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712.1679
Semiclassical Analysis for Hartree equation
We justify WKB analysis for Hartree equation in space dimension at least three, in a regime which is supercritical as far as semiclassical analysis is concerned. The main technical remark is that the nonlinear Hartree term can be considered as a semilinear perturbation. This is in contrast with the case of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation with a local nonlinearity, where quasilinear analysis is needed to treat the nonlinearity.
math.AP math-ph math.MP
we justify wkb analysis for hartree equation in space dimension at least three in a regime which is supercritical as far as semiclassical analysis is concerned the main technical remark is that the nonlinear hartree term can be considered as a semilinear perturbation this is in contrast with the case of the nonlinear schrodinger equation with a local nonlinearity where quasilinear analysis is needed to treat the nonlinearity
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712.168
Diamond-$\alpha$ Jensen's Inequality on Time Scales
The theory and applications of dynamic derivatives on time scales has recently received considerable attention. The primary purpose of this paper is to give basic properties of diamond-$\alpha$ derivatives which are a linear combination of delta and nabla dynamic derivatives on time scales. We prove a generalized version of Jensen's inequality on time scales via the diamond-$\alpha$ integral and present some corollaries, including H\"{o}lder's and Minkowski's diamond-$\alpha$ integral inequalities.
math.CA
the theory and applications of dynamic derivatives on time scales has recently received considerable attention the primary purpose of this paper is to give basic properties of diamondalpha derivatives which are a linear combination of delta and nabla dynamic derivatives on time scales we prove a generalized version of jensens inequality on time scales via the diamondalpha integral and present some corollaries including holders and minkowskis diamondalpha integral inequalities
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712.1681
Reply to the comment on "Stochastic local operations and classical communication invariant and the residual entanglement for n qubits"
We have reviewed the comment in [3], posted on arXiv.org concerning our recent work in [1]. We reply to the comment in this paper.
quant-ph
we have reviewed the comment in 3 posted on arxivorg concerning our recent work in 1 we reply to the comment in this paper
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712.1682
Lemma Poincar\'e for L_infty,loc - forms
We show that every closed L_infty,loc - form on R^n is exact. Differential is understood in the sense of currents. The proof does not use any explicit geometric constructions. De Rham theorem follows.
math.DG math.FA
we show that every closed l_inftyloc form on rn is exact differential is understood in the sense of currents the proof does not use any explicit geometric constructions de rham theorem follows
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712.1683
Diffusion at the liquid-vapor interface
Recently, the intrinsic sampling method has been developed in order to obtain, from molecular simulations, the intrinsic structure of the liquid-vapor interface that is presupposed in the classical capillary wave theory. Our purpose here is to study dynamical processes at the liquid-vapor interface, since this method allows tracking down and analyzing the movement of surface molecules, thus providing, with great accuracy, dynamical information on molecules that are "at" the interface. We present results for the coefficients for diffusion parallel and perpendicular to the liquid-vapor interface of the Lennard-Jones fluid, as well as other time and length parameters that characterize the diffusion process in this system. We also obtain statistics of permanence and residence time. The generality of our results is tested by varying the system size and the temperature; for the later case, an existing model for alkali metals is also considered. Our main conclusion is that, even if diffusion coefficients can still be computed, the turnover processes, by which molecules enter and leave the intrinsic surface, are as important as diffusion. For example, the typical time required for a molecule to traverse a molecular diameter is very similar to its residence time at the surface.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.mtrl-sci
recently the intrinsic sampling method has been developed in order to obtain from molecular simulations the intrinsic structure of the liquidvapor interface that is presupposed in the classical capillary wave theory our purpose here is to study dynamical processes at the liquidvapor interface since this method allows tracking down and analyzing the movement of surface molecules thus providing with great accuracy dynamical information on molecules that are at the interface we present results for the coefficients for diffusion parallel and perpendicular to the liquidvapor interface of the lennardjones fluid as well as other time and length parameters that characterize the diffusion process in this system we also obtain statistics of permanence and residence time the generality of our results is tested by varying the system size and the temperature for the later case an existing model for alkali metals is also considered our main conclusion is that even if diffusion coefficients can still be computed the turnover processes by which molecules enter and leave the intrinsic surface are as important as diffusion for example the typical time required for a molecule to traverse a molecular diameter is very similar to its residence time at the surface
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712.1684
Random Cluster Tessellations
This article describes, in elementary terms, a generic approach to produce discrete random tilings and similar random structures by using point process theory. The standard Voronoi and Delone tilings can be constructed in this way. For this purpose, convex polytopes are replaced by their vertex sets. Three explicit constructions are given to illustrate the concept.
math.MG math.PR
this article describes in elementary terms a generic approach to produce discrete random tilings and similar random structures by using point process theory the standard voronoi and delone tilings can be constructed in this way for this purpose convex polytopes are replaced by their vertex sets three explicit constructions are given to illustrate the concept
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712.1685
Unified Model for Small-t and High-t Scattering at High Energies: Predictions at RHIC and LHC
The urgency of predictions in large-t region at LHC stimulated us to present a unified model of small and high t scattering at high energies. Our model is based upon a safe theoretical ground: analyticity, unitarity, Regge behavior, gluon exchange and saturation of bounds established in axiomatic quantum field theory. We make precise predictions for the behavior of the differential cross sections at high t, the evolution of the dip-shoulder structure localized in the region of -t between 0.5 and 0.8 GeV**2 and the radical violation of the exponential behavior of the first diffraction cone at small t.
hep-ph
the urgency of predictions in larget region at lhc stimulated us to present a unified model of small and high t scattering at high energies our model is based upon a safe theoretical ground analyticity unitarity regge behavior gluon exchange and saturation of bounds established in axiomatic quantum field theory we make precise predictions for the behavior of the differential cross sections at high t the evolution of the dipshoulder structure localized in the region of t between 05 and 08 gev2 and the radical violation of the exponential behavior of the first diffraction cone at small t
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712.1686
Local tail bounds for functions of independent random variables
It is shown that functions defined on $\{0,1,...,r-1\}^n$ satisfying certain conditions of bounded differences that guarantee sub-Gaussian tail behavior also satisfy a much stronger ``local'' sub-Gaussian property. For self-bounding and configuration functions we derive analogous locally subexponential behavior. The key tool is Talagrand's [Ann. Probab. 22 (1994) 1576--1587] variance inequality for functions defined on the binary hypercube which we extend to functions of uniformly distributed random variables defined on $\{0,1,...,r-1\}^n$ for $r\ge2$.
math.PR
it is shown that functions defined on 01r1n satisfying certain conditions of bounded differences that guarantee subgaussian tail behavior also satisfy a much stronger local subgaussian property for selfbounding and configuration functions we derive analogous locally subexponential behavior the key tool is talagrands ann probab 22 1994 15761587 variance inequality for functions defined on the binary hypercube which we extend to functions of uniformly distributed random variables defined on 01r1n for rge2
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712.1687
A current-voltage model for Schottky-barrier graphene based transistors
A low complexity computational model of the current-voltage characteristics for graphene nano-ribbon (GNR) field effect transistors (FET), able to simulate a hundred of points in few seconds using a PC, is presented. For quantum capacitance controlled devices, self-consistent calculations of the electrostatic potential can be skipped. Instead, analytical closed-form electrostatic potential from Laplace's equation yields accurate results compared with that obtained by self-consistent Non-Equilibrium Green's Functions (NEGF) method. The model includes both tunnelling current through the Schottky barrier (SB) at the contact interfaces and thermionic current above the barrier, properly capturing the effect of arbitrary physical and electrical parameters.
cond-mat.mes-hall
a low complexity computational model of the currentvoltage characteristics for graphene nanoribbon gnr field effect transistors fet able to simulate a hundred of points in few seconds using a pc is presented for quantum capacitance controlled devices selfconsistent calculations of the electrostatic potential can be skipped instead analytical closedform electrostatic potential from laplaces equation yields accurate results compared with that obtained by selfconsistent nonequilibrium greens functions negf method the model includes both tunnelling current through the schottky barrier sb at the contact interfaces and thermionic current above the barrier properly capturing the effect of arbitrary physical and electrical parameters
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712.1688
A solution of the cusp problem in relaxed halos of dark matter
We propose a solution of the cusp problem in framework of the standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmology. To do this we describe the linear and nonlinear periods of halo formation by the entropy function of dark matter particles. This approach allows us to take into account together the impact of both the processes of nonlinear relaxation of compressed matter and the small scale initial velocity perturbations in collapsed halos. We show that such random velocities lead to the random variations of the density profile of relaxed halos. As a rule, they suppress the formation of cusp--like halos and favor the creation of core--like ones. This approach allows us to reproduce observed rotation curves, to explain their random scatter and deviations from simulated ones.
astro-ph
we propose a solution of the cusp problem in framework of the standard lambdacdm cosmology to do this we describe the linear and nonlinear periods of halo formation by the entropy function of dark matter particles this approach allows us to take into account together the impact of both the processes of nonlinear relaxation of compressed matter and the small scale initial velocity perturbations in collapsed halos we show that such random velocities lead to the random variations of the density profile of relaxed halos as a rule they suppress the formation of cusplike halos and favor the creation of corelike ones this approach allows us to reproduce observed rotation curves to explain their random scatter and deviations from simulated ones
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712.1689
A Search for Synchrotron X-ray Emission in Radio Quasars
This paper presents XMM-Newton and Chandra X-ray spectroscopy of ten flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQ) which are candidates to have an X-ray spectrum dominated by jet synchrotron emission. In all these FSRQ, which are less strongly relativistically beamed than blazars, a considerable contribution from a power-law component similar to that present in radio-quiet quasars is required to explain the observed X-ray fluxes and X-ray spectral slopes. And as in radio-quiet quasars, their relatively high optical/UV fluxes can be accounted for by a significant contribution from thermal accretion disk emission. The lack of success in finding radio quasars with synchrotron X-rays is attributed to the adopted selection criteria, which were based on the multiwavelength flux ratios of BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects. A refined selection technique, which additionally involves radio imaging, is proposed to search for these important candidates for the Gamma Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST). On the other hand, the discovered FSRQ with their strong accretion disk signatures are expected to be important probes for studies of the poorly known accretion disk - jet connection.
astro-ph
this paper presents xmmnewton and chandra xray spectroscopy of ten flatspectrum radio quasars fsrq which are candidates to have an xray spectrum dominated by jet synchrotron emission in all these fsrq which are less strongly relativistically beamed than blazars a considerable contribution from a powerlaw component similar to that present in radioquiet quasars is required to explain the observed xray fluxes and xray spectral slopes and as in radioquiet quasars their relatively high opticaluv fluxes can be accounted for by a significant contribution from thermal accretion disk emission the lack of success in finding radio quasars with synchrotron xrays is attributed to the adopted selection criteria which were based on the multiwavelength flux ratios of bl lacertae bl lac objects a refined selection technique which additionally involves radio imaging is proposed to search for these important candidates for the gamma ray large area space telescope glast on the other hand the discovered fsrq with their strong accretion disk signatures are expected to be important probes for studies of the poorly known accretion disk jet connection
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712.169
Random graph models of communication network topologies
We consider a variant of so called power-law random graph. A sequence of expected degrees corresponds to a power-law degree distribution with finite mean and infinite variance. In previous works the asymptotic picture with number of nodes limiting to infinity has been considered. It was found that an interesting structure appears. It has resemblance with such graphs like the Internet graph. Some simulations have shown that a finite sized variant has similar properties as well. Here we investigate this case in more analytical fashion, and, with help of some simple lower bounds for large valued expectations of relevant random variables, we can shed some light into this issue. A new term, 'communication range random graph' is introduced to emphasize that some further restrictions are needed to have a relevant random graph model for a reasonable sized communication network, like the Internet. In this case a pleasant model is obtained, giving the opportunity to understand such networks on an intuitive level. This would be beneficial in order to understand, say, how a particular routing works in such networks.
math.PR
we consider a variant of so called powerlaw random graph a sequence of expected degrees corresponds to a powerlaw degree distribution with finite mean and infinite variance in previous works the asymptotic picture with number of nodes limiting to infinity has been considered it was found that an interesting structure appears it has resemblance with such graphs like the internet graph some simulations have shown that a finite sized variant has similar properties as well here we investigate this case in more analytical fashion and with help of some simple lower bounds for large valued expectations of relevant random variables we can shed some light into this issue a new term communication range random graph is introduced to emphasize that some further restrictions are needed to have a relevant random graph model for a reasonable sized communication network like the internet in this case a pleasant model is obtained giving the opportunity to understand such networks on an intuitive level this would be beneficial in order to understand say how a particular routing works in such networks
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712.1691
Hints of a New Spectroscopy
There are several reasons to believe that some of the new particles observed at B-factories have no ordinary quark composition. We briefly illustrate the diquark-antidiquark model and the recent experimental discoveries which confirm some of its most striking predictions.
hep-ph
there are several reasons to believe that some of the new particles observed at bfactories have no ordinary quark composition we briefly illustrate the diquarkantidiquark model and the recent experimental discoveries which confirm some of its most striking predictions
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712.1692
Approximating Data with weighted smoothing Splines
Given a data set (t_i, y_i), i=1,..., n with the t_i in [0,1] non-parametric regression is concerned with the problem of specifying a suitable function f_n:[0,1] -> R such that the data can be reasonably approximated by the points (t_i, f_n(t_i)), i=1,..., n. If a data set exhibits large variations in local behaviour, for example large peaks as in spectroscopy data, then the method must be able to adapt to the local changes in smoothness. Whilst many methods are able to accomplish this they are less successful at adapting derivatives. In this paper we show how the goal of local adaptivity of the function and its first and second derivatives can be attained in a simple manner using weighted smoothing splines. A residual based concept of approximation is used which forces local adaptivity of the regression function together with a global regularization which makes the function as smooth as possible subject to the approximation constraints.
stat.ME
given a data set t_i y_i i1 n with the t_i in 01 nonparametric regression is concerned with the problem of specifying a suitable function f_n01 r such that the data can be reasonably approximated by the points t_i f_nt_i i1 n if a data set exhibits large variations in local behaviour for example large peaks as in spectroscopy data then the method must be able to adapt to the local changes in smoothness whilst many methods are able to accomplish this they are less successful at adapting derivatives in this paper we show how the goal of local adaptivity of the function and its first and second derivatives can be attained in a simple manner using weighted smoothing splines a residual based concept of approximation is used which forces local adaptivity of the regression function together with a global regularization which makes the function as smooth as possible subject to the approximation constraints
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712.1693
Correlation Kernels for Discrete Symplectic and Orthogonal Ensembles
H. Widom derived formulae expressing correlation functions of orthogonal and symplectic ensembles of random matrices in terms of orthogonal polynomials (H. Widom. J. Stat. Phys. 94, (1999) 347-363). We obtain similar results for discrete ensembles whose weights have rational discrete logarithmic derivatives, and compute explicitly correlation kernels associated to the classical Meixner and Charlier orthogonal polynomials.
math-ph math.MP
h widom derived formulae expressing correlation functions of orthogonal and symplectic ensembles of random matrices in terms of orthogonal polynomials h widom j stat phys 94 1999 347363 we obtain similar results for discrete ensembles whose weights have rational discrete logarithmic derivatives and compute explicitly correlation kernels associated to the classical meixner and charlier orthogonal polynomials
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712.1694
Coordinate transformation makes perfect invisibility cloak with arbitrary shape
By investigating wave properties at cloak boundaries, invisibility cloaks with arbitrary shape constructed by general coordinate transformations are confirmed to be perfectly invisible to the external incident wave. The differences between line transformed cloaks and point transformed cloaks are discussed. The fields in the cloak medium are found analytically to be related to the fields in the original space via coordinate transformation functions. At the exterior boundary of the cloak, it is shown that no reflection is excited even though the permittivity and permeability do not always have a perfect matched layer form. While at the inner boundary, no reflection is excited either, and in particular no field can penetrate into the cloaked region. However, for the inner boundary of any line transformed cloak, the permittivity and permeability in a specific tangential direction are always required to be infinitely large. Furthermore, the field discontinuity at the inner boundary always exists; the surface current is induced to make this discontinuity self-consistent. For a point transformed cloak, it does not experience such problems. The tangential fields at the inner boundary are all zero, implying no field discontinuity exists
physics.optics
by investigating wave properties at cloak boundaries invisibility cloaks with arbitrary shape constructed by general coordinate transformations are confirmed to be perfectly invisible to the external incident wave the differences between line transformed cloaks and point transformed cloaks are discussed the fields in the cloak medium are found analytically to be related to the fields in the original space via coordinate transformation functions at the exterior boundary of the cloak it is shown that no reflection is excited even though the permittivity and permeability do not always have a perfect matched layer form while at the inner boundary no reflection is excited either and in particular no field can penetrate into the cloaked region however for the inner boundary of any line transformed cloak the permittivity and permeability in a specific tangential direction are always required to be infinitely large furthermore the field discontinuity at the inner boundary always exists the surface current is induced to make this discontinuity selfconsistent for a point transformed cloak it does not experience such problems the tangential fields at the inner boundary are all zero implying no field discontinuity exists
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712.1695
Evaluation of Biot-Savart integrals on tetrahedral meshes
An arithmetically simple method has been developed for the evaluation of Biot--Savart integrals on tetrahedralized distributions of vorticity. In place of the usual approach of analytical formulae for the velocity induced by a linear distribution of vorticity on a tetrahedron, the integration is performed using Gaussian quadrature and a ray tracing technique from computer graphics. This eliminates completely the need for the evaluation of square roots, logarithms and arc tangents, and almost completely eliminates the requirement for trigonometric functions, with no operation more costly than a division required during the main calculation loop. An assessment of the algorithm's performance is presented, demonstrating its accuracy, second order convergence and near-linear speedup on parallel systems.
