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711.1208
Finite dimensional subspaces of noncommutative $L_p$ spaces
We prove the following noncommutative version of Lewis's classical result. Every n-dimensional subspace E of Lp(M) (1<p<\infty) for a von Neumann algebra M satisfies d_{cb}(E, RC^n_{p'}) \leq c_p n^{\abs{1/2-1/p}} for some constant c_p depending only on $p$, where $1/p +1/p' =1$ and $RC^n_{p'} = [R_n\cap C_n, R_n+C_n]_{1/p'}$. Moreover, there is a projection $P:Lp(M) --> Lp(M)$ onto E with $\norm{P}_{cb} \leq c_p n^{\abs{1/2-1/p}}.$ We follow the classical change of density argument with appropriate noncommutative variations in addition to the opposite trick.
math.FA math.OA
we prove the following noncommutative version of lewiss classical result every ndimensional subspace e of lpm 1pinfty for a von neumann algebra m satisfies d_cbe rcn_p leq c_p nabs121p for some constant c_p depending only on p where 1p 1p 1 and rcn_p r_ncap c_n r_nc_n_1p moreover there is a projection plpm lpm onto e with normp_cb leq c_p nabs121p we follow the classical change of density argument with appropriate noncommutative variations in addition to the opposite trick
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711.1209
Thermodynamics on the apparent horizon in generalized gravity theories
We present a general procedure to construct the first law of thermodynamics on the apparent horizon and illustrate its validity by examining it in some extended gravity theories. Applying this procedure, we can describe the thermodynamics on the apparent horizon in Randall-Sundrum braneworld imbedded in a nontrivial bulk. We discuss the mass-like function which was used to link Friedmann equation to the first law of thermodynamics and obtain its special case which gives the generalized Misner-Sharp mass in Lovelock gravity.
hep-th
we present a general procedure to construct the first law of thermodynamics on the apparent horizon and illustrate its validity by examining it in some extended gravity theories applying this procedure we can describe the thermodynamics on the apparent horizon in randallsundrum braneworld imbedded in a nontrivial bulk we discuss the masslike function which was used to link friedmann equation to the first law of thermodynamics and obtain its special case which gives the generalized misnersharp mass in lovelock gravity
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711.121
Local Equivalence of Rank-Two Quantum Mixed States
We investigate the equivalence of quantum mixed states under local unitary transformations. For a class of rank-two mixed states, a sufficient and necessary condition of local equivalence is obtained by giving a complete set of invariants under local unitary transformations, such that two states in this class are locally equivalent if and only if all these invariants have equal values for them.
quant-ph
we investigate the equivalence of quantum mixed states under local unitary transformations for a class of ranktwo mixed states a sufficient and necessary condition of local equivalence is obtained by giving a complete set of invariants under local unitary transformations such that two states in this class are locally equivalent if and only if all these invariants have equal values for them
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711.1211
Differential Geometry of Bipartite Quantum States
We investigate the differential geometry of bipartite quantum states. In particular the manifold structures of pure bipartite states are studied in detail. The manifolds with respect to all normalized pure states of arbitrarily given Schmidt ranks or Schmidt coefficients are explicitly presented. The dimensions of the related manifolds are calculated.
quant-ph
we investigate the differential geometry of bipartite quantum states in particular the manifold structures of pure bipartite states are studied in detail the manifolds with respect to all normalized pure states of arbitrarily given schmidt ranks or schmidt coefficients are explicitly presented the dimensions of the related manifolds are calculated
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711.1212
Johnson-Cousins magnitudes of comparison stars in the fields of ten Seyfert galaxies
We present UBVRcIc magnitudes of 49 comparison stars in the fields of the Seyfert galaxies Mrk 335, Mrk 79, Mrk 279, Mrk 506, 3C 382, 3C 390.3, NGC 6814, Mrk 304, Ark 564, and NGC 7469 in order to facilitate the photometric monitoring of these objects; 36 of the stars have not been calibrated before. The comparison stars are situated in 5x5 arcmin fields centred on the Seyfert galaxies, their V band flux ranges from 11.7 to 18.2 mag with a median value of 16.3 mag, and their B-V colour index ranges from 0.4 to 1.6 mag with a median value of 0.8 mag. The median errors of the calibrated UBVRcIc magnitudes are 0.08, 0.04, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.06 mag, respectively. Comparison stars were calibrated for the first time in three of the fields (Mrk 506, 3C 382, and Mrk 304). The comparison sequences in the other fields were improved in various aspects. Extra stars were calibrated in four fields (Mrk 335, Mrk 79, NGC 6814, and NGC 7469) - most of these stars are fainter and are situated closer to the Seyfert galaxies compared to the existing comparison stars. The passband coverage of the sequences in five fields (Mrk 335, Mrk 79, Mrk 279, NGC 6814, and Ark 564) was complemented with U band.
astro-ph
we present ubvrcic magnitudes of 49 comparison stars in the fields of the seyfert galaxies mrk 335 mrk 79 mrk 279 mrk 506 3c 382 3c 3903 ngc 6814 mrk 304 ark 564 and ngc 7469 in order to facilitate the photometric monitoring of these objects 36 of the stars have not been calibrated before the comparison stars are situated in 5x5 arcmin fields centred on the seyfert galaxies their v band flux ranges from 117 to 182 mag with a median value of 163 mag and their bv colour index ranges from 04 to 16 mag with a median value of 08 mag the median errors of the calibrated ubvrcic magnitudes are 008 004 003 004 and 006 mag respectively comparison stars were calibrated for the first time in three of the fields mrk 506 3c 382 and mrk 304 the comparison sequences in the other fields were improved in various aspects extra stars were calibrated in four fields mrk 335 mrk 79 ngc 6814 and ngc 7469 most of these stars are fainter and are situated closer to the seyfert galaxies compared to the existing comparison stars the passband coverage of the sequences in five fields mrk 335 mrk 79 mrk 279 ngc 6814 and ark 564 was complemented with u band
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711.1213
Invariant Linearization Criteria for Systems of Cubically Semi-Linear Second-Order Ordinary Differential Equations
Invariant linearization criteria of square systems of second-order quadratically semi-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that can be represented as geodesic equations are extended to square systems of ODEs cubically nonlinear in the first derivatives. It is shown that there are two branches for the linearization problem via point transformations for an arbitrary system of second-order ODEs. One is when the system is at most cubic in the first derivatives. We solve this branch of the linearization problem by point transformations in the case of a square sytem of two second-order ODEs. Necessary and sufficient conditions for linearization by means of point transformations are given in terms of coefficient functions of the system of two second-order ODEs cubically nonlinear in the first derivatives. A consequence of our geometric approach of projection is a re-derivation of Lie's conditions for a single second-order ODE and sheds light on more recent results on them. In particular, we show here how one can construct point transformations for reduction to the simplest linear equation by going to the higher space and just utilising the coefficients of the original ODE. We also obtain invariant criteria for the reduction of a linear square system to the simplest system. Moreover, these results contain the quadratic case as a special case. Examples are given to illustrate our results.
math.CA
invariant linearization criteria of square systems of secondorder quadratically semilinear ordinary differential equations odes that can be represented as geodesic equations are extended to square systems of odes cubically nonlinear in the first derivatives it is shown that there are two branches for the linearization problem via point transformations for an arbitrary system of secondorder odes one is when the system is at most cubic in the first derivatives we solve this branch of the linearization problem by point transformations in the case of a square sytem of two secondorder odes necessary and sufficient conditions for linearization by means of point transformations are given in terms of coefficient functions of the system of two secondorder odes cubically nonlinear in the first derivatives a consequence of our geometric approach of projection is a rederivation of lies conditions for a single secondorder ode and sheds light on more recent results on them in particular we show here how one can construct point transformations for reduction to the simplest linear equation by going to the higher space and just utilising the coefficients of the original ode we also obtain invariant criteria for the reduction of a linear square system to the simplest system moreover these results contain the quadratic case as a special case examples are given to illustrate our results
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711.1214
Linearizability Criteria for a Class of Third Order Semi-Linear ODEs
Using geometric methods for linearizing systems of second order cubically semi-linear ordinary differential equations, we extend to the third order by differentiating the second order equation. This yields criteria for linearizability of a class of third order semi-linear ordinary differential equations, which is distinct from the classes available in the literature. Some examples are given and discussed.
math.CA
using geometric methods for linearizing systems of second order cubically semilinear ordinary differential equations we extend to the third order by differentiating the second order equation this yields criteria for linearizability of a class of third order semilinear ordinary differential equations which is distinct from the classes available in the literature some examples are given and discussed
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711.1215
Conditional linearizability criteria for a system of third-order ordinary differential equations
We provide linearizability criteria for a class of systems of third-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that is cubically semi-linear in the first derivative, by differentiating a system of second-order quadratically semi-linear ODEs and using the original system to replace the second derivative. The procedure developed splits into two cases, those where the coefficients are constant and those where they are variables. Both cases are discussed and examples given.
math.CA
we provide linearizability criteria for a class of systems of thirdorder ordinary differential equations odes that is cubically semilinear in the first derivative by differentiating a system of secondorder quadratically semilinear odes and using the original system to replace the second derivative the procedure developed splits into two cases those where the coefficients are constant and those where they are variables both cases are discussed and examples given
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711.1216
Pseudospin Soliton in the $\nu=1$ Bilayer Quantum Hall State
We investigate a domain structure of pseudospins, a soliton lattice in the bilayer quantum Hall state at total Landau level filling factor $\nu =1$, in a tilted magnetic field, where the pseudospin represents the layer degree of freedom. An anomalous peak in the magnetoresistance $R_{xx}$ appears at the transition point between the commensurate and incommensurate phases. The $R_{xx}$ at the peak is highly anisotropic for the angle between the in-plain magnetic field $B_\parallel $ and the current, and indicates a formation of the soliton lattice aligned parallel to $B_\parallel $. Temperature dependence of the $R_{xx}$ peak reveals that the dissipation is caused by thermal fluctuations of pseudospin solitons. We construct a phase diagram of the bilayer $\nu =1$ system as a function of $B_\parallel$ and the total electron density. We also study effects of density imbalance between the two layers.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we investigate a domain structure of pseudospins a soliton lattice in the bilayer quantum hall state at total landau level filling factor nu 1 in a tilted magnetic field where the pseudospin represents the layer degree of freedom an anomalous peak in the magnetoresistance r_xx appears at the transition point between the commensurate and incommensurate phases the r_xx at the peak is highly anisotropic for the angle between the inplain magnetic field b_parallel and the current and indicates a formation of the soliton lattice aligned parallel to b_parallel temperature dependence of the r_xx peak reveals that the dissipation is caused by thermal fluctuations of pseudospin solitons we construct a phase diagram of the bilayer nu 1 system as a function of b_parallel and the total electron density we also study effects of density imbalance between the two layers
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711.1217
Constructing a Space from the System of Geodesic Equations
Given a space it is easy to obtain the system of geodesic equations on it. In this paper the inverse problem of reconstructing the space from the geodesic equations is addressed. A procedure is developed for obtaining the metric tensor from the Christoffel symbols. The procedure is extended for determining if a second order quadratically semi-linear system can be expressed as a system of geodesic equations, provided it has terms only quadratic in the first derivative apart from the second derivative term. A computer code has been developed for dealing with larger systems of geodesic equations.
math.DG math.CA
given a space it is easy to obtain the system of geodesic equations on it in this paper the inverse problem of reconstructing the space from the geodesic equations is addressed a procedure is developed for obtaining the metric tensor from the christoffel symbols the procedure is extended for determining if a second order quadratically semilinear system can be expressed as a system of geodesic equations provided it has terms only quadratic in the first derivative apart from the second derivative term a computer code has been developed for dealing with larger systems of geodesic equations
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711.1218
The two-body random spin ensemble and a new type of quantum phase transition
We study the properties of a two-body random matrix ensemble for distinguishable spins. We require the ensemble to be invariant under the group of local transformations and analyze a parametrization in terms of the group parameters and the remaining parameters associated with the "entangling" part of the interaction. We then specialize to a spin chain with nearest neighbour interactions and numerically find a new type of quantum phase transition related to the strength of a random external field i.e. the time reversal breaking one body interaction term.
quant-ph
we study the properties of a twobody random matrix ensemble for distinguishable spins we require the ensemble to be invariant under the group of local transformations and analyze a parametrization in terms of the group parameters and the remaining parameters associated with the entangling part of the interaction we then specialize to a spin chain with nearest neighbour interactions and numerically find a new type of quantum phase transition related to the strength of a random external field ie the time reversal breaking one body interaction term
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711.1219
Adaptive Speckle Imaging Interferometry: a new technique for the analysis of microstructure dynamics, drying processes and coating formation
We describe an extension of multi-speckle diffusing wave spectroscopy adapted to follow the non-stationary microscopic dynamics in drying films and coatings in a very reactive way and with a high dynamic range. We call this technique "Adaptive Speckle Imaging Interferometry". We introduce an efficient tool, the inter-image distance, to evaluate the speckle dynamics, and the concept of "speckle rate" (SR, in Hz) to quantify this dynamics. The adaptive algorithm plots a simple kinetics, the time evolution of the SR, providing a non-invasive characterization of drying phenomena. A new commercial instrument, called HORUS(R), based on ASII and specialized in the analysis of film formation and drying processes is presented.
cond-mat.soft physics.optics
we describe an extension of multispeckle diffusing wave spectroscopy adapted to follow the nonstationary microscopic dynamics in drying films and coatings in a very reactive way and with a high dynamic range we call this technique adaptive speckle imaging interferometry we introduce an efficient tool the interimage distance to evaluate the speckle dynamics and the concept of speckle rate sr in hz to quantify this dynamics the adaptive algorithm plots a simple kinetics the time evolution of the sr providing a noninvasive characterization of drying phenomena a new commercial instrument called horusr based on asii and specialized in the analysis of film formation and drying processes is presented
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711.122
Structure and organization in inclusion-containing bilayer membranes
Membrane organization is essential for cellular functions such as signal transduction and membrane trafficking. A major challenge is to understand the lateral heterogeneous structures in membranes and membrane fluidity in the presence of inclusions. Based on a considerable amount of experimental evidence for lateral organization of lipid membranes which share astonishingly similar features in the presence of different inclusions, we first present a general model system of bilayer membranes embedded by nanosized inclusions, and explain experimental findings. Here, the hydrophobic inclusions are simple models of intrinsic membrane proteins, cholesterol embedded in the membrane, hydrophobic drugs, or other nanoparticles for bio-medical applications. It is found that lipid/inclusion-rich raft domains are formed at moderate inclusion concentrations, and disappear with the increase of inclusions. At high inclusion content, chaining of inclusions occurs due to the effective attraction between inclusions mediated by lipids. Meanwhile, increasing inclusions can also cause thickening of the membrane, and the distribution of inclusions undergoes a layering transition from one-layer located in the bilayer midplane to two-layer structure arranged into the two leaflets of a bilayer. Our theoretical predictions address the complex interactions between membranes and inclusions, suggesting a unifying mechanism which reflects the competition between the conformational entropy of lipids favoring the formation of lipid-rich rafts and the steric repulsion of inclusions leading to the uniform dispersion.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech
membrane organization is essential for cellular functions such as signal transduction and membrane trafficking a major challenge is to understand the lateral heterogeneous structures in membranes and membrane fluidity in the presence of inclusions based on a considerable amount of experimental evidence for lateral organization of lipid membranes which share astonishingly similar features in the presence of different inclusions we first present a general model system of bilayer membranes embedded by nanosized inclusions and explain experimental findings here the hydrophobic inclusions are simple models of intrinsic membrane proteins cholesterol embedded in the membrane hydrophobic drugs or other nanoparticles for biomedical applications it is found that lipidinclusionrich raft domains are formed at moderate inclusion concentrations and disappear with the increase of inclusions at high inclusion content chaining of inclusions occurs due to the effective attraction between inclusions mediated by lipids meanwhile increasing inclusions can also cause thickening of the membrane and the distribution of inclusions undergoes a layering transition from onelayer located in the bilayer midplane to twolayer structure arranged into the two leaflets of a bilayer our theoretical predictions address the complex interactions between membranes and inclusions suggesting a unifying mechanism which reflects the competition between the conformational entropy of lipids favoring the formation of lipidrich rafts and the steric repulsion of inclusions leading to the uniform dispersion
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711.1221
Entanglement Entropy in Quantum Gravity and the Plateau Problem
In a quantum gravity theory the entropy of entanglement $S$ between the fundamental degrees of freedom spatially divided by a surface is discussed. The classical gravity is considered as an emergent phenomenon and arguments are presented that: 1) $S$ is a macroscopical quantity which can be determined without knowing a real microscopical content of the fundamental theory; 2) $S$ is given by the Bekenstein-Hawking formula in terms of the area of a co-dimension 2 hypesurface $\cal B$; 3) in static space-times $\cal B$ can be defined as a minimal hypersurface of a least volume separating the system in a constant time slice. It is shown that properties of $S$ are in agreement with basic properties of the von Neumann entropy. Explicit variational formulae for $S$ in different physical examples are considered.
