader in the Chamber some months earlier, left the party in order to join the PD.In November the party's assembly decided that the new leadership, replacing Giannini and Balduzzi, who had been elected to the Supreme Council of Magistrature and had resigned from Parliament, will be selected in a congress to be held in January 2015.Two candidates, Irene Tinagli and Enrico Zanetti, announced their bid for secretary, while Pietro Ichino was the front-runner to become the party's president. However, in mid December, Tinagli retired from the race. In January 2015 Benedetto Della Vedova came out against Zanetti on the grounds that SC should continue to exist only through its parliamentary groups, tried to stop the congress (along with Giannini, Bombassei, Ichino, Tinagli, Carlo Calenda, Linda Lanzillotta and other senior members) and finally decided to run for secretary (along with a third candidate, Luciana Cazzaniga). During the congress, postponed two weeks in order not to overlap with the presidential election triggered by President Giorgio Napolitano's resignation, Zanetti was virtually unanimously elected secretary.However, on 6 February, two days before the congress, eight senior members of the party (including six former Democrats), including its minister (Giannini), its deputy minister (Calenda), two deputies and five senators (including Giannini), had already left the party; all of them, except Calenda (who later became minister), joined the PD. As a result, the party was deprived of its parliamentary group in the Senate. In fact, of the two remaining senators, Della Vedova left during the congress, while Monti was no longer active.In two years, from the 2013 election to February 2015, SC had lost more than the half of its MPs, mostly to Popular Area and the PD.In July 2015 the party's national board elected Salvatore Matarrese president, Angelo D'Agostino first vice president and Valentina Vezzali vice president. More important, the assembly decided that the party would change name and symbol by the end of the summer, in the effort of being more competitive in the 2016 municipal elections. The new chosen name, "Citizens for Italy", would be used only in local elections, indeed.In January 2016, during a cabinet's reshuffle, Zanetti was promoted deputy minister of the Economy, while another SC deputy, Antimo Cesaro, was appointed undersecretary at Culture. Despite this, the party, which had virtually disappeared from opinion polls, continued to lose deputies and its group in the Chamber was reduced to 20 individuals by February. In the meantime, Zanetti explained that there were similarities between SC and Denis Verdini's Liberal Popular Alliance (ALA), and, according to "Corriere della Sera", the two groups could soon merge. In the meantime, SC formed a federative pact with the Moderates.In July, after that the majority of the party's deputies had come in opposition of an alliance with the ALA (a party basically formed by splinters form Berlusconi's FI), Zanetti led four deputies out of the parliamentary group. Contextually, Zanetti, who pretended to be still the leader of SC, started to organise a joint group with the ALA and, possibly, Flavio Tosi's Act!, and a new liberal party with the contribution of Marcello Pera, a former President of the Senate and former leader of FI in Tuscany. The party's national board sided with Zanetti in July and the national assembly did the same in October, with 63 votes in favour and 39 against.This caused the final split of the party and the formation of two different parliamentary groups:In April 2017 Rabino was elected president of the party.In September 2017 Zanetti re-positioned SC from the centre-left to the centre-right and, more specifically, in close alliance with Berlusconi's FI. The 2017 Sicilian regional election, for which SC announced that its candidates would run within FI's lists, marked the first time that SC officially sided with the centre-right. In November, the party's national board endorsed Zanetti's political line and marked SC's official adhesion to the centre-right coalition. The decision was opposed by a vocal minority of the party's membership and three deputies (Ernesto Auci, D'Agostino and Vezzali) subsequently left and formed the European Civics.In December 2017 SC was a founding member of Us with Italy (NcI), a pro-Berlusconi centrist electoral list within the centre-right coalition for the 2018 general election, along with Act!, splinters of Popular Alternative (AP – two groups, a liberal one led by Enrico Costa and a Christian-democratic one led by Maurizio Lupi), Direction Italy (DI), Popular Construction (CP) and the Movement for the Autonomies (MpA). NcI was later enlarged to the UdC and Identity and Action (IdeA), with the goal of reaching 3%, required to win seats from proportional lists under a new electoral law.In the election NcI obtained 1.3% and SC had no deputies or senators elected. After that, the party was "de facto" disbanded.
|
[
"Renato Balduzzi",
"Alberto Bombassei",
"Salvatore Matarrese",
"Andrea Riccardi",
"Mario Monti"
] |
|
Which employer did Fotos Politis work for in Sep, 1924?
|
September 10, 1924
|
{
"text": [
"General State Archives"
]
}
|
L2_Q2336988_P108_0
|
Fotos Politis works for General State Archives from Jan, 1919 to Jan, 1925.
Fotos Politis works for National Theatre of Greece - Ziller Building from Jan, 1930 to Dec, 1934.
Fotos Politis works for To Vima from Sep, 1927 to Jan, 1929.
|
Fotos PolitisGerman educated Greek stage director Fotos Politis (Greek: Φώτος Πολίτης), 1890-1934, was one of the most prominent figures in the revival of the ancient Greek tragedies in the 20th century. A literary and theater reviewer and playwright, who was responsible for the creation of what came to be called “the theatrical tradition of the National Theater of Greece”, he developed original teaching methods for aspiring young actors in Athenian drama schools while the rehearsals for the plays that he staged were known for their long duration and exhaustive intensity. Politis felt an obligation to educate not only the actors, corrupted by the French "Théâtre de boulevard" of the time, but also the general public by bringing it in contact with the masterpieces of ancient Greek tragedy, Shakespeare, classical European theater and avant-garde theater.Born in Athens in an academic environment, Politis was the son of Nicolaos Politis, a professor at the University of Athens, who was considered the father of Greek folklore studies and cultural traditions, while his younger brother, Linos Politis, also a professor, taught modern Greek literature. In 1906-1908 he attended classes at the Athens Odeum’s (conservatoire) drama school and received the second prize in a drama competition with his play "The Vampire".At the end of 1908, he left for four years to study law in Germany. During this time and parallel with his law studies, he took courses in philosophy, being deeply influenced by German idealism. He was also influenced by the ideas of the Austrian-Jewish director Max Reinhardt, who staged ancient Greek tragedies, which Politis followed closely, as well as most of the new ideas that disseminated from the Max Reinhardt Seminar in Vienna, the most important German-language acting school. It was the time when the role of the director began to become as prevalent as that of the playwright and the protagonist.In early 1913, Politis was drafted, because of the Balkan Wars and had to return to Greece to enlist.After returning from the front, he begins his first reviews with a byline in January 1915, in the daily "Nea Hellas" (New Greece), which was supporting Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos. Until his early death in 1934, he wrote 1103 reviews in various newspapers, like "Politeia" (The State), "Eleftheron Vema" (Free Tribune) and "Proia" (Morning).Apart from his columns in the daily press, he collaborated from 1927 with Costis Bastias' newly published literary review "Ellinika Grammata" (Hellenic Letters). There he joined the closely knit ideological circle of the magazine, consisting of Costis Bastias (publisher), Yannis Apostolakis, Politis' older first cousin, mentor and later professor of literature at the University of Thessaloniki, Alexandros Delmouzos, prominent educator and proponent for the instruction of demotic Greek in the school system, K. Th. Demaras, Greece's foremost scholar on the Greek Enlightenment and later professor of Modern Greek Studies at the French university Paris I - Sorbonne Panthéon, and George N. Politis, Politis' elder brother and the magazine's top book reviewer. The circle supported the "demotic" (vernacular) language, Greek cultural traditions, German idealism, closely linked to the Enlightenment and was critical of rampant nationalism and communism.In 1918, Politis participated in the founding of the "Hellenic Theater Co." by the Society of Greek Playwrights. The playwright Miltiades Lidorikis presided over the new company, with the poet Pavlos Nirvanas, the stage director Spyros Melas and Politis on the Board. Politis was further appointed professor with the Company's Drama school. He soon starts the translation in modern Greek iambic verse of Sophocles' "Oedipus Rex" and chooses one of Greece's greatest actors, Aimilios Veakis, whose memorable performance as King Lear at the Royal (National) Theater of Greece in 1938 has remained indelibly written in the history of 20th century Greek theater, to appear in the homonymous role. Under the direction of Fotos Politis, "Oedipus Rex" opened in the old 19th century neoclassical theater "Olympia" on Academias Street. The performance became a milestone in the revival of ancient tragedy, with the ideas of Max Reinhardt often evident, in the interpretation of the play. Politis was acclaimed as a director, the tickets were sold out, while the prominent reviewer Marios Ploritis wrote of "The first face to face confrontation with the interpretation of ancient drama". The Greek stage director and historian of the theater Mitsos Lygizos observed about the contribution of the "Hellenic Theater Company" that:In 1925, when the Greek Actors' Union decided to create the "Professional School of Drama", Politis was appointed professor of repertoire and acting and from 1927 he started staging performances. Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice" (1927), Ibsen's "John Gabriel Borkman" (1928), the 17th century Cretan religious drama "Abraham's sacrifice" (1929), etc. He also tried his first open air performance of ancient tragedy, Euripides' "Hecuba" (1927), with Greece's famous actress Marika Kotopouli and her troupe, in the all marble Panathenaic Stadium, build in the 1890s for the first Olympic Games of modern times. The stage director Alexis Solomos described the performance, as the most renowned "Hecuba" of the interwar period.There is some confusion as to the actual name of the National or Royal Theater and the various alternating forms this name took, following political changes. At the end of the 19th century, King George I of Greece founded the Royal Theater, with Ernst Ziller as architect, which began its performances in 1900. Its existence was short lived, since it closed in 1908. The property belonged to King George I and the Royal Family and it was rented out to various troupes. The 1922 republican revolution confiscated the building, tore down the royal insignia and continued to rent it. In 1930, by law, the Greek state founded a National Theater, with the intention of erecting a new building, but due to the depression, it was decided to temporarily use the old Royal Theater. When in 1935, the monarchy was reinstated and King George II returned to Greece, the National Theater was renamed Royal Theater, but was now a state owned theater. In fact, the State indemnified Royal Prince Nicholas, uncle of King George II, who had inherited the building. With the beginning of the German occupation in 1941, the theater was renamed National Theater. After the Liberation in 1944, the building itself was named Royal Theater, but the state theater company appearing continued to be officially called National Theater. The only thing to remember is that the National or Royal Theater founded in 1930, had no ideological connection, nor was it a continuation of the old Royal Theater of 1900-1908, but represented an entire new ideology expressed by Fotos Politis. The only thing in common were the walls, and that because of lack of money.When in January 1930, George Papandreou became minister of Education (1930-1932), in the cabinet of prime minister Eleftherios Venizelos (1928-1932), his dream was to found the National Theater of Greece, where the country's two leading actresses, Kyveli, to whom he was married, and Marika Kotopouli, along with leading actor Aimilios Veakis, would participate in collaboration with an important stage director like Spyros Melas. He immediately started working with the poet Ioannis Gryparis, who was Secretary of Letters and Arts in the ministry, since the 1922 revolution of republican officers, that had forced King Constantine I to abdicate. An ardent supported of a new state National Theater, Gryparis had been in the ministry for the past eight years, but for a short thirteen-month period (June 1925 - July 1926) when he was removed by the Theodore Pangalos dictatorship. Already in 1923, he had told Fotos Politis that he had decided to go ahead with the creation of a National Theater, while in 1924, he gave an interview to Costis Bastias, where he describes with precision all the problems that had to be met for such an undertaking, like the building, financing through a tax on gambling and lotteries, the cast and the administration. Much of the ground work was already prepared and prime minister Eleftherios Venizelos had given his approval. The new law was published on May 5, 1930 and the first immediate appointments were Ioannis Gryparis, as director general, Costis Bastias, as secretary general and Fotos Politis as stage director.After Spyros Melas refused the position of prime stage director and Miltos Lydorikis was hired and resigned, Minister Papandreou accepted to elevate Fotos Politis to the position of prime stage director in the beginning of 1931. From there on, things started moving. The 15 member Board was replaced by a more active seven member body and the Executive Committee's members were reduced and its decisions became merely advisory. It was renamed as the Artistic Committee. By mid-November 1931, the Chairman of the Board, theater historian Nicolaos Laskaris, resigned, feeling bypassed by the small, hardcore decision making group of Politis, Gryparis, Bastias and poet Pavlos Nirvanas, a member of the Artistic Committee. Due to his continuous presence in the Athenian press as a journalist and columnist, Bastias replies to most of the attacks in the press against a theater that had yet to be inaugurated. When Petros Pikros, the ex editor-in-chief of the communist daily "Rizospastis" (The Radical) and managing editor of the Marxist review "Protoporoi" (The Vanguardists), attacks the theater, Bastias replies with two articles, "The National Theater and Marxist theory", saying:In August 1931, just prior to the inauguration of the National Theater, Politis travels to Germany and Austria to be informed and brought up to date with the latest developments in Max Reinhardt's productions. Upon his return he continuous building the foundations of a new theatrical tradition and adding to the Greek theater, after the playwright and the actor, a new third factor —the director. Till then, leading first ladies like Kyveli or Marika Kotopouli ruled their troupes with an iron hand, making all the important decisions. Sometimes, a director would be used, but in a secondary capacity. But, Politis reduced the importance of the protagonists, creating harmonic and disciplined ensembles, far from the hastily prepared and improvised productions, having to train the cast in a new acting method. This demanded exhaustive teaching and rehearsals. Costis Bastias describes for us how demanding Politis was:On Saturday evening, March 19, 1932, the most important cultural event of the interwar period in Greece took place. The inaugural performance of the newly renovated National Theater with Aeschylus' tragedy "Agamemnon" and a one-act comedy by Gregorios Xenopoulos was a great success. Every last seat was sold out, as the Athenians flocked to the new theater — the gentlemen in white or black tie and the ladies in long evening gowns.For the next 32 months, until his premature passing away at daybreak of December 4, 1934, Fotos Politis staged 35 plays by the most prominent playwrights of all time. His repertoire included Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Shakespeare, Molière, Goldoni, Schiller, de Musset, Ibsen, Zweig, Shaw, O'Neill, as well as modern Greek playwrights like Demetrios Byzantios, Gregorios Xenopoulos, Pantelis Horn, Spyros Melas and Alecos Lydorikis. For Politis, this was his way to uplift an audience by bringing it in contact with the masterpieces of theatrical art from all over the world, from the ancient Greek tragic poets to the contemporary playwrights. Through his stage direction, he assisted his public to approach the essence of every play. The general secretary of the theater, Costis Bastias, who had closely followed Politis' staging methods, observed:The novelist, playwright and columnist Angelos Terzakis, who played a major role in the development of the National (Royal) Theater since 1937, as general secretary, director of repertoire and director general in succession, remarked concerning Politis' preferences in the repertoire and staging, that he had certain specific beliefs:The National Theater received innumerable attacks in the press because of its hostile attitude against the popular Théâtre de boulevard, its views toward the all-mighty leading actors and its repertorial selections, especially the limited number of contemporary Greek plays. In the beginning of October 1932, the Theater inaugurated its new season, its second season, with Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice". Bastias again wrote about Fotos Politis and the new season:Fotos Politis' contribution to the theater and literary criticism was indeed of significant consequence. He introduced a theatrical standard, when he first entered the world of the theater, much more demanding than what was currently in use. He fought against hastily prepared productions that were then prevalent, the miserable repertoire based on the "french boulevard", and the authoritative ways of the leading actors-managers, who in no way wanted to collaborate with the new and upcoming stage directors. He supported the struggle for the Demotic Greek language to prevail, the strict adherence to the texts without unwarranted alterations, the European avant-garde movements in the theater, which he knew quite well, and the stage director's predominance, as the foremost head of the artistic creation, who interprets the playwright, and with his baguette conducts the actors, set designers, costume designers, musicians, choreographers, to bring about the desired result. As University of Athens professor of theatrical studies Katerina Arvaniti has written:The establishment of a theatrical tradition is not a simple matter, especially one that has to do with the founding of a venerable institution like Greece's "National Theater". Usually, many decades, if not centuries like the Comèdie Française, are required. Politis' persistence for hundreds of exhaustive rehearsals now becomes clear. The singular teaching of elocution in the manner required by Greek tragedy, the rhythm of the performances, the movement and gestures of the ancient chorus and the performers with detailed sketches by Politis of their every stance, as seen in his prompt books (Regiebuch), something that Reinhardt did in great detail. But also meticulous directions to the actors for the sounds of the performance (cries, footsteps, banging), that combined with the music created an acoustic whole, the directions to set designer Kleovoulos Klonis expressing the spirit of the production, something that Klonis, familiar with the European avant-garde, would interpret with his expressionistic, bulky, architectural cubes and his Jessner stairs, and to modern painters like Spyros Papaloukas and Fotis Kontoglou who worked on the sets, as well as directions for lighting and special effects. All these together create the complicated puzzle, which today gives us the opportunity to better understand the great stage director Fotos Politis' wonderful productions.The theatrical tradition that Fotos Politis created at Greece's National Theater, was continued after his death in 1934 by Costis Bastias and director Dimitris Rondiris. The following year, Bastias became director of repertoire, a new institution for that time, and wrote a 68-page report setting down both the theoretical principles of a National Theater and the specific plays that should be staged from the ancient theater, Elizabethan theater, classical theater, contemporary theater and avant-garde theater, with a critical analysis of each. Theater reviewer Costas Georgousopoulos, who also teaches at the Department of Theater Studies at the University of Athens and discovered the report in 1991, wrote:On the other hand, Dimitris Rondiris, who had studied at the Reinhardt Seminar and had worked as an assistant to Max Reinhardt at the Salzburg Festival, when Reinhardt was director of the Deutsches Theater in Berlin, had been recalled to Athens by the Board of the National Theater to become assistant director to Fotos Politis. After Politis' death, he succeeded him as prime stage director of the National Theater, and after World War II became its director general. Rondiris, with Bastias, continued the tradition of the National Theater, enriched it and added their theory that the tragedies of the ancient Greek poets are staged only in the open air theaters of antiquity, for which they were written, and not in the closed Renaissance theaters. This is a view that had not been adopted by Fotos Politis.From 1935 until April 1941, when the Axis Powers occupied Greece, the tradition, as well as the fame, of the National Theater grew by leaps and bounds, with Bastias becoming director general (1937), and the passing of a new law that gave him the authority to act more or less independently, despite the existence of a dictatorship, and Rondiris, perfecting his exhaustive teaching methods and his unique staging inspiration. The National Theater became a huge organization with its actors, directors, set and costume designers, musicians, dancers and a whole operatic company that was added and began its performances in 1940, The National Opera of Greece. The major emphasis of Bastias and Rondiris was the revival of ancient Greek tragedy with performances throughout Greece and abroad. One of the most renowned was the first performance of ancient tragedy since antiquity at the theater of Epidaurus with the "Electra" of Sophocles in 1938.At first, the Theater traveled to other Greek cities, like Patras and Thessaloniki. Then Greek architect Constantine Doxiadis designed a traveling theater with trucks and buses that could be set up anywhere and covered the whole country. It was named Arma Thespidos (The Chariot of Thespis). In 1939, the main company of the National (Royal) Theater traveled abroad for the first time. It began with Alexandria and Cairo in the spring and after returning to Athens left again in June and July to perform Sophocles' "Electra" and Shakespeare's "Hamlet", at Oxford, Cambridge, London, Frankfurt and Berlin carefully balancing the two sides which by the end of that summer would be at war.The Theater's "Grand Tour", as it came to be called among theatrical circles, was a great success both in the U.K. and in Germany and was rated as equal to the Comédie-Française and the Moscow Art Theater. Concerning Dimitri Rondiris' stage direction the reviewers wrote that he surpassed the wildest dreams of his teacher Max Reinhardt, while Richard Prentis noted:The "News Chronicle's" Henry Bean wrote: "Hamlet in modern Greek —a new way of doing Shakespeare to end all new ways" and commented about the "Electra" that: "It takes many years in perfecting the difficult technique of the spoken chorus". And W. A. Darlington noted in the "Daily Telegraph": "The most impressive performance of the "Electra" that I have seen". But in the end, after the performance of the "Electra" at His Majesty's Theatre, the venerable "The Times" of London wrote:Post mortem recognition of Fotos Politis, as well as his successors and students.
|
[
"National Theatre of Greece - Ziller Building",
"To Vima"
] |
|
Which employer did Fotos Politis work for in Sep, 1927?
|
September 28, 1927
|
{
"text": [
"To Vima"
]
}
|
L2_Q2336988_P108_1
|
Fotos Politis works for To Vima from Sep, 1927 to Jan, 1929.
Fotos Politis works for National Theatre of Greece - Ziller Building from Jan, 1930 to Dec, 1934.
Fotos Politis works for General State Archives from Jan, 1919 to Jan, 1925.
