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The peer review mechanism constitutes the bedrock of today's academic research landscape spanning submissions to conferences, journals, and funding bodies across numerous disciplines. Matching a paper (or a proposal) to an expert in the topic presented in the paper requires the knowledge of diverse topics of both the s... | 0 |
Complex prepositions (CPRE) and complex conjunctions (CCONJ) are two types of function words that consist of more than one orthographic word (Piot, 1993) . They can be considered as fixed multiword expressions that allow little or no variability. Examples in English include CCONJs even though, as well as and CPREs up t... | 0 |
Deep learning has been demonstrated remarkably adept at numerous natural language processing (NLP) tasks, such as machine translation (Bahdanau et al., 2014) , relation extraction (Zhang et al., 2017) , grammar error correction (Ge et al., 2018) , and so on. The success of deep learning in NLP also promotes the develop... | 0 |
This paper describes the NICT/ATR SMT system used in the International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT) 2008 evaluation campaign. We participated in the following translation tasks: Chinese-English (Challenge Task), English-Chinese (Challenge Task), Chinese-English (BTEC Task), Chinese-Spanish (BTEC Task... | 0 |
Ever since BLEU (Papineni et al., 2002) many proposals for an improved automatic evaluation metric for Machine Translation (MT) have been made. Some proposals use additional information for extracting quality indicators, like paraphrasing (Denkowski and Lavie, 2011) , syntactic trees (Liu and Gildea, 2005; Stanojević a... | 0 |
The Transformer model (Vaswani et al., 2017) has pushed the accuracy of various NLP applications to a new stage by introducing the multi-head attention (MHA) mechanism (Lin et al., 2017) . Further, the BERT (Devlin et al., 2019) model advances its performances by introducing self-supervised Figure 1 : Overview of Trans... | 0 |
Annotated corpora is essential for most of the natural language processing tasks. Developing new annotated corpora becomes crucial especially for lesser studied languages where we encounter many difficulties for finding such data. Turkish is one of the languages which still suffer from scarcity of annotated resources. ... | 0 |
Parsing is an important and fundamental task in natural language processing. In recent years, Chinese parsing has received a great deal of attention, and lots of researchers have presented many of Chinese parsing models (Collins, 1999; Charniak and Johnson, 2005; Petrov, 2006) . Nevertheless, the factored model is pres... | 0 |
This paper focuses on studying two fundamental NLP tasks, Discourse Parsing and Sentiment Analysis. The importance of these tasks and their wide applications (e.g., (Gerani et al., 2014) , (Rosenthal et al., 2014) ) has initiated much interest in studying both, but no method yet exists that can come close to human perf... | 0 |
Closed nominal compounds (i.e., one-word compounds such as the German Eidotter 'egg yolk') are one of the most productive word formation types in Germanic languages such as German, Dutch or Swedish, and constitute a major class of multi-word expressions (MWEs). Baroni (2002) presents a German corpus study showing that ... | 0 |
Currently, WebLicht offers LRT services that were developed independently at the Institut für Informatik, Abteilung Automatische Sprachverarbeitung at the University of Leipzig (tokenizer, lemmatizer, co-occurrence extraction, and frequency analyzer), at the Institut für Maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung at the University... | 0 |
Spoken language differs from written language. Unlike written texts, spontaneous speech frequently contains disfluencies such as filled pauses, repetitions, repairs, and false starts. These affect around 6% of words (Kasl and Mahl, 1965; Tree, 1995; Bortfeld et al., 2001 ) and occur in both human-human and human-comput... | 0 |
In this paper we explain the methodology and results of the experiments for the enlargement of the Croatian Wordnet using the WN-Toolkit and the derivational database CroDeriV. The paper is organised as follows: first, we will explain the development of the previous version of CroWN and we will present some figures abo... | 0 |
A majority of Web queries mention an entity or type , as users increasingly explore the Web of objects using Web search. To better support entity-oriented queries, commercial Web search engines are rapidly building up large catalogs of types, entities and relations, popularly called a "knowledge graph" (KG) (Gallagher,... | 0 |
As is mostly the case with technical documents, biomedical documents, a critical resource for many applications, are usually rich with domain knowledge. Efforts in formalizing biomedical information have resulted in many interesting biomedical ontologies, such as Gene Ontology and SNOMED CT. Ontology-based semantic ann... | 0 |
Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is one of the most challenging Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. It deals with lexical ambiguity, and it is core to achieving the much-sought-for goal of Natural Language Understanding (Navigli, 2018) . In a broad sense, two major approaches can be adopted for performing WSD: the ... | 0 |
