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Grâce aux avancées scientifiques et technologiques de ces dernières années, les systèmes de Reconnaissance Automatique de la Parole (RAP), qui permettent de transcrire de la parole en texte, sont maintenant utilisés dans de nombreuses applications liées au Traitement Automatique du Langage (TAL). Les systèmes de RAP on... | 0 |
Generative language models produce likely text based on a context of other text. This process has a surprising number of useful applications, one of which is answering questions about a text passage. By training on text that contains (among other data) passages followed by questions and answers about the passage, and c... | 0 |
Chinese characters are used both in Japanese and Chinese. In Japanese the Chinese characters are called Kanji, while in Chinese they are called Hanzi. Hanzi can be divided into two groups, Simplified Chinese (used in mainland China and Singapore) and Traditional Chinese (used in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao). The number... | 0 |
The goal of this paper is to provide a basic account of conditional yes/no responses (CRs): We describe the conditions under which CRs are appropriate, and how these conditions translate into a uniform approach to understanding and producing CRs. 1 We focus on information-seeking dialogues between a human user and a di... | 0 |
Dependency parsers are major components of a large number of NLP applications. As application models are applied to constantly growing amounts of data, efficiency becomes a major consideration.In graph-based dependency parsing models (Eisner, 2000; McDonald et al., 2005a; McDonald et al., 2005b; Carreras, 2007; Koo and... | 0 |
Les forums permettent à leurs participants de poser des questions et d'interagir avec les autres pour obtenir des réponses pertinentes. La popularité des forums montre la capacité de ce type d'interactions à produire des réponses pertinentes aux questions. Leur popularité est telle que le premier réflexe d'un internaut... | 0 |
It is generally believed that a generation system can be modularized into a sequence of components, the first one making the "high level" decisions (i.e. the conceptual decisions), the following ones making the linguistic decisions (e.g. lexical and syntactic construction choices), the penultimate, one performing the "... | 0 |
Transformer-based neural summarization models (Liu and Lapata, 2019; Stiennon et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2020b; Desai et al., 2020) , especially pretrained abstractive models like BART (Lewis et al., 2020) and PEGASUS (Zhang et al., 2020) , have made great strides in recent years. These models demonstrate exciting new ca... | 0 |
Recent deep neural network successes rekindled classic debates on their natural language processing abilities (e.g., Kirov and Cotterell, 2018; Mc-Coy et al., 2018; Pater, 2018) . and Loula et al. (2018) proposed the SCAN challenge to directly assess the ability of sequence-to-sequence networks to perform systematic, c... | 0 |
Metaphors are one kind of figurative language that use conceptual mapping to represent one thing (target domain) as another (source domain). As proposed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) in Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), metaphor is not only a property of the language but also a cognitive mechanism that describes our con... | 0 |
A revolution in the way tasks can be completed occurred when it was proposed to take a job traditionally performed by a designated employee and outsource it to an undefined large group of Internet users. This approach, called crowdsourcing (Howe, 2008) , changed traditional thinking behind methods for language resource... | 0 |
Developing machine translation models without using bilingual parallel text is an intriguing research problem with real applications: obtaining a large volume of parallel text for many languages is hard if not impossible. Moreover, translation models could be used in downstream cross-lingual tasks in which annotated da... | 0 |
The output of an NLU component is called a semantic or dialog frame (Hakkani-Tür et al., 2016) . The frame consists of intents which capture information about the goal of the user and slot-labels which capture constraints that need to be satisfied in order to fulfill the users' request. For example, in Figure 1 , the i... | 0 |
A recent study commissioned by the World Economic Forum projected that mental disorders will be the single largest health cost, with global costs increasing to $6 trillion annually by 2030 (Bloom et al., 2011) . Since mental health impacts the risk for chronic, non-communicable diseases, in a sense there is "no health ... | 0 |
We are developing the Spoken Language Tl~ANSlation system (SL-TRANS) [1] , in which both speech recognition processing and natural language processing arc integrated. Currently we are studying automatic speech translation from Japanese into English in the domain of dialogues with the re ception service of an internatio... | 0 |
Language, and therefore data derived from language, changes over time (Ullmann, 1962) . Word senses can shift over long periods of time (Wilkins, 1993; Wijaya and Yeniterzi, 2011; Hamilton et al., 2016) , and written language can change rapidly in online platforms (Eisenstein et al., 2014; Goel et al., 2016) . However,... | 0 |