|
Fotos PolitisGerman educated Greek stage director Fotos Politis (Greek: Φώτος Πολίτης), 1890-1934, was one of the most prominent figures in the revival of the ancient Greek tragedies in the 20th century. A literary and theater reviewer and playwright, who was responsible for the creation of what came to be called “the theatrical tradition of the National Theater of Greece”, he developed original teaching methods for aspiring young actors in Athenian drama schools while the rehearsals for the plays that he staged were known for their long duration and exhaustive intensity. Politis felt an obligation to educate not only the actors, corrupted by the French "Théâtre de boulevard" of the time, but also the general public by bringing it in contact with the masterpieces of ancient Greek tragedy, Shakespeare, classical European theater and avant-garde theater.Born in Athens in an academic environment, Politis was the son of Nicolaos Politis, a professor at the University of Athens, who was considered the father of Greek folklore studies and cultural traditions, while his younger brother, Linos Politis, also a professor, taught modern Greek literature. In 1906-1908 he attended classes at the Athens Odeum’s (conservatoire) drama school and received the second prize in a drama competition with his play "The Vampire".At the end of 1908, he left for four years to study law in Germany. During this time and parallel with his law studies, he took courses in philosophy, being deeply influenced by German idealism. He was also influenced by the ideas of the Austrian-Jewish director Max Reinhardt, who staged ancient Greek tragedies, which Politis followed closely, as well as most of the new ideas that disseminated from the Max Reinhardt Seminar in Vienna, the most important German-language acting school. It was the time when the role of the director began to become as prevalent as that of the playwright and the protagonist.In early 1913, Politis was drafted, because of the Balkan Wars and had to return to Greece to enlist.After returning from the front, he begins his first reviews with a byline in January 1915, in the daily "Nea Hellas" (New Greece), which was supporting Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos. Until his early death in 1934, he wrote 1103 reviews in various newspapers, like "Politeia" (The State), "Eleftheron Vema" (Free Tribune) and "Proia" (Morning).Apart from his columns in the daily press, he collaborated from 1927 with Costis Bastias' newly published literary review "Ellinika Grammata" (Hellenic Letters). There he joined the closely knit ideological circle of the magazine, consisting of Costis Bastias (publisher), Yannis Apostolakis, Politis' older first cousin, mentor and later professor of literature at the University of Thessaloniki, Alexandros Delmouzos, prominent educator and proponent for the instruction of demotic Greek in the school system, K. Th. Demaras, Greece's foremost scholar on the Greek Enlightenment and later professor of Modern Greek Studies at the French university Paris I - Sorbonne Panthéon, and George N. Politis, Politis' elder brother and the magazine's top book reviewer. The circle supported the "demotic" (vernacular) language, Greek cultural traditions, German idealism, closely linked to the Enlightenment and was critical of rampant nationalism and communism.In 1918, Politis participated in the founding of the "Hellenic Theater Co." by the Society of Greek Playwrights. The playwright Miltiades Lidorikis presided over the new company, with the poet Pavlos Nirvanas, the stage director Spyros Melas and Politis on the Board. Politis was further appointed professor with the Company's Drama school. He soon starts the translation in modern Greek iambic verse of Sophocles' "Oedipus Rex" and chooses one of Greece's greatest actors, Aimilios Veakis, whose memorable performance as King Lear at the Royal (National) Theater of Greece in 1938 has remained indelibly written in the history of 20th century Greek theater, to appear in the homonymous role. Under the direction of Fotos Politis, "Oedipus Rex" opened in the old 19th century neoclassical theater "Olympia" on Academias Street. The performance became a milestone in the revival of ancient tragedy, with the ideas of Max Reinhardt often evident, in the interpretation of the play. Politis was acclaimed as a director, the tickets were sold out, while the prominent reviewer Marios Ploritis wrote of "The first face to face confrontation with the interpretation of ancient drama". The Greek stage director and historian of the theater Mitsos Lygizos observed about the contribution of the "Hellenic Theater Company" that:In 1925, when the Greek Actors' Union decided to create the "Professional School of Drama", Politis was appointed professor of repertoire and acting and from 1927 he started staging performances. Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice" (1927), Ibsen's "John Gabriel Borkman" (1928), the 17th century Cretan religious drama "Abraham's sacrifice" (1929), etc. He also tried his first open air performance of ancient tragedy, Euripides' "Hecuba" (1927), with Greece's famous actress Marika Kotopouli and her troupe, in the all marble Panathenaic Stadium, build in the 1890s for the first Olympic Games of modern times. The stage director Alexis Solomos described the performance, as the most renowned "Hecuba" of the interwar period.There is some confusion as to the actual name of the National or Royal Theater and the various alternating forms this name took, following political changes. At the end of the 19th century, King George I of Greece founded the Royal Theater, with Ernst Ziller as architect, which began its performances in 1900. Its existence was short lived, since it closed in 1908. The property belonged to King George I and the Royal Family and it was rented out to various troupes. The 1922 republican revolution confiscated the building, tore down the royal insignia and continued to rent it. In 1930, by law, the Greek state founded a National Theater, with the intention of erecting a new building, but due to the depression, it was decided to temporarily use the old Royal Theater. When in 1935, the monarchy was reinstated and King George II returned to Greece, the National Theater was renamed Royal Theater, but was now a state owned theater. In fact, the State indemnified Royal Prince Nicholas, uncle of King George II, who had inherited the building. With the beginning of the German occupation in 1941, the theater was renamed National Theater. After the Liberation in 1944, the building itself was named Royal Theater, but the state theater company appearing continued to be officially called National Theater. The only thing to remember is that the National or Royal Theater founded in 1930, had no ideological connection, nor was it a continuation of the old Royal Theater of 1900-1908, but represented an entire new ideology expressed by Fotos Politis. The only thing in common were the walls, and that because of lack of money.When in January 1930, George Papandreou became minister of Education (1930-1932), in the cabinet of prime minister Eleftherios Venizelos (1928-1932), his dream was to found the National Theater of Greece, where the country's two leading actresses, Kyveli, to whom he was married, and Marika Kotopouli, along with leading actor Aimilios Veakis, would participate in collaboration with an important stage director like Spyros Melas. He immediately started working with the poet Ioannis Gryparis, who was Secretary of Letters and Arts in the ministry, since the 1922 revolution of republican officers, that had forced King Constantine I to abdicate. An ardent supported of a new state National Theater, Gryparis had been in the ministry for the past eight years, but for a short thirteen-month period (June 1925 - July 1926) when he was removed by the Theodore Pangalos dictatorship. Already in 1923, he had told Fotos Politis that he had decided to go ahead with the creation of a National Theater, while in 1924, he gave an interview to Costis Bastias, where he describes with precision all the problems that had to be met for such an undertaking, like the building, financing through a tax on gambling and lotteries, the cast and the administration. Much of the ground work was already prepared and prime minister Eleftherios Venizelos had given his approval. The new law was published on May 5, 1930 and the first immediate appointments were Ioannis Gryparis, as director general, Costis Bastias, as secretary general and Fotos Politis as stage director.After Spyros Melas refused the position of prime stage director and Miltos Lydorikis was hired and resigned, Minister Papandreou accepted to elevate Fotos Politis to the position of prime stage director in the beginning of 1931. From there on, things started moving. The 15 member Board was replaced by a more active seven member body and the Executive Committee's members were reduced and its decisions became merely advisory. It was renamed as the Artistic Committee. By mid-November 1931, the Chairman of the Board, theater historian Nicolaos Laskaris, resigned, feeling bypassed by the small, hardcore decision making group of Politis, Gryparis, Bastias and poet Pavlos Nirvanas, a member of the Artistic Committee. Due to his continuous presence in the Athenian press as a journalist and columnist, Bastias replies to most of the attacks in the press against a theater that had yet to be inaugurated. When Petros Pikros, the ex editor-in-chief of the communist daily "Rizospastis" (The Radical) and managing editor of the Marxist review "Protoporoi" (The Vanguardists), attacks the theater, Bastias replies with two articles, "The National Theater and Marxist theory", saying:In August 1931, just prior to the inauguration of the National Theater, Politis travels to Germany and Austria to be informed and brought up to date with the latest developments in Max Reinhardt's productions. Upon his return he continuous building the foundations of a new theatrical tradition and adding to the Greek theater, after the playwright and the actor, a new third factor —the director. Till then, leading first ladies like Kyveli or Marika Kotopouli ruled their troupes with an iron hand, making all the important decisions. Sometimes, a director would be used, but in a secondary capacity. But, Politis reduced the importance of the protagonists, creating harmonic and disciplined ensembles, far from the hastily prepared and improvised productions, having to train the cast in a new acting method. This demanded exhaustive teaching and rehearsals. Costis Bastias describes for us how demanding Politis was:On Saturday evening, March 19, 1932, the most important cultural event of the interwar period in Greece took place. The inaugural performance of the newly renovated National Theater with Aeschylus' tragedy "Agamemnon" and a one-act comedy by Gregorios Xenopoulos was a great success. Every last seat was sold out, as the Athenians flocked to the new theater — the gentlemen in white or black tie and the ladies in long evening gowns.For the next 32 months, until his premature passing away at daybreak of December 4, 1934, Fotos Politis staged 35 plays by the most prominent playwrights of all time. His repertoire included Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Shakespeare, Molière, Goldoni, Schiller, de Musset, Ibsen, Zweig, Shaw, O'Neill, as well as modern Greek playwrights like Demetrios Byzantios, Gregorios Xenopoulos, Pantelis Horn, Spyros Melas and Alecos Lydorikis. For Politis, this was his way to uplift an audience by bringing it in contact with the masterpieces of theatrical art from all over the world, from the ancient Greek tragic poets to the contemporary playwrights. Through his stage direction, he assisted his public to approach the essence of every play. The general secretary of the theater, Costis Bastias, who had closely followed Politis' staging methods, observed:The novelist, playwright and columnist Angelos Terzakis, who played a major role in the development of the National (Royal) Theater since 1937, as general secretary, director of repertoire and director general in succession, remarked concerning Politis' preferences in the repertoire and staging, that he had certain specific beliefs:The National Theater received innumerable attacks in the press because of its hostile attitude against the popular Théâtre de boulevard, its views toward the all-mighty leading actors and its repertorial selections, especially the limited number of contemporary Greek plays. In the beginning of October 1932, the Theater inaugurated its new season, its second season, with Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice". Bastias again wrote about Fotos Politis and the new season:Fotos Politis' contribution to the theater and literary criticism was indeed of significant consequence. He introduced a theatrical standard, when he first entered the world of the theater, much more demanding than what was currently in use. He fought against hastily prepared productions that were then prevalent, the miserable repertoire based on the "french boulevard", and the authoritative ways of the leading actors-managers, who in no way wanted to collaborate with the new and upcoming stage directors. He supported the struggle for the Demotic Greek language to prevail, the strict adherence to the texts without unwarranted alterations, the European avant-garde movements in the theater, which he knew quite well, and the stage director's predominance, as the foremost head of the artistic creation, who interprets the playwright, and with his baguette conducts the actors, set designers, costume designers, musicians, choreographers, to bring about the desired result. As University of Athens professor of theatrical studies Katerina Arvaniti has written:The establishment of a theatrical tradition is not a simple matter, especially one that has to do with the founding of a venerable institution like Greece's "National Theater". Usually, many decades, if not centuries like the Comèdie Française, are required. Politis' persistence for hundreds of exhaustive rehearsals now becomes clear. The singular teaching of elocution in the manner required by Greek tragedy, the rhythm of the performances, the movement and gestures of the ancient chorus and the performers with detailed sketches by Politis of their every stance, as seen in his prompt books (Regiebuch), something that Reinhardt did in great detail. But also meticulous directions to the actors for the sounds of the performance (cries, footsteps, banging), that combined with the music created an acoustic whole, the directions to set designer Kleovoulos Klonis expressing the spirit of the production, something that Klonis, familiar with the European avant-garde, would interpret with his expressionistic, bulky, architectural cubes and his Jessner stairs, and to modern painters like Spyros Papaloukas and Fotis Kontoglou who worked on the sets, as well as directions for lighting and special effects. All these together create the complicated puzzle, which today gives us the opportunity to better understand the great stage director Fotos Politis' wonderful productions.The theatrical tradition that Fotos Politis created at Greece's National Theater, was continued after his death in 1934 by Costis Bastias and director Dimitris Rondiris. The following year, Bastias became director of repertoire, a new institution for that time, and wrote a 68-page report setting down both the theoretical principles of a National Theater and the specific plays that should be staged from the ancient theater, Elizabethan theater, classical theater, contemporary theater and avant-garde theater, with a critical analysis of each. Theater reviewer Costas Georgousopoulos, who also teaches at the Department of Theater Studies at the University of Athens and discovered the report in 1991, wrote:On the other hand, Dimitris Rondiris, who had studied at the Reinhardt Seminar and had worked as an assistant to Max Reinhardt at the Salzburg Festival, when Reinhardt was director of the Deutsches Theater in Berlin, had been recalled to Athens by the Board of the National Theater to become assistant director to Fotos Politis. After Politis' death, he succeeded him as prime stage director of the National Theater, and after World War II became its director general. Rondiris, with Bastias, continued the tradition of the National Theater, enriched it and added their theory that the tragedies of the ancient Greek poets are staged only in the open air theaters of antiquity, for which they were written, and not in the closed Renaissance theaters. This is a view that had not been adopted by Fotos Politis.From 1935 until April 1941, when the Axis Powers occupied Greece, the tradition, as well as the fame, of the National Theater grew by leaps and bounds, with Bastias becoming director general (1937), and the passing of a new law that gave him the authority to act more or less independently, despite the existence of a dictatorship, and Rondiris, perfecting his exhaustive teaching methods and his unique staging inspiration. The National Theater became a huge organization with its actors, directors, set and costume designers, musicians, dancers and a whole operatic company that was added and began its performances in 1940, The National Opera of Greece. The major emphasis of Bastias and Rondiris was the revival of ancient Greek tragedy with performances throughout Greece and abroad. One of the most renowned was the first performance of ancient tragedy since antiquity at the theater of Epidaurus with the "Electra" of Sophocles in 1938.At first, the Theater traveled to other Greek cities, like Patras and Thessaloniki. Then Greek architect Constantine Doxiadis designed a traveling theater with trucks and buses that could be set up anywhere and covered the whole country. It was named Arma Thespidos (The Chariot of Thespis). In 1939, the main company of the National (Royal) Theater traveled abroad for the first time. It began with Alexandria and Cairo in the spring and after returning to Athens left again in June and July to perform Sophocles' "Electra" and Shakespeare's "Hamlet", at Oxford, Cambridge, London, Frankfurt and Berlin carefully balancing the two sides which by the end of that summer would be at war.The Theater's "Grand Tour", as it came to be called among theatrical circles, was a great success both in the U.K. and in Germany and was rated as equal to the Comédie-Française and the Moscow Art Theater. Concerning Dimitri Rondiris' stage direction the reviewers wrote that he surpassed the wildest dreams of his teacher Max Reinhardt, while Richard Prentis noted:The "News Chronicle's" Henry Bean wrote: "Hamlet in modern Greek —a new way of doing Shakespeare to end all new ways" and commented about the "Electra" that: "It takes many years in perfecting the difficult technique of the spoken chorus". And W. A. Darlington noted in the "Daily Telegraph": "The most impressive performance of the "Electra" that I have seen". But in the end, after the performance of the "Electra" at His Majesty's Theatre, the venerable "The Times" of London wrote:Post mortem recognition of Fotos Politis, as well as his successors and students.
|
[
"National Theatre of Greece - Ziller Building",
"General State Archives"
] |
|
Which employer did Fotos Politis work for in Aug, 1930?
|
August 14, 1930
|
{
"text": [
"National Theatre of Greece - Ziller Building"
]
}
|
L2_Q2336988_P108_2
|
Fotos Politis works for National Theatre of Greece - Ziller Building from Jan, 1930 to Dec, 1934.
Fotos Politis works for To Vima from Sep, 1927 to Jan, 1929.
Fotos Politis works for General State Archives from Jan, 1919 to Jan, 1925.
|
Fotos PolitisGerman educated Greek stage director Fotos Politis (Greek: Φώτος Πολίτης), 1890-1934, was one of the most prominent figures in the revival of the ancient Greek tragedies in the 20th century. A literary and theater reviewer and playwright, who was responsible for the creation of what came to be called “the theatrical tradition of the National Theater of Greece”, he developed original teaching methods for aspiring young actors in Athenian drama schools while the rehearsals for the plays that he staged were known for their long duration and exhaustive intensity. Politis felt an obligation to educate not only the actors, corrupted by the French "Théâtre de boulevard" of the time, but also the general public by bringing it in contact with the masterpieces of ancient Greek tragedy, Shakespeare, classical European theater and avant-garde theater.Born in Athens in an academic environment, Politis was the son of Nicolaos Politis, a professor at the University of Athens, who was considered the father of Greek folklore studies and cultural traditions, while his younger brother, Linos Politis, also a professor, taught modern Greek literature. In 1906-1908 he attended classes at the Athens Odeum’s (conservatoire) drama school and received the second prize in a drama competition with his play "The Vampire".At the end of 1908, he left for four years to study law in Germany. During this time and parallel with his law studies, he took courses in philosophy, being deeply influenced by German idealism. He was also influenced by the ideas of the Austrian-Jewish director Max Reinhardt, who staged ancient Greek tragedies, which Politis followed closely, as well as most of the new ideas that disseminated from the Max Reinhardt Seminar in Vienna, the most important German-language acting school. It was the time when the role of the director began to become as prevalent as that of the playwright and the protagonist.In early 1913, Politis was drafted, because of the Balkan Wars and had to return to Greece to enlist.After returning from the front, he begins his first reviews with a byline in January 1915, in the daily "Nea Hellas" (New Greece), which was supporting Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos. Until his early death in 1934, he wrote 1103 reviews in various newspapers, like "Politeia" (The State), "Eleftheron Vema" (Free Tribune) and "Proia" (Morning).Apart from his columns in the daily press, he collaborated from 1927 with Costis Bastias' newly published literary review "Ellinika Grammata" (Hellenic Letters). There he joined the closely knit ideological circle of the magazine, consisting of Costis Bastias (publisher), Yannis Apostolakis, Politis' older first cousin, mentor and later professor of literature at the University of Thessaloniki, Alexandros Delmouzos, prominent educator and proponent for the instruction of demotic Greek in the school system, K. Th. Demaras, Greece's foremost scholar on the Greek Enlightenment and later professor of Modern Greek Studies at the French university Paris I - Sorbonne Panthéon, and George N. Politis, Politis' elder brother and the magazine's top book reviewer. The circle supported the "demotic" (vernacular) language, Greek cultural traditions, German idealism, closely linked to the Enlightenment and was critical of rampant nationalism and communism.In 1918, Politis participated in the founding of the "Hellenic Theater Co." by the Society of Greek Playwrights. The playwright Miltiades Lidorikis presided over the new company, with the poet Pavlos Nirvanas, the stage director Spyros Melas and Politis on the Board. Politis was further appointed professor with the Company's Drama school. He soon starts the translation in modern Greek iambic verse of Sophocles' "Oedipus Rex" and chooses one of Greece's greatest actors, Aimilios Veakis, whose memorable performance as King Lear at the Royal (National) Theater of Greece in 1938 has remained indelibly written in the history of 20th century Greek theater, to appear in the homonymous role. Under the direction of Fotos Politis, "Oedipus Rex" opened in the old 19th century neoclassical theater "Olympia" on Academias Street. The performance became a milestone in the revival of ancient tragedy, with the ideas of Max Reinhardt often evident, in the interpretation of the play. Politis was acclaimed as a director, the tickets were sold out, while the prominent reviewer Marios Ploritis wrote of "The first face to face confrontation with the interpretation of ancient drama". The Greek stage director and historian of the theater Mitsos Lygizos observed about the contribution of the "Hellenic Theater Company" that:In 1925, when the Greek Actors' Union decided to create the "Professional School of Drama", Politis was appointed professor of repertoire and acting and from 1927 he started staging performances. Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice" (1927), Ibsen's "John Gabriel Borkman" (1928), the 17th century Cretan religious drama "Abraham's sacrifice" (1929), etc. He also tried his first open air performance of ancient tragedy, Euripides' "Hecuba" (1927), with Greece's famous actress Marika Kotopouli and her troupe, in the all marble Panathenaic Stadium, build in the 1890s for the first Olympic Games of modern times. The stage director Alexis Solomos described the performance, as the most renowned "Hecuba" of the interwar period.There is some confusion as to the actual name of the National or Royal Theater and the various alternating forms this name took, following political changes. At the end of the 19th century, King George I of Greece founded the Royal Theater, with Ernst Ziller as architect, which began its performances in 1900. Its existence was short lived, since it closed in 1908. The property belonged to King George I and the Royal Family and it was rented out to various troupes. The 1922 republican revolution confiscated the building, tore down the royal insignia and continued to rent it. In 1930, by law, the Greek state founded a National Theater, with the intention of erecting a new building, but due to the depression, it was decided to temporarily use the old Royal Theater. When in 1935, the monarchy was reinstated and King George II returned to Greece, the National Theater was renamed Royal Theater, but was now a state owned theater. In fact, the State indemnified Royal Prince Nicholas, uncle of King George II, who had inherited the building. With the beginning of the German occupation in 1941, the theater was renamed National Theater. After the Liberation in 1944, the building itself was named Royal Theater, but the state theater company appearing continued to be officially called National Theater. The only thing to remember is that the National or Royal Theater founded in 1930, had no ideological connection, nor was it a continuation of the old Royal Theater of 1900-1908, but represented an entire new ideology expressed by Fotos Politis. The only thing in common were the walls, and that because of lack of money.When in January 1930, George Papandreou became minister of Education (1930-1932), in the cabinet of prime minister Eleftherios Venizelos (1928-1932), his dream was to found the National Theater of Greece, where the country's two leading actresses, Kyveli, to whom he was married, and Marika Kotopouli, along with leading actor Aimilios Veakis, would participate in collaboration with an important stage director like Spyros Melas. He immediately started working with the poet Ioannis Gryparis, who was Secretary of Letters and Arts in the ministry, since the 1922 revolution of republican officers, that had forced King Constantine I to abdicate. An ardent supported of a new state National Theater, Gryparis had been in the ministry for the past eight years, but for a short thirteen-month period (June 1925 - July 1926) when he was removed by the Theodore Pangalos dictatorship. Already in 1923, he had told Fotos Politis that he had decided to go ahead with the creation of a National Theater, while in 1924, he gave an interview to Costis Bastias, where he describes with precision all the problems that had to be met for such an undertaking, like the building, financing through a tax on gambling and lotteries, the cast and the administration. Much of the ground work was already prepared and prime minister Eleftherios Venizelos had given his approval. The new law was published on May 5, 1930 and the first immediate appointments were Ioannis Gryparis, as director general, Costis Bastias, as secretary general and Fotos Politis as stage director.After Spyros Melas refused the position of prime stage director and Miltos Lydorikis was hired and resigned, Minister Papandreou accepted to elevate Fotos Politis to the position of prime stage director in the beginning of 1931. From there on, things started moving. The 15 member Board was replaced by a more active seven member body and the Executive Committee's members were reduced and its decisions became merely advisory. It was renamed as the Artistic Committee. By mid-November 1931, the Chairman of the Board, theater historian Nicolaos Laskaris, resigned, feeling bypassed by the small, hardcore decision making group of Politis, Gryparis, Bastias and poet Pavlos Nirvanas, a member of the Artistic Committee. Due to his continuous presence in the Athenian press as a journalist and columnist, Bastias replies to most of the attacks in the press against a theater that had yet to be inaugurated. When Petros Pikros, the ex editor-in-chief of the communist daily "Rizospastis" (The Radical) and managing editor of the Marxist review "Protoporoi" (The Vanguardists), attacks the theater, Bastias replies with two articles, "The National Theater and Marxist theory", saying:In August 1931, just prior to the inauguration of the National Theater, Politis travels to Germany and Austria to be informed and brought up to date with the latest developments in Max Reinhardt's productions. Upon his return he continuous building the foundations of a new theatrical tradition and adding to the Greek theater, after the playwright and the actor, a new third factor —the director. Till then, leading first ladies like Kyveli or Marika Kotopouli ruled their troupes with an iron hand, making all the important decisions. Sometimes, a director would be used, but in a secondary capacity. But, Politis reduced the importance of the protagonists, creating harmonic and disciplined ensembles, far from the hastily prepared and improvised productions, having to train the cast in a new acting method. This demanded exhaustive teaching and rehearsals. Costis Bastias describes for us how demanding Politis was:On Saturday evening, March 19, 1932, the most important cultural event of the interwar period in Greece took place. The inaugural performance of the newly renovated National Theater with Aeschylus' tragedy "Agamemnon" and a one-act comedy by Gregorios Xenopoulos was a great success. Every last seat was sold out, as the Athenians flocked to the new theater — the gentlemen in white or black tie and the ladies in long evening gowns.For the next 32 months, until his premature passing away at daybreak of December 4, 1934, Fotos Politis staged 35 plays by the most prominent playwrights of all time. His repertoire included Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Shakespeare, Molière, Goldoni, Schiller, de Musset, Ibsen, Zweig, Shaw, O'Neill, as well as modern Greek playwrights like Demetrios Byzantios, Gregorios Xenopoulos, Pantelis Horn, Spyros Melas and Alecos Lydorikis. For Politis, this was his way to uplift an audience by bringing it in contact with the masterpieces of theatrical art from all over the world, from the ancient Greek tragic poets to the contemporary playwrights. Through his stage direction, he assisted his public to approach the essence of every play. The general secretary of the theater, Costis Bastias, who had closely followed Politis' staging methods, observed:The novelist, playwright and columnist Angelos Terzakis, who played a major role in the development of the National (Royal) Theater since 1937, as general secretary, director of repertoire and director general in succession, remarked concerning Politis' preferences in the repertoire and staging, that he had certain specific beliefs:The National Theater received innumerable attacks in the press because of its hostile attitude against the popular Théâtre de boulevard, its views toward the all-mighty leading actors and its repertorial selections, especially the limited number of contemporary Greek plays. In the beginning of October 1932, the Theater inaugurated its new season, its second season, with Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice". Bastias again wrote about Fotos Politis and the new season:Fotos Politis' contribution to the theater and literary criticism was indeed of significant consequence. He introduced a theatrical standard, when he first entered the world of the theater, much more demanding than what was currently in use. He fought against hastily prepared productions that were then prevalent, the miserable repertoire based on the "french boulevard", and the authoritative ways of the leading actors-managers, who in no way wanted to collaborate with the new and upcoming stage directors. He supported the struggle for the Demotic Greek language to prevail, the strict adherence to the texts without unwarranted alterations, the European avant-garde movements in the theater, which he knew quite well, and the stage director's predominance, as the foremost head of the artistic creation, who interprets the playwright, and with his baguette conducts the actors, set designers, costume designers, musicians, choreographers, to bring about the desired result. As University of Athens professor of theatrical studies Katerina Arvaniti has written:The establishment of a theatrical tradition is not a simple matter, especially one that has to do with the founding of a venerable institution like Greece's "National Theater". Usually, many decades, if not centuries like the Comèdie Française, are required. Politis' persistence for hundreds of exhaustive rehearsals now becomes clear. The singular teaching of elocution in the manner required by Greek tragedy, the rhythm of the performances, the movement and gestures of the ancient chorus and the performers with detailed sketches by Politis of their every stance, as seen in his prompt books (Regiebuch), something that Reinhardt did in great detail. But also meticulous directions to the actors for the sounds of the performance (cries, footsteps, banging), that combined with the music created an acoustic whole, the directions to set designer Kleovoulos Klonis expressing the spirit of the production, something that Klonis, familiar with the European avant-garde, would interpret with his expressionistic, bulky, architectural cubes and his Jessner stairs, and to modern painters like Spyros Papaloukas and Fotis Kontoglou who worked on the sets, as well as directions for lighting and special effects. All these together create the complicated puzzle, which today gives us the opportunity to better understand the great stage director Fotos Politis' wonderful productions.The theatrical tradition that Fotos Politis created at Greece's National Theater, was continued after his death in 1934 by Costis Bastias and director Dimitris Rondiris. The following year, Bastias became director of repertoire, a new institution for that time, and wrote a 68-page report setting down both the theoretical principles of a National Theater and the specific plays that should be staged from the ancient theater, Elizabethan theater, classical theater, contemporary theater and avant-garde theater, with a critical analysis of each. Theater reviewer Costas Georgousopoulos, who also teaches at the Department of Theater Studies at the University of Athens and discovered the report in 1991, wrote:On the other hand, Dimitris Rondiris, who had studied at the Reinhardt Seminar and had worked as an assistant to Max Reinhardt at the Salzburg Festival, when Reinhardt was director of the Deutsches Theater in Berlin, had been recalled to Athens by the Board of the National Theater to become assistant director to Fotos Politis. After Politis' death, he succeeded him as prime stage director of the National Theater, and after World War II became its director general. Rondiris, with Bastias, continued the tradition of the National Theater, enriched it and added their theory that the tragedies of the ancient Greek poets are staged only in the open air theaters of antiquity, for which they were written, and not in the closed Renaissance theaters. This is a view that had not been adopted by Fotos Politis.From 1935 until April 1941, when the Axis Powers occupied Greece, the tradition, as well as the fame, of the National Theater grew by leaps and bounds, with Bastias becoming director general (1937), and the passing of a new law that gave him the authority to act more or less independently, despite the existence of a dictatorship, and Rondiris, perfecting his exhaustive teaching methods and his unique staging inspiration. The National Theater became a huge organization with its actors, directors, set and costume designers, musicians, dancers and a whole operatic company that was added and began its performances in 1940, The National Opera of Greece. The major emphasis of Bastias and Rondiris was the revival of ancient Greek tragedy with performances throughout Greece and abroad. One of the most renowned was the first performance of ancient tragedy since antiquity at the theater of Epidaurus with the "Electra" of Sophocles in 1938.At first, the Theater traveled to other Greek cities, like Patras and Thessaloniki. Then Greek architect Constantine Doxiadis designed a traveling theater with trucks and buses that could be set up anywhere and covered the whole country. It was named Arma Thespidos (The Chariot of Thespis). In 1939, the main company of the National (Royal) Theater traveled abroad for the first time. It began with Alexandria and Cairo in the spring and after returning to Athens left again in June and July to perform Sophocles' "Electra" and Shakespeare's "Hamlet", at Oxford, Cambridge, London, Frankfurt and Berlin carefully balancing the two sides which by the end of that summer would be at war.The Theater's "Grand Tour", as it came to be called among theatrical circles, was a great success both in the U.K. and in Germany and was rated as equal to the Comédie-Française and the Moscow Art Theater. Concerning Dimitri Rondiris' stage direction the reviewers wrote that he surpassed the wildest dreams of his teacher Max Reinhardt, while Richard Prentis noted:The "News Chronicle's" Henry Bean wrote: "Hamlet in modern Greek —a new way of doing Shakespeare to end all new ways" and commented about the "Electra" that: "It takes many years in perfecting the difficult technique of the spoken chorus". And W. A. Darlington noted in the "Daily Telegraph": "The most impressive performance of the "Electra" that I have seen". But in the end, after the performance of the "Electra" at His Majesty's Theatre, the venerable "The Times" of London wrote:Post mortem recognition of Fotos Politis, as well as his successors and students.
|
[
"General State Archives",
"To Vima"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team Clube Desportivo das Aves in Jan, 2012?
|
January 10, 2012
|
{
"text": [
"Paulo Fonseca"
]
}
|
L2_Q1023163_P286_0
|
Nuno Manta Santos is the head coach of Clube Desportivo das Aves from Nov, 2019 to Aug, 2020.