math.NA math-ph math.MP
an arithmetically simple method has been developed for the evaluation of biotsavart integrals on tetrahedralized distributions of vorticity in place of the usual approach of analytical formulae for the velocity induced by a linear distribution of vorticity on a tetrahedron the integration is performed using gaussian quadrature and a ray tracing technique from computer graphics this eliminates completely the need for the evaluation of square roots logarithms and arc tangents and almost completely eliminates the requirement for trigonometric functions with no operation more costly than a division required during the main calculation loop an assessment of the algorithms performance is presented demonstrating its accuracy second order convergence and nearlinear speedup on parallel systems
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712.1696
Mott-Hubbard Transition of Bosons in Optical Lattices with Three-body Interactions
In this paper, the quantum phase transition between superfluid state and Mott-insulator state is studied based on an extended Bose-Hubbard model with two- and three-body on-site interactions. By employing the mean-field approximation we find the extension of the insulating 'lobes' and the existence of a fixed point in three dimensional phase space. We investigate the link between experimental parameters and theoretical variables. The possibility to obverse our results through some experimental effects in optically trapped Bose-Einstein Condensates(BEC) is also discussed.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.str-el
in this paper the quantum phase transition between superfluid state and mottinsulator state is studied based on an extended bosehubbard model with two and threebody onsite interactions by employing the meanfield approximation we find the extension of the insulating lobes and the existence of a fixed point in three dimensional phase space we investigate the link between experimental parameters and theoretical variables the possibility to obverse our results through some experimental effects in optically trapped boseeinstein condensatesbec is also discussed
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712.1697
Bolometric Correction of the roAp star $\alpha$ Cir
For the first time, the bolometric correction of $\alpha$ Cir was determined. Two values, both based on an estimation of the total integrated flux, were obtained. For that purpose spectroscopic and photometric data of $\alpha$ Cir available in the literature was used. The values derived were then used to place $\alpha$ Cir in the HR diagram.
astro-ph
for the first time the bolometric correction of alpha cir was determined two values both based on an estimation of the total integrated flux were obtained for that purpose spectroscopic and photometric data of alpha cir available in the literature was used the values derived were then used to place alpha cir in the hr diagram
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712.1698
PAC-Bayesian Bounds for Randomized Empirical Risk Minimizers
The aim of this paper is to generalize the PAC-Bayesian theorems proved by Catoni in the classification setting to more general problems of statistical inference. We show how to control the deviations of the risk of randomized estimators. A particular attention is paid to randomized estimators drawn in a small neighborhood of classical estimators, whose study leads to control the risk of the latter. These results allow to bound the risk of very general estimation procedures, as well as to perform model selection.
stat.ML math.ST stat.TH
the aim of this paper is to generalize the pacbayesian theorems proved by catoni in the classification setting to more general problems of statistical inference we show how to control the deviations of the risk of randomized estimators a particular attention is paid to randomized estimators drawn in a small neighborhood of classical estimators whose study leads to control the risk of the latter these results allow to bound the risk of very general estimation procedures as well as to perform model selection
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712.1699
Numerical quadratures for near-singular and near-hypersingular integrals in boundary element methods
A method of deriving quadrature rules has been developed which gives nodes and weights for a Gaussian-type rule which integrates functions of the form: f(x,y,t) = a(x,y,t)/((x-t)^2+y^2) + b(x,y,t)/([(x-t)^2+y^2]^{1/2}) + c(x,y,t)\log[(x-t)^2+y^2]^{1/2} + d(x,y,t), without having to explicitly analyze the singularities of $f(x,y,t)$ or separate it into its components. The method extends previous work on a similar technique for the evaluation of Cauchy principal value or Hadamard finite part integrals, in the case when $y\equiv0$. The method is tested by evaluating standard reference integrals and its error is found to be comparable to machine precision in the best case.
math.NA math-ph math.MP
a method of deriving quadrature rules has been developed which gives nodes and weights for a gaussiantype rule which integrates functions of the form fxyt axytxt2y2 bxytxt2y212 cxytlogxt2y212 dxyt without having to explicitly analyze the singularities of fxyt or separate it into its components the method extends previous work on a similar technique for the evaluation of cauchy principal value or hadamard finite part integrals in the case when yequiv0 the method is tested by evaluating standard reference integrals and its error is found to be comparable to machine precision in the best case
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712.17
Light Scattering on Random Dielectric Layers
Scattering of light by a random stack of dielectric layers represents a one-dimensional scattering problem, where the scattered field is a three-dimensional vector field. We investigate the dependence of the scattering properties (band gaps and Anderson localization) on the wavelength, strength of randomness and relative angle of the incident wave. There is a characteristic angular dependence of Anderson localization for wavelengths close to the thickness of the layers. In particular, the localization length varies non-monotonously with the angle. In contrast to Anderson localization, absorptive layers do not have this characteristic angular dependence.
physics.optics physics.gen-ph
scattering of light by a random stack of dielectric layers represents a onedimensional scattering problem where the scattered field is a threedimensional vector field we investigate the dependence of the scattering properties band gaps and anderson localization on the wavelength strength of randomness and relative angle of the incident wave there is a characteristic angular dependence of anderson localization for wavelengths close to the thickness of the layers in particular the localization length varies nonmonotonously with the angle in contrast to anderson localization absorptive layers do not have this characteristic angular dependence
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712.1701
2D radiative modelling of He I spectral lines formed in solar prominences
We present preliminary results of 2D radiative modelling of He I lines in solar prominences, using a new numerical code developed by us (Leger, Chevallier and Paletou 2007). It treats self-consistently the radiation transfer and the non-LTE statistical equilibrium of H and, in a second stage, the one of He using a detailed atomic model. Preliminary comparisons with new visible plus near-infrared observations made at high spectral resolution with THeMIS are very satisfactory.
astro-ph
we present preliminary results of 2d radiative modelling of he i lines in solar prominences using a new numerical code developed by us leger chevallier and paletou 2007 it treats selfconsistently the radiation transfer and the nonlte statistical equilibrium of h and in a second stage the one of he using a detailed atomic model preliminary comparisons with new visible plus nearinfrared observations made at high spectral resolution with themis are very satisfactory
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712.1702
Soliton solutions in relativistic field theories and gravitation
We report on some recent results on a class of relativistic lagrangian field theories supporting non-topological soliton solutions and their applications in the contexts of Gravitation and Cosmology. We analyze one and many-components scalar fields and gauge fields.
hep-th
we report on some recent results on a class of relativistic lagrangian field theories supporting nontopological soliton solutions and their applications in the contexts of gravitation and cosmology we analyze one and manycomponents scalar fields and gauge fields
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712.1703
Structural distortion and the spin liquid state in Tb2Ti2O7
It is shown that a k=0, A_{2u} distortion of the terbium tetrahedral network in Tb2Ti2O7 accounts for the apparent isolation of single tetrahedra as seen in neutron scattering studies. Single tetrahedron collective spin states, rather than individual spins, account for the main features of the spin liquid state, namely, fluctuating local moments and the absence of long range order. Singlet and doublet collective spin ground states are considered. An effective interaction between tetrahedra on the fcc lattice is derived and found to be weak and anisotropic.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
it is shown that a k0 a_2u distortion of the terbium tetrahedral network in tb2ti2o7 accounts for the apparent isolation of single tetrahedra as seen in neutron scattering studies single tetrahedron collective spin states rather than individual spins account for the main features of the spin liquid state namely fluctuating local moments and the absence of long range order singlet and doublet collective spin ground states are considered an effective interaction between tetrahedra on the fcc lattice is derived and found to be weak and anisotropic
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712.1704
Symmetry and spin dephasing in (110)-grown quantum wells
Symmetry and spin dephasing of in (110)-grown GaAs quantum wells (QWs) are investigated applying magnetic field induced photogalvanic effect (MPGE) and time-resolved Kerr rotation. We show that MPGE provides a tool to probe the symmetry of (110)-grown quantum wells. The photocurrent is only observed for asymmetric structures but vanishes for symmetric QWs. Applying Kerr rotation we prove that in the latter case the spin relaxation time is maximal, therefore these structures set upper limit of spin dephasing in GaAs QWs. We also demonstrate that structure inversion asymmetry can be controllably tuned to zero by variation of delta-doping layer position.
cond-mat.mes-hall
symmetry and spin dephasing of in 110grown gaas quantum wells qws are investigated applying magnetic field induced photogalvanic effect mpge and timeresolved kerr rotation we show that mpge provides a tool to probe the symmetry of 110grown quantum wells the photocurrent is only observed for asymmetric structures but vanishes for symmetric qws applying kerr rotation we prove that in the latter case the spin relaxation time is maximal therefore these structures set upper limit of spin dephasing in gaas qws we also demonstrate that structure inversion asymmetry can be controllably tuned to zero by variation of deltadoping layer position
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712.1705
Self-aligned charge read-out for InAs nanowire quantum dots
A highly sensitive charge detector is realized for a quantum dot in an InAs nanowire. We have developed a self-aligned etching process to fabricate in a single step a quantum point contact in a two-dimensional electron gas and a quantum dot in an InAs nanowire. The quantum dot is strongly coupled to the underlying point contact which is used as a charge detector. The addition of one electron to the quantum dot leads to a change of the conductance of the charge detector by typically 20%. The charge sensitivity of the detector is used to measure Coulomb diamonds as well as charging events outside the dot. Charge stability diagrams measured by transport through the quantum dot and charge detection merge perfectly.
cond-mat.mes-hall
a highly sensitive charge detector is realized for a quantum dot in an inas nanowire we have developed a selfaligned etching process to fabricate in a single step a quantum point contact in a twodimensional electron gas and a quantum dot in an inas nanowire the quantum dot is strongly coupled to the underlying point contact which is used as a charge detector the addition of one electron to the quantum dot leads to a change of the conductance of the charge detector by typically 20 the charge sensitivity of the detector is used to measure coulomb diamonds as well as charging events outside the dot charge stability diagrams measured by transport through the quantum dot and charge detection merge perfectly
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712.1706
A direct Numerov sixth order numerical scheme to accurately solve the unidimensional Poisson equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions
In this article, we present an analytical direct method, based on a Numerov three-point scheme, which is sixth order accurate and has a linear execution time on the grid dimension, to solve the discrete one-dimensional Poisson equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Our results should improve numerical codes used mainly in self-consistent calculations in solid state physics.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.mtrl-sci
in this article we present an analytical direct method based on a numerov threepoint scheme which is sixth order accurate and has a linear execution time on the grid dimension to solve the discrete onedimensional poisson equation with dirichlet boundary conditions our results should improve numerical codes used mainly in selfconsistent calculations in solid state physics
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712.1707
Stokes matrices of hypergeometric integrals
In this work we compute the Stokes matrices of the ordinary differential equation satisfied by the hypergeometric integrals associated to an arrangement of hyperplanes in generic position. This generalizes the computation done by Ramis and Duval for confluent hypergeometric functions, which correspond to the arrangement of two points on the line. The proof is based on an explicit description of a base of canonical solutions as integrals on the cones of the arrangement, and combinatorial relations between integrals on cones and on domains.
math.DS math.CV
in this work we compute the stokes matrices of the ordinary differential equation satisfied by the hypergeometric integrals associated to an arrangement of hyperplanes in generic position this generalizes the computation done by ramis and duval for confluent hypergeometric functions which correspond to the arrangement of two points on the line the proof is based on an explicit description of a base of canonical solutions as integrals on the cones of the arrangement and combinatorial relations between integrals on cones and on domains
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712.1708
Search for Bs --> mu+mu- and Bd --> mu+mu- Decays with 2fb-1 of ppbar Collisions
We have performed a search for Bs-->mu+mu- and Bd-->mu+mu- decays in ppbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96TeV using 2fb-1 of integrated luminosity collected by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The observed number of Bs and Bd candidates is consistent with background expectations. The resulting upper limits on the branching fractions are B(Bs-->mu+mu-) < 5.8X10^-8 and B(Bd-->mu+mu-) < 1.8X10^-8 at 95% C.L.
hep-ex
we have performed a search for bsmumu and bdmumu decays in ppbar collisions at sqrts 196tev using 2fb1 of integrated luminosity collected by the cdf ii detector at the fermilab tevatron collider the observed number of bs and bd candidates is consistent with background expectations the resulting upper limits on the branching fractions are bbsmumu 58x108 and bbdmumu 18x108 at 95 cl
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712.1709
Explicit construction of manifolds realizing the prescribed homology classes
We consider a classical N. Steenrod's problem on realization of homology classes by images of the fundamental classes of manifolds. It is well-known that each integral homology class can be realized with some multiplicity as an image of the fundamental class of a manifold. Our main result is an explicit purely combinatorial construction that for a given integral cycle provides a combinatorial manifold realizing a multiple of the homology class of this cycle. The construction is based on a local procedure for resolving singularities of a pseudo-manifold. We give an application of our result to the problem of constructing a combinatorial manifold with the prescribed set of links of vertices.
math.GT math.CO
we consider a classical n steenrods problem on realization of homology classes by images of the fundamental classes of manifolds it is wellknown that each integral homology class can be realized with some multiplicity as an image of the fundamental class of a manifold our main result is an explicit purely combinatorial construction that for a given integral cycle provides a combinatorial manifold realizing a multiple of the homology class of this cycle the construction is based on a local procedure for resolving singularities of a pseudomanifold we give an application of our result to the problem of constructing a combinatorial manifold with the prescribed set of links of vertices
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712.171
A simple method for timing an XFEL source to high-power lasers
We propose a technique, to be used for time-resolved pump-probe experiments, for timing an x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) to a high-power conventional laser with femtosecond accuracy. Our method takes advantage of the same electron bunch to produce both an XFEL pulse and an ultrashort optical pulse with the help of an optical radiator downstream of the x-ray undulator. Since both pulses are produced by the same electron bunch, they are perfectly synchronized. Application of cross-correlation techniques will allow to determine relative jitter between the optical pulse (and, thus, the XFEL pulse) and a pulse from an external pump-laser with femtosecond resolution. Technical realization of the proposed timing scheme uses an optical replica synthesizer (ORS) setup to be installed after the final bunch-compression stage of the XFEL. The electron bunch is modulated in the ORS setup by an external optical laser. Subsequently, it travels through the main undulator, and produces the XFEL pulse. Finally, a powerful optical pulse of coherent edge radiation is generated as the bunch passes through a long straight section and a separation magnet downstream of the main undulator. Our study shows that at a moderate (about 10%) density modulation of the electron bunch at the location of the optical radiator allows production of high power x-ray and optical pulses. Relative synchronization of these pulses is preserved by using the same mechanical support for both x-ray and optical elements transporting radiation down to the experimental area, where single-shot cross-correlation between optical pulse and pump-laser pulse is performed. We illustrate the potential of the proposed timing technique with numerical examples referring to the European XFEL facility.