Treebank-based statistical parsers tend to achieve greater coverage and robustness compared to approaches using handcrafted grammars. However, they are criticised for being too shallow to mark important syntactic and semantic dependencies needed for meaning-sensitive applications (Kaplan, 2004) . To treat this deficien... | 0 |
In psycholinguistics, priming refers to the fact that speakers prefer to reuse recently encountered linguistic material. Priming effects typically manifest themselves in shorter processing times or higher usage frequencies for reused material compared to non-reused material. These effects are attested both in language ... | 0 |
Name entity recognition is an important subtask in natural language processing (NLP). The results of recognition and classification of proper nouns in a text document are widely used in information retrieval, information extraction, machine translation, question answering and automatic summarization (Nadeau and Sekine.... | 0 |
In this paper, we describe the system that we develop as part of our participation in the Workshop on Asian Translation (WAT) 2016 (Nakazawa et al., 2016) for English-Hindi language pair. This year English-Hindi language pair is adopted for translation task for the first time in WAT. Apart from that, the said language ... | 0 |
In this age of growing e-commerce markets, reviews are taken very seriously, however, manually writing these reviews has become an extremely laborious task. This leads us to work on systems which can automatically generate realistic looking reviews which can be automatically customized to the user writing it, the produ... | 0 |
The role of inference as it relates to natural language (NL) semantics has oft been neglected. Recently, there has been a move away by some NL semanticists from the heavy machinery of, say, Montagovian-style semantics to a more proof-based approach. This represents a belief that the notion of derivability plays as cent... | 0 |
Mathematical symbols and descriptions appear in various forms across document section boundaries without explicit markups, and mathematical symbols appear in the form of long texts. Thus, linking mathematical symbols and their descriptions is challenging.SemEval 2022 task 12: 'linking mathematical symbols to their desc... | 0 |
In this article, we propose a Word Sense Induction (WSI) task to capture the sense alternation of English dot types, as found in context. Dot type is the Generative Lexicon (GL) term to account for a noun that can denote at least two senses as a complex semantic class (Pustejovsky, 1995) . Consider the noun England in ... | 0 |
Puns represent a broad class of humorous word play. This paper focuses on two types of puns, homographic and heterographic.A homographic pun is characterized by an oscillation between two senses of a single word, each of which leads to a different but valid interpretation: I'd like to tell you a chemistry joke but I'm ... | 0 |
All NLP models utilise a loss function as minimisation objective for model training. Choosing the most appropriate loss function for a particular task can play an important role in the performance of the trained models at test time and in-field. However, almost invariably the utilised loss function is the negative log-... | 0 |
Dependency-based syntactic parsing has become a widely used technique in natural language processing, and many different parsing models have been proposed in recent years (Yamada and Matsumoto, 2003; Nivre et al., 2004; McDonald et al., 2005a; Titov and Henderson, 2007; Martins et al., 2009) . One of the unresolved iss... | 0 |
Data-driven statistical spoken dialogue systems (SDS) (Lemon and Pietquin, 2012; Young et al., 2013) are a promising approach for realizing spoken dialogue interaction between humans and machines. Up until now, these systems have successfully been applied to single-or multi-domain taskoriented dialogues Lison, 2011; Wa... | 0 |
To deal with automatic construction of translation lexicons, conventional research on machine translation (MT) [3] and cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) [1, 5, 7, 10, 13, 18] has generally used statistical techniques to automatically extract word translations from domain-specific parallel/comparable bilingual... | 0 |
System combination aims to improve the translation quality by combining the outputs from multiple individual MT systems. The state-of-the-art system combination methodologies can be roughly categorized as follows (Karakos et al., 2010) :1. Confusion network based: confusion network is a form of lattice with the constra... | 0 |
Argumentation mining is a relatively new and active area of research in the natural language processing (NLP) community, focusing on extracting argument components (e.g., claims, premises) and determining the relationships (e.g., support, attack) between them. Recently, researchers have begun work on modeling an intrig... | 0 |
Reduplication is known to many computational morphologists as the remaining problem. Unlike concatenative morphology, which involves concatenation of different components to create a word, reduplication involves copying. Reduplication is therefore non-concatenative, and involves copying of either the whole word or part... | 0 |
Following the success of monolingual word embeddings (Collobert et al., 2011) , a number of studies have recently explored multilingual word embeddings. The goal is to learn word vectors such that similar words have similar vector representations regardless of their language (Zou et al., 2013; Upadhyay et al., 2016) . ... | 0 |