Large-scale pretrained language models with Transformer-based architecture (Radford et al., 2019; Raffel et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2019) have achieved state-of-the-art performance across a variety of natural language processing (NLP) tasks, including open-domain dialogue response generation. The majority of these mod... | 0 |
In this paper, we present the fourth edition 1 of the Bacteria Biotope (BB) task. The task was introduced in 2011. It has the ambition of promoting large-scale information extraction (IE) from scientific documents in order to automatically fill knowledge bases in the microbial diversity field (Bossy et al., 2012) . BB ... | 0 |
The system NER@ISCAS is designed under the Conditional Random Fields (CRFs. Lafferty et al., 2001) framework. It integrates multiple features based on single Chinese character or space separated ASCII words. The early designed system (Feng et al., 2005) is used for the MSRA NER open track this year. The output of an ex... | 0 |
One of the major problems in multilingual NLP applications is to identify which of the various translation candidates for an expression is appropriate in a given context. For example, the English word bad translates into German böse in the 'immoral' sense, krank in the 'unhealthy' sense and faul or verdorben in the 'ro... | 0 |
In recent years, the advancement of artificial intelligence applications has grown multifold. Many areas such as natural language processing, digital twins , and chatbots (Chen et al., 2021) have become very popular for their ability to record and use information from unstructured sources efficiently. One such applicat... | 0 |
Brazil's legal system suffers from an unreasonably large number of lawsuits (de Cássia Carvalho Lopes, 2017). To put matters into perspective, about 80 million lawsuits were awaiting judgement in 2017. That is almost one process for every three Brazilians. The period from 2009 to 2017 saw an increase of 19.4 million la... | 0 |
La projection de patrons lexico-syntaxiques sur corpus, utilisée pour l'extraction d'informations, s'applique également sur des corpus spécialisés pour la construction d'ontologies de domaines : on s'attend à trouver des traces linguistiques de concepts et de relations sémantiques binaires entre ces concepts. Des trava... | 0 |
Human languages always communicate about evolving events. Hence, it is important for NLP systems to understand how events are procedurally described in text. In this context, identifying patterns of event chains is important but challenging, as it requires knowledge of inter-event relations such as temporal or causal r... | 0 |
Machine translation (MT) of related languages is a specific field in the domain of MT which attracted the attention of several research teams in the past by promising relatively good results through the application of classic rule-based methods. The exploitation of lexical, morphological and syntactic similarity of rel... | 0 |
Part-of-speech tagging is a core task in natural language processing (NLP) that is important for many subsequent processing steps, e. g. lemmatization, parsing, named-entity recognition or machine translation. There is already a large number of part-of-speech taggers available that provide pre-trained models for many d... | 0 |
"Less interesting languages" 2 have to overcome a major gap in language resources, reference-systems and tools which ensure the development of an MT-system of higher quality. In its simplest form, statistical machine translation (SMT) is based only on the existence of a big parallel corpus, thereby it seems to be a sol... | 0 |
In this paper, we present the automatic identification of bibliographical references' zone in papers, as far as we know an innovation in its domain. Our work is based on a research and development program presented at LREC (Kim et al., 2012a) , it aimed to construct a software environment (BILBO 1 ) enabling the recogn... | 0 |
In the Institute for German Language (Institut für Deutsche Sprache, IDS Mannheim) a large reference corpus of German spoken data is currently being built. It already contains more than 100 hours of transcribed audio material, i.e. about one million tokens. The aim of my dissertation is to annotate the corpus with Part... | 0 |
Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) is a general-purpose meaning representation that has become popular for its simple structure, ease of annotation and available corpora, and overall expressiveness (Banarescu et al., 2013; Knight et al., 2019) . Specifically, AMR focuses on representing the predicative core of a sen... | 0 |
Many machine translation systems have been developed for long time and have over three generations of technology.The first generation was a rule-based translation method, which was developed over the course of many years. This method had translation rules that were written by hand. Thus, if the input sentence completel... | 0 |
As already pointed out by some researchers (see, e.g., Kübler (2005) , Rehbein and van Genabith (2007) , , ), the use of a single annotation scheme for treebank creation leaves the question open to what extent the performance of an application trained on a treebank depends on the annotation scheme in question. Or, in o... | 0 |
Discontinuous phrase-structure parsing relies either on formal grammars such as LCFRS, which suffer from a high complexity, or on reductions to non-projective dependency parsing with complex labels to encode phrase combinations. We propose an alternative approach based on a variant of spinal TAGs, which allows parses w... | 0 |