hep-th
in a quantum gravity theory the entropy of entanglement s between the fundamental degrees of freedom spatially divided by a surface is discussed the classical gravity is considered as an emergent phenomenon and arguments are presented that 1 s is a macroscopical quantity which can be determined without knowing a real microscopical content of the fundamental theory 2 s is given by the bekensteinhawking formula in terms of the area of a codimension 2 hypesurface cal b 3 in static spacetimes cal b can be defined as a minimal hypersurface of a least volume separating the system in a constant time slice it is shown that properties of s are in agreement with basic properties of the von neumann entropy explicit variational formulae for s in different physical examples are considered
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711.1222
Conditional Linearizability Criteria for Scalar Fourth Order Semi-Linear Ordinary Differential Equations
Using geometric methods for linearizing systems of second order cubically semi-linear ordinary differential equations and third order quintically semi-linear ordinary differential equations, we extend to the fourth order by differentiating the third order equation. This yields criteria for linearizability of a class of fourth order semi-linear ordinary differential equations, which have not been discussed in the literature previously. It is shown that the procedure can be extended to higher order. Though the results for the higher orders are complicated, they are doable by algebraic computing. The standard Lie approach, as developed at present does not seem to be amenable to giving results that can be handled even by algebraic computing.
math.CA
using geometric methods for linearizing systems of second order cubically semilinear ordinary differential equations and third order quintically semilinear ordinary differential equations we extend to the fourth order by differentiating the third order equation this yields criteria for linearizability of a class of fourth order semilinear ordinary differential equations which have not been discussed in the literature previously it is shown that the procedure can be extended to higher order though the results for the higher orders are complicated they are doable by algebraic computing the standard lie approach as developed at present does not seem to be amenable to giving results that can be handled even by algebraic computing
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711.1223
Spectral Spatial Fluctuations of CMBR: Strategy and Concept of the Experiment
Spectral Spatial Fluctuations (SSF) of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) temperature are considered as a result of an interaction of primordial atoms and molecules with CMBR in proto-objects moving with peculiar velocities relative to the CMBR. Expected optimistic values of $\Delta T/T$ are 2x10^{-5}--2x10^{-6}$ for SSF caused by HeH$^+$ at z =20-30 which are possible redshifts of early reionization scenario. The bandwidth of the lines is 0.1-2% depending on the scale of proto-objects and redshifts. For the SSF search CMBR maps in different spectral channels are to be observed and then processed by the Difference method. Simulation of the experiment is made for MSRT (Tuorla Observatory, Finland) equipped with a 7x4 beam cryo-microbolometer array with a chopping flat and frequency multiplexer providing up to 7 spectral channels in each beam (88-100 GHz). Expected $\Delta $T/T limit in the experiment is 2x10 $^{-5}$ with 6'-7' angular and 2% frequency resolution. Simulation shows that SSF may be recognized in the angular power spectrum when S/N in single frequency CMBR maps is as small as 1.17 or even something less for white noise. Such an experiment gives us a possibility to set upper limit of SSF in MM band and prepare future SSF observations.
astro-ph
spectral spatial fluctuations ssf of the cosmic microwave background radiation cmbr temperature are considered as a result of an interaction of primordial atoms and molecules with cmbr in protoobjects moving with peculiar velocities relative to the cmbr expected optimistic values of delta tt are 2x1052x106 for ssf caused by heh at z 2030 which are possible redshifts of early reionization scenario the bandwidth of the lines is 012 depending on the scale of protoobjects and redshifts for the ssf search cmbr maps in different spectral channels are to be observed and then processed by the difference method simulation of the experiment is made for msrt tuorla observatory finland equipped with a 7x4 beam cryomicrobolometer array with a chopping flat and frequency multiplexer providing up to 7 spectral channels in each beam 88100 ghz expected delta tt limit in the experiment is 2x10 5 with 67 angular and 2 frequency resolution simulation shows that ssf may be recognized in the angular power spectrum when sn in single frequency cmbr maps is as small as 117 or even something less for white noise such an experiment gives us a possibility to set upper limit of ssf in mm band and prepare future ssf observations
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711.1224
Forster mechanism of electron-driven proton pump
We examine a simple model of proton pumping through the inner membrane of mitochondria in the living cell. We demonstrate that the pumping process can be described using approaches of condensed matter physics. In the framework of this model, we show that the resonant F\"orster-type energy exchange due to electron-proton Coulomb interaction can provide an unidirectional flow of protons against an electrochemical proton gradient, thereby accomplishing proton pumping. The dependence of this effect on temperature as well as electron and proton voltage build-ups are obtained taking into account electrostatic forces and noise in the environment. We find that the proton pump works with maximum efficiency in the range of temperatures and transmembrane electrochemical potentials which correspond to the parameters of living cells.
cond-mat.mes-hall physics.bio-ph q-bio.SC
we examine a simple model of proton pumping through the inner membrane of mitochondria in the living cell we demonstrate that the pumping process can be described using approaches of condensed matter physics in the framework of this model we show that the resonant forstertype energy exchange due to electronproton coulomb interaction can provide an unidirectional flow of protons against an electrochemical proton gradient thereby accomplishing proton pumping the dependence of this effect on temperature as well as electron and proton voltage buildups are obtained taking into account electrostatic forces and noise in the environment we find that the proton pump works with maximum efficiency in the range of temperatures and transmembrane electrochemical potentials which correspond to the parameters of living cells
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711.1225
Comment on ``Phase Transitions in Systems of Self-Propelled Agents and Related Network Models''
In this comment we show that the transition to collective motion in Vicsek-like systems with angular noise remain discontinuous for large velocity values. Thus, the networks studied by Aldana {\et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 98}, 095702 (2007)] at best constitute a singular, large velocity limit of these systems.
cond-mat.stat-mech
in this comment we show that the transition to collective motion in vicseklike systems with angular noise remain discontinuous for large velocity values thus the networks studied by aldana et al phys rev lett bf 98 095702 2007 at best constitute a singular large velocity limit of these systems
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711.1226
Dynamic aspects of individual design activities. A cognitive ergonomics viewpoint
This paper focuses on the use of knowledge possessed by designers. Data collection was based on observations (by the cognitive ergonomics researcher) and simultaneous verbalisations (by the designers) in empirical studies conducted in the context of industrial design projects. The contribution of this research is typical of cognitive ergonomics, in that it provides data on actual activities implemented by designers in their actual work situation (rather than on prescribed and/or idealised processes and methods). Data presented concern global strategies (the way in which designers actually organise their activity) and local strategies (reuse in design). Results from cognitive ergonomics and other research that challenges the way in which people are supposed to work with existing systems are generally not received warmly. Abundant corroboration of such results is required before industry may consider taking them into account. The opportunistic organisation of design activity is taken here as an example of this reluctance. The results concerning this aspect of design have been verified repeatedly, but only prototypes and experimental systems implementing some of the requirements formulated on their basis, are under development.
cs.HC
this paper focuses on the use of knowledge possessed by designers data collection was based on observations by the cognitive ergonomics researcher and simultaneous verbalisations by the designers in empirical studies conducted in the context of industrial design projects the contribution of this research is typical of cognitive ergonomics in that it provides data on actual activities implemented by designers in their actual work situation rather than on prescribed andor idealised processes and methods data presented concern global strategies the way in which designers actually organise their activity and local strategies reuse in design results from cognitive ergonomics and other research that challenges the way in which people are supposed to work with existing systems are generally not received warmly abundant corroboration of such results is required before industry may consider taking them into account the opportunistic organisation of design activity is taken here as an example of this reluctance the results concerning this aspect of design have been verified repeatedly but only prototypes and experimental systems implementing some of the requirements formulated on their basis are under development
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711.1227
Designing as Construction of Representations: A Dynamic Viewpoint in Cognitive Design Research
This article presents a cognitively oriented viewpoint on design. It focuses on cognitive, dynamic aspects of real design, i.e., the actual cognitive activity implemented by designers during their work on professional design projects. Rather than conceiving de-signing as problem solving - Simon's symbolic information processing (SIP) approach - or as a reflective practice or some other form of situated activity - the situativity (SIT) approach - we consider that, from a cognitive viewpoint, designing is most appropriately characterised as a construction of representations. After a critical discussion of the SIP and SIT approaches to design, we present our view-point. This presentation concerns the evolving nature of representations regarding levels of abstraction and degrees of precision, the function of external representations, and specific qualities of representation in collective design. Designing is described at three levels: the organisation of the activity, its strategies, and its design-representation construction activities (different ways to generate, trans-form, and evaluate representations). Even if we adopt a "generic design" stance, we claim that design can take different forms depending on the nature of the artefact, and we propose some candidates for dimensions that allow a distinction to be made between these forms of design. We discuss the potential specificity of HCI design, and the lack of cognitive design research occupied with the quality of design. We close our discussion of representational structures and activities by an outline of some directions regarding their functional linkages.
cs.HC
this article presents a cognitively oriented viewpoint on design it focuses on cognitive dynamic aspects of real design ie the actual cognitive activity implemented by designers during their work on professional design projects rather than conceiving designing as problem solving simons symbolic information processing sip approach or as a reflective practice or some other form of situated activity the situativity sit approach we consider that from a cognitive viewpoint designing is most appropriately characterised as a construction of representations after a critical discussion of the sip and sit approaches to design we present our viewpoint this presentation concerns the evolving nature of representations regarding levels of abstraction and degrees of precision the function of external representations and specific qualities of representation in collective design designing is described at three levels the organisation of the activity its strategies and its designrepresentation construction activities different ways to generate transform and evaluate representations even if we adopt a generic design stance we claim that design can take different forms depending on the nature of the artefact and we propose some candidates for dimensions that allow a distinction to be made between these forms of design we discuss the potential specificity of hci design and the lack of cognitive design research occupied with the quality of design we close our discussion of representational structures and activities by an outline of some directions regarding their functional linkages
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711.1228
Recovering the mass and the charge of a Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole by an inverse scattering experiment
In this paper, we study inverse scattering of massless Dirac fields that propagate in the exterior region of a Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole. Using a stationary approach we determine precisely the leading terms of the high-energy asymptotic expansion of the scattering matrix that, in turn, permit us to recover uniquely the mass of the black hole and its charge up to a sign.
math-ph math.MP
in this paper we study inverse scattering of massless dirac fields that propagate in the exterior region of a reissnernordstrom black hole using a stationary approach we determine precisely the leading terms of the highenergy asymptotic expansion of the scattering matrix that in turn permit us to recover uniquely the mass of the black hole and its charge up to a sign
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711.1229
A Zoll counterexample to a geodesic length conjecture
We construct a counterexample to a conjectured inequality L<2D, relating the diameter D and the least length L of a nontrivial closed geodesic, for a Riemannian metric on the 2-sphere. The construction relies on Guillemin's theorem concerning the existence of Zoll surfaces integrating an arbitrary infinitesimal odd deformation of the round metric. Thus the round metric is not optimal for the ratio L/D.
math.DG math.FA math.MG
we construct a counterexample to a conjectured inequality l2d relating the diameter d and the least length l of a nontrivial closed geodesic for a riemannian metric on the 2sphere the construction relies on guillemins theorem concerning the existence of zoll surfaces integrating an arbitrary infinitesimal odd deformation of the round metric thus the round metric is not optimal for the ratio ld
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711.123
An algebraic and graph theoretical framework to study monomial dynamical systems over a finite field
An n dimensional monomial dynamical system over a finite field K is a nonlinear deterministic time discrete dynamical system with the property that each of the n component functions is a monic nonzero monomial function in n variables. In this paper we provide an algebraic and graph theoretic framework to study the dynamic properties of monomial dynamical systems over a finite field. Within this framework, characterization theorems for fixed point systems (systems in which all trajectories end in steady states) are proved. In particular, we present an algorithm of polynomial complexity to test whether a given monomial dynamical system over a finite field is a fixed point system. Furthermore, theorems that complement previous work are presented and alternative proofs to previous results are supplied.
math.DS nlin.CG
an n dimensional monomial dynamical system over a finite field k is a nonlinear deterministic time discrete dynamical system with the property that each of the n component functions is a monic nonzero monomial function in n variables in this paper we provide an algebraic and graph theoretic framework to study the dynamic properties of monomial dynamical systems over a finite field within this framework characterization theorems for fixed point systems systems in which all trajectories end in steady states are proved in particular we present an algorithm of polynomial complexity to test whether a given monomial dynamical system over a finite field is a fixed point system furthermore theorems that complement previous work are presented and alternative proofs to previous results are supplied
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711.1231
Optimizing Latency and Reliability of Pipeline Workflow Applications
Mapping applications onto heterogeneous platforms is a difficult challenge, even for simple application patterns such as pipeline graphs. The problem is even more complex when processors are subject to failure during the execution of the application. In this paper, we study the complexity of a bi-criteria mapping which aims at optimizing the latency (i.e., the response time) and the reliability (i.e., the probability that the computation will be successful) of the application. Latency is minimized by using faster processors, while reliability is increased by replicating computations on a set of processors. However, replication increases latency (additional communications, slower processors). The application fails to be executed only if all the processors fail during execution. While simple polynomial algorithms can be found for fully homogeneous platforms, the problem becomes NP-hard when tackling heterogeneous platforms. This is yet another illustration of the additional complexity added by heterogeneity.
cs.DC
mapping applications onto heterogeneous platforms is a difficult challenge even for simple application patterns such as pipeline graphs the problem is even more complex when processors are subject to failure during the execution of the application in this paper we study the complexity of a bicriteria mapping which aims at optimizing the latency ie the response time and the reliability ie the probability that the computation will be successful of the application latency is minimized by using faster processors while reliability is increased by replicating computations on a set of processors however replication increases latency additional communications slower processors the application fails to be executed only if all the processors fail during execution while simple polynomial algorithms can be found for fully homogeneous platforms the problem becomes nphard when tackling heterogeneous platforms this is yet another illustration of the additional complexity added by heterogeneity
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711.1232
Wide-Field Survey of Globular Clusters in M31. II. Kinematics of the Globular Cluster System
We present a kinematic analysis of the globular cluster(GC) system in M31. Using the photometric and spectroscopic database of 504 GCs, we have investigated the kinematics of the M31 GC system. We find that the all GC system shows strong rotation, with rotation amplitude of v_rot~190km/s, and that a weak rotation persists even for the outermost samples at |Y|>5kpc. The rotation-corrected velocity dispersion for the GC system is estimated to be sigma_{p,r}~130km/s, and it increases from sigma_{p,r}~120km/s at |Y|<1kpc to sigma_{p,r}~150km/s at |Y|>5kpc. These results are very similar to those for the metal-poor GCs. This shows that there is a dynamically hot halo in M31 that is rotating but primarily pressure-supported. We have identified 50 "friendless" GCs, and they appear to rotate around the major axis of M31. For the subsamples of metal-poor and metal-rich GCs, we have found that the metal-rich GCs are more centrally concentrated than the metal-poor GCs, and both subsamples show strong rotation. For the subsamples of bright and faint GCs, it is found that the rotation for the faint GCs is stronger than that for the bright GCs. We have identified 56 GCs and GC candidates with X-ray detection. It is found that the majority of X-ray emitting GCs follow the disk rotation, and that the redder, more metal-rich, and brighter GCs are more likely to be detected as X-ray emitting GCs. We have derived a rotation curve of M31 using the GCs at |Y|<0.6kpc. We have estimated the dynamical mass of M31 using `Projected Mass Estimator(PME)' and `Tracer Mass Estimator(TME)'. We finally discuss the implication of these results and compare the kinematics of GCs with that of planetary nebulae in M31.