Natural language processing systems are imperfect. Decades of research have yielded analyzers that mis-identify named entities, mis-attach syntactic relations, and mis-recognize noun phrase coreference anywhere from 10-40% of the time. But these systems are accurate enough so that their outputs can be used as soft, if ... | 0 |
Human judgments of translation quality play a vital role in the development of effective machine translation (MT) systems. Such judgments can be used to measure system quality in evaluations and to tune automatic metrics such as METEOR (Banerjee and Lavie, 2005) which act as stand-ins for human evaluators. However, col... | 0 |
Many tasks in natural language processing involve functions that assign scores-such as logprobabilities-to candidate strings or sequences. Often such a function can be represented compactly as a weighted finite state automaton (WFSA). Finding the best-scoring string according to a WFSA is straightforward using standard... | 0 |
The Prepositional Phrase (PP) attachment problem (Ratnaparkhi et al., 1994 ) is a classic ambiguity problem and is one of the main sources of errors for syntactic parsers (Kummerfeld et al., 2012) .Consider the examples in Figure 1 . For the first case, the correct attachment is the prepositional phrase attaching to th... | 0 |
Voice-driven interactions with computing devices are becoming increasingly prevalent. Amazon's Alexa, Apple's Siri, Microsoft's Cortana, and the Google Assistant are prominent examples. Google observed that mobile devices surpassed traditional computers in terms of search traffic (Sterling, 2015) , and that 20% of mobi... | 0 |
Recently, sentiment analysis has attracted a lot of attention from researchers. Most previous work attempted to detect overall sentiment polarity on a text span, such as document, paragraph and sentence. Since sentiments expressed in text always adhere to objects, it is much meaningful to identify the sentiment target ... | 0 |
Despite the recent advances in machine translation (MT) technology, MT systems are not able to provide ready-to-use translations in those contexts where translation accuracy is critical, such as medical or political applications, or even in contexts where correctness is demanded, such as hardware manuals or news texts.... | 0 |
The probability of accurate information transmission is dependent on the perceptibility of difference between differently signifying forms, that is, contrast. The possible mechanisms by which contrast arises and is preserved in lexical forms, on the other hand, have been less clear. Many grammatical theories of the las... | 0 |
Recently, document translation (or document-level translation) has received a growing interest in the fields of both human translation and Machine Translation (MT). For example, with the increasing demand in cross-lingual patent retrieval and filing patent applications in foreign countries, patent document translation ... | 0 |
One of the core communicative functions of language is to modulate and reproduce social dynamics, such as friendship, familiarity, formality, and power (Hymes, 1972) . However, large-scale empirical work on understanding this communicative function has been stymied by a lack of labeled data: it is not clear what to ann... | 0 |
This paper describes a schema that enriches Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) (Banarescu et al., 2013) to support Natural Language Understanding (NLU) in humanrobot dialogue systems. AMR is a formalism for sentence semantics that abstracts away many syntactic idiosyncrasies and represents sentences with rooted dire... | 0 |
Focusing subjuncts such as only, even, and also are a subclass of the sentence-element class of adverbials (Quirk et al., 1985) . They draw attention to a part of a sentence the focus of the focusing subjunct--which often represents 'new' information. Focusing subjuncts are usually realized by adverbs, but occasionally... | 0 |
More than one in three women and one in four men in the United States have experienced rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner (Black et al., 2011) . One in nine girls and one in 53 boys under the age of eighteen are sexually abused by an adult (Finkelhor et al., 2014) . Additionally, approximat... | 0 |
This paper describes an approach for sharing resources in various grammar formalisms such as Feature-Based Lexicalized Tree Adjoin-ing Grammar (FB-LTAG 1 ) (Vijay-Shanker, 1987; Vijay-Shanker and Joshi, 1988) and Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) (Pollard and Sag, 1994 ) by a method of grammar conversion. The... | 0 |
Crises and disasters frequently attract international attention to regions of the world that have previously been largely ignored by the international community. While it is possible to stock up on emergency relief supplies and, for the worst case, weapons, regardless of where exactly they are eventually going to be us... | 0 |
Despite recent motivation to utilize NLP for wider range of real world applications, most NLP papers, tasks and pipelines assume raw, clean texts. However, many texts we encounter in the wild, including a vast majority of legal documents (e.g., contracts and legal codes), are not so clean, with many of them being visua... | 0 |
Machine comprehension of text is the central goal in NLP. The academic community has proposed a variety of tasks, such as information extraction (Sarawagi, 2008) , semantic parsing (Mooney, 2007) and textual entailment (Androutsopoulos and Malakasiotis, 2010). However, these tasks assess performance on each task indivi... | 0 |
