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712.1479
P Wave Baryons in Field Correlator Method: Hyperons
We provide an investigation of the P-wave hyperons employing the field correlator method in QCD. This method allows to derive the Effective Hamiltonian successfully applied to the meson and ground state baryon spectra. The hyperon spectrum appears to be expressed through two parameters relevant to QCD, the string tension \sigma, the strong coupling constant \alpha_s, and the bare strange quark mass m_s. Using these parameters a unified description of the ground and excited hyperon states is achieved. We also briefly consider the nucleon P-wave excitations. In particular, we predict that both the nucleon and hyperon states have the similar cost (in \Delta L) ~460 MeV.
hep-ph
we provide an investigation of the pwave hyperons employing the field correlator method in qcd this method allows to derive the effective hamiltonian successfully applied to the meson and ground state baryon spectra the hyperon spectrum appears to be expressed through two parameters relevant to qcd the string tension sigma the strong coupling constant alpha_s and the bare strange quark mass m_s using these parameters a unified description of the ground and excited hyperon states is achieved we also briefly consider the nucleon pwave excitations in particular we predict that both the nucleon and hyperon states have the similar cost in delta l 460 mev
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712.148
Stabilization of quantum information by combined dynamical decoupling and detected-jump error correction
Two possible applications of random decoupling are discussed. Whereas so far decoupling methods have been considered merely for quantum memories, here it is demonstrated that random decoupling is also a convenient tool for stabilizing quantum algorithms. Furthermore, a decoupling scheme is presented which involves a random decoupling method compatible with detected-jump error correcting quantum codes. With this combined error correcting strategy it is possible to stabilize quantum information against both spontaneous decay and static imperfections of a qubit-based quantum information processor in an efficient way.
quant-ph
two possible applications of random decoupling are discussed whereas so far decoupling methods have been considered merely for quantum memories here it is demonstrated that random decoupling is also a convenient tool for stabilizing quantum algorithms furthermore a decoupling scheme is presented which involves a random decoupling method compatible with detectedjump error correcting quantum codes with this combined error correcting strategy it is possible to stabilize quantum information against both spontaneous decay and static imperfections of a qubitbased quantum information processor in an efficient way
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712.1481
Monitoring of FR Cnc Flaring Activity
Being excited by the detection of the first ever-observed optical flare in FR Cnc, we decided to continue photometrical monitoring of this object. The observations were carried out at Crimean Astrophysical Observatory (Crimea, Ukraine; CrAO - hereafter) and at the Terskol Observatory (Russia, Northern Caucasus). The obtained lightcurves are presented and discussed. No distinguishable flares were detected that could imply that flares on FR Cnc are very rare event.
astro-ph
being excited by the detection of the first everobserved optical flare in fr cnc we decided to continue photometrical monitoring of this object the observations were carried out at crimean astrophysical observatory crimea ukraine crao hereafter and at the terskol observatory russia northern caucasus the obtained lightcurves are presented and discussed no distinguishable flares were detected that could imply that flares on fr cnc are very rare event
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712.1482
Guided atom laser : a new tool for guided atom optics
We present a guided atom laser. A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is created in a crossed hybrid magnetic and an elongated optical trap, which acts as a matterwave guide. Atoms are extracted from the BEC by radio frequency (rf) outcoupling and then guided in the horizontal optical matterwave guide. This method allows to control the acceleration of the beam and to achieve large de Broglie wavelength. We also measure the longitudinal energy of the guided atom laser using atom optical elements based on a blue light barrier.
cond-mat.other
we present a guided atom laser a boseeinstein condensate bec is created in a crossed hybrid magnetic and an elongated optical trap which acts as a matterwave guide atoms are extracted from the bec by radio frequency rf outcoupling and then guided in the horizontal optical matterwave guide this method allows to control the acceleration of the beam and to achieve large de broglie wavelength we also measure the longitudinal energy of the guided atom laser using atom optical elements based on a blue light barrier
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712.1483
Continuous-time trading and emergence of volatility
This note continues investigation of randomness-type properties emerging in idealized financial markets with continuous price processes. It is shown, without making any probabilistic assumptions, that the strong variation exponent of non-constant price processes has to be 2, as in the case of continuous martingales.
q-fin.TR math.PR
this note continues investigation of randomnesstype properties emerging in idealized financial markets with continuous price processes it is shown without making any probabilistic assumptions that the strong variation exponent of nonconstant price processes has to be 2 as in the case of continuous martingales
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712.1484
Frequency Dependence of Radio Images of Supernova Remnants
Radio images of supernova remnants in the framework of diffusion model are discussed. The distribution profiles of synchrotron radiation intensity for spherical injection source of relativistic electrons are reduced at different frequencies. An explanation of the observational data obtained on UTR-2, according to which the size of the supernova remnant at decametric waves is larger than the remnant size at high frequencies, is given.
astro-ph
radio images of supernova remnants in the framework of diffusion model are discussed the distribution profiles of synchrotron radiation intensity for spherical injection source of relativistic electrons are reduced at different frequencies an explanation of the observational data obtained on utr2 according to which the size of the supernova remnant at decametric waves is larger than the remnant size at high frequencies is given
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712.1485
The parafermion Fock space and explicit so(2n+1) representations
The defining relations (triple relations) of n pairs of parafermion operators f_j^\pm (j=1,...,n) are known to coincide with a set of defining relations for the Lie algebra so(2n+1) in terms of 2n generators. With the common Hermiticity conditions, this means that the ``parafermions of order p'' correspond to a finite-dimensional unitary irreducible representation W(p) of so(2n+1), with highest weight (p/2, p/2,..., p/2). Although the dimension and character of W(p) is known by classical formulas, there is no explicit basis of W(p) available in which the parafermion operators have a natural action. In this paper we construct an orthogonal basis for W(p), and we present the explicit actions of the parafermion generators on these basis vectors. We use group theoretical techniques, in which the u(n) subalgebra of so(2n+1) plays a crucial role: a set of Gelfand-Zetlin patterns of u(n) will be used to label the basis vectors of W(p), and also in the explicit action (matrix elements) certain u(n) Clebsch-Gordan coefficients are essential.
hep-th math-ph math.GR math.MP math.RT quant-ph
the defining relations triple relations of n pairs of parafermion operators f_jpm j1n are known to coincide with a set of defining relations for the lie algebra so2n1 in terms of 2n generators with the common hermiticity conditions this means that the parafermions of order p correspond to a finitedimensional unitary irreducible representation wp of so2n1 with highest weight p2 p2 p2 although the dimension and character of wp is known by classical formulas there is no explicit basis of wp available in which the parafermion operators have a natural action in this paper we construct an orthogonal basis for wp and we present the explicit actions of the parafermion generators on these basis vectors we use group theoretical techniques in which the un subalgebra of so2n1 plays a crucial role a set of gelfandzetlin patterns of un will be used to label the basis vectors of wp and also in the explicit action matrix elements certain un clebschgordan coefficients are essential
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712.1486
Correction: A correlated topic model of Science
Correction to Annals of Applied Statistics 1 (2007) 17--35 [doi:10.1214/07-AOAS114]
stat.AP
correction to annals of applied statistics 1 2007 1735 doi10121407aoas114
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712.1487
MHD Space Sailing
The rocket technology dates back as far as medieval China. Used initially for entertainment and religious practices over time rockets evolved into weapons and finally into means of transportation. Today, we are nearing the top of the rockets' capabilities. Although, for now they are the only way for us to send anything into space we are becoming more and more aware of the limitations of this technology. It is essential that we invent other means of propelling probes and other interplanetary vehicles through space. The authors had performed a series of magnetohydrodynamic simulations using the University of Chicago's Flash package to find out whether the interactions between the Solar Wind and the conducting ring with the electric current would occur. The MHD simulations gave the results similar to the monte-carlo calculations performed by dr Charles Danforth [1] from the University of Colorado. It is the authors' conclusion that the promising results should encourage further study of the phenomenon and the possibility of using it in practice.
astro-ph
the rocket technology dates back as far as medieval china used initially for entertainment and religious practices over time rockets evolved into weapons and finally into means of transportation today we are nearing the top of the rockets capabilities although for now they are the only way for us to send anything into space we are becoming more and more aware of the limitations of this technology it is essential that we invent other means of propelling probes and other interplanetary vehicles through space the authors had performed a series of magnetohydrodynamic simulations using the university of chicagos flash package to find out whether the interactions between the solar wind and the conducting ring with the electric current would occur the mhd simulations gave the results similar to the montecarlo calculations performed by dr charles danforth 1 from the university of colorado it is the authors conclusion that the promising results should encourage further study of the phenomenon and the possibility of using it in practice
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712.1488
Magneto-optical properties of (Ga,Mn)As: an ab--initio determination
The magneto-optical properties of (Ga,Mn)As have been determined within density functional theory using the highly precise full-potential linear augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method. A detailed investigation of the electronic and magnetic properties in connection to the magneto-optic effects is reported. The spectral features of the optical tensor in the 0-10 eV energy range are analyzed in terms of the band structure and density of states and the essential role of the dipole matrix elements is highlighted by means of Brillouin zone dissection. Using an explicit representation of the Kerr angle in terms of real and imaginary parts of the tensor components, a careful analysis of the Kerr spectra is also presented. The results of our study can be summarized as follows: i) different types of interband transitions do contribute in shaping the conductivity tensor; ii) the dipole matrix elements are important in obtaining the correct optical spectra; iii) different regions in the irreducible Brillouin zone contribute to the conductivity very differently; iv) a minimum in the Re $\sigma_{xx}$ spectra can give rise to a large Kerr rotation angle in the same energy region; and v) materials engineering via the magneto-optical Kerr effect is possible provided that the electronic structure of the material can be tuned in such a way as to \emph{enhance} the depth of the minima of Re $\sigma_{xx}$.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
the magnetooptical properties of gamnas have been determined within density functional theory using the highly precise fullpotential linear augmented plane wave flapw method a detailed investigation of the electronic and magnetic properties in connection to the magnetooptic effects is reported the spectral features of the optical tensor in the 010 ev energy range are analyzed in terms of the band structure and density of states and the essential role of the dipole matrix elements is highlighted by means of brillouin zone dissection using an explicit representation of the kerr angle in terms of real and imaginary parts of the tensor components a careful analysis of the kerr spectra is also presented the results of our study can be summarized as follows i different types of interband transitions do contribute in shaping the conductivity tensor ii the dipole matrix elements are important in obtaining the correct optical spectra iii different regions in the irreducible brillouin zone contribute to the conductivity very differently iv a minimum in the re sigma_xx spectra can give rise to a large kerr rotation angle in the same energy region and v materials engineering via the magnetooptical kerr effect is possible provided that the electronic structure of the material can be tuned in such a way as to emphenhance the depth of the minima of re sigma_xx
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712.1489
Subwavelength Nanopatch Cavities for Semiconductor Plasmon Lasers
We propose and analyze a family of nanoscale cavities for electrically-pumped surface-emitting semiconductor lasers that use surface plasmons to provide optical mode confinement in cavities which have dimensions in the 100-300 nm range. The proposed laser cavities are in many ways nanoscale optical versions of micropatch antennas that are commonly used at microwave/RF frequencies. Surface plasmons are not only used for mode confinement but also for output beam shaping to realize single-lobe far-field radiation patterns with narrow beam waists from subwavelength size cavities. We identify the cavity modes with the largest quality factors and modal gain, and show that in the near-IR wavelength range (1.0-1.6 microns) cavity losses (including surface plasmon losses) can be compensated by the strong mode confinement in the gain region provided by the surface plasmons themselves and the required material threshold gain values can be smaller than 700 1/cm.
physics.optics physics.comp-ph
we propose and analyze a family of nanoscale cavities for electricallypumped surfaceemitting semiconductor lasers that use surface plasmons to provide optical mode confinement in cavities which have dimensions in the 100300 nm range the proposed laser cavities are in many ways nanoscale optical versions of micropatch antennas that are commonly used at microwaverf frequencies surface plasmons are not only used for mode confinement but also for output beam shaping to realize singlelobe farfield radiation patterns with narrow beam waists from subwavelength size cavities we identify the cavity modes with the largest quality factors and modal gain and show that in the nearir wavelength range 1016 microns cavity losses including surface plasmon losses can be compensated by the strong mode confinement in the gain region provided by the surface plasmons themselves and the required material threshold gain values can be smaller than 700 1cm
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712.149
Experimental realization of a Fabry-Perot-type interferometer by co-propagating edge states in the quantum Hall regime
A Fabry-Perot-type interferometer is experimentally realized for electrons in a semiconductor device. A special experimental geometry creates interference conditions for co-propagating electrons in quantum Hall edge states, which results in oscillations of the current through the device. The visibility of these oscillations is found to increase at the high-field edge of the quantum Hall plateau.
cond-mat.mes-hall
a fabryperottype interferometer is experimentally realized for electrons in a semiconductor device a special experimental geometry creates interference conditions for copropagating electrons in quantum hall edge states which results in oscillations of the current through the device the visibility of these oscillations is found to increase at the highfield edge of the quantum hall plateau
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712.1491
Hard X-ray emission from Eta Carinae
Context : If relativistic particle acceleration takes place in colliding-wind binaries, hard X-rays and gamma-rays are expected through inverse Compton emission, but to date these have never been unambiguously detected. Aims : To detect this emission, observations of Eta Carinae were performed with INTEGRAL, leveraging its high spatial resolution. Methods : Deep hard X-ray images of the region of Eta Car were constructed in several energy bands. Results : The hard X-ray emission previously detected by BeppoSax around Eta Car originates from at least 3 different point sources. The emission of Eta Car itself can be isolated for the first time, and its spectrum unambiguously analyzed. The X-ray emission of Eta Car in the 22-100 keV energy range is very hard (photon index around 1) and its luminosity is 7E33 erg/s. Conclusions : The observed emission is in agreement with the predictions of inverse Compton models, and corresponds to about 0.1% of the energy available in the wind collision. Eta Car is expected to be detected in the GeV energy range.
astro-ph
context if relativistic particle acceleration takes place in collidingwind binaries hard xrays and gammarays are expected through inverse compton emission but to date these have never been unambiguously detected aims to detect this emission observations of eta carinae were performed with integral leveraging its high spatial resolution methods deep hard xray images of the region of eta car were constructed in several energy bands results the hard xray emission previously detected by bepposax around eta car originates from at least 3 different point sources the emission of eta car itself can be isolated for the first time and its spectrum unambiguously analyzed the xray emission of eta car in the 22100 kev energy range is very hard photon index around 1 and its luminosity is 7e33 ergs conclusions the observed emission is in agreement with the predictions of inverse compton models and corresponds to about 01 of the energy available in the wind collision eta car is expected to be detected in the gev energy range
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712.1492
Study of the Reasons for the Geometric Albedo Variations of Uranus
The method of the optical parameter estimations of the nonisothermal giant planet atmospheres by using intensity data of Raman scattering features was used. We applied this method to the observational data of Uranus' geometric albedo spectra from 1981, 1993 and 1995 and obtained the spectral values of the optical depth, namely, $\tau_a/\tau_R$ and $\tau_\kappa/\tau_S$ (where $\tau_a$, $\tau_R$ are aerosol and gas components, $\tau_S=\tau_a+\tau_R$ and $\tau_\kappa$ is absorption component of the effective optical depth of the intensity of diffuse - reflected irradiation forming). We showed that these ratios are different for the three years. The conclusion is that this effect can be due to the horizontal inhomogeneity of aerosol component of optical depth over the Uranus' disk.