Several ensemble models have been proposed for the parsing of syntactic dependencies. These approaches can generally be classified in two categories: models that integrate base parsers at learning time, e.g., using stacking (Nivre and McDonald, 2008; Attardi and Dell'Orletta, 2009) , and approaches that combine indepen... | 0 |
Learning parsers from incomplete or indirect supervision is an important component of moving NLP research toward new domains and languages. But with less information, it becomes necessary to devise ways of making better use of the information that is available. In general, this means constructing inductive biases that ... | 0 |
Extracting structured information from unstructured text has been a key research area within NLP. The paradigm of Open Information Extraction (OpenIE) (Banko et al., 2007) uses an open vocabulary to convert natural text to semi-structured representations, by extracting a set of (subject, relation, object) tuples. OpenI... | 0 |
Visual question answering (VQA) has been recently introduced as a grand challenge for AI. Given an image and a free-form question about it, the VQA task is to produce an accurate natural language answer. VQA has many applications, such as image retrieval and search. This paper proposes a new neural network architecture... | 0 |
In light of the explosion in the number of available documents, fast and accurate searching for plagiarism is becoming more needed. Identification of identical and similar documents is becoming very important.Plagiarism is the use of the language and thoughts of another work and the representation of them as one's own ... | 0 |
Supervised NLP systems suffer from a fundamental data bottleneck problem: though unprecedented amounts of data and the computational power necessary for its processing have become available, supervised training requires data that has been annotated for a specific task. The process of annotation in turn requires human t... | 0 |
The quality of machine translation has improved to the level that the translation hypotheses are useful starting points for human translators for almost any language pair. In the post-editing task, the ultimate way to evaluate the machine translation quality is to measure the editing time. Editing times are naturally r... | 0 |
The European Language Resource Infrastructure project 1 (ELRI) is an initiative funded within the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) Programme 2 , which started in October 2017 and ended in September 2019. 3 Its main goal has been the development of an infrastructure to help collect, process and share language resources ... | 0 |
As the variety of users accessing the common resources on the World Wide Web, the importance of multimedia and multilingual information presentation technology has increased. Machine translation technology is essential for multilingual presentations, and many researchers pursue language independent structures i.e. Rass... | 0 |
Multimodal dialogue systems with inbuilt simulated 'intelligence' have huge potential in language learning/teaching environments. In the context of the many minority/endangered languages, such as Irish (Gaelic), these systems could make even more of an impact. Major difficulties exist for language learners related to t... | 0 |
Multilingual information exchange is rapidly increasing on the Internet. A substantial part of this multilingualization is carried out by volunteers (engaged in the translation of documents, articles, reports, etc. as well as the translation/localization of computer software). Many online translation communities are fo... | 0 |
Yiddish, in spite of the long tradition of scholarship, can be counted nowadays among languages with an uncertain future. This is -among others -due to its dispersed status and low number of speakers. Ethnologue 1 reported no more than 1.5 mil. speakers of Eastern Yiddish worldwide in 1991 (with some 600,000 speakers i... | 0 |
Heading or title is a phrase that either represents an oeuvre or demarcates a text into chapters, sections etc. It serves as a milestone that helps readers find their way through a long text. Its appearance is governed by style guides. For example, AER 1 mandates that the title of a section begins with roman numerals a... | 0 |
Tutorial dialogue systems face the unique problem that users (students) often do not know the answers to questions asked by the system and may produce wrong answers that are not in the system's domain model. Because of these difficulties, current tutorial dialogue systems are largely system-initiative; only the system ... | 0 |
Even moderately long documents typically address sew~ral topics or different aspects of the same topic. The aim of linear text segmentation is to discover the topic boundaries. The uses of this procedure include information retrieval (Hearst and Plaunt, 1993; Hearst, 1994; Yaari, 1997; Reynar, 1999) , summarization (Re... | 0 |
Over the last few years, several automatic metrics for machine translation (MT) evaluation have been introduced, largely to reduce the human cost of iterative system evaluation during the development cycle (Papineni et al., 2002; Melamed et al., 2003) . All are predicated on the concept of n-gram matching between the s... | 0 |
Emotions are central to human experience, creativity and behavior. Models of affect and emotion, both in psychology and natural language processing, commonly operate on predefined categories, designated either by continuous scales of, e.g., Valence, Arousal and Dominance (Mohammad, 2016) or discrete emotion labels (whi... | 0 |