Paulo Fonseca is the head coach of Clube Desportivo das Aves from Jun, 2011 to May, 2012.
Augusto Inácio is the head coach of Clube Desportivo das Aves from Jan, 2019 to Oct, 2019.
|
C.D. AvesClube Desportivo das Aves (), commonly known as Desportivo das Aves, or simply as Aves, is a Portuguese football club from Vila das Aves, Santo Tirso. The club was founded on 12 November 1930 and plays at the Estádio do Clube Desportivo das Aves, which holds a seating capacity of 8,560.As a sports club, it has football schools for junior players and two futsal teams for both men and women, as well as a football trial system to help younger players come through the academy. The club's official supporters' group are the "Força Avense".Aves have spent most of their history in the lower leagues, having their debut Primeira Liga season in 1985–86 after winning consecutively the second and third divisions. They returned to the top flight for 2000–01 and 2006–07, again for one season each.Aves won promotion from LigaPro in 2016–17, finishing as runners-up to Portimonense S.C. under the management of José Mota. On 20 May 2018, the club defeated Sporting CP 2–1 and won their first Taça de Portugal. However, Aves did not qualify for the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League group stage because they failed to obtain a license for European competitions. The team were relegated in 2019–20, with five games to play, were marred by financial problems. For these reasons, they and Vitória F.C. were given a further relegation to the third tier.On 23 September 2020, Aves withdrew before the start of the season. Due to unpaid debts to other clubs, the club received a transfer ban from FIFA, which it sidestepped by founding new entity Clube Desportivo das Aves 1930 in October.Desportivo das Aves play at the Estádio do Clube Desportivo das Aves in Vila das Aves, Santo Tirso, holding a seating capacity of 8,560. The stadium also plays host to the reserve side's home games. It was inaugurated on 8 December 1981.It underwent many renovations during the new millennium. Especially in 2000, when Desportivo das Aves gained promotion to the Primeira Liga for the second time in their history. When the stadium was built, there were 12,500 seats available, but it currently seats only 8,560 after the club decided to remove chairs.Desportivo das Aves has a futsal team that has played top tier futsal in the Liga Sport Zone.
|
[
"Augusto Inácio",
"Nuno Manta Santos"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team Clube Desportivo das Aves in Jan, 2019?
|
January 29, 2019
|
{
"text": [
"Augusto Inácio"
]
}
|
L2_Q1023163_P286_1
|
Augusto Inácio is the head coach of Clube Desportivo das Aves from Jan, 2019 to Oct, 2019.
Nuno Manta Santos is the head coach of Clube Desportivo das Aves from Nov, 2019 to Aug, 2020.
Paulo Fonseca is the head coach of Clube Desportivo das Aves from Jun, 2011 to May, 2012.
|
C.D. AvesClube Desportivo das Aves (), commonly known as Desportivo das Aves, or simply as Aves, is a Portuguese football club from Vila das Aves, Santo Tirso. The club was founded on 12 November 1930 and plays at the Estádio do Clube Desportivo das Aves, which holds a seating capacity of 8,560.As a sports club, it has football schools for junior players and two futsal teams for both men and women, as well as a football trial system to help younger players come through the academy. The club's official supporters' group are the "Força Avense".Aves have spent most of their history in the lower leagues, having their debut Primeira Liga season in 1985–86 after winning consecutively the second and third divisions. They returned to the top flight for 2000–01 and 2006–07, again for one season each.Aves won promotion from LigaPro in 2016–17, finishing as runners-up to Portimonense S.C. under the management of José Mota. On 20 May 2018, the club defeated Sporting CP 2–1 and won their first Taça de Portugal. However, Aves did not qualify for the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League group stage because they failed to obtain a license for European competitions. The team were relegated in 2019–20, with five games to play, were marred by financial problems. For these reasons, they and Vitória F.C. were given a further relegation to the third tier.On 23 September 2020, Aves withdrew before the start of the season. Due to unpaid debts to other clubs, the club received a transfer ban from FIFA, which it sidestepped by founding new entity Clube Desportivo das Aves 1930 in October.Desportivo das Aves play at the Estádio do Clube Desportivo das Aves in Vila das Aves, Santo Tirso, holding a seating capacity of 8,560. The stadium also plays host to the reserve side's home games. It was inaugurated on 8 December 1981.It underwent many renovations during the new millennium. Especially in 2000, when Desportivo das Aves gained promotion to the Primeira Liga for the second time in their history. When the stadium was built, there were 12,500 seats available, but it currently seats only 8,560 after the club decided to remove chairs.Desportivo das Aves has a futsal team that has played top tier futsal in the Liga Sport Zone.
|
[
"Paulo Fonseca",
"Nuno Manta Santos"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team Clube Desportivo das Aves in Jun, 2020?
|
June 12, 2020
|
{
"text": [
"Nuno Manta Santos"
]
}
|
L2_Q1023163_P286_2
|
Nuno Manta Santos is the head coach of Clube Desportivo das Aves from Nov, 2019 to Aug, 2020.
Paulo Fonseca is the head coach of Clube Desportivo das Aves from Jun, 2011 to May, 2012.
Augusto Inácio is the head coach of Clube Desportivo das Aves from Jan, 2019 to Oct, 2019.
|
C.D. AvesClube Desportivo das Aves (), commonly known as Desportivo das Aves, or simply as Aves, is a Portuguese football club from Vila das Aves, Santo Tirso. The club was founded on 12 November 1930 and plays at the Estádio do Clube Desportivo das Aves, which holds a seating capacity of 8,560.As a sports club, it has football schools for junior players and two futsal teams for both men and women, as well as a football trial system to help younger players come through the academy. The club's official supporters' group are the "Força Avense".Aves have spent most of their history in the lower leagues, having their debut Primeira Liga season in 1985–86 after winning consecutively the second and third divisions. They returned to the top flight for 2000–01 and 2006–07, again for one season each.Aves won promotion from LigaPro in 2016–17, finishing as runners-up to Portimonense S.C. under the management of José Mota. On 20 May 2018, the club defeated Sporting CP 2–1 and won their first Taça de Portugal. However, Aves did not qualify for the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League group stage because they failed to obtain a license for European competitions. The team were relegated in 2019–20, with five games to play, were marred by financial problems. For these reasons, they and Vitória F.C. were given a further relegation to the third tier.On 23 September 2020, Aves withdrew before the start of the season. Due to unpaid debts to other clubs, the club received a transfer ban from FIFA, which it sidestepped by founding new entity Clube Desportivo das Aves 1930 in October.Desportivo das Aves play at the Estádio do Clube Desportivo das Aves in Vila das Aves, Santo Tirso, holding a seating capacity of 8,560. The stadium also plays host to the reserve side's home games. It was inaugurated on 8 December 1981.It underwent many renovations during the new millennium. Especially in 2000, when Desportivo das Aves gained promotion to the Primeira Liga for the second time in their history. When the stadium was built, there were 12,500 seats available, but it currently seats only 8,560 after the club decided to remove chairs.Desportivo das Aves has a futsal team that has played top tier futsal in the Liga Sport Zone.
|
[
"Paulo Fonseca",
"Augusto Inácio"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team FK Bodø/Glimt in Feb, 2014?
|
February 08, 2014
|
{
"text": [
"Jan Halvor Halvorsen"
]
}
|
L2_Q478167_P286_0
|
Kjetil Knutsen is the head coach of FK Bodø/Glimt from Jan, 2018 to Dec, 2022.
Aasmund Bjørkan is the head coach of FK Bodø/Glimt from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2017.
Jan Halvor Halvorsen is the head coach of FK Bodø/Glimt from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2015.
|
FK Bodø/GlimtFotballklubben Bodø/Glimt () is a Norwegian professional football club from the town of Bodø that currently plays in Eliteserien, the Norwegian top division. The club was founded in 1916. Its nickname is the original club name: Glimt.Bodø/Glimt are the reigning champions in Norway after winning 2020 Eliteserien. They also have won the Northern Norwegian Cup nine times, Norwegian Cup twice and finished second in the Norwegian top division in 1977, 1993, 2003 and 2019.Glimt is known for the yellow kits and the huge yellow toothbrushes that the supporters carry to the matches — a supporter symbol from the 1970s. In the beginning of the 2000s, Bodø/Glimt was one of the top teams in Norway, but was relegated at the end of the 2005 season. After two years, on 12 November 2007, the team returned to the top division again, following a 4–2 aggregate victory over Odd Grenland in a promotion playoff.Glimt supporters are known as "1916", "Den Gule Horde" (The Yellow Horde), "Glimt i Sør" (Glimt South) and "Glimt i Steigen" (Glimt in Steigen). Glimt i Sør is a supporter group based in Oslo, the capital of Norway. The Steigen branch is a small group of supporters which is known for their online support, especially on Twitter.While other towns in Nordland county like Narvik, Mo i Rana and Mosjøen had started their football clubs earlier, the larger town of Bodø was without a major football club until the latter part of 1916. The new club was founded as Football Club Glimt (Glimt meaning flash in English). One of the founders was Erling Tjærandsen, who also became the club's first club president and later an honorary club member. (Tjærandsen was also known as a footballer and skier.) Glimt's first match was against Bodø Highschool (because Glimt was the only football club in town).In 1919 Glimt won their first title: County Champions of Nordland. In the 1920s, Glimt suffered from bad morale and poor finances. At one point, there were talks about merging Glimt into the Ski Club B. & O.I, but following discussions, the intentions were not carried through. The club received an infusion of new encouragement through visiting footballing stars and coaches from southern Norway such as Jørgen Juve in 1929. In the 1930s Glimt also began training indoors to reduce the impact of the severe arctic winters.This new approach in the late 1920s and early 1930s yielded some positive results, and Glimt have since been a top club in Northern Norway (winning nine North-Norwegian championships) and in Norway overall since the 1970s.Teams from Northern Norway were not allowed to compete in the Norwegian cup-competition until 1963. In their first appearance in the Norwegian FA cup in 1963, Bodø/Glimt managed to get as far as the fourth round after a home win 7–1 over Nordil, and two away wins. The first beating Nidelv (from Trondheim) and then a mighty win over Rosenborg. In the fourth round, Glimt had to play another away game, this time against Frigg from Oslo. Frigg won 2–0 and Glimt was out of the Cup. However, Bodø/Glimt had proven that teams from Northern Norway could play at the same level as the southern teams.It was not until 1972 that northern teams had the right to gain promotion to the Norwegian top division. This was due to the old belief that the teams from Nordland, Troms, and Finnmark could not compete at the same level as the southern teams. Bodø/Glimt is one of three teams from Northern Norway that have played in the Norwegian top division, the others being Tromsø and Mjølner.From 1973 Norway had three-second divisions: two divisions for the southern teams and one for the northern teams. Bodø/Glimt took three years to gain promotion, due to the promotion rules. The first place holders in the two southern divisions gained instant promotion, but the first place holder in the northern second division had to compete in play-off matches against the two second place holders from the south. The league-system made a lot of bitterness in the north. This bitterness worsened in 1975 when Bodø/Glimt, as the first club form Northern-Norway, won the Norwegian Cup, but did not gain promotion due to the special play-off rules for the North-Norwegian clubs.In the 1974 and 1975 season, Bodø/Glimt won their division (they had played a few draws but no losses), but still lost in the play-offs.In 1976, Bodø/Glimt managed at last to beat the league-system with a 4–0 win over Odd and a 1–1 draw against Lyn, making Glimt the second North-Norwegian team to "gain" promotion to the top division, after FK Mjølner's promotion in 1971. Not until the late 1970s the Norwegian Football Association changed the promotion rules, the play-off matches for Northern clubs were dropped. From then on there was no difference where a club had its home-ground.After a glorious top-division debut in 1977 — second place in the league and the cup, both against Lillestrøm — Bodø/Glimt played four seasons at the top level before relegation in 1980, finishing last at 12th place.The 1980s were the darkest hours in the club history, with Bodø/Glimt playing in the 2nd division and the regional 3rd division. For a couple of years in the mid-1980s, they weren't even the best team in Bodø, with rivals Grand Bodø surpassing them in the standings. But the tide turned in 1991. With coach Jan Muri in charge, Glimt was promoted to 1st division. The following season they hired Trond Sollied as coach, and the team won the 1st division in the 1992 season. At last, in 1993, Bodø/Glimt was back in the top-division, and as in the debut season of 1977 they took second place in the league. This time they also managed to win the cup final (a 2–0 win over Strømsgodset). The Cup-Championship was the crowning of three remarkable seasons, going from 2nd division to 2nd place in the top-division in only three years — an achievement rarely seen in the Norwegian league system.Since the reentering in the top-division Bodø/Glimt have had a rather strange performance-chart. A good league performance one season have usually been followed with nearly relegation the next season is illustrated with the 1993 and 1994 seasons when Glimt won the cup and became league runners-up, in 1994 a better goal-difference allowed Bodø/Glimt to stay in the top division.Another example of the rollercoaster ride of Bodø/Glimt league performance is the 2003 and 2004 seasons. In 2003 season the club finished runner up behind the league's valedictorian Rosenborg. The team also lost the 2003 Norwegian Cup Final to Rosenborg. In the 2004 season Glimt finished third last and had to play a two-game qualification match against Kongsvinger to avoid relegation. Glimt lost the first game 0–1 in Kongsvinger, but soundly defeated Kongsvinger in Bodø by the score of 4–0. Therefore, winning 4–1 on aggregate.Since the club's comeback in 1993, Glimt have played continuously in the Norwegian top division for 12 seasons, for a total of 16 top division seasons. In the 2005 season however, Bodø/Glimt was relegated.Life in the Adecco league proved harder than most fans had anticipated, and many were disappointed when Glimt failed to secure the third place play-off spot they had held during most of the course of the season, finally ending in fifth place. The season was tainted by financial difficulties, forcing the team to sell their top scorer Håvard Sakariassen and captain Cato Andrè Hansen to promotion rivals Bryne in the middle of the season. This had to be done to stabilize their financial situation, which was so poor that the Norwegian Football Association threatened to not give the team their playing license for next season, which would have resulted disastrously in forced relegation to the second division.The poor results towards the end of the season finally prompted the board of the supporter's club to write an open letter in which the training and alcohol consumption habits of certain unnamed players were criticised. In a bizarre twist a few weeks later, the supporter's club was threatened with a lawsuit in the multi-million class by former coach Trond Sollied, who was briefly mentioned in a by-sentence of the letter as having been in charge when the bad habits of the team had begun. All claims were quickly retracted by the supporter's club.In the second season in Adeccoligaen, Bodø/Glimt made their target from the first season in Adeccoligaen, a promotion back to Tippeligaen after two promotion matches – once again, as in 1976 – against Odd. Bodø/Glimt was the first team on nine years in Norway for winning the promotion matches to Tippeligaen. This was also the last match and day at work in Bodø/Glimt for the Norwegian legend Erik Hoftun and Kent Bergersen.In 2013, Bodø/Glimt was again promoted to Tippeligaen, after becoming the winner of Adecco-ligaen. The following years, Bodø/Glimt struggled to keep itself in the top league. The team was relegated to 1. divisjon in 2016. In 2019 Bodø/Glimt won the silver medal in the Norwegian Eliteserien. In 2020, Bodø/Glimt won Eliteserien for the first time in history. Also becoming the first team from Northern Norway to win Eliteserien.1971 was the first year northern Norwegian teams could win promotion for the top division (First possible year in the top division would have been 1972). Until 1978, the winner of the northern Norwegian group of the second tier had to enter promotion playoffs against the second placed teams of the two southern Norwegian second tier groups. 1979 was thus the first year northern Norwegian teams competed on equal terms as the southern Norwegian teams.Bodø/Glimt have participated in European Cups a number of times. The first time was in 1976, when they lost against Napoli in the Cup Winners' Cup. In 1978, they lost to Inter Milan, and in 1994 to Sampdoria in the same competition. Their latest loss came to Milan in the 2020 UEFA Europa League. In 2021, they will make their debut UEFA Champions League appearance, facing Legia Warsaw from Poland Ekstraklasa in the first qualifying round. "For season transfers, see transfers winter 2020–21 and transfers summer 2020."The club is known to play in yellow kits. However, it wasn't until the mid 70s that FK Bodø/Glimt changed their white shorts to an all yellow strip. In 1980 the club signed its first kit-manufacturer deal with the German firm Adidas, though the club used track jackets and shorts from Adidas since 1976. Nordlandsbanken, a major bank in the region, was one of the main sponsor of the club, present on their shirts until 2011. Since the 2007 season, Diadora has been manufacturing the kits.
|
[
"Aasmund Bjørkan",
"Kjetil Knutsen"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team FK Bodø/Glimt in Dec, 2015?
|
December 21, 2015
|
{
"text": [
"Aasmund Bjørkan"
]
}
|
L2_Q478167_P286_1
|
Kjetil Knutsen is the head coach of FK Bodø/Glimt from Jan, 2018 to Dec, 2022.
Jan Halvor Halvorsen is the head coach of FK Bodø/Glimt from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2015.
Aasmund Bjørkan is the head coach of FK Bodø/Glimt from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2017.
|
FK Bodø/GlimtFotballklubben Bodø/Glimt () is a Norwegian professional football club from the town of Bodø that currently plays in Eliteserien, the Norwegian top division. The club was founded in 1916. Its nickname is the original club name: Glimt.Bodø/Glimt are the reigning champions in Norway after winning 2020 Eliteserien. They also have won the Northern Norwegian Cup nine times, Norwegian Cup twice and finished second in the Norwegian top division in 1977, 1993, 2003 and 2019.Glimt is known for the yellow kits and the huge yellow toothbrushes that the supporters carry to the matches — a supporter symbol from the 1970s. In the beginning of the 2000s, Bodø/Glimt was one of the top teams in Norway, but was relegated at the end of the 2005 season. After two years, on 12 November 2007, the team returned to the top division again, following a 4–2 aggregate victory over Odd Grenland in a promotion playoff.Glimt supporters are known as "1916", "Den Gule Horde" (The Yellow Horde), "Glimt i Sør" (Glimt South) and "Glimt i Steigen" (Glimt in Steigen). Glimt i Sør is a supporter group based in Oslo, the capital of Norway. The Steigen branch is a small group of supporters which is known for their online support, especially on Twitter.While other towns in Nordland county like Narvik, Mo i Rana and Mosjøen had started their football clubs earlier, the larger town of Bodø was without a major football club until the latter part of 1916. The new club was founded as Football Club Glimt (Glimt meaning flash in English). One of the founders was Erling Tjærandsen, who also became the club's first club president and later an honorary club member. (Tjærandsen was also known as a footballer and skier.) Glimt's first match was against Bodø Highschool (because Glimt was the only football club in town).In 1919 Glimt won their first title: County Champions of Nordland. In the 1920s, Glimt suffered from bad morale and poor finances. At one point, there were talks about merging Glimt into the Ski Club B. & O.I, but following discussions, the intentions were not carried through. The club received an infusion of new encouragement through visiting footballing stars and coaches from southern Norway such as Jørgen Juve in 1929. In the 1930s Glimt also began training indoors to reduce the impact of the severe arctic winters.This new approach in the late 1920s and early 1930s yielded some positive results, and Glimt have since been a top club in Northern Norway (winning nine North-Norwegian championships) and in Norway overall since the 1970s.Teams from Northern Norway were not allowed to compete in the Norwegian cup-competition until 1963. In their first appearance in the Norwegian FA cup in 1963, Bodø/Glimt managed to get as far as the fourth round after a home win 7–1 over Nordil, and two away wins. The first beating Nidelv (from Trondheim) and then a mighty win over Rosenborg. In the fourth round, Glimt had to play another away game, this time against Frigg from Oslo. Frigg won 2–0 and Glimt was out of the Cup. However, Bodø/Glimt had proven that teams from Northern Norway could play at the same level as the southern teams.It was not until 1972 that northern teams had the right to gain promotion to the Norwegian top division. This was due to the old belief that the teams from Nordland, Troms, and Finnmark could not compete at the same level as the southern teams. Bodø/Glimt is one of three teams from Northern Norway that have played in the Norwegian top division, the others being Tromsø and Mjølner.From 1973 Norway had three-second divisions: two divisions for the southern teams and one for the northern teams. Bodø/Glimt took three years to gain promotion, due to the promotion rules. The first place holders in the two southern divisions gained instant promotion, but the first place holder in the northern second division had to compete in play-off matches against the two second place holders from the south. The league-system made a lot of bitterness in the north. This bitterness worsened in 1975 when Bodø/Glimt, as the first club form Northern-Norway, won the Norwegian Cup, but did not gain promotion due to the special play-off rules for the North-Norwegian clubs.In the 1974 and 1975 season, Bodø/Glimt won their division (they had played a few draws but no losses), but still lost in the play-offs.In 1976, Bodø/Glimt managed at last to beat the league-system with a 4–0 win over Odd and a 1–1 draw against Lyn, making Glimt the second North-Norwegian team to "gain" promotion to the top division, after FK Mjølner's promotion in 1971. Not until the late 1970s the Norwegian Football Association changed the promotion rules, the play-off matches for Northern clubs were dropped. From then on there was no difference where a club had its home-ground.After a glorious top-division debut in 1977 — second place in the league and the cup, both against Lillestrøm — Bodø/Glimt played four seasons at the top level before relegation in 1980, finishing last at 12th place.The 1980s were the darkest hours in the club history, with Bodø/Glimt playing in the 2nd division and the regional 3rd division. For a couple of years in the mid-1980s, they weren't even the best team in Bodø, with rivals Grand Bodø surpassing them in the standings. But the tide turned in 1991. With coach Jan Muri in charge, Glimt was promoted to 1st division. The following season they hired Trond Sollied as coach, and the team won the 1st division in the 1992 season. At last, in 1993, Bodø/Glimt was back in the top-division, and as in the debut season of 1977 they took second place in the league. This time they also managed to win the cup final (a 2–0 win over Strømsgodset). The Cup-Championship was the crowning of three remarkable seasons, going from 2nd division to 2nd place in the top-division in only three years — an achievement rarely seen in the Norwegian league system.Since the reentering in the top-division Bodø/Glimt have had a rather strange performance-chart. A good league performance one season have usually been followed with nearly relegation the next season is illustrated with the 1993 and 1994 seasons when Glimt won the cup and became league runners-up, in 1994 a better goal-difference allowed Bodø/Glimt to stay in the top division.Another example of the rollercoaster ride of Bodø/Glimt league performance is the 2003 and 2004 seasons. In 2003 season the club finished runner up behind the league's valedictorian Rosenborg. The team also lost the 2003 Norwegian Cup Final to Rosenborg. In the 2004 season Glimt finished third last and had to play a two-game qualification match against Kongsvinger to avoid relegation. Glimt lost the first game 0–1 in Kongsvinger, but soundly defeated Kongsvinger in Bodø by the score of 4–0. Therefore, winning 4–1 on aggregate.Since the club's comeback in 1993, Glimt have played continuously in the Norwegian top division for 12 seasons, for a total of 16 top division seasons. In the 2005 season however, Bodø/Glimt was relegated.Life in the Adecco league proved harder than most fans had anticipated, and many were disappointed when Glimt failed to secure the third place play-off spot they had held during most of the course of the season, finally ending in fifth place. The season was tainted by financial difficulties, forcing the team to sell their top scorer Håvard Sakariassen and captain Cato Andrè Hansen to promotion rivals Bryne in the middle of the season. This had to be done to stabilize their financial situation, which was so poor that the Norwegian Football Association threatened to not give the team their playing license for next season, which would have resulted disastrously in forced relegation to the second division.The poor results towards the end of the season finally prompted the board of the supporter's club to write an open letter in which the training and alcohol consumption habits of certain unnamed players were criticised. In a bizarre twist a few weeks later, the supporter's club was threatened with a lawsuit in the multi-million class by former coach Trond Sollied, who was briefly mentioned in a by-sentence of the letter as having been in charge when the bad habits of the team had begun. All claims were quickly retracted by the supporter's club.In the second season in Adeccoligaen, Bodø/Glimt made their target from the first season in Adeccoligaen, a promotion back to Tippeligaen after two promotion matches – once again, as in 1976 – against Odd. Bodø/Glimt was the first team on nine years in Norway for winning the promotion matches to Tippeligaen. This was also the last match and day at work in Bodø/Glimt for the Norwegian legend Erik Hoftun and Kent Bergersen.In 2013, Bodø/Glimt was again promoted to Tippeligaen, after becoming the winner of Adecco-ligaen. The following years, Bodø/Glimt struggled to keep itself in the top league. The team was relegated to 1. divisjon in 2016. In 2019 Bodø/Glimt won the silver medal in the Norwegian Eliteserien. In 2020, Bodø/Glimt won Eliteserien for the first time in history. Also becoming the first team from Northern Norway to win Eliteserien.1971 was the first year northern Norwegian teams could win promotion for the top division (First possible year in the top division would have been 1972). Until 1978, the winner of the northern Norwegian group of the second tier had to enter promotion playoffs against the second placed teams of the two southern Norwegian second tier groups. 1979 was thus the first year northern Norwegian teams competed on equal terms as the southern Norwegian teams.Bodø/Glimt have participated in European Cups a number of times. The first time was in 1976, when they lost against Napoli in the Cup Winners' Cup. In 1978, they lost to Inter Milan, and in 1994 to Sampdoria in the same competition. Their latest loss came to Milan in the 2020 UEFA Europa League. In 2021, they will make their debut UEFA Champions League appearance, facing Legia Warsaw from Poland Ekstraklasa in the first qualifying round. "For season transfers, see transfers winter 2020–21 and transfers summer 2020."The club is known to play in yellow kits. However, it wasn't until the mid 70s that FK Bodø/Glimt changed their white shorts to an all yellow strip. In 1980 the club signed its first kit-manufacturer deal with the German firm Adidas, though the club used track jackets and shorts from Adidas since 1976. Nordlandsbanken, a major bank in the region, was one of the main sponsor of the club, present on their shirts until 2011. Since the 2007 season, Diadora has been manufacturing the kits.
|
[
"Kjetil Knutsen",
"Jan Halvor Halvorsen"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team FK Bodø/Glimt in Jun, 2019?
|
June 24, 2019
|
{
"text": [
"Kjetil Knutsen"
]
}
|
L2_Q478167_P286_2
|
Aasmund Bjørkan is the head coach of FK Bodø/Glimt from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2017.