astro-ph
we present a kinematic analysis of the globular clustergc system in m31 using the photometric and spectroscopic database of 504 gcs we have investigated the kinematics of the m31 gc system we find that the all gc system shows strong rotation with rotation amplitude of v_rot190kms and that a weak rotation persists even for the outermost samples at y5kpc the rotationcorrected velocity dispersion for the gc system is estimated to be sigma_pr130kms and it increases from sigma_pr120kms at y1kpc to sigma_pr150kms at y5kpc these results are very similar to those for the metalpoor gcs this shows that there is a dynamically hot halo in m31 that is rotating but primarily pressuresupported we have identified 50 friendless gcs and they appear to rotate around the major axis of m31 for the subsamples of metalpoor and metalrich gcs we have found that the metalrich gcs are more centrally concentrated than the metalpoor gcs and both subsamples show strong rotation for the subsamples of bright and faint gcs it is found that the rotation for the faint gcs is stronger than that for the bright gcs we have identified 56 gcs and gc candidates with xray detection it is found that the majority of xray emitting gcs follow the disk rotation and that the redder more metalrich and brighter gcs are more likely to be detected as xray emitting gcs we have derived a rotation curve of m31 using the gcs at y06kpc we have estimated the dynamical mass of m31 using projected mass estimatorpme and tracer mass estimatortme we finally discuss the implication of these results and compare the kinematics of gcs with that of planetary nebulae in m31
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711.1233
Estimating the number of negative eigenvalues of a relativistic Hamiltonian with regular magnetic field
We prove the analog of the Cwickel-Lieb-Rosenblum estimation for the number of negative eigenvalues of a relativistic Hamiltonian with magnetic field $B\in C^\infty_{\rm{pol}}(\mathbb R^d)$ and an electric potential $V\in L^1_{\rm{loc}}(\mathbb R^d)$, $V_-\in L^d(\mathbb R^d)\cap L^{d/2}(\mathbb R^d)$. Compared to the nonrelativistic case, this estimation involves both norms of $V_-$ in $L^{d/2}(\mathbb R^d)$ and in $L^{d}(\mathbb R^d)$. A direct consequence is a Lieb-Thirring inequality for the sum of powers of the absolute values of the negative eigenvalues.
math-ph math.MP
we prove the analog of the cwickelliebrosenblum estimation for the number of negative eigenvalues of a relativistic hamiltonian with magnetic field bin cinfty_rmpolmathbb rd and an electric potential vin l1_rmlocmathbb rd v_in ldmathbb rdcap ld2mathbb rd compared to the nonrelativistic case this estimation involves both norms of v_ in ld2mathbb rd and in ldmathbb rd a direct consequence is a liebthirring inequality for the sum of powers of the absolute values of the negative eigenvalues
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711.1234
HI power spectrum of the spiral galaxy NGC628
We have measured the HI power spectrum of the nearly face-on spiral galaxy NGC628 (M74) using a visibility based estimator. The power spectrum is well fitted by a power law $P(U)=AU^{\alpha}$, with $\alpha =- 1.6\pm0.2$ over the length scale $800 {\rm pc} {\rm to} 8 {\rm kpc}$. The slope is found to be independent of the width of the velocity channel. This value of the slope is a little more than one in excess of what has been seen at considerably smaller length scales in the Milky-Way, Small Magellanic Cloud (LMC), Large Magellanic Cloud (SMC) and the dwarf galaxy DDO210. We interpret this difference as indicating a transition from three dimensional turbulence at small scales to two dimensional turbulence in the plane of the galaxy's disk at length scales larger than galaxy's HI scale height. The slope measured here is similar to that found at large scales in the LMC. Our analysis also places an upper limit to the galaxy's scale height at $800\ {\rm pc}$ .
astro-ph
we have measured the hi power spectrum of the nearly faceon spiral galaxy ngc628 m74 using a visibility based estimator the power spectrum is well fitted by a power law puaualpha with alpha 16pm02 over the length scale 800 rm pc rm to 8 rm kpc the slope is found to be independent of the width of the velocity channel this value of the slope is a little more than one in excess of what has been seen at considerably smaller length scales in the milkyway small magellanic cloud lmc large magellanic cloud smc and the dwarf galaxy ddo210 we interpret this difference as indicating a transition from three dimensional turbulence at small scales to two dimensional turbulence in the plane of the galaxys disk at length scales larger than galaxys hi scale height the slope measured here is similar to that found at large scales in the lmc our analysis also places an upper limit to the galaxys scale height at 800 rm pc
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711.1235
A theory of web traffic
We analyze access statistics of several popular webpages for a period of several years. The graphs of daily downloads are highly non-homogeneous with long periods of low activity interrupted by bursts of heavy traffic. These bursts are due to avalanches of blog entries, referring to the page. We quantitatively explain this behavior using the theory of branching processes. We extrapolate these findings to construct a model of the entire web. According to the model, the competition between webpages for viewers pushes the web into a self-organized critical state. In this regime, the most interesting webpages are in a near-critical state, with a power law distribution of traffic intensity.
physics.soc-ph cond-mat.stat-mech nlin.AO
we analyze access statistics of several popular webpages for a period of several years the graphs of daily downloads are highly nonhomogeneous with long periods of low activity interrupted by bursts of heavy traffic these bursts are due to avalanches of blog entries referring to the page we quantitatively explain this behavior using the theory of branching processes we extrapolate these findings to construct a model of the entire web according to the model the competition between webpages for viewers pushes the web into a selforganized critical state in this regime the most interesting webpages are in a nearcritical state with a power law distribution of traffic intensity
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711.1236
Maximum principle and convergence of fundamental solutions for the Ricci flow
In this paper we will prove a maximum principle for the solutions of linear parabolic equation on complete non-compact manifolds with a time varying metric. We will prove the convergence of the Neumann Green function of the conjugate heat equation for the Ricci flow in $B_k\times (0,T)$ to the minimal fundamental solution of the conjugate heat equation as $k\to\infty$. We will prove the uniqueness of the fundamental solution under some exponential decay assumption on the fundamental solution. We will also give a detail proof of the convergence of the fundamental solutions of the conjugate heat equation for a sequence of pointed Ricci flow $(M_k\times (-\alpha,0],x_k,g_k)$ to the fundamental solution of the limit manifold as $k\to\infty$ which was used without proof by Perelman in his proof of the pseudolocality theorem for Ricci flow.
math.DG
in this paper we will prove a maximum principle for the solutions of linear parabolic equation on complete noncompact manifolds with a time varying metric we will prove the convergence of the neumann green function of the conjugate heat equation for the ricci flow in b_ktimes 0t to the minimal fundamental solution of the conjugate heat equation as ktoinfty we will prove the uniqueness of the fundamental solution under some exponential decay assumption on the fundamental solution we will also give a detail proof of the convergence of the fundamental solutions of the conjugate heat equation for a sequence of pointed ricci flow m_ktimes alpha0x_kg_k to the fundamental solution of the limit manifold as ktoinfty which was used without proof by perelman in his proof of the pseudolocality theorem for ricci flow
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711.1237
Phenomenology of turbulent dynamo growth and saturation
With a non local shell model of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence we investigate numerically the turbulent dynamo action for low and high magnetic Prandtl numbers ($Pm$). The results obtained in the kinematic regime and along the way to dynamo saturation are understood in terms of a phenomenological approach based on the local ($Pm\ll 1$) or non local ($Pm\gg 1$) nature of the energy transfers. In both cases the magnetic energy grows at small scale and saturates as an inverse `` cascade ''.
astro-ph
with a non local shell model of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence we investigate numerically the turbulent dynamo action for low and high magnetic prandtl numbers pm the results obtained in the kinematic regime and along the way to dynamo saturation are understood in terms of a phenomenological approach based on the local pmll 1 or non local pmgg 1 nature of the energy transfers in both cases the magnetic energy grows at small scale and saturates as an inverse cascade
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711.1238
Neutrinos and Lepton Flavour Violation in the Left-Right Twin Higgs Model
We analyse the lepton sector of the Left-Right Twin Higgs Model. This model offers an alternative way to solve the "little hierarchy" problem of the Standard Model. We show that one can achieve an effective see-saw to explain the origin of neutrino masses and that this model can accommodate the observed neutrino masses and mixings. We have also studied the lepton flavour violation process l_1 -> l_2 \gamma and discussed how the experimental bound from these branching ratios constrains the scale of symmetry breaking of this Twin Higgs model.
hep-ph
we analyse the lepton sector of the leftright twin higgs model this model offers an alternative way to solve the little hierarchy problem of the standard model we show that one can achieve an effective seesaw to explain the origin of neutrino masses and that this model can accommodate the observed neutrino masses and mixings we have also studied the lepton flavour violation process l_1 l_2 gamma and discussed how the experimental bound from these branching ratios constrains the scale of symmetry breaking of this twin higgs model
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711.1239
Progress in kaon physics on the lattice
CKM-unitarity, direct and indirect CP-violation and the \Delta I=1/2 rule in full lattice QCD are the focus of this talk. To this end I will discuss and compare recent lattice results for leptonic, semi-leptonic and non-leptonic decays of the kaon and neutral kaon mixing and I will motivate current best estimates f_K/f_\pi=1.198(10), f_+^{K\pi}(0)=0.964(5) and \hat{B}_K=0.720(39). Moreover new theoretical advances that will improve the quality of these computations in the future will be discussed.
hep-lat hep-ph
ckmunitarity direct and indirect cpviolation and the delta i12 rule in full lattice qcd are the focus of this talk to this end i will discuss and compare recent lattice results for leptonic semileptonic and nonleptonic decays of the kaon and neutral kaon mixing and i will motivate current best estimates f_kf_pi119810 f_kpi009645 and hatb_k072039 moreover new theoretical advances that will improve the quality of these computations in the future will be discussed
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711.124
Supersymmetric Dark Matter Candidates - The Lightest Neutralino, the Gravitino, and the Axino
In supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model, the lightest neutralino, the gravitino, and the axino can appear as the lightest supersymmetric particle and as such provide a compelling explanation of the non-baryonic dark matter in our Universe. For each of these dark matter candidates, I review the present status of primordial production mechanisms, cosmological constraints, and prospects of experimental identification.
hep-ph astro-ph hep-ex
in supersymmetric extensions of the standard model the lightest neutralino the gravitino and the axino can appear as the lightest supersymmetric particle and as such provide a compelling explanation of the nonbaryonic dark matter in our universe for each of these dark matter candidates i review the present status of primordial production mechanisms cosmological constraints and prospects of experimental identification
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711.1241
X-ray Resonant Scattering Study of the Order Parameters in Multiferroic TbMnO$_3$
We report on an extensive investigation of the multiferroic compound TbMnO$_3$. Non-resonant x-ray magnetic scattering (NRXMS) revealed a dominant $A$-type domain. The temperature dependence of the intensity and wavevector associated with the incommensurate magnetic order was found to be in good agreement with neutron scattering data. XRS experiments were performed in the vicinity of the Mn $K$ and Tb $L_3$ edges in the high-temperature collinear phase, the intermediate temperature cycloidal/ferroelectric phase, and the low-temperature phase. In the collinear phase resonant $E1-E1$ satellites were found at the Mn $K$ edge associated with $A$-type but also $F$-type peaks. The azimuthal dependence of the $F$-type satellites (and their absence in the NRXMS experiments) indicates that they are most likely non-magnetic in origin. We suggest instead that they may be associated with an induced charge multipole. At the Tb $L_3$ edge resonant $A$- and $F$-type satellites ($E1-E1$) were observed in the collinear phase. These we attribute to a polarisation of the Tb 5$d$ states by the ordering of the Mn sublattice. In the cycloidal/ferroelectric phase a new set of resonant satellites appear corresponding to $C$-type order. These appear at the Tb $L_3$ edge only. In addition to a dominant $E1-E1$ component in the $\sigma-\pi^\prime$ channel, a weaker component is found in the pre-edge with $\sigma-\sigma^\prime$ polarization. Calculations of the XRS were performed using the $FDMNES$ code showing that the unrotated $\sigma-\sigma^\prime$ component of the Tb $L_3$ $C$-type peaks appearing in the ferroelectric phase contains a contribution from a multipole that is odd with respect to both space and time, known in various contexts as the anapole.
cond-mat.str-el
we report on an extensive investigation of the multiferroic compound tbmno_3 nonresonant xray magnetic scattering nrxms revealed a dominant atype domain the temperature dependence of the intensity and wavevector associated with the incommensurate magnetic order was found to be in good agreement with neutron scattering data xrs experiments were performed in the vicinity of the mn k and tb l_3 edges in the hightemperature collinear phase the intermediate temperature cycloidalferroelectric phase and the lowtemperature phase in the collinear phase resonant e1e1 satellites were found at the mn k edge associated with atype but also ftype peaks the azimuthal dependence of the ftype satellites and their absence in the nrxms experiments indicates that they are most likely nonmagnetic in origin we suggest instead that they may be associated with an induced charge multipole at the tb l_3 edge resonant a and ftype satellites e1e1 were observed in the collinear phase these we attribute to a polarisation of the tb 5d states by the ordering of the mn sublattice in the cycloidalferroelectric phase a new set of resonant satellites appear corresponding to ctype order these appear at the tb l_3 edge only in addition to a dominant e1e1 component in the sigmapiprime channel a weaker component is found in the preedge with sigmasigmaprime polarization calculations of the xrs were performed using the fdmnes code showing that the unrotated sigmasigmaprime component of the tb l_3 ctype peaks appearing in the ferroelectric phase contains a contribution from a multipole that is odd with respect to both space and time known in various contexts as the anapole
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711.1242
The Price of Selfish Stackelberg Leadership in a Network Game
We study a class of games in which a finite number of agents each controls a quantity of flow to be routed through a network, and are able to split their own flow between multiple paths through the network. Recent work on this model has contrasted the social cost of Nash equilibria with the best possible social cost. Here we show that additional costs are incurred in situations where a selfish ``leader'' agent allocates his flow, and then commits to that choice so that other agents are compelled to minimise their own cost based on the first agent's choice. We find that even in simple networks, the leader can often improve his own cost at the expense of increased social cost. Focusing on the 2-player case, we give upper and lower bounds on the worst-case additional cost incurred.
cs.GT
we study a class of games in which a finite number of agents each controls a quantity of flow to be routed through a network and are able to split their own flow between multiple paths through the network recent work on this model has contrasted the social cost of nash equilibria with the best possible social cost here we show that additional costs are incurred in situations where a selfish leader agent allocates his flow and then commits to that choice so that other agents are compelled to minimise their own cost based on the first agents choice we find that even in simple networks the leader can often improve his own cost at the expense of increased social cost focusing on the 2player case we give upper and lower bounds on the worstcase additional cost incurred
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711.1243
Functions of State for Spinor Gas in General Relativity
The energy momentum tensor of perfect fluid is a simplified but successful model in astrophysics. In this paper, assuming the particles driven by gravity and moving along geodesics, we derived the functions of state in detail. The results show that, these functions have a little correction for the usual thermodynamics. The new functions naturally satisfy the causal condition and consist with relativity. For the self potentials of the particles we introduce an extra function $W$, which acts like negative pressure and can be used to describe dark matter. The results are helpful to understand the relation and interaction between space-time and matter.
physics.gen-ph
the energy momentum tensor of perfect fluid is a simplified but successful model in astrophysics in this paper assuming the particles driven by gravity and moving along geodesics we derived the functions of state in detail the results show that these functions have a little correction for the usual thermodynamics the new functions naturally satisfy the causal condition and consist with relativity for the self potentials of the particles we introduce an extra function w which acts like negative pressure and can be used to describe dark matter the results are helpful to understand the relation and interaction between spacetime and matter
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711.1244
Quasistationary quaternionic Hamiltonians and complex stochastic maps
We show that the complex projections of time-dependent $\eta $-quasianti-Hermitian quaternionic Hamiltonian dynamics are complex stochastic dynamics in the space of complex quasi-Hermitian density matrices if and only if a quasistationarity condition is fulfilled, i. e., if and only if $\eta $ is an Hermitian positive time-independent complex operator. An example is also discussed.