astro-ph
the method of the optical parameter estimations of the nonisothermal giant planet atmospheres by using intensity data of raman scattering features was used we applied this method to the observational data of uranus geometric albedo spectra from 1981 1993 and 1995 and obtained the spectral values of the optical depth namely tau_atau_r and tau_kappatau_s where tau_a tau_r are aerosol and gas components tau_stau_atau_r and tau_kappa is absorption component of the effective optical depth of the intensity of diffuse reflected irradiation forming we showed that these ratios are different for the three years the conclusion is that this effect can be due to the horizontal inhomogeneity of aerosol component of optical depth over the uranus disk
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712.1493
Longitudinal response function of 4He with a realistic force
The longitudinal response function of 4He is calculated with the Argonne V18 potential. The comparison with experiment suggests the need of a three-body force. When adding the Urbana IX three-body potential in the calculation of the lower longitudinal multipoles, the total strength is suppressed in the quasi-elastic peak, towards the trend of the experimental data.
nucl-th
the longitudinal response function of 4he is calculated with the argonne v18 potential the comparison with experiment suggests the need of a threebody force when adding the urbana ix threebody potential in the calculation of the lower longitudinal multipoles the total strength is suppressed in the quasielastic peak towards the trend of the experimental data
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712.1494
Improved one-way rates for BB84 and 6-state protocols
We study the advantages to be gained in quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols by combining the techniques of local randomization, or noisy preprocessing, and structured (nonrandom) block codes. Extending the results of [Smith, Renes, and Smolin, quant-ph/0607018] pertaining to BB84, we improve the best-known lower bound on the error rate for the 6-state protocol from 14.11% for local randomization alone to at least 14.59%. Additionally, we also study the effects of iterating the combined preprocessing scheme and find further improvements to the BB84 protocol already at small block lengths.
quant-ph
we study the advantages to be gained in quantum key distribution qkd protocols by combining the techniques of local randomization or noisy preprocessing and structured nonrandom block codes extending the results of smith renes and smolin quantph0607018 pertaining to bb84 we improve the bestknown lower bound on the error rate for the 6state protocol from 1411 for local randomization alone to at least 1459 additionally we also study the effects of iterating the combined preprocessing scheme and find further improvements to the bb84 protocol already at small block lengths
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712.1495
Three conjectures on lagrangian tori in the projective plane
In this paper we extend the discussion on Homological Mirror Symmetry for Fano toric varieties presented by Hori and Vafa to more general case of monotone symplectic manifolds with real polarizations. We claim that the Hori -- Vafa prediction, proven by Cho and Oh for toric Fano varieties, can be checked in much more wider context. Then the notion of Bohr - Sommerfeld with respect to the canonical class lagrangian submanifold appears and plays an important role. The discussion presents a bridge between Geometric Quantization and Homological Mirror Symmetry programmes both applied to the projective plane in terms of its lagrangian geometry. Due to this relation one could exploit some standard facts known in GQ to produce results in HMS.
math.SG math-ph math.MP
in this paper we extend the discussion on homological mirror symmetry for fano toric varieties presented by hori and vafa to more general case of monotone symplectic manifolds with real polarizations we claim that the hori vafa prediction proven by cho and oh for toric fano varieties can be checked in much more wider context then the notion of bohr sommerfeld with respect to the canonical class lagrangian submanifold appears and plays an important role the discussion presents a bridge between geometric quantization and homological mirror symmetry programmes both applied to the projective plane in terms of its lagrangian geometry due to this relation one could exploit some standard facts known in gq to produce results in hms
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712.1496
A basis for the polynomial eigenfunctions of deformed Calogero-Moser-Sutherland operators
We construct a linear basis for the polynomial eigenfunctions of a family of deformed Calogero-Moser-Sutherland operators naturally associated with hypergeometric polynomials. In our construction the eigenfunctions are obtained as linear combinations of polynomials which generalise the (super) Schur polynomials. As a byproduct, we obtain explicit series representations for the super Jack polynomials.
math.QA math-ph math.MP
we construct a linear basis for the polynomial eigenfunctions of a family of deformed calogeromosersutherland operators naturally associated with hypergeometric polynomials in our construction the eigenfunctions are obtained as linear combinations of polynomials which generalise the super schur polynomials as a byproduct we obtain explicit series representations for the super jack polynomials
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712.1497
How universal are asymptotics of disconnection times in discrete cylinders?
We investigate the disconnection time of a simple random walk in a discrete cylinder with a large finite connected base. In a recent article of A. Dembo and the author it was found that for large $N$ the disconnection time of $G_N\times\mathbb{Z}$ has rough order $|G_N|^2$, when $G_N=(\mathbb{Z}/N\mathbb{Z})^d$. In agreement with a conjecture by I. Benjamini, we show here that this behavior has broad generality when the bases of the discrete cylinders are large connected graphs of uniformly bounded degree.
math.PR
we investigate the disconnection time of a simple random walk in a discrete cylinder with a large finite connected base in a recent article of a dembo and the author it was found that for large n the disconnection time of g_ntimesmathbbz has rough order g_n2 when g_nmathbbznmathbbzd in agreement with a conjecture by i benjamini we show here that this behavior has broad generality when the bases of the discrete cylinders are large connected graphs of uniformly bounded degree
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712.1498
The Stellar Initial Mass Function at the Epoch of Reionization
I provide estimates of the ultraviolet and visible light luminosity density at z~6 after accounting for the contribution from faint galaxies below the detection limit of deep Hubble and Spitzer surveys. I find the rest-frame V-band luminosity density is a factor of ~2-3 below the ultraviolet luminosity density at z~6. This implies that the maximal age of the stellar population at z~6, for a Salpeter initial mass function, and a single, passively evolving burst, must be <100 Myr. If the stars in z~6 galaxies are remnants of the star-formation that was responsible for ionizing the intergalactic medium, reionization must have been a brief process that was completed at z<7. This assumes the most current estimates of the clumping factor and escape fraction and a Salpeter slope extending up to 200 M_{\sun} for the stellar initial mass function (IMF; dN/dM \propto M^{\alpha}, \alpha=-2.3). Unless the ratio of the clumping factor to escape fraction is less than 60, a Salpeter slope for the stellar IMF and reionization redshift higher than 7 is ruled out. In order to maintain an ionized intergalactic medium from redshift 9 onwards, the stellar IMF must have a slope of \alpha=-1.65 even if stars as massive as ~200 M_{\sun} are formed. Correspondingly, if the intergalactic medium was ionized from redshift 11 onwards, the IMF must have \alpha~-1.5. The range of stellar mass densities at z~6 straddled by IMFs which result in reionization at z>7 is 1.3+/-0.4\times10^{7} Msun/Mpc^3.
astro-ph
i provide estimates of the ultraviolet and visible light luminosity density at z6 after accounting for the contribution from faint galaxies below the detection limit of deep hubble and spitzer surveys i find the restframe vband luminosity density is a factor of 23 below the ultraviolet luminosity density at z6 this implies that the maximal age of the stellar population at z6 for a salpeter initial mass function and a single passively evolving burst must be 100 myr if the stars in z6 galaxies are remnants of the starformation that was responsible for ionizing the intergalactic medium reionization must have been a brief process that was completed at z7 this assumes the most current estimates of the clumping factor and escape fraction and a salpeter slope extending up to 200 m_sun for the stellar initial mass function imf dndm propto malpha alpha23 unless the ratio of the clumping factor to escape fraction is less than 60 a salpeter slope for the stellar imf and reionization redshift higher than 7 is ruled out in order to maintain an ionized intergalactic medium from redshift 9 onwards the stellar imf must have a slope of alpha165 even if stars as massive as 200 m_sun are formed correspondingly if the intergalactic medium was ionized from redshift 11 onwards the imf must have alpha15 the range of stellar mass densities at z6 straddled by imfs which result in reionization at z7 is 1304times107 msunmpc3
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712.1499
On the computational complexity of cut-reduction
Using appropriate notation systems for proofs, cut-reduction can often be rendered feasible on these notations, and explicit bounds can be given. Developing a suitable notation system for Bounded Arithmetic, and applying these bounds, all the known results on definable functions of certain such theories can be reobtained in a uniform way.
cs.LO cs.CC
using appropriate notation systems for proofs cutreduction can often be rendered feasible on these notations and explicit bounds can be given developing a suitable notation system for bounded arithmetic and applying these bounds all the known results on definable functions of certain such theories can be reobtained in a uniform way
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712.15
Curvature estimates for minimal surfaces with total boundary curvature less than 4\pi
We establish a curvature estimate for classical minimal surfaces with total boundary curvature less than 4\pi. The main application is a bound on the genus of these surfaces depending solely on the geometry of the boundary curve. We also prove that the set of simple closed curves with total curvature less than 4\pi and which do not bound an orientable compact embedded minimal surface of genus greater than g, for any given g, is open in the C^{2,\alpha} topology.
math.DG
we establish a curvature estimate for classical minimal surfaces with total boundary curvature less than 4pi the main application is a bound on the genus of these surfaces depending solely on the geometry of the boundary curve we also prove that the set of simple closed curves with total curvature less than 4pi and which do not bound an orientable compact embedded minimal surface of genus greater than g for any given g is open in the c2alpha topology
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712.1501
Equilateral quantum graphs and boundary triples
The aim of the present paper is to analyse the spectrum of Laplace and Dirac type operators on metric graphs. In particular, we show for equilateral graphs how the spectrum (up to exceptional eigenvalues) can be described by a natural generalisation of the discrete Laplace operator on the underlying graph. These generalised Laplacians are necessary in order to cover general vertex boundary conditions on the metric graph. In case of the standard (also named ``Kirchhoff'') boundary conditions, the discrete operator is the usual combinatorial Laplacian.
math-ph math.MP
the aim of the present paper is to analyse the spectrum of laplace and dirac type operators on metric graphs in particular we show for equilateral graphs how the spectrum up to exceptional eigenvalues can be described by a natural generalisation of the discrete laplace operator on the underlying graph these generalised laplacians are necessary in order to cover general vertex boundary conditions on the metric graph in case of the standard also named kirchhoff boundary conditions the discrete operator is the usual combinatorial laplacian
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712.1502
A Giant Flare from a Soft Gamma Repeater in the Andromeda Galaxy, M31
The light curve, energy spectra, energetics, and IPN localization of an exceedingly intense short duration hard spectrum burst, GRB 070201, obtained from Konus-Wind, INTEGRAL (SPI-ACS), and MESSENGER data are presented. The total fluence of the burst and the peak flux are $S = 2.00_{-0.26}^{+0.10} \times 10^{-5}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ and $F_{max} = 1.61_{-0.50}^{+0.29} \times 10^{-3}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. The IPN error box has an area of 446 square arcminutes and covers the peripheral part of the M31 galaxy. Assuming that the source of the burst is indeed in M31 at a distance of 0.78 Mpc, the measured values of the fluence $S$ and maximum flux $F_{max}$ correspond to a total energy of $Q = 1.5 \times 10^{45}$ erg, and a maximum luminosity $L = 1.2 \times 10^{47}$ erg s$^{-1}$. These data are in good agreement with the corresponding characteristics of the previously observed giant flares from other soft gamma repeaters. The evidence for the identification of this event as a giant flare from a soft gamma repeater in the M31 galaxy is presented.
astro-ph
the light curve energy spectra energetics and ipn localization of an exceedingly intense short duration hard spectrum burst grb 070201 obtained from konuswind integral spiacs and messenger data are presented the total fluence of the burst and the peak flux are s 200_026010 times 105 erg cm2 and f_max 161_050029 times 103 erg cm2 s1 the ipn error box has an area of 446 square arcminutes and covers the peripheral part of the m31 galaxy assuming that the source of the burst is indeed in m31 at a distance of 078 mpc the measured values of the fluence s and maximum flux f_max correspond to a total energy of q 15 times 1045 erg and a maximum luminosity l 12 times 1047 erg s1 these data are in good agreement with the corresponding characteristics of the previously observed giant flares from other soft gamma repeaters the evidence for the identification of this event as a giant flare from a soft gamma repeater in the m31 galaxy is presented
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712.1503
To the theory of high-energy elastic nucleon collisions
The commonly used West and Yennie integral formula for the relative phase between the Coulomb and elastic hadronic amplitudes requires for the phase of the elastic hadronic amplitude to be constant at all kinematically allowed values of t. More general interference formula based on the eikonal model approach does not exhibit such limitation. The corresponding differences will be demonstrated and some predictions of different phenomenological models for elastic pp scattering at energy of 14 TeV at the LHC will be given. Special attention will be devoted to determination of luminosity from elastic scattering data; it will be shown that the systematic error might reach till 5 % if the luminosity is derived from the values in the center of the interference region with the help of West and Yennie formula.
hep-ph
the commonly used west and yennie integral formula for the relative phase between the coulomb and elastic hadronic amplitudes requires for the phase of the elastic hadronic amplitude to be constant at all kinematically allowed values of t more general interference formula based on the eikonal model approach does not exhibit such limitation the corresponding differences will be demonstrated and some predictions of different phenomenological models for elastic pp scattering at energy of 14 tev at the lhc will be given special attention will be devoted to determination of luminosity from elastic scattering data it will be shown that the systematic error might reach till 5 if the luminosity is derived from the values in the center of the interference region with the help of west and yennie formula
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712.1504
Full Counting Statistics of Multiple Andreev Reflections in incoherent diffusive superconducting junctions
We present a theory for the full distribution of current fluctuations in incoherent diffusive superconducting junctions, subjected to a voltage bias. This theory of full counting statistics of incoherent multiple Andreev reflections is valid for arbitrary applied voltage. We present a detailed discussion of the properties of the first four cumulants as well as the low and high voltage regimes of the full counting statistics. The work is an extension of the results of Pilgram and the author, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 086806 (2005).
cond-mat.mes-hall
we present a theory for the full distribution of current fluctuations in incoherent diffusive superconducting junctions subjected to a voltage bias this theory of full counting statistics of incoherent multiple andreev reflections is valid for arbitrary applied voltage we present a detailed discussion of the properties of the first four cumulants as well as the low and high voltage regimes of the full counting statistics the work is an extension of the results of pilgram and the author phys rev lett 94 086806 2005
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712.1505
Elementary Collisions with HADES
The "High Acceptance DiElectron Spectrometer" (HADES) at GSI, Darmstadt, is investigating the production of e+e- pairs in A+A, p+A and N+N collisions. The latter program allows for the reconstruction of individual sources. This strategy will be roughly outlined in this contribution and preliminary pp/pn data is shown.