physics.acc-ph physics.optics
we propose a technique to be used for timeresolved pumpprobe experiments for timing an xray free electron laser xfel to a highpower conventional laser with femtosecond accuracy our method takes advantage of the same electron bunch to produce both an xfel pulse and an ultrashort optical pulse with the help of an optical radiator downstream of the xray undulator since both pulses are produced by the same electron bunch they are perfectly synchronized application of crosscorrelation techniques will allow to determine relative jitter between the optical pulse and thus the xfel pulse and a pulse from an external pumplaser with femtosecond resolution technical realization of the proposed timing scheme uses an optical replica synthesizer ors setup to be installed after the final bunchcompression stage of the xfel the electron bunch is modulated in the ors setup by an external optical laser subsequently it travels through the main undulator and produces the xfel pulse finally a powerful optical pulse of coherent edge radiation is generated as the bunch passes through a long straight section and a separation magnet downstream of the main undulator our study shows that at a moderate about 10 density modulation of the electron bunch at the location of the optical radiator allows production of high power xray and optical pulses relative synchronization of these pulses is preserved by using the same mechanical support for both xray and optical elements transporting radiation down to the experimental area where singleshot crosscorrelation between optical pulse and pumplaser pulse is performed we illustrate the potential of the proposed timing technique with numerical examples referring to the european xfel facility
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712.1711
Probing a Supersymmetric Model for Neutrino Masses at Ultrahigh Energy Neutrino Telescopes
A bilinear R-Parity breaking SUSY model for neutrino mass and mixing predicts the lightest superparticle to decay mainly into a pair of tau leptons or b quarks along with a neutrino for relatively light SUSY spectra. This leads to a distinctive triple bang signature of SUSY events at ultrahigh energy neutrino telescopes like IceCube or Antares. While the expected signal size is only marginal at IceCube, it will be promising for a future multi-km^3 size neutrino telescope.
hep-ph
a bilinear rparity breaking susy model for neutrino mass and mixing predicts the lightest superparticle to decay mainly into a pair of tau leptons or b quarks along with a neutrino for relatively light susy spectra this leads to a distinctive triple bang signature of susy events at ultrahigh energy neutrino telescopes like icecube or antares while the expected signal size is only marginal at icecube it will be promising for a future multikm3 size neutrino telescope
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712.1712
The \'Etale Homology and The Cycle Maps in Adic Coefficients
In this article, we define the l-adic homology for a morphism of schemes satisfying certain finiteness conditions. This homology has these functors similar to the Chow groups: proper push-forward, flat pull-back, base change, cap-product, etc. In particular on singular varieties, this kind of l-adic homology behaves much better that the classical l-adic cohomology. As an application, we give an much easier approach to construct the cycle maps for arbitrary algebraic schemes over fields of finite cohomology dimension. And we prove these cycle maps kill the algebraic equivalences and commute with the Chern action of locally free sheaves.
math.AG
in this article we define the ladic homology for a morphism of schemes satisfying certain finiteness conditions this homology has these functors similar to the chow groups proper pushforward flat pullback base change capproduct etc in particular on singular varieties this kind of ladic homology behaves much better that the classical ladic cohomology as an application we give an much easier approach to construct the cycle maps for arbitrary algebraic schemes over fields of finite cohomology dimension and we prove these cycle maps kill the algebraic equivalences and commute with the chern action of locally free sheaves
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712.1713
Detectable primordial non-gaussianities and gravitational waves in k-inflation
An inflationary single field model with a non-trivial kinetic term for the inflaton is discussed. It is shown that it is possible to have large primordial non-gaussianities and large tensor-to-scalar ratio in a simple concrete model with just a scalar field and a generalized kinetic term for the inflaton field. This is potentially interesting in the prospect of new forthcoming observations.
astro-ph
an inflationary single field model with a nontrivial kinetic term for the inflaton is discussed it is shown that it is possible to have large primordial nongaussianities and large tensortoscalar ratio in a simple concrete model with just a scalar field and a generalized kinetic term for the inflaton field this is potentially interesting in the prospect of new forthcoming observations
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712.1714
Molecular shells in IRC+10216: Evidence for non-isotropic and episodic mass loss enhancement
We report high angular-resolution VLA observations of cyanopolyyne molecules HC$_3$N and HC$_5$N from the carbon rich circumstellar envelope of IRC+10216. The observed low-lying rotational transitions trace a much more extended emitting region than seen in previous observations at higher frequency transitions. We resolve the hollow quasi-spherical distribution of the molecular emissions into a number of clumpy shells. These molecular shells coincide spatially with dust arcs seen in deep optical images of the IRC+10216 envelope, allowing us to study for the first time the kinematics of these features. We find that the molecular and dust shells represent the same density enhancements in the envelope separated in time by $\sim$120 to $\sim$360 yrs. From the angular size and velocity spread of the shells, we estimate that each shell typically covers about 10% of the stellar surface at the time of ejection. The distribution of the shells seems to be random in space. The good spatial correspondance between HC$_3$N and HC$_5$N emissions is in qualitative agreement with a recent chemical model that takes into account the presence of density-enhanced shells. The broad spatial distribution of the cyanopolyyne molecules, however, would necessitate further study on their formation.
astro-ph
we report high angularresolution vla observations of cyanopolyyne molecules hc_3n and hc_5n from the carbon rich circumstellar envelope of irc10216 the observed lowlying rotational transitions trace a much more extended emitting region than seen in previous observations at higher frequency transitions we resolve the hollow quasispherical distribution of the molecular emissions into a number of clumpy shells these molecular shells coincide spatially with dust arcs seen in deep optical images of the irc10216 envelope allowing us to study for the first time the kinematics of these features we find that the molecular and dust shells represent the same density enhancements in the envelope separated in time by sim120 to sim360 yrs from the angular size and velocity spread of the shells we estimate that each shell typically covers about 10 of the stellar surface at the time of ejection the distribution of the shells seems to be random in space the good spatial correspondance between hc_3n and hc_5n emissions is in qualitative agreement with a recent chemical model that takes into account the presence of densityenhanced shells the broad spatial distribution of the cyanopolyyne molecules however would necessitate further study on their formation
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712.1715
Shell-model structure of exotic nuclei beyond 132Sn
We report on a study of exotic nuclei around doubly magic 132Sn in terms of the shell model employing a realistic effective interaction derived from the CD-Bonn nucleon-nucleon potential. The short-range repulsion of the bare potential is renormalized by constructing a smooth low-momentum potential, V-low-k, that is used directly as input for the calculation of the effective interaction. In this paper we focus attention on the nuclei 134Sn and 135Sb which, with an N/Z ratio of 1.68 and 1.65, respectively, are at present the most exotic nuclei beyond 132Sn for which information exists on excited states. Comparison shows that the calculated results for both nuclei are in very good agreement with the experimental data. We present our predictions of the hitherto unknown spectrum of 136Sn.
nucl-th
we report on a study of exotic nuclei around doubly magic 132sn in terms of the shell model employing a realistic effective interaction derived from the cdbonn nucleonnucleon potential the shortrange repulsion of the bare potential is renormalized by constructing a smooth lowmomentum potential vlowk that is used directly as input for the calculation of the effective interaction in this paper we focus attention on the nuclei 134sn and 135sb which with an nz ratio of 168 and 165 respectively are at present the most exotic nuclei beyond 132sn for which information exists on excited states comparison shows that the calculated results for both nuclei are in very good agreement with the experimental data we present our predictions of the hitherto unknown spectrum of 136sn
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712.1716
The next-to-leading order gravitational spin(1)-spin(2) dynamics in Hamiltonian form
Based on recent developments by the authors a next-to-leading order spin(1)-spin(2) Hamiltonian is derived for the first time. The result is obtained within the canonical formalism of Arnowitt, Deser, and Misner (ADM) utilizing their generalized isotropic coordinates. A comparison with other methods is given.
gr-qc astro-ph.HE
based on recent developments by the authors a nexttoleading order spin1spin2 hamiltonian is derived for the first time the result is obtained within the canonical formalism of arnowitt deser and misner adm utilizing their generalized isotropic coordinates a comparison with other methods is given
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712.1717
The Einsteinian T(3)-Gauge Approach and the Stress Tensor of the Screw Dislocation in the Second Order: Avoiding the Cut-off at the Core
A translational gauge approach of the Einstein type is proposed for obtaining the stresses that are due to non-singular screw dislocation. The stress distribution of second order around the screw dislocation is classically known for the hollow circular cylinder with traction-free external and internal boundaries. The inner boundary surrounds the dislocation's core, which is not captured by the conventional solution. The present gauge approach enables us to continue the classically known quadratic stresses inside the core. The gauge equation is chosen in the Hilbert--Einstein form, and it plays the role of non-conventional incompatibility law. The stress function method is used, and it leads to the modified stress potential given by two constituents: the conventional one, say, the `background' and a short-ranged gauge contribution. The latter just causes additional stresses, which are localized. The asymptotic properties of the resulting stresses are studied. Since the gauge contributions are short-ranged, the background stress field dominates sufficiently far from the core. The outer cylinder's boundary is traction-free. At sufficiently moderate distances, the second order stresses acquire regular continuation within the core region, and the cut-off at the core does not occur. Expressions for the asymptotically far stresses provide self-consistently new length scales dependent on the elastic parameters. These lengths could characterize an exteriority of the dislocation core region.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci astro-ph gr-qc
a translational gauge approach of the einstein type is proposed for obtaining the stresses that are due to nonsingular screw dislocation the stress distribution of second order around the screw dislocation is classically known for the hollow circular cylinder with tractionfree external and internal boundaries the inner boundary surrounds the dislocations core which is not captured by the conventional solution the present gauge approach enables us to continue the classically known quadratic stresses inside the core the gauge equation is chosen in the hilberteinstein form and it plays the role of nonconventional incompatibility law the stress function method is used and it leads to the modified stress potential given by two constituents the conventional one say the background and a shortranged gauge contribution the latter just causes additional stresses which are localized the asymptotic properties of the resulting stresses are studied since the gauge contributions are shortranged the background stress field dominates sufficiently far from the core the outer cylinders boundary is tractionfree at sufficiently moderate distances the second order stresses acquire regular continuation within the core region and the cutoff at the core does not occur expressions for the asymptotically far stresses provide selfconsistently new length scales dependent on the elastic parameters these lengths could characterize an exteriority of the dislocation core region
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712.1718
Rapidities and Observable 3-Velocities in the Flat Finslerian Event Space with Entirely Broken 3D Isotropy
We study the geometric phase transitions that accompany the dynamic rearrangement of vacuum under spontaneous violation of initial gauge symmetry. The rearrangement may give rise to condensates of three types, namely the scalar, axially symmetric, and entirely anisotropic condensates. The flat space-time keeps being the Minkowski space in the only case of scalar condensate. The anisotropic condensate having arisen, the respective anisotropy occurs also in space-time. In this case the space-time filled with axially symmetric condensate proves to be a flat relativistically invariant Finslerian space with partially broken 3D isotropy, while the space-time filled with entirely anisotropic condensate proves to be a flat relativistically invariant Finslerian space with entirely broken 3D isotropy. The two Finslerian space types are described briefly in the extended introduction to the work, while the original part of the latter is devoted to determining observable 3-velocities in the entirely anisotropic Finslerian event space. The main difficulties that are overcome in solving that problem arose from the nonstandard form of the light cone equation and from the necessity of correct introducing of a norm in the linear vector space of rapidities.
hep-th
we study the geometric phase transitions that accompany the dynamic rearrangement of vacuum under spontaneous violation of initial gauge symmetry the rearrangement may give rise to condensates of three types namely the scalar axially symmetric and entirely anisotropic condensates the flat spacetime keeps being the minkowski space in the only case of scalar condensate the anisotropic condensate having arisen the respective anisotropy occurs also in spacetime in this case the spacetime filled with axially symmetric condensate proves to be a flat relativistically invariant finslerian space with partially broken 3d isotropy while the spacetime filled with entirely anisotropic condensate proves to be a flat relativistically invariant finslerian space with entirely broken 3d isotropy the two finslerian space types are described briefly in the extended introduction to the work while the original part of the latter is devoted to determining observable 3velocities in the entirely anisotropic finslerian event space the main difficulties that are overcome in solving that problem arose from the nonstandard form of the light cone equation and from the necessity of correct introducing of a norm in the linear vector space of rapidities
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712.1719
Coset decomposition for semisimple Hopf algebras
The notion of double coset for semisimple finite dimensional Hopf algebras is introduced. This is done by considering an equivalence relation on the set of irreducible characters of the dual Hopf algebra. As an application formulae for the restriction of the irreducible characters to normal Hopf subalgebras are given.
math.RA
the notion of double coset for semisimple finite dimensional hopf algebras is introduced this is done by considering an equivalence relation on the set of irreducible characters of the dual hopf algebra as an application formulae for the restriction of the irreducible characters to normal hopf subalgebras are given
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712.172
Application of the Generalized Alignment Index (GALI) method to the dynamics of multi--dimensional symplectic maps
We study the phase space dynamics of multi--dimensional symplectic maps, using the method of the Generalized Alignment Index (GALI). In particular, we investigate the behavior of the GALI for a system of N=3 coupled standard maps and show that it provides an efficient criterion for rapidly distinguishing between regular and chaotic motion.
nlin.CD
we study the phase space dynamics of multidimensional symplectic maps using the method of the generalized alignment index gali in particular we investigate the behavior of the gali for a system of n3 coupled standard maps and show that it provides an efficient criterion for rapidly distinguishing between regular and chaotic motion
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712.1721
Higher derivative regularization and quantum corrections in N=1 supersymmetric theories
We review some results of applying the higher covariant derivative regularization to the investigation of quantum corrections structure in N=1 supersymmetric theories. In particular, we demonstrate that all integrals, defining the Gell-Mann--Low function in supersymmetric theories, are integrals of total derivatives. As a consequence, there is an identity for Green functions, which does not follow from any known symmetry of the theory, in N=1 supersymmetric theories. We also discuss how to derive the exact $\beta$-function by methods of the perturbation theory.
hep-th
we review some results of applying the higher covariant derivative regularization to the investigation of quantum corrections structure in n1 supersymmetric theories in particular we demonstrate that all integrals defining the gellmannlow function in supersymmetric theories are integrals of total derivatives as a consequence there is an identity for green functions which does not follow from any known symmetry of the theory in n1 supersymmetric theories we also discuss how to derive the exact betafunction by methods of the perturbation theory
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712.1722
On small homotopies of loops
Two natural questions are answered in the negative: (1) If a space has the property that small nulhomotopic loops bound small nulhomotopies, then are loops which are limits of nulhomotopic loops themselves nulhomotopic? (2) Can adding arcs to a space cause an essential curve to become nulhomotopic? The answer to the first question clarifies the relationship between the notions of a space being homotopically Hausdorff and $\pi_1$-shape injective.
math.GT math.AT math.GR
two natural questions are answered in the negative 1 if a space has the property that small nulhomotopic loops bound small nulhomotopies then are loops which are limits of nulhomotopic loops themselves nulhomotopic 2 can adding arcs to a space cause an essential curve to become nulhomotopic the answer to the first question clarifies the relationship between the notions of a space being homotopically hausdorff and pi_1shape injective
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712.1723
Diophantine Networks
We introduce a new class of deterministic networks by associating networks with Diophantine equations, thus relating network topology to algebraic properties. The network is formed by representing integers as vertices and by drawing cliques between M vertices every time that M distinct integers satisfy the equation. We analyse the network generated by the Pythagorean equation $x^{2}+y^{2}= z^{2}$ showing that its degree distribution is well approximated by a power law with exponential cut-off. We also show that the properties of this network differ considerably from the features of scale-free networks generated through preferential attachment. Remarkably we also recover a power law for the clustering coefficient.
physics.soc-ph cond-mat.dis-nn physics.data-an
we introduce a new class of deterministic networks by associating networks with diophantine equations thus relating network topology to algebraic properties the network is formed by representing integers as vertices and by drawing cliques between m vertices every time that m distinct integers satisfy the equation we analyse the network generated by the pythagorean equation x2y2 z2 showing that its degree distribution is well approximated by a power law with exponential cutoff we also show that the properties of this network differ considerably from the features of scalefree networks generated through preferential attachment remarkably we also recover a power law for the clustering coefficient
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712.1724
Coherent states for the quantum mechanics on a torus
The coherent states for the quantum mechanics on a torus and their basic properties are discussed.
quant-ph
the coherent states for the quantum mechanics on a torus and their basic properties are discussed
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712.1725
Vinberg's \theta-groups in positive characteristic and Kostant-Weierstrass slices
We generalize the basic results of Vinberg's \theta-groups, or periodically graded reductive Lie algebras, to fields of good positive characteristic. To this end we clarify the relationship between the little Weyl group and the (standard) Weyl group. We deduce that the ring of invariants associated to the grading is a polynomial ring. This approach allows us to prove the existence of a KW-section for a classical graded Lie algebra (in zero or good characteristic), confirming a conjecture of Popov in this case.