Jan Halvor Halvorsen is the head coach of FK Bodø/Glimt from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2015.
Kjetil Knutsen is the head coach of FK Bodø/Glimt from Jan, 2018 to Dec, 2022.
|
FK Bodø/GlimtFotballklubben Bodø/Glimt () is a Norwegian professional football club from the town of Bodø that currently plays in Eliteserien, the Norwegian top division. The club was founded in 1916. Its nickname is the original club name: Glimt.Bodø/Glimt are the reigning champions in Norway after winning 2020 Eliteserien. They also have won the Northern Norwegian Cup nine times, Norwegian Cup twice and finished second in the Norwegian top division in 1977, 1993, 2003 and 2019.Glimt is known for the yellow kits and the huge yellow toothbrushes that the supporters carry to the matches — a supporter symbol from the 1970s. In the beginning of the 2000s, Bodø/Glimt was one of the top teams in Norway, but was relegated at the end of the 2005 season. After two years, on 12 November 2007, the team returned to the top division again, following a 4–2 aggregate victory over Odd Grenland in a promotion playoff.Glimt supporters are known as "1916", "Den Gule Horde" (The Yellow Horde), "Glimt i Sør" (Glimt South) and "Glimt i Steigen" (Glimt in Steigen). Glimt i Sør is a supporter group based in Oslo, the capital of Norway. The Steigen branch is a small group of supporters which is known for their online support, especially on Twitter.While other towns in Nordland county like Narvik, Mo i Rana and Mosjøen had started their football clubs earlier, the larger town of Bodø was without a major football club until the latter part of 1916. The new club was founded as Football Club Glimt (Glimt meaning flash in English). One of the founders was Erling Tjærandsen, who also became the club's first club president and later an honorary club member. (Tjærandsen was also known as a footballer and skier.) Glimt's first match was against Bodø Highschool (because Glimt was the only football club in town).In 1919 Glimt won their first title: County Champions of Nordland. In the 1920s, Glimt suffered from bad morale and poor finances. At one point, there were talks about merging Glimt into the Ski Club B. & O.I, but following discussions, the intentions were not carried through. The club received an infusion of new encouragement through visiting footballing stars and coaches from southern Norway such as Jørgen Juve in 1929. In the 1930s Glimt also began training indoors to reduce the impact of the severe arctic winters.This new approach in the late 1920s and early 1930s yielded some positive results, and Glimt have since been a top club in Northern Norway (winning nine North-Norwegian championships) and in Norway overall since the 1970s.Teams from Northern Norway were not allowed to compete in the Norwegian cup-competition until 1963. In their first appearance in the Norwegian FA cup in 1963, Bodø/Glimt managed to get as far as the fourth round after a home win 7–1 over Nordil, and two away wins. The first beating Nidelv (from Trondheim) and then a mighty win over Rosenborg. In the fourth round, Glimt had to play another away game, this time against Frigg from Oslo. Frigg won 2–0 and Glimt was out of the Cup. However, Bodø/Glimt had proven that teams from Northern Norway could play at the same level as the southern teams.It was not until 1972 that northern teams had the right to gain promotion to the Norwegian top division. This was due to the old belief that the teams from Nordland, Troms, and Finnmark could not compete at the same level as the southern teams. Bodø/Glimt is one of three teams from Northern Norway that have played in the Norwegian top division, the others being Tromsø and Mjølner.From 1973 Norway had three-second divisions: two divisions for the southern teams and one for the northern teams. Bodø/Glimt took three years to gain promotion, due to the promotion rules. The first place holders in the two southern divisions gained instant promotion, but the first place holder in the northern second division had to compete in play-off matches against the two second place holders from the south. The league-system made a lot of bitterness in the north. This bitterness worsened in 1975 when Bodø/Glimt, as the first club form Northern-Norway, won the Norwegian Cup, but did not gain promotion due to the special play-off rules for the North-Norwegian clubs.In the 1974 and 1975 season, Bodø/Glimt won their division (they had played a few draws but no losses), but still lost in the play-offs.In 1976, Bodø/Glimt managed at last to beat the league-system with a 4–0 win over Odd and a 1–1 draw against Lyn, making Glimt the second North-Norwegian team to "gain" promotion to the top division, after FK Mjølner's promotion in 1971. Not until the late 1970s the Norwegian Football Association changed the promotion rules, the play-off matches for Northern clubs were dropped. From then on there was no difference where a club had its home-ground.After a glorious top-division debut in 1977 — second place in the league and the cup, both against Lillestrøm — Bodø/Glimt played four seasons at the top level before relegation in 1980, finishing last at 12th place.The 1980s were the darkest hours in the club history, with Bodø/Glimt playing in the 2nd division and the regional 3rd division. For a couple of years in the mid-1980s, they weren't even the best team in Bodø, with rivals Grand Bodø surpassing them in the standings. But the tide turned in 1991. With coach Jan Muri in charge, Glimt was promoted to 1st division. The following season they hired Trond Sollied as coach, and the team won the 1st division in the 1992 season. At last, in 1993, Bodø/Glimt was back in the top-division, and as in the debut season of 1977 they took second place in the league. This time they also managed to win the cup final (a 2–0 win over Strømsgodset). The Cup-Championship was the crowning of three remarkable seasons, going from 2nd division to 2nd place in the top-division in only three years — an achievement rarely seen in the Norwegian league system.Since the reentering in the top-division Bodø/Glimt have had a rather strange performance-chart. A good league performance one season have usually been followed with nearly relegation the next season is illustrated with the 1993 and 1994 seasons when Glimt won the cup and became league runners-up, in 1994 a better goal-difference allowed Bodø/Glimt to stay in the top division.Another example of the rollercoaster ride of Bodø/Glimt league performance is the 2003 and 2004 seasons. In 2003 season the club finished runner up behind the league's valedictorian Rosenborg. The team also lost the 2003 Norwegian Cup Final to Rosenborg. In the 2004 season Glimt finished third last and had to play a two-game qualification match against Kongsvinger to avoid relegation. Glimt lost the first game 0–1 in Kongsvinger, but soundly defeated Kongsvinger in Bodø by the score of 4–0. Therefore, winning 4–1 on aggregate.Since the club's comeback in 1993, Glimt have played continuously in the Norwegian top division for 12 seasons, for a total of 16 top division seasons. In the 2005 season however, Bodø/Glimt was relegated.Life in the Adecco league proved harder than most fans had anticipated, and many were disappointed when Glimt failed to secure the third place play-off spot they had held during most of the course of the season, finally ending in fifth place. The season was tainted by financial difficulties, forcing the team to sell their top scorer Håvard Sakariassen and captain Cato Andrè Hansen to promotion rivals Bryne in the middle of the season. This had to be done to stabilize their financial situation, which was so poor that the Norwegian Football Association threatened to not give the team their playing license for next season, which would have resulted disastrously in forced relegation to the second division.The poor results towards the end of the season finally prompted the board of the supporter's club to write an open letter in which the training and alcohol consumption habits of certain unnamed players were criticised. In a bizarre twist a few weeks later, the supporter's club was threatened with a lawsuit in the multi-million class by former coach Trond Sollied, who was briefly mentioned in a by-sentence of the letter as having been in charge when the bad habits of the team had begun. All claims were quickly retracted by the supporter's club.In the second season in Adeccoligaen, Bodø/Glimt made their target from the first season in Adeccoligaen, a promotion back to Tippeligaen after two promotion matches – once again, as in 1976 – against Odd. Bodø/Glimt was the first team on nine years in Norway for winning the promotion matches to Tippeligaen. This was also the last match and day at work in Bodø/Glimt for the Norwegian legend Erik Hoftun and Kent Bergersen.In 2013, Bodø/Glimt was again promoted to Tippeligaen, after becoming the winner of Adecco-ligaen. The following years, Bodø/Glimt struggled to keep itself in the top league. The team was relegated to 1. divisjon in 2016. In 2019 Bodø/Glimt won the silver medal in the Norwegian Eliteserien. In 2020, Bodø/Glimt won Eliteserien for the first time in history. Also becoming the first team from Northern Norway to win Eliteserien.1971 was the first year northern Norwegian teams could win promotion for the top division (First possible year in the top division would have been 1972). Until 1978, the winner of the northern Norwegian group of the second tier had to enter promotion playoffs against the second placed teams of the two southern Norwegian second tier groups. 1979 was thus the first year northern Norwegian teams competed on equal terms as the southern Norwegian teams.Bodø/Glimt have participated in European Cups a number of times. The first time was in 1976, when they lost against Napoli in the Cup Winners' Cup. In 1978, they lost to Inter Milan, and in 1994 to Sampdoria in the same competition. Their latest loss came to Milan in the 2020 UEFA Europa League. In 2021, they will make their debut UEFA Champions League appearance, facing Legia Warsaw from Poland Ekstraklasa in the first qualifying round. "For season transfers, see transfers winter 2020–21 and transfers summer 2020."The club is known to play in yellow kits. However, it wasn't until the mid 70s that FK Bodø/Glimt changed their white shorts to an all yellow strip. In 1980 the club signed its first kit-manufacturer deal with the German firm Adidas, though the club used track jackets and shorts from Adidas since 1976. Nordlandsbanken, a major bank in the region, was one of the main sponsor of the club, present on their shirts until 2011. Since the 2007 season, Diadora has been manufacturing the kits.
|
[
"Aasmund Bjørkan",
"Jan Halvor Halvorsen"
] |
|
Which team did Djamel Bouaïcha play for in Apr, 2007?
|
April 09, 2007
|
{
"text": [
"Paradou AC"
]
}
|
L2_Q5285217_P54_0
|
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for JS Kabylie from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for MC El Eulma from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for Mouloudia Club Oranais from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2014.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for RC Arbaâ from Jan, 2014 to Dec, 2022.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for Paradou AC from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2010.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for USM Annaba from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2011.
|
Djamel BouaïchaDjamel Bouaïcha (born June 19, 1982 in Meftah) is an Algerian football player who plays for RC Arbaâ in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1.In the summer of 2011, Bouaïcha left USM Annaba for MC El Eulma. On September 10, 2011, he made his debut for the club, in a league match against CR Belouizdad. A week later, in his second match for the club, he scored two goals against WA Tlemcen.
|
[
"USM Annaba",
"RC Arbaâ",
"MC El Eulma",
"Mouloudia Club Oranais",
"JS Kabylie"
] |
|
Which team did Djamel Bouaïcha play for in May, 2010?
|
May 02, 2010
|
{
"text": [
"USM Annaba"
]
}
|
L2_Q5285217_P54_1
|
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for JS Kabylie from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for MC El Eulma from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for Paradou AC from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2010.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for RC Arbaâ from Jan, 2014 to Dec, 2022.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for Mouloudia Club Oranais from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2014.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for USM Annaba from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2011.
|
Djamel BouaïchaDjamel Bouaïcha (born June 19, 1982 in Meftah) is an Algerian football player who plays for RC Arbaâ in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1.In the summer of 2011, Bouaïcha left USM Annaba for MC El Eulma. On September 10, 2011, he made his debut for the club, in a league match against CR Belouizdad. A week later, in his second match for the club, he scored two goals against WA Tlemcen.
|
[
"RC Arbaâ",
"MC El Eulma",
"Mouloudia Club Oranais",
"Paradou AC",
"JS Kabylie"
] |
|
Which team did Djamel Bouaïcha play for in Dec, 2011?
|
December 27, 2011
|
{
"text": [
"MC El Eulma"
]
}
|
L2_Q5285217_P54_2
|
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for Mouloudia Club Oranais from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2014.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for RC Arbaâ from Jan, 2014 to Dec, 2022.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for JS Kabylie from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for USM Annaba from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2011.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for MC El Eulma from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for Paradou AC from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2010.
|
Djamel BouaïchaDjamel Bouaïcha (born June 19, 1982 in Meftah) is an Algerian football player who plays for RC Arbaâ in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1.In the summer of 2011, Bouaïcha left USM Annaba for MC El Eulma. On September 10, 2011, he made his debut for the club, in a league match against CR Belouizdad. A week later, in his second match for the club, he scored two goals against WA Tlemcen.
|
[
"USM Annaba",
"RC Arbaâ",
"Mouloudia Club Oranais",
"Paradou AC",
"JS Kabylie"
] |
|
Which team did Djamel Bouaïcha play for in Feb, 2012?
|
February 26, 2012
|
{
"text": [
"JS Kabylie"
]
}
|
L2_Q5285217_P54_3
|
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for Mouloudia Club Oranais from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2014.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for JS Kabylie from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for USM Annaba from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2011.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for RC Arbaâ from Jan, 2014 to Dec, 2022.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for MC El Eulma from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for Paradou AC from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2010.
|
Djamel BouaïchaDjamel Bouaïcha (born June 19, 1982 in Meftah) is an Algerian football player who plays for RC Arbaâ in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1.In the summer of 2011, Bouaïcha left USM Annaba for MC El Eulma. On September 10, 2011, he made his debut for the club, in a league match against CR Belouizdad. A week later, in his second match for the club, he scored two goals against WA Tlemcen.
|
[
"USM Annaba",
"RC Arbaâ",
"MC El Eulma",
"Mouloudia Club Oranais",
"Paradou AC"
] |
|
Which team did Djamel Bouaïcha play for in Nov, 2013?
|
November 08, 2013
|
{
"text": [
"Mouloudia Club Oranais"
]
}
|
L2_Q5285217_P54_4
|
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for RC Arbaâ from Jan, 2014 to Dec, 2022.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for USM Annaba from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2011.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for MC El Eulma from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for Mouloudia Club Oranais from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2014.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for JS Kabylie from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for Paradou AC from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2010.
|
Djamel BouaïchaDjamel Bouaïcha (born June 19, 1982 in Meftah) is an Algerian football player who plays for RC Arbaâ in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1.In the summer of 2011, Bouaïcha left USM Annaba for MC El Eulma. On September 10, 2011, he made his debut for the club, in a league match against CR Belouizdad. A week later, in his second match for the club, he scored two goals against WA Tlemcen.
|
[
"USM Annaba",
"RC Arbaâ",
"MC El Eulma",
"Paradou AC",
"JS Kabylie"
] |
|
Which team did Djamel Bouaïcha play for in Apr, 2019?
|
April 15, 2019
|
{
"text": [
"RC Arbaâ"
]
}
|
L2_Q5285217_P54_5
|
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for USM Annaba from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2011.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for RC Arbaâ from Jan, 2014 to Dec, 2022.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for MC El Eulma from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for JS Kabylie from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for Paradou AC from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2010.
Djamel Bouaïcha plays for Mouloudia Club Oranais from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2014.
|
Djamel BouaïchaDjamel Bouaïcha (born June 19, 1982 in Meftah) is an Algerian football player who plays for RC Arbaâ in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1.In the summer of 2011, Bouaïcha left USM Annaba for MC El Eulma. On September 10, 2011, he made his debut for the club, in a league match against CR Belouizdad. A week later, in his second match for the club, he scored two goals against WA Tlemcen.
|
[
"USM Annaba",
"MC El Eulma",
"Mouloudia Club Oranais",
"Paradou AC",
"JS Kabylie"
] |
|
Which employer did Yves Calvi work for in Jan, 1986?
|
January 06, 1986
|
{
"text": [
"Radio France Internationale"
]
}
|
L2_Q3573536_P108_0
|
Yves Calvi works for Europe 1 from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 2005.
Yves Calvi works for France 2 from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2014.
Yves Calvi works for Radio France Internationale from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1987.
Yves Calvi works for Canal+ from Jan, 2017 to Dec, 2022.
Yves Calvi works for RMC from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1996.
Yves Calvi works for France Info from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1994.
Yves Calvi works for LCI from Jan, 2016 to Jan, 2017.
Yves Calvi works for France Inter from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2010.
Yves Calvi works for France 5 from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2016.
|
Yves CalviYves Calvi (born Yves Krettly on August 30, 1959) is a French journalist and television presenter.Yves Calvi was born in Boulogne-Billancourt in the department of Hauts-de-Seine. He graduated in modern literature and was a former student at the Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris. He decided to change his family name and take the pseudonym of his father, composer and conductor Gérard Calvi, when he joined Radio France Internationale in 1986 and before joining France Info. He was close to one of the founders of France Info and joined him in 1994 when he rectified the station RMC and then Europe 1 two years later.After becoming a television presenter on the local channel Télé Lyon Métropole, Yves Calvi became the familiar voice of the station Europe 1. He presented the discovery radio program "Forum" for six seasons from 1996 to 2002. He also presented a morning part from Monday to Friday and an afternoon part on Sunday for six seasons. He then presented the program "Europe Midi" for two seasons from 2003 to 2005. In September 2005, he left Europe 1 to become a television presenter again.Yves Calvi joined France Inter in September 2007 in the new team to produce and present the new program "Nonobstant" from Monday to Friday. In 2008, he refused an offer from RTL proposing that he present the morning program; preferring to pursue presenting his own television programs. In August 2010, after leaving France Inter, he joined RTL to host a daily interview called "Le choix d'Yves Calvi", pursuing his collaborations with France 5 and France 2.Since September 2001, he has hosted "C dans l'air" on France 5, a television program debating the news and current affairs. In September 2005, since leaving Europe 1, he again presents the bimonthly political program "Mots croisés" on France 2, succeeding Arlette Chabot, the new news director of the channel who created the monthly political program "À vous de juger" broadcast on the first part of the evening. Yves Calvi co-hosted the program "Le grand tournoi de l'histoire" on December 27, 2006 and on February 20, 2007 on France 3.In April 2008, he questioned the French president Nicolas Sarkozy during a special program hosted by Patrick Poivre d'Arvor and David Pujadas, broadcast live from the Palais de l'Élysée on both TF1 and France 2. In June 2009, at the World Environment Day, he presented on France 2 the broadcast of "Home", a documentary film directed by Yann Arthus-Bertrand, and then hosted a debate entitled "Comment sauver la planète ?". In January 2010, he co-hosted with other presenters of France Télévisions the program "Pour Haïti" to help the victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake broadcast on France 2 and France Inter.
|
[
"France 2",
"Europe 1",
"Canal+",
"LCI",
"France Info",
"France 5",
"RMC",
"France Inter"
] |
|
Which employer did Yves Calvi work for in Jul, 1992?
|
July 29, 1992
|
{
"text": [
"France Info"
]
}
|
L2_Q3573536_P108_1
|
Yves Calvi works for Europe 1 from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 2005.
Yves Calvi works for France 5 from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2016.
Yves Calvi works for RMC from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1996.
Yves Calvi works for France Inter from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2010.
Yves Calvi works for LCI from Jan, 2016 to Jan, 2017.
Yves Calvi works for Radio France Internationale from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1987.
Yves Calvi works for Canal+ from Jan, 2017 to Dec, 2022.
Yves Calvi works for France Info from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1994.
Yves Calvi works for France 2 from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2014.
|
Yves CalviYves Calvi (born Yves Krettly on August 30, 1959) is a French journalist and television presenter.Yves Calvi was born in Boulogne-Billancourt in the department of Hauts-de-Seine. He graduated in modern literature and was a former student at the Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris. He decided to change his family name and take the pseudonym of his father, composer and conductor Gérard Calvi, when he joined Radio France Internationale in 1986 and before joining France Info. He was close to one of the founders of France Info and joined him in 1994 when he rectified the station RMC and then Europe 1 two years later.After becoming a television presenter on the local channel Télé Lyon Métropole, Yves Calvi became the familiar voice of the station Europe 1. He presented the discovery radio program "Forum" for six seasons from 1996 to 2002. He also presented a morning part from Monday to Friday and an afternoon part on Sunday for six seasons. He then presented the program "Europe Midi" for two seasons from 2003 to 2005. In September 2005, he left Europe 1 to become a television presenter again.Yves Calvi joined France Inter in September 2007 in the new team to produce and present the new program "Nonobstant" from Monday to Friday. In 2008, he refused an offer from RTL proposing that he present the morning program; preferring to pursue presenting his own television programs. In August 2010, after leaving France Inter, he joined RTL to host a daily interview called "Le choix d'Yves Calvi", pursuing his collaborations with France 5 and France 2.Since September 2001, he has hosted "C dans l'air" on France 5, a television program debating the news and current affairs. In September 2005, since leaving Europe 1, he again presents the bimonthly political program "Mots croisés" on France 2, succeeding Arlette Chabot, the new news director of the channel who created the monthly political program "À vous de juger" broadcast on the first part of the evening. Yves Calvi co-hosted the program "Le grand tournoi de l'histoire" on December 27, 2006 and on February 20, 2007 on France 3.In April 2008, he questioned the French president Nicolas Sarkozy during a special program hosted by Patrick Poivre d'Arvor and David Pujadas, broadcast live from the Palais de l'Élysée on both TF1 and France 2. In June 2009, at the World Environment Day, he presented on France 2 the broadcast of "Home", a documentary film directed by Yann Arthus-Bertrand, and then hosted a debate entitled "Comment sauver la planète ?". In January 2010, he co-hosted with other presenters of France Télévisions the program "Pour Haïti" to help the victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake broadcast on France 2 and France Inter.
|
[
"France 2",
"Europe 1",
"Canal+",
"LCI",
"Radio France Internationale",
"France 5",
"RMC",
"France Inter"
] |
|
Which employer did Yves Calvi work for in Aug, 1994?
|
August 05, 1994
|
{
"text": [
"RMC"
]
}
|
L2_Q3573536_P108_2
|
Yves Calvi works for Europe 1 from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 2005.
Yves Calvi works for France Info from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1994.
Yves Calvi works for France Inter from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2010.
Yves Calvi works for RMC from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1996.
Yves Calvi works for LCI from Jan, 2016 to Jan, 2017.
Yves Calvi works for France 5 from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2016.
Yves Calvi works for France 2 from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2014.
Yves Calvi works for Radio France Internationale from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1987.
Yves Calvi works for Canal+ from Jan, 2017 to Dec, 2022.
|
Yves CalviYves Calvi (born Yves Krettly on August 30, 1959) is a French journalist and television presenter.Yves Calvi was born in Boulogne-Billancourt in the department of Hauts-de-Seine. He graduated in modern literature and was a former student at the Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris. He decided to change his family name and take the pseudonym of his father, composer and conductor Gérard Calvi, when he joined Radio France Internationale in 1986 and before joining France Info. He was close to one of the founders of France Info and joined him in 1994 when he rectified the station RMC and then Europe 1 two years later.After becoming a television presenter on the local channel Télé Lyon Métropole, Yves Calvi became the familiar voice of the station Europe 1. He presented the discovery radio program "Forum" for six seasons from 1996 to 2002. He also presented a morning part from Monday to Friday and an afternoon part on Sunday for six seasons. He then presented the program "Europe Midi" for two seasons from 2003 to 2005. In September 2005, he left Europe 1 to become a television presenter again.Yves Calvi joined France Inter in September 2007 in the new team to produce and present the new program "Nonobstant" from Monday to Friday. In 2008, he refused an offer from RTL proposing that he present the morning program; preferring to pursue presenting his own television programs. In August 2010, after leaving France Inter, he joined RTL to host a daily interview called "Le choix d'Yves Calvi", pursuing his collaborations with France 5 and France 2.Since September 2001, he has hosted "C dans l'air" on France 5, a television program debating the news and current affairs. In September 2005, since leaving Europe 1, he again presents the bimonthly political program "Mots croisés" on France 2, succeeding Arlette Chabot, the new news director of the channel who created the monthly political program "À vous de juger" broadcast on the first part of the evening. Yves Calvi co-hosted the program "Le grand tournoi de l'histoire" on December 27, 2006 and on February 20, 2007 on France 3.In April 2008, he questioned the French president Nicolas Sarkozy during a special program hosted by Patrick Poivre d'Arvor and David Pujadas, broadcast live from the Palais de l'Élysée on both TF1 and France 2. In June 2009, at the World Environment Day, he presented on France 2 the broadcast of "Home", a documentary film directed by Yann Arthus-Bertrand, and then hosted a debate entitled "Comment sauver la planète ?". In January 2010, he co-hosted with other presenters of France Télévisions the program "Pour Haïti" to help the victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake broadcast on France 2 and France Inter.
|
[
"France 2",
"Europe 1",
"Canal+",
"LCI",
"France Info",
"Radio France Internationale",
"France 5",
"France Inter"
] |
|
Which employer did Yves Calvi work for in Jun, 2004?
|
June 08, 2004
|
{
"text": [
"Europe 1",
"France 5"
]
}
|
L2_Q3573536_P108_3
|
Yves Calvi works for LCI from Jan, 2016 to Jan, 2017.