nucl-ex
the high acceptance dielectron spectrometer hades at gsi darmstadt is investigating the production of ee pairs in aa pa and nn collisions the latter program allows for the reconstruction of individual sources this strategy will be roughly outlined in this contribution and preliminary pppn data is shown
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712.1506
Observation of the Decay $B_c^{\pm} \to J/\psi \pi^{\pm}$ and Measurement of the $B_c^{\pm}$ Mass
The $B_c^{\pm}$ meson is observed through the decay $B_c^{\pm} \to J/\psi \pi^{\pm}$, in data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.4 fb$^{-1}$ recorded by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. A signal of $108\pm15$ candidates is observed, with a significance that exceeds $8 \sigma$. The mass of the $B_c^{\pm}$ meson is measured to be 6275.6 $\pm$ 2.9 (stat.) $\pm$ 2.5 (syst.) MeV/$c^2$.
hep-ex
the b_cpm meson is observed through the decay b_cpm to jpsi pipm in data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 24 fb1 recorded by the cdf ii detector at the fermilab tevatron a signal of 108pm15 candidates is observed with a significance that exceeds 8 sigma the mass of the b_cpm meson is measured to be 62756 pm 29 stat pm 25 syst mevc2
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712.1507
Spectral analysis of metric graphs and related spaces
The aim of the present article is to give an overview of spectral theory on metric graphs guided by spectral geometry on discrete graphs and manifolds. We present the basic concept of metric graphs and natural Laplacians acting on it and explicitly allow infinite graphs. Motivated by the general form of a Laplacian on a metric graph, we define a new type of combinatorial Laplacian. With this generalised discrete Laplacian, it is possible to relate the spectral theory on discrete and metric graphs. Moreover, we describe a connection of metric graphs with manifolds. Finally, we comment on Cheeger's inequality and trace formulas for metric and discrete (generalised) Laplacians.
math.CO math-ph math.DG math.MP
the aim of the present article is to give an overview of spectral theory on metric graphs guided by spectral geometry on discrete graphs and manifolds we present the basic concept of metric graphs and natural laplacians acting on it and explicitly allow infinite graphs motivated by the general form of a laplacian on a metric graph we define a new type of combinatorial laplacian with this generalised discrete laplacian it is possible to relate the spectral theory on discrete and metric graphs moreover we describe a connection of metric graphs with manifolds finally we comment on cheegers inequality and trace formulas for metric and discrete generalised laplacians
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712.1508
On The Timescale Forcing in Astrobiology
We investigate the effects of correlated global regulation mechanisms, especially Galactic gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), on the temporal distribution of hypothetical inhabited planets, using simple Monte Carlo numerical experiments. Starting with recently obtained models of planetary ages in the Galactic Habitable Zone (GHZ), we obtain that the times required for biological evolution on habitable planets of the Milky Way are highly correlated. These results run contrary to the famous anti-SETI anthropic argument of Carter, and give tentative support to the ongoing and future SETI observation projects.
astro-ph
we investigate the effects of correlated global regulation mechanisms especially galactic gammaray bursts grbs on the temporal distribution of hypothetical inhabited planets using simple monte carlo numerical experiments starting with recently obtained models of planetary ages in the galactic habitable zone ghz we obtain that the times required for biological evolution on habitable planets of the milky way are highly correlated these results run contrary to the famous antiseti anthropic argument of carter and give tentative support to the ongoing and future seti observation projects
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712.1509
The Higgs discovery potential of ATLAS
Higgs boson production and decay at the LHC is described, together with related ATLAS search channels, in order to provide an overview of the ATLAS Higgs discovery potential.
hep-ex
higgs boson production and decay at the lhc is described together with related atlas search channels in order to provide an overview of the atlas higgs discovery potential
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712.151
Skyrmion on a three--cylinder
The class of static, spherically symmetric, and finite energy hedgehog solutions in the SU(2) Skyrme model is examined on a metric three-cylinder. The exact analytic shape function of the 1-Skyrmion is found. It can be expressed via elliptic integrals. Its energy is calculated, and its stability with respect to radial and spherically symmetric deformations is analyzed. No other topologically nontrivial solutions belonging to this class are possible on the three-cylinder.
math-ph math.MP
the class of static spherically symmetric and finite energy hedgehog solutions in the su2 skyrme model is examined on a metric threecylinder the exact analytic shape function of the 1skyrmion is found it can be expressed via elliptic integrals its energy is calculated and its stability with respect to radial and spherically symmetric deformations is analyzed no other topologically nontrivial solutions belonging to this class are possible on the threecylinder
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712.1511
Residues of Intertwining Operators for Classical Groups with an Appendix "$L$-Functions and Poles of Intertwining Operators"
Let $\tilde{G}$ be a symplectic or even orthogonal group over a p-adic field $F$, and $M$ the Levi factor of a maximal parabolic subgroup of $\tilde{G}$. Suppose that $M$ has the shape of three blocks of the same size. Let $\pi$ be a supercuspidal representation of $M$. In this paper we give a simple explicit expression for the residue of the standard intertwining operator for the parabolic induction of $\pi$ from $M$ to $G$.
math.RT math.NT
let tildeg be a symplectic or even orthogonal group over a padic field f and m the levi factor of a maximal parabolic subgroup of tildeg suppose that m has the shape of three blocks of the same size let pi be a supercuspidal representation of m in this paper we give a simple explicit expression for the residue of the standard intertwining operator for the parabolic induction of pi from m to g
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712.1512
The Circumstellar Environment of High-Mass Protostellar Objects: IV. C17O Observations and Depletion
We observe 84 candidate young high-mass sources in the rare isotopologues C17O and C18O to investigate whether there is evidence for depletion (freeze-out) towards these objects. Observations of the J=2-1 transitions of C18O and C17O are used to derive the column densities of gas towards the sources and these are compared with those derived from submillimetre continuum observations. The derived fractional abundance suggests that the CO species show a range of degrees of depletion towards the objects. We then use the radiative transfer code RATRAN to model a selection of the sources to confirm that the spread of abundances is not a result of assumptions made when calculating the column densities. We find a range of abundances of C17O that cannot be accounted for by global variations in either the temperature or dust properties and so must reflect source to source variations. The most likely explanation is that different sources show different degrees of depletion of the CO. Comparison of the C17O linewidths of our sources with those of CS presented by other authors reveal a division of the sources into two groups. Sources with a CS linewidth >3 km/s have low abundances of C17O while sources with narrower CS lines have typically higher C17O abundances. We suggest that this represents an evolutionary trend. Depletion towards these objects shows that the gas remains cold and dense for long enough for the trace species to deplete. The range of depletion measured suggests that these objects have lifetimes of 2-4x10^5 years.
astro-ph
we observe 84 candidate young highmass sources in the rare isotopologues c17o and c18o to investigate whether there is evidence for depletion freezeout towards these objects observations of the j21 transitions of c18o and c17o are used to derive the column densities of gas towards the sources and these are compared with those derived from submillimetre continuum observations the derived fractional abundance suggests that the co species show a range of degrees of depletion towards the objects we then use the radiative transfer code ratran to model a selection of the sources to confirm that the spread of abundances is not a result of assumptions made when calculating the column densities we find a range of abundances of c17o that cannot be accounted for by global variations in either the temperature or dust properties and so must reflect source to source variations the most likely explanation is that different sources show different degrees of depletion of the co comparison of the c17o linewidths of our sources with those of cs presented by other authors reveal a division of the sources into two groups sources with a cs linewidth 3 kms have low abundances of c17o while sources with narrower cs lines have typically higher c17o abundances we suggest that this represents an evolutionary trend depletion towards these objects shows that the gas remains cold and dense for long enough for the trace species to deplete the range of depletion measured suggests that these objects have lifetimes of 24x105 years
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712.1513
The Future of Cosmology
This article is the written version of the closing talk presented at the conference `A Century of Cosmology' held at San Servolo, Italy, in August 2007. I focus on the prospects of constraining fundamental physics from cosmological observations, using the search for gravitational waves from inflation and constraints on the equation of state of dark energy as topical examples. I argue that it is important to strike a balance between the importance of a scientific discovery against the likelihood of making the discovery in the first place. Astronomers should be wary of embarking on large observational projects with narrow and speculative scientific goals. We should maintain a diverse range of research programmes as we move into a second century of cosmology. If we do so, discoveries that will reshape fundamental physics will surely come.
astro-ph
this article is the written version of the closing talk presented at the conference a century of cosmology held at san servolo italy in august 2007 i focus on the prospects of constraining fundamental physics from cosmological observations using the search for gravitational waves from inflation and constraints on the equation of state of dark energy as topical examples i argue that it is important to strike a balance between the importance of a scientific discovery against the likelihood of making the discovery in the first place astronomers should be wary of embarking on large observational projects with narrow and speculative scientific goals we should maintain a diverse range of research programmes as we move into a second century of cosmology if we do so discoveries that will reshape fundamental physics will surely come
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712.1514
Magnetic bottles on the Poincar\'e half-plane: spectral asymptotics
We consider a magnetic laplacian P(A) on the Poincar\'e half-plane, when the magnetic field dA is infinite at infinity such that P(A) has pure discret spectrum. We give the asymptotic behavior of the counting function of the eigenvalues.
math-ph math.MP
we consider a magnetic laplacian pa on the poincare halfplane when the magnetic field da is infinite at infinity such that pa has pure discret spectrum we give the asymptotic behavior of the counting function of the eigenvalues
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712.1515
Higher-order-in-spin interaction Hamiltonians for binary black holes from source terms of Kerr geometry in approximate ADM coordinates
The Kerr metric outside the ergosphere is transformed into ADM coordinates up to the orders $1/r^4$ and $a^2$, respectively in radial coordinate $r$ and reduced angular momentum variable $a$, starting from the Kerr solution in quasi-isotropic as well as harmonic coordinates. The distributional source terms for the approximate solution are calculated. To leading order in linear momenta, higher-order-in-spin interaction Hamiltonians for black-hole binaries are derived.
gr-qc
the kerr metric outside the ergosphere is transformed into adm coordinates up to the orders 1r4 and a2 respectively in radial coordinate r and reduced angular momentum variable a starting from the kerr solution in quasiisotropic as well as harmonic coordinates the distributional source terms for the approximate solution are calculated to leading order in linear momenta higherorderinspin interaction hamiltonians for blackhole binaries are derived
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712.1516
Study of B0 --> l+l'- decays (l,l' = e,mu)
We present a search for the decays B0 --> e+e-, B0 --> mu+ mu- and B0 --> e mu using data collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e+e-collider at SLAC. Using a dataset corresponding to 384 x 10^6 BBbar pairs, we do not find evidence of any of the three decay modes. We obtain upper limit on the branching fractions, at 90% confidence level, of B(B0 --> e+e-)< 11.3 x 10^{-8}, B(B0 --> mu+ mu-) < 5.2 x 10^{-8}, and B(B0 --> e mu) < 9.2 x 10^{-8}.
hep-ex
we present a search for the decays b0 ee b0 mu mu and b0 e mu using data collected with the babar detector at the pepii eecollider at slac using a dataset corresponding to 384 x 106 bbbar pairs we do not find evidence of any of the three decay modes we obtain upper limit on the branching fractions at 90 confidence level of bb0 ee 113 x 108 bb0 mu mu 52 x 108 and bb0 e mu 92 x 108
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712.1517
Remnant Break-up and Muon Production in Cosmic Ray Air Showers
We discuss the relation between remnant fragmentation in inelastic high-energy hadronic interactions and muon production in extensive cosmic ray air showers. Using a newly developed tool, a simple and flexible hadronic event generator, we analyze the forward region of hadronic interactions. We show that measurements of the Feynman-x distribution in the beam fragmentation region at LHCf will be key to understanding muon production in air showers quantitatively.
hep-ph
we discuss the relation between remnant fragmentation in inelastic highenergy hadronic interactions and muon production in extensive cosmic ray air showers using a newly developed tool a simple and flexible hadronic event generator we analyze the forward region of hadronic interactions we show that measurements of the feynmanx distribution in the beam fragmentation region at lhcf will be key to understanding muon production in air showers quantitatively
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712.1518
Phase diagram of anisotropic boson t-J model
We have studied by Quantum Monte Carlo simulations the low temperature phase diagram of a mixture of isotopic, hard core bosons, described by the t-Jz-Jperp model, with Jperp=a Jz. Coexistence of superfluid hole-rich and insulating, antiferromagnetically ordered hole-free phases is observed at sufficiently low hole density, for any a < 1. A two-component checkerboard supersolid phase is not observed. The experimental relevance and possible broader implications of these findings are discussed.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.other
we have studied by quantum monte carlo simulations the low temperature phase diagram of a mixture of isotopic hard core bosons described by the tjzjperp model with jperpa jz coexistence of superfluid holerich and insulating antiferromagnetically ordered holefree phases is observed at sufficiently low hole density for any a 1 a twocomponent checkerboard supersolid phase is not observed the experimental relevance and possible broader implications of these findings are discussed
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712.1519
Discrete Nondeterminism and Nash Equilibria for Strategy-Based Games
Several notions of game enjoy a Nash-like notion of equilibrium without guarantee of existence. There are different ways of weakening a definition of Nash-like equilibrium in order to guarantee the existence of a weakened equilibrium. Nash's approach to the problem for strategic games is probabilistic, \textit{i.e.} continuous, and static. CP and BR approaches for CP and BR games are discrete and dynamic. This paper proposes an approach that lies between those two different approaches: a discrete and static approach. multi strategic games are introduced as a formalism that is able to express both sequential and simultaneous decision-making, which promises a good modelling power. multi strategic games are a generalisation of strategic games and sequential graph games that still enjoys a Cartesian product structure, \textit{i.e.} where agent actually choose their strategies. A pre-fixed point result allows guaranteeing existence of discrete and non deterministic equilibria. On the one hand, these equilibria can be computed with polynomial (low) complexity. On the other hand, they are effective in terms of recommendation, as shown by a numerical example.
cs.GT
several notions of game enjoy a nashlike notion of equilibrium without guarantee of existence there are different ways of weakening a definition of nashlike equilibrium in order to guarantee the existence of a weakened equilibrium nashs approach to the problem for strategic games is probabilistic textitie continuous and static cp and br approaches for cp and br games are discrete and dynamic this paper proposes an approach that lies between those two different approaches a discrete and static approach multi strategic games are introduced as a formalism that is able to express both sequential and simultaneous decisionmaking which promises a good modelling power multi strategic games are a generalisation of strategic games and sequential graph games that still enjoys a cartesian product structure textitie where agent actually choose their strategies a prefixed point result allows guaranteeing existence of discrete and non deterministic equilibria on the one hand these equilibria can be computed with polynomial low complexity on the other hand they are effective in terms of recommendation as shown by a numerical example
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712.152
Noncommutivity and Scalar Field Cosmology
In this work we extend and apply a previous proposal to study noncommutative cosmology to the FRW cosmological background coupled to a scalar field, this is done in classical and quantum scenarios. In both cases noncommutativity is introduced in the gravitational field as well as in the scalar field through a deformation of minisuperspace and are able to find exact solutions. Finally, the effects of noncommutativity on the classical evolution are analyzed.