math.AG
we generalize the basic results of vinbergs thetagroups or periodically graded reductive lie algebras to fields of good positive characteristic to this end we clarify the relationship between the little weyl group and the standard weyl group we deduce that the ring of invariants associated to the grading is a polynomial ring this approach allows us to prove the existence of a kwsection for a classical graded lie algebra in zero or good characteristic confirming a conjecture of popov in this case
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712.1726
Quantum interference spectroscopy of RbHe exciplexes formed on helium nanodroplets
Femtosecond multiphoton pump-probe photoionization is applied to helium nanodroplets doped with rubidium (Rb). The yield of Rb+ ions features pronounced quantum interference (QI) fringes demonstrating the coherence of a superposition of electronic states on a time scale of tens of picoseconds. Furthermore, we observe QI in the yield of formed RbHe exciplex molecules. The quantum interferogram allows to determine the vibrational structure of these unstable molecules. From a sliced Fourier analysis one can not only extract the population dynamics of vibrational states but also follow their energetic evolution during the RbHe formation.
physics.atom-ph physics.atm-clus
femtosecond multiphoton pumpprobe photoionization is applied to helium nanodroplets doped with rubidium rb the yield of rb ions features pronounced quantum interference qi fringes demonstrating the coherence of a superposition of electronic states on a time scale of tens of picoseconds furthermore we observe qi in the yield of formed rbhe exciplex molecules the quantum interferogram allows to determine the vibrational structure of these unstable molecules from a sliced fourier analysis one can not only extract the population dynamics of vibrational states but also follow their energetic evolution during the rbhe formation
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712.1727
Scalar wormholes in cosmological setting and their instability
We construct exact nonstatic nonhomogeneous spherically symmetric solutions in the theory of gravity with a scalar field possessing the exponential potential. The solution of particular interest corresponds to the scalar field with negative kinetic energy, i.e. a ghost, and represents two asymptotically homogeneous spatially flat universes connected by a throat. We interpret this solution as a wormhole in cosmological setting. Both the universes and the wormhole throat are simultaneously expanding with acceleration. The character of expansion qualitatively depends on the wormhole's mass $m$. For $m=0$ the expansion goes exponentially, so that the corresponding spacetime configuration represents two de Sitter universes joining by the throat. For $m>0$ the expansion has the power character, so that one has the inflating wormhole connecting two homogeneous spatially flat universes expanding according to the power law into the final singularity. The stability analysis of the non-static wormholes reveals their instability against linear spherically symmetric perturbations.
gr-qc
we construct exact nonstatic nonhomogeneous spherically symmetric solutions in the theory of gravity with a scalar field possessing the exponential potential the solution of particular interest corresponds to the scalar field with negative kinetic energy ie a ghost and represents two asymptotically homogeneous spatially flat universes connected by a throat we interpret this solution as a wormhole in cosmological setting both the universes and the wormhole throat are simultaneously expanding with acceleration the character of expansion qualitatively depends on the wormholes mass m for m0 the expansion goes exponentially so that the corresponding spacetime configuration represents two de sitter universes joining by the throat for m0 the expansion has the power character so that one has the inflating wormhole connecting two homogeneous spatially flat universes expanding according to the power law into the final singularity the stability analysis of the nonstatic wormholes reveals their instability against linear spherically symmetric perturbations
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712.1728
Features of Traffic Congestion caused by bad Weather Conditions or Accident
Spatiotemporal features and physics of vehicular traffic congestion occurring due to heavy freeway bottlenecks caused by bad weather conditions or accidents are found based on simulations in the framework of three-phase traffic theory. A model of a heavy bottleneck is presented. Under a continuous non-limited increase in bottleneck strength, i.e., when the average flow rate within a congested pattern allowed by the heavy bottleneck decreases continuously up to zero, the evolution of the traffic phases in congested traffic, synchronized flow and wide moving jams, is studied.
physics.soc-ph
spatiotemporal features and physics of vehicular traffic congestion occurring due to heavy freeway bottlenecks caused by bad weather conditions or accidents are found based on simulations in the framework of threephase traffic theory a model of a heavy bottleneck is presented under a continuous nonlimited increase in bottleneck strength ie when the average flow rate within a congested pattern allowed by the heavy bottleneck decreases continuously up to zero the evolution of the traffic phases in congested traffic synchronized flow and wide moving jams is studied
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712.1729
Dynamical Symmetry Breaking of a Relativistic Model in Quasi-(1+1)-Dimensions. I. Formulation
The dynamical symmetry breaking in a quasi-(1+1)-dimensional relativistic model is investigated. The motions of particles in intrachain are described as a relativistic electron-hole gas, while the interchain hopping term is introduced as a 0th-component of vector in (1+1)-dimensions, a kind of chemical potential of the system. The gauge symmetry of the model is chosen as U(1) suitable for a possible situation of a real substance in condensed matter physics. We consider the BCS-type contact interactions for the s-wave fermion-pair condensates, while employ the nonlocal interactions of the generalized BCS framework to generate the $p$-, $d$- and $f$-wave condensations in the system. Especially we examine the dynamical generation of a Dirac mass term and superconductivity in the model. The phenomenon is interpreted as metal-insulator/metal-superconductor phase transitions.
cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.str-el hep-ph
the dynamical symmetry breaking in a quasi11dimensional relativistic model is investigated the motions of particles in intrachain are described as a relativistic electronhole gas while the interchain hopping term is introduced as a 0thcomponent of vector in 11dimensions a kind of chemical potential of the system the gauge symmetry of the model is chosen as u1 suitable for a possible situation of a real substance in condensed matter physics we consider the bcstype contact interactions for the swave fermionpair condensates while employ the nonlocal interactions of the generalized bcs framework to generate the p d and fwave condensations in the system especially we examine the dynamical generation of a dirac mass term and superconductivity in the model the phenomenon is interpreted as metalinsulatormetalsuperconductor phase transitions
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712.173
Quantum Monte Carlo study of small pure and mixed spin-polarized tritium clusters
We have investigated the stability limits of small spin-polarized clusters consisting of up to ten spin-polarized tritium T$\downarrow$ atoms and the mixtures of T$\downarrow$ with spin-polarized deuterium D$\downarrow$ and hydrogen H$\downarrow$ atoms. All of our calculations have been performed using the variational and diffusion Monte Carlo methods. For clusters with D$\downarrow$ atoms, the released node procedure is used in cases where the wave function has nodes. In addition to the energy, we have also calculated the structure of small clusters using unbiased estimators. Results obtained for pure T$\downarrow$ clusters are in good accordance with previous calculations, confirming that the trimer is the smallest spin-polarized tritium cluster. Our results show that mixed T$\downarrow$-H$\downarrow$ clusters having up to ten atoms are unstable and that it takes at least three tritium atoms to bind one, two or three D$\downarrow$ atoms. Among all the considered clusters, we have found no other Borromean states except the ground state of the T$\downarrow$ trimer.
cond-mat.other
we have investigated the stability limits of small spinpolarized clusters consisting of up to ten spinpolarized tritium tdownarrow atoms and the mixtures of tdownarrow with spinpolarized deuterium ddownarrow and hydrogen hdownarrow atoms all of our calculations have been performed using the variational and diffusion monte carlo methods for clusters with ddownarrow atoms the released node procedure is used in cases where the wave function has nodes in addition to the energy we have also calculated the structure of small clusters using unbiased estimators results obtained for pure tdownarrow clusters are in good accordance with previous calculations confirming that the trimer is the smallest spinpolarized tritium cluster our results show that mixed tdownarrowhdownarrow clusters having up to ten atoms are unstable and that it takes at least three tritium atoms to bind one two or three ddownarrow atoms among all the considered clusters we have found no other borromean states except the ground state of the tdownarrow trimer
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712.1731
3D MHD Coronal Oscillations About a Magnetic Null Point: Application of WKB Theory
This paper is a demonstration of how the WKB approximation can be used to help solve the linearised 3D MHD equations. Using Charpit's Method and a Runge-Kutta numerical scheme, we have demonstrated this technique for a potential 3D magnetic null point, ${\bf{B}}=(x,\epsilon y -(\epsilon +1)z)$. Under our cold plasma assumption, we have considered two types of wave propagation: fast magnetoacoustic and Alfv\'en waves. We find that the fast magnetoacoustic wave experiences refraction towards the magnetic null point, and that the effect of this refraction depends upon the Alfv\'en speed profile. The wave, and thus the wave energy, accumulates at the null point. We have found that current build up is exponential and the exponent is dependent upon $\epsilon$. Thus, for the fast wave there is preferential heating at the null point. For the Alfv\'en wave, we find that the wave propagates along the fieldlines. For an Alfv\'en wave generated along the fan-plane, the wave accumulates along the spine. For an Alfv\'en wave generated across the spine, the value of $\epsilon$ determines where the wave accumulation will occur: fan-plane ($\epsilon=1$), along the $x-$axis ($0<\epsilon <1$) or along the $y-$axis ($\epsilon>1$). We have shown analytically that currents build up exponentially, leading to preferential heating in these areas. The work described here highlights the importance of understanding the magnetic topology of the coronal magnetic field for the location of wave heating.
astro-ph
this paper is a demonstration of how the wkb approximation can be used to help solve the linearised 3d mhd equations using charpits method and a rungekutta numerical scheme we have demonstrated this technique for a potential 3d magnetic null point bfbxepsilon y epsilon 1z under our cold plasma assumption we have considered two types of wave propagation fast magnetoacoustic and alfven waves we find that the fast magnetoacoustic wave experiences refraction towards the magnetic null point and that the effect of this refraction depends upon the alfven speed profile the wave and thus the wave energy accumulates at the null point we have found that current build up is exponential and the exponent is dependent upon epsilon thus for the fast wave there is preferential heating at the null point for the alfven wave we find that the wave propagates along the fieldlines for an alfven wave generated along the fanplane the wave accumulates along the spine for an alfven wave generated across the spine the value of epsilon determines where the wave accumulation will occur fanplane epsilon1 along the xaxis 0epsilon 1 or along the yaxis epsilon1 we have shown analytically that currents build up exponentially leading to preferential heating in these areas the work described here highlights the importance of understanding the magnetic topology of the coronal magnetic field for the location of wave heating
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712.1732
The Theory of Uncertainty for Derived Results: Properties of Equations Representing Physicochemical Evaluation Systems
Any physiochemical variable (Ym) is always determined from certain measured variables {Xi}. The uncertainties {ui} of measuring {Xi} are generally a priori ensured as acceptable. However, there is no general method for assessing uncertainty (em) in the desired Ym, i.e. irrespective of whatever might be its system-specific-relationship (SSR) with {Xi}, and/ or be the causes of {ui}. We here therefore study the behaviors of different typical SSRs. The study shows that any SSR is characterized by a set of parameters, which govern em. That is, em is shown to represent a net SSR-driven (purely systematic) change in ui(s); and it cannot vary for whether ui(s) be caused by either or both statistical and systematic reasons. We thus present the general relationship of em with ui(s), and discuss how it can be used to predict a priori the requirements for an evaluated Ym to be representative, and hence to set the guidelines for designing experiments and also really appropriate evaluation models. Say: Y_m= f_m ({X_i}_(i=1)^N), then, although: e_m= g_m ({u_i}_(i=1)^N), "N" is not a key factor in governing em. However, simply for varying "fm", the em is demonstrated to be either equaling a ui, or >ui, or even <ui. Further, the limiting error (d_m^(Lim.)) in determining an Ym is also shown to be decided by "fm" (SSR). Thus, all SSRs are classified into two groups: (I) the SSRs that can never lead "d_m^(Lim.)" to be zero; and (II) the SSRs that enable "d_m^(Lim.)" to be zero. In fact, the theoretical-tool (SSR) is by pros and cons no different from any discrete experimental-means of a study, and has resemblance with chemical reactions as well.
physics.data-an physics.chem-ph physics.comp-ph
any physiochemical variable ym is always determined from certain measured variables xi the uncertainties ui of measuring xi are generally a priori ensured as acceptable however there is no general method for assessing uncertainty em in the desired ym ie irrespective of whatever might be its systemspecificrelationship ssr with xi and or be the causes of ui we here therefore study the behaviors of different typical ssrs the study shows that any ssr is characterized by a set of parameters which govern em that is em is shown to represent a net ssrdriven purely systematic change in uis and it cannot vary for whether uis be caused by either or both statistical and systematic reasons we thus present the general relationship of em with uis and discuss how it can be used to predict a priori the requirements for an evaluated ym to be representative and hence to set the guidelines for designing experiments and also really appropriate evaluation models say y_m f_m x_i_i1n then although e_m g_m u_i_i1n n is not a key factor in governing em however simply for varying fm the em is demonstrated to be either equaling a ui or ui or even ui further the limiting error d_mlim in determining an ym is also shown to be decided by fm ssr thus all ssrs are classified into two groups i the ssrs that can never lead d_mlim to be zero and ii the ssrs that enable d_mlim to be zero in fact the theoreticaltool ssr is by pros and cons no different from any discrete experimentalmeans of a study and has resemblance with chemical reactions as well
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712.1733
Frequency- and electric-field-dependent conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotube networks of varying density
We present measurements of the frequency and electric field dependent conductivity of single walled carbon nanotube(SWCNT) networks of various densities. The ac conductivity as a function of frequency is consistent with the extended pair approximation model and increases with frequency above an onset frequency $\omega_0$ which varies over seven decades with a range of film thickness from sub-monolayer to 200 nm. The nonlinear electric field-dependent DC conductivity shows strong dependence on film thickness as well. Measurement of the electric field dependence of the resistance R(E) allows for the determination of a length scale $L_{E}$ possibly characterizing the distance between tube contacts, which is found to systematically decrease with increasing film thickness. The onset frequency $\omega_0$ of ac conductivity and the length scale $L_{E}$ of SWCNT networks are found to be correlated, and a physically reasonable empirical formula relating them has been proposed. Such studies will help the understanding of transport properties and benefit the applications of this material system.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.dis-nn
we present measurements of the frequency and electric field dependent conductivity of single walled carbon nanotubeswcnt networks of various densities the ac conductivity as a function of frequency is consistent with the extended pair approximation model and increases with frequency above an onset frequency omega_0 which varies over seven decades with a range of film thickness from submonolayer to 200 nm the nonlinear electric fielddependent dc conductivity shows strong dependence on film thickness as well measurement of the electric field dependence of the resistance re allows for the determination of a length scale l_e possibly characterizing the distance between tube contacts which is found to systematically decrease with increasing film thickness the onset frequency omega_0 of ac conductivity and the length scale l_e of swcnt networks are found to be correlated and a physically reasonable empirical formula relating them has been proposed such studies will help the understanding of transport properties and benefit the applications of this material system
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712.1734
Chiral Extrapolation of light resonances from Unitarized Chiral Perturbation Theory
Both scalar and vector light resonances can be generated from the unitarization of one-loop chiral perturbation theory. This amounts to using in a dispersion relation the chiral expansion, which incorporates the correct QCD quark mass dependence. We can thus predict the quark mass dependence of the poles associated to those light resonances. Our results compare well with some recent lattice results for the rho(770) mass and can be used as a benchmark for future lattice results on the rho(770) or the f0(600) also known as the sigma.