quant-ph
we show that the complex projections of timedependent eta quasiantihermitian quaternionic hamiltonian dynamics are complex stochastic dynamics in the space of complex quasihermitian density matrices if and only if a quasistationarity condition is fulfilled i e if and only if eta is an hermitian positive timeindependent complex operator an example is also discussed
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711.1245
Optimal evaluation of single-molecule force spectroscopy experiments
The forced rupture of single chemical bonds under external load is addressed. A general framework is put forward to optimally utilize the experimentally observed rupture force data for estimating the parameters of a theoretical model. As an application we explore to what extent a distinction between several recently proposed models is feasible on the basis of realistic experimental data sets.
physics.bio-ph physics.data-an
the forced rupture of single chemical bonds under external load is addressed a general framework is put forward to optimally utilize the experimentally observed rupture force data for estimating the parameters of a theoretical model as an application we explore to what extent a distinction between several recently proposed models is feasible on the basis of realistic experimental data sets
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711.1246
Finite-thickness effects in ground-state transitions of two-electron quantum dots
Using the exactly solvable excitation spectrum of two-electron quantum dots with parabolic potential, we show that the inclusion of the vertical extension of the quantum dot provides a consistent description of the experimental findings of Nishi et al. [Phys.Rev.B75, 121301(R) (2007)]. We found that the second singlet-triplet transition in the ground state is a vanishing function of the lateral confinement in the three-dimensional case, while it always persists in the two-dimensional case. We show that a slight decrease of the lateral confinement leads to a formation of the Wigner molecule at low magnetic fields.
cond-mat.mes-hall
using the exactly solvable excitation spectrum of twoelectron quantum dots with parabolic potential we show that the inclusion of the vertical extension of the quantum dot provides a consistent description of the experimental findings of nishi et al physrevb75 121301r 2007 we found that the second singlettriplet transition in the ground state is a vanishing function of the lateral confinement in the threedimensional case while it always persists in the twodimensional case we show that a slight decrease of the lateral confinement leads to a formation of the wigner molecule at low magnetic fields
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711.1247
Discovery of Quantum Hidden Variable
The first clue, in the theory of relativity, the 4-vector force acting on a particle is orthogonal to the 4-vector velocity of the particle, this orthogonality means that there is some difference between the orthogonality and the usual statement: the Coulomb's force (or gravitational force) acts along the line joining a couple of particles (in usual 3D space), so the direction of 4-vector Coulomb's force is carefully investigated, it is found that Maxwell's equations can be derived from classical Coulomb's force and the orthogonality. The second clue, a 4-vector force has 4 components, because of the orthogonality of 4-vector force and 4-vector velocity, the number of independent components of the 4-vector force reduces to 3, however we prove that 4-vector Coulomb's force can merely provide 2 independent components, this situation means that there is an undefined component accompanying the 4-vector Coulomb's force, hinting that this missing undefined component is a hidden variable. The third clue, the best way to study the hidden variable is to establish a new concept: Z-space, in which the undefined component of 4-vector Coulomb's force can be clearly defined as the hidden variable for the quantum mechanics. At the last, the undefined component is regarded as a fluctuating source that contributes to Lorentz force, so that the quantum wave equation can be derived out in the ensemble space of particle motion from the relativistic Newton's second law.
physics.gen-ph
the first clue in the theory of relativity the 4vector force acting on a particle is orthogonal to the 4vector velocity of the particle this orthogonality means that there is some difference between the orthogonality and the usual statement the coulombs force or gravitational force acts along the line joining a couple of particles in usual 3d space so the direction of 4vector coulombs force is carefully investigated it is found that maxwells equations can be derived from classical coulombs force and the orthogonality the second clue a 4vector force has 4 components because of the orthogonality of 4vector force and 4vector velocity the number of independent components of the 4vector force reduces to 3 however we prove that 4vector coulombs force can merely provide 2 independent components this situation means that there is an undefined component accompanying the 4vector coulombs force hinting that this missing undefined component is a hidden variable the third clue the best way to study the hidden variable is to establish a new concept zspace in which the undefined component of 4vector coulombs force can be clearly defined as the hidden variable for the quantum mechanics at the last the undefined component is regarded as a fluctuating source that contributes to lorentz force so that the quantum wave equation can be derived out in the ensemble space of particle motion from the relativistic newtons second law
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711.1248
Dynamical NNLO parton distributions and the perturbative stability of F_L(x,Q^2)
It is shown that the previously noted extreme perturbative NNLO/NLO instability of the longitudinal structure function F_L(x,Q^2) is a mere artefact of the commonly utilized `standard' gluon distributions. In particular it is demonstrated that using the appropriate -- dynamically generated -- parton distributions at NLO and NNLO, F_L(x,Q^2) turns out to be perturbatively rather stable already for Q^2 $\geq$ O(2-3 GeV^2).
hep-ph
it is shown that the previously noted extreme perturbative nnlonlo instability of the longitudinal structure function f_lxq2 is a mere artefact of the commonly utilized standard gluon distributions in particular it is demonstrated that using the appropriate dynamically generated parton distributions at nlo and nnlo f_lxq2 turns out to be perturbatively rather stable already for q2 geq o23 gev2
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711.1249
Contributions to Random Energy Models
In this thesis, we consider several Random Energy Models. This includes Derrida's Random Energy Model (REM) and Generalized Random Energy Model (GREM) and a nonhierarchical version (BK-GREM) by Bolthausen and Kistler. The limiting free energy in all these models along with Word GREM, a model proposed by us, turn out to be a cute consequence of large deviation principle (LDP). This LDP argument allows us to consider non-Gaussian driving distributions as well as external field. We could also consider random trees as the underlying tree structure in GREM. In all these models, as expected, limiting free energy is not 'universal' unlike the SK model. However it is 'rate specific'. Consideration of non-Gaussian driving distribution as well as different driving distributions for the different levels of the underlying trees in GREM leads to interesting phenomena. For example in REM, if the Hamiltonian is Binomial with parameter $N$ and $p$ then the existence of phase transition depends on the parameter $p$. More precisely, phase transition takes place only when $p>{1/2}$. For another example, consider a 2 level GREM with exponential driving distribution at the first level and Gaussian in the second with equal weights at both the levels. Then even if the limiting ratio for the second level particles, $p_2$ is 0.00001 (very small), the system reduces to a Gaussian REM. On the other hand, if we consider a 2 level GREM with Gaussian driving distribution at the first level and exponential in the second, the system will never reduce to a Gaussian REM. In either case, the system will never reduce to that of an exponential REM. etc.
math.PR math.DS
in this thesis we consider several random energy models this includes derridas random energy model rem and generalized random energy model grem and a nonhierarchical version bkgrem by bolthausen and kistler the limiting free energy in all these models along with word grem a model proposed by us turn out to be a cute consequence of large deviation principle ldp this ldp argument allows us to consider nongaussian driving distributions as well as external field we could also consider random trees as the underlying tree structure in grem in all these models as expected limiting free energy is not universal unlike the sk model however it is rate specific consideration of nongaussian driving distribution as well as different driving distributions for the different levels of the underlying trees in grem leads to interesting phenomena for example in rem if the hamiltonian is binomial with parameter n and p then the existence of phase transition depends on the parameter p more precisely phase transition takes place only when p12 for another example consider a 2 level grem with exponential driving distribution at the first level and gaussian in the second with equal weights at both the levels then even if the limiting ratio for the second level particles p_2 is 000001 very small the system reduces to a gaussian rem on the other hand if we consider a 2 level grem with gaussian driving distribution at the first level and exponential in the second the system will never reduce to a gaussian rem in either case the system will never reduce to that of an exponential rem etc
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711.125
Convexity in locally conformally flat manifolds with boundary
Given a closed subset $\La$ of the open unit ball $B_1\subset \real^n$, $n \geq 3$, we will consider a complete Riemannian metric $g$ on $\bar{B_1} \setminus \La$ of constant scalar curvature equal to $n(n-1)$ and conformally related to the Euclidean metric. In this paper we prove that every closed Euclidean ball $\bar{B} \subset B_1\setminus \La$ is convex with respect to the metric $g$, assuming the mean curvature of the boundary $\partial B_1$ is nonnegative with respect to the inward normal.
math.DG math.AP
given a closed subset la of the open unit ball b_1subset realn n geq 3 we will consider a complete riemannian metric g on barb_1 setminus la of constant scalar curvature equal to nn1 and conformally related to the euclidean metric in this paper we prove that every closed euclidean ball barb subset b_1setminus la is convex with respect to the metric g assuming the mean curvature of the boundary partial b_1 is nonnegative with respect to the inward normal
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711.1251
Manifestation of a complex edge excitation structure in the fractional quantum Hall regime at high filling factors
We experimentally study equilibration across the sample edge at high fractional filling factors 4/3, 5/3 under experimental conditions, which allow us to obtain high imbalance conditions. We find a lack of the full equilibration across the edge even in the flat-band situation, where no potential barrier survives at the sample edge. We interpret this result as the manifestation of complicated edge excitation structure at high fractional filling factors 4/3, 5/3. Also, a mobility gap in the $\nu_c=1$ incompressible strip is determined in normal and tilted magnetic fields.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.str-el
we experimentally study equilibration across the sample edge at high fractional filling factors 43 53 under experimental conditions which allow us to obtain high imbalance conditions we find a lack of the full equilibration across the edge even in the flatband situation where no potential barrier survives at the sample edge we interpret this result as the manifestation of complicated edge excitation structure at high fractional filling factors 43 53 also a mobility gap in the nu_c1 incompressible strip is determined in normal and tilted magnetic fields
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711.1252
Energetics of thermal inactivation of excitonically-induced defect formation in rare-gas solids
Thermodynamic parameters of thermal inactivation of excitonically induced defect formation in rare-gas solids have been obtained from the fitting of the temperature dependences of defect formation rates, which were measured under selective photoexcitation by synchrotron radiation.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.other
thermodynamic parameters of thermal inactivation of excitonically induced defect formation in raregas solids have been obtained from the fitting of the temperature dependences of defect formation rates which were measured under selective photoexcitation by synchrotron radiation
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711.1253
Angular momentum conservation in heavy ion collisions at very high energy
The effects of angular momentum conservation in peripheral heavy ion collisions at very high energy are investigated. It is shown that the initial angular momentum of the quark-gluon plasma should enhance the azimuthal anisotropy of particle spectra (elliptic flow) with respect to the usual picture where only the initial geometrical eccentricity of the nuclear overlap region is responsible for the anisotropy. In hydrodynamical terms, the initial angular momentum entails a non trivial dependence of the initial longitudinal flow velocity on the transverse coordinates. This gives rise to a non-vanishing vorticity in the equations of motion which enhances the expansion rate of the supposedly created fluid compensating for the possible quenching effect of viscosity. A distinctive signature of the vorticity in the plasma is the generation of an average polarization of the emitted hadrons, for which we provide analytical expressions. These phenomena might be better observed at LHC, where the initial angular momentum density will be larger and where we envisage an increase of the elliptic flow coefficient v_2 with respect to RHIC energies.
nucl-th hep-ph
the effects of angular momentum conservation in peripheral heavy ion collisions at very high energy are investigated it is shown that the initial angular momentum of the quarkgluon plasma should enhance the azimuthal anisotropy of particle spectra elliptic flow with respect to the usual picture where only the initial geometrical eccentricity of the nuclear overlap region is responsible for the anisotropy in hydrodynamical terms the initial angular momentum entails a non trivial dependence of the initial longitudinal flow velocity on the transverse coordinates this gives rise to a nonvanishing vorticity in the equations of motion which enhances the expansion rate of the supposedly created fluid compensating for the possible quenching effect of viscosity a distinctive signature of the vorticity in the plasma is the generation of an average polarization of the emitted hadrons for which we provide analytical expressions these phenomena might be better observed at lhc where the initial angular momentum density will be larger and where we envisage an increase of the elliptic flow coefficient v_2 with respect to rhic energies
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711.1254
Gauss-Codazzi Formalism to Braneworld Scenario within Brans-Dicke Theory
We apply the Gauss-Codacci formalism to brane worlds scenario within the framework of Brans-Dicke gravity. The compactification is taken from six to five dimensions in order to formalize brane-world models with hybrid compactification in scalar-tensor theories.
hep-th
we apply the gausscodacci formalism to brane worlds scenario within the framework of bransdicke gravity the compactification is taken from six to five dimensions in order to formalize braneworld models with hybrid compactification in scalartensor theories
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711.1255
Mesoscopic Coulomb Supersolid
When a few tens of charged particles are trapped in a spherical electrostatic potential at low temperature they form concentric shells resembling atoms. These ``artificial atoms'' can be easily controlled by varying the confinement strength. We analyze such systems for the case that the particles are bosons and find superfluid behavior which even persists in the solid state. This novel state of matter is a mesoscopic supersolid.
cond-mat.stat-mech
when a few tens of charged particles are trapped in a spherical electrostatic potential at low temperature they form concentric shells resembling atoms these artificial atoms can be easily controlled by varying the confinement strength we analyze such systems for the case that the particles are bosons and find superfluid behavior which even persists in the solid state this novel state of matter is a mesoscopic supersolid
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711.1256
Influence of electronic correlations on the frequency-dependent hopping transport in Si:P
At low energy scales charge transport in the insulating Si:P is dominated by activated hopping between the localized donor electron states. Thus, theoretical models for a disordered system with electron-electron interaction are appropriate to interpret the electric conductivity spectra. With a newly developed technique we have measured the complex broadband microwave conductivity of Si:P from 100 MHz to 5 GHz in a broad range of phosphorus concentration $n/n_c$ from 0.56 to 0.95 relative to the critical value $n_c=3.5\times 10^{18}$ cm$^{-3}$ corresponding to the metal-insulator transition driven by doping. At our base temperature of $T =1.1$ K the samples are in the zero-phonon regime where they show a super-linear frequency dependence of the conductivity indicating the influence of the Coulomb gap in the density of the impurity states. At higher doping $n\to n_c$, an abrupt drop in the conductivity power law $\sig(\omega)\sim\omega^\alpha$ is observed. The dielectric function $\eps$ increases upon doping following a power law in ($1-n/n_c$). Dynamic response at elevated temperatures has also been investigated.
cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.str-el
at low energy scales charge transport in the insulating sip is dominated by activated hopping between the localized donor electron states thus theoretical models for a disordered system with electronelectron interaction are appropriate to interpret the electric conductivity spectra with a newly developed technique we have measured the complex broadband microwave conductivity of sip from 100 mhz to 5 ghz in a broad range of phosphorus concentration nn_c from 056 to 095 relative to the critical value n_c35times 1018 cm3 corresponding to the metalinsulator transition driven by doping at our base temperature of t 11 k the samples are in the zerophonon regime where they show a superlinear frequency dependence of the conductivity indicating the influence of the coulomb gap in the density of the impurity states at higher doping nto n_c an abrupt drop in the conductivity power law sigomegasimomegaalpha is observed the dielectric function eps increases upon doping following a power law in 1nn_c dynamic response at elevated temperatures has also been investigated
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711.1257
Bifurcations in the regularized Ericksen bar model
We consider the regularized Ericksen model of an elastic bar on an elastic foundation on an interval with Dirichlet boundary conditions as a two-parameter bifurcation problem. We explore, using local bifurcation analysis and continuation methods, the structure of bifurcations from double zero eigenvalues. Our results provide evidence in support of M\"uller's conjecture \cite{Muller} concerning the symmetry of local minimizers of the associated energy functional and describe in detail the structure of the primary branch connections that occur in this problem. We give a reformulation of M\"uller's conjecture and suggest two further conjectures based on the local analysis and numerical observations. We conclude by analysing a ``loop'' structure that characterizes $(k,3k)$ bifurcations.