gr-qc
in this work we extend and apply a previous proposal to study noncommutative cosmology to the frw cosmological background coupled to a scalar field this is done in classical and quantum scenarios in both cases noncommutativity is introduced in the gravitational field as well as in the scalar field through a deformation of minisuperspace and are able to find exact solutions finally the effects of noncommutativity on the classical evolution are analyzed
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712.1521
Graphs and Path Equilibria
The quest for optimal/stable paths in graphs has gained attention in a few practical or theoretical areas. To take part in this quest this chapter adopts an equilibrium-oriented approach that is abstract and general: it works with (quasi-arbitrary) arc-labelled digraphs, and it assumes very little about the structure of the sought paths and the definition of equilibrium, \textit{i.e.} optimality/stability. In this setting, this chapter presents a sufficient condition for equilibrium existence for every graph; it also presents a necessary condition for equilibrium existence for every graph. The necessary condition does not imply the sufficient condition a priori. However, the chapter pinpoints their logical difference and thus identifies what work remains to be done. Moreover, the necessary and the sufficient conditions coincide when the definition of optimality relates to a total order, which provides a full-equivalence property. These results are applied to network routing.
cs.GT
the quest for optimalstable paths in graphs has gained attention in a few practical or theoretical areas to take part in this quest this chapter adopts an equilibriumoriented approach that is abstract and general it works with quasiarbitrary arclabelled digraphs and it assumes very little about the structure of the sought paths and the definition of equilibrium textitie optimalitystability in this setting this chapter presents a sufficient condition for equilibrium existence for every graph it also presents a necessary condition for equilibrium existence for every graph the necessary condition does not imply the sufficient condition a priori however the chapter pinpoints their logical difference and thus identifies what work remains to be done moreover the necessary and the sufficient conditions coincide when the definition of optimality relates to a total order which provides a fullequivalence property these results are applied to network routing
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712.1522
Freeware solutions for spectropolarimetric data reduction
Most of the solar physicists use very expensive software for data reduction and visualization. We present hereafter a reliable freeware solution based on the Python language. This is made possible by the association of the latter with a small set of additional libraries developed in the scientific community. It provides then a very powerful and economical alternative to other interactive data languages. Although it can also be used for any kind of post-processing of data, we demonstrate the capabities of such a set of freeware tools using THeMIS observations of the second solar spectrum.
astro-ph
most of the solar physicists use very expensive software for data reduction and visualization we present hereafter a reliable freeware solution based on the python language this is made possible by the association of the latter with a small set of additional libraries developed in the scientific community it provides then a very powerful and economical alternative to other interactive data languages although it can also be used for any kind of postprocessing of data we demonstrate the capabities of such a set of freeware tools using themis observations of the second solar spectrum
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712.1523
Hypermagnetic Baryogenesis
We study a new scenario for baryogenesis due to the spontaneous breaking of the $CPT$ invariance through the interaction between a baryon current and a hypermagnetic helicity. The hypermagnetic helicity (Chern-Simons number) of $U(1)_Y$ provides a $CPT$ violation background for the generation of baryons via sphaleron processes, which protects these baryons from the sphaleron wash-out effect in thermal equilibrium. It is shown that if the present amplitude of the resultant magnetic fields are sufficiently large, for a wide range mass scale (from TeV to the Planck scale), the observational magnitude of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe can be realized.
hep-ph astro-ph hep-th
we study a new scenario for baryogenesis due to the spontaneous breaking of the cpt invariance through the interaction between a baryon current and a hypermagnetic helicity the hypermagnetic helicity chernsimons number of u1_y provides a cpt violation background for the generation of baryons via sphaleron processes which protects these baryons from the sphaleron washout effect in thermal equilibrium it is shown that if the present amplitude of the resultant magnetic fields are sufficiently large for a wide range mass scale from tev to the planck scale the observational magnitude of the baryon asymmetry of the universe can be realized
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712.1524
Emptiness formation probability in the domain-wall six-vertex model
The emptiness formation probability in the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions is considered. This correlation function allows one to address the problem of limit shapes in the model. We apply the quantum inverse scattering method to calculate the emptiness formation probability for the inhomogeneous model. For the homogeneous model, the result is given both in terms of certain determinant and as a multiple integral representation.
math-ph cond-mat.stat-mech math.MP
the emptiness formation probability in the sixvertex model with domain wall boundary conditions is considered this correlation function allows one to address the problem of limit shapes in the model we apply the quantum inverse scattering method to calculate the emptiness formation probability for the inhomogeneous model for the homogeneous model the result is given both in terms of certain determinant and as a multiple integral representation
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712.1525
On the von Karman-Howarth equations for Hall MHD flows
The von Karman-Howarth equations are derived for three-dimensional (3D) Hall magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in the case of an homogeneous and isotropic turbulence. From these equations, we derive exact scaling laws for the third-order correlation tensors. We show how these relations are compatible with previous heuristic and numerical results. These multi-scale laws provide a relevant tool to investigate the non-linear nature of the high frequency magnetic field fluctuations in the solar wind or, more generally, in any plasma where the Hall effect is important.
astro-ph
the von karmanhowarth equations are derived for threedimensional 3d hall magnetohydrodynamics mhd in the case of an homogeneous and isotropic turbulence from these equations we derive exact scaling laws for the thirdorder correlation tensors we show how these relations are compatible with previous heuristic and numerical results these multiscale laws provide a relevant tool to investigate the nonlinear nature of the high frequency magnetic field fluctuations in the solar wind or more generally in any plasma where the hall effect is important
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712.1526
Cold SO_2 molecules by Stark deceleration
We produce SO_2 molecules with a centre of mass velocity near zero using a Stark decelerator. Since the initial kinetic energy of the supersonic SO_2 molecular beam is high, and the removed kinetic energy per stage is small, 326 deceleration stages are necessary to bring SO_2 to a complete standstill, significantly more than in other experiments. We show that in such a decelerator possible loss due to coupling between the motional degrees of freedom must be considered. Experimental results are compared with 3D Monte-Carlo simulations and the quantum state selectivity of the Stark decelerator is demonstrated.
physics.atom-ph
we produce so_2 molecules with a centre of mass velocity near zero using a stark decelerator since the initial kinetic energy of the supersonic so_2 molecular beam is high and the removed kinetic energy per stage is small 326 deceleration stages are necessary to bring so_2 to a complete standstill significantly more than in other experiments we show that in such a decelerator possible loss due to coupling between the motional degrees of freedom must be considered experimental results are compared with 3d montecarlo simulations and the quantum state selectivity of the stark decelerator is demonstrated
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712.1527
'Jet breaks' and 'missing breaks' in the X-Ray afterglow of Gamma Ray Bursts
The X-ray afterglows (AGs) of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) and X-Ray Flashes (XRFs) have, after the fast decline phase of their prompt emission, a temporal behaviour varying between two extremes. A large fraction of these AGs has a 'canonical' light curve which, after an initial shallow-decay 'plateau' phase, 'breaks smoothly' into a fast power-law decline. Very energetic GRBs, contrariwise, appear not to have a 'break', their AG declines like a power-law from the start of the observations. Breaks and 'missing breaks' are intimately related to the geometry and deceleration of the jets responsible for GRBs. In the frame of the 'cannonball' (CB) model of GRBs and XRFs, we analyze the cited extreme behaviours (canonical and pure power-law) and intermediate cases spanning the observed range of X-ray AG shapes. We show that the entire panoply of X-ray light-curve shapes --measured with Swift and other satellites-- are as anticipated, on very limpid grounds, by the CB model. We test the expected correlations between the AG's shape and the peak- and isotropic energies of the prompt radiation, strengthening a simple conclusion of the analysis of AG shapes: in energetic GRBs the break is not truly 'missing', it is hidden under the tail of the prompt emission, or it occurs too early to be recorded. We also verify that the spectral index of the unabsorbed AGs and the temporal index of their late power-law decline differ by half a unit, as predicted.
astro-ph
the xray afterglows ags of gammaray bursts grbs and xray flashes xrfs have after the fast decline phase of their prompt emission a temporal behaviour varying between two extremes a large fraction of these ags has a canonical light curve which after an initial shallowdecay plateau phase breaks smoothly into a fast powerlaw decline very energetic grbs contrariwise appear not to have a break their ag declines like a powerlaw from the start of the observations breaks and missing breaks are intimately related to the geometry and deceleration of the jets responsible for grbs in the frame of the cannonball cb model of grbs and xrfs we analyze the cited extreme behaviours canonical and pure powerlaw and intermediate cases spanning the observed range of xray ag shapes we show that the entire panoply of xray lightcurve shapes measured with swift and other satellites are as anticipated on very limpid grounds by the cb model we test the expected correlations between the ags shape and the peak and isotropic energies of the prompt radiation strengthening a simple conclusion of the analysis of ag shapes in energetic grbs the break is not truly missing it is hidden under the tail of the prompt emission or it occurs too early to be recorded we also verify that the spectral index of the unabsorbed ags and the temporal index of their late powerlaw decline differ by half a unit as predicted
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712.1528
Fermion Mass Hierarchies and Flavour Mixing from a Minimal Discrete Symmetry
We construct a simple model of fermion masses based on a spontaneously broken S3 X Z3 flavour group. At the leading order, in the neutrino sector S3 is broken down to a \nu_\mu-\nu_\tau parity subgroup that enforces a maximal atmospheric mixing angle and a vanishing \theta_{13}. In the charged lepton sector the \nu_\mu-\nu_\tau parity is maximally broken and the resulting mass matrix is nearly diagonal. The charged lepton mass hierarchy is automatically reproduced by the S3 symmetry breaking parameter alone. A careful analysis shows that, after the inclusion of all relevant subleading effects, the model predicts \theta_{23}=\pi/4+O(\lambda_c^2) and \theta_{13}=O(\lambda_c^2), \lambda_c denoting the Cabibbo angle. A simple extension to the quark sector is also illustrated, where the mass spectrum and the mixing angles are naturally reproduced, with the exception of the mixing angle between the first two generations, that requires a small accidental enhancement.
hep-ph
we construct a simple model of fermion masses based on a spontaneously broken s3 x z3 flavour group at the leading order in the neutrino sector s3 is broken down to a nu_munu_tau parity subgroup that enforces a maximal atmospheric mixing angle and a vanishing theta_13 in the charged lepton sector the nu_munu_tau parity is maximally broken and the resulting mass matrix is nearly diagonal the charged lepton mass hierarchy is automatically reproduced by the s3 symmetry breaking parameter alone a careful analysis shows that after the inclusion of all relevant subleading effects the model predicts theta_23pi4olambda_c2 and theta_13olambda_c2 lambda_c denoting the cabibbo angle a simple extension to the quark sector is also illustrated where the mass spectrum and the mixing angles are naturally reproduced with the exception of the mixing angle between the first two generations that requires a small accidental enhancement
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712.1529
Ontology and Formal Semantics - Integration Overdue
In this note we suggest that difficulties encountered in natural language semantics are, for the most part, due to the use of mere symbol manipulation systems that are devoid of any content. In such systems, where there is hardly any link with our common-sense view of the world, and it is quite difficult to envision how one can formally account for the considerable amount of content that is often implicit, but almost never explicitly stated in our everyday discourse. The solution, in our opinion, is a compositional semantics grounded in an ontology that reflects our commonsense view of the world and the way we talk about it in ordinary language. In the compositional logic we envision there are ontological (or first-intension) concepts, and logical (or second-intension) concepts, and where the ontological concepts include not only Davidsonian events, but other abstract objects as well (e.g., states, processes, properties, activities, attributes, etc.) It will be demonstrated here that in such a framework, a number of challenges in the semantics of natural language (e.g., metonymy, intensionality, metaphor, etc.) can be properly and uniformly addressed.
cs.AI cs.CL
in this note we suggest that difficulties encountered in natural language semantics are for the most part due to the use of mere symbol manipulation systems that are devoid of any content in such systems where there is hardly any link with our commonsense view of the world and it is quite difficult to envision how one can formally account for the considerable amount of content that is often implicit but almost never explicitly stated in our everyday discourse the solution in our opinion is a compositional semantics grounded in an ontology that reflects our commonsense view of the world and the way we talk about it in ordinary language in the compositional logic we envision there are ontological or firstintension concepts and logical or secondintension concepts and where the ontological concepts include not only davidsonian events but other abstract objects as well eg states processes properties activities attributes etc it will be demonstrated here that in such a framework a number of challenges in the semantics of natural language eg metonymy intensionality metaphor etc can be properly and uniformly addressed
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712.153
Supersymmetric N=2 Einstein-Yang-Mills monopoles and covariant attractors
We present two generic classes of supersymmetric solutions of N=2, d=4 supergravity coupled to non-Abelian vector supermultiplets with a gauge group that includes an SU(2) factor. The first class consists of embeddings of the 't Hooft-Polyakov monopole and in the examples considered it has a fully regular, asymptotically flat space-time metric without event horizons. The other class of solutions consists of regular non-Abelian extreme black holes. There is a covariant attractor at the horizon of these non-Abelian black holes.
hep-th gr-qc
we present two generic classes of supersymmetric solutions of n2 d4 supergravity coupled to nonabelian vector supermultiplets with a gauge group that includes an su2 factor the first class consists of embeddings of the t hooftpolyakov monopole and in the examples considered it has a fully regular asymptotically flat spacetime metric without event horizons the other class of solutions consists of regular nonabelian extreme black holes there is a covariant attractor at the horizon of these nonabelian black holes
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712.1531
Binding Energies of the Deuteron, the Neutron and the Alpha Particle from a Theoretical Geometric Model
We assume a triple geometric structure for the electromagnetic nuclear interaction. This nuclear electromagnetism is used to calculate the binding energies of the deuteron and the neutron. The corresponding Pauli quantum wave equation in a geometric theory, with the SU(2) electromagnetic coupling instead of the standard "minimal" coupling, contains a 1/r to-the-fourth-power, short-range attractive magnetic potential term. This term, produced by the odd part of the electromagnetic potential, may be responsible for a strong nuclear interaction. An approximation for the resultant wave equation leads to the modified Mathieu equation. Completely theoretical calculations give 2.205 Mev, 0.782 Mev and 27.6 Mev for the binding energies of the deuteron, the neutron and the alpha particle respectively. These values admit correction factors due to the approximations made.