hep-ph hep-lat nucl-th
both scalar and vector light resonances can be generated from the unitarization of oneloop chiral perturbation theory this amounts to using in a dispersion relation the chiral expansion which incorporates the correct qcd quark mass dependence we can thus predict the quark mass dependence of the poles associated to those light resonances our results compare well with some recent lattice results for the rho770 mass and can be used as a benchmark for future lattice results on the rho770 or the f0600 also known as the sigma
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712.1735
Systematic investigation of the structure of the Si(553)-Au surface from first principles
We present here a comprehensive search for the structure of the Si(553)-Au reconstruction. More than two hundred different trial structures have been studied using first-principles density-functional calculations with the SIESTA code. An iterative procedure, with a step-by-step increase of the accuracy and computational cost of the calculations, was used to allow for the study of this large number of configurations. We have considered reconstructions restricted to the topmost bilayer and studied two types: i) "flat" surface-bilayer models, where atoms at the topmost bilayer present different coordinations and registries with the underlying bulk, and ii) nine different models based on the substitution of a silicon atom by a gold atom in different positions of a $\pi$-bonded chain reconstruction of the Si(553) surface. We have developed a compact notation that allows us to label and identify all these structures. This is very useful for the automatic generation of trial geometries and counting the number of inequivalent structures, i.e., structures having different bonding topologies. The most stable models are those that exhibit a honeycomb-chain structure at the step edge. One of our models (model f2) reproduces the main features of the room temperature photoemission and scanning-tunneling microscopy data. Thus we conclude that f2 structure is a good candidate for the high temperature structure of the Si(553)-Au surface.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we present here a comprehensive search for the structure of the si553au reconstruction more than two hundred different trial structures have been studied using firstprinciples densityfunctional calculations with the siesta code an iterative procedure with a stepbystep increase of the accuracy and computational cost of the calculations was used to allow for the study of this large number of configurations we have considered reconstructions restricted to the topmost bilayer and studied two types i flat surfacebilayer models where atoms at the topmost bilayer present different coordinations and registries with the underlying bulk and ii nine different models based on the substitution of a silicon atom by a gold atom in different positions of a pibonded chain reconstruction of the si553 surface we have developed a compact notation that allows us to label and identify all these structures this is very useful for the automatic generation of trial geometries and counting the number of inequivalent structures ie structures having different bonding topologies the most stable models are those that exhibit a honeycombchain structure at the step edge one of our models model f2 reproduces the main features of the room temperature photoemission and scanningtunneling microscopy data thus we conclude that f2 structure is a good candidate for the high temperature structure of the si553au surface
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712.1736
Quantum dot defined in two-dimensional electron gas at n-AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction: simulation of electrostatic potential and charging properties
We present a self-consistent Schroedinger-Poisson scheme for simulation of electrostatic quantum dots defined in gated two-dimensional electron gas formed at n-AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction. The computational method is applied to a quantitative description of transport properties studied experimentally by Elzermann et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. {\bf 84}, 4617 (2004)]. The three-dimensional model describes the electrostatics of the entire device with a quantum dot that changes shape and floats inside a gated region when the applied voltages are varied. Our approach accounts for the metal electrodes of arbitrary geometry and configuration, includes magnetic field applied perpendicular to the growth direction, electron-electron correlation in the confined electron system and its interaction with the electron reservoir surrounding the quantum dot. We calculate the electric field, the space charge distribution as well as energies and wave functions of confined electrons to describe opening of two transport channels between the reservoir and the confined charge puddle. We determine the voltages for charging the dot with up to 4 electrons. The results are in a qualitative and quantitative agreement with the experimental data.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we present a selfconsistent schroedingerpoisson scheme for simulation of electrostatic quantum dots defined in gated twodimensional electron gas formed at nalgaasgaas heterojunction the computational method is applied to a quantitative description of transport properties studied experimentally by elzermann et al appl phys lett bf 84 4617 2004 the threedimensional model describes the electrostatics of the entire device with a quantum dot that changes shape and floats inside a gated region when the applied voltages are varied our approach accounts for the metal electrodes of arbitrary geometry and configuration includes magnetic field applied perpendicular to the growth direction electronelectron correlation in the confined electron system and its interaction with the electron reservoir surrounding the quantum dot we calculate the electric field the space charge distribution as well as energies and wave functions of confined electrons to describe opening of two transport channels between the reservoir and the confined charge puddle we determine the voltages for charging the dot with up to 4 electrons the results are in a qualitative and quantitative agreement with the experimental data
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712.1737
Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray production in the polar cap regions of black hole magnetospheres
We develop a model of ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) production via acceleration in a rotation-induced electric field in vacuum gaps in the magnetospheres of supermassive black holes (BH). We show that if the poloidal magnetic field near the BH horizon is misaligned with the BH rotation axis, charged particles, which initially spiral into the BH hole along the equatorial plane, penetrate into the regions above the BH "polar caps" and are ejected with high energies to infinity. We show that in such a model acceleration of protons near a BH of typical mass 3e8 solar masses is possible only if the magnetic field is almost aligned with the BH rotation axis. We find that the power of anisotropic electromagnetic emission from an UHECR source near a supermassive BH should be at least 10-100 times larger then UHECR power of the source. This implies that if the number of UHECR sources within the 100 Mpc sphere is ~100, the power of electromagnetic emission which accompanies proton acceleration in each source, $10^{42-43}$ erg/s, is comparable to the typical luminosities of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the local Universe. We also explore the acceleration of heavy nuclei, for which the constraints on the electromagnetic luminosity and on the alignment of magnetic field in the gap are relaxed.
astro-ph
we develop a model of ultrahigh energy cosmic ray uhecr production via acceleration in a rotationinduced electric field in vacuum gaps in the magnetospheres of supermassive black holes bh we show that if the poloidal magnetic field near the bh horizon is misaligned with the bh rotation axis charged particles which initially spiral into the bh hole along the equatorial plane penetrate into the regions above the bh polar caps and are ejected with high energies to infinity we show that in such a model acceleration of protons near a bh of typical mass 3e8 solar masses is possible only if the magnetic field is almost aligned with the bh rotation axis we find that the power of anisotropic electromagnetic emission from an uhecr source near a supermassive bh should be at least 10100 times larger then uhecr power of the source this implies that if the number of uhecr sources within the 100 mpc sphere is 100 the power of electromagnetic emission which accompanies proton acceleration in each source 104243 ergs is comparable to the typical luminosities of active galactic nuclei agn in the local universe we also explore the acceleration of heavy nuclei for which the constraints on the electromagnetic luminosity and on the alignment of magnetic field in the gap are relaxed
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712.1738
Characterizing and tracking single colloidal particles with video holographic microscopy
We use digital holographic microscopy and Mie scattering theory to simultaneously characterize and track individual colloidal particles. Each holographic snapshot provides enough information to measure a colloidal sphere's radius and refractive index to within 1%, and simultaneously to measure its three-dimensional position with nanometer in-plane precision and 10 nanometer axial resolution.
physics.optics cond-mat.soft
we use digital holographic microscopy and mie scattering theory to simultaneously characterize and track individual colloidal particles each holographic snapshot provides enough information to measure a colloidal spheres radius and refractive index to within 1 and simultaneously to measure its threedimensional position with nanometer inplane precision and 10 nanometer axial resolution
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712.1739
Dimensions, Maximal Growth Sites and Optimization in the Dielectric Breakdown Model
We study the growth of fractal clusters in the Dielectric Breakdown Model (DBM) by means of iterated conformal mappings. In particular we investigate the fractal dimension and the maximal growth site (measured by the Hoelder exponent $\alpha_{min}$) as a function of the growth exponent $\eta$ of the DBM model. We do not find evidence for a phase transition from fractal to non-fractal growth for a finite $\eta$-value. Simultaneously, we observe that the limit of non-fractal growth ($D\to 1$) is consistent with $\alpha_{min} \to 1/2$. Finally, using an optimization principle, we give a recipe on how to estimate the effective value of $\eta$ from temporal growth data of fractal aggregates.
cond-mat.stat-mech
we study the growth of fractal clusters in the dielectric breakdown model dbm by means of iterated conformal mappings in particular we investigate the fractal dimension and the maximal growth site measured by the hoelder exponent alpha_min as a function of the growth exponent eta of the dbm model we do not find evidence for a phase transition from fractal to nonfractal growth for a finite etavalue simultaneously we observe that the limit of nonfractal growth dto 1 is consistent with alpha_min to 12 finally using an optimization principle we give a recipe on how to estimate the effective value of eta from temporal growth data of fractal aggregates
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712.174
Uniform existence of the integrated density of states for combinatorial and metric graphs over Z^d
We give an overview and extension of recent results on ergodic random Schr\"odinger operators for models on $\mathbb{Z}^d$. The operators we consider are defined on combinatorial or metric graphs, with random potentials, random boundary conditions and random metrics taking values in a finite set. We show that normalized finite volume eigenvalue counting functions converge to a limit uniformly in the energy variable, at least locally. This limit, the integrated density of states (IDS), can be expressed by a closed Shubin-Pastur type trace formula. The set of points of increase of the IDS supports the spectrum and its points of discontinuity are characterized by existence of compactly supported eigenfunctions. This applies to several examples, including various periodic operators and percolation models.
math-ph math.FA math.MP math.SP
we give an overview and extension of recent results on ergodic random schrodinger operators for models on mathbbzd the operators we consider are defined on combinatorial or metric graphs with random potentials random boundary conditions and random metrics taking values in a finite set we show that normalized finite volume eigenvalue counting functions converge to a limit uniformly in the energy variable at least locally this limit the integrated density of states ids can be expressed by a closed shubinpastur type trace formula the set of points of increase of the ids supports the spectrum and its points of discontinuity are characterized by existence of compactly supported eigenfunctions this applies to several examples including various periodic operators and percolation models
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712.1741
A numerical study of Penrose-like inequalities in a family of axially symmetric initial data
Our current picture of black hole gravitational collapse relies on two assumptions: i) the resulting singularity is hidden behind an event horizon -- weak cosmic censorship conjecture -- and ii) spacetime eventually settles down to a stationarity state. In this setting, it follows that the minimal area containing an apparent horizon is bound by the square of the total ADM mass (Penrose inequality conjecture). Following Dain et al. 2002, we construct numerically a family of axisymmetric initial data with one or several marginally trapped surfaces. Penrose and related geometric inequalities are discused for these data. As a by-product, it is shown how Penrose inequality can be used as a diagnosis for an apparent horizon finder numerical routine.
gr-qc
our current picture of black hole gravitational collapse relies on two assumptions i the resulting singularity is hidden behind an event horizon weak cosmic censorship conjecture and ii spacetime eventually settles down to a stationarity state in this setting it follows that the minimal area containing an apparent horizon is bound by the square of the total adm mass penrose inequality conjecture following dain et al 2002 we construct numerically a family of axisymmetric initial data with one or several marginally trapped surfaces penrose and related geometric inequalities are discused for these data as a byproduct it is shown how penrose inequality can be used as a diagnosis for an apparent horizon finder numerical routine
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712.1742
Magnetic Doppler Imaging of Ap stars
Historically, the magnetic field geometries of the chemically peculiar Ap stars were modelled in the context of a simple dipole field. However, with the acquisition of increasingly sophisticated diagnostic data, it has become clear that the large-scale field topologies exhibit important departures from this simple model. Recently, new high-resolution circular and linear polarisation spectroscopy has even hinted at the presence of strong, small-scale field structures, which were completely unexpected based on earlier modelling. This project investigates the detailed structure of these strong fossil magnetic fields, in particular the large-scale field geometry, as well as small scale magnetic structures, by mapping the magnetic and chemical surface structure of a selected sample of Ap stars. These maps will be used to investigate the relationship between the local field vector and local surface chemistry, looking for the influence the field may have on the various chemical transport mechanisms (i.e., diffusion, convection and mass loss). This will lead to better constraints on the origin and evolution, as well as refining the magnetic field model for Ap stars. Mapping will be performed using high resolution and signal-to-noise ratio time-series of spectra in both circular and linear polarisation obtained using the new-generation ESPaDOnS and NARVAL spectropolarimeters at the CFHT and Pic du Midi Observatory. With these data we will perform tomographic inversion of Doppler-broadened Stokes IQUV Zeeman profiles of a large variety of spectral lines using the INVERS10 magnetic Doppler imaging code, simultaneously recovering the detailed surface maps of the vector magnetic field and chemical abundances.
astro-ph
historically the magnetic field geometries of the chemically peculiar ap stars were modelled in the context of a simple dipole field however with the acquisition of increasingly sophisticated diagnostic data it has become clear that the largescale field topologies exhibit important departures from this simple model recently new highresolution circular and linear polarisation spectroscopy has even hinted at the presence of strong smallscale field structures which were completely unexpected based on earlier modelling this project investigates the detailed structure of these strong fossil magnetic fields in particular the largescale field geometry as well as small scale magnetic structures by mapping the magnetic and chemical surface structure of a selected sample of ap stars these maps will be used to investigate the relationship between the local field vector and local surface chemistry looking for the influence the field may have on the various chemical transport mechanisms ie diffusion convection and mass loss this will lead to better constraints on the origin and evolution as well as refining the magnetic field model for ap stars mapping will be performed using high resolution and signaltonoise ratio timeseries of spectra in both circular and linear polarisation obtained using the newgeneration espadons and narval spectropolarimeters at the cfht and pic du midi observatory with these data we will perform tomographic inversion of dopplerbroadened stokes iquv zeeman profiles of a large variety of spectral lines using the invers10 magnetic doppler imaging code simultaneously recovering the detailed surface maps of the vector magnetic field and chemical abundances
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712.1743
The Spectral Energy Distribution of Self-gravitating Interstellar Clouds I. Spheres
We derive the spectral energy distribution (SED) of dusty, isothermal, self gravitating, stable and spherical clouds externally heated by the ambient interstellar radiation field. For a given radiation field and dust properties, the radiative transfer problem is determined by the pressure of the surrounding medium and the cloud mass expressed as a fraction of the maximum stable cloud mass above which the clouds become gravitational unstable. To solve the radiative transfer problem a ray-tracing code is used to accurately derive the light distribution inside the cloud. This code considers both non isotropic scattering on dust grains and multiple scattering events. The dust properties inside the clouds are assumed to be the same as in the diffuse interstellar medium in our galaxy. We analyse the effect of the pressure, the critical mass fraction, and the ISRF on the SED and present brightness profiles in the visible, the IR/FIR and the submm/mm regime with the focus on the scattered emission and the thermal emission from PAH-molecules and dust grains.
astro-ph
we derive the spectral energy distribution sed of dusty isothermal self gravitating stable and spherical clouds externally heated by the ambient interstellar radiation field for a given radiation field and dust properties the radiative transfer problem is determined by the pressure of the surrounding medium and the cloud mass expressed as a fraction of the maximum stable cloud mass above which the clouds become gravitational unstable to solve the radiative transfer problem a raytracing code is used to accurately derive the light distribution inside the cloud this code considers both non isotropic scattering on dust grains and multiple scattering events the dust properties inside the clouds are assumed to be the same as in the diffuse interstellar medium in our galaxy we analyse the effect of the pressure the critical mass fraction and the isrf on the sed and present brightness profiles in the visible the irfir and the submmmm regime with the focus on the scattered emission and the thermal emission from pahmolecules and dust grains
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712.1744
Measurement of the KS->gg branching ratio using a pure KS beam with the KLOE detector
We have searched for the decay KS->gg in a sample of 2x10^9 phi->KS KL decays collected at DAPHNE with an integrated luminosity of 1.9 fb^{-1}. KS are tagged by the KL interaction in the calorimeter. Two prompt photons must also be detected. Kinematic constraints reduce the initial 6x10^5 events to 2740 candidates, from which a signal of 711\pm 35 events is extracted. By normalizing to the KS->2pi^0 decays counted in the same sample, we measure BR(KS->gg)= (2.26\pm0.12_{stat}\pm0.06_{syst})x10^{-6}, in agreement with O(p^4) Chiral Perturbation Theory predictions.
hep-ex
we have searched for the decay ksgg in a sample of 2x109 phiks kl decays collected at daphne with an integrated luminosity of 19 fb1 ks are tagged by the kl interaction in the calorimeter two prompt photons must also be detected kinematic constraints reduce the initial 6x105 events to 2740 candidates from which a signal of 711pm 35 events is extracted by normalizing to the ks2pi0 decays counted in the same sample we measure brksgg 226pm012_statpm006_systx106 in agreement with op4 chiral perturbation theory predictions
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712.1745
Phenomenological description of the vortex density in rotating BEC superfluids
We propose a phenomenological equation for the vortex line density in rotating Bose-Einstein condensates as a function of the angular speed. This equation provides a simple description of the gross features of the increase in vortex number from the appearance of the first vortex to the theoretical rigid-body result for high vortex density, and allows one to compare with analogous situations in superfluid helium, after the suitable changes in the relevant parameters are made.
cond-mat.other
we propose a phenomenological equation for the vortex line density in rotating boseeinstein condensates as a function of the angular speed this equation provides a simple description of the gross features of the increase in vortex number from the appearance of the first vortex to the theoretical rigidbody result for high vortex density and allows one to compare with analogous situations in superfluid helium after the suitable changes in the relevant parameters are made
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712.1746
Characterisation of the magnetic field of the Herbig Be star HD 200775
After our recent discovery of four magnetic Herbig stars, we have decided to study in detail one of them, HD 200775, to determine if its magnetic topology is similar to that of the main sequence magnetic stars. With this aim, we monitored this star in Stokes I and V over more than two years, using the new spectropolarimeters ESPaDOnS at CFHT, and Narval at TBL. Using our data, we find that HD 200775 is a double-lined spectroscopic binary system, whose secondary seems similar, in temperature, to the primary. We determine the luminosity ratio of the system, and using the luminosity of the system found in literature, we derive the luminosity of both stars. From our measurements of the radial velocities of both stars we determine the ephemeris and the orbital parameters of the system. We have fitted 30 Stokes V profiles simultaneously, using a chi2 minimisation method, with a decentered-dipole model. The best-fit model provides a rotation period of 4.3281 d an inclination angle of 60 degrees, and a magnetic obliquity angle of 125 degrees. The polar strength of the magnetic dipole field is 1000 G, which is decentered by 0.05 R* from the center of the star. The derived magnetic field model is qualitatively identical to those commonly observed in the Ap/Bp stars, which bring strong argument in favour of the fossil field hypothesis, to explain the origin of the magnetic fields in the main sequence Ap/Bp stars. Our determination of the inclination of the rotation axis leads to a radius of the primary which is smaller than that derived from the HR diagram position. This can be explained by a larger intrinsic luminosity of the secondary relative to the primary, due to a larger circumstellar extinction of the secondary relative to the primary.