Yves Calvi works for France Info from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1994.
Yves Calvi works for Europe 1 from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 2005.
Yves Calvi works for France 5 from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2016.
Yves Calvi works for Canal+ from Jan, 2017 to Dec, 2022.
Yves Calvi works for RMC from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1996.
Yves Calvi works for France Inter from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2010.
Yves Calvi works for France 2 from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2014.
Yves Calvi works for Radio France Internationale from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1987.
|
Yves CalviYves Calvi (born Yves Krettly on August 30, 1959) is a French journalist and television presenter.Yves Calvi was born in Boulogne-Billancourt in the department of Hauts-de-Seine. He graduated in modern literature and was a former student at the Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris. He decided to change his family name and take the pseudonym of his father, composer and conductor Gérard Calvi, when he joined Radio France Internationale in 1986 and before joining France Info. He was close to one of the founders of France Info and joined him in 1994 when he rectified the station RMC and then Europe 1 two years later.After becoming a television presenter on the local channel Télé Lyon Métropole, Yves Calvi became the familiar voice of the station Europe 1. He presented the discovery radio program "Forum" for six seasons from 1996 to 2002. He also presented a morning part from Monday to Friday and an afternoon part on Sunday for six seasons. He then presented the program "Europe Midi" for two seasons from 2003 to 2005. In September 2005, he left Europe 1 to become a television presenter again.Yves Calvi joined France Inter in September 2007 in the new team to produce and present the new program "Nonobstant" from Monday to Friday. In 2008, he refused an offer from RTL proposing that he present the morning program; preferring to pursue presenting his own television programs. In August 2010, after leaving France Inter, he joined RTL to host a daily interview called "Le choix d'Yves Calvi", pursuing his collaborations with France 5 and France 2.Since September 2001, he has hosted "C dans l'air" on France 5, a television program debating the news and current affairs. In September 2005, since leaving Europe 1, he again presents the bimonthly political program "Mots croisés" on France 2, succeeding Arlette Chabot, the new news director of the channel who created the monthly political program "À vous de juger" broadcast on the first part of the evening. Yves Calvi co-hosted the program "Le grand tournoi de l'histoire" on December 27, 2006 and on February 20, 2007 on France 3.In April 2008, he questioned the French president Nicolas Sarkozy during a special program hosted by Patrick Poivre d'Arvor and David Pujadas, broadcast live from the Palais de l'Élysée on both TF1 and France 2. In June 2009, at the World Environment Day, he presented on France 2 the broadcast of "Home", a documentary film directed by Yann Arthus-Bertrand, and then hosted a debate entitled "Comment sauver la planète ?". In January 2010, he co-hosted with other presenters of France Télévisions the program "Pour Haïti" to help the victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake broadcast on France 2 and France Inter.
|
[
"France 2",
"Canal+",
"LCI",
"France Info",
"Radio France Internationale",
"RMC",
"France Inter"
] |
|
Which employer did Yves Calvi work for in Jun, 2007?
|
June 02, 2007
|
{
"text": [
"France 2",
"France Inter",
"France 5"
]
}
|
L2_Q3573536_P108_4
|
Yves Calvi works for RMC from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1996.
Yves Calvi works for Radio France Internationale from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1987.
Yves Calvi works for France 2 from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2014.
Yves Calvi works for LCI from Jan, 2016 to Jan, 2017.
Yves Calvi works for France Info from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1994.
Yves Calvi works for France Inter from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2010.
Yves Calvi works for France 5 from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2016.
Yves Calvi works for Canal+ from Jan, 2017 to Dec, 2022.
Yves Calvi works for Europe 1 from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 2005.
|
Yves CalviYves Calvi (born Yves Krettly on August 30, 1959) is a French journalist and television presenter.Yves Calvi was born in Boulogne-Billancourt in the department of Hauts-de-Seine. He graduated in modern literature and was a former student at the Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris. He decided to change his family name and take the pseudonym of his father, composer and conductor Gérard Calvi, when he joined Radio France Internationale in 1986 and before joining France Info. He was close to one of the founders of France Info and joined him in 1994 when he rectified the station RMC and then Europe 1 two years later.After becoming a television presenter on the local channel Télé Lyon Métropole, Yves Calvi became the familiar voice of the station Europe 1. He presented the discovery radio program "Forum" for six seasons from 1996 to 2002. He also presented a morning part from Monday to Friday and an afternoon part on Sunday for six seasons. He then presented the program "Europe Midi" for two seasons from 2003 to 2005. In September 2005, he left Europe 1 to become a television presenter again.Yves Calvi joined France Inter in September 2007 in the new team to produce and present the new program "Nonobstant" from Monday to Friday. In 2008, he refused an offer from RTL proposing that he present the morning program; preferring to pursue presenting his own television programs. In August 2010, after leaving France Inter, he joined RTL to host a daily interview called "Le choix d'Yves Calvi", pursuing his collaborations with France 5 and France 2.Since September 2001, he has hosted "C dans l'air" on France 5, a television program debating the news and current affairs. In September 2005, since leaving Europe 1, he again presents the bimonthly political program "Mots croisés" on France 2, succeeding Arlette Chabot, the new news director of the channel who created the monthly political program "À vous de juger" broadcast on the first part of the evening. Yves Calvi co-hosted the program "Le grand tournoi de l'histoire" on December 27, 2006 and on February 20, 2007 on France 3.In April 2008, he questioned the French president Nicolas Sarkozy during a special program hosted by Patrick Poivre d'Arvor and David Pujadas, broadcast live from the Palais de l'Élysée on both TF1 and France 2. In June 2009, at the World Environment Day, he presented on France 2 the broadcast of "Home", a documentary film directed by Yann Arthus-Bertrand, and then hosted a debate entitled "Comment sauver la planète ?". In January 2010, he co-hosted with other presenters of France Télévisions the program "Pour Haïti" to help the victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake broadcast on France 2 and France Inter.
|
[
"Europe 1",
"Canal+",
"LCI",
"France Info",
"Radio France Internationale",
"RMC"
] |
|
Which employer did Yves Calvi work for in Dec, 2007?
|
December 31, 2007
|
{
"text": [
"France 2",
"France Inter",
"France 5"
]
}
|
L2_Q3573536_P108_5
|
Yves Calvi works for France 2 from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2014.
Yves Calvi works for Radio France Internationale from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1987.
Yves Calvi works for Canal+ from Jan, 2017 to Dec, 2022.
Yves Calvi works for RMC from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1996.
Yves Calvi works for France Inter from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2010.
Yves Calvi works for France 5 from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2016.
Yves Calvi works for Europe 1 from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 2005.
Yves Calvi works for LCI from Jan, 2016 to Jan, 2017.
Yves Calvi works for France Info from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1994.
|
Yves CalviYves Calvi (born Yves Krettly on August 30, 1959) is a French journalist and television presenter.Yves Calvi was born in Boulogne-Billancourt in the department of Hauts-de-Seine. He graduated in modern literature and was a former student at the Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris. He decided to change his family name and take the pseudonym of his father, composer and conductor Gérard Calvi, when he joined Radio France Internationale in 1986 and before joining France Info. He was close to one of the founders of France Info and joined him in 1994 when he rectified the station RMC and then Europe 1 two years later.After becoming a television presenter on the local channel Télé Lyon Métropole, Yves Calvi became the familiar voice of the station Europe 1. He presented the discovery radio program "Forum" for six seasons from 1996 to 2002. He also presented a morning part from Monday to Friday and an afternoon part on Sunday for six seasons. He then presented the program "Europe Midi" for two seasons from 2003 to 2005. In September 2005, he left Europe 1 to become a television presenter again.Yves Calvi joined France Inter in September 2007 in the new team to produce and present the new program "Nonobstant" from Monday to Friday. In 2008, he refused an offer from RTL proposing that he present the morning program; preferring to pursue presenting his own television programs. In August 2010, after leaving France Inter, he joined RTL to host a daily interview called "Le choix d'Yves Calvi", pursuing his collaborations with France 5 and France 2.Since September 2001, he has hosted "C dans l'air" on France 5, a television program debating the news and current affairs. In September 2005, since leaving Europe 1, he again presents the bimonthly political program "Mots croisés" on France 2, succeeding Arlette Chabot, the new news director of the channel who created the monthly political program "À vous de juger" broadcast on the first part of the evening. Yves Calvi co-hosted the program "Le grand tournoi de l'histoire" on December 27, 2006 and on February 20, 2007 on France 3.In April 2008, he questioned the French president Nicolas Sarkozy during a special program hosted by Patrick Poivre d'Arvor and David Pujadas, broadcast live from the Palais de l'Élysée on both TF1 and France 2. In June 2009, at the World Environment Day, he presented on France 2 the broadcast of "Home", a documentary film directed by Yann Arthus-Bertrand, and then hosted a debate entitled "Comment sauver la planète ?". In January 2010, he co-hosted with other presenters of France Télévisions the program "Pour Haïti" to help the victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake broadcast on France 2 and France Inter.
|
[
"Europe 1",
"Canal+",
"LCI",
"France Info",
"Radio France Internationale",
"RMC"
] |
|
Which employer did Yves Calvi work for in Mar, 2009?
|
March 29, 2009
|
{
"text": [
"France 2",
"France Inter",
"France 5"
]
}
|
L2_Q3573536_P108_6
|
Yves Calvi works for LCI from Jan, 2016 to Jan, 2017.
Yves Calvi works for Canal+ from Jan, 2017 to Dec, 2022.
Yves Calvi works for Europe 1 from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 2005.
Yves Calvi works for RMC from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1996.
Yves Calvi works for Radio France Internationale from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1987.
Yves Calvi works for France Info from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1994.
Yves Calvi works for France Inter from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2010.
Yves Calvi works for France 2 from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2014.
Yves Calvi works for France 5 from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2016.
|
Yves CalviYves Calvi (born Yves Krettly on August 30, 1959) is a French journalist and television presenter.Yves Calvi was born in Boulogne-Billancourt in the department of Hauts-de-Seine. He graduated in modern literature and was a former student at the Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris. He decided to change his family name and take the pseudonym of his father, composer and conductor Gérard Calvi, when he joined Radio France Internationale in 1986 and before joining France Info. He was close to one of the founders of France Info and joined him in 1994 when he rectified the station RMC and then Europe 1 two years later.After becoming a television presenter on the local channel Télé Lyon Métropole, Yves Calvi became the familiar voice of the station Europe 1. He presented the discovery radio program "Forum" for six seasons from 1996 to 2002. He also presented a morning part from Monday to Friday and an afternoon part on Sunday for six seasons. He then presented the program "Europe Midi" for two seasons from 2003 to 2005. In September 2005, he left Europe 1 to become a television presenter again.Yves Calvi joined France Inter in September 2007 in the new team to produce and present the new program "Nonobstant" from Monday to Friday. In 2008, he refused an offer from RTL proposing that he present the morning program; preferring to pursue presenting his own television programs. In August 2010, after leaving France Inter, he joined RTL to host a daily interview called "Le choix d'Yves Calvi", pursuing his collaborations with France 5 and France 2.Since September 2001, he has hosted "C dans l'air" on France 5, a television program debating the news and current affairs. In September 2005, since leaving Europe 1, he again presents the bimonthly political program "Mots croisés" on France 2, succeeding Arlette Chabot, the new news director of the channel who created the monthly political program "À vous de juger" broadcast on the first part of the evening. Yves Calvi co-hosted the program "Le grand tournoi de l'histoire" on December 27, 2006 and on February 20, 2007 on France 3.In April 2008, he questioned the French president Nicolas Sarkozy during a special program hosted by Patrick Poivre d'Arvor and David Pujadas, broadcast live from the Palais de l'Élysée on both TF1 and France 2. In June 2009, at the World Environment Day, he presented on France 2 the broadcast of "Home", a documentary film directed by Yann Arthus-Bertrand, and then hosted a debate entitled "Comment sauver la planète ?". In January 2010, he co-hosted with other presenters of France Télévisions the program "Pour Haïti" to help the victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake broadcast on France 2 and France Inter.
|
[
"Europe 1",
"Canal+",
"LCI",
"France Info",
"Radio France Internationale",
"RMC"
] |
|
Which employer did Yves Calvi work for in Mar, 2016?
|
March 09, 2016
|
{
"text": [
"LCI"
]
}
|
L2_Q3573536_P108_7
|
Yves Calvi works for Europe 1 from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 2005.
Yves Calvi works for Radio France Internationale from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1987.
Yves Calvi works for LCI from Jan, 2016 to Jan, 2017.
Yves Calvi works for France 2 from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2014.
Yves Calvi works for Canal+ from Jan, 2017 to Dec, 2022.
Yves Calvi works for France 5 from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2016.
Yves Calvi works for RMC from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1996.
Yves Calvi works for France Info from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1994.
Yves Calvi works for France Inter from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2010.
|
Yves CalviYves Calvi (born Yves Krettly on August 30, 1959) is a French journalist and television presenter.Yves Calvi was born in Boulogne-Billancourt in the department of Hauts-de-Seine. He graduated in modern literature and was a former student at the Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris. He decided to change his family name and take the pseudonym of his father, composer and conductor Gérard Calvi, when he joined Radio France Internationale in 1986 and before joining France Info. He was close to one of the founders of France Info and joined him in 1994 when he rectified the station RMC and then Europe 1 two years later.After becoming a television presenter on the local channel Télé Lyon Métropole, Yves Calvi became the familiar voice of the station Europe 1. He presented the discovery radio program "Forum" for six seasons from 1996 to 2002. He also presented a morning part from Monday to Friday and an afternoon part on Sunday for six seasons. He then presented the program "Europe Midi" for two seasons from 2003 to 2005. In September 2005, he left Europe 1 to become a television presenter again.Yves Calvi joined France Inter in September 2007 in the new team to produce and present the new program "Nonobstant" from Monday to Friday. In 2008, he refused an offer from RTL proposing that he present the morning program; preferring to pursue presenting his own television programs. In August 2010, after leaving France Inter, he joined RTL to host a daily interview called "Le choix d'Yves Calvi", pursuing his collaborations with France 5 and France 2.Since September 2001, he has hosted "C dans l'air" on France 5, a television program debating the news and current affairs. In September 2005, since leaving Europe 1, he again presents the bimonthly political program "Mots croisés" on France 2, succeeding Arlette Chabot, the new news director of the channel who created the monthly political program "À vous de juger" broadcast on the first part of the evening. Yves Calvi co-hosted the program "Le grand tournoi de l'histoire" on December 27, 2006 and on February 20, 2007 on France 3.In April 2008, he questioned the French president Nicolas Sarkozy during a special program hosted by Patrick Poivre d'Arvor and David Pujadas, broadcast live from the Palais de l'Élysée on both TF1 and France 2. In June 2009, at the World Environment Day, he presented on France 2 the broadcast of "Home", a documentary film directed by Yann Arthus-Bertrand, and then hosted a debate entitled "Comment sauver la planète ?". In January 2010, he co-hosted with other presenters of France Télévisions the program "Pour Haïti" to help the victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake broadcast on France 2 and France Inter.
|
[
"France 2",
"Europe 1",
"Canal+",
"France Info",
"Radio France Internationale",
"France 5",
"RMC",
"France Inter"
] |
|
Which employer did Yves Calvi work for in Nov, 2017?
|
November 21, 2017
|
{
"text": [
"Canal+"
]
}
|
L2_Q3573536_P108_8
|
Yves Calvi works for Europe 1 from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 2005.
Yves Calvi works for France 5 from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2016.
Yves Calvi works for France Inter from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2010.
Yves Calvi works for RMC from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1996.
Yves Calvi works for LCI from Jan, 2016 to Jan, 2017.
Yves Calvi works for Radio France Internationale from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1987.
Yves Calvi works for France Info from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1994.
Yves Calvi works for Canal+ from Jan, 2017 to Dec, 2022.
Yves Calvi works for France 2 from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2014.
|
Yves CalviYves Calvi (born Yves Krettly on August 30, 1959) is a French journalist and television presenter.Yves Calvi was born in Boulogne-Billancourt in the department of Hauts-de-Seine. He graduated in modern literature and was a former student at the Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris. He decided to change his family name and take the pseudonym of his father, composer and conductor Gérard Calvi, when he joined Radio France Internationale in 1986 and before joining France Info. He was close to one of the founders of France Info and joined him in 1994 when he rectified the station RMC and then Europe 1 two years later.After becoming a television presenter on the local channel Télé Lyon Métropole, Yves Calvi became the familiar voice of the station Europe 1. He presented the discovery radio program "Forum" for six seasons from 1996 to 2002. He also presented a morning part from Monday to Friday and an afternoon part on Sunday for six seasons. He then presented the program "Europe Midi" for two seasons from 2003 to 2005. In September 2005, he left Europe 1 to become a television presenter again.Yves Calvi joined France Inter in September 2007 in the new team to produce and present the new program "Nonobstant" from Monday to Friday. In 2008, he refused an offer from RTL proposing that he present the morning program; preferring to pursue presenting his own television programs. In August 2010, after leaving France Inter, he joined RTL to host a daily interview called "Le choix d'Yves Calvi", pursuing his collaborations with France 5 and France 2.Since September 2001, he has hosted "C dans l'air" on France 5, a television program debating the news and current affairs. In September 2005, since leaving Europe 1, he again presents the bimonthly political program "Mots croisés" on France 2, succeeding Arlette Chabot, the new news director of the channel who created the monthly political program "À vous de juger" broadcast on the first part of the evening. Yves Calvi co-hosted the program "Le grand tournoi de l'histoire" on December 27, 2006 and on February 20, 2007 on France 3.In April 2008, he questioned the French president Nicolas Sarkozy during a special program hosted by Patrick Poivre d'Arvor and David Pujadas, broadcast live from the Palais de l'Élysée on both TF1 and France 2. In June 2009, at the World Environment Day, he presented on France 2 the broadcast of "Home", a documentary film directed by Yann Arthus-Bertrand, and then hosted a debate entitled "Comment sauver la planète ?". In January 2010, he co-hosted with other presenters of France Télévisions the program "Pour Haïti" to help the victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake broadcast on France 2 and France Inter.
|
[
"France 2",
"Europe 1",
"LCI",
"France Info",
"Radio France Internationale",
"France 5",
"RMC",
"France Inter"
] |
|
Which team did Thanasis Sentementes play for in Feb, 1995?
|
February 10, 1995
|
{
"text": [
"Kalamata F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q7710139_P54_0
|
Thanasis Sentementes plays for Kalamata F.C. from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for Panachaiki G.E. from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for PAS Giannina F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for Panserraikos F.C. from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for Doxa Vyronas F.C. from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1998.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for PAE Kerkyra from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009.
|
Thanasis SentementesThanasis Sentementes () is a Greek footballer currently signed to Kerkyra F.C..
|
[
"PAE Kerkyra",
"Doxa Vyronas F.C.",
"Panachaiki G.E.",
"PAS Giannina F.C.",
"Panserraikos F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Thanasis Sentementes play for in Jan, 1997?
|
January 10, 1997
|
{
"text": [
"Doxa Vyronas F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q7710139_P54_1
|
Thanasis Sentementes plays for PAE Kerkyra from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for Panserraikos F.C. from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for Kalamata F.C. from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for Panachaiki G.E. from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for PAS Giannina F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for Doxa Vyronas F.C. from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1998.
|
Thanasis SentementesThanasis Sentementes () is a Greek footballer currently signed to Kerkyra F.C..
|
[
"PAE Kerkyra",
"Kalamata F.C.",
"Panachaiki G.E.",
"PAS Giannina F.C.",
"Panserraikos F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Thanasis Sentementes play for in Mar, 1999?
|
March 08, 1999
|
{
"text": [
"PAS Giannina F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q7710139_P54_2
|
Thanasis Sentementes plays for Doxa Vyronas F.C. from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1998.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for Kalamata F.C. from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for PAS Giannina F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for Panachaiki G.E. from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for Panserraikos F.C. from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for PAE Kerkyra from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009.
|
Thanasis SentementesThanasis Sentementes () is a Greek footballer currently signed to Kerkyra F.C..
|
[
"PAE Kerkyra",
"Doxa Vyronas F.C.",
"Kalamata F.C.",
"Panachaiki G.E.",
"Panserraikos F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Thanasis Sentementes play for in Sep, 2007?
|
September 01, 2007
|
{
"text": [
"Panserraikos F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q7710139_P54_3
|
Thanasis Sentementes plays for Doxa Vyronas F.C. from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1998.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for PAE Kerkyra from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for Panserraikos F.C. from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for Panachaiki G.E. from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for PAS Giannina F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for Kalamata F.C. from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
|
Thanasis SentementesThanasis Sentementes () is a Greek footballer currently signed to Kerkyra F.C..
|
[
"PAE Kerkyra",
"Doxa Vyronas F.C.",
"Kalamata F.C.",
"Panachaiki G.E.",
"PAS Giannina F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Thanasis Sentementes play for in Feb, 2008?
|
February 29, 2008
|
{
"text": [
"PAE Kerkyra"
]
}
|
L2_Q7710139_P54_4
|
Thanasis Sentementes plays for Kalamata F.C. from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for Doxa Vyronas F.C. from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1998.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for PAE Kerkyra from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for Panserraikos F.C. from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for Panachaiki G.E. from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for PAS Giannina F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
|
Thanasis SentementesThanasis Sentementes () is a Greek footballer currently signed to Kerkyra F.C..
|
[
"Doxa Vyronas F.C.",
"Kalamata F.C.",
"Panachaiki G.E.",
"PAS Giannina F.C.",
"Panserraikos F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Thanasis Sentementes play for in May, 2009?
|
May 19, 2009
|
{
"text": [
"Panachaiki G.E."
]
}
|
L2_Q7710139_P54_5
|
Thanasis Sentementes plays for PAE Kerkyra from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for Panachaiki G.E. from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for Doxa Vyronas F.C. from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1998.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for PAS Giannina F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for Kalamata F.C. from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Thanasis Sentementes plays for Panserraikos F.C. from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008.
|
Thanasis SentementesThanasis Sentementes () is a Greek footballer currently signed to Kerkyra F.C..
|
[
"PAE Kerkyra",
"Doxa Vyronas F.C.",
"Kalamata F.C.",
"PAS Giannina F.C.",
"Panserraikos F.C."
] |
|
Where was Stilianos Alexiou educated in Oct, 1942?
|
October 10, 1942
|
{
"text": [
"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens"
]
}
|
L2_Q2359693_P69_0
|
Stilianos Alexiou attended National and Kapodistrian University of Athens from Jan, 1939 to Jan, 1946.
Stilianos Alexiou attended National Center for Scientific Research from Jan, 1951 to Jan, 1952.
Stilianos Alexiou attended École normale supérieure (Paris) from Jan, 1961 to Jan, 1962.
|
Stylianos AlexiouStylianos Alexiou (, 13 February 1921 – 12 November 2013) was an archaeologist, philologist and university professor.Sylianos Alexiou was born in 1921 in Heraklion, Crete. He came from a learned family: his father was Lefteris Alexiou (1890-1964), a writer and philologist and he had Elli Alexiou and Galatea Kazantzakis (the first wife of Nikos Kazantzakis) for his aunts. His grandfather was the homonymous Stylianos Alexiou, the scholarly publisher of newspapers in Heraklion.He studied at the School of Philosophy in the University of Athens (1939–46), from which he took his doctorate in 1959. He received a scholarship from the Centre national de la recherche scientifique and remained for the academic year 1951–52 at the Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris, and from 1960 to 1961 he was at the University of Heidelberg on scholarship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.In 1947 he worked as Prefect of Antiquities on Rhodes and in 1950 transferred to the Heraklion Archaeological Museum. In 1960-61 he served as Ephor of Antiquities for Southern Crete, which has its seat in Chania, and in 1962 he took over direction of the Heraklion Archaeological Museum, until 1977 when he quit the General Ephorate of Antiquities. In 1973 and 1977 he had a place on the Archaeological Council of the Hellenic Ministry of Culture. In 1977 he began to teach at the Philosophical School of the University of Crete and in 1982 he was elected as the first professor of Mediaeval & Modern Greek literature in that school.From 1963 to 1964 he was the international editor of "Kritkon Khronikon", a member of the editing committee of the epigraphic periodical "Kadmos" in London, and a member of such learned societies as the German Archaeological Institute, the British School at Athens, the Archaeological Society, the "Association International d' Etudes Byzantines", the Society for Byzantine Studies, the Christian Archaeological Society, the Hellenic Folklore Society, the Society for Cretan Historical Studies, and finally, a "Commendatore" of the Italian Republic. In 1981, he was honoured with the title of Corresponding Member of the Hellenic Folklore Society.In 1992 he was honored by the University of Padua for his contributions to Minoan archaeology and to Byzantine and Modern Greek philology. In 1993 the critical faculty of the National Literary Awards honoured him for all his inspired work with the Special National Literary Award for Literature (1993), while in November 2000 he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Athens.His principal archaeological works are the excavations of the chamber graves of Katsambas (the harbour of Knossos) from 1951 to 1963 and the early Minoan tholos tombs of Levinos-Lenda in 1958–66, his re-organisation and expansion by one-third of the Heraklion Archaeological Museum, with the addition of new wings (five new rooms with about twenty new exhibits), the founding of the Museums of Chania (1962) and Agios Nikolaos (1969), the development of the theory of the coordinated and anactoric character of the Minoan emporium (1958), the identification of the fortifications of Minoan Crete, his research on Luxor in Egypt, the study of Minoan sanitary cisterns (1972), and the location of Panormus-Apollonius and other cities of Greek Crete (1974). Finally, he attended to the special legislative designation of and protection of the Knossos area.He had discovered the earliest works of Cretan literature, back in 1952 in his study of the Erotokritos. His works on the subject number six books and thirty essays or contributed articles, with the most important being his linguistically restored edition of the Erotokritikos published in 1980. According to Nicholas Panayotakis "...constituted one of the leading achievements of Modern Greek philology, a real landmark and "tour-de-force"..." Likewise, he produced the critical "Voskopoula", the "Apokoopo" which does not accept the didactic, moral and eschatalogical character human affairs that so many researchers since have presented and the Erofili. He published many revisions, new interpretations, and observations on editions of texts, old and new, of literary criticism and Cretan theatre.
|
[
"École normale supérieure (Paris)",
"National Center for Scientific Research"
] |
|
Where was Stilianos Alexiou educated in Nov, 1951?
|
November 18, 1951
|
{
"text": [
"National Center for Scientific Research"
]
}
|
L2_Q2359693_P69_1
|
Stilianos Alexiou attended École normale supérieure (Paris) from Jan, 1961 to Jan, 1962.