physics.gen-ph
we assume a triple geometric structure for the electromagnetic nuclear interaction this nuclear electromagnetism is used to calculate the binding energies of the deuteron and the neutron the corresponding pauli quantum wave equation in a geometric theory with the su2 electromagnetic coupling instead of the standard minimal coupling contains a 1r tothefourthpower shortrange attractive magnetic potential term this term produced by the odd part of the electromagnetic potential may be responsible for a strong nuclear interaction an approximation for the resultant wave equation leads to the modified mathieu equation completely theoretical calculations give 2205 mev 0782 mev and 276 mev for the binding energies of the deuteron the neutron and the alpha particle respectively these values admit correction factors due to the approximations made
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712.1532
Hard constraint satisfaction problems have hard gaps at location 1
An instance of Max CSP is a finite collection of constraints on a set of variables, and the goal is to assign values to the variables that maximises the number of satisfied constraints. Max CSP captures many well-known problems (such as Max k-SAT and Max Cut) and is consequently NP-hard. Thus, it is natural to study how restrictions on the allowed constraint types (or constraint languages) affect the complexity and approximability of Max CSP. The PCP theorem is equivalent to the existence of a constraint language for which Max CSP has a hard gap at location 1, i.e. it is NP-hard to distinguish between satisfiable instances and instances where at most some constant fraction of the constraints are satisfiable. All constraint languages, for which the CSP problem (i.e., the problem of deciding whether all constraints can be satisfied) is currently known to be NP-hard, have a certain algebraic property. We prove that any constraint language with this algebraic property makes Max CSP have a hard gap at location 1 which, in particular, implies that such problems cannot have a PTAS unless P = NP. We then apply this result to Max CSP restricted to a single constraint type; this class of problems contains, for instance, Max Cut and Max DiCut. Assuming P $\neq$ NP, we show that such problems do not admit PTAS except in some trivial cases. Our results hold even if the number of occurrences of each variable is bounded by a constant. We use these results to partially answer open questions and strengthen results by Engebretsen et al. [Theor. Comput. Sci., 312 (2004), pp. 17--45], Feder et al. [Discrete Math., 307 (2007), pp. 386--392], Krokhin and Larose [Proc. Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (2005), pp. 388--402], and Jonsson and Krokhin [J. Comput. System Sci., 73 (2007), pp. 691--702]
cs.CC
an instance of max csp is a finite collection of constraints on a set of variables and the goal is to assign values to the variables that maximises the number of satisfied constraints max csp captures many wellknown problems such as max ksat and max cut and is consequently nphard thus it is natural to study how restrictions on the allowed constraint types or constraint languages affect the complexity and approximability of max csp the pcp theorem is equivalent to the existence of a constraint language for which max csp has a hard gap at location 1 ie it is nphard to distinguish between satisfiable instances and instances where at most some constant fraction of the constraints are satisfiable all constraint languages for which the csp problem ie the problem of deciding whether all constraints can be satisfied is currently known to be nphard have a certain algebraic property we prove that any constraint language with this algebraic property makes max csp have a hard gap at location 1 which in particular implies that such problems cannot have a ptas unless p np we then apply this result to max csp restricted to a single constraint type this class of problems contains for instance max cut and max dicut assuming p neq np we show that such problems do not admit ptas except in some trivial cases our results hold even if the number of occurrences of each variable is bounded by a constant we use these results to partially answer open questions and strengthen results by engebretsen et al theor comput sci 312 2004 pp 1745 feder et al discrete math 307 2007 pp 386392 krokhin and larose proc principles and practice of constraint programming 2005 pp 388402 and jonsson and krokhin j comput system sci 73 2007 pp 691702
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712.1533
Radio pulses from cosmic ray air showers - Boosted Coulomb and Cherenkov fields
High-energy cosmic rays passing through the Earth's atmosphere produce extensive showers whose charges emit radio frequency pulses. Despite the low density of the Earth's atmosphere, this emission should be affected by the air refractive index because the bulk of the shower particles move roughly at the speed of radio waves, so that the retarded altitude of emission, the relativistic boost and the emission pattern are modified. We consider in this paper the contribution of the boosted Coulomb and the Cherenkov fields and calculate analytically the spectrum using a very simplified model in order to highlight the main properties. We find that typically the lower half of the shower charge energy distribution produces a boosted Coulomb field, of amplitude comparable to the levels measured and to those calculated previously for synchrotron emission. Higher energy particles produce instead a Cherenkov-like field, whose amplitude may be smaller because both the negative charge excess and the separation between charges of opposite signs are small at these energies.
astro-ph
highenergy cosmic rays passing through the earths atmosphere produce extensive showers whose charges emit radio frequency pulses despite the low density of the earths atmosphere this emission should be affected by the air refractive index because the bulk of the shower particles move roughly at the speed of radio waves so that the retarded altitude of emission the relativistic boost and the emission pattern are modified we consider in this paper the contribution of the boosted coulomb and the cherenkov fields and calculate analytically the spectrum using a very simplified model in order to highlight the main properties we find that typically the lower half of the shower charge energy distribution produces a boosted coulomb field of amplitude comparable to the levels measured and to those calculated previously for synchrotron emission higher energy particles produce instead a cherenkovlike field whose amplitude may be smaller because both the negative charge excess and the separation between charges of opposite signs are small at these energies
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712.1534
Perturbative approach for mass varying neutrinos coupled to the dark sector in the generalized Chaplygin gas scenario
We suggest a perturbative approach for generic choices for the universe equation of state and introduce a novel framework for studying mass varying neutrinos (MaVaN's) coupled to the dark sector. For concreteness, we examine the coupling between neutrinos and the underlying scalar field associated with the generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG), a unification model for dark energy and dark matter. It is shown that the application of a perturbative approach to MaVaN mechanisms translates into a constraint on the coefficient of a linear perturbation, which depends on the ratio between a neutrino energy dependent term and scalar field potential terms. We quantify the effects on the MaVaN sector by considering neutrino masses generated by the seesaw mechanism. After setting the GCG parameters in agreement with general cosmological constraints, we find that the squared speed of sound in the neutrino-scalar GCG fluid is naturally positive. In this scenario, the model stability depends on previously set up parameters associated with the equation of state of the universe. Our results suggest that the GCG is a particularly suitable candidate for constructing a stable MaVaN scenario.
astro-ph
we suggest a perturbative approach for generic choices for the universe equation of state and introduce a novel framework for studying mass varying neutrinos mavans coupled to the dark sector for concreteness we examine the coupling between neutrinos and the underlying scalar field associated with the generalized chaplygin gas gcg a unification model for dark energy and dark matter it is shown that the application of a perturbative approach to mavan mechanisms translates into a constraint on the coefficient of a linear perturbation which depends on the ratio between a neutrino energy dependent term and scalar field potential terms we quantify the effects on the mavan sector by considering neutrino masses generated by the seesaw mechanism after setting the gcg parameters in agreement with general cosmological constraints we find that the squared speed of sound in the neutrinoscalar gcg fluid is naturally positive in this scenario the model stability depends on previously set up parameters associated with the equation of state of the universe our results suggest that the gcg is a particularly suitable candidate for constructing a stable mavan scenario
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712.1535
Completely positive maps and extremal K-set
We explain how to find the KK-theoretic counterpart of extremal K-set defined by Larry Brown and Gert Pedersen.
math.OA
we explain how to find the kktheoretic counterpart of extremal kset defined by larry brown and gert pedersen
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712.1536
GeV emission from Gamma-Ray Burst afterglows
We calculate the GeV afterglow emission expected from a few mechanisms related to GRBs and their afterglows. Given the brightness of the early X-ray afterglow emission measured by Swift/XRT, GLAST/LAT should detect the self-Compton emission from the forward-shock driven by the GRB ejecta into the circumburst medium. Novel features discovered by Swift in X-ray afterglows (plateaus and chromatic light-curve breaks) indicate the existence of a pair-enriched, relativistic outflow located behind the forward shock. Bulk and inverse-Compton upscattering of the prompt GRB emission by such outflows provide another source of GeV afterglow emission detectable by LAT. The large-angle burst emission and synchrotron forward-shock emission are, most likely, too dim at high photon energy to be observed by LAT. The spectral slope of the high-energy afterglow emission and its decay rate (if it can be measured) allow the identification of the mechanism producing the GeV transient emission following GRBs.
astro-ph
we calculate the gev afterglow emission expected from a few mechanisms related to grbs and their afterglows given the brightness of the early xray afterglow emission measured by swiftxrt glastlat should detect the selfcompton emission from the forwardshock driven by the grb ejecta into the circumburst medium novel features discovered by swift in xray afterglows plateaus and chromatic lightcurve breaks indicate the existence of a pairenriched relativistic outflow located behind the forward shock bulk and inversecompton upscattering of the prompt grb emission by such outflows provide another source of gev afterglow emission detectable by lat the largeangle burst emission and synchrotron forwardshock emission are most likely too dim at high photon energy to be observed by lat the spectral slope of the highenergy afterglow emission and its decay rate if it can be measured allow the identification of the mechanism producing the gev transient emission following grbs
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712.1537
Fractional magnetization plateaus and magnetic order in the Shastry Sutherland magnet TmB4
We investigate the phase diagram of TmB4, an Ising magnet on a frustrated Shastry-Sutherland lattice by neutron diffraction and magnetization experiments. At low temperature we find Neel order at low field, ferrimagnetic order at high field and an intermediate phase with magnetization plateaus at fractional values M/Msat = 1/7, 1/8, 1/9 ... and spatial stripe structures. Using an effective S = 1/2 model and its equivalent two-dimensional (2D) fermion gas we suggest that the magnetic properties of TmB4 are related to the fractional quantum Hall effect of a 2D electron gas.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.other
we investigate the phase diagram of tmb4 an ising magnet on a frustrated shastrysutherland lattice by neutron diffraction and magnetization experiments at low temperature we find neel order at low field ferrimagnetic order at high field and an intermediate phase with magnetization plateaus at fractional values mmsat 17 18 19 and spatial stripe structures using an effective s 12 model and its equivalent twodimensional 2d fermion gas we suggest that the magnetic properties of tmb4 are related to the fractional quantum hall effect of a 2d electron gas
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712.1538
Massive Connection Bosons
It is shown that geometric connection field excitations acquire mass terms from a geometric background substratum related to the structure of space-time. Commutation relations in the electromagnetic su(2) sector of the connection limit the number of possible masses. Calculated results, within corrections of order alpha, are very close to the experimental masses of the intermediate W, Z bosons.
physics.gen-ph
it is shown that geometric connection field excitations acquire mass terms from a geometric background substratum related to the structure of spacetime commutation relations in the electromagnetic su2 sector of the connection limit the number of possible masses calculated results within corrections of order alpha are very close to the experimental masses of the intermediate w z bosons
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712.1539
Rigidity of representations in SO(4,1) for Dehn fillings on 2-bridge knots
We prove that, for a hyperbolic two bridge knot, infinitely many Dehn fillings are rigid in $SO_0(4,1)$. Here rigidity means that any discrete and faithful representation in $SO_0(4,1)$ is conjugate to the holonomy representation in $SO_0(3,1)$. We also show local rigidity for almost all Dehn fillings.
math.GT
we prove that for a hyperbolic two bridge knot infinitely many dehn fillings are rigid in so_041 here rigidity means that any discrete and faithful representation in so_041 is conjugate to the holonomy representation in so_031 we also show local rigidity for almost all dehn fillings
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712.154
Initial Magnetization of Galaxies by Exploding, Magnetized Stars
We conduct a series of magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations of magnetized interstellar medium (ISM) disturbed by exploding stars. Each star deposits a randomly oriented, dipolar magnetic field into ISM. The simulations are performed in a Cartesian box, in a reference frame that is corotating with the galactic disk. The medium is stratified by vertical galactic gravity. The resulting turbulent state of ISM magnetized by the stellar explosions is processed with the aid of Fourier analysis. The results leads to the conclusion that the input of magnetic energy from exploding stars is additionally multiplied by differential rotation. The resulting magnetic field appears to grow up in small-scale component, while the total magnetic flux remains limited. Our results indicate that magnetic field originating from exploding stars can be a source of initial magnetic fields for a subsequent dynamo process.
astro-ph
we conduct a series of magnetohydrodynamical mhd simulations of magnetized interstellar medium ism disturbed by exploding stars each star deposits a randomly oriented dipolar magnetic field into ism the simulations are performed in a cartesian box in a reference frame that is corotating with the galactic disk the medium is stratified by vertical galactic gravity the resulting turbulent state of ism magnetized by the stellar explosions is processed with the aid of fourier analysis the results leads to the conclusion that the input of magnetic energy from exploding stars is additionally multiplied by differential rotation the resulting magnetic field appears to grow up in smallscale component while the total magnetic flux remains limited our results indicate that magnetic field originating from exploding stars can be a source of initial magnetic fields for a subsequent dynamo process
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712.1541
A sample of mJy radio sources at 1.4 GHz in the Lynx and Hercules fields - II. Cosmic evolution of the space density of FRI radio sources
In this paper the cosmic evolution of the space density of Fanaroff & Riley Class I (FRI) radio sources is investigated out to z ~ 1, in order to understand the origin of the differences between these and the more powerful FRIIs. High resolution radio images are presented of the best high redshift FRI candidate galaxies, drawn from two fields of the Leiden Berkeley Deep Survey, and previously defined in Rigby, Snellen & Best (2007, Paper I). Together with lower resolution radio observations (both previously published in Paper I and, for a subset of sources, also presented here) these are used to morphologically classify the sample. Sources which are clearly resolved are classified by morphology alone, whereas barely or unresolved sources were classified using a combination of morphology and flux density loss in the higher resolution data, indicative of resolved out extended emission. The space densities of the FRIs are then calculated as a function of redshift, and compared to both measurements of the local value and the behaviour of the more powerful FRIIs. The space density of FRI radio sources with luminosities (at 1.4 GHz) > 10^25 W/Hz is enhanced by a factor of 5-9 by z ~ 1, implying moderately strong evolution of this population; this enhancement is in good agreement with models of FRII evolution at the same luminosity. There are also indications that the evolution is luminosity dependent, with the lower powered sources evolving less strongly.
astro-ph
in this paper the cosmic evolution of the space density of fanaroff riley class i fri radio sources is investigated out to z 1 in order to understand the origin of the differences between these and the more powerful friis high resolution radio images are presented of the best high redshift fri candidate galaxies drawn from two fields of the leiden berkeley deep survey and previously defined in rigby snellen best 2007 paper i together with lower resolution radio observations both previously published in paper i and for a subset of sources also presented here these are used to morphologically classify the sample sources which are clearly resolved are classified by morphology alone whereas barely or unresolved sources were classified using a combination of morphology and flux density loss in the higher resolution data indicative of resolved out extended emission the space densities of the fris are then calculated as a function of redshift and compared to both measurements of the local value and the behaviour of the more powerful friis the space density of fri radio sources with luminosities at 14 ghz 1025 whz is enhanced by a factor of 59 by z 1 implying moderately strong evolution of this population this enhancement is in good agreement with models of frii evolution at the same luminosity there are also indications that the evolution is luminosity dependent with the lower powered sources evolving less strongly
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712.1542
Duplicity and Evolution Status of the Early-Type Be Star V622 Per, the Member of the ChiPer Open Star Cluster
Radial velocities analysis based on high-resolution spectra, obtained in the H$\alpha$ region and low resolution spectra obtained in the region 4420-4960\AA together with radial velocities, taken from other published sources allow us to calculate orbital parameters of the massive binary system V622 Per. It is shown that the system has an orbital period 5.214(29) days, T$_0$ = 2450661(4) and is a post mass transfer binary. From light curve analysis of the ellipsoidal variability we obtained inclination angle of the system and temperature of the components. Luminosity ration of the components was found of about 4:1. T$_{eff}$ and $log g$ were estimated for each component. It is shown that primary, less massive but more bright star, is an evolved object that has lost large part of its mass during the evolution. Estimations of chemical composition of the primary show noticeable enrichment by products of the CNO cycles. E.g. He/H reaches 0.18, nitrogen is in excess of about 0.5 dex, carbon has low abundances (by 2-3 dex lower) and oxygen has 1 dex lower than solar abundance. The possible evolution of the binary with the known age 14 Myrs is discussed.