In this paper we present the problems founded when extending the free rule-based machine translation (RBMT) system Matxin (Mayor, 2007; Alegria et al., 2007) to work with new language pairs and present the possible solutions.Matxin is the first publicly available machine translation (MT) system for translating into Bas... | 0 |
The Tatoeba translation challenge includes shuffled training data taken from OPUS, 1 an open collection of parallel corpora (Tiedemann, 2012) , and test data from Tatoeba, 2 a crowd-sourced collection of user-provided translations in a large number of languages. All data sets are labeled with ISO-639-3 language codes u... | 0 |
Fact checking has become an increasingly important tool to combat misinformation. Indeed the study of automated fact checking in NLP (Vlachos and Riedel, 2014) , in particular, has yielded a number of valuable insights in recent times. These include task formulations such as matching for discovering already fact-checke... | 0 |
Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that affects roughly 1% of the US population (NIMH, 2019) and is reportedly one of the 25 top causes of disability around the world (Vos et al., 2015) . Symptoms of the disorder are categorized as positive symptoms (e.g., delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking) or neg... | 0 |
Social Media platforms have become an intrinsic part of the lives of lots of people. A phenomenon that accompanies Social Media platforms, with serious impacts on society, is the presence of socially unacceptable language. Socially unacceptable language is to be regarded as a generic umbrella term comprehending many di... | 0 |
Semantic role labeling -the task of automatically identifying and labeling the semantic roles conveyed by sentential constituents -has enjoyed renewed interest in the last few years thanks to the popularity of neural network models and their ability to learn continuous representations which forego the need for extensiv... | 0 |
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its usual precursor, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), are prevalent neurodegerative conditions that inhibit cognitive abilities. Cognitive impairments are traditionally diagnosed only with standard clinical tests like MoCA (Nasreddine et al., 2005) and the Rey-Auditory Verbal learning Test ... | 0 |
Sentiment classification is a task to predict a sentiment label, such as positive/negative, for a given text and has been applied to many domains such as movie/product reviews, customer surveys, news comments, and social media. A common problem of this task is the lack of labeled training data due to costly annotation ... | 0 |
Generating human-like texts has always been a fundamental problem in the natural language processing field, which is essential to many applications such as machine translation (Bahdanau et al., 2015) , image captioning (Fang et al., 2015) , and dialogue systems (Reschke et al., 2013) . Currently, the dominant approache... | 0 |
Identification of usage expressions -phrases or sentence snippets describing product use in reviews -is an important problem in mining consumer product reviews. Identifying such usage expressions accurately allows us to view the relationship between consumers and products more clearly (e.g., by indicating how frequentl... | 0 |
Lau et al. (2014) show that human acceptability judgments are graded rather than binary. It is not entirely obvious what determines sentence acceptability for speakers and listeners. However, syntactic structure and semantic content are clearly central to acceptability judgments. In fact, as Lau et al. (2015 Lau et al.... | 0 |
In the past decade structured classification has seen much interest by the machine learning community. After the introduction of conditional random fields (CRFs) (Lafferty et al., 2001) , and maximum margin Markov networks (Taskar et al., 2003) , which are batch algorithms, new online method were introduced. For exampl... | 0 |
SemEval-2021 Task 2 is a multilingual and crosslingual word-in-context disambiguation task (MCL-WiC) for five different languages (Martelli et al., 2021) . 1 Each example in the multilingual subtask consists of two sentences in English, Russian, French, Arabic, or Chinese language containing occurrences of the same tar... | 0 |
The language models used by natural language analyzers are traditionally based on two approaches. In the linguistic approach, the model is based on hand-crafted rules derived from the linguist's general and/or corpus-based knowledge about the object language. In the data-driven approach, the model is automatically gene... | 0 |
The Internet's ever-increasing size has made it easy to find instructional texts such as articles in wik-iHow 1 , on almost any topic or activity. Regular revisions of these how-to manuals are necessary to ensure that instructions communicate the procedures required to attain a certain goal precisely. This shared task ... | 0 |
Dependency parsers are important components in many NLP systems, such as language understanding, semantic role labeling and relation extraction (Marcheggiani and Titov, 2017; . Universal Dependencies (UD) (Nivre et al., 2020; Zeman et al., 2018) are becoming a widely accepted standard among many NLP practitioners for d... | 0 |
Modeling annotator bias in conditions where each data point is annotated by multiple annotators, below referred to as multi-labeled crowdsourcing, has been investigated thoroughly. However, bias modeling when every data point is annotated by only one person, hereafter called singly labeled crowdsourcing, poses a rather... | 0 |