Stilianos Alexiou attended National Center for Scientific Research from Jan, 1951 to Jan, 1952.
Stilianos Alexiou attended National and Kapodistrian University of Athens from Jan, 1939 to Jan, 1946.
|
Stylianos AlexiouStylianos Alexiou (, 13 February 1921 – 12 November 2013) was an archaeologist, philologist and university professor.Sylianos Alexiou was born in 1921 in Heraklion, Crete. He came from a learned family: his father was Lefteris Alexiou (1890-1964), a writer and philologist and he had Elli Alexiou and Galatea Kazantzakis (the first wife of Nikos Kazantzakis) for his aunts. His grandfather was the homonymous Stylianos Alexiou, the scholarly publisher of newspapers in Heraklion.He studied at the School of Philosophy in the University of Athens (1939–46), from which he took his doctorate in 1959. He received a scholarship from the Centre national de la recherche scientifique and remained for the academic year 1951–52 at the Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris, and from 1960 to 1961 he was at the University of Heidelberg on scholarship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.In 1947 he worked as Prefect of Antiquities on Rhodes and in 1950 transferred to the Heraklion Archaeological Museum. In 1960-61 he served as Ephor of Antiquities for Southern Crete, which has its seat in Chania, and in 1962 he took over direction of the Heraklion Archaeological Museum, until 1977 when he quit the General Ephorate of Antiquities. In 1973 and 1977 he had a place on the Archaeological Council of the Hellenic Ministry of Culture. In 1977 he began to teach at the Philosophical School of the University of Crete and in 1982 he was elected as the first professor of Mediaeval & Modern Greek literature in that school.From 1963 to 1964 he was the international editor of "Kritkon Khronikon", a member of the editing committee of the epigraphic periodical "Kadmos" in London, and a member of such learned societies as the German Archaeological Institute, the British School at Athens, the Archaeological Society, the "Association International d' Etudes Byzantines", the Society for Byzantine Studies, the Christian Archaeological Society, the Hellenic Folklore Society, the Society for Cretan Historical Studies, and finally, a "Commendatore" of the Italian Republic. In 1981, he was honoured with the title of Corresponding Member of the Hellenic Folklore Society.In 1992 he was honored by the University of Padua for his contributions to Minoan archaeology and to Byzantine and Modern Greek philology. In 1993 the critical faculty of the National Literary Awards honoured him for all his inspired work with the Special National Literary Award for Literature (1993), while in November 2000 he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Athens.His principal archaeological works are the excavations of the chamber graves of Katsambas (the harbour of Knossos) from 1951 to 1963 and the early Minoan tholos tombs of Levinos-Lenda in 1958–66, his re-organisation and expansion by one-third of the Heraklion Archaeological Museum, with the addition of new wings (five new rooms with about twenty new exhibits), the founding of the Museums of Chania (1962) and Agios Nikolaos (1969), the development of the theory of the coordinated and anactoric character of the Minoan emporium (1958), the identification of the fortifications of Minoan Crete, his research on Luxor in Egypt, the study of Minoan sanitary cisterns (1972), and the location of Panormus-Apollonius and other cities of Greek Crete (1974). Finally, he attended to the special legislative designation of and protection of the Knossos area.He had discovered the earliest works of Cretan literature, back in 1952 in his study of the Erotokritos. His works on the subject number six books and thirty essays or contributed articles, with the most important being his linguistically restored edition of the Erotokritikos published in 1980. According to Nicholas Panayotakis "...constituted one of the leading achievements of Modern Greek philology, a real landmark and "tour-de-force"..." Likewise, he produced the critical "Voskopoula", the "Apokoopo" which does not accept the didactic, moral and eschatalogical character human affairs that so many researchers since have presented and the Erofili. He published many revisions, new interpretations, and observations on editions of texts, old and new, of literary criticism and Cretan theatre.
|
[
"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens",
"École normale supérieure (Paris)"
] |
|
Where was Stilianos Alexiou educated in Sep, 1961?
|
September 30, 1961
|
{
"text": [
"École normale supérieure (Paris)"
]
}
|
L2_Q2359693_P69_2
|
Stilianos Alexiou attended École normale supérieure (Paris) from Jan, 1961 to Jan, 1962.
Stilianos Alexiou attended National Center for Scientific Research from Jan, 1951 to Jan, 1952.
Stilianos Alexiou attended National and Kapodistrian University of Athens from Jan, 1939 to Jan, 1946.
|
Stylianos AlexiouStylianos Alexiou (, 13 February 1921 – 12 November 2013) was an archaeologist, philologist and university professor.Sylianos Alexiou was born in 1921 in Heraklion, Crete. He came from a learned family: his father was Lefteris Alexiou (1890-1964), a writer and philologist and he had Elli Alexiou and Galatea Kazantzakis (the first wife of Nikos Kazantzakis) for his aunts. His grandfather was the homonymous Stylianos Alexiou, the scholarly publisher of newspapers in Heraklion.He studied at the School of Philosophy in the University of Athens (1939–46), from which he took his doctorate in 1959. He received a scholarship from the Centre national de la recherche scientifique and remained for the academic year 1951–52 at the Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris, and from 1960 to 1961 he was at the University of Heidelberg on scholarship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.In 1947 he worked as Prefect of Antiquities on Rhodes and in 1950 transferred to the Heraklion Archaeological Museum. In 1960-61 he served as Ephor of Antiquities for Southern Crete, which has its seat in Chania, and in 1962 he took over direction of the Heraklion Archaeological Museum, until 1977 when he quit the General Ephorate of Antiquities. In 1973 and 1977 he had a place on the Archaeological Council of the Hellenic Ministry of Culture. In 1977 he began to teach at the Philosophical School of the University of Crete and in 1982 he was elected as the first professor of Mediaeval & Modern Greek literature in that school.From 1963 to 1964 he was the international editor of "Kritkon Khronikon", a member of the editing committee of the epigraphic periodical "Kadmos" in London, and a member of such learned societies as the German Archaeological Institute, the British School at Athens, the Archaeological Society, the "Association International d' Etudes Byzantines", the Society for Byzantine Studies, the Christian Archaeological Society, the Hellenic Folklore Society, the Society for Cretan Historical Studies, and finally, a "Commendatore" of the Italian Republic. In 1981, he was honoured with the title of Corresponding Member of the Hellenic Folklore Society.In 1992 he was honored by the University of Padua for his contributions to Minoan archaeology and to Byzantine and Modern Greek philology. In 1993 the critical faculty of the National Literary Awards honoured him for all his inspired work with the Special National Literary Award for Literature (1993), while in November 2000 he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Athens.His principal archaeological works are the excavations of the chamber graves of Katsambas (the harbour of Knossos) from 1951 to 1963 and the early Minoan tholos tombs of Levinos-Lenda in 1958–66, his re-organisation and expansion by one-third of the Heraklion Archaeological Museum, with the addition of new wings (five new rooms with about twenty new exhibits), the founding of the Museums of Chania (1962) and Agios Nikolaos (1969), the development of the theory of the coordinated and anactoric character of the Minoan emporium (1958), the identification of the fortifications of Minoan Crete, his research on Luxor in Egypt, the study of Minoan sanitary cisterns (1972), and the location of Panormus-Apollonius and other cities of Greek Crete (1974). Finally, he attended to the special legislative designation of and protection of the Knossos area.He had discovered the earliest works of Cretan literature, back in 1952 in his study of the Erotokritos. His works on the subject number six books and thirty essays or contributed articles, with the most important being his linguistically restored edition of the Erotokritikos published in 1980. According to Nicholas Panayotakis "...constituted one of the leading achievements of Modern Greek philology, a real landmark and "tour-de-force"..." Likewise, he produced the critical "Voskopoula", the "Apokoopo" which does not accept the didactic, moral and eschatalogical character human affairs that so many researchers since have presented and the Erofili. He published many revisions, new interpretations, and observations on editions of texts, old and new, of literary criticism and Cretan theatre.
|
[
"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens",
"National Center for Scientific Research"
] |
|
Which position did Marshall Warmington hold in Jun, 1886?
|
June 13, 1886
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 23rd Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q6773834_P39_0
|
Marshall Warmington holds the position of Member of the 23rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Nov, 1885 to Jun, 1886.
Marshall Warmington holds the position of Member of the 24th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1886 to Jun, 1892.
Marshall Warmington holds the position of Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1892 to Jul, 1895.
|
Marshall WarmingtonSir Cornelius Marshall Warmington, 1st Baronet QC (5 June 1842 – 12 December 1908) was an English barrister and Liberal politician.Warmington was born at Colchester, Essex. He became a member of the Middle Temple and was invested as Queen's Counsel in 1882. In 1885 he was elected as Member of Parliament for West Monmouthshire. He held the seat for 10 years, and gave it up in 1895 to make way for William Vernon Harcourt. Warmington was at various times Treasurer and Master of Middle Temple. He was created a baronet, of Pembridge Square, on 28 July 1908, six months before his death.Warmington married Anne Winch daughter of Edward Winch of Chatham and they had a family. His son Denham succeeded to the baronetcy.
|
[
"Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 24th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Marshall Warmington hold in Jun, 1890?
|
June 11, 1890
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 24th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q6773834_P39_1
|
Marshall Warmington holds the position of Member of the 23rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Nov, 1885 to Jun, 1886.
Marshall Warmington holds the position of Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1892 to Jul, 1895.
Marshall Warmington holds the position of Member of the 24th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1886 to Jun, 1892.
|
Marshall WarmingtonSir Cornelius Marshall Warmington, 1st Baronet QC (5 June 1842 – 12 December 1908) was an English barrister and Liberal politician.Warmington was born at Colchester, Essex. He became a member of the Middle Temple and was invested as Queen's Counsel in 1882. In 1885 he was elected as Member of Parliament for West Monmouthshire. He held the seat for 10 years, and gave it up in 1895 to make way for William Vernon Harcourt. Warmington was at various times Treasurer and Master of Middle Temple. He was created a baronet, of Pembridge Square, on 28 July 1908, six months before his death.Warmington married Anne Winch daughter of Edward Winch of Chatham and they had a family. His son Denham succeeded to the baronetcy.
|
[
"Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 23rd Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Marshall Warmington hold in Nov, 1894?
|
November 20, 1894
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q6773834_P39_2
|
Marshall Warmington holds the position of Member of the 23rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Nov, 1885 to Jun, 1886.
Marshall Warmington holds the position of Member of the 24th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1886 to Jun, 1892.
Marshall Warmington holds the position of Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1892 to Jul, 1895.
|
Marshall WarmingtonSir Cornelius Marshall Warmington, 1st Baronet QC (5 June 1842 – 12 December 1908) was an English barrister and Liberal politician.Warmington was born at Colchester, Essex. He became a member of the Middle Temple and was invested as Queen's Counsel in 1882. In 1885 he was elected as Member of Parliament for West Monmouthshire. He held the seat for 10 years, and gave it up in 1895 to make way for William Vernon Harcourt. Warmington was at various times Treasurer and Master of Middle Temple. He was created a baronet, of Pembridge Square, on 28 July 1908, six months before his death.Warmington married Anne Winch daughter of Edward Winch of Chatham and they had a family. His son Denham succeeded to the baronetcy.
|
[
"Member of the 23rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 24th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which employer did Phoebe S. Leboy work for in Sep, 1962?
|
September 15, 1962
|
{
"text": [
"Bryn Mawr College"
]
}
|
L2_Q20017767_P108_0
|
Phoebe S. Leboy works for Bryn Mawr College from Jan, 1962 to Jan, 1963.
Phoebe S. Leboy works for Weizmann Institute of Science from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1967.
Phoebe S. Leboy works for Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania from Jan, 1963 to Jan, 1966.
|
Phoebe S. LeboyPhoebe Starfield Leboy (July 29, 1936 – June 16, 2012) was an American biochemist and advocate for women in science.Leboy earned a bachelor's degree in zoology from Swarthmore College in 1957 and a doctorate in biochemistry from Bryn Mawr College in 1962.Leboy worked as a research associate at Bryn Mawr (1962-3) and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (1963-6), a postdoctoral fellow at the Weizmann Institute of Science (1966-7), and an assistant professor in the biochemistry department of the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine (1966–70). She was promoted to full professor in the dental school and graduate group in cell and molecular biology (1976-2000). Leboy chaired Penn's Faculty Senate (1981-2) and the dental school's biochemistry department (1992-5). She was a visiting professor at the University of California, San Francisco (1979–80) and Wolfson College of Oxford University (1989–90).Leboy's early work dealt with nucleic acid modifications. She later focused upon bone-forming adult stem cells. Her research placed her at the forefront of epigenetics and regenerative medicine.Leboy was deeply concerned with the lack of professional opportunities for women in science. Though she found professional mentors, including a thesis advisor who encouraged her to start her own lab, "the closest I had [to a role model] was Madame Curie and even that was actually Greer Garson, the actress playing her in the movie!"Leboy worked to make the University of Pennsylvania safer and more welcoming to women. In 1970, she chaired and founded Women for Equal Opportunity at the University of Pennsylvania (WEOUP). A series of on-campus rapes prompted her to organize a sit-in. She was a member of the University Council Committee on the Status of Women (Cohn Committee) and co-chaired Penn's Task Force on Gender Equity (2000-1).She was active in the Association for Women in Science (AWIS) for decades and served in a variety of roles, including on the executive board (1974-6) and as President (2008-9). She also served on the American Society for Biochemistry Committee on Women (1972-5) and the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) Committee on Women (1985-8).Leboy experienced explicit discrimination, told outright as a postdoc that neither she nor any other woman would be hired as an Assistant Professor. In the early 2000s, decades after "the really hard stuff" had been done to address sexism, Leboy doubted the relevance of AWIS--"and then Larry Summers opened his mouth." In response to those 2005 comments regarding the underrepresentation of women in science and engineering positions, she refocused AWIS on its advocacy function and looked to the more subtle systemic difficulties of women in science.Leboy's marriage to Eugene Leboy ended in divorce. She later married Neal Nathanson and became the step-mother of his three children, Kate, John, and Daniel. Leboy died of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
|
[
"Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania",
"Weizmann Institute of Science"
] |
|
Which employer did Phoebe S. Leboy work for in Jan, 1964?
|
January 14, 1964
|
{
"text": [
"Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania"
]
}
|
L2_Q20017767_P108_1
|
Phoebe S. Leboy works for Bryn Mawr College from Jan, 1962 to Jan, 1963.
Phoebe S. Leboy works for Weizmann Institute of Science from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1967.
Phoebe S. Leboy works for Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania from Jan, 1963 to Jan, 1966.
|
Phoebe S. LeboyPhoebe Starfield Leboy (July 29, 1936 – June 16, 2012) was an American biochemist and advocate for women in science.Leboy earned a bachelor's degree in zoology from Swarthmore College in 1957 and a doctorate in biochemistry from Bryn Mawr College in 1962.Leboy worked as a research associate at Bryn Mawr (1962-3) and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (1963-6), a postdoctoral fellow at the Weizmann Institute of Science (1966-7), and an assistant professor in the biochemistry department of the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine (1966–70). She was promoted to full professor in the dental school and graduate group in cell and molecular biology (1976-2000). Leboy chaired Penn's Faculty Senate (1981-2) and the dental school's biochemistry department (1992-5). She was a visiting professor at the University of California, San Francisco (1979–80) and Wolfson College of Oxford University (1989–90).Leboy's early work dealt with nucleic acid modifications. She later focused upon bone-forming adult stem cells. Her research placed her at the forefront of epigenetics and regenerative medicine.Leboy was deeply concerned with the lack of professional opportunities for women in science. Though she found professional mentors, including a thesis advisor who encouraged her to start her own lab, "the closest I had [to a role model] was Madame Curie and even that was actually Greer Garson, the actress playing her in the movie!"Leboy worked to make the University of Pennsylvania safer and more welcoming to women. In 1970, she chaired and founded Women for Equal Opportunity at the University of Pennsylvania (WEOUP). A series of on-campus rapes prompted her to organize a sit-in. She was a member of the University Council Committee on the Status of Women (Cohn Committee) and co-chaired Penn's Task Force on Gender Equity (2000-1).She was active in the Association for Women in Science (AWIS) for decades and served in a variety of roles, including on the executive board (1974-6) and as President (2008-9). She also served on the American Society for Biochemistry Committee on Women (1972-5) and the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) Committee on Women (1985-8).Leboy experienced explicit discrimination, told outright as a postdoc that neither she nor any other woman would be hired as an Assistant Professor. In the early 2000s, decades after "the really hard stuff" had been done to address sexism, Leboy doubted the relevance of AWIS--"and then Larry Summers opened his mouth." In response to those 2005 comments regarding the underrepresentation of women in science and engineering positions, she refocused AWIS on its advocacy function and looked to the more subtle systemic difficulties of women in science.Leboy's marriage to Eugene Leboy ended in divorce. She later married Neal Nathanson and became the step-mother of his three children, Kate, John, and Daniel. Leboy died of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
|
[
"Bryn Mawr College",
"Weizmann Institute of Science"
] |
|
Which employer did Phoebe S. Leboy work for in Mar, 1966?
|
March 21, 1966
|
{
"text": [
"Weizmann Institute of Science"
]
}
|
L2_Q20017767_P108_2
|
Phoebe S. Leboy works for Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania from Jan, 1963 to Jan, 1966.
Phoebe S. Leboy works for Weizmann Institute of Science from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1967.
Phoebe S. Leboy works for Bryn Mawr College from Jan, 1962 to Jan, 1963.
|
Phoebe S. LeboyPhoebe Starfield Leboy (July 29, 1936 – June 16, 2012) was an American biochemist and advocate for women in science.Leboy earned a bachelor's degree in zoology from Swarthmore College in 1957 and a doctorate in biochemistry from Bryn Mawr College in 1962.Leboy worked as a research associate at Bryn Mawr (1962-3) and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (1963-6), a postdoctoral fellow at the Weizmann Institute of Science (1966-7), and an assistant professor in the biochemistry department of the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine (1966–70). She was promoted to full professor in the dental school and graduate group in cell and molecular biology (1976-2000). Leboy chaired Penn's Faculty Senate (1981-2) and the dental school's biochemistry department (1992-5). She was a visiting professor at the University of California, San Francisco (1979–80) and Wolfson College of Oxford University (1989–90).Leboy's early work dealt with nucleic acid modifications. She later focused upon bone-forming adult stem cells. Her research placed her at the forefront of epigenetics and regenerative medicine.Leboy was deeply concerned with the lack of professional opportunities for women in science. Though she found professional mentors, including a thesis advisor who encouraged her to start her own lab, "the closest I had [to a role model] was Madame Curie and even that was actually Greer Garson, the actress playing her in the movie!"Leboy worked to make the University of Pennsylvania safer and more welcoming to women. In 1970, she chaired and founded Women for Equal Opportunity at the University of Pennsylvania (WEOUP). A series of on-campus rapes prompted her to organize a sit-in. She was a member of the University Council Committee on the Status of Women (Cohn Committee) and co-chaired Penn's Task Force on Gender Equity (2000-1).She was active in the Association for Women in Science (AWIS) for decades and served in a variety of roles, including on the executive board (1974-6) and as President (2008-9). She also served on the American Society for Biochemistry Committee on Women (1972-5) and the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) Committee on Women (1985-8).Leboy experienced explicit discrimination, told outright as a postdoc that neither she nor any other woman would be hired as an Assistant Professor. In the early 2000s, decades after "the really hard stuff" had been done to address sexism, Leboy doubted the relevance of AWIS--"and then Larry Summers opened his mouth." In response to those 2005 comments regarding the underrepresentation of women in science and engineering positions, she refocused AWIS on its advocacy function and looked to the more subtle systemic difficulties of women in science.Leboy's marriage to Eugene Leboy ended in divorce. She later married Neal Nathanson and became the step-mother of his three children, Kate, John, and Daniel. Leboy died of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
|
[
"Bryn Mawr College",
"Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania"
] |
|
Which team did Giovanni Galeone play for in Aug, 1964?
|
August 17, 1964
|
{
"text": [
"A.C. Monza"
]
}
|
L2_Q3107201_P54_0
|
Giovanni Galeone plays for A.C. Monza from Jan, 1964 to Jan, 1965.
Giovanni Galeone plays for Udinese Calcio from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1974.
Giovanni Galeone plays for UFM Monfalcone from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1966.
|
Giovanni GaleoneGiovanni Galeone (born 25 January 1941) is an Italian football (soccer) manager and former player.Galeone, born in Naples, moved to Northern Italy in his youth years, and played for Ponziana Trieste, Monza and Udinese, where he spent most of his playing career.Galeone started his coaching career at 34 for Serie D team Pordenone, in 1975–76, obtaining an eleventh place in his debut season. His first coaching experience in a professional league came in the 1978–79 season for Cremonese of Serie C1, but ended with a sacking. After a few other experiences, including three fairly successful seasons at SPAL of Serie C1, in 1986–87 Galeone signed for Serie B team Pescara, the team whose name is associated with him still today. In his debut season with Pescara, Galeone won Serie B and led his team directly to Serie A , and managed to save Pescara from relegation the following season for the first time ever for his side. He left Pescara in 1988–89, after having failed to avoid relegation for his second time, but returned in 1990–91 and regained promotion to Serie A in 1991–92. Other than Pescara, where he coached also in 1999–2000 and 2000–01, Galeone served as head coach for Udinese Calcio in 1994–95, obtaining a Serie A promotion, Perugia in 1995–96, where he obtained his fourth and final Serie A promotion, Napoli in 1997–98 and Ancona in 2003–04. In 2006, Galeone made his comeback at Udinese, as he was called to replace Loris Dominissini and Néstor Sensini at the helm of the "bianconeri".Galeone is well known for being a strong advocate for the 4–3–3 formation, zonal marking, and an attacking style of playing, which made of him one of the most innovative Italian football coaches in the late 1980s alongside Arrigo Sacchi. At 65, he had been the oldest active head coach in the 2006–07 Serie A, before being fired on January 16 after disagreements with the club.On July 19, 2007 he was announced to make a fourth comeback at Pescara, this time as technical consultant beside new boss Andrea Camplone, a former player of his in the 1990s, but left the club only one month later.
|
[
"Udinese Calcio",
"UFM Monfalcone"
] |
|
Which team did Giovanni Galeone play for in Oct, 1965?
|
October 28, 1965
|
{
"text": [
"UFM Monfalcone"
]
}
|
L2_Q3107201_P54_1
|
Giovanni Galeone plays for UFM Monfalcone from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1966.
Giovanni Galeone plays for Udinese Calcio from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1974.