math.DS
we consider the regularized ericksen model of an elastic bar on an elastic foundation on an interval with dirichlet boundary conditions as a twoparameter bifurcation problem we explore using local bifurcation analysis and continuation methods the structure of bifurcations from double zero eigenvalues our results provide evidence in support of mullers conjecture citemuller concerning the symmetry of local minimizers of the associated energy functional and describe in detail the structure of the primary branch connections that occur in this problem we give a reformulation of mullers conjecture and suggest two further conjectures based on the local analysis and numerical observations we conclude by analysing a loop structure that characterizes k3k bifurcations
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711.1258
The critical contact process in a randomly evolving environment dies out
Bezuidenhout and Grimmett proved that the critical contact process dies out. Here, we generalize the result to the so called contact process in a random evolving environment (CPREE), introduced by Erik Broman. This process is a generalization of the contact process where the recovery rate can vary between two values. The rate which it chooses is determined by a background process, which evolves independently at different sites. As for the contact process, we can similarly define a critical value in terms of survival for this process. In this paper we prove that this definition is independent of how we start the background process, that finite and infinite survival (meaning nontriviality of the upper invariant measure) are equivalent and finally that the process dies out at criticality.
math.PR
bezuidenhout and grimmett proved that the critical contact process dies out here we generalize the result to the so called contact process in a random evolving environment cpree introduced by erik broman this process is a generalization of the contact process where the recovery rate can vary between two values the rate which it chooses is determined by a background process which evolves independently at different sites as for the contact process we can similarly define a critical value in terms of survival for this process in this paper we prove that this definition is independent of how we start the background process that finite and infinite survival meaning nontriviality of the upper invariant measure are equivalent and finally that the process dies out at criticality
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711.1259
Density waves and Cooper pairing on the honeycomb lattice
Motivated by the surge in research activities on graphene, we investigate instabilities of electrons on the honeycomb lattice, interacting by onsite and nearest-neighbor terms, using a renormalization group scheme. Near half band-filling, critical minimal interaction strengths are required for instabilities toward antiferromagnetic or charge-density wave order. Away from half filling, f-wave triplet pairing and d+id singlet pairing instabilities are found to emerge out of density-wave regimes.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.supr-con
motivated by the surge in research activities on graphene we investigate instabilities of electrons on the honeycomb lattice interacting by onsite and nearestneighbor terms using a renormalization group scheme near half bandfilling critical minimal interaction strengths are required for instabilities toward antiferromagnetic or chargedensity wave order away from half filling fwave triplet pairing and did singlet pairing instabilities are found to emerge out of densitywave regimes
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711.126
Influence of synaptic interaction on firing synchronization and spike death in excitatory neuronal networks
We investigated the influence of efficacy of synaptic interaction on firing synchronization in excitatory neuronal networks. We found spike death phenomena, namely, the state of neurons transits from limit cycle to fixed point or transient state. The phenomena occur under the perturbation of excitatory synaptic interaction that has a high efficacy. We showed that the decrease of synaptic current results in spike death through depressing the feedback of sodium ionic current. In the networks with spike death property the degree of synchronization is lower and unsensitive to the heterogeneity of neurons. The mechanism of the influence is that the transition of neuron state disrupts the adjustment of the rhythm of neuron oscillation and prevents further increase of firing synchronization.
cond-mat.dis-nn q-bio.NC
we investigated the influence of efficacy of synaptic interaction on firing synchronization in excitatory neuronal networks we found spike death phenomena namely the state of neurons transits from limit cycle to fixed point or transient state the phenomena occur under the perturbation of excitatory synaptic interaction that has a high efficacy we showed that the decrease of synaptic current results in spike death through depressing the feedback of sodium ionic current in the networks with spike death property the degree of synchronization is lower and unsensitive to the heterogeneity of neurons the mechanism of the influence is that the transition of neuron state disrupts the adjustment of the rhythm of neuron oscillation and prevents further increase of firing synchronization
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711.1261
Who's talking first? Consensus or lack thereof in coevolving opinion formation models
We investigate different opinion formation models on adaptive network topologies. Depending on the dynamical process, rewiring can either (i) lead to the elimination of interactions between agents in different states, and accelerate the convergence to a consensus state or break the network in non-interacting groups or (ii) counter-intuitively, favor the existence of diverse interacting groups for exponentially long times. The mean-field analysis allows to elucidate the mechanisms at play. Strikingly, allowing the interacting agents to bear more than one opinion at the same time drastically changes the model's behavior and leads to fast consensus.
physics.soc-ph
we investigate different opinion formation models on adaptive network topologies depending on the dynamical process rewiring can either i lead to the elimination of interactions between agents in different states and accelerate the convergence to a consensus state or break the network in noninteracting groups or ii counterintuitively favor the existence of diverse interacting groups for exponentially long times the meanfield analysis allows to elucidate the mechanisms at play strikingly allowing the interacting agents to bear more than one opinion at the same time drastically changes the models behavior and leads to fast consensus
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711.1262
Inductive Methods and zero-sum free sequences
We obtain a decidability result for the Davenport constant.
math.NT math.CO
we obtain a decidability result for the davenport constant
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711.1263
Study of Intrinsic Spin Hall Effect and Orbital Hall Effect in 4d- and 5d- Transition Metals
We study the intrinsic spin Hall conductivity (SHC) in various $5d$-transition metals (Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, and Au) and 4d-transition metals (Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, and Ag) based on the Naval Research Laboratory tight-binding model, which enables us to perform quantitatively reliable analysis. In each metal, the obtained intrinsic SHC is independent of resistivity in the low resistive regime ($\rho < 50 \mu\Omega\text{cm}$) whereas it decreases in proportion to $\rho^{-2}$ in the high resistive regime. In the low resistive regime, the SHC takes a large positive value in Pt and Pd, both of which have approximately nine $d$-electrons per ion ($n_d=9$). On the other hand, the SHC takes a large negative value in Ta, Nb, W, and Mo where $n_d<5$. In transition metals, a conduction electron acquires the trajectory-dependent phase factor that originates from the atomic wavefunction. This phase factor, which is reminiscent of the Aharonov-Bohm phase, is the origin of the SHC in paramagnetic metals and that of the anomalous Hall conductivity in ferromagnetic metals. Furthermore, each transition metal shows huge and positive $d$-orbital Hall conductivity (OHC), independently of the strength of the spin-orbit interaction (SOI). Since the OHC is much larger than the SHC, it will be possible to realize a {\it orbitronics device} made of transition metals.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mes-hall
we study the intrinsic spin hall conductivity shc in various 5dtransition metals ta w re os ir pt and au and 4dtransition metals nb mo tc ru rh pd and ag based on the naval research laboratory tightbinding model which enables us to perform quantitatively reliable analysis in each metal the obtained intrinsic shc is independent of resistivity in the low resistive regime rho 50 muomegatextcm whereas it decreases in proportion to rho2 in the high resistive regime in the low resistive regime the shc takes a large positive value in pt and pd both of which have approximately nine delectrons per ion n_d9 on the other hand the shc takes a large negative value in ta nb w and mo where n_d5 in transition metals a conduction electron acquires the trajectorydependent phase factor that originates from the atomic wavefunction this phase factor which is reminiscent of the aharonovbohm phase is the origin of the shc in paramagnetic metals and that of the anomalous hall conductivity in ferromagnetic metals furthermore each transition metal shows huge and positive dorbital hall conductivity ohc independently of the strength of the spinorbit interaction soi since the ohc is much larger than the shc it will be possible to realize a it orbitronics device made of transition metals
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711.1264
Conversion of Dark matter axions to photons in magnetospheres of neutron stars
We propose a new method to detect observational appearance of Dark Matter axions. The method utilizes observations of neutron stars (NSs) in radio. It is based on the conversion of axions to photons in strong magnetic fields of NSs (Primakoff effect). Whether the conversion takes place, the radio spectrum of the object would have a very distinctive feature -- a narrow spike at a frequency corresponding to the rest mass of the axion. For example, if the coupling constant of the photon-axion interaction is $M=10^{10}$ GeV, the density of Dark Matter axions is $\rho=10^{-24} {\rm g cm^{-3}}$, and the axion mass is $5 {\rm \mu eV}$, then a flux from a strongly magnetized ($10^{14}$ G) NS at the distance 300 pc from the Sun is expected to be about few tenths of mJy at the frequency $\approx 1200$ MHz in the bandwidth $\approx 3$ MHz. Close-by X-ray dim isolated neutron stars are proposed as good candidates to look for such radio emission.
astro-ph
we propose a new method to detect observational appearance of dark matter axions the method utilizes observations of neutron stars nss in radio it is based on the conversion of axions to photons in strong magnetic fields of nss primakoff effect whether the conversion takes place the radio spectrum of the object would have a very distinctive feature a narrow spike at a frequency corresponding to the rest mass of the axion for example if the coupling constant of the photonaxion interaction is m1010 gev the density of dark matter axions is rho1024 rm g cm3 and the axion mass is 5 rm mu ev then a flux from a strongly magnetized 1014 g ns at the distance 300 pc from the sun is expected to be about few tenths of mjy at the frequency approx 1200 mhz in the bandwidth approx 3 mhz closeby xray dim isolated neutron stars are proposed as good candidates to look for such radio emission
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711.1265
An Asymptotic Formalism for Reconstructing Small Perturbations of Scatterers from Electric or Acoustic Far-Field Measurements
We consider the problem of determining the boundary perturbations of an object from far-field electric or acoustic measurements. Assuming that the unknown object boundary is a small perturbation of a circle, we develop a linearized relation between the far-field data that result from fixed Dirichlet boundary conditions, entering as parameters, and the shape of the object, entering as variables. This relation is used to find the Fourier coefficients of the perturbation of the shape and makes use of an expansion of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator.
math.CA math.GM
we consider the problem of determining the boundary perturbations of an object from farfield electric or acoustic measurements assuming that the unknown object boundary is a small perturbation of a circle we develop a linearized relation between the farfield data that result from fixed dirichlet boundary conditions entering as parameters and the shape of the object entering as variables this relation is used to find the fourier coefficients of the perturbation of the shape and makes use of an expansion of the dirichlettoneumann operator
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711.1266
Magnetic monopoles in the high temperature phase of Yang-Mills theories
We investigate the properties of thermal abelian magnetic monopoles in the high temperature phase of Yang--Mills theories, following a recent proposal for their identification on lattice configurations. The study is done for SU(2) pure gauge theory, for temperatures going up to about 10 times the deconfining temperature and using the Maximal Abelian gauge to perform the abelian projection. We find that the monopole density has a well defined continuum limit. Its temperature dependence disagrees with a free particle gas prediction and is instead well described by a $T^3/(\log (T/\Lambda))^\alpha$ behaviour in all the explored range, with $\alpha \sim 2$ and $\Lambda \sim 100$ MeV. Also the study of spatial correlations of thermal monopoles shows the presence of non-trivial interactions among them. Finally, we discuss the gauge dependence of our results, showing that it is significant and that, even within the Maximal Abelian gauge, Gribov copy effects are important.
hep-lat hep-ph
we investigate the properties of thermal abelian magnetic monopoles in the high temperature phase of yangmills theories following a recent proposal for their identification on lattice configurations the study is done for su2 pure gauge theory for temperatures going up to about 10 times the deconfining temperature and using the maximal abelian gauge to perform the abelian projection we find that the monopole density has a well defined continuum limit its temperature dependence disagrees with a free particle gas prediction and is instead well described by a t3log tlambdaalpha behaviour in all the explored range with alpha sim 2 and lambda sim 100 mev also the study of spatial correlations of thermal monopoles shows the presence of nontrivial interactions among them finally we discuss the gauge dependence of our results showing that it is significant and that even within the maximal abelian gauge gribov copy effects are important
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711.1267
Magnetic field structures of galaxies derived from analysis of Faraday rotation measures, and perspectives for the SKA
The forthcoming new-generation radio telescope SKA (Square Kilometre Array) and its precursors will provide a rapidly growing number of polarized radio sources. Our analysis aims on what can be learned from these sources concerning the structure and evolution of magnetic fields of external galaxies. Recognition of magnetic structures is possible from Faraday rotation measures (${\rm RM}$) towards background sources behind galaxies. We construct models for the ionized gas and magnetic field patterns of different azimuthal symmetry (axisymmetric, bisymmetric and quadrisymmetric spiral, and superpositions) plus a halo magnetic field. $\RM$ fluctuations with a Kolmogorov spectrum due to turbulent fields and/or fluctuations in ionized gas density are superimposed. Assuming extrapolated number density counts of polarized sources, we generate a sample of $\RM$ values within the solid angle of the galaxy. Applying various templates, we derive the minimum number of background sources and the minimum quality of the observations. For a large number of sources, reconstruction of the field structure without precognition becomes possible. Any large-scale regular component of the magnetic field can be clearly recognized from $\RM$ data with help of the $\chi^2$ criterium. Under favourite conditions, about a few dozens of polarized sources are sufficient for a reliable result.
astro-ph
the forthcoming newgeneration radio telescope ska square kilometre array and its precursors will provide a rapidly growing number of polarized radio sources our analysis aims on what can be learned from these sources concerning the structure and evolution of magnetic fields of external galaxies recognition of magnetic structures is possible from faraday rotation measures rm rm towards background sources behind galaxies we construct models for the ionized gas and magnetic field patterns of different azimuthal symmetry axisymmetric bisymmetric and quadrisymmetric spiral and superpositions plus a halo magnetic field rm fluctuations with a kolmogorov spectrum due to turbulent fields andor fluctuations in ionized gas density are superimposed assuming extrapolated number density counts of polarized sources we generate a sample of rm values within the solid angle of the galaxy applying various templates we derive the minimum number of background sources and the minimum quality of the observations for a large number of sources reconstruction of the field structure without precognition becomes possible any largescale regular component of the magnetic field can be clearly recognized from rm data with help of the chi2 criterium under favourite conditions about a few dozens of polarized sources are sufficient for a reliable result
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711.1268
Characterization of optimal Transport Plans for the Monge-Kantorovich-Problem
We prove that $c$-cyclically monotone transport plans $\pi$ optimize the Monge-Kantorovich transportation problem under an additional measurability condition. This measurability condition is always satisfied for finitely valued, lower semi-continuous cost functions. In particular, this yields a positive answer to Problem 2.25 in C. Villani's book. We emphasize that we do not need any regularity conditions as were imposed in the previous literature.
math.OC math.FA
we prove that ccyclically monotone transport plans pi optimize the mongekantorovich transportation problem under an additional measurability condition this measurability condition is always satisfied for finitely valued lower semicontinuous cost functions in particular this yields a positive answer to problem 225 in c villanis book we emphasize that we do not need any regularity conditions as were imposed in the previous literature
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711.1269
Fair Scheduling in OFDMA-based Wireless Systems with QoS Constraints
In this work we consider the problem of downlink resource allocation for proportional fairness of long term received rates of data users and quality of service for real time sessions in an OFDMA-based wireless system. The base station allocates available power and bandwidth to individual users based on long term average received rates, QoS based rate constraints and channel conditions. We solve the underlying constrained optimization problem and propose an algorithm that achieves the optimal allocation. Numerical evaluation results show that the proposed algorithm provides better QoS to voice and video sessions while providing more and fair rates to data users in comparison with existing schemes.
cs.NI
in this work we consider the problem of downlink resource allocation for proportional fairness of long term received rates of data users and quality of service for real time sessions in an ofdmabased wireless system the base station allocates available power and bandwidth to individual users based on long term average received rates qos based rate constraints and channel conditions we solve the underlying constrained optimization problem and propose an algorithm that achieves the optimal allocation numerical evaluation results show that the proposed algorithm provides better qos to voice and video sessions while providing more and fair rates to data users in comparison with existing schemes
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711.127
Polarization buildup by spin filtering in storage rings
There has been much recent research into polarizing an antiproton beam, instigated by the recent proposal from the PAX (Polarized Antiproton eXperiment) project at GSI Darmstadt. It plans to polarize an antiproton beam by repeated interaction with a polarized internal target in a storage ring. The method of polarization buildup by spin filtering requires many of the beam particles to remain within the ring after scattering off the polarized internal target via electromagnetic and hadronic interactions. Sets of differential equations which describe the buildup of polarization by spin filtering in many different scenarios have recently been presented and solved. In this paper we add to this literature by investigating a scenario where unpolarized particles are input into the beam at a linearly increasing rate, i.e. the input rate is ramped up.