Prosody refers to intonation, rhythm and lexical stress patterns of spoken language that convey linguistic and paralinguistic information such as emphasis, intent, attitude and emotion of a speaker. Prosodic information associated with a unit of speech, say, syllable, word, phrase or clause, influence all the segments ... | 0 |
Polarity shifters are content words that exhibit semantic properties similar to negation. For example, the negated statement in (1) can also be achieved by the verbal shifter fail instead of the negation not, as shown in (2).(1) Peter did not pass the exam.(2) Peter failed shifter to pass the exam.As with negation word... | 0 |
Antonymy is one of the fundamental relations shaping the organization of the semantic lexicon and its identification is very challenging for computational models (Mohammad et al., 2008; Deese, 1965; Deese, 1964 ). Yet, antonymy is essential for many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications, such as Information Re... | 0 |
A dialogue state tracker is a core component in most of today's spoken dialogue systems (SDS). The goal of dialogue state tracking (DST) is to monitor the user's intentional states during the course of the conversation, and provide a compact representation, often called the dialogue states, for the dialogue manager (DM... | 0 |
Sentence similarity computation plays an important role in text summarization and social network applications (Erkan et al., 2004; Jin et al., 2011) . The SemEval 2012 competition initiated a task targeted at Semantic Textual Similarity (STS) between sentence pairs (Agirre et al., 2012) . Given a set of sentence pairs,... | 0 |
The dissemination of statistical machine translation (SMT) systems in the professional translation industry is still limited by the lack of reliability of SMT outputs, the quality of which varies to a great extent. In this context, a critical piece of information would be for MT systems to assess their output translati... | 0 |
Automatic summarization tasks are often addressed with statistical methods: a first type of approach, introduced by Kupiec et al.(1995) , involves using a set of features of different types to describe sentences, and supervised learning algorithms to learn an empirical model of how those features interact to identify i... | 0 |
To date we have relied on the basic computing architecture as laid out by Alan Turing during the late 1940s. Little in essence has changed concerning the basic framework, encompassing a CPU, processing instructions and volatile and non-volatile memory stores. It has served us quite well and we can all see the benefits ... | 0 |
Emotion analysis as well as recommendation technology has drawn a lot attention in the natural language processing research community. The development of fundamental approaches as well as applications has been proposed (Das, 2011; Sarwar et al., 2001; Zheng et al., 2010) . However, most of them were Internet applicatio... | 0 |
In the last decade, there has been substantial growth in the area of digital psychiatry. Automated methods using natural language processing have been able to detect mental health disorders based on a person's language in a variety of data types, such as social media (Mowery et al., 2016; Morales et al., 2017) , speech... | 0 |
Recent research into the nature of morphology has demonstrated the feasibility of several approaches to the definition of a language's inflectional system. Central to these approaches is the notion of an inflectional paradigm. In general terms, the inflectional paradigm of a lexeme L can be regarded as a set of cells, ... | 0 |
Sign language recognition (SLR) is a complex problem. Sign languages are, after all, complex visual languages. Generally, one can say that sign languages have five parameters. A sign is distinguished by hand shape, hand orientation, movement, location, and non-manual components such as mouth shape and eyebrow shape. Ho... | 0 |
In the last twenty years, experiments in Artificial Language Learning (ALL) have become increasingly popular for the study of the basic mechanisms that operate when subjects are exposed to language-like stimuli. Thanks to these experiments, we know that 8 month old infants can segment a speech stream by extracting stat... | 0 |
JANUS is a multi-lingual speech-to-speech translation system designed to facilitate communication between two parties engaged in a spontaneous conversation in a limited domain. In this paper we describe the current design and performance of the machine translation module of our system. The analysis of spontaneous speec... | 0 |
Personality describes characteristics which are central to human behaviour, and has implications for social interactions: It can affect performance on collaborative processes, and can increase engagement when incorporated within virtual agents (Hernault et al., 2008) . In addition, personality has also been shown to in... | 0 |
Both language modeling (Wu and Khudanpur, 2003; Mikolov et al., 2010; Bengio et al., 2003) and text generation (Axelrod et al., 2011) boil down to modeling the conditional probability of a word given the proceeding words. Previously, it is mostly done through purely memory-based approaches, such as n-grams, which canno... | 0 |
As noted in for instance Richards and Underwood (1985) , Jönsson and Dahlbäck (1988) and Wooffitt et al. (1997) , people tend to behave differently when interacting with a machine as opposed to a human being. These differences are found in various aspects of the dialog, such as the type of request formulation, the freq... | 0 |