Giovanni Galeone plays for A.C. Monza from Jan, 1964 to Jan, 1965.
|
Giovanni GaleoneGiovanni Galeone (born 25 January 1941) is an Italian football (soccer) manager and former player.Galeone, born in Naples, moved to Northern Italy in his youth years, and played for Ponziana Trieste, Monza and Udinese, where he spent most of his playing career.Galeone started his coaching career at 34 for Serie D team Pordenone, in 1975–76, obtaining an eleventh place in his debut season. His first coaching experience in a professional league came in the 1978–79 season for Cremonese of Serie C1, but ended with a sacking. After a few other experiences, including three fairly successful seasons at SPAL of Serie C1, in 1986–87 Galeone signed for Serie B team Pescara, the team whose name is associated with him still today. In his debut season with Pescara, Galeone won Serie B and led his team directly to Serie A , and managed to save Pescara from relegation the following season for the first time ever for his side. He left Pescara in 1988–89, after having failed to avoid relegation for his second time, but returned in 1990–91 and regained promotion to Serie A in 1991–92. Other than Pescara, where he coached also in 1999–2000 and 2000–01, Galeone served as head coach for Udinese Calcio in 1994–95, obtaining a Serie A promotion, Perugia in 1995–96, where he obtained his fourth and final Serie A promotion, Napoli in 1997–98 and Ancona in 2003–04. In 2006, Galeone made his comeback at Udinese, as he was called to replace Loris Dominissini and Néstor Sensini at the helm of the "bianconeri".Galeone is well known for being a strong advocate for the 4–3–3 formation, zonal marking, and an attacking style of playing, which made of him one of the most innovative Italian football coaches in the late 1980s alongside Arrigo Sacchi. At 65, he had been the oldest active head coach in the 2006–07 Serie A, before being fired on January 16 after disagreements with the club.On July 19, 2007 he was announced to make a fourth comeback at Pescara, this time as technical consultant beside new boss Andrea Camplone, a former player of his in the 1990s, but left the club only one month later.
|
[
"Udinese Calcio",
"A.C. Monza"
] |
|
Which team did Giovanni Galeone play for in May, 1972?
|
May 06, 1972
|
{
"text": [
"Udinese Calcio"
]
}
|
L2_Q3107201_P54_2
|
Giovanni Galeone plays for A.C. Monza from Jan, 1964 to Jan, 1965.
Giovanni Galeone plays for UFM Monfalcone from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1966.
Giovanni Galeone plays for Udinese Calcio from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1974.
|
Giovanni GaleoneGiovanni Galeone (born 25 January 1941) is an Italian football (soccer) manager and former player.Galeone, born in Naples, moved to Northern Italy in his youth years, and played for Ponziana Trieste, Monza and Udinese, where he spent most of his playing career.Galeone started his coaching career at 34 for Serie D team Pordenone, in 1975–76, obtaining an eleventh place in his debut season. His first coaching experience in a professional league came in the 1978–79 season for Cremonese of Serie C1, but ended with a sacking. After a few other experiences, including three fairly successful seasons at SPAL of Serie C1, in 1986–87 Galeone signed for Serie B team Pescara, the team whose name is associated with him still today. In his debut season with Pescara, Galeone won Serie B and led his team directly to Serie A , and managed to save Pescara from relegation the following season for the first time ever for his side. He left Pescara in 1988–89, after having failed to avoid relegation for his second time, but returned in 1990–91 and regained promotion to Serie A in 1991–92. Other than Pescara, where he coached also in 1999–2000 and 2000–01, Galeone served as head coach for Udinese Calcio in 1994–95, obtaining a Serie A promotion, Perugia in 1995–96, where he obtained his fourth and final Serie A promotion, Napoli in 1997–98 and Ancona in 2003–04. In 2006, Galeone made his comeback at Udinese, as he was called to replace Loris Dominissini and Néstor Sensini at the helm of the "bianconeri".Galeone is well known for being a strong advocate for the 4–3–3 formation, zonal marking, and an attacking style of playing, which made of him one of the most innovative Italian football coaches in the late 1980s alongside Arrigo Sacchi. At 65, he had been the oldest active head coach in the 2006–07 Serie A, before being fired on January 16 after disagreements with the club.On July 19, 2007 he was announced to make a fourth comeback at Pescara, this time as technical consultant beside new boss Andrea Camplone, a former player of his in the 1990s, but left the club only one month later.
|
[
"A.C. Monza",
"UFM Monfalcone"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team FC Bayern Munich in Sep, 1990?
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September 13, 1990
|
{
"text": [
"Jupp Heynckes"
]
}
|
L2_Q15789_P286_0
|
Julian Nagelsmann is the head coach of FC Bayern Munich from Jul, 2021 to Dec, 2022.
Louis van Gaal is the head coach of FC Bayern Munich from Jul, 2009 to Apr, 2011.
Niko Kovač is the head coach of FC Bayern Munich from Jul, 2018 to Nov, 2019.
Giovanni Trapattoni is the head coach of FC Bayern Munich from Jul, 1994 to Jun, 1995.
Hansi Flick is the head coach of FC Bayern Munich from Nov, 2019 to Jun, 2021.
Ottmar Hitzfeld is the head coach of FC Bayern Munich from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008.
Carlo Ancelotti is the head coach of FC Bayern Munich from Jul, 2016 to Sep, 2017.
Andries Jonker is the head coach of FC Bayern Munich from Apr, 2011 to Jun, 2011.
Jürgen Klinsmann is the head coach of FC Bayern Munich from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009.
Jupp Heynckes is the head coach of FC Bayern Munich from Jul, 1987 to Oct, 1991.
Josep Guardiola is the head coach of FC Bayern Munich from Jun, 2013 to May, 2016.
|
FC Bayern MunichFußball-Club Bayern München e. V. (), commonly known as FC Bayern München (), FCB, Bayern Munich, or FC Bayern, is a German professional sports club based in Munich, Bavaria. It is best known for its professional football team, which plays in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system. Bayern is the most successful club in German football history, having won a record 31 national titles, including nine consecutively since 2013, and 20 national cups, along with numerous European honours.FC Bayern Munich was founded in 1900 by 11 football players, led by Franz John. Although Bayern won its first national championship in 1932, the club was not selected for the Bundesliga at its inception in 1963. The club had its period of greatest success in the mid-1970s when, under the captaincy of Franz Beckenbauer, it won the European Cup three consecutive times (1974–1976). Overall, Bayern has reached eleven European Cup/UEFA Champions League finals, winning their sixth title in the 2020 final as part of a continental treble, after which it became only the second European club to achieve the continental treble twice. Bayern has also won one UEFA Cup, one European Cup Winners' Cup, two UEFA Super Cups, two FIFA Club World Cups and two Intercontinental Cups, making it one of the most successful European clubs internationally and the only German club to have won both international titles. By winning the 2020 FIFA Club World Cup, Bayern Munich became only the second club to win the sextuple. Bayern Munich are one of five clubs to have won all three of UEFA's main club competitions, the only German club to achieve that. As of May 2021, Bayern Munich are ranked first in UEFA club rankings. The club has traditional local rivalries with 1860 Munich and 1. FC Nürnberg, as well as with Borussia Dortmund since the mid-1990s.Since the beginning of the 2005–06 season, Bayern has played its home games at the Allianz Arena. Previously the team had played at Munich's Olympiastadion for 33 years. The team colours are red and white, and the crest shows the white and blue flag of Bavaria. In terms of revenue, Bayern Munich is the largest sports club in Germany and the third highest-earning football club in the world, generating €634.1 million in 2021. In November 2019, Bayern had 293,000 official members and 4,499 officially registered fan clubs with over 350,000 members. The club has other departments for chess, handball, basketball, gymnastics, bowling, table tennis and senior football with more than 1,100 active members.FC Bayern Munich was founded by members of a Munich gymnastics club (MTV 1879). When a congregation of members of MTV 1879 decided on 27 February 1900 that the footballers of the club would not be allowed to join the German Football Association (DFB), 11 members of the football division left the congregation and on the same evening founded Fußball-Club Bayern München. Within a few months, Bayern achieved high-scoring victories against all local rivals, including a 15–0 win against FC Nordstern, and reached the semi-finals of the 1900–01 South German championship. In the following years, the club won some local trophies and in 1910–11 Bayern joined the newly founded "Kreisliga", the first regional Bavarian league. The club won this league in its first year, but did not win it again until the beginning of World War I in 1914, which halted all football activities in Germany. By the end of its first decade of founding, Bayern had attracted its first German national team player, Max "Gaberl" Gablonsky. By 1920, it had over 700 members, making it the largest football club in Munich.In the years after the war, Bayern won several regional competitions before winning its first South German championship in 1926, an achievement repeated two years later. Its first national title was gained in 1932, when coach Richard "Little Dombi" Kohn led the team to the German championship by defeating Eintracht Frankfurt 2–0 in the final.The rise of Adolf Hitler to power put an abrupt end to Bayern's development. Club president Kurt Landauer and the coach, both of whom were Jewish, left the country. Many others in the club were also purged. Bayern was taunted as the "Jew's club" while local rival 1860 Munich gained much support. Josef Sauter, who was inaugurated in 1943, was the only NSDAP member as president. As some Bayern players greeted Landauer, who was watching a Bayern-friendly in Switzerland, lead to continued discrimination. Bayern was also affected by the ruling that football players had to be full amateurs again, which led to the move of the gifted young centre-forward Oskar Rohr to Switzerland. In the following years, Bayern could not sustain its role of contender for the national title, achieving mid-table results in its regional league instead.After the war, Bayern became a member of the Oberliga Süd, the southern conference of the German first division, which was split five ways at that time. Bayern struggled, hiring and firing 13 coaches between 1945 and 1963. Landauer returned from exile in 1947 and was once again appointed club president, the tenure lasted until 1951. He remains as the club's president with the longest accumulated tenure. Landauer has been deemed as inventor of Bayern as a professional club and his memory is being upheld by the Bayern ultras "Schickeria". In 1955, the club was relegated but returned to the "Oberliga" in the following season and won the DFB-Pokal for the first time, beating Fortuna Düsseldorf 1–0 in the final.The club struggled financially, though, verging on bankruptcy at the end of the 1950s. Manufacturer ousted president Reitlinger, who was later convicted for financial irregularities, was ousted in the elections of 1958 by the industrialist Roland Endler. He provided financial stability for the club. Under his reign, Bayern had its best years in the Oberliga. Endler was no longer a candidate in 1962, when Wilhelm Neudecker, who became wealthy in the postwar construction boom, replaced him.In 1963, the Oberligas in Germany were consolidated into one national league, the Bundesliga. Five teams from the Oberliga South were admitted. The key for qualifying for the Bundesliga was the accumulated record of the last twelve years, where Bayern was only the sixth-ranked club. To boot, local rivals TSV 1860 Munich, ranked seventh, were champions of the last Oberliga-Süd season and were given preference on the basis of this achievement. After initial protests of Bayern for alleged mistreatment remained fruitless, president Neudecker rose to the challenge and hired Zlatko Čajkovski, who in 1962 led 1. FC Köln to the national championship. Fielding a team with young talents like Franz Beckenbauer, Gerd Müller and Sepp Maier – who would later be collectively referred to as "the axis", they should achieve promotion to the Bundesliga in 1965.In their first Bundesliga season, Bayern finished third and also won the DFB-Pokal. This qualified them for the following year's European Cup Winners' Cup, which they won in a dramatic final against Scottish club Rangers, when Franz Roth scored the decider in a 1–0 extra time victory. In 1967, Bayern retained the DFB-Pokal, but slow overall progress saw Branko Zebec take over as coach. He replaced Bayern's offensive style of play with a more disciplined approach, and in doing so achieved the first league and cup double in Bundesliga history in 1969. Bayern Munich are one of four German clubs to win the Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal in the same season along with Borussia Dortmund, 1. FC Köln and Werder Bremen. Zebec used only 13 players throughout the season.Udo Lattek took charge in 1970. After winning the DFB-Pokal in his first season, Lattek led Bayern to their third German championship. The deciding match in the 1971–72 season against Schalke 04 was the first match in the new Olympiastadion, and was also the first live televised match in Bundesliga history. Bayern beat Schalke 5–1 and thus claimed the title, also setting several records, including points gained and goals scored. Bayern also won the next two championships, but the zenith was their triumph in the 1974 European Cup Final against Atlético Madrid, which Bayern won 4–0 after a replay. This title – after winning the Cup Winners' trophy 1967 and two semi-finals (1968 and 1972) in that competition – marked the club's breakthrough as a force on the international stage.During the following years, the team was unsuccessful domestically but defended their European title by defeating Leeds United in the 1975 European Cup Final when Roth and Müller secured victory with late goals. "We came back into the game and scored two lucky goals, so in the end, we were the winners, but we were very, very lucky", stated Franz Beckenbauer. Billy Bremner believed the French referee was "very suspicious". Leeds fans then rioted in Paris and were banned from European football for three years. A year later in Glasgow, Saint-Étienne were defeated by another Roth goal and Bayern became the third club to win the trophy in three consecutive years. The final trophy won by Bayern in this era was the Intercontinental Cup, in which they defeated Brazilian club Cruzeiro over two legs. The rest of the decade was a time of change and saw no further titles for Bayern. In 1977, Franz Beckenbauer left for New York Cosmos and, in 1979, Sepp Maier and Uli Hoeneß retired while Gerd Müller joined the Fort Lauderdale Strikers. "Bayerndusel" was coined during this period as an expression of either contempt or envy about the sometimes narrow and last-minute wins against other teams.The 1980s were a period of off-field turmoil for Bayern, with many changes in personnel and financial problems. On the field, Paul Breitner and Karl-Heinz Rummenigge, termed "FC Breitnigge", led the team to Bundesliga titles in 1980 and 1981. Apart from a DFB-Pokal win in 1982, two relatively unsuccessful seasons followed, after which Breitner retired, and former coach Udo Lattek returned. Bayern won the DFB-Pokal in 1984 and went on to win five Bundesliga championships in six seasons, including a double in 1986. European success, however, was elusive during the decade; Bayern managed to claim the runners-up spot in the European Cup in 1982 and 1987.Jupp Heynckes was hired as coach in 1987, but after two consecutive championships in 1988–89 and 1989–90, Bayern's form dipped. After finishing second in 1990–91, the club finished just five points above the relegation places in 1991–92. In 1993–94, Bayern was eliminated in the UEFA Cup second round to Premier League side Norwich City, who remain the only English club to beat Bayern at the Olympiastadion. Success returned when Franz Beckenbauer took over for the second half of the 1993–94 season, winning the championship again after a four-year gap. Beckenbauer was then appointed club president.His successors as coach, Giovanni Trapattoni and Otto Rehhagel, both finished trophyless after a season, not meeting the club's high expectations. During this time, Bayern's players frequently appeared in the gossip pages of the press rather than the sports pages, resulting in the nickname "FC Hollywood". Franz Beckenbauer briefly returned at the end of the 1995–96 season as caretaker coach and led his team to victory in the UEFA Cup, beating Bordeaux in the final. For the 1996–97 season, Trapattoni returned to win the championship. In the following season, Bayern lost the title to newly promoted 1. FC Kaiserslautern and Trapattoni had to take his leave for the second time.After his success at Borussia Dortmund, Bayern were coached by Ottmar Hitzfeld from 1998 to 2004. In Hitzfeld's first season, Bayern won the Bundesliga and came close to winning the Champions League, losing 2–1 to Manchester United into injury time after leading for most of the match. The following year, in the club's centenary season, Bayern won the third league and cup double in its history. A third consecutive Bundesliga title followed in 2001, won with a stoppage time goal on the final day of the league season. Days later, Bayern won the Champions League for the fourth time after a 25-year gap, defeating Valencia on penalties. The 2001–02 season began with a win in the Intercontinental Cup, but ended trophyless otherwise. In 2002–03, Bayern won their fourth double, leading the league by a record margin of 16 points. Hitzfeld's reign ended in 2004, with Bayern underperforming, including defeat by second division Alemannia Aachen in the DFB-Pokal.Felix Magath took over and led Bayern to two consecutive doubles. Prior to the start of the 2005–06 season, Bayern moved from the Olympiastadion to the new Allianz Arena, which the club shared with 1860 Munich. On the field, their performance in 2006–07 was erratic. Trailing in the league and having lost to Alemannia Aachen in the cup yet again, coach Magath was sacked shortly after the winter break.Hitzfeld returned as a trainer in January 2007, but Bayern finished the 2006–07 season in fourth position, thus failing to qualify for the Champions League for the first time in more than a decade. Additional losses in the DFB-Pokal and the DFB-Ligapokal left the club with no honours for the season.For the 2007–08 season, Bayern made drastic squad changes to help rebuild. They signed a total of eight new players and sold, released or loaned out nine of their players. Among new signings were 2006 World Cup stars such as Franck Ribéry, Miroslav Klose and Luca Toni. Bayern went on to win the Bundesliga in convincing fashion, leading the standings on every single week of play, and the DFB-Pokal against Borussia Dortmund.After the season, Bayern's long-term goalkeeper Oliver Kahn retired, which left the club without a top-tier goalkeeper for several seasons. The club's coach Ottmar Hitzfeld also retired and Jürgen Klinsmann was chosen as his successor. However, Klinsmann was sacked even before the end of his first season as Bayern trailed Wolfsburg in the league, had lost the quarterfinal of the DFB-Pokal to Bayer Leverkusen, and had been made look silly in the quarterfinal of the Champions League when FC Barcelona scored four times in the first half of the first leg and over the course of both legs Bayern never looked like they could keep up. Jupp Heynckes was named caretaker coach and led the club to a second-place finish in the league.For the 2009–10 season, Bayern hired Dutch manager Louis van Gaal, and Dutch forward Arjen Robben joined Bayern. Robben, alongside Ribéry, would go on to shape Bayern's playstyle of attacking over the wings for the next ten years. The press quickly dubbed the duo "Robbery". In addition, David Alaba and Thomas Müller were promoted to the first team. With Müller, van Gaal went so far as to proclaim, "With me, Müller always plays," which has become a much-referenced phrase over the years. On the pitch Bayern had its most successful season since 2001, securing the domestic double and losing only in the final of the Champions League to Inter Milan 0–2. Despite the successful 2009–10 campaign, van Gaal was fired in April 2011 as Bayern was trailing in the league and eliminated in the first knockout round of the Champions League, again by Inter. Van Gaal's second in command, Andries Jonker, took over and finished the season in third place.Jupp Heynckes returned for his second permanent spell in the 2011–12 season. Although the club had signed Manuel Neuer, ending Bayern's quest for an adequate substitute for Kahn, and Jérôme Boateng for the season, Bayern remained without a title for the second consecutive season, coming in second to Borussia Dortmund in the league and the cup. The Champions League final was held at the Allianz and Bayern indeed reached the final in their home stadium but lost the "Finale dahoam" as they had termed it to Chelsea on penalties. For the 2012–13 season, Bayern signed Javi Martínez. After Bayern had finished as runner-up to all titles in 2011–12, Bayern went on to win all titles in 2012–13, setting various Bundesliga records along the way, and becoming the first German team to win the treble. Bayern finished the Bundesliga on 91 points, only 11 points shy of a perfect season, and to date, still, the best season ever played. In what was Bayern's third Champions League final appearance within four years, they beat Borussia Dortmund 2–1. A week later, they completed the treble by winning the DFB-Pokal final over VfB Stuttgart. During the season, in January, Bayern had already announced that they would hire Pep Guardiola as coach for the 2013–14 season. Originally the club presented this as Heynckes retiring on the expiration of his contract, but Uli Hoeneß later admitted that it was not Heynckes's decision to leave Bayern at the end of the season. It was actually forced by the club's desire to appoint Guardiola.Bayern fulfilled Guardiola's wish of signing Thiago Alcântara from FC Barcelona and Guardiola's first season started off well with Bayern extending a streak of undefeated league matches from the last season to 53 matches. The eventual loss to Augsburg came two match days after Bayern had already claimed the league title. During the season, Bayern had also claimed two other titles, the FIFA Club World Cup and the UEFA Super Cup, the latter being the last major trophy the club had not yet won. Bayern also won the cup to complete their tenth domestic double, but lost in the semi-final of the Champions League to Real Madrid. Off the pitch, Bayern's president Uli Hoeneß was convicted of tax evasion on 13 March 2014 and sentenced to three and a half years in prison. Hoeneß resigned the next day. Vice-president Karl Hopfner was elected president on 2 May. Before the 2014–15 season, Bayern picked up Robert Lewandowski after his contract had ended at Borussia Dortmund, and loaned out Xabi Alonso from Real Madrid. Bayern also let Toni Kroos leave for Real. Club icons Bastian Schweinsteiger and Claudio Pizarro left before the 2015–16 season. In these two seasons, Bayern defended their league title, including another double in 2015–16, but failed to advance past the semi-finals in the Champions League. Although the club's leadership tried to convince Guardiola to stay, the coach decided not to extend his three-year contract.Carlo Ancelotti was hired as successor to Guardiola. The key transfer for the 2016–17 campaign was Mats Hummels from Borussia Dortmund. Off the pitch Uli Hoeneß had been released early from prison and reelected as president in November 2016. Under Ancelotti, Bayern claimed their fifth consecutive league title, but did not win the cup or the Champions League. In July 2017, Bayern announced that 1860 Munich would leave the Allianz for good as the club had been relegated to the 4th division. Before the 2017–18 season, Bayern made extensive changes to their squad, signing amongst others young prospects such as Kingsley Coman, Corentin Tolisso, Serge Gnabry and Niklas Süle, and loaning James Rodríguez from Real. Meanwhile, the club's captain, Philipp Lahm, and Xabi Alonso retired, and several other players left the club. As Bayern's performances were perceived to be more and more lackluster, Ancelotti was sacked after a 0–3 loss to Paris St. Germain in the Champions League, early in his second season. Willy Sagnol took over as interim manager for a week before it was announced that Jupp Heynckes would finish the season in his fourth spell at the club. During the season, the club urged Heynckes —even publicly— to extend his contract, but Heynckes, aged 73, stayed firm that he would retire for good after the season. The club began a long and extensive search to find a replacement, and eventually Niko Kovač was presented as Heynckes's successor, signing a three-year contract. Heynckes led the club to another championship. In the cup final, Heynckes's last match as coach, Heynckes met his successor on the pitch. Kovač's Eintracht Frankfurt denied Bayern the title, winning 3–1.Kovač's first season at the club started slowly, with Bayern falling behind Dortmund in the league throughout the first half of the season. In contrast to similar situations with van Gaal and Ancelotti, the club's leadership decided to protect their coach from criticisms. However, after the winter break, Bayern quickly closed the distance and put themselves first-place in the league. In the Champions League, the club was eliminated by Liverpool in the round of 16, the first time since 2011 that Bayern did not reach the quarterfinal. During the season Arjen Robben announced that it would be his last season for the club, while Uli Hoeneß announced that Franck Ribéry would be leaving at the end of the season. In March 2019, Bayern announced that they had signed Lucas Hernandez from Atlético Madrid for a club and Bundesliga record fee of €80 million. On 18 May 2019, Bayern won their seventh straight Bundesliga title as they finished two points above second-place Dortmund with 78 points. This Bundesliga title was Ribéry's ninth and Robben's eighth. A week later, Bayern defeated RB Leipzig 3–0 in the 2019 DFB-Pokal Final. With the win, Bayern won their 19th German Cup and completed their 12th domestic double.Hansi Flick joined Bayern Munich on 1 July 2019 as an assistant coach. Under Kovač, Bayern was off to a slow start in the league and after a 5–1 loss to Frankfurt, Kovač and Bayern parted ways on 3 November 2019 with Flick being promoted to interim manager. After a satisfying spell as interim coach, Bayern announced on 22 December 2019 that Flick would remain in charge until the end of season. Bayern's performances on the pitch picked up noticeably and in April 2020, the club agreed with Flick to a new permanent contract through 2023. Under Flick the club won the league, having played the most successful leg of a Bundesliga season in history, and went on to claim the cup, thus completing the club's 13th domestic double. In the Champions League, Bayern reached their first final since 2013, en route beating FC Barcelona 8–2 in the quarter-finals and Lyon 3–0 in the semi-final. In the final, which was held in Lisbon behind closed doors due to the severity of COVID-19 pandemic, they defeated Paris Saint-Germain 1–0. Former PSG player Kingsley Coman scored the only goal of the match. With the victory, they became the second European club to complete the continental treble in two different seasons, matching the 2014–15 FC Barcelona team.After a short break, Bayern started the new season by winning the UEFA Super Cup for the second time in their history. In a closely contested match, Bayern defeated Sevilla 2–1 after extra time, with Javi Martínez scoring the winning goal. In February 2021, they won the 2020 FIFA Club World Cup (postponed from December 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic) after defeating African champions Al Ahly SC 2–0 by a brace from Robert Lewandowski, and then winning in the final against Mexican team Tigres UANL 1–0 after a goal from Benjamin Pavard and became only the second club to win the sextuple, after Barcelona won it in 2009. Later, Bayern failed to defend its Champions League title after losing to PSG in a quarter-final. However, it managed to win its 9th Bundesliga title in a row. During the season Robert Lewandowski broke Gerd Müller's record for the number of goals scored in a Bundesliga season after scoring 41 times.On 27 April 2021, Bayern announced that Flick would be leaving at the end of the season, at his request, and that RB Leipzig manager Julian Nagelsmann would become the new manager, effective 1 July. According to multiple reports, Bayern paid Leipzig €25m, a world record for a manager, as compensation for Nagelsmann's services. It was later announced that Flick was leaving to take charge of the German national team.In the original club constitution, Bayern's colours were named as white and blue, but the club played in white shirts with black shorts until 1905 when Bayern joined MSC. MSC decreed that the footballers would have to play in red shorts. Also, the younger players were called red shorts, which were meant as an insult. For most of the club's early history, Bayern had primarily worn white and maroon home kits. In 1968–69 season, Bayern changed to red and blue striped shirts, with blue shorts and socks. Between 1969 and 1973, the team wore a home strip of red and white striped shirts with either red or white shorts and red socks. In the 1973–74 season, the team switched to an all-white kit featuring single vertical red and blue stripes on the shirt. From 1974 onwards, Bayern has mostly worn an all-red home kit with