astro-ph
radial velocities analysis based on highresolution spectra obtained in the halpha region and low resolution spectra obtained in the region 44204960aa together with radial velocities taken from other published sources allow us to calculate orbital parameters of the massive binary system v622 per it is shown that the system has an orbital period 521429 days t_0 24506614 and is a post mass transfer binary from light curve analysis of the ellipsoidal variability we obtained inclination angle of the system and temperature of the components luminosity ration of the components was found of about 41 t_eff and log g were estimated for each component it is shown that primary less massive but more bright star is an evolved object that has lost large part of its mass during the evolution estimations of chemical composition of the primary show noticeable enrichment by products of the cno cycles eg heh reaches 018 nitrogen is in excess of about 05 dex carbon has low abundances by 23 dex lower and oxygen has 1 dex lower than solar abundance the possible evolution of the binary with the known age 14 myrs is discussed
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712.1543
Quantum-limited position measurements of a dark matter-wave soliton
We show that the position of a dark matter-wave soliton can be determined with a precision that scales with the atomic density as $n^{-3/4}$. This surpasses the standard shot-noise detection limit for independent particles, without use of squeezing and entanglement, and it suggests that interactions among particles may present new advantages in high-precision metrology. We also take into account quantum density fluctuations due to phonon and Goldstone modes and we show that they, somewhat unexpectedly, actually improve the resolution. This happens because the fluctuations depend on the soliton position and make a larger amount of information available.
quant-ph
we show that the position of a dark matterwave soliton can be determined with a precision that scales with the atomic density as n34 this surpasses the standard shotnoise detection limit for independent particles without use of squeezing and entanglement and it suggests that interactions among particles may present new advantages in highprecision metrology we also take into account quantum density fluctuations due to phonon and goldstone modes and we show that they somewhat unexpectedly actually improve the resolution this happens because the fluctuations depend on the soliton position and make a larger amount of information available
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712.1544
Study of $T'$ Flavor Symmetry
A systematic study of the flavor group $T^{'}$ is presented in terms of a specific model which extends the standard model symmetry to $[SU(3) \times SU(2) \times U(1)]_{(local)} \times [T^{'} \times Z_2 \times Z_2^{'} \times Z_2^{''}]_{(global)}$. In the model, approximate tribimaximal mixing occurs in the neutrino sector. There is also one new formula relating a quark mixing parameter to quark masses. Most exciting are new formulas relating lepton and quark mixing parameters of the type usually associated with grand unification but here relying only on the group structure of $T^{'}$. Flavor-changing neutral currents in the model lead to lower bounds on scalar masses.
hep-ph
a systematic study of the flavor group t is presented in terms of a specific model which extends the standard model symmetry to su3 times su2 times u1_local times t times z_2 times z_2 times z_2_global in the model approximate tribimaximal mixing occurs in the neutrino sector there is also one new formula relating a quark mixing parameter to quark masses most exciting are new formulas relating lepton and quark mixing parameters of the type usually associated with grand unification but here relying only on the group structure of t flavorchanging neutral currents in the model lead to lower bounds on scalar masses
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712.1545
Distribution of X-ray Emission from Jet Knots of 3C273
The jet of the quasar 3C273 is observed at different spectral bands. This jet has a knot structure. Jet radiation in radio and optical bands are connected with synchrotron mechanism, while the emission mechanism producing the X-rays is controversial. We suppose that the X-rays observed for two knots nearest to the quasar can originate from the inverse Compton scattering of external source radiation on relativistic electrons. But in the jet region with constant low X-ray intensity the inverse Compton scattering on cosmic microwave background photons (IC/CMB) is essential because the energy density of external source decreases. Upon this scenario the constraints on the angle between the jet axis and line sight values have been obtained. Also, some physical parameters for two nearest knots of the jet of 3C273 have been estimated.
astro-ph
the jet of the quasar 3c273 is observed at different spectral bands this jet has a knot structure jet radiation in radio and optical bands are connected with synchrotron mechanism while the emission mechanism producing the xrays is controversial we suppose that the xrays observed for two knots nearest to the quasar can originate from the inverse compton scattering of external source radiation on relativistic electrons but in the jet region with constant low xray intensity the inverse compton scattering on cosmic microwave background photons iccmb is essential because the energy density of external source decreases upon this scenario the constraints on the angle between the jet axis and line sight values have been obtained also some physical parameters for two nearest knots of the jet of 3c273 have been estimated
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712.1546
Decameter Type III-Like Bursts
Starting from 1960s Type III-like bursts (Type III bursts with high drift rates) in a wide frequency range from 300 to 950MHz have been observed. These new bursts observed at certain frequency being compared to the usual Type III bursts at the same frequency show similar behaviour but feature frequency drift 2-6 times higher than the normal bursts. In this paper we report the first observations of Type III-like bursts in decameter range, carried out during summer campaigns 2002 - 2004 at UTR-2 radio telescope. The circular polarization of the bursts was measured by the radio telescope URAN-2 in 2004. The observed bursts are analyzed and compared with usual Type III bursts in the decameter range. From the analysis of over 1100 Type III-like bursts, their main parameters have been found. Characteristic feature of the observed bursts is similar to Type III-like bursts at other frequencies, i.e. measured drift rates (5-10 MHz/s) of this bursts are few times larger than that for usual Type III bursts, and their durations (1-2 s) are few times smaller than that for usual Type III bursts in this frequency band.
astro-ph
starting from 1960s type iiilike bursts type iii bursts with high drift rates in a wide frequency range from 300 to 950mhz have been observed these new bursts observed at certain frequency being compared to the usual type iii bursts at the same frequency show similar behaviour but feature frequency drift 26 times higher than the normal bursts in this paper we report the first observations of type iiilike bursts in decameter range carried out during summer campaigns 2002 2004 at utr2 radio telescope the circular polarization of the bursts was measured by the radio telescope uran2 in 2004 the observed bursts are analyzed and compared with usual type iii bursts in the decameter range from the analysis of over 1100 type iiilike bursts their main parameters have been found characteristic feature of the observed bursts is similar to type iiilike bursts at other frequencies ie measured drift rates 510 mhzs of this bursts are few times larger than that for usual type iii bursts and their durations 12 s are few times smaller than that for usual type iii bursts in this frequency band
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712.1547
The First Steps of Radio Astronomy in Czestochowa
In the paper, technical documentation and the principle of operation is presented. "KLAUDIA" radio telescope was built in Rabka in 2007 and it is used to receive secondary radio waves, emitted by the Earth's ionosphere at frequency of 40 kHz.
astro-ph
in the paper technical documentation and the principle of operation is presented klaudia radio telescope was built in rabka in 2007 and it is used to receive secondary radio waves emitted by the earths ionosphere at frequency of 40 khz
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712.1548
Science with the new generation high energy gamma- ray experiments
This Conference is the fifth of a series of Workshops on High Energy Gamma- ray Experiments, following the Conferences held in Perugia 2003, Bari 2004, Cividale del Friuli 2005, Elba Island 2006. This year the focus was on the use of gamma-ray to study the Dark Matter component of the Universe, the origin and propagation of Cosmic Rays, Extra Large Spatial Dimensions and Tests of Lorentz Invariance.
astro-ph gr-qc hep-ph physics.space-ph
this conference is the fifth of a series of workshops on high energy gamma ray experiments following the conferences held in perugia 2003 bari 2004 cividale del friuli 2005 elba island 2006 this year the focus was on the use of gammaray to study the dark matter component of the universe the origin and propagation of cosmic rays extra large spatial dimensions and tests of lorentz invariance
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712.1549
Dynamic Multilevel Graph Visualization
We adapt multilevel, force-directed graph layout techniques to visualizing dynamic graphs in which vertices and edges are added and removed in an online fashion (i.e., unpredictably). We maintain multiple levels of coarseness using a dynamic, randomized coarsening algorithm. To ensure the vertices follow smooth trajectories, we employ dynamics simulation techniques, treating the vertices as point particles. We simulate fine and coarse levels of the graph simultaneously, coupling the dynamics of adjacent levels. Projection from coarser to finer levels is adaptive, with the projection determined by an affine transformation that evolves alongside the graph layouts. The result is a dynamic graph visualizer that quickly and smoothly adapts to changes in a graph.
cs.GR cs.DM
we adapt multilevel forcedirected graph layout techniques to visualizing dynamic graphs in which vertices and edges are added and removed in an online fashion ie unpredictably we maintain multiple levels of coarseness using a dynamic randomized coarsening algorithm to ensure the vertices follow smooth trajectories we employ dynamics simulation techniques treating the vertices as point particles we simulate fine and coarse levels of the graph simultaneously coupling the dynamics of adjacent levels projection from coarser to finer levels is adaptive with the projection determined by an affine transformation that evolves alongside the graph layouts the result is a dynamic graph visualizer that quickly and smoothly adapts to changes in a graph
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712.155
Detection of Small Kuiper Belt Objects by Stellar Occultations
Knowledge of the Kuiper Belt is currently limited to those objects that can be detected directly. Objects with diameters less than $\sim$10km reflect too little light to be detected. These smaller bodies could contain most of the mass in the Kuiper Belt while the abundance of these bodies may constrain the distribution of mass. The overall size distribution of bodies within the Kuiper Belt can also be inferred from the relative abundances of sub-km and larger bodies. Stellar occultations are already used to study dark objects in the Solar System, such as asteroids or planetary rings. Occultation by a KBO of a size comparable to, or larger than, that of the Fresnel Scale will result in Fresnel diffraction. Detection of diffraction effects requires fast multiple-star photometry, which will be conducted in July 2007 using the Orthogonal Parallel Transfer Imaging Camera (OPTIC) mounted on the University of Hawaii 2.2m telescope on Mauna Kea. This paper details how knowledge of the mass and structure of the outer Solar System may be obtained through the detection of serendipitous stellar occultations.
astro-ph
knowledge of the kuiper belt is currently limited to those objects that can be detected directly objects with diameters less than sim10km reflect too little light to be detected these smaller bodies could contain most of the mass in the kuiper belt while the abundance of these bodies may constrain the distribution of mass the overall size distribution of bodies within the kuiper belt can also be inferred from the relative abundances of subkm and larger bodies stellar occultations are already used to study dark objects in the solar system such as asteroids or planetary rings occultation by a kbo of a size comparable to or larger than that of the fresnel scale will result in fresnel diffraction detection of diffraction effects requires fast multiplestar photometry which will be conducted in july 2007 using the orthogonal parallel transfer imaging camera optic mounted on the university of hawaii 22m telescope on mauna kea this paper details how knowledge of the mass and structure of the outer solar system may be obtained through the detection of serendipitous stellar occultations
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712.1551
Adding a uniton via the DPW method
In this paper we describe how the operation of adding a uniton arises via the DPW method of obtaining harmonic maps into compact Riemannian symmetric spaces out of certain holomorphic one forms. We exploit this point of view to investigate which unitons preserve finite type property of harmonic maps. In particular, we prove that the Gauss bundle of a harmonic map of finite type into a Grassmannian is also of finite type.
math.DG
in this paper we describe how the operation of adding a uniton arises via the dpw method of obtaining harmonic maps into compact riemannian symmetric spaces out of certain holomorphic one forms we exploit this point of view to investigate which unitons preserve finite type property of harmonic maps in particular we prove that the gauss bundle of a harmonic map of finite type into a grassmannian is also of finite type
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712.1552
Evaluation of Optical Magnitude of Deep Space Spacecraft
Optical-electric technology can measure the tangential position and velocity of spacecraft. To know the feasibility of the use of optical-electric technology, it is necessary to estimate the magnitude of spacecraft first. Since the spacecrafts are non-self-illumination objects, the estimation formulas of the optical magnitude of spacecraft is constructed according to the radiation theory and the extra-atmospheric radiant emittance of the Sun in the visible light wave band. Taking Chang'e-1 as an example, the magnitude of it in different situations is calculated.
astro-ph
opticalelectric technology can measure the tangential position and velocity of spacecraft to know the feasibility of the use of opticalelectric technology it is necessary to estimate the magnitude of spacecraft first since the spacecrafts are nonselfillumination objects the estimation formulas of the optical magnitude of spacecraft is constructed according to the radiation theory and the extraatmospheric radiant emittance of the sun in the visible light wave band taking change1 as an example the magnitude of it in different situations is calculated
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712.1553
Puzzling Phenomenon of Diffuse Interstellar Bands
The discovery of the first diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) dates back to the pioneering years of stellar spectroscopy. Today, we know about 300 absorption structures of this kind. There exists a great variety of the profiles and intensities of DIBs, so they can not be readily described, classified or characterized. To the present day no reliable identification of the DIBs' carriers has been found. Many carriers of DIBs have been proposed over the years. They ranged from dust grains to free molecules of different kinds, and to more exotic specimens, like hydrogen negative ion. Unfortunately, none of them is responsible for observed DIBs. Furthermore, it was shown that a single carrier cannot be responsible for all known DIBs. It is hard to estimate how many carriers can participate in producing these bands. The problem is further complicated by the fact that to this day it is still impossible to find any laboratory spectrum of any substance which would match the astrophysical spectra. Here, a historical outline concerning DIBs is followed by a brief description of their whole population. Then, a special attention is focused on the procedures trying to extract spectroscopic families within the set of all known DIBs.
astro-ph
the discovery of the first diffuse interstellar bands dibs dates back to the pioneering years of stellar spectroscopy today we know about 300 absorption structures of this kind there exists a great variety of the profiles and intensities of dibs so they can not be readily described classified or characterized to the present day no reliable identification of the dibs carriers has been found many carriers of dibs have been proposed over the years they ranged from dust grains to free molecules of different kinds and to more exotic specimens like hydrogen negative ion unfortunately none of them is responsible for observed dibs furthermore it was shown that a single carrier cannot be responsible for all known dibs it is hard to estimate how many carriers can participate in producing these bands the problem is further complicated by the fact that to this day it is still impossible to find any laboratory spectrum of any substance which would match the astrophysical spectra here a historical outline concerning dibs is followed by a brief description of their whole population then a special attention is focused on the procedures trying to extract spectroscopic families within the set of all known dibs
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712.1554
Computational analysis of folding and mutation properties of C5 domain from Myosin binding protein C
Thermal folding Molecular Dynamics simulations of the domain C5 from Myosin Binding Protein C were performed using a native-centric model to study the role of three mutations related to Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Mutation of Asn755 causes the largest shift of the folding temperature, and the residue is located in the CFGA' beta-sheet featuring the highest Phi-values. The mutation thus appears to reduce the thermodynamic stability in agreement with experimental data. The mutations on Arg654 and Arg668, conversely, cause a little change in the folding temperature and they reside in the low Phi-value BDE beta-sheet, so that their pathologic role cannot be related to impairment of the folding process but possibly to the binding with target molecules. As the typical signature of Domain C5 is the presence of a longer and destabilizing CD-loop with respect to the other Ig-like domains we completed the work with a bioinformatic analysis of this loop showing a high density of negative charge and low hydrophobicity. This indicates the CD-loop as a natively unfolded sequence with a likely coupling between folding and ligand binding.