Many complex speech and natural language processing (NLP) pipelines such as Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) systems store alternative hypotheses produced at various stages of processing as weighted acyclic automata, also known as lattices. Each lattice stores a large number ... | 0 |
Fine-grained propaganda detection is a new approach to tackling online misinformation, highlighting instances of propaganda techniques on the word level. These techniques are used in textual communication in order to encourage certain beliefs, but instead of straightforward presentation of arguments, they rely on psych... | 0 |
As an important fine-grained subtask in the field of sentiment analysis, Aspect-Based Sentiment Classification (ABSC) aims to detect the sentiment polarities of aspect terms mentioned in a review sentence. For example, in Table 1 , given the aspect term food, it is expected to identify its corresponding sentiment polar... | 0 |
Sensorial information interpenetrates languages with various semantic roles in different levels since the main interaction instrument of humans with the outside world is the sensory organs. The transformation of the raw sensations that we receive through the sensory organs into our understanding of the world has been a... | 0 |
Predicate-argument structure (PAS) analysis is the task to identify the argument for each case of the target predicate. As it is a fundamental analysis for various natural language processing (NLP) applications, the PAS analysis has been one of the most active research areas in NLP. In discourse-oriented languages like... | 0 |
Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a key component of Natural Language Processing (NLP) assigned to identify regions of text that contain references to entities. It is the process of identifying the informative part of data or applicable labels from unstructured data. In NER, data is gathered from unstructured data such... | 0 |
Bilingual Dictionary Induction is the task of inducing word translations from monolingual corpora in different languages. It has been studied extensively as it is one of the main tasks used for evaluating the quality of BWE models (Mikolov et al., 2013b; Vulic and Korhonen, 2016) . It is also important for downstream t... | 0 |
Linear context-free rewriting systems (LCFRS) (Vijay-Shanker et al., 1987) , the equivalent multiple context-free grammars (MCFG) (Seki et al., 1991) and simple range concatenation grammars (sRCG) (Boullier, 1998) have recently attracted an increasing interest in the context of natural language processing. For example,... | 0 |
« Qui dit quoi sur qui (quoi) et de quelle manière ? » L'intérêt pour cette question, et plus largement les informations de type attribution, n'est pas nouveau et l'on constate même un certain regain depuis quelques années avec les travaux cherchant à mesurer la subjectivité (opinion, sentiment, émotion) engagée dans l... | 0 |
Information Extraction (IE) is the task of identifying information in texts and converting it into a predefined format. The possible types of information include entities, relations or events. In this paper, we follow the IE tasks as defined by the conferences MUC4, MUC6 and ACE RDC: slotbased extraction, template fill... | 0 |
The rhetorical relations that hold between clauses in discourse index temporal and event information and contribute to a discourse's pragmatic coherence (Hobbs, 1985) . For example, in (1) the NARRATION relation holds between (1a) and (1b) as (1b) temporally follows (1a) at event time.(1) a. Pascale closed the toy ches... | 0 |
Nowadays emoji are widespread throughout mobile and web communication both in private conversations and public contexts such as blog entries or comments. In 2015, the Oxford Dictionary declared the emoji Face with tears of joy "Word of the year", and since then the academic interest towards the topic, as well as the de... | 0 |
As building rich semantic representations of text becomes more feasible, it is important to develop standard representations of logical form that can be used to share data and compare approaches. In this paper, we describe some general characteristics that such a logical form language should have, then present a graphi... | 0 |
Predicting the quality of scientific articles is a novel task in the field of deep learning. There are many indicators of quality such as whether a paper was accepted or rejected, meta-information such as the author's h-index(es), and the number of citations. The number of citations, while not a perfect indicator of qu... | 0 |
In other work, I have shown (EUison 1992, forthcoming) that interesting phonological constraints can be learned despite the presence of exceptions. Each of these constraints imposes a limit the set of possible words at a common level of repre~sentation. In this paper, I consider possible limits to the usefulness of the... | 0 |
Transition-based dependency parsing is perhaps the most successful parsing framework in use today (Nivre, 2008) . This is due to the fact that it can process sentences in linear time (Nivre, 2003) ; is highly accurate (Zhang and Nivre, 2011; Bohnet and Nivre, 2012; ; and has elegant mechanisms for parsing non-projectiv... | 0 |