Spoken conversation summarization is an important task, since speech is the primary medium of human-human communication. Vast amounts of spoken conversation data are produced daily in call-centers. Due to this overwhelming number of conversations, call-centers can only evaluate a small percentage of the incoming calls ... | 0 |
This paper tries to give an overview of the state of EUROTRA development at the beginning of 1985. The system is under development in the sense that the project is now an official project of the European community, much basic preliminary work has been done, and work in the Member States has started. However, as will be... | 0 |
The goal of the Quantitative Kidney DataBase (QKDB) project, as described on the web site 1 , is to make kidney-related physiological data easily available to the scientific community. The emphasis is on experimental results relevant to quantitative renal physiology, with a particular focus on data relevant for evaluat... | 0 |
Recent research in psycholinguistics has seen a growing interest in the role of prediction in sentence processing. Prediction refers to the fact that the human sentence processor is able to anticipate upcoming material, and that processing is facilitated when predictions turn out to be correct (evidenced, e.g., by shor... | 0 |
As the amount of on-line text grows at an exponential rate, developing useful text analysis techniques and tools to access information content from various electronic sources is becoming increasingly important. In this paper we present an applied research prototype system that intends to accomplish two major tasks. Fir... | 0 |
The task of dependency parsing is to identify the lexical head of each of the tokens in a string. Modern statistical parsers (McDonald et al., 2005; Nivre et al., 2007; Huang and Sagae, 2010; Zhang and Nivre, 2011) treat all the tokens equally, assigning lexical heads to punctuations as well as words. Punctuations argu... | 0 |
During the COVID-19 pandemic, society was brought to a standstill, affecting many aspects of our daily lives. With increased travel due to globalization, it is intuitive that countries have followed earlier affected regions in outbreaks and measures to contain to them (Cuffe and Jeavans, 2020) .A unique form of informa... | 0 |
A well-known problem of statistical machine translation (SMT) (Brown et al., 1993) is that the data-driven system is not guaranteed to perform optimally if the data for training and testing are not identically distributed. Domain adaptation for SMT has been explored at different component levels: word level, phrase lev... | 0 |
Neural machine translation achieved great success recently (Kalchbrenner and Blunsom, 2013; Sutskever et al., 2014; Bahdanau et al., 2015) . Thanks to the end-to-end training paradigm and the powerful modeling capacity of neural network, NMT can produce comparable or even better results than traditional statistical mac... | 0 |
The 2016 DSL shared task objective was to correctly identify the different variations of similar languages (Malmasi et al., 2016) . DSL2016 covered two main subtasks:• Task 1: discriminating between similar languages from the same language family and between national language varieties. Covered languages and varieties ... | 0 |
Representation learning has been pivotal in many success stories of modern days NLP. Observing its success, two fundamental questions arise: How is the information encoded in them? and What is encoded in them? While the latter has received a lot of attention by designing probing tasks, the former has been vastly neglec... | 0 |
Neural Machine Translation (NMT) (Bahdanau et al., 2015; Sutskever et al., 2014) has recently established itself as a new state-of-the art in machine translation. We present Nematus 1 , a new toolkit for Neural Machine Translation.Nematus has its roots in the dl4mt-tutorial. 2 We found the codebase of the tutorial to b... | 0 |
This paper describes the two joint component models of the Swat-HK systems entered into four of the word sense disambiguation lexical sample tasks in Senseval-3: Basque, Catalan, Italian and Romanian, as well as a combination model for each language. The feature engineering (and construction of three other component mo... | 0 |
Jam is an artificial intelligence supervised by humans answering to questions of young French people (18-30 years old) on activities to do during their spare time (sport, movies, restaurant, travel…). Adapted to French, the AI classifies the user messages sent by text message among a list of needs. Each need is associa... | 0 |
The Verbmobil system is a machine translation system for German, English and Japanese dialogues. The szenario is a special sort of task-oriented dialogues: appointment scheduling' .Spoken language encodes references to the social relation of the dialogue partners. The utterances can express social distance between addr... | 0 |
The Helping Our Own (HOO) Shared Task aims to promote the development of automated tools and techniques that can assist authors in the writing task. The task focusses specifically on writing within the natural language processing community, on the grounds that content matter familiar to Shared Task participants will be... | 0 |