q-bio.GN cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech q-bio.BM
thermal folding molecular dynamics simulations of the domain c5 from myosin binding protein c were performed using a nativecentric model to study the role of three mutations related to familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation of asn755 causes the largest shift of the folding temperature and the residue is located in the cfga betasheet featuring the highest phivalues the mutation thus appears to reduce the thermodynamic stability in agreement with experimental data the mutations on arg654 and arg668 conversely cause a little change in the folding temperature and they reside in the low phivalue bde betasheet so that their pathologic role cannot be related to impairment of the folding process but possibly to the binding with target molecules as the typical signature of domain c5 is the presence of a longer and destabilizing cdloop with respect to the other iglike domains we completed the work with a bioinformatic analysis of this loop showing a high density of negative charge and low hydrophobicity this indicates the cdloop as a natively unfolded sequence with a likely coupling between folding and ligand binding
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712.1555
Hyperbolic Balance Laws with a Dissipative Non Local Source
This paper considers systems of balance law with a dissipative non local source. A global in time well posedness result is obtained. Estimates on the dependence of solutions from the flow and from the source term are also provided. The technique relies on a recent result on quasidifferential equations in metric spaces.
math.AP math.DS
this paper considers systems of balance law with a dissipative non local source a global in time well posedness result is obtained estimates on the dependence of solutions from the flow and from the source term are also provided the technique relies on a recent result on quasidifferential equations in metric spaces
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712.1556
Simulation of the Continuous Spectrum of Substars with Protoplanetary Discs
The continuous spectra of the substars with surrounding protoplanetary disks were calculated. The results reveal that protoplanetary disc average temperature decreases to 3 K during the period of 5 Myr for substars with masses 0.01M_{Sun} and during the period of 160 Myr for substars with masses 0.08M_{Sun}. Estimations of protoplanetary discs flux maximum depending on the substar mass at the age of 1 Myr are: 4.6 kJy (for 0.01M_{Sun}) and 3.4 MJy (for 0.08M_{Sun}). Maximum of protoplanetary disc radiation before it reaches the temperature of the cosmic microwave background changes within the ranges: from 0.07 mm to 0.58 mm (for substar mass 0.01M_{Sun}) and from 0.02 mm to 0.29 mm (for substar mass 0.08M_{Sun}).
astro-ph
the continuous spectra of the substars with surrounding protoplanetary disks were calculated the results reveal that protoplanetary disc average temperature decreases to 3 k during the period of 5 myr for substars with masses 001m_sun and during the period of 160 myr for substars with masses 008m_sun estimations of protoplanetary discs flux maximum depending on the substar mass at the age of 1 myr are 46 kjy for 001m_sun and 34 mjy for 008m_sun maximum of protoplanetary disc radiation before it reaches the temperature of the cosmic microwave background changes within the ranges from 007 mm to 058 mm for substar mass 001m_sun and from 002 mm to 029 mm for substar mass 008m_sun
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712.1557
On Transverse Knots and Branched Covers
We study contact manifolds that arise as cyclic branched covers of transverse knots in the standard contact 3-sphere. We discuss properties of these contact manifolds and describe them in terms of open books and contact surgeries. In many cases we show that such branched covers are contactomorphic for smoothly isotopic transverse knots with the same self-linking number. These pairs of knots include most of the non-transversely simple knots of Birman-Menasco and Ng-Ozsvath-Thurston.
math.GT math.SG
we study contact manifolds that arise as cyclic branched covers of transverse knots in the standard contact 3sphere we discuss properties of these contact manifolds and describe them in terms of open books and contact surgeries in many cases we show that such branched covers are contactomorphic for smoothly isotopic transverse knots with the same selflinking number these pairs of knots include most of the nontransversely simple knots of birmanmenasco and ngozsvaththurston
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712.1558
Methanol Masers Observations in the 3-mm Bandwidth at the Radio Telescope RT-22 CrAO
We report the beginning of the astronomical masers investigations in the 3-mm bandwidth at the radio telescope RT-22 (CrAO, Ukraine). For this purpose the special complex for maser lines investigation in 85...115 GHz frequency band is developed. It is made on the base of the low noise cryogenic Shottky-diode receiver and the high resolution Fourier-spectrometer. The cryogenic receiver has the DSB noise temperature less than 100K. The spectral channel separation of the Fourier-spectrometer is about 4kHz and the spectrometer bandwidth is 8 MHz. Results of maser observations of 8$^{0}-7^{1} $A$^{+}$ transition of methanol (95.169 GHz) towards DR-21(OH), DR-21W and NGC7538 are in good agreement with early obtained results by other authors. On the basis of the analysis of the location of masers in the NGC7538 direction we can assume that the origin of all known class I methanol masers in this region is connected with existing molecular outflows from young stars.
astro-ph
we report the beginning of the astronomical masers investigations in the 3mm bandwidth at the radio telescope rt22 crao ukraine for this purpose the special complex for maser lines investigation in 85115 ghz frequency band is developed it is made on the base of the low noise cryogenic shottkydiode receiver and the high resolution fourierspectrometer the cryogenic receiver has the dsb noise temperature less than 100k the spectral channel separation of the fourierspectrometer is about 4khz and the spectrometer bandwidth is 8 mhz results of maser observations of 8071 a transition of methanol 95169 ghz towards dr21oh dr21w and ngc7538 are in good agreement with early obtained results by other authors on the basis of the analysis of the location of masers in the ngc7538 direction we can assume that the origin of all known class i methanol masers in this region is connected with existing molecular outflows from young stars
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712.1559
Cosmological constant and lensing
The effect of the cosmological constant on the curvature of light due to an isolated spherical mass is recalculated without using the lens equation and compared to a lensing cluster.
astro-ph gr-qc
the effect of the cosmological constant on the curvature of light due to an isolated spherical mass is recalculated without using the lens equation and compared to a lensing cluster
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712.156
The Lefschetz property for barycentric subdivisions of shellable complexes
We show that an 'almost strong Lefschetz' property holds for the barycentric subdivision of a shellable complex. From this we conclude that for the barycentric subdivision of a Cohen-Macaulay complex, the $h$-vector is unimodal, peaks in its middle degree (one of them if the dimension of the complex is even), and that its $g$-vector is an $M$-sequence. In particular, the (combinatorial) $g$-conjecture is verified for barycentric subdivisions of homology spheres. In addition, using the above algebraic result, we derive new inequalities on a refinement of the Eulerian statistics on permutations, where permutations are grouped by the number of descents and the image of 1.
math.CO math.AC
we show that an almost strong lefschetz property holds for the barycentric subdivision of a shellable complex from this we conclude that for the barycentric subdivision of a cohenmacaulay complex the hvector is unimodal peaks in its middle degree one of them if the dimension of the complex is even and that its gvector is an msequence in particular the combinatorial gconjecture is verified for barycentric subdivisions of homology spheres in addition using the above algebraic result we derive new inequalities on a refinement of the eulerian statistics on permutations where permutations are grouped by the number of descents and the image of 1
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712.1561
The influence of structural short-range order on the phase diagrams of diluted FCC magnet with arbitrary spin and modified RKKY interaction
A diluted FCC magnet with modified long-range RKKY interaction and arbitrary Ising spin S is considered within two-sublattice model. In the molecular field approximation the Gibbs free-energy is derived, from which all magnetic thermodynamic properties can be self-consistently obtained. In particular, the phase diagrams are studied for different magnetic ion and free-charge concentration, the atomic short-range-order (Warren-Cowley) parameter being taken into account.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.mtrl-sci
a diluted fcc magnet with modified longrange rkky interaction and arbitrary ising spin s is considered within twosublattice model in the molecular field approximation the gibbs freeenergy is derived from which all magnetic thermodynamic properties can be selfconsistently obtained in particular the phase diagrams are studied for different magnetic ion and freecharge concentration the atomic shortrangeorder warrencowley parameter being taken into account
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712.1562
Size of spectroscopic calibration samples for cosmic shear photometric redshifts
Weak gravitational lensing surveys using photometric redshifts can have their cosmological constraints severely degraded by errors in the photo-z scale. We explore the cosmological degradation vs the size of the spectroscopic survey required to calibrate the photo-z probability distribution. Previous work has assumed a simple Gaussian distribution of photo-z errors; here we describe a method for constraining an arbitrary parametric photo-z error model. As an example we allow the photo-z probability distribution to be the sum of $N_g$ Gaussians. To limit cosmological degradation to a fixed level, photo-z models with multiple Gaussians require up to 5 times larger calibration sample than one would estimate from assuming a single-Gaussian model. This degradation saturates at $N_g\approx 4$. Assuming a single Gaussian when the photo-z distribution has multiple parameters underestimates cosmological parameter uncertainties by up to 35%. The size of required calibration sample also depends upon the shape of the fiducial distribution, even when the RMS photo-z error is held fixed. The required calibration sample size varies up to a factor of 40 among the fiducial models studied, but this is reduced to a factor of a few if the photo-z parameters are forced to be slowly varying with redshift. Finally we show that the size of the required calibration sample can be substantially reduced by optimizing its redshift distribution. We hope this study will help stimulate work on better understanding of photo-z errors.
astro-ph
weak gravitational lensing surveys using photometric redshifts can have their cosmological constraints severely degraded by errors in the photoz scale we explore the cosmological degradation vs the size of the spectroscopic survey required to calibrate the photoz probability distribution previous work has assumed a simple gaussian distribution of photoz errors here we describe a method for constraining an arbitrary parametric photoz error model as an example we allow the photoz probability distribution to be the sum of n_g gaussians to limit cosmological degradation to a fixed level photoz models with multiple gaussians require up to 5 times larger calibration sample than one would estimate from assuming a singlegaussian model this degradation saturates at n_gapprox 4 assuming a single gaussian when the photoz distribution has multiple parameters underestimates cosmological parameter uncertainties by up to 35 the size of required calibration sample also depends upon the shape of the fiducial distribution even when the rms photoz error is held fixed the required calibration sample size varies up to a factor of 40 among the fiducial models studied but this is reduced to a factor of a few if the photoz parameters are forced to be slowly varying with redshift finally we show that the size of the required calibration sample can be substantially reduced by optimizing its redshift distribution we hope this study will help stimulate work on better understanding of photoz errors
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712.1563
The Population of Dark Matter Subhaloes: Mass Functions and Average Mass Loss Rates
Using a cosmological N-Body simulation and a sample of re-simulated cluster-like haloes, we study the mass loss rates of dark matter subhaloes, and interpret the mass function of subhaloes at redshift zero in terms of the evolution of the mass function of systems accreted by the main halo progenitor. When expressed in terms of the ratio between the mass of the subhalo at the time of accretion and the present day host mass the unevolved subhalo mass function is found to be universal. However, the subhalo mass function at redshift zero clearly depends on $M_0$, in that more massive host haloes host more subhaloes. To relate the unevolved and evolved subhalo mass functions, we measure the subhalo mass loss rate as a function of host mass and redshift. We find that the average, specific mass loss rate of dark matter subhaloes depends mainly on redshift. These results suggest a pleasingly simple picture for the evolution and mass dependence of the evolved subhalo mass function. Less massive host haloes accrete their subhaloes earlier, which are thus subjected to mass loss for a longer time. In addition, their subhaloes are typically accreted by denser hosts, which causes an additional boost of the mass loss rate. To test the self-consistency of this picture, we use a merger trees constructed using the extended Press-Schechter formalism, and evolve the subhalo populations using the average mass loss rates obtained from our simulations, finding the subhalo mass functions to be in good agreement with the simulations. [abridged]
astro-ph
using a cosmological nbody simulation and a sample of resimulated clusterlike haloes we study the mass loss rates of dark matter subhaloes and interpret the mass function of subhaloes at redshift zero in terms of the evolution of the mass function of systems accreted by the main halo progenitor when expressed in terms of the ratio between the mass of the subhalo at the time of accretion and the present day host mass the unevolved subhalo mass function is found to be universal however the subhalo mass function at redshift zero clearly depends on m_0 in that more massive host haloes host more subhaloes to relate the unevolved and evolved subhalo mass functions we measure the subhalo mass loss rate as a function of host mass and redshift we find that the average specific mass loss rate of dark matter subhaloes depends mainly on redshift these results suggest a pleasingly simple picture for the evolution and mass dependence of the evolved subhalo mass function less massive host haloes accrete their subhaloes earlier which are thus subjected to mass loss for a longer time in addition their subhaloes are typically accreted by denser hosts which causes an additional boost of the mass loss rate to test the selfconsistency of this picture we use a merger trees constructed using the extended pressschechter formalism and evolve the subhalo populations using the average mass loss rates obtained from our simulations finding the subhalo mass functions to be in good agreement with the simulations abridged
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712.1564
Temperature Relaxation in Hot Dense Hydrogen
Temperature equilibration of hydrogen is studied for conditions relevant to inertial confinement fusion. New molecular-dynamics simulations and results from quantum many-body theory are compared with Landau-Spitzer (LS) predictions for temperatures T from 50 eV to 5000 eV, and densities with Wigner-Seitz radii r_s = 1.0 and 0.5. The relaxation is slower than the LS result, even for temperatures in the keV range, but converges to agreement in the high-T limit.