hep-ph
there has been much recent research into polarizing an antiproton beam instigated by the recent proposal from the pax polarized antiproton experiment project at gsi darmstadt it plans to polarize an antiproton beam by repeated interaction with a polarized internal target in a storage ring the method of polarization buildup by spin filtering requires many of the beam particles to remain within the ring after scattering off the polarized internal target via electromagnetic and hadronic interactions sets of differential equations which describe the buildup of polarization by spin filtering in many different scenarios have recently been presented and solved in this paper we add to this literature by investigating a scenario where unpolarized particles are input into the beam at a linearly increasing rate ie the input rate is ramped up
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711.1271
The Path-Star Transformation and its Effects on Complex Networks
A good deal of the connectivity of complex networks can be characterized in terms of their constituent paths and hubs. For instance, the Barab\'asi-Albert model is known to incorporate a significative number of hubs and relatively short paths. On the other hand, the Watts-Strogatz model is underlain by a long path and almost complete absence of hubs. The present work investigates how the topology of complex networks changes when a path is transformed into a star (or, for long paths, a hub). Such a transformation keeps the number of nodes and does not increase the number of edges in the network, but has potential for greatly changing the network topology. Several interesting results are reported with respect to Erdos-R\'enyi, Barab\'asi-Albert and Watts-Strogats models, including the unexpected finding that the diameter and average shortest path length of the former type of networks are little affected by the path-star transformation. In addition to providing insight about the organization of complex networks, such transformations are also potentially useful for improving specific aspects of the network connectivity, e.g. average shortest path length as required for expedite communication between nodes.
physics.soc-ph cond-mat.dis-nn physics.comp-ph
a good deal of the connectivity of complex networks can be characterized in terms of their constituent paths and hubs for instance the barabasialbert model is known to incorporate a significative number of hubs and relatively short paths on the other hand the wattsstrogatz model is underlain by a long path and almost complete absence of hubs the present work investigates how the topology of complex networks changes when a path is transformed into a star or for long paths a hub such a transformation keeps the number of nodes and does not increase the number of edges in the network but has potential for greatly changing the network topology several interesting results are reported with respect to erdosrenyi barabasialbert and wattsstrogats models including the unexpected finding that the diameter and average shortest path length of the former type of networks are little affected by the pathstar transformation in addition to providing insight about the organization of complex networks such transformations are also potentially useful for improving specific aspects of the network connectivity eg average shortest path length as required for expedite communication between nodes
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711.1272
How close are the option pricing formulas of Bachelier and Black-Merton-Scholes?
We compare the option pricing formulas of Louis Bachelier and Black-Merton-Scholes and observe -- theoretically as well as for Bachelier's original data -- that the prices coincide very well. We illustrate Louis Bachelier's efforts to obtain applicable formulas for option pricing in pre-computer time. Furthermore we explain -- by simple methods from chaos expansion -- why Bachelier's model yields good short-time approximations of prices and volatilities.
q-fin.PR math.HO math.PR
we compare the option pricing formulas of louis bachelier and blackmertonscholes and observe theoretically as well as for bacheliers original data that the prices coincide very well we illustrate louis bacheliers efforts to obtain applicable formulas for option pricing in precomputer time furthermore we explain by simple methods from chaos expansion why bacheliers model yields good shorttime approximations of prices and volatilities
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711.1273
Practical Resource Allocation Algorithms for QoS in OFDMA-based Wireless Systems
In this work we propose an efficient resource allocation algorithm for OFDMA based wireless systems supporting heterogeneous traffic. The proposed algorithm provides proportionally fairness to data users and short term rate guarantees to real-time users. Based on the QoS requirements, buffer occupancy and channel conditions, we propose a scheme for rate requirement determination for delay constrained sessions. Then we formulate and solve the proportional fair rate allocation problem subject to those rate requirements and power/bandwidth constraints. Simulations results show that the proposed algorithm provides significant improvement with respect to the benchmark algorithm.
cs.NI
in this work we propose an efficient resource allocation algorithm for ofdma based wireless systems supporting heterogeneous traffic the proposed algorithm provides proportionally fairness to data users and short term rate guarantees to realtime users based on the qos requirements buffer occupancy and channel conditions we propose a scheme for rate requirement determination for delay constrained sessions then we formulate and solve the proportional fair rate allocation problem subject to those rate requirements and powerbandwidth constraints simulations results show that the proposed algorithm provides significant improvement with respect to the benchmark algorithm
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711.1274
Identification of black hole power spectral components across all canonical states
From a uniform analysis of a large (8.5 Ms) Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer data set of Low Mass X-ray Binaries, we present a complete identification of all the variability components in the power spectra of black holes in their canonical states. It is based on gradual frequency shifts of the components observed between states, and uses a previous identification in the black hole low hard state as a starting point. It is supported by correlations between the frequencies in agreement with those previously found to hold for black hole and neutron stars. Similar variability components are observed in neutron stars and black holes (only the component observed at the highest frequencies is different) which therefore cannot depend on source-specific characteristics such as the magnetic field or surface of the neutron star or spin of the black hole. As the same variability components are also observed across the jet-line the X-ray variability cannot originate from the outer-jet but is most likely produced in either the disk or the corona. We use the identification to directly compare the difference in strength of the black hole and neutron star variability and find these can be attributed to differences in frequency and strength of high frequency features, and do not require the absence of any components. Black holes attain their highest frequencies (in the hard-intermediate and very-high states) at a level a factor ~6 below the highest frequencies attained by the corresponding neutron star components, which can be related to the mass difference between the compact objects in these systems.
astro-ph
from a uniform analysis of a large 85 ms rossi xray timing explorer data set of low mass xray binaries we present a complete identification of all the variability components in the power spectra of black holes in their canonical states it is based on gradual frequency shifts of the components observed between states and uses a previous identification in the black hole low hard state as a starting point it is supported by correlations between the frequencies in agreement with those previously found to hold for black hole and neutron stars similar variability components are observed in neutron stars and black holes only the component observed at the highest frequencies is different which therefore cannot depend on sourcespecific characteristics such as the magnetic field or surface of the neutron star or spin of the black hole as the same variability components are also observed across the jetline the xray variability cannot originate from the outerjet but is most likely produced in either the disk or the corona we use the identification to directly compare the difference in strength of the black hole and neutron star variability and find these can be attributed to differences in frequency and strength of high frequency features and do not require the absence of any components black holes attain their highest frequencies in the hardintermediate and veryhigh states at a level a factor 6 below the highest frequencies attained by the corresponding neutron star components which can be related to the mass difference between the compact objects in these systems
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711.1275
Halo phenomenon in finite many-fermion systems. Atom-positron complexes and large-scale study of atomic nuclei
The analysis method proposed in Ref. \cite{rotival07a} is applied to characterize halo properties in finite many-fermion systems. First, the versatility of the method is highlighted by applying it to light and medium-mass nuclei as well as to atom-positron and ion-positronium complexes. Second, the dependence of nuclear halo properties on the characteristics of the energy density functional used in self-consistent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations is studied. It is found that (a) the low-density behavior of the pairing functional and the regularization/renormalization scheme must be chosen coherently and with care to provide meaningful predictions, (b) the impact of pairing correlations on halo properties is significant and is the result of two competing effects, (c) the detailed characteristics of the pairing functional has however only little importance, (d) halo properties depend significantly on any ingredient of the energy density functional that influences the location of single-particle levels; i.e. the effective mass, the tensor terms and the saturation density of nuclear matter. The latter dependencies give insights to how experimental data on medium-mass drip-line nuclei can be used in the distant future to constrain some characteristics of the nuclear energy density functional. Last but not least, large scale predictions of halos among all spherical even-even nuclei are performed using specific sets of particle-hole and particle-particle energy functionals. It is shown that halos in the ground state of medium-mass nuclei will only be found at the very limit of neutron stability and for a limited number of elements.
nucl-th nucl-ex
the analysis method proposed in ref citerotival07a is applied to characterize halo properties in finite manyfermion systems first the versatility of the method is highlighted by applying it to light and mediummass nuclei as well as to atompositron and ionpositronium complexes second the dependence of nuclear halo properties on the characteristics of the energy density functional used in selfconsistent hartreefockbogoliubov calculations is studied it is found that a the lowdensity behavior of the pairing functional and the regularizationrenormalization scheme must be chosen coherently and with care to provide meaningful predictions b the impact of pairing correlations on halo properties is significant and is the result of two competing effects c the detailed characteristics of the pairing functional has however only little importance d halo properties depend significantly on any ingredient of the energy density functional that influences the location of singleparticle levels ie the effective mass the tensor terms and the saturation density of nuclear matter the latter dependencies give insights to how experimental data on mediummass dripline nuclei can be used in the distant future to constrain some characteristics of the nuclear energy density functional last but not least large scale predictions of halos among all spherical eveneven nuclei are performed using specific sets of particlehole and particleparticle energy functionals it is shown that halos in the ground state of mediummass nuclei will only be found at the very limit of neutron stability and for a limited number of elements
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711.1276
DNS of the kappa-mechanism. I. Radial modes in the purely radiative case
Context: Hydrodynamical model of the kappa-mechanism in a purely radiative case. Aims: First, to determine the physical conditions propitious to kappa-mechanism in a layer with a configurable conductivity hollow and second, to perform the (nonlinear) direct numerical simulations (DNS) from the most favourable setups. Methods: A linear stability analysis applied to radial modes using a spectral solver and DNS thanks to a high-order finite difference code are compared. Results: Changing the hollow properties (location and shape) lead to well-defined instability strips. For a given position in the layer, the amplitude and width of the hollow appear to be the key parameters to get unstable modes driven by kappa-mechanism. The DNS achieved from these more auspicious configurations confirm the growth rates as well as structures of linearly unstable modes. The nonlinear saturation follows through intricate couplings between the excited fundamental mode and higher damped overtones.
astro-ph
context hydrodynamical model of the kappamechanism in a purely radiative case aims first to determine the physical conditions propitious to kappamechanism in a layer with a configurable conductivity hollow and second to perform the nonlinear direct numerical simulations dns from the most favourable setups methods a linear stability analysis applied to radial modes using a spectral solver and dns thanks to a highorder finite difference code are compared results changing the hollow properties location and shape lead to welldefined instability strips for a given position in the layer the amplitude and width of the hollow appear to be the key parameters to get unstable modes driven by kappamechanism the dns achieved from these more auspicious configurations confirm the growth rates as well as structures of linearly unstable modes the nonlinear saturation follows through intricate couplings between the excited fundamental mode and higher damped overtones
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711.1277
Hecke operators and Hilbert modular forms
Let F be a real quadratic field with ring of integers O and with class number 1. Let Gamma be a congruence subgroup of GL_2 (O). We describe a technique to compute the action of the Hecke operators on the cohomology H^3 (Gamma; C). For F real quadratic this cohomology group contains the cuspidal cohomology corresponding to cuspidal Hilbert modular forms of parallel weight 2. Hence this technique gives a way to compute the Hecke action on these Hilbert modular forms.
math.NT
let f be a real quadratic field with ring of integers o and with class number 1 let gamma be a congruence subgroup of gl_2 o we describe a technique to compute the action of the hecke operators on the cohomology h3 gamma c for f real quadratic this cohomology group contains the cuspidal cohomology corresponding to cuspidal hilbert modular forms of parallel weight 2 hence this technique gives a way to compute the hecke action on these hilbert modular forms
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711.1278
Gauge invariance and renormalization-group effects in transverse-momentum dependent parton distribution functions
A range of issues pertaining to the use of Wilson lines in integrated and transverse-momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDF) is discussed. The relation between gauge invariance and the renormalization properties of the Wilson-line integrals is given particular attention. Using an anomalous-dimensions based analysis in the light-cone gauge, a generalized definition of the TMD PDFs is proposed, which employs a cusped Wilson line, and contains an intrinsic "Coulomb-like" phase.
hep-ph
a range of issues pertaining to the use of wilson lines in integrated and transversemomentum dependent tmd parton distribution functions pdf is discussed the relation between gauge invariance and the renormalization properties of the wilsonline integrals is given particular attention using an anomalousdimensions based analysis in the lightcone gauge a generalized definition of the tmd pdfs is proposed which employs a cusped wilson line and contains an intrinsic coulomblike phase
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711.1279
Geodesic motion in the neighbourhood of submanifolds embedded in warped product spaces
We study the classical geodesic motions of nonzero rest mass test particles and photons in (3+1+n)- dimensional warped product spaces. An important feature of these spaces is that they allow a natural decoupling between the motions in the (3+1)-dimensional spacetime and those in the extra n dimensions. Using this decoupling and employing phase space analysis we investigate the conditions for confinement of particles and photons to the (3+1)- spacetime submanifold. In addition to providing information regarding the motion of photons, we also show that these motions are not constrained by the value of the extrinsic curvature. We obtain the general conditions for the confinement of geodesics in the case of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds as well as establishing the conditions for the stability of such confinement. These results also generalise a recent result of the authors concerning the embeddings of hypersurfaces with codimension one.
gr-qc
we study the classical geodesic motions of nonzero rest mass test particles and photons in 31n dimensional warped product spaces an important feature of these spaces is that they allow a natural decoupling between the motions in the 31dimensional spacetime and those in the extra n dimensions using this decoupling and employing phase space analysis we investigate the conditions for confinement of particles and photons to the 31 spacetime submanifold in addition to providing information regarding the motion of photons we also show that these motions are not constrained by the value of the extrinsic curvature we obtain the general conditions for the confinement of geodesics in the case of pseudoriemannian manifolds as well as establishing the conditions for the stability of such confinement these results also generalise a recent result of the authors concerning the embeddings of hypersurfaces with codimension one
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711.128
The classical pion field in a nucleus
A self-consistent symmetry arises when the nucleon angular momentum j and the isospin t are coupled to a grand spin G. Closed G shells become sources of a classical pion field with a hedgehog shape. Although the amplitude of the pion field, as measured by the chiral angle, is small, it is found to perturb significantly the energies of the nucleon orbits.
nucl-th
a selfconsistent symmetry arises when the nucleon angular momentum j and the isospin t are coupled to a grand spin g closed g shells become sources of a classical pion field with a hedgehog shape although the amplitude of the pion field as measured by the chiral angle is small it is found to perturb significantly the energies of the nucleon orbits
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711.1281
Hydrostatic equilibrium of a porous intracluster medium: implications for mass fraction and X-ray luminosity
The presence of dilute hot cavities in the intracluster medium (ICM) at the cores of clusters of galaxies changes the relation between gas temperature and its X-ray emission properties. Using the hydrostatic equations of a porous medium we solve for the ICM density for a given temperature as a function of the filling factor of dilute bubbles. We find that at a given temperature, the core X-ray luminosity increases with the filling factor. If the frequency of AGNs in clusters were higher in the past, then the filling factor could correspondingly be significant, with implications for the cluster scaling relations at high redshifts. This is especially important for the core properties, including the temperature-luminosity ($L_X-T$) relation and estimates of the core gas mass. The results imply an epoch-dependent sensitivity of the $L_X-T$ relation in the core to the porosity of the ICM. Detection of such an effect would give new insights into AGN feedback.