astro-ph
after our recent discovery of four magnetic herbig stars we have decided to study in detail one of them hd 200775 to determine if its magnetic topology is similar to that of the main sequence magnetic stars with this aim we monitored this star in stokes i and v over more than two years using the new spectropolarimeters espadons at cfht and narval at tbl using our data we find that hd 200775 is a doublelined spectroscopic binary system whose secondary seems similar in temperature to the primary we determine the luminosity ratio of the system and using the luminosity of the system found in literature we derive the luminosity of both stars from our measurements of the radial velocities of both stars we determine the ephemeris and the orbital parameters of the system we have fitted 30 stokes v profiles simultaneously using a chi2 minimisation method with a decentereddipole model the bestfit model provides a rotation period of 43281 d an inclination angle of 60 degrees and a magnetic obliquity angle of 125 degrees the polar strength of the magnetic dipole field is 1000 g which is decentered by 005 r from the center of the star the derived magnetic field model is qualitatively identical to those commonly observed in the apbp stars which bring strong argument in favour of the fossil field hypothesis to explain the origin of the magnetic fields in the main sequence apbp stars our determination of the inclination of the rotation axis leads to a radius of the primary which is smaller than that derived from the hr diagram position this can be explained by a larger intrinsic luminosity of the secondary relative to the primary due to a larger circumstellar extinction of the secondary relative to the primary
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712.1747
Effects of self-interaction corrections on the transport properties of phenyl-based molecular junctions
In transport calculations for molecular junctions based on density functional theory the choice of exchange and correlation functional may dramatically affect the results. In particular local and semi-local functionals tend to over-delocalize the molecular levels thus artificially increasing their broadening. In addition the same molecular levels are usually misplaced with respect to the Fermi level of the electrodes. These shortfalls are reminiscent of the inability of local functionals to describe Mott-Hubbard insulators, but they can be corrected with a simple and computationally undemanding self-interaction correction scheme. We apply such a scheme, as implemented in our transport code Smeagol, to a variety of phenyl-based molecular junctions attached to gold electrodes. In general the corrections reduce the current, since the resonant Kohn-Sham states of the molecule are shifted away from the contact Fermi level. In contrast, when the junction is already described as insulating by local exchange and correlation potentials, the corrections are minimal and the I-V is only weakly modified.
cond-mat.mes-hall
in transport calculations for molecular junctions based on density functional theory the choice of exchange and correlation functional may dramatically affect the results in particular local and semilocal functionals tend to overdelocalize the molecular levels thus artificially increasing their broadening in addition the same molecular levels are usually misplaced with respect to the fermi level of the electrodes these shortfalls are reminiscent of the inability of local functionals to describe motthubbard insulators but they can be corrected with a simple and computationally undemanding selfinteraction correction scheme we apply such a scheme as implemented in our transport code smeagol to a variety of phenylbased molecular junctions attached to gold electrodes in general the corrections reduce the current since the resonant kohnsham states of the molecule are shifted away from the contact fermi level in contrast when the junction is already described as insulating by local exchange and correlation potentials the corrections are minimal and the iv is only weakly modified
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712.1748
The effect of binaries on the dynamical mass determination of star clusters
The total mass of distant star clusters is often derived from the virial theorem, using line-of-sight velocity dispersion measurements and half-light radii. Although most stars form in binary systems, this is mostly ignored when interpreting the observations. The components of binary stars exhibit orbital motion, which may increase the measured velocity dispersion, and may therefore result in a dynamical mass overestimation. In this paper we quantify the effect of neglecting the binary population on the derivation of the dynamical mass of a star cluster. We simulate star clusters numerically, and study the dependence of the derived dynamical mass on the properties of the binary population. We find that the presence of binaries plays a crucial role for very sparse clusters with a stellar density comparable to that of the field star population (~0.1 stars/pc3), as the velocity dispersion is fully dominated by the binary orbital motion. For such clusters, the dynamical mass may overestimate the true mass by up to an order of magnitude. For very dense clusters (>10^7 stars/pc3), binaries do not affect the dynamical mass estimation significantly. For clusters of intermediate density (0.1-10^7 stars/pc3), the dynamical mass can be overestimated by 10-100%, depending on the properties of the binary population.
astro-ph
the total mass of distant star clusters is often derived from the virial theorem using lineofsight velocity dispersion measurements and halflight radii although most stars form in binary systems this is mostly ignored when interpreting the observations the components of binary stars exhibit orbital motion which may increase the measured velocity dispersion and may therefore result in a dynamical mass overestimation in this paper we quantify the effect of neglecting the binary population on the derivation of the dynamical mass of a star cluster we simulate star clusters numerically and study the dependence of the derived dynamical mass on the properties of the binary population we find that the presence of binaries plays a crucial role for very sparse clusters with a stellar density comparable to that of the field star population 01 starspc3 as the velocity dispersion is fully dominated by the binary orbital motion for such clusters the dynamical mass may overestimate the true mass by up to an order of magnitude for very dense clusters 107 starspc3 binaries do not affect the dynamical mass estimation significantly for clusters of intermediate density 01107 starspc3 the dynamical mass can be overestimated by 10100 depending on the properties of the binary population
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712.1749
Particle acceleration by multiple parallel shocks
We present both numerical and semi-analytical results on test-particle acceleration in multiple parallel shocks. We apply a kinetic Monte Carlo code and an eigenfunction expansion method to calculate the distribution functions for electron populations accelerated in subsequent parallel shocks with speeds ranging from non- to fully-relativistic. We examine the levels of particle anisotropy at the shocks and discuss the implications for AGN and microquasar jets.
astro-ph
we present both numerical and semianalytical results on testparticle acceleration in multiple parallel shocks we apply a kinetic monte carlo code and an eigenfunction expansion method to calculate the distribution functions for electron populations accelerated in subsequent parallel shocks with speeds ranging from non to fullyrelativistic we examine the levels of particle anisotropy at the shocks and discuss the implications for agn and microquasar jets
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712.175
Neutrino Mass
This is a review article about the most recent developments on the field of neutrino mass. The first part of the review introduces the idea of neutrino masses and mixing angles, summarizes the most recent experimental data then discusses the experimental prospects and challenges in this area. The second part of the review discusses the implications of these results for particle physics and cosmology, including the origin of neutrino mass, the see-saw mechanism and sequential dominance, and large extra dimensions and cosmology.
physics.pop-ph physics.ed-ph
this is a review article about the most recent developments on the field of neutrino mass the first part of the review introduces the idea of neutrino masses and mixing angles summarizes the most recent experimental data then discusses the experimental prospects and challenges in this area the second part of the review discusses the implications of these results for particle physics and cosmology including the origin of neutrino mass the seesaw mechanism and sequential dominance and large extra dimensions and cosmology
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712.1751
Hard particle spectra from parallel shocks due to turbulence transmission
If taken into account, the transmission of the particle-scattering turbulence --in addition to just the particles-- through the shock front can change the effective compression ratio felt by the accelerating particles significantly from the compression of the underlying plasma. This can lead to significantly harder energy spectra than what are traditionally predicted assuming frozen-in turbulence. I consider the applicability and limitations of turbulence transmission scenario in parallel shock waves of different thickness, its consequences in AGN and microquasar environments, and discuss the possible effects to the spectrum of the accelerated particles.
astro-ph
if taken into account the transmission of the particlescattering turbulence in addition to just the particles through the shock front can change the effective compression ratio felt by the accelerating particles significantly from the compression of the underlying plasma this can lead to significantly harder energy spectra than what are traditionally predicted assuming frozenin turbulence i consider the applicability and limitations of turbulence transmission scenario in parallel shock waves of different thickness its consequences in agn and microquasar environments and discuss the possible effects to the spectrum of the accelerated particles
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712.1752
Out of equilibrium phase transitions in mean field Hamiltonian dynamics
Systems with long-range interactions display a short-time relaxation towards Quasi-Stationary States (QSSs), whose lifetime increases with system size. With reference to the Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) model, we here review Lynden-Bell's theory of ``violent relaxation''. The latter results in a maximum entropy scheme for a water-bag initial profile which predicts the presence of out-of-equilibrium phase transitions} separating homogeneous (zero magnetization) from inhomogeneous (non-zero magnetization) QSSs. Two different parametric representations of the initial condition are analyzed and the features of the phase diagram are discussed. In both representations we find a second order and a first order line of phase transitions that merge at a tricritical point. Particular attention is payed to the condition of existence and stability of the homogenous phase.
cond-mat.stat-mech
systems with longrange interactions display a shorttime relaxation towards quasistationary states qsss whose lifetime increases with system size with reference to the hamiltonian mean field hmf model we here review lyndenbells theory of violent relaxation the latter results in a maximum entropy scheme for a waterbag initial profile which predicts the presence of outofequilibrium phase transitions separating homogeneous zero magnetization from inhomogeneous nonzero magnetization qsss two different parametric representations of the initial condition are analyzed and the features of the phase diagram are discussed in both representations we find a second order and a first order line of phase transitions that merge at a tricritical point particular attention is payed to the condition of existence and stability of the homogenous phase
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712.1753
Generalizations of Swierczkowski's lemma and the arity gap of finite functions
Swierczkowski's Lemma - as it is usually formulated - asserts that if f is an at least quaternary operation on a finite set A and every operation obtained from f by identifying a pair of variables is a projection, then f is a semiprojection. We generalize this lemma in various ways. First, it is extended to B-valued functions on A instead of operations on A and to essentially at most unary functions instead of projections. Then we characterize the arity gap of functions of small arities in terms of quasi-arity, which in turn provides a further generalization of Swierczkowski's Lemma. Moreover, we explicitly classify all pseudo-Boolean functions according to their arity gap. Finally, we present a general characterization of the arity gaps of B-valued functions on arbitrary finite sets A.
math.CO
swierczkowskis lemma as it is usually formulated asserts that if f is an at least quaternary operation on a finite set a and every operation obtained from f by identifying a pair of variables is a projection then f is a semiprojection we generalize this lemma in various ways first it is extended to bvalued functions on a instead of operations on a and to essentially at most unary functions instead of projections then we characterize the arity gap of functions of small arities in terms of quasiarity which in turn provides a further generalization of swierczkowskis lemma moreover we explicitly classify all pseudoboolean functions according to their arity gap finally we present a general characterization of the arity gaps of bvalued functions on arbitrary finite sets a
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712.1754
An Upper Bound of the Total Q-Curvature and Its Isoperimetric Deficit for Higher-dimensional Conformal Euclidean Metrics
The aim of this paper is to give not only an explicit upper bound of the total Q-curvature but also an induced isoperimetric deficit formula for the complete conformal metrics on $\mathbb R^n$, $n\ge 3$ with scalar curvature being nonnegative near infinity and Q-curvature being absolutely convergent.
math.DG math.MG
the aim of this paper is to give not only an explicit upper bound of the total qcurvature but also an induced isoperimetric deficit formula for the complete conformal metrics on mathbb rn nge 3 with scalar curvature being nonnegative near infinity and qcurvature being absolutely convergent
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712.1755
Euler-Mahonian Statistics On Ordered Set Partitions (II)
We study statistics on ordered set partitions whose generating functions are related to $p,q$-Stirling numbers of the second kind. The main purpose of this paper is to provide bijective proofs of all the conjectures of \stein (Arxiv:math.CO/0605670). Our basic idea is to encode ordered partitions by a kind of path diagrams and explore the rich combinatorial properties of the latter structure. We also give a partition version of MacMahon's theorem on the equidistribution of the statistics inversion number and major index on words.
math.CO
we study statistics on ordered set partitions whose generating functions are related to pqstirling numbers of the second kind the main purpose of this paper is to provide bijective proofs of all the conjectures of stein arxivmathco0605670 our basic idea is to encode ordered partitions by a kind of path diagrams and explore the rich combinatorial properties of the latter structure we also give a partition version of macmahons theorem on the equidistribution of the statistics inversion number and major index on words
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712.1756
Integrability of Vortex Equations on Riemann Surfaces
The Abelian Higgs model on a compact Riemann surface \Sigma of genus g is considered. We show that for g > 1 the Bogomolny equations for multi-vortices at critical coupling can be obtained as compatibility conditions of two linear equations (Lax pair) which are written down explicitly. These vortices correspond precisely to SO(3)-symmetric Yang-Mills instantons on the (conformal) gravitational instanton \Sigma\times S^2 with a scalar-flat Kahler metric. Thus, the standard methods of constructing solutions and studying their properties by using Lax pairs (twistor approach, dressing method etc.) can be applied to the vortex equations on \Sigma. In the twistor description, solutions of the integrable vortex equations correspond to rank-2 holomorphic vector bundles over the complex 3-dimensional twistor space of \Sigma\times S^2. We show that in the general (nonintegrable) case there is a bijection between the moduli spaces of solutions to vortex equations on \Sigma and of pseudo-holomorphic bundles over the almost complex twistor space.
hep-th
the abelian higgs model on a compact riemann surface sigma of genus g is considered we show that for g 1 the bogomolny equations for multivortices at critical coupling can be obtained as compatibility conditions of two linear equations lax pair which are written down explicitly these vortices correspond precisely to so3symmetric yangmills instantons on the conformal gravitational instanton sigmatimes s2 with a scalarflat kahler metric thus the standard methods of constructing solutions and studying their properties by using lax pairs twistor approach dressing method etc can be applied to the vortex equations on sigma in the twistor description solutions of the integrable vortex equations correspond to rank2 holomorphic vector bundles over the complex 3dimensional twistor space of sigmatimes s2 we show that in the general nonintegrable case there is a bijection between the moduli spaces of solutions to vortex equations on sigma and of pseudoholomorphic bundles over the almost complex twistor space
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712.1757
On the nature of outflows in intermediate-mass protostars: a case study of IRAS 20050+2720
Context. This is the third of a series of papers devoted to study in detail and with high-angular resolution intermediate-mass molecular outflows and their powering sources. Aims. The aim of this paper is to study the intermediate-mass YSO IRAS 20050+2720 and its molecular outflow, and put the results of this and the previous studied sources in the context of intermediate-mass star formation. Methods. We carried out VLA observations of the 7 mm continuum emission, and OVRO observations of the 2.7 mm continuum emission, CO(1-0), C18O(1-0), and HC3N(12-11) to map the core towards IRAS 20050+2720. The high-angular resolution of the observations allowed us to derive the properties of the dust emission, the molecular outflow, and the dense protostellar envelope. By adding this source to the sample of intermediate-mass protostars with outflows, we compare their properties and evolution with those of lower mass counterparts. Results. The 2.7mm continuum emission has been resolved into three sources, labeled OVRO 1, OVRO 2, and OVRO 3. Two of them, OVRO 1 and OVRO 2, have also been detected at 7 mm. OVRO 3, which is located close to the C18O emission peak, could be associated with IRAS 20050+2720. The mass of the sources, estimated from the dust continuum emission, is 6.5 Msun for OVRO 1, 1.8 Msun for OVRO 2, and 1.3 Msun for OVRO 3. The CO(1-0) emission traces two bipolar outflows within the OVRO field of view, a roughly east-west bipolar outflow, labeled A, driven by the intermediate-mass source OVRO 1, and a northeast-southwest bipolar outflow, labeled B, probably powered by a YSO engulfed in the circumstellar envelope surrounding OVRO 1.