cond-mat.str-el astro-ph cond-mat.stat-mech nucl-th physics.plasm-ph
temperature equilibration of hydrogen is studied for conditions relevant to inertial confinement fusion new moleculardynamics simulations and results from quantum manybody theory are compared with landauspitzer ls predictions for temperatures t from 50 ev to 5000 ev and densities with wignerseitz radii r_s 10 and 05 the relaxation is slower than the ls result even for temperatures in the kev range but converges to agreement in the hight limit
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712.1565
Microcavity polariton light emitting diode
Cavity polaritons have been shown these last years to exhibit a rich variety of non-linear behaviors which could be used in new polariton based devices. Operation in the strong coupling regime under electrical injection remains a key step toward a practical polariton device. We report here on the realization of a polariton based light emitting diode using a GaAs microcavity with doped Bragg mirrors. Both photocurrent and electroluminescence spectra are governed by cavity polaritons up to 100 K.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
cavity polaritons have been shown these last years to exhibit a rich variety of nonlinear behaviors which could be used in new polariton based devices operation in the strong coupling regime under electrical injection remains a key step toward a practical polariton device we report here on the realization of a polariton based light emitting diode using a gaas microcavity with doped bragg mirrors both photocurrent and electroluminescence spectra are governed by cavity polaritons up to 100 k
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712.1566
Plate Acoustic Waves in ZX-cut Lithium Niobate
Plate acoustic waves (PAW) propagating along X-axis in the Z-cut wafer of a single crystal of lithium niobate are considered theoretically and experimentally. For eight lowest PAW modes, the dispersion curves for wavenumber k(f) are calculated by the equations of motion and electrodynamics, by the Finite Element Method, and then measured experimentally. The spectra k(f) obtained by the numerical solution and FEM-simulation are in good agreement, and experimental measurements agree with theoretical predictions. The PAW modes are identified by the components of their total acoustic displacements and cutoff frequencies. Analysis of the longitudinal and normal acoustical displacements permits to find PAW mode capable for usage in ultrasonic actuators. The results obtained may be useful for ultrasonic transducers, acousto-electronic and acousto-optic applications, and ultrasonic motors/actuators fabricated in the Z-cut ferroelectric lithium niobate wafers including periodically poled wave-guides.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
plate acoustic waves paw propagating along xaxis in the zcut wafer of a single crystal of lithium niobate are considered theoretically and experimentally for eight lowest paw modes the dispersion curves for wavenumber kf are calculated by the equations of motion and electrodynamics by the finite element method and then measured experimentally the spectra kf obtained by the numerical solution and femsimulation are in good agreement and experimental measurements agree with theoretical predictions the paw modes are identified by the components of their total acoustic displacements and cutoff frequencies analysis of the longitudinal and normal acoustical displacements permits to find paw mode capable for usage in ultrasonic actuators the results obtained may be useful for ultrasonic transducers acoustoelectronic and acoustooptic applications and ultrasonic motorsactuators fabricated in the zcut ferroelectric lithium niobate wafers including periodically poled waveguides
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712.1567
Evidence for D0-D0bar mixing using the CDF II Detector
We measure the time dependence of the ratio of decay rates for the rare decay D0->K+pi- to the Cabibbo-favored decay D0->K-pi+. We use a signal of 12.7 x10^3 D0->K+pi decays with proper decay times between 0.75 and 10 mean D0 lifetimes. The data sample was recorded with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.5 fb-1 of p-pbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV. We search for D0-D0bar mixing and measure the mixing parameters to be Rd = (3.04 +/- 0.55) x10^{-3}, y' = (8.5 +/- 7.6) x10^{-3}, and x'^2 = (-0.12 +/- 0.35) x10^{-3}. We report Bayesian probability contours in the x'^2-y' plane and find that the data are inconsistent with the no-mixing hypothesis with a probability equivalent to 3.8 Gaussian standard deviations.
hep-ex
we measure the time dependence of the ratio of decay rates for the rare decay d0kpi to the cabibbofavored decay d0kpi we use a signal of 127 x103 d0kpi decays with proper decay times between 075 and 10 mean d0 lifetimes the data sample was recorded with the cdf ii detector at the fermilab tevatron and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 15 fb1 of ppbar collisions at sqrts 196 tev we search for d0d0bar mixing and measure the mixing parameters to be rd 304 055 x103 y 85 76 x103 and x2 012 035 x103 we report bayesian probability contours in the x2y plane and find that the data are inconsistent with the nomixing hypothesis with a probability equivalent to 38 gaussian standard deviations
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712.1568
Symplectic reflection algebras
We survey recent results on the representation theory of symplectic reflection algebras, focusing particularly on connections with symplectic quotient singularities and their resolutions, spaces of representations of quivers, and on category O.
math.RT math.AG math.RA
we survey recent results on the representation theory of symplectic reflection algebras focusing particularly on connections with symplectic quotient singularities and their resolutions spaces of representations of quivers and on category o
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712.1569
Thermal D-brane boundary states from type IIB Green-Schwarz superstring in pp-wave background
We construct the thermal boundary states from the type IIB Green-Schwarz superstring in {\em pp}-wave background in the light-cone gauge. The superstring is treated in the canonical ensemble and in the TFD formalism which is appropriate to discuss quantum systems in the canonical quantization. The thermal boundary states are obtained by thermalizing the total boundary states which are the boundary states of the total system that is composed by the superstring modes and the corresponding thermal reservoir modes. That analysis is similar to the one in the flat spacetime case \cite{ivv12}. However, there are some subtleties concerning the construction of the total string which are discussed. Next, we compute the entropy of thermal boundary state which is defined as the expectation value of the superstring entropy operator in the thermal boundary state.
hep-th
we construct the thermal boundary states from the type iib greenschwarz superstring in em ppwave background in the lightcone gauge the superstring is treated in the canonical ensemble and in the tfd formalism which is appropriate to discuss quantum systems in the canonical quantization the thermal boundary states are obtained by thermalizing the total boundary states which are the boundary states of the total system that is composed by the superstring modes and the corresponding thermal reservoir modes that analysis is similar to the one in the flat spacetime case citeivv12 however there are some subtleties concerning the construction of the total string which are discussed next we compute the entropy of thermal boundary state which is defined as the expectation value of the superstring entropy operator in the thermal boundary state
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712.157
Stochastic Completeness of Graphs
In this thesis, we analyze the stochastic completeness of a heat kernel on graphs which is a function of three variables: a pair of vertices and a continuous time, for infinite, locally finite, connected graphs. For general graphs, a sufficient condition for stochastic completeness is given in terms of the maximum valence on spheres about a fixed vertex. That this result is optimal is shown by studying a particular family of trees. We also prove a lower bound on the bottom of the spectrum for the discrete Laplacian and use this lower bound to show that in certain cases the Laplacian has empty essential spectrum.
math.SP math.DG
in this thesis we analyze the stochastic completeness of a heat kernel on graphs which is a function of three variables a pair of vertices and a continuous time for infinite locally finite connected graphs for general graphs a sufficient condition for stochastic completeness is given in terms of the maximum valence on spheres about a fixed vertex that this result is optimal is shown by studying a particular family of trees we also prove a lower bound on the bottom of the spectrum for the discrete laplacian and use this lower bound to show that in certain cases the laplacian has empty essential spectrum
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712.1571
Detection of an intergalactic meteor particle with the 6-m telescope
On July 28, 2006 the 6-m telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences recorded the spectrum of a faint meteor. We confidently identify the lines of FeI and MgI, OI, NI and molecular-nitrogen N_2 bands. The entry velocity of the meteor body into the Earth's atmosphere estimated from radial velocity is equal to 300 km/s. The body was several tens of a millimeter in size, like chondrules in carbon chondrites. The radiant of the meteor trajectory coincides with the sky position of the apex of the motion of the Solar system toward the centroid of the Local Group of galaxies. Observations of faint sporadic meteors with FAVOR TV CCD camera confirmed the radiant at a higher than 96% confidence level. We conclude that this meteor particle is likely to be of extragalactic origin. The following important questions remain open: (1) How metal-rich dust particles came to be in the extragalactic space? (2) Why are the sizes of extragalactic particles larger by two orders of magnitude (and their masses greater by six orders of magnitude) than common interstellar dust grains in our Galaxy? (3) If extragalactic dust surrounds galaxies in the form of dust (or gas-and-dust) aureoles, can such formations now be observed using other observational techniques (IR observations aboard Spitzer satellite, etc.)? (4) If inhomogeneous extragalactic dust medium with the parameters mentioned above actually exists, does it show up in the form of irregularities on the cosmic microwave background (WMAP etc.)?
astro-ph
on july 28 2006 the 6m telescope of the special astrophysical observatory of the russian academy of sciences recorded the spectrum of a faint meteor we confidently identify the lines of fei and mgi oi ni and molecularnitrogen n_2 bands the entry velocity of the meteor body into the earths atmosphere estimated from radial velocity is equal to 300 kms the body was several tens of a millimeter in size like chondrules in carbon chondrites the radiant of the meteor trajectory coincides with the sky position of the apex of the motion of the solar system toward the centroid of the local group of galaxies observations of faint sporadic meteors with favor tv ccd camera confirmed the radiant at a higher than 96 confidence level we conclude that this meteor particle is likely to be of extragalactic origin the following important questions remain open 1 how metalrich dust particles came to be in the extragalactic space 2 why are the sizes of extragalactic particles larger by two orders of magnitude and their masses greater by six orders of magnitude than common interstellar dust grains in our galaxy 3 if extragalactic dust surrounds galaxies in the form of dust or gasanddust aureoles can such formations now be observed using other observational techniques ir observations aboard spitzer satellite etc 4 if inhomogeneous extragalactic dust medium with the parameters mentioned above actually exists does it show up in the form of irregularities on the cosmic microwave background wmap etc
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712.1572
Good Reductions of Shimura Varieties of Hodge Type in Arbitrary Unramified Mixed Characteristic, Part II
We prove a conjecture of Milne pertaining to the existence of integral canonical models of Shimura varieties of abelian type in arbitrary unramified mixed characteristic $(0,p)$. As an application we prove for $p=2$ a motivic conjecture of Milne pertaining to integral canonical models of Shimura varieties of Hodge type.
math.NT math.AG
we prove a conjecture of milne pertaining to the existence of integral canonical models of shimura varieties of abelian type in arbitrary unramified mixed characteristic 0p as an application we prove for p2 a motivic conjecture of milne pertaining to integral canonical models of shimura varieties of hodge type
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712.1573
Constructive use of holographic projections
Revisiting the old problem of existence of interacting models of QFT with new conceptual ideas and mathematical tools, one arrives at a novel view about the nature of QFT. The recent success of algebraic methods in establishing the existence of factorizing models suggests new directions for a more intrinsic constructive approach beyond Lagrangian quantization. Holographic projection as a simplifying tool for certain aspects of QFT turn out to be an indispensible part of these new attempts.
hep-th gr-qc
revisiting the old problem of existence of interacting models of qft with new conceptual ideas and mathematical tools one arrives at a novel view about the nature of qft the recent success of algebraic methods in establishing the existence of factorizing models suggests new directions for a more intrinsic constructive approach beyond lagrangian quantization holographic projection as a simplifying tool for certain aspects of qft turn out to be an indispensible part of these new attempts
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712.1574
Character sums to smooth moduli are small
Recently, Granville and Soundararajan have made fundamental breakthroughs in the study of character sums. Building on their work and using estimates on short character sums developed by Graham-Ringrose and Iwaniec, we improve the Polya-Vinogradov inequality for characters with smooth conductor.
math.NT
recently granville and soundararajan have made fundamental breakthroughs in the study of character sums building on their work and using estimates on short character sums developed by grahamringrose and iwaniec we improve the polyavinogradov inequality for characters with smooth conductor
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712.1575
Fundamental properties and applications of quasi-local black hole horizons
The traditional description of black holes in terms of event horizons is inadequate for many physical applications, especially when studying black holes in non-stationary spacetimes. In these cases, it is often more useful to use the quasi-local notions of trapped and marginally trapped surfaces, which lead naturally to the framework of trapping, isolated, and dynamical horizons. This framework allows us to analyze diverse facets of black holes in a unified manner and to significantly generalize several results in black hole physics. It also leads to a number of applications in mathematical general relativity, numerical relativity, astrophysics, and quantum gravity. In this review, I will discuss the basic ideas and recent developments in this framework, and summarize some of its applications with an emphasis on numerical relativity.
gr-qc
the traditional description of black holes in terms of event horizons is inadequate for many physical applications especially when studying black holes in nonstationary spacetimes in these cases it is often more useful to use the quasilocal notions of trapped and marginally trapped surfaces which lead naturally to the framework of trapping isolated and dynamical horizons this framework allows us to analyze diverse facets of black holes in a unified manner and to significantly generalize several results in black hole physics it also leads to a number of applications in mathematical general relativity numerical relativity astrophysics and quantum gravity in this review i will discuss the basic ideas and recent developments in this framework and summarize some of its applications with an emphasis on numerical relativity
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712.1576
A simple proof for the existence of Zariski decompositions on surfaces
In this note we give a quick and simple proof of the existence (and uniqueness) of Zariski decompositions on surfaces. While Zariski's original proof employs a rather sophisticated procedure to construct the negative part of the decomposition, the present approach is based on the idea that the positive part can be constructed from a maximality condition. It may also be useful that this approach yields a practical algorithm for the computation of the positive part.
math.AG
in this note we give a quick and simple proof of the existence and uniqueness of zariski decompositions on surfaces while zariskis original proof employs a rather sophisticated procedure to construct the negative part of the decomposition the present approach is based on the idea that the positive part can be constructed from a maximality condition it may also be useful that this approach yields a practical algorithm for the computation of the positive part
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712.1577
A time of flight method to measure the speed of sound using a stereo sound card
We present an inexpensive apparatus for measuring the speed of sound, with a time of flight method, using a computer with a stereo sound board. Students measure the speed of sound by timing the delay between the arrivals of a pulse to two microphones placed at different distances from the source. It can serve as a very effective demonstration, providing a quick measurement of the speed of sound in air; we have used it with great success in Open Days in our Department. It can also be used for a full fledged laboratory determination of the speed of sound in air.
physics.ed-ph
we present an inexpensive apparatus for measuring the speed of sound with a time of flight method using a computer with a stereo sound board students measure the speed of sound by timing the delay between the arrivals of a pulse to two microphones placed at different distances from the source it can serve as a very effective demonstration providing a quick measurement of the speed of sound in air we have used it with great success in open days in our department it can also be used for a full fledged laboratory determination of the speed of sound in air
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712.1578
The cross-correlation search for periodic gravitational waves
In this paper we study the use of cross-correlations between multiple gravitational wave (GW) data streams for detecting long-lived periodic signals. Cross-correlation searches between data from multiple detectors have traditionally been used to search for stochastic GW signals, but recently they have also been used in directed searches for periodic GWs. Here we further adapt the cross-correlation statistic for periodic GW searches by taking into account both the non-stationarity and the long term-phase coherence of the signal. We study the statistical properties and sensitivity of this search, its relation to existing periodic wave searches, and describe the precise way in which the cross-correlation statistic interpolates between semi-coherent and fully-coherent methods. Depending on the maximum duration over we wish to preserve phase coherence, the cross-correlation statistic can be tuned to go from a standard cross-correlation statistic using data from distinct detectors, to the semi-coherent time-frequency methods with increasing coherent time baselines, and all the way to a full coherent search. This leads to a unified framework for studying periodic wave searches and can be used to make informed trade-offs between computational cost, sensitivity, and robustness against signal uncertainties.
gr-qc
in this paper we study the use of crosscorrelations between multiple gravitational wave gw data streams for detecting longlived periodic signals crosscorrelation searches between data from multiple detectors have traditionally been used to search for stochastic gw signals but recently they have also been used in directed searches for periodic gws here we further adapt the crosscorrelation statistic for periodic gw searches by taking into account both the nonstationarity and the long termphase coherence of the signal we study the statistical properties and sensitivity of this search its relation to existing periodic wave searches and describe the precise way in which the crosscorrelation statistic interpolates between semicoherent and fullycoherent methods depending on the maximum duration over we wish to preserve phase coherence the crosscorrelation statistic can be tuned to go from a standard crosscorrelation statistic using data from distinct detectors to the semicoherent timefrequency methods with increasing coherent time baselines and all the way to a full coherent search this leads to a unified framework for studying periodic wave searches and can be used to make informed tradeoffs between computational cost sensitivity and robustness against signal uncertainties
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