Topic models, such as Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA) (Hofmann, 2017) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) (Blei et al., 2003) , play significant roles in helping machines interpret text documents. Topic models consider documents as a bag of words. Given the word information, topic models formulate docum... | 0 |
Systems which map natural language query phrases onto database access query statements, (Trost et al., 1987) , (Androutsopoulos et al., 1995) , provide a natural communication environment. Yet this means that they must be able to handle vagueness, incompleteness or even ungrammaticality as these phenomena tend to be as... | 0 |
More than 20 years after it was first published, the three-stage architecture for Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems described by Reiter (1994) is still frequently cited. According to his architecture, most NLG systems of the time consisted of a pipeline with three steps: Content Determination, Sentence Planning... | 0 |
Contextual, or 'data-to-text' natural language generation is one of the core tasks in natural language processing and has a considerable impact on various fields (Gatt and Krahmer, 2017) . Within the field of recommender systems, a promising application is to estimate (or generate) personalized reviews that a user woul... | 0 |
Semantic role labeling (SRL) is the task of labeling the predicate-argument structures of sentences with semantic frames and their roles (Baker et al., 1998; Palmer et al., 2005) . It has been found useful for a wide variety of NLP tasks such as question-answering (Shen and Lapata, 2007) , information extraction (Fader... | 0 |
One of the main challenges faced by speech scientist is the unavailability of the three important resources. The prime and most importantly, speech corpus (Speech Database), pronunciation dictionary and transcription file. Very fewer efforts have been made in Indian languages to make these resources available to public... | 0 |
With the advance of deep learning in text analytics, many benchmarks for text analytics tasks have been significantly improved in the last four years. For this reason, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW) and SpinningBytes AG are collaborating in a joint research project to develop stateof-the-art solutions for... | 0 |
Understanding a story requires understanding sequences of events. It is thus vital to model semantic sequences in text. This modeling process necessitates deep semantic knowledge about what can happen next. Since events involve actions, participants and emotions, semantic knowledge about these aspects must be captured ... | 0 |
In Question Answering the correct answer can be formulated with different but related words than the question. Connecting the words in the question with the words in the candidate answer is not enough to recognize the correct answer. For example the following question from TREC 2004 (Voorhees, 2004) : Q: (boxer Floyd P... | 0 |
Transition-based dependency parsing (Yamada and Matsumoto, 2003; Nivre, 2008) has attracted considerable attention, not only due to its high accuracy but also due to its small running time. The latter is often realized through determinism, i.e. for each configuration a unique next action is chosen. The action may be a ... | 0 |
Neural sequence-to-sequence models excel at learning inflectional paradigms from incomplete input (Table 1 shows an example inflection problem.) These models, originally borrowed from neural machine translation (Bahdanau et al., 2014) , read in a series of input tokens (e.g. characters, words) and output, or translate,... | 0 |
Les voyelles nasales, du fait de leur réalisation articulatoire impliquant le couplage de trois systèmes de résonance, donnent lieu à un signal acoustique riche et complexe. Dans ce cadre, il y a lieu de s'interroger sur la perception de cette classe de phonèmes auprès des personnes atteintes de surdité, dont l'accès à... | 0 |
Word embeddings have enjoyed a surge of popularity in natural language processing (NLP) due to the effectiveness of deep learning and the availability of pretrained, downloadable models for embedding words. Many embedding models have been developed (Collobert et al., 2011; Mikolov et al., 2013; Pennington et al., 2014)... | 0 |
Relation classification focuses on classifying the semantic relations between pairs of marked entities in given sentences (Hendrickx et al., 2010) . It is a fundamental task which can serve as a pre-existing system and provide prior knowledge for information ex-traction, natural language understanding, information retr... | 0 |
Essentially, Chinese is a kind of paratactic language, rather than hypotactic language. This makes it character based, not word based. However, words are the basic linguistic units of natural language. Thus, the identification of lexical words or the delimitation of words in running texts is a prerequisite in Chinese n... | 0 |
Freeform data driven Natural Language Generation (NLG) is a topic explored by academics and artists alike, but motivating its empirical study is a difficult task. While many language models used in statistical NLP are generative and can easily produce sample sentences by running their "generative mode", if all that is ... | 0 |
Constituency is a foundational building block for phrase-structure grammars. It captures the notion of what tokens can group together and act as a single unit. The motivating insight behind this paper is that constituency may be reflected in markups of bracketings that people provide in doing natural tasks. We term the... | 0 |
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