The Patronizing and Condescending Language Detection Task (Pérez-Almendros et al., 2022) is based on the paper Don't Patronize Me! (P'erez-Almendros et al., 2020), which is an annotated Dataset with Patronizing and Condescending Language Towards Vulnerable Communities. The aim of this task is to identify PCL, and to ca... | 0 |
The rapid growth of social media has created fertile soil for the emergence and fast spread of fake news (Zhao et al., 2015) , resulting in serious consequences. For example, during the U.S. 2016 presidential election, the most popular fake news was more widely spread than the most popular authentic news on Facebook, w... | 0 |
Treebanks have been a major source for the advancement of many tools in the NLP pipeline from sentence alignment to dependency parsers to an end product, which is often machine translation. While useful for machine learning as well and linguistic analysis, these treebanks typically only exist for a handful of resource-... | 0 |
Learning in the context of multiple languages simultaneously has been shown to be beneficial to a number of NLP tasks from morphological analysis to syntactic parsing (Kuhn, 2004; Snyder and Barzilay, 2010; McDonald et al., 2011) . The goal of this work is to show that parallel data is useful in unsupervised induction ... | 0 |
Multilingual Natural Language Processing lacks techniques to automatically compare and contrast the meaning of words across languages. Machine translation (Koehn, 2010) lets us discover translation correspondences in bilingual texts, but a word and its translation often do not cover the exact same semantic space: disti... | 0 |
In any field, understanding the scope of the field as well as finding materials relevant to a particular project paradoxically gets more difficult as the field gets larger. This is even more difficult in a field such as Bio-Medical NLP, since it is at the crossroads of multiple disciplines. The drawbacks of keyword sea... | 0 |
Data selection uses a small set of domain-relevant data to select additional training items from a much larger, out-of-domain dataset. Its goal is to filter Big Data down to Good Data: finding the best, most relevant data to use to train a model for a particular task.The prevalent data selection method, crossentropy di... | 0 |
A document summary can be regarded as domainspecific or general-purpose, using the specificity as classification criterion (Hovy and Lin, 1998) . We can, also, look at this criterion from language angle: language-specific or language-independent summarization. Language-independent systems can handle more than one langu... | 0 |
Ce travail de thèse part d'une réflexion sur le problème de la désambiguïsation lexicale, problème fondamental dans le domaine de la linguistique computationnelle (Ide & Véronis, 1998) . Le traitement de la polysémie étant particulièrement délicat, on constate malheureusement qu'à l'inverse des systèmes d'étiquetage mo... | 0 |
Natural language affords a convenient choice for delivering instructions to robots, as it offers flexibility, familiarity, and does not require users to have knowledge of low-level programming. In the context of grounding natural language instructions to tasks, human-robot instructions can be interpreted as either high... | 0 |
BabelDr 1 is a joint project between the Faculty of Translation and Interpreting of the University of Geneva and Geneva University Hospitals (HUG) (Bouillon et al., 2017; Boujon et al., 2017) .The aim of the project is to build a speech to speech translation system for emergency settings which meets three criteria: rel... | 0 |
A syntactic dependency tree is projective if the yield of each node is a substring of the sentence-or equivalently, if no dependencies cross when drawn above the words. 1 Projectivity is advantageous for efficient parsing: Exact inference for parsing models restricted to projective trees can be achieved in cubic time (... | 0 |
Cyberbullying has been defined as an aggressive and intentional act repeatedly carried out using electronic means against a victim that cannot easily defend him or herself (Smith et al., 2008) . Online abuse by contrast can refer to a wide range of behaviours that may be considered offensive by the parties to which it ... | 0 |
These past years have seen the rise of computational methods to detect, track, qualify, and quantify how a word's sense -or senses -change over time. These tasks are critical challenges that are relevant to a range of NLP fields, including the study of historical semantic change. The successful outcome of semantic chan... | 0 |
Many Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems are based on supervised learning approaches relying on large amounts of manually annotated training data collected by domain experts. Such annotation process is highly expensive both in terms of money and time. However, the absence of manually annotated Language Resources ... | 0 |
Speech synthesis is used in various applications such as smart speakers and robots, and situations such as announcements in public transportation and voice-overs of videos. A widely-studied speech synthesis is DNN-based one (Zen et al., 2013) in which the relationship between a text and an acoustic feature sequence is ... | 0 |
Commercial search engines are providing everricher experiences around entities. Querying for a dish on Google yields recipe filters such as cook time, calories, and ingredients. Querying for a movie on Yahoo triggers user ratings, cast, tweets and showtimes. Bing further allows the movie to be directly added to the use... | 0 |
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