white trim. Bayern revived the red and blue striped colour scheme between 1995 and 1997. In 1997, blue was the dominant colour for the first time when Adidas released an all navy blue home kit with a red chest band. In 1999, Bayern returned to a predominantly red kit, which featured blue sleeves, and in 2000 the club released a traditional all red kit with white trim to be worn for Champions League matches. Bayern also wore a "Rotwein" coloured home kits in Bundesliga matches between 2001 and 2003, and during the 2006–07 Champions League campaign, in reference to their first-choice colours prior to the late 1960s.The club's away kit has had a wide range of colours over the years, including white, black, blue, and gold-green. Bayern also features a distinct international kit. During the 2013–14 season, Bayern used an all-red home kit with a Bavarian flag diamond watermark pattern, a "Lederhosen" inspired white and black "Oktoberfest" away kit, and an all navy blue international kit.In the 1980s and 1990s, Bayern used a special away kit when playing at 1. FC Kaiserslautern, representing the Brazilian colours blue and yellow, a superstition borne from the fact that the club found it hard to win there.Bayern's crest has changed several times. Originally it consisted of the stylised letters F, C, B, M, which were woven into one symbol. The original crest was blue. The colours of Bavaria were included for the first time in 1954. The crest from 1906 to 1919 denotes "Bayern FA", whereby "FA" stands for "Fußball-Abteilung", i.e., Football Department; Bayern then was integrated into TSV Jahn Munich and constituted its football department.The modern version of the crest has changed from the 1954 version in several steps. While the crest consisted of a single colour only for most of the time, namely blue or red, the current crest is blue, red, and white. It has the colours of Bavaria in its centre, and FC Bayern München is written in white on a red ring enclosing the Bavarian colours.Bayern played its first training games at the Schyrenplatz in the centre of Munich. The first official games were held on the Theresienwiese. In 1901, Bayern moved to a field of its own, located in Schwabing at the Clemensstraße. After joining the Münchner Sport-Club (MSC) in 1906, Bayern moved in May 1907 to MSC's ground at the Leopoldstraße. As the crowds gathering for Bayern's home games increased at the beginning of the 1920s, Bayern had to switch to various other premises in Munich.From 1925, Bayern shared the Grünwalder Stadion with 1860 Munich. Until World War II, the stadium was owned by 1860 Munich, and is still colloquially known as "Sechz'ger" ("Sixties") Stadium. It was destroyed during the war, and efforts to rebuild it resulted in a patchwork. Bayern's record crowd at the Grünwalder Stadion is reported as more than 50,000 in the home game against 1. FC Nürnberg in the 1961–62 season. In the Bundesliga era the stadium had a maximum capacity of 44,000 which was reached on several occasions, but the capacity has since been reduced to 21,272. As was the case at most of this period's stadiums, the vast majority of the stadium was given over to terracing. Today the second teams of both clubs play in the stadium.For the 1972 Summer Olympics, the city of Munich built the Olympiastadion. The stadium, renowned for its architecture, was inaugurated in the last Bundesliga match of the 1971–72 season. The match drew a capacity crowd of 79,000, a total which was reached again on numerous occasions. In its early days, the stadium was considered one of the foremost stadiums in the world and played host to numerous major finals, such as that of 1974 FIFA World Cup. In the following years the stadium underwent several modifications, such as an increase in seating space from approximately 50 per cent to 66 per cent. Eventually, the stadium had a capacity of 63,000 for national matches and 59,000 for international occasions such as European Cup competitions. Many people, however, began to feel that the stadium was too cold in winter, with half the audience exposed to the weather due to lack of cover. A further complaint was the distance between the spectators and the pitch, betraying the stadium's track and field heritage. Renovation proved impossible, as the architect Günther Behnisch vetoed major modifications of the stadium.After much discussion, the city of Munich, the state of Bavaria, Bayern Munich and 1860 Munich jointly decided at the end of 2000 to build a new stadium. While Bayern had wanted a purpose-built football stadium for several years, the awarding of the 2006 FIFA World Cup to Germany stimulated the discussion as the Olympiastadion no longer met the FIFA criteria to host a World Cup game. Located on the northern outskirts of Munich, the Allianz Arena has been in use since the beginning of the 2005–06 season. Its initial capacity of 66,000 fully covered seats has since been increased for matches on national level to 69,901 by transforming 3,000 seats to terracing in a 2:1 ratio. Since August 2012, 2,000 more seats were added in the last row of the top tier increasing the capacity to 71,000. In January 2015, a proposal to increase the capacity was approved by the city council so now Allianz Arena has a capacity of 75,000 (70,000 in Champions League).The stadium's most prominent feature is the translucent outer layer, which can be illuminated in different colors for impressive effects. Red lighting is used for Bayern home games and white for German national team home games.In May 2012, Bayern opened a museum about its history, FC Bayern Erlebniswelt, inside the Allianz Arena.At the 2018 annual general meeting, the Bayern board reported that the club had 291,000 official members and there are 4,433 officially registered fan clubs with over 390,000 members. This makes the club the largest fan membership club in the world. Bayern have fan clubs and supporters all over Germany. Fan club members from all over Germany and nearby Austria and Switzerland often travel more than to Munich to attend home games at the Allianz Arena. Bayern has an average of 75,000 attendees at the Allianz Arena which is at 100 per cent capacity level. Every Bundesliga game has been sold-out for years. Bayern's away games have been sold out for many years. According to a study by Sport+Markt Bayern is the fifth-most popular football club in Europe with 20.7 million supporters, and the most popular football club in Germany with 10 million supporters.Bayern Munich is also renowned for its well-organised ultra scene. The most prominent groups are the "Schickeria München", the "Inferno Bavaria", the "Red Munichs '89", the "Südkurve '73", the "Munichmaniacs 1996", the "Red Angels", and the "Red Sharks". The ultras scene of Bayern Munch has been recognised for certain groups taking stance against right-wing extremism, racism and homophobia, and in 2014 the group Schickeria München received the Julius Hirsch Award by the DFB for its commitment against antisemitism and discrimination.Stern des Südens is the song which fans sing at FCB home games. In the 1990s they also used to sing "FC Bayern, Forever Number One". Another notable song is "Mia San Mia" (Bavarian for "we are who we are") which is a famous motto of the club as well. A renowned catchphrase for the team is ""Packmas"" which is a Bavarian phrase for the German ""Packen wir es"", which means "let's do it". The team's mascot is called "Berni" since 2004.The club also has quite a number of high-profile supporters, among them Pope Benedict XVI, Boris Becker, Wladimir Klitschko, Horst Seehofer and Edmund Stoiber, former Minister-President of Bavaria, to name just a few.Bayern is one of three professional football clubs in Munich. Bayern's main local rival is 1860 Munich, who was the more successful club in the 1950s and was controversially picked for the initial Bundesliga season in 1963, winning a cup and a championship. In the 1970s and 1980s, 1860 Munich moved between the first and the third division. The Munich derby is still a much-anticipated event, getting much extra attention from supporters of both clubs. 1860 Munich is considered more working-class, and therefore suffers from a diminishing fan base in a city where the manufacturing sector is declining. Bayern is considered the establishment club, which is reflected by many board members being business leaders and including the former Bavarian minister-president, Edmund Stoiber. Despite the rivalry, Bayern has repeatedly supported 1860 in times of financial disarray.Since the 1920s, 1. FC Nürnberg has been Bayern's main and traditional rival in Bavaria. Philipp Lahm said that playing Nürnberg is "always special" and is a "heated atmosphere". Both clubs played in the same league in the mid-1920s, but in the 1920s and 1930s, Nürnberg was far more successful, winning five championships in the 1920s, making the club Germany's record champion. Bayern took over the title more than sixty years later, when they won their tenth championship in 1987, thereby surpassing the number of championships won by Nürnberg. The duel between Bayern and Nürnberg is often referred to as the Bavarian Derby.Bayern also enjoys a strong rivalry with the 1. FC Kaiserslautern, originating in parts from a game in 1973, when Bayern lost 7–4 after leading 4–1, but also from the two clubs competing for German championship honours at various times in the Bundesliga as well as the city of Kaiserslautern together with the surrounding Palatinate having been part of Bavaria until a plebiscite after the end of the Second World War.Since the 1970s, Bayern's main rivals have been the clubs who put up the strongest fight against its national dominance. In the 1970s this was Borussia Mönchengladbach, in the 1980s the category expanded to include Hamburger SV. In the 1990s, Borussia Dortmund, Werder Bremen and Bayer Leverkusen emerged as the most ardent opponents. Recently Borussia Dortmund, Schalke, and Werder Bremen have been the main challengers in the Bundesliga. Recently, Bayern's main Bundesliga challenger has been Borussia Dortmund. Bayern and Dortmund have competed against each other for many Bundesliga titles. They also have played against each other in the DFB-Pokal final in 2008, 2012, 2014, and 2016. The 2–5 loss against Dortmund in the 2012 final was Bayern's worst ever loss in a DFB-Pokal final. Bayern and Dortmund have also played against each other in the DFL-Supercup in 1989, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2019, and 2020. The height of the competition between the two clubs was when Bayern defeated Dortmund 2–1 in the final of the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League.Amongst Bayern's chief European rivals are Real Madrid, A.C. Milan, and Manchester United due to many classic wins, draws and losses. Real Madrid versus Bayern is the match that has historically been played most often in the Champions League/European Cup with 24 matches. Due to Bayern being traditionally hard to beat for Madrid, Madrid supporters often refer to Bayern as the ""Bestia negra"" ("Black Beast"). Despite the number of duels, Bayern and Real have never met in the final of a Champions League or European Cup.Bayern is led mostly by former club players. From 2016 to 2019, Uli Hoeneß served as the club's president, following Karl Hopfner who had been in office from 2014; Hoeneß had resigned in 2014 after being convicted of tax fraud. Karl-Heinz Rummenigge is the chairman of the executive board of the AG. The supervisory board of nine consists mostly of managers of big German corporations. Besides the club's president and the board's chairman, they are Herbert Hainer former CEO of (Adidas), Dr. Herbert Diess chairman of (Volkswagen), Dr. Werner Zedelius senior advisor at (Allianz), Timotheus Höttges CEO of (Deutsche Telekom), Prof. Dr. Dieter Mayer, Edmund Stoiber, Theodor Weimer CEO of (Deutsche Börse), and Dr. Michael Diederich speaker of the board at (UniCredit Bank).Professional football at Bayern is run by the spin-off organisation "FC Bayern München AG". "AG" is short for "Aktiengesellschaft", and Bayern is run like a joint stock company, a company whose stock are not listed on the public stock exchange, but is privately owned. 75 per cent of "FC Bayern München AG" is owned by the club, the "FC Bayern München e. V." ("e. V." is short for "Eingetragener Verein", which translates into "Registered Club"). Three German corporations, the sports goods manufacturer Adidas, the automobile company Audi and the financial services group Allianz each hold 8.33 per cent of the shares, 25 per cent in total. Adidas acquired its shares in 2002 for €77 million. The money was designated to help finance the Allianz Arena. In 2009 Audi paid €90 million for their share. The capital was used to repay the loan on the Allianz Arena. And in early 2014, Allianz became the third shareholder of the company acquiring theirs share for €110 million. With the sale, Bayern paid off the remaining debt on the Allianz Arena 16 years ahead of schedule. Bayern's other sports departments are run by the club.Bayern's shirt sponsor is Deutsche Telekom. Deutsche Telekom has been Bayern's shirt sponsor since the start of 2002–03 season. The company extended their sponsorship deal in August 2015 until the end of the 2022–23 season. Bayern's kit sponsor is Adidas. Adidas have been Bayern's kit sponsor since 1974. Adidas extended their sponsorship with Bayern on 29 April 2015. The sponsorship deal runs until the end of the 2029–30 season. The premium partners are Audi, Allianz, HypoVereinsbank, Goodyear, Qatar Airways, Siemens, Paulaner Brewery, SAP, DHL, Hamad International Airport and Tipico. Gold sponsors are Coca-Cola, MAN, Procter & Gamble. Classic sponsors are Apple Music, Bayern 3, Beats Electronics, EA Sports, Gigaset, Hugo Boss, Courtyard by Marriott, Veuve Clicquot, and Adelholzener. In previous years the jersey rights were held by Adidas (1974–78), Magirus Deutz and Iveco (1978–84), Commodore (1984–89) and Opel (1989–2002).Bayern is an exception in professional football, having generated profits for 27 consecutive years. Other clubs often report losses, realising transfers via loans, whereas Bayern always uses current assets. In the 2019 edition of the Deloitte Football Money League, Bayern had the fourth-highest revenue in club football, generating revenue of €629.2 million. Bayern differs from other European top clubs in their income composition. The top 20 European football clubs earned 43 per cent of revenue, on average, from broadcasting rights. Bayern earned the only 28 per cent of their revenue that way. Bayern had the second-highest commercial revenue in the 2019 Deloitte Football Money League, behind only Real Madrid. Bayern's commercial revenue was €348.7 million (55 per cent of total revenue). In contrast, Bayern's Matchday revenue trails other top clubs at €103.8 million (17 per cent of their total revenue).While other European clubs have mainly marketed to international audiences, Bayern had focused on Germany. In recent years Bayern have started to focus their marketing more on Asia and the United States. Bayern made summer tours to the United States in 2014 and 2016. Bayern went to China in the summer of 2015 and returned in the summer of 2017 where they also played games in Singapore. In August 2014 Bayern opened an office in New York City as the club wants to strengthen their brand positioning against other top European clubs in the United States. In March 2017, Bayern was the first foreign football club to open an office in mainland China. Bayern hope to attract new sponsors and to increase their merchandising sales. In 2017, Forbes ranks Bayern as the world's fourth-most valuable football club in their annual list, estimating the club's value at €2.5 billion.As a result of Bayern's appearance in the 2012 UEFA Champions League Final, the club's brand value has reached US$786 million, up 59 per cent from the previous year. Among European teams, this is ahead of Real Madrid's US$600 million and behind first-placed Manchester United, whose brand is valued at US$853 million. In 2013, Bayern overtook Manchester United to take first place in brand valuation.Bayern's financial report for the 2018–19 season reported revenue of €750.4 million and an operating profit of €146.1 million. Post-tax profits were €52.5 million which meant that this was Bayern's 27th consecutive year with a profit.Bayern has been involved with charitable ventures for a long time, helping other football clubs in financial disarray as well as ordinary people in misery. In the wake of the 2004 Tsunami the "FC Bayern – Hilfe e.V." was founded, a foundation that aims to concentrate the social engagements of the club. At its inception this venture was funded with €600,000, raised by officials and players of the club. The money was amongst other things used to build a school in Marathenkerny, Sri Lanka and to rebuild the area of Trincomalee, Sri Lanka. In April 2007 it was decided that the focus of the foundation would shift towards supporting people in need locally.The club has also time and again shown to have a soft spot for clubs in financial disarray. Repeatedly the club has supported its local rival 1860 Munich with gratuitous friendlies, transfers at favourable rates, and direct money transfers. Also when St. Pauli threatened to lose its licence for professional football due to financial problems, Bayern met the club for a friendly game free of any charge, giving all revenues to St. Pauli. More recently when Mark van Bommel's home club Fortuna Sittard was in financial distress Bayern came to a charity game at the Dutch club. Another well known example was the transfer of Alexander Zickler in 1993 from Dynamo Dresden. When Bayern picked up Zickler for 2.3 Million DM many considered the sum to be a subvention for the financially threatened Dresdeners. In 2003, Bayern provided a €2 Million loan without collateral to the nearly bankrupt Borussia Dortmund which has since been repaid. On 14 July 2013, Bayern played a charity game against financially threatened third division Hansa Rostock. The game raised about €1 million, securing Hansa's licence. On 30 August 2017, Bayern played a benefit match against financial troubled Kickers Offenbach. All the revenue from the match went to Kickers Offenbach. Bayern's chairman, Karl-Heinz Rummenigge said, "Kickers Offenbach are a club with a rich tradition, they've always been an important club in Germany, so we'll gladly help them with a benefit match." On 27 May 2019, Bayern played a benefit match against 1. FC Kaiserslautern. The match was played so Kaiserslautern could secure their licence to play in the German third division. All income from the match went to Kaiserslautern. "1. FC Kaiserslautern are one of Germany's biggest traditional clubs," Bayern's chairman, Karl-Heinz Rummenigge said. "For many years there were intense, and in retrospect also legendary, Bayern matches at Kaiserslautern. Football is all about emotions and sporting rivalries, but also about solidarity. That's why we're happy to help and hope 1. FC Kaiserslautern can once again gain promotion back to the Bundesliga in the foreseeable future."In March 2020, Bayern Munich, Borussia Dortmund, RB Leipzig, and Bayer Leverkusen, the four German UEFA Champions League teams for the 2019/20 season, collectively gave €20 million to Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga teams that were struggling financially during the COVID-19 pandemic.In mid 2013, Bayern was the first club to give financial support to the Magnus Hirschfeld National Foundation. The foundation researches the living environment LGBT people, and developed an education concept to facilitate unbiased dealing with LGBT themes in football.In 2016, FC Bayern received the Nine Values Cup, an award of the international children's social programme Football for Friendship.FC Bayern Munich headquarters and training facility is called Säbener Straße and it is located in the Untergiesing-Harlaching borough of Munich. The first team and the reserve team train at the facility. There are five grass pitches, two of which have undersoil heating, two artificial grass fields, a beach volleyball court and a multi-functional sports hall.The players' quarters opened in 1990 and were reconstructed after the 2007–08 season on suggestions by then new coach, Jürgen Klinsmann, who took inspiration from various major sports clubs. The quarters are now called the performance centre and feature weights and fitness areas, a massage unit, dressing rooms, the coaches' office, and a conference room with screening facilities for video analysis. A café, a library, an e-Learning room, and a family room are also included.Until August 2017, the Youth House was located at the headquarters at Säbener Straße. The Youth House housed up to 14 young talents aged 15 to 18 from outside of Munich. Former residents of the Youth House include Bastian Schweinsteiger, David Alaba, Owen Hargreaves, Michael Rensing, Holger Badstuber and Emre Can.In 2006, Bayern purchased land near the Allianz Arena with the purpose of building a new youth academy. In 2015 the project, estimated to cost €70 million, was started after overcoming internal resistance. The project's main reasons were that the existing facilities were too small and that the club, while very successful at the senior level, lacked competitiveness with other German and European clubs at the youth level. The new facility was scheduled to open in the 2017–18 season. On 21 August 2017 the FC Bayern Campus opened at a cost of €70 million. The campus is located north of Munich at Ingolstädter Straße. The campus is 30 hectare and has 8 football pitches for youth teams from the U-9s to the U-19s and the women's and girls' teams. The campus also has a 2,500-capacity stadium where the U-17s and the U-19s play their matches. The Allianz FC Bayern Akademie is located on the campus site, and the academy has 35 apartments for young talents who don't live in the Greater Munich area. The academy building also has offices for youth coaches and staff.Bayern is historically the most successful team in German football, as they have won the most championships and the most cups. They are also Germany's most successful team in international competitions, having won fourteen trophies. Bayern is one of only five clubs to have won all three major European competitions and was also the last club to have won three consecutive European Cup titles in the old straight knockout tournament format, entitling them to wear a multiple-winner badge during Champions League matches.German Champions/BundesligaDFB-PokalDFB/DFL-SupercupDFL-LigapokalUEFA Champions League / European CupUEFA Europa League / UEFA CupUEFA/European Cup Winners' CupUEFA/European Super CupIntercontinental CupFIFA Club World CupBayern Munich is the only European team to have completed all available Trebles (continental treble, domestic treble and European treble).The football competitions, which consist of a single match involving only two teams (for example, the UEFA Super Cup or DFL Supercup) are generally not counted as part of a treble.At his farewell game, Oliver Kahn was declared honorary captain of Bayern Munich. The players below are part of the FC Bayern Munich Hall of Fame.1930s1970s:1980s:1990s:2000s:2010s:Bayern has had 19 coaches since its promotion to the Bundesliga in 1965. Udo Lattek, Giovanni Trapattoni and Ottmar Hitzfeld served two terms as head coach. Franz Beckenbauer served one term as head coach and one as caretaker, while Jupp Heynckes had four separate spells as coach, including one as caretaker. Lattek was the club's most successful coach, having won six Bundesliga titles, two DFB Cups and the European Cup; following closely is Ottmar Hitzfeld, who won five Bundesliga titles, two DFB Cups and the Champions League. The club's least successful coach was Søren Lerby, who won less than a third of his matches in charge and presided over the club's near-relegation in the 1991–92 campaign.On 3 November 2019, Bayern sacked Niko Kovač after a 5–1 loss to Eintracht Frankfurt and appointed Hansi Flick as a coach. Initially, Flick was installed as caretaker coach only, however on 15 November, after Flick's team had won 4–0 against Borussia Dortmund, Bayern announced that Flick would be in charge at least until Christmas 2019. Later on, Flick signed a new contract until 2023.The reserve team serves mainly as the final stepping stone for promising young players before being promoted to the main team. The second team is coached by Sebastian Hoeneß. The second team play in the 3. Liga for the 2019–20 season. Since the inception of the Regionalliga in 1994, the team played in the Regionalliga Süd, after playing in the Oberliga since 1978. In the 2007–08 season, they qualified for the newly founded 3. Liga, where they lasted until 2011 when they were relegated to the Regionalliga. This ended 33 consecutive years of playing in the highest league that the German Football Association permits the second team of a professional football team to play.The youth academy has produced some of Europe's top football players, including Thomas Hitzlsperger, Owen Hargreaves, Philipp Lahm, Bastian Schweinsteiger and Thomas Müller. On 1 August 2017, the FC Bayern Campus became the new home of the youth teams. It consists of ten teams, with the youngest being under 9. Jochen Sauer is the FC Bayern Campus director and Bayern legend coach Hermann Gerland is the sporting director.The women's football department consists of five teams, including a professional team, a reserve team, and two youth teams. The women's first team, which is led by head coach Thomas Wörle, features several members of the German national youth team. In the 2008–09 season, the team finished second in the women's Bundesliga. The division was founded in 1970 and consisted of four teams with 90 players. Their greatest successes were winning the championships in 1976, 2015, and 2016. In the 2011–12 season on 12 May 2012, FC Bayern Munich dethroned the German Cup title holders 1. FFC Frankfurt with a 2–0 in the 2011–12 final in Cologne and celebrated the biggest success of the club's history since winning the championship in 1976. In 2015 they won the Bundesliga for the first time, without any defeat. They won the 2015–16 Bundesliga for the second consecutive time.The senior football department was founded in 2002, making it the youngest division of the club, and consists of five teams. The division is intended to enable senior athletes to participate in the various senior citizen competitions in Munich.The FC Bayern AllStars were founded in summer 2006, and consists of former Bayern players, including Klaus Augenthaler, Raimond Aumann, Andreas Brehme, Paul Breitner, Hans Pflügler, Stefan Reuter, Paulo Sérgio, and Olaf Thon. The team is coached by Wolfgang Dremmler, and plays matches with other senior teams around the world. For organisational reasons, the team can only play a limited number of games annually.Bayern has other departments for a variety of sports.The basketball department was founded in 1946, and currently contains 26 teams, including four men's teams, three women's teams, sixteen youth teams, and three senior teams. The men's team are three-time German champions, having won in 1954, 1955, and 2014. The team also won the German Basketball Cup in 1968. The team plays its home games at the Rudi-Sedlmayer-Halle, located in the Sendling-Westpark borough of Munich.The bowling department emerged from SKC Real-Isaria in 1983 and currently consists of five teams. Directly next to the well-known club building of the football department, the team plays at the bowling alley of the Münchner Kegler-Verein. The first team plays in the second highest division of the Münchner Spielklasse Bezirksliga.The department was created in 1908, and consists of nine teams, including seven men's teams and two women's teams. The men's team, which currently plays in the Chess Bundesliga following promotion in 2013 from the 2. Bundesliga Ost, was nine-time German Champion from 1983 to 1995. The team also won the European Chess Club Cup in 1992. The women play in the 2. Bundesliga, with their biggest success being the rise to the league in 2002.The handball department was founded in 1945, and consists of thirteen teams, including three men's teams, two women's teams, five boys teams, two girls teams, and a mixed youth team. The first men's team plays in the Bezirksoberliga Oberbayern, while the women's first teams plays in the Bezirksliga Oberbayern.The refereeing department was established in 1919 and is currently the largest football refereeing division in Europe, with 110 referees, with 2 of them women. The referees mainly officiate amateur games in the local Munich leagues.The table tennis department was founded in 1946 and currently has 220 members. The club currently has fourteen teams, including eight men's teams, a women's team, three youth teams, and two children teams. The women's first team is currently playing in the Landesliga Süd/Ost, while the men's first team plays in the 3. Bundesliga Süd. The focus of the department is on youth support.The baseball division existed during the 1960s and 1970s, during which the team won two German championships in 1962 and 1969.From 1966 to 1969, there existed an ice hockey team, which completed two seasons in the Eishockey-Bundesliga.In the summer of 1965, the Münchner Eislauf Verein negotiated with Bayern Munich about joining the club. Although the talks came to nothing, the ice hockey department of Münchner Eislauf Verein decided to join Bayern –mid-season– in January 1966. The team finished the season under the name of Bayern Munich in third place of the second-tier Oberliga. The following season Bayern achieved promotion to the Bundesliga where the club stayed for two seasons. However, in 1969 the club disbanded the department and sold the hockey team to Augsburger EV, citing lack of local support and difficulty in recruiting players as reasons.The gymnastics department was founded in 1974 and was most successful in the 1980s. During this time, the team won four German championships in 1983, 1986, 1987, and 1988. In 2014, the division was dissolved.
|
[
"Louis van Gaal",
"Josep Guardiola",
"Niko Kovač",
"Julian Nagelsmann",
"Hansi Flick",
"Ottmar Hitzfeld",
"Jürgen Klinsmann",
"Carlo Ancelotti",
"Andries Jonker",
"Giovanni Trapattoni"
] |
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