astro-ph
the presence of dilute hot cavities in the intracluster medium icm at the cores of clusters of galaxies changes the relation between gas temperature and its xray emission properties using the hydrostatic equations of a porous medium we solve for the icm density for a given temperature as a function of the filling factor of dilute bubbles we find that at a given temperature the core xray luminosity increases with the filling factor if the frequency of agns in clusters were higher in the past then the filling factor could correspondingly be significant with implications for the cluster scaling relations at high redshifts this is especially important for the core properties including the temperatureluminosity l_xt relation and estimates of the core gas mass the results imply an epochdependent sensitivity of the l_xt relation in the core to the porosity of the icm detection of such an effect would give new insights into agn feedback
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711.1282
Calculations of the Efficiency of Registration of Thermal Neutrons by Complex Converters Constructed on the Basis of Gadolinium Foils
We consider the results of modeling of the efficiency of registration of thermal neutrons by the converters, which are made from natural gadolinium and its 157 isotope foils. Efficiency for a case of falling of neutrons under various angles to a plane of converters is calculated. It is shown, that at small angles of falling of neutrons to a plane of converters it is possible to receive the efficiency of registration close to a theoretical limit. Efficiency of the complex converter made of kapton supporting film with gadolinium converters layered on both its sides is considered. All calculations are carried out for four fixed neutron energies, which correspond to the wavelengths of 1, 1.8, 3 and 4 $\AA$.
physics.ins-det nucl-ex nucl-th
we consider the results of modeling of the efficiency of registration of thermal neutrons by the converters which are made from natural gadolinium and its 157 isotope foils efficiency for a case of falling of neutrons under various angles to a plane of converters is calculated it is shown that at small angles of falling of neutrons to a plane of converters it is possible to receive the efficiency of registration close to a theoretical limit efficiency of the complex converter made of kapton supporting film with gadolinium converters layered on both its sides is considered all calculations are carried out for four fixed neutron energies which correspond to the wavelengths of 1 18 3 and 4 aa
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711.1283
Erratum: Luminosity function, sizes and FR dichotomy of radio-loud AGN
This erratum corrects a number of formulae containing mistakes in the paper 'Luminosity function, sizes and FR dichotomy of radio-loud AGN', 2007, MNRAS, v. 381, p.1548. The corrections do not alter any of the conclusions in the original paper.
astro-ph
this erratum corrects a number of formulae containing mistakes in the paper luminosity function sizes and fr dichotomy of radioloud agn 2007 mnras v 381 p1548 the corrections do not alter any of the conclusions in the original paper
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711.1284
The complete LQG propagator: II. Asymptotic behavior of the vertex
In a previous article we have show that there are difficulties in obtaining the correct graviton propagator from the loop-quantum-gravity dynamics defined by the Barrett-Crane vertex amplitude. Here we show that a vertex amplitude that depends nontrivially on the intertwiners can yield the correct propagator. We give an explicit example of asymptotic behavior of a vertex amplitude that gives the correct full graviton propagator in the large distance limit.
gr-qc
in a previous article we have show that there are difficulties in obtaining the correct graviton propagator from the loopquantumgravity dynamics defined by the barrettcrane vertex amplitude here we show that a vertex amplitude that depends nontrivially on the intertwiners can yield the correct propagator we give an explicit example of asymptotic behavior of a vertex amplitude that gives the correct full graviton propagator in the large distance limit
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711.1285
A classification of spherical symmetric CR manifolds
In this paper we classify the simply connected, spherical pseudohermitian manifolds whose Webster metric is CR-symmetric.
math.DG
in this paper we classify the simply connected spherical pseudohermitian manifolds whose webster metric is crsymmetric
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711.1286
A Conformal de Rham Complex
We introduce the notion of a conformal de Rham complex of a Riemannian manifold. This is a graded differential Banach algebra and it is invariant under quasiconformal maps, in particular the associated cohomology is a new quasiconformal invariant.
math.CV math.DG
we introduce the notion of a conformal de rham complex of a riemannian manifold this is a graded differential banach algebra and it is invariant under quasiconformal maps in particular the associated cohomology is a new quasiconformal invariant
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711.1287
Study of Micro Pixel Photon Counters for a high granularity scintillator-based hadron calorimeter
A new Geiger mode avalanche photodiode, the Micro Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC), was recently released by Hamamatsu. It has a high photo-detection efficiency in the 420 nm spectral region. This product can represent an elegant candidate for the design of a high granularity scintillator based hadron calorimeter for the International Linear Collider. In fact, the direct readout of the blue scintillation photons with a MPPC is a feasible techological solution. The readout of a plastic scintillator by a MPPC, both mediated by the traditional wavelength shifting fiber, and directly coupled, has been systematically studied.
physics.ins-det
a new geiger mode avalanche photodiode the micro pixel photon counter mppc was recently released by hamamatsu it has a high photodetection efficiency in the 420 nm spectral region this product can represent an elegant candidate for the design of a high granularity scintillator based hadron calorimeter for the international linear collider in fact the direct readout of the blue scintillation photons with a mppc is a feasible techological solution the readout of a plastic scintillator by a mppc both mediated by the traditional wavelength shifting fiber and directly coupled has been systematically studied
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711.1288
Review on qudits production and their application to Quantum Communication and Studies on Local Realism
The codification in higher dimensional Hilbert Spaces (whose logical basis states are dubbed qudits in analogy with bidimensional qubits) presents various advantages both for Quantum Information applications and for studies on Foundations of Quantum Mechanics. Purpose of this review is to introduce qudits, to summarize their application to Quantum Communication and researches on Local Realism and, finally, to describe some recent experiment for realizing them. A Little more in details: after a short introduction, we will consider the advantages of testing local realism with qudits, discussing both the 3-4 dimensional case (both for maximally and non-maximally entanglement) and then the extension to an arbitrary dimension. Afterwards, we will discuss the theoretical results on using qudits for quantum communication, epitomizing the outcomes on a larger security in Quantum Key Distribution protocols (again considering separately qutrits, ququats and generalization to arbitrary dimension). Finally, we will present the experiments performed up to now for producing quantum optical qudits and their applications. In particular, we will mention schemes based on interferometric set-ups, orbital angular momentum entanglement and biphoton polarization. Finally, we will summarize what hyperentanglement is and its applications.
quant-ph
the codification in higher dimensional hilbert spaces whose logical basis states are dubbed qudits in analogy with bidimensional qubits presents various advantages both for quantum information applications and for studies on foundations of quantum mechanics purpose of this review is to introduce qudits to summarize their application to quantum communication and researches on local realism and finally to describe some recent experiment for realizing them a little more in details after a short introduction we will consider the advantages of testing local realism with qudits discussing both the 34 dimensional case both for maximally and nonmaximally entanglement and then the extension to an arbitrary dimension afterwards we will discuss the theoretical results on using qudits for quantum communication epitomizing the outcomes on a larger security in quantum key distribution protocols again considering separately qutrits ququats and generalization to arbitrary dimension finally we will present the experiments performed up to now for producing quantum optical qudits and their applications in particular we will mention schemes based on interferometric setups orbital angular momentum entanglement and biphoton polarization finally we will summarize what hyperentanglement is and its applications
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711.1289
Deep Chandra Monitoring Observations of NGC 3379: Catalog of Source Properties
We present the properties of the discrete X-ray sources detected in our monitoring program of the `typical' elliptical galaxy, NGC 3379, observed with Chandra ACIS-S in five separate pointings, resulting in a co-added exposure of 324-ks. From this deep observation, 132 sources have been detected within the region overlapped by all observations, 98 of which lie within the D25 ellipse of the galaxy. These 132 sources range in Lx from 6E35 erg/s (with 3sigma upper limit <4E36 erg/s) to ~2E39 erg/s, including one source with Lx>1E39 erg/s, which has been classified as a ULX. From optical data, 10 X-ray sources have been determined to be coincident with a globular cluster, these sources tend to have high X-ray luminosity, with three of these sources exhibiting Lx> 1E38 erg/s. From X-ray source photometry, it has been determined that the majority of the 132 sources that have well constrained colors, have values that are consistent with typical LMXB spectra. Additionally to this, a sub-population of 10 sources has been found to exhibit very hard spectra and it is expected that most of these sources are absorbed background AGN. There are 64 sources in this population that exhibit long-term variability, indicating that they are accreting compact objects. Five of these sources have been identified as transient candidates, with a further 3 possible transients. Spectral variations have also been identified in the majority of the source population, where a diverse range of variability has been identified, indicating that there are many different source classes located within this galaxy.
astro-ph
we present the properties of the discrete xray sources detected in our monitoring program of the typical elliptical galaxy ngc 3379 observed with chandra aciss in five separate pointings resulting in a coadded exposure of 324ks from this deep observation 132 sources have been detected within the region overlapped by all observations 98 of which lie within the d25 ellipse of the galaxy these 132 sources range in lx from 6e35 ergs with 3sigma upper limit 4e36 ergs to 2e39 ergs including one source with lx1e39 ergs which has been classified as a ulx from optical data 10 xray sources have been determined to be coincident with a globular cluster these sources tend to have high xray luminosity with three of these sources exhibiting lx 1e38 ergs from xray source photometry it has been determined that the majority of the 132 sources that have well constrained colors have values that are consistent with typical lmxb spectra additionally to this a subpopulation of 10 sources has been found to exhibit very hard spectra and it is expected that most of these sources are absorbed background agn there are 64 sources in this population that exhibit longterm variability indicating that they are accreting compact objects five of these sources have been identified as transient candidates with a further 3 possible transients spectral variations have also been identified in the majority of the source population where a diverse range of variability has been identified indicating that there are many different source classes located within this galaxy
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711.129
Conception individuelle et collective. Approche de l'ergonomie cognitive [Individual and Collective Design. The Cognitive-Ergonomics Approach]
This text presents the cognitive-ergonomics approach to design, in both its individual and collective form. It focuses on collective design with respect to individual design. The theoretical framework adopted is that of information processing, specified for design problems. The cognitive characteristics of design problems are presented: the effects of their ill-defined character and of the different types of representation implemented in solving these problems, amongst others the more or less "satisficing" character of the different possible solutions. The text first describes the cognitive activities implemented in both individual and collective design: different types of control activities and of the executive activities of solution development and evaluation. Specific collective-design characteristics are then presented: co-design and distributed-design activities, temporo-operative and cognitive synchronisation, and different types of argumentation, of co-designers' intervention modes in the design process, of solution-proposals evaluation. The paper concludes by a confrontation between the two types of design, individual and collective.
cs.OH
this text presents the cognitiveergonomics approach to design in both its individual and collective form it focuses on collective design with respect to individual design the theoretical framework adopted is that of information processing specified for design problems the cognitive characteristics of design problems are presented the effects of their illdefined character and of the different types of representation implemented in solving these problems amongst others the more or less satisficing character of the different possible solutions the text first describes the cognitive activities implemented in both individual and collective design different types of control activities and of the executive activities of solution development and evaluation specific collectivedesign characteristics are then presented codesign and distributeddesign activities temporooperative and cognitive synchronisation and different types of argumentation of codesigners intervention modes in the design process of solutionproposals evaluation the paper concludes by a confrontation between the two types of design individual and collective
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711.1291
Convergence of Singular integrals with general measures
We show that L^2-bounded singular integral in metric spaces with respect to general measures and kernels converge weakly. This implies a kind of average convergence almost everywhere. For measures with zero density we prove the almost everywhere existence of principal values.
math.CA math.FA
we show that l2bounded singular integral in metric spaces with respect to general measures and kernels converge weakly this implies a kind of average convergence almost everywhere for measures with zero density we prove the almost everywhere existence of principal values
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711.1292
Microscopic Derivation of Collective Hamiltonian by Means of the Adiabatic Self-Consistent Collective Coordinate Method
Microscopic dynamics of the oblate-prolate shape coexistence/mixing phenomena in 68Se and 72Kr are studied by means of the adiabatic self-consistent collective coordinate (ASCC) method in conjunction with the pairing-plus-quadrupole (P+Q) Hamiltonian including the quadrupole pairing interaction. Quantum collective Hamiltonian is constructed, and excitation spectra, spectroscopic quadrupole moments and quadrupole transition properties are evaluated. The effect of the time-odd pair field on the collective mass (inertia function) of the large-amplitude vibration and the rotational moments of inertia about three principal axes is evaluated. Basic properties of the shape coexistence/mixing are well reproduced. The calculation indicates that the oblate-prolate shape mixing decreases as the angular momentum increases.
nucl-th
microscopic dynamics of the oblateprolate shape coexistencemixing phenomena in 68se and 72kr are studied by means of the adiabatic selfconsistent collective coordinate ascc method in conjunction with the pairingplusquadrupole pq hamiltonian including the quadrupole pairing interaction quantum collective hamiltonian is constructed and excitation spectra spectroscopic quadrupole moments and quadrupole transition properties are evaluated the effect of the timeodd pair field on the collective mass inertia function of the largeamplitude vibration and the rotational moments of inertia about three principal axes is evaluated basic properties of the shape coexistencemixing are well reproduced the calculation indicates that the oblateprolate shape mixing decreases as the angular momentum increases
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711.1293
The Behavior of Electronic Interferometers in the Non-Linear Regime
We investigate theoretically the behavior of the current oscillations in an electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) as a function of its source bias. Recently, The MZI interference visibility showed an unexplained lobe pattern behavior with a peculiar phase rigidity. Moreover, the effect did not depend on the MZI paths difference. We argue that these effects may be a new many-body manifestation of particle-wave duality of quantum mechanics. When biasing the interferometer sources beyond the linear response regime, quantum shot-noise (a particle phenomena) must affect the interference pattern of the electrons that creates it, as a result from a simple invariance argument. An approximate solution of the interacting Hamiltonian indeed shows that the interference visibility has a lobe pattern with applied bias with a period proportional to the average path length and independent of the paths difference, together with a phase rigidity.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we investigate theoretically the behavior of the current oscillations in an electronic machzehnder interferometer mzi as a function of its source bias recently the mzi interference visibility showed an unexplained lobe pattern behavior with a peculiar phase rigidity moreover the effect did not depend on the mzi paths difference we argue that these effects may be a new manybody manifestation of particlewave duality of quantum mechanics when biasing the interferometer sources beyond the linear response regime quantum shotnoise a particle phenomena must affect the interference pattern of the electrons that creates it as a result from a simple invariance argument an approximate solution of the interacting hamiltonian indeed shows that the interference visibility has a lobe pattern with applied bias with a period proportional to the average path length and independent of the paths difference together with a phase rigidity
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711.1294
Spin Susceptibility of Interacting Two-dimensional Electrons with Anisotropic Effective Mass
We report measurements of the spin susceptibility in dilute (rs up to 10) AlAs two-dimensional (2D) electrons occupying a single conduction-band valley with an anisotropic in-plane Fermi contour, characterized by longitudinal and transverse effective masses, ml and mt. As the density is decreased, the spin susceptibility is significantly enhanced over its band value, reflecting the role of interaction. Yet the enhancement is suppressed compared to the results of quantum Monte Carlo based calculations that take the finite thickness of the electron layer into account but assume an isotropic effective mass equal to sqrt(ml.mt). Proper treatment of an interacting 2D system with an anisotropic effective mass therefore remains a theoretical challenge.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we report measurements of the spin susceptibility in dilute rs up to 10 alas twodimensional 2d electrons occupying a single conductionband valley with an anisotropic inplane fermi contour characterized by longitudinal and transverse effective masses ml and mt as the density is decreased the spin susceptibility is significantly enhanced over its band value reflecting the role of interaction yet the enhancement is suppressed compared to the results of quantum monte carlo based calculations that take the finite thickness of the electron layer into account but assume an isotropic effective mass equal to sqrtmlmt proper treatment of an interacting 2d system with an anisotropic effective mass therefore remains a theoretical challenge
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711.1295
On the performance of Golden space-time trellis coded modulation over MIMO block fading channels
The Golden space-time trellis coded modulation (GST-TCM) scheme was proposed in \cite{Hong06} for a high rate $2\times 2$ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system over slow fading channels. In this letter, we present the performance analysis of GST-TCM over block fading channels, where the channel matrix is constant over a fraction of the codeword length and varies from one fraction to another, independently. In practice, it is not useful to design such codes for specific block fading channel parameters and a robust solution is preferable. We then show both analytically and by simulation that the GST-TCM designed for slow fading channels are indeed robust to all block fading channel conditions.