astro-ph
context this is the third of a series of papers devoted to study in detail and with highangular resolution intermediatemass molecular outflows and their powering sources aims the aim of this paper is to study the intermediatemass yso iras 200502720 and its molecular outflow and put the results of this and the previous studied sources in the context of intermediatemass star formation methods we carried out vla observations of the 7 mm continuum emission and ovro observations of the 27 mm continuum emission co10 c18o10 and hc3n1211 to map the core towards iras 200502720 the highangular resolution of the observations allowed us to derive the properties of the dust emission the molecular outflow and the dense protostellar envelope by adding this source to the sample of intermediatemass protostars with outflows we compare their properties and evolution with those of lower mass counterparts results the 27mm continuum emission has been resolved into three sources labeled ovro 1 ovro 2 and ovro 3 two of them ovro 1 and ovro 2 have also been detected at 7 mm ovro 3 which is located close to the c18o emission peak could be associated with iras 200502720 the mass of the sources estimated from the dust continuum emission is 65 msun for ovro 1 18 msun for ovro 2 and 13 msun for ovro 3 the co10 emission traces two bipolar outflows within the ovro field of view a roughly eastwest bipolar outflow labeled a driven by the intermediatemass source ovro 1 and a northeastsouthwest bipolar outflow labeled b probably powered by a yso engulfed in the circumstellar envelope surrounding ovro 1
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712.1758
Hidden charm dynamically generated resonances and the $e^+e^-\to J/\psi D \bar D$, $J/\psi D\bar D^*$ reactions
We analyze two recent reactions of Belle, producing $D\bar D$ and $D\bar D^*$ states that have an enhancement of the invariant $D\bar D$, $D\bar D^*$ mass distribution close to threshold, from the point of view that they might be indicative of the existence of a hidden charm scalar and an axial vector meson states below $D\bar D$ or $D\bar D^*$ thresholds, respectively. We conclude that the data is compatible with the existing prediction of a hidden charm scalar meson with mass around 3700 MeV, though other possibilities cannot be discarded. The peak seen in the $D\bar D^*$ spectrum above threshold is, however, unlikely to be due to a threshold enhancement produced by the presence, below threshold, of the hidden charm axial vector meson X(3872).
hep-ph hep-ex
we analyze two recent reactions of belle producing dbar d and dbar d states that have an enhancement of the invariant dbar d dbar d mass distribution close to threshold from the point of view that they might be indicative of the existence of a hidden charm scalar and an axial vector meson states below dbar d or dbar d thresholds respectively we conclude that the data is compatible with the existing prediction of a hidden charm scalar meson with mass around 3700 mev though other possibilities cannot be discarded the peak seen in the dbar d spectrum above threshold is however unlikely to be due to a threshold enhancement produced by the presence below threshold of the hidden charm axial vector meson x3872
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712.1759
A Web-based System for Observing and Analyzing Computer Mediated Communications
Tracking data of user's activities resulting from Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) tools (forum, chat, etc.) is often carried out in an ad-hoc manner, which either confines the reusability of data in different purposes or makes data exploitation difficult. Our research works are biased toward methodological challenges involved in designing and developing a generic system for tracking user's activities while interacting with asynchronous communication tools like discussion forums. We present in this paper, an approach for building a Web-based system for observing and analyzing user activity on any type of discussion forums.
cs.HC
tracking data of users activities resulting from computer mediated communication cmc tools forum chat etc is often carried out in an adhoc manner which either confines the reusability of data in different purposes or makes data exploitation difficult our research works are biased toward methodological challenges involved in designing and developing a generic system for tracking users activities while interacting with asynchronous communication tools like discussion forums we present in this paper an approach for building a webbased system for observing and analyzing user activity on any type of discussion forums
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712.176
Lagrangian Klein bottles in R^{2n}
It is shown that the n-dimensional Klein bottle admits a Lagrangian embedding into R^{2n} if and only if n is odd.
math.SG math.GT
it is shown that the ndimensional klein bottle admits a lagrangian embedding into r2n if and only if n is odd
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712.1761
Effect of inhomogeneous coupling on superconductivity
We investigate the influence of inhomogeneity in the pairing coupling constant $U(\vec r)$ on dirty BCS superconductors, focusing on $T_c$, the order parameter $\Delta(\vec r)$, and the energy gap $E_g(\vec r)$. Within mean-field theory, we find that when the length-scale of the inhomogeneity is comparable to, or larger than the coherence length, the ratio $2E_g/T_c$ is significantly reduced from that of a homogeneous superconductor, while in the opposite limit this ratio stays unmodified. In two dimensions, when strong phase fluctuations are included, the Kosterlitz-Thouless temperature $T_{KT}$ is also studied. We find that when the inhomogeneity length scale is much larger than the coherence length, $2E_g/T_{KT}$ can be larger than the usual BCS value. We use our results to qualitatively explain recent experimental observation of a surprisingly low value of $2E_g/T_c$ in thin films.
cond-mat.supr-con
we investigate the influence of inhomogeneity in the pairing coupling constant uvec r on dirty bcs superconductors focusing on t_c the order parameter deltavec r and the energy gap e_gvec r within meanfield theory we find that when the lengthscale of the inhomogeneity is comparable to or larger than the coherence length the ratio 2e_gt_c is significantly reduced from that of a homogeneous superconductor while in the opposite limit this ratio stays unmodified in two dimensions when strong phase fluctuations are included the kosterlitzthouless temperature t_kt is also studied we find that when the inhomogeneity length scale is much larger than the coherence length 2e_gt_kt can be larger than the usual bcs value we use our results to qualitatively explain recent experimental observation of a surprisingly low value of 2e_gt_c in thin films
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712.1762
Irrationalit\'e aux entiers impairs positifs d'un q-analogue de la fonction zeta de Riemann
In this paper, we focus on a q-analogue of the Riemann zeta function at positive integers, which can be written for s\in\N^* by \zeta_q(s)=\sum_{k\geq 1}q^k\sum_{d|k}d^{s-1}. We give a new lower bound for the dimension of the vector space over \Q spanned, for 1/q\in\Z\setminus\{-1;1\} and an even integer A, by 1,\zeta_q(3),\zeta_q(5),...,\zeta_q(A-1). This improves a recent result of Krattenthaler, Rivoal and Zudilin (\emph{S\'eries hyperg\'eom\'etriques basiques, q-analogues des valeurs de la fonction zeta et s\'eries d'Eisenstein}, J. Inst. Jussieu {\bf 5}.1 (2006), 53-79). In particular, a consequence of our result is that for 1/q\in\Z\setminus\{-1;1\}, at least one of the numbers \zeta_q(3),\zeta_q(5),\zeta_q(7),\zeta_q(9) is irrational.
math.CO math.NT
in this paper we focus on a qanalogue of the riemann zeta function at positive integers which can be written for sinn by zeta_qssum_kgeq 1qksum_dkds1 we give a new lower bound for the dimension of the vector space over q spanned for 1qinzsetminus11 and an even integer a by 1zeta_q3zeta_q5zeta_qa1 this improves a recent result of krattenthaler rivoal and zudilin emphseries hypergeometriques basiques qanalogues des valeurs de la fonction zeta et series deisenstein j inst jussieu bf 51 2006 5379 in particular a consequence of our result is that for 1qinzsetminus11 at least one of the numbers zeta_q3zeta_q5zeta_q7zeta_q9 is irrational
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712.1763
The Sun in Time: Activity and Environment
(abridged) The Sun's magnetic activity has steadily declined during its main-sequence life. While the solar photospheric luminosity was about 30% lower 4.6 Gyr ago when the Sun arrived on the main sequence compared to present-day levels, its faster rotation generated enhanced magnetic activity; magnetic heating processes in the chromosphere, the transition region, and the corona induced ultraviolet, extreme-ultraviolet, and X-ray emission about 10, 100, and 1000 times, respectively, the present-day levels, as inferred from young solar-analog stars. Also, the production rate of accelerated, high-energy particles was orders of magnitude higher than in present-day solar flares, and a much stronger wind escaped from the Sun, permeating the entire solar system. The consequences of the enhanced radiation and particle fluxes from the young Sun were potentially severe for the evolution of solar-system planets and moons. Interactions of high-energy radiation and the solar wind with upper planetary atmospheres may have led to the escape of important amounts of atmospheric constituents. The present dry atmosphere of Venus and the thin atmosphere of Mars may be a product of early irradiation and heating by solar high-energy radiation. High levels of magnetic activity are also inferred for the pre-main sequence Sun. At those stages, interactions of high-energy radiation and particles with the circumsolar disk in which planets eventually formed were important. Traces left in meteorites by energetic particles and anomalous isotopic abundance ratios in meteoritic inclusions may provide evidence for a highly active pre-main sequence Sun. The present article reviews these various issues related to the magnetic activity of the young Sun and the consequent interactions with its environment.
astro-ph
abridged the suns magnetic activity has steadily declined during its mainsequence life while the solar photospheric luminosity was about 30 lower 46 gyr ago when the sun arrived on the main sequence compared to presentday levels its faster rotation generated enhanced magnetic activity magnetic heating processes in the chromosphere the transition region and the corona induced ultraviolet extremeultraviolet and xray emission about 10 100 and 1000 times respectively the presentday levels as inferred from young solaranalog stars also the production rate of accelerated highenergy particles was orders of magnitude higher than in presentday solar flares and a much stronger wind escaped from the sun permeating the entire solar system the consequences of the enhanced radiation and particle fluxes from the young sun were potentially severe for the evolution of solarsystem planets and moons interactions of highenergy radiation and the solar wind with upper planetary atmospheres may have led to the escape of important amounts of atmospheric constituents the present dry atmosphere of venus and the thin atmosphere of mars may be a product of early irradiation and heating by solar highenergy radiation high levels of magnetic activity are also inferred for the premain sequence sun at those stages interactions of highenergy radiation and particles with the circumsolar disk in which planets eventually formed were important traces left in meteorites by energetic particles and anomalous isotopic abundance ratios in meteoritic inclusions may provide evidence for a highly active premain sequence sun the present article reviews these various issues related to the magnetic activity of the young sun and the consequent interactions with its environment
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712.1764
Proper Motions of the LMC and SMC: Reanalysis of Hubble Space Telescope Data
Kallivayalil et al. have used the \textit{Hubble Space Telescope} to measure proper motions of the LMC and SMC using images in 21 and five fields, respectively, all centered on known QSOs. These results are more precise than previous measurements, but have surprising and important physical implications: for example, the LMC and SMC may be approaching the Milky Way for the first time; they might not have been in a binary system; and the origin of the Magellanic Stream needs to be re-examined. Motivated by these implications, we have reanalyzed the original data in order to check the validity of these measurements. Our work has produced a proper motion for the LMC that is in excellent agreement with that of Kallivayalil et al., and for the SMC that is in acceptable agreement. We have detected a dependence between the brightness of stars and their mean measured motion in a majority of the fields in both our reduction and that of Kallivayalil et al. Correcting for this systematic error and for the errors caused by the decreasing charge transfer efficiency of the detector produces better agreement between the measurements from different fields. With our improved reduction, we do not need to exclude any fields from the final averages and, for the first time using proper motions, we are able to detect the rotation of the LMC. The best-fit amplitude of the rotation curve at a radius of 275 arcmin in the disk plane is $120 \pm 15$ km s$^{-1}$. This value is larger than the 60--70 km s$^{-1}$ derived from the radial velocities of HI and carbon stars, but in agreement with the value of 107 km s$^{-1}$ derived from the radial velocities of red supergiants.
astro-ph
kallivayalil et al have used the textithubble space telescope to measure proper motions of the lmc and smc using images in 21 and five fields respectively all centered on known qsos these results are more precise than previous measurements but have surprising and important physical implications for example the lmc and smc may be approaching the milky way for the first time they might not have been in a binary system and the origin of the magellanic stream needs to be reexamined motivated by these implications we have reanalyzed the original data in order to check the validity of these measurements our work has produced a proper motion for the lmc that is in excellent agreement with that of kallivayalil et al and for the smc that is in acceptable agreement we have detected a dependence between the brightness of stars and their mean measured motion in a majority of the fields in both our reduction and that of kallivayalil et al correcting for this systematic error and for the errors caused by the decreasing charge transfer efficiency of the detector produces better agreement between the measurements from different fields with our improved reduction we do not need to exclude any fields from the final averages and for the first time using proper motions we are able to detect the rotation of the lmc the bestfit amplitude of the rotation curve at a radius of 275 arcmin in the disk plane is 120 pm 15 km s1 this value is larger than the 6070 km s1 derived from the radial velocities of hi and carbon stars but in agreement with the value of 107 km s1 derived from the radial velocities of red supergiants
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712.1765
Solving Simple Stochastic Games with Few Random Vertices
Simple stochastic games are two-player zero-sum stochastic games with turn-based moves, perfect information, and reachability winning conditions. We present two new algorithms computing the values of simple stochastic games. Both of them rely on the existence of optimal permutation strategies, a class of positional strategies derived from permutations of the random vertices. The "permutation-enumeration" algorithm performs an exhaustive search among these strategies, while the "permutation-improvement" algorithm is based on successive improvements, \`a la Hoffman-Karp. Our algorithms improve previously known algorithms in several aspects. First they run in polynomial time when the number of random vertices is fixed, so the problem of solving simple stochastic games is fixed-parameter tractable when the parameter is the number of random vertices. Furthermore, our algorithms do not require the input game to be transformed into a stopping game. Finally, the permutation-enumeration algorithm does not use linear programming, while the permutation-improvement algorithm may run in polynomial time.
cs.GT
simple stochastic games are twoplayer zerosum stochastic games with turnbased moves perfect information and reachability winning conditions we present two new algorithms computing the values of simple stochastic games both of them rely on the existence of optimal permutation strategies a class of positional strategies derived from permutations of the random vertices the permutationenumeration algorithm performs an exhaustive search among these strategies while the permutationimprovement algorithm is based on successive improvements a la hoffmankarp our algorithms improve previously known algorithms in several aspects first they run in polynomial time when the number of random vertices is fixed so the problem of solving simple stochastic games is fixedparameter tractable when the parameter is the number of random vertices furthermore our algorithms do not require the input game to be transformed into a stopping game finally the permutationenumeration algorithm does not use linear programming while the permutationimprovement algorithm may run in polynomial time
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712.1766
Sur le centralisateur d'une involution de 2E6(2)
In this paper we prove that $2^{20+1}.U_6(2)$, known as the centralizer of an involution in the group $2E_6(2)$ is a quotient of a Coxeter group. We obtain a presentation of $2^{20+1}.U_6(2)$ as a $Q_{222}$-group, which now resolve a long pending question.
math.GR
in this paper we prove that 2201u_62 known as the centralizer of an involution in the group 2e_62 is a quotient of a coxeter group we obtain a presentation of 2201u_62 as a q_222group which now resolve a long pending question
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712.1767
Quantitative non contact dynamic Casimir force measurements
We show that the Casimir force gradient can be quantitatively measured with no contact involved. Results of the Casimir force measurement with systematic uncertainty of 3% are presented for the distance range of 100-600 nm. The statistical uncertainty is shown to be due to the thermal fluctuations of the force probe. The corresponding signal to noise ratio equals unity at the distance of 600 nm. Direct contact between surfaces used in most previous studies to determine absolute distance separation is here precluded. Use of direct contact to identify the origin of distances is a severe limitation for studies of the Casimir forces on structured surfaces as it deteriorates irreversibly the studied surface and the probe. This force machine uses a dynamical method with an inserted gold sphere probe glued to a lever. The lever is mechanically excited at resonant frequency in front of a chosen sample. The absolute distance determination is achieved to be possible, without any direct probe/sample contact, using an electrostatic method associated to a real time correction of the mechanical drift. The positioning shift uncertainty is as low as 2 nm.
physics.gen-ph
we show that the casimir force gradient can be quantitatively measured with no contact involved results of the casimir force measurement with systematic uncertainty of 3 are presented for the distance range of 100600 nm the statistical uncertainty is shown to be due to the thermal fluctuations of the force probe the corresponding signal to noise ratio equals unity at the distance of 600 nm direct contact between surfaces used in most previous studies to determine absolute distance separation is here precluded use of direct contact to identify the origin of distances is a severe limitation for studies of the casimir forces on structured surfaces as it deteriorates irreversibly the studied surface and the probe this force machine uses a dynamical method with an inserted gold sphere probe glued to a lever the lever is mechanically excited at resonant frequency in front of a chosen sample the absolute distance determination is achieved to be possible without any direct probesample contact using an electrostatic method associated to a real time correction of the mechanical drift the positioning shift uncertainty is as low as 2 nm
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712.1768
Conceptions et usages des plates-formes de formation, Revue Sciences et Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication pour l'\'Education et la Formation
Educative platforms are at the heart of the development of online education. They can not only be reduced to technological aspects. Underlying models impact teaching and learning from the preparing of lessons to the learning sessions. Research related to these platforms are numerous and their stakes are important. For these reasons, we launched a call to a special issue on "Designs and uses of educative platforms" An educative platform is a computer system designed to automate various functions relating to the organization of the course, to the management of their content, to the monitoring of learners and supervision of persons in charge of various formations (Office de la langue fran\c{c}aise, 2005). So educative platforms are Learning Management Systems (LMS) which are specific to education contexts.
cs.HC
educative platforms are at the heart of the development of online education they can not only be reduced to technological aspects underlying models impact teaching and learning from the preparing of lessons to the learning sessions research related to these platforms are numerous and their stakes are important for these reasons we launched a call to a special issue on designs and uses of educative platforms an educative platform is a computer system designed to automate various functions relating to the organization of the course to the management of their content to the monitoring of learners and supervision of persons in charge of various formations office de la langue franccaise 2005 so educative platforms are learning management systems lms which are specific to education contexts
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712.1769
The Schrodinger model for the minimal representation of the indefinite orthogonal group O(p, q)
We introduce the `Fourier transform' F_C on the isotropic cone C associated to an indefinite quadratic form of signature (n_1,n_2) on R^n (n=n_1+n_2: even). This transform is in some sense the unique and natural unitary operator on L^2(C), as is the case with the Euclidean Fourier transform. Inspired by recent developments of algebraic representation theory of reductive groups, we shed new light on classical analysis on the one hand, and give the global formulas for the L^2-model of the minimal representation of the simple Lie group G=O(n_1+1,n_2+1) on the other hand. The transform F_C expands functions on C into joint eigenfunctions of the n commuting, self-adjoint, second order differential operators. We decompose F_C into the singular Radon transform and the Mellin--Barnes integral, find its distribution kernel, and establish the inversion and the Plancherel formula. F_C reduces to the Hankel transform if G is O(n,2) or O(3,3). The unitary operator F_C together with the simple action of the conformal transformation group generates the minimal representation of the indefinite orthogonal group G. Various different models of the same representation have been constructed by Kazhdan, Kostant, Binegar-Zierau, Gross-Wallach, Zhu-Huang, Torasso, Brylinski, and Kobayashi-Orsted, and others. Among them, our model built on L^2(C) generalizes the classic Schrodinger model of the Weil representation. Yet another motif is special functions. Large group symmetries in the minimal representation yield functional equations of various special functions. We find explicit K-finite vectors on L^2(C), and give a new proof of the Plancherel formula for Meijer's G-transforms.
math.RT math-ph math.AP math.MP
we introduce the fourier transform f_c on the isotropic cone c associated to an indefinite quadratic form of signature n_1n_2 on rn nn_1n_2 even this transform is in some sense the unique and natural unitary operator on l2c as is the case with the euclidean fourier transform inspired by recent developments of algebraic representation theory of reductive groups we shed new light on classical analysis on the one hand and give the global formulas for the l2model of the minimal representation of the simple lie group gon_11n_21 on the other hand the transform f_c expands functions on c into joint eigenfunctions of the n commuting selfadjoint second order differential operators we decompose f_c into the singular radon transform and the mellinbarnes integral find its distribution kernel and establish the inversion and the plancherel formula f_c reduces to the hankel transform if g is on2 or o33 the unitary operator f_c together with the simple action of the conformal transformation group generates the minimal representation of the indefinite orthogonal group g various different models of the same representation have been constructed by kazhdan kostant binegarzierau grosswallach zhuhuang torasso brylinski and kobayashiorsted and others among them our model built on l2c generalizes the classic schrodinger model of the weil representation yet another motif is special functions large group symmetries in the minimal representation yield functional equations of various special functions we find explicit kfinite vectors on l2c and give a new proof of the plancherel formula for meijers gtransforms
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712.177
Cosmological horizons and reconstruction of quantum field theories
As a starting point, we state some relevant geometrical properties enjoyed by the cosmological horizon of a certain class of Friedmann-Robertson-Walker backgrounds. Those properties are generalised to a larger class of expanding spacetimes $M$ admitting a geodesically complete cosmological horizon $\scrim$ common to all co-moving observers. This structure is later exploited in order to recast, in a cosmological background, some recent results for a linear scalar quantum field theory in spacetimes asymptotically flat at null infinity. Under suitable hypotheses on $M$, encompassing both the cosmological de Sitter background and a large class of other FRW spacetimes, the algebra of observables for a Klein-Gordon field is mapped into a subalgebra of the algebra of observables $\cW(\scrim)$ constructed on the cosmological horizon. There is exactly one pure quasifree state $\lambda$ on $\cW(\scrim)$ which fulfils a suitable energy-positivity condition with respect to a generator related with the cosmological time displacements. Furthermore $\lambda$ induces a preferred physically meaningful quantum state $\lambda_M$ for the quantum theory in the bulk. If $M$ admits a timelike Killing generator preserving $\scrim$, then the associated self-adjoint generator in the GNS representation of $\lambda_M$ has positive spectrum (i.e. energy). Moreover $\lambda_M$ turns out to be invariant under every symmetry of the bulk metric which preserves the cosmological horizon. In the case of an expanding de Sitter spacetime, $\lambda_M$ coincides with the Euclidean (Bunch-Davies) vacuum state, hence being Hadamard in this case. Remarks on the validity of the Hadamard property for $\lambda_M$ in more general spacetimes are presented.
gr-qc hep-th math-ph math.MP
as a starting point we state some relevant geometrical properties enjoyed by the cosmological horizon of a certain class of friedmannrobertsonwalker backgrounds those properties are generalised to a larger class of expanding spacetimes m admitting a geodesically complete cosmological horizon scrim common to all comoving observers this structure is later exploited in order to recast in a cosmological background some recent results for a linear scalar quantum field theory in spacetimes asymptotically flat at null infinity under suitable hypotheses on m encompassing both the cosmological de sitter background and a large class of other frw spacetimes the algebra of observables for a kleingordon field is mapped into a subalgebra of the algebra of observables cwscrim constructed on the cosmological horizon there is exactly one pure quasifree state lambda on cwscrim which fulfils a suitable energypositivity condition with respect to a generator related with the cosmological time displacements furthermore lambda induces a preferred physically meaningful quantum state lambda_m for the quantum theory in the bulk if m admits a timelike killing generator preserving scrim then the associated selfadjoint generator in the gns representation of lambda_m has positive spectrum ie energy moreover lambda_m turns out to be invariant under every symmetry of the bulk metric which preserves the cosmological horizon in the case of an expanding de sitter spacetime lambda_m coincides with the euclidean bunchdavies vacuum state hence being hadamard in this case remarks on the validity of the hadamard property for lambda_m in more general spacetimes are presented
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712.1771
Deducing the string-breaking distance in strong production processes
We show that the string-breaking distance can be read from meson-production data, by employing a previously derived expression for the production amplitude. Accordingly, we find that the radii of 0.67, 0.34 and 0.20 fm for the creation of non-strange q-qbar pairs obtained in the Resonance-Spectrum-Expansion model, for light-quark, c-cbar, and b-bbar environments, respectively, are in perfect agreement with S-wave di-pion production data, upon employing an ansatz with no additional free parameters.
hep-ph
we show that the stringbreaking distance can be read from mesonproduction data by employing a previously derived expression for the production amplitude accordingly we find that the radii of 067 034 and 020 fm for the creation of nonstrange qqbar pairs obtained in the resonancespectrumexpansion model for lightquark ccbar and bbbar environments respectively are in perfect agreement with swave dipion production data upon employing an ansatz with no additional free parameters
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712.1772
The dynamics of non-linear optical absorption
On traversing materials with absorbing dyes, weak optical beams develop a Beer (exponential) profile, while intense beams develop a spatially initially linear and then finally an exponential profile. This anomalous, deep penetration due to photo-bleaching of surface layers is important for heavy dye-loading and intense beams, for instance in photo-actuation. We address the problem of the evolution in time from initial Beer's Law to deeply penetrating optical profiles in dyes. Our solution of the coupled, non-linear, partial differential equations governing the spatio-temporal decay of the Poynting flux and the non-linear dynamics of the \textit{trans-cis} conversion is applicable to general systems of photo-active molecules under intense irradiation, for instance in biology, in spectroscopy and in opto-mechanical devices.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.other
on traversing materials with absorbing dyes weak optical beams develop a beer exponential profile while intense beams develop a spatially initially linear and then finally an exponential profile this anomalous deep penetration due to photobleaching of surface layers is important for heavy dyeloading and intense beams for instance in photoactuation we address the problem of the evolution in time from initial beers law to deeply penetrating optical profiles in dyes our solution of the coupled nonlinear partial differential equations governing the spatiotemporal decay of the poynting flux and the nonlinear dynamics of the textittranscis conversion is applicable to general systems of photoactive molecules under intense irradiation for instance in biology in spectroscopy and in optomechanical devices
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712.1773
Collective Atomic Recoil Laser as a synchronization transition
We consider here a model previously introduced to describe the collective behavior of an ensemble of cold atoms interacting with a coherent electromagnetic field. The atomic motion along the self-generated spatially-periodic force field can be interpreted as the rotation of a phase oscillator. This suggests a relationship with synchronization transitions occurring in globally coupled rotators. In fact, we show that whenever the field dynamics can be adiabatically eliminated, the model reduces to a self-consistent equation for the probability distribution of the atomic "phases". In this limit, there exists a formal equivalence with the Kuramoto model, though with important differences in the self-consistency conditions. Depending on the field-cavity detuning, we show that the onset of synchronized behavior may occur through either a first- or second-order phase transition. Furthermore, we find a secondary threshold, above which a periodic self-pulsing regime sets in, that is immediately followed by the unlocking of the forward-field frequency. At yet higher, but still experimentally meaningful, input intensities, irregular, chaotic oscillations may eventually appear. Finally, we derive a simpler model, involving only five scalar variables, which is able to reproduce the entire phenomenology exhibited by the original model.
physics.optics physics.gen-ph
we consider here a model previously introduced to describe the collective behavior of an ensemble of cold atoms interacting with a coherent electromagnetic field the atomic motion along the selfgenerated spatiallyperiodic force field can be interpreted as the rotation of a phase oscillator this suggests a relationship with synchronization transitions occurring in globally coupled rotators in fact we show that whenever the field dynamics can be adiabatically eliminated the model reduces to a selfconsistent equation for the probability distribution of the atomic phases in this limit there exists a formal equivalence with the kuramoto model though with important differences in the selfconsistency conditions depending on the fieldcavity detuning we show that the onset of synchronized behavior may occur through either a first or secondorder phase transition furthermore we find a secondary threshold above which a periodic selfpulsing regime sets in that is immediately followed by the unlocking of the forwardfield frequency at yet higher but still experimentally meaningful input intensities irregular chaotic oscillations may eventually appear finally we derive a simpler model involving only five scalar variables which is able to reproduce the entire phenomenology exhibited by the original model
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712.1774
Photon emission by an atom in a lossy cavity
The dynamics of an initially excited two-level atom in a lossy cavity is studied by using the quantum trajectory method. Unwanted losses are included, such as photon absorption and scattering by the cavity mirrors and spontaneous emission of the atom. Based on the obtained analytical solutions, it is shown that the shape of the extracted spatiotemporal radiation mode sensitively depends on the atom-field interaction. In the case of a short-term atom-field interaction we show how different pulse shapes for the field extracted from the cavity can be controlled by the interaction time.
quant-ph
the dynamics of an initially excited twolevel atom in a lossy cavity is studied by using the quantum trajectory method unwanted losses are included such as photon absorption and scattering by the cavity mirrors and spontaneous emission of the atom based on the obtained analytical solutions it is shown that the shape of the extracted spatiotemporal radiation mode sensitively depends on the atomfield interaction in the case of a shortterm atomfield interaction we show how different pulse shapes for the field extracted from the cavity can be controlled by the interaction time
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712.1775
On Computation of Error Locations and Values in Hermitian Codes
We obtain a technique to reduce the computational complexity associated with decoding of Hermitian codes. In particular, we propose a method to compute the error locations and values using an uni-variate error locator and an uni-variate error evaluator polynomial. To achieve this, we introduce the notion of Semi-Erasure Decoding of Hermitian codes and prove that decoding of Hermitian codes can always be performed using semi-erasure decoding. The central results are: * Searching for error locations require evaluating an univariate error locator polynomial over $q^2$ points as in Chien search for Reed-Solomon codes. * Forney's formula for error value computation in Reed-Solomon codes can directly be applied to compute the error values in Hermitian codes. The approach develops from the idea that transmitting a modified form of the information may be more efficient that the information itself.
cs.IT math.IT
we obtain a technique to reduce the computational complexity associated with decoding of hermitian codes in particular we propose a method to compute the error locations and values using an univariate error locator and an univariate error evaluator polynomial to achieve this we introduce the notion of semierasure decoding of hermitian codes and prove that decoding of hermitian codes can always be performed using semierasure decoding the central results are searching for error locations require evaluating an univariate error locator polynomial over q2 points as in chien search for reedsolomon codes forneys formula for error value computation in reedsolomon codes can directly be applied to compute the error values in hermitian codes the approach develops from the idea that transmitting a modified form of the information may be more efficient that the information itself
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712.1776
Reflection-Free One-Way Edge Modes in a Gyromagnetic Photonic Crystal
We point out that electromagnetic one-way edge modes analogous to quantum Hall edge states, originally predicted by Raghu and Haldane in 2D gyroelectric photonic crystals possessing Dirac point-derived bandgaps, can appear in more general settings. In particular, we show that the TM modes in a gyromagnetic photonic crystal can be formally mapped to electronic wavefunctions in a periodic electromagnetic field, so that the only requirement for the existence of one-way edge modes is that the Chern number for all bands below a gap is non-zero. In a square-lattice gyromagnetic Yttrium-Iron-Garnet photonic crystal operating at microwave frequencies, which lacks Dirac points, time-reversal breaking is strong enough that the effect should be easily observable. For realistic material parameters, the edge modes occupy a 10% band gap. Numerical simulations of a one-way waveguide incorporating this crystal show 100% transmission across strong defects, such as perfect conductors several lattice constants wide, larger than the width of the waveguide.
physics.optics cond-mat.mes-hall
we point out that electromagnetic oneway edge modes analogous to quantum hall edge states originally predicted by raghu and haldane in 2d gyroelectric photonic crystals possessing dirac pointderived bandgaps can appear in more general settings in particular we show that the tm modes in a gyromagnetic photonic crystal can be formally mapped to electronic wavefunctions in a periodic electromagnetic field so that the only requirement for the existence of oneway edge modes is that the chern number for all bands below a gap is nonzero in a squarelattice gyromagnetic yttriumirongarnet photonic crystal operating at microwave frequencies which lacks dirac points timereversal breaking is strong enough that the effect should be easily observable for realistic material parameters the edge modes occupy a 10 band gap numerical simulations of a oneway waveguide incorporating this crystal show 100 transmission across strong defects such as perfect conductors several lattice constants wide larger than the width of the waveguide
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712.1777
Finite Sections of Weighted Hardy's Inequality
We study finite sections of weighted Hardy's inequality following the approach of De Bruijn. Similar to the unweighted case, we obtain an asymptotic expression for the optimal constant.
math.CA
we study finite sections of weighted hardys inequality following the approach of de bruijn similar to the unweighted case we obtain an asymptotic expression for the optimal constant
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712.1778
Isospin and isospin/strangeness correlations in relativistic heavy ion collisions
A fundamental symmetry of nuclear and particle physics is isospin whose third component is the Gell-Mann/Nishijima expression I(z)=Q-(B+S)/2 . The role of isospin symmetry in relativistic heavy ion collisions is studied. An isospin I(z), strangeness S correlation is shown to be a direct and simple measure of flavor correlations, vanishing in a Qg phase of uncorrelated flavors in both symmetric N=Z and asymmetric N not equal to Z systems. By contrast, in a hadron phase, a I(z)/S correlation exists as long as the electrostatic charge chemical potential mu(Q)does not equal 0 as in N not equal to Z asymmetric systems. A parallel is drawn with a Zeeman effect which breaks a spin degeneracy
nucl-th
a fundamental symmetry of nuclear and particle physics is isospin whose third component is the gellmannnishijima expression izqbs2 the role of isospin symmetry in relativistic heavy ion collisions is studied an isospin iz strangeness s correlation is shown to be a direct and simple measure of flavor correlations vanishing in a qg phase of uncorrelated flavors in both symmetric nz and asymmetric n not equal to z systems by contrast in a hadron phase a izs correlation exists as long as the electrostatic charge chemical potential muqdoes not equal 0 as in n not equal to z asymmetric systems a parallel is drawn with a zeeman effect which breaks a spin degeneracy
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