cs.IT math.IT
the golden spacetime trellis coded modulation gsttcm scheme was proposed in citehong06 for a high rate 2times 2 multipleinput multipleoutput mimo system over slow fading channels in this letter we present the performance analysis of gsttcm over block fading channels where the channel matrix is constant over a fraction of the codeword length and varies from one fraction to another independently in practice it is not useful to design such codes for specific block fading channel parameters and a robust solution is preferable we then show both analytically and by simulation that the gsttcm designed for slow fading channels are indeed robust to all block fading channel conditions
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711.1296
Simple model for transport phenomena : Microscopic construction of Maxwell Demon like engine
We present a microscopic Hamiltonian framework to develop Maxwell demon like engine. Our model consists of a equilibrium thermal bath and a non-equilibrium bath; latter generated by driving with an external stationary, Gaussian noise. The engine we develop, can be considered as a device to extract work by modifying internal fluctuations. Our theoretical analysis focusses on finding the essential ingredients necessary for generating fluctuation induced transport under non-equilibrium condition. An important outcome of our model is that the net motion occurs when the non-linear bath is modulated by the external noise, creating the non-zero effective temperature even when the temperature of both the baths are same.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.soft
we present a microscopic hamiltonian framework to develop maxwell demon like engine our model consists of a equilibrium thermal bath and a nonequilibrium bath latter generated by driving with an external stationary gaussian noise the engine we develop can be considered as a device to extract work by modifying internal fluctuations our theoretical analysis focusses on finding the essential ingredients necessary for generating fluctuation induced transport under nonequilibrium condition an important outcome of our model is that the net motion occurs when the nonlinear bath is modulated by the external noise creating the nonzero effective temperature even when the temperature of both the baths are same
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711.1297
A further look at particle annihilation in dark matter caustics
Dark matter caustics are small scale, high density structures believed to exist in galaxies like ours. If the dark matter consists of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles, these caustics may be detected by means of the gamma rays produced by dark matter particle annihilation. We discuss particle annihilation in outer and inner caustics and provide sky maps of the expected gamma ray distribution.
astro-ph hep-ph
dark matter caustics are small scale high density structures believed to exist in galaxies like ours if the dark matter consists of weakly interacting massive particles these caustics may be detected by means of the gamma rays produced by dark matter particle annihilation we discuss particle annihilation in outer and inner caustics and provide sky maps of the expected gamma ray distribution
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711.1298
Gauge/Gravity Theory with Running Dilaton and Running Axion
We present a new gauge/gravity duality construction of the Klebanov-Strassler throat which takes corrections to the anomalous mass dimension proposed in [1] into account on the gauge theory side and both the dilaton and the axion run on the gravity side. The corresponding supergravity solutions are found using equations for type IIB flows with N=1 supersymmetry obtained in [2]. We find that magnetic couplings of the axion to D7-branes filling 4-d spacetime and wrapping 4-cycles at locations of duality transitions and invisible Dirac 8-branes whose worldvolume emanates from the worldvolume of the D7-branes are the sources for the runnings of the dilaton and the axion. Our construction provides the first explicit example of a gauge/gravity duality mapping with a running dilaton or a running axion which is an important component towards finding gravity duals to gauge theories with physically more interesting renormalization group flows such as pure confining gauge theories in four dimensions. The D7-branes also serve as gravitational source for Seiberg duality transitions. The supergravity background has distinct features which could be useful for constructing cosmological models and studying possibilities for probing stringy signatures from the early universe.
hep-th
we present a new gaugegravity duality construction of the klebanovstrassler throat which takes corrections to the anomalous mass dimension proposed in 1 into account on the gauge theory side and both the dilaton and the axion run on the gravity side the corresponding supergravity solutions are found using equations for type iib flows with n1 supersymmetry obtained in 2 we find that magnetic couplings of the axion to d7branes filling 4d spacetime and wrapping 4cycles at locations of duality transitions and invisible dirac 8branes whose worldvolume emanates from the worldvolume of the d7branes are the sources for the runnings of the dilaton and the axion our construction provides the first explicit example of a gaugegravity duality mapping with a running dilaton or a running axion which is an important component towards finding gravity duals to gauge theories with physically more interesting renormalization group flows such as pure confining gauge theories in four dimensions the d7branes also serve as gravitational source for seiberg duality transitions the supergravity background has distinct features which could be useful for constructing cosmological models and studying possibilities for probing stringy signatures from the early universe
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711.1299
On marginally outer trapped surfaces in stationary and static spacetimes
In this paper we prove that for any spacelike hypersurface containing an untrapped barrier in a stationary spacetime satisfying the null energy condition, any marginally outer trapped surface cannot lie in the exterior region where the stationary Killing vector is timelike. In the static case we prove that any marginally outer trapped surface cannot penetrate into the exterior region where the static Killing vector is timelike. In fact, we prove these result at an initial data level, without even assuming existence of a spacetime. The proof relies on a powerful theorem by Andersson and Metzger on existence of an outermost marginally outer trapped surface.
gr-qc
in this paper we prove that for any spacelike hypersurface containing an untrapped barrier in a stationary spacetime satisfying the null energy condition any marginally outer trapped surface cannot lie in the exterior region where the stationary killing vector is timelike in the static case we prove that any marginally outer trapped surface cannot penetrate into the exterior region where the static killing vector is timelike in fact we prove these result at an initial data level without even assuming existence of a spacetime the proof relies on a powerful theorem by andersson and metzger on existence of an outermost marginally outer trapped surface
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711.13
An Alternative View of the Universe Structure (on the invalidity of the four dimensional space-time concept)
The model of the Universe in this paper uses equations of the unperturbed Keplerian motion. They have been updated, complementied and generalized when the solution of these equations is the characteristic function of a random value from the theory of probabilities. Argument of the differential equation in this case is any more time, an interval of time between sections of a random stationary prosess. In this paper this time interval is referred to as flexible (elastic) time due to its many non-trivial properties. It is proved flexible time does not depend on the space which makes invalid the four dimensional space-time concept. The Universe becomes stationary and Eucledian. It is proved: 1. the advavce of Mercury's perihelion versus the predictions in accordance with the universal gravity law results inequality of the coefficients in the correlation equations of Keplerian moution along axes x, y and z; 2. the velocity of propagation of harmonic oscillation in the Uneverse is not constant; 3. long-range interaction, i.e. instantaneous communication between any two points of space in tne Universe is possible; 4. the Universe is a closed-loop informatiom-energy system which revives the nature and acts as a barrier to the second law of thermodynamics where stars are treated as machines which accumulate energy by moving. Physics in the Universe is conceptually different from that of the Earth and, respectively, needs methods of investigation different from the ones which are used today. Numerous astronomical supervision and the researches lead by known astrophysicist N.A.Kozyrev personally or under his management confirm adequacy of the model in the present paper.
physics.gen-ph
the model of the universe in this paper uses equations of the unperturbed keplerian motion they have been updated complementied and generalized when the solution of these equations is the characteristic function of a random value from the theory of probabilities argument of the differential equation in this case is any more time an interval of time between sections of a random stationary prosess in this paper this time interval is referred to as flexible elastic time due to its many nontrivial properties it is proved flexible time does not depend on the space which makes invalid the four dimensional spacetime concept the universe becomes stationary and eucledian it is proved 1 the advavce of mercurys perihelion versus the predictions in accordance with the universal gravity law results inequality of the coefficients in the correlation equations of keplerian moution along axes x y and z 2 the velocity of propagation of harmonic oscillation in the uneverse is not constant 3 longrange interaction ie instantaneous communication between any two points of space in tne universe is possible 4 the universe is a closedloop informatiomenergy system which revives the nature and acts as a barrier to the second law of thermodynamics where stars are treated as machines which accumulate energy by moving physics in the universe is conceptually different from that of the earth and respectively needs methods of investigation different from the ones which are used today numerous astronomical supervision and the researches lead by known astrophysicist nakozyrev personally or under his management confirm adequacy of the model in the present paper
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711.1301
Spin Frustration and Magnetic Exchange in Cobalt Aluminum Oxide Spinels
We report on x-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, electron- spin resonance and heat- capacity studies of Co[Al_1-xCo_x]_2O_4 for Co concentrations 0<x<1. In this spinel system only the A-site Co^2+ cation is magnetic, while the non-magnetic B-site Al^3+ is substituted by the low-spin non-magnetic Co^3+, and it is possible to investigate the complete phase diagram from Co^2+Al^3+_2O_4 to Co^2+Co^3+_2O_4. All samples reveal large negative Curie-Weiss temperatures Theta_CW of the order of -110 K independent of concentration, which is attributed to a high multiplicity of the superexchange interactions between the A-site Co^2+ cations. A pure antiferromagnetic state is found for x = 1.0 and 0.9 with Neel temperatures T_N = 29.5 K and 21.2 K, respectively, as evidenced by lambda-like anomalies in the specific heat. Compositions with 0.3<x<0.75 show smeared out strongly reduced magnetic ordering temperatures. At low temperatures, a T^2.5 dependence of the specific heat is indicative of a spin-liquid state. For x < 0.2 a T^2 dependence of the specific heat and a spin-glass like behavior of the susceptibility below T_f = 4.7 K are observed. The high value of the frustration parameter f = |Theta_CW|/T_f > 10 indicates the presence of strong spin frustration at least for x < 0.6. The frustration mechanism is attributed to competing nearest neighbor and next-nearest neighbor superexchange interactions between the A-site Co^2+ ions.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.other
we report on xray diffraction magnetic susceptibility electron spin resonance and heat capacity studies of coal_1xco_x_2o_4 for co concentrations 0x1 in this spinel system only the asite co2 cation is magnetic while the nonmagnetic bsite al3 is substituted by the lowspin nonmagnetic co3 and it is possible to investigate the complete phase diagram from co2al3_2o_4 to co2co3_2o_4 all samples reveal large negative curieweiss temperatures theta_cw of the order of 110 k independent of concentration which is attributed to a high multiplicity of the superexchange interactions between the asite co2 cations a pure antiferromagnetic state is found for x 10 and 09 with neel temperatures t_n 295 k and 212 k respectively as evidenced by lambdalike anomalies in the specific heat compositions with 03x075 show smeared out strongly reduced magnetic ordering temperatures at low temperatures a t25 dependence of the specific heat is indicative of a spinliquid state for x 02 a t2 dependence of the specific heat and a spinglass like behavior of the susceptibility below t_f 47 k are observed the high value of the frustration parameter f theta_cwt_f 10 indicates the presence of strong spin frustration at least for x 06 the frustration mechanism is attributed to competing nearest neighbor and nextnearest neighbor superexchange interactions between the asite co2 ions
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711.1302
Local probabilities for random walks conditioned to stay positive
Let S_0=0,{S_n, n>0} be a random walk generated by a sequence of i.i.d. random variables X_1,X_2,... and let \tau^{-} be the first descending ladder epoch. Assuming that the distribution of X_1 belongs to the domain of attraction of an \alpha-stable law we study the asymptotic behavior of the local probabilities P(\tau ^{-}=n) and the conditional local probabilities P(S_n\in [x,x+y)|\tau^{-}>n) for fixed y and x=x(n)\in (0,\infty).
math.PR
let s_00s_n n0 be a random walk generated by a sequence of iid random variables x_1x_2 and let tau be the first descending ladder epoch assuming that the distribution of x_1 belongs to the domain of attraction of an alphastable law we study the asymptotic behavior of the local probabilities ptau n and the conditional local probabilities ps_nin xxytaun for fixed y and xxnin 0infty
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711.1303
Substrate limited electron dynamics in graphene
We study the effects of polarizable substrates such as SiO2 and SiC on the carrier dynamics in graphene. We find that the quasiparticle spectrum acquires a finite broadening due to the long-range interaction with the polar modes at the interface between graphene and the substrate. This mechanism results in a density dependent electrical resistivity, that exhibits a sharp increase around room temperature, where it can become the dominant limiting factor of electron transport. The effects are weaker in doped bilayer graphene, due to the more conventional parabolic band dispersion.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we study the effects of polarizable substrates such as sio2 and sic on the carrier dynamics in graphene we find that the quasiparticle spectrum acquires a finite broadening due to the longrange interaction with the polar modes at the interface between graphene and the substrate this mechanism results in a density dependent electrical resistivity that exhibits a sharp increase around room temperature where it can become the dominant limiting factor of electron transport the effects are weaker in doped bilayer graphene due to the more conventional parabolic band dispersion
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711.1304
Probabilistic approach to a proliferation and migration dichotomy in the tumor cell invasion
The proliferation and migration dichotomy of the tumor cell invasion is examined within a two-component continuous time random walk (CTRW) model. The balance equations for the cancer cells of two phenotypes with random switching between cell proliferation and migration are derived. The transport of tumor cells is formulated in terms of the CTRW with an arbitrary waiting time distribution law, while proliferation is modelled by a logistic growth. The overall rate of tumor cell invasion for normal diffusion and subdiffusion is determined.
q-bio.CB q-bio.PE
the proliferation and migration dichotomy of the tumor cell invasion is examined within a twocomponent continuous time random walk ctrw model the balance equations for the cancer cells of two phenotypes with random switching between cell proliferation and migration are derived the transport of tumor cells is formulated in terms of the ctrw with an arbitrary waiting time distribution law while proliferation is modelled by a logistic growth the overall rate of tumor cell invasion for normal diffusion and subdiffusion is determined
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711.1305
X-rays from young stars - a summary of highlights from the XMM-Newton Extended Survey of the Taurus Molecular Cloud (XEST)
The XMM-Newton Extended Survey of the Taurus Molecular Cloud (XEST) is a survey of the nearest large star-forming region, the Taurus Molecular Cloud (TMC), making use of all instruments on board the XMM-Newton X-ray observatory. The survey, presently still growing, has provided unprecedented spectroscopic results from nearly every observed T Tauri star, and from ~50% of the studied brown dwarfs and protostars. The survey includes the first coherent statistical sample of high-resolution spectra of T Tauri stars, and is accompanied by an U-band/ultraviolet imaging photometric survey of the TMC. XEST led to the discovery of new, systematic X-ray features not possible before with smaller samples, in particular the X-ray soft excess in classical T Tauri stars and the Two-Absorber X-ray (TAX) spectra of jet-driving T Tauri stars. This paper summarizes highlights from XEST and reviews the key role of this large project.
astro-ph
the xmmnewton extended survey of the taurus molecular cloud xest is a survey of the nearest large starforming region the taurus molecular cloud tmc making use of all instruments on board the xmmnewton xray observatory the survey presently still growing has provided unprecedented spectroscopic results from nearly every observed t tauri star and from 50 of the studied brown dwarfs and protostars the survey includes the first coherent statistical sample of highresolution spectra of t tauri stars and is accompanied by an ubandultraviolet imaging photometric survey of the tmc xest led to the discovery of new systematic xray features not possible before with smaller samples in particular the xray soft excess in classical t tauri stars and the twoabsorber xray tax spectra of jetdriving t tauri stars this paper summarizes highlights from xest and reviews the key role of this large project
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711.1306
Exponential sums and rank of persymmetric matrices over F_2
Over the finite field with two elements, we present a method for obtaining explicit expressions for the number of rank i matrices of the form A above B, where A is persymmetric (A matrix [a(i,j)] is persymmetric if a(i,j) = a(r,s) for i+j = r+s).
math.NT
over the finite field with two elements we present a method for obtaining explicit expressions for the number of rank i matrices of the form a above b where a is persymmetric a matrix aij is persymmetric if aij ars for ij rs
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711.1307
A remark on singularities of primitive cohomology classes
Green and Griffiths have introduced several notions of singularities associated with normal functions, especially in connection with middle dimensional primitive Hodge classes. In this note, by using the more elementary aspects of the Decomposition Theorem, we define global and local singularities associated with primitive middle dimensional cohomology classes and by using the Relative Hard Lefschetz Theorem, we show that these singularities detect the global and local triviality of the primitive class. In a final section, we write-up a classical inductive argument relating the Hodge conjecture to the local non-vanishing of primitive classes.
math.AG
green and griffiths have introduced several notions of singularities associated with normal functions especially in connection with middle dimensional primitive hodge classes in this note by using the more elementary aspects of the decomposition theorem we define global and local singularities associated with primitive middle dimensional cohomology classes and by using the relative hard lefschetz theorem we show that these singularities detect the global and local triviality of the primitive class in a final section we writeup a classical inductive argument relating the hodge conjecture to the local nonvanishing of primitive classes
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