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Halodule spring 210 0.00 - 5.00 0.52 ± 0.86 |
fall 210 0.00 - 5.00 0.63 ± 1.02 22482.5 0.710 |
Halophila sp. spring 210 0.00 - 2.50 0.02 ± 0.19 |
fall 210 0.00 - 3.00 0.10 ± 0.44 23141.5 0.056 |
Syringodium spring 210 0.00 - 5.00 1.36 ± 1.41 |
fall 210 0.00 - 5.00 1.37 ± 1.49 21996.5 0.965 |
Thalassia spring 210 0.00 - 5.00 0.68 ± 1.09 |
fall 210 0.00 - 5.00 0.59 ± 1.00 21999 0.965 |
Red Algae spring 210 0.00 - 3.98 0.83 ± 0.81 |
fall 210 0.00 - 3.00 0.21 ± 0.44 8781.5 0.000 |
Green Algae spring 210 0.00 - 1.50 0.10 ± 0.26 |
fall 210 0.00 - 2.67 0.21 ± 0.43 26497 0.000 |
Brown Algae spring 210 0.00 - 1.67 0.06 ± 0.22 |
fall 210 0.00 - 0.75 0.03 ± 0.11 21671 0.571 |
Calcareous Algae spring 210 0.00 - 2.83 0.22 ± 0.40 |
fall 210 0.00 - 2.50 0.38 ± 0.51 25708.5 0.002 |
36 |
Figure 6A. |
Figure 6B. |
37 |
Figure 6C. |
Figures 6A-C. Mean seasonal seagrass species cover-densities; A) Syringodium, B) |
Thalassia, C) Halodule, measured in the Port of Miami basin across the 2005-2011 |
sampling period with 95% CI error bars. |
Figure 7. The annual mean average seagrass canopy height measured in the Port of |
Miami basin across the 2005-2011 sampling period with 95% CI error bars. |
38 |
Kruskal Wallis H-tests showed no significant variations in seagrass coverdensities between the seven sampling years, (p > 0.05); however, there was significant |
annual effect on canopy height for Syringodium, Halodule, and the average canopy height |
(Table 6). Thalassia canopy height tended to fluctuate over the years, F6 = 11.717, p = |
0.069 (Figure 9). Since Halophila sp. canopy heights were measured at only 6% of the |
sample sites and they are relatively short grasses, no further analysis was done for this |
group. No major change was documented in seagrass cover-density (Figure 8), but |
canopy height did show some significant variations between collection years (Figure 9 |
and Figure 10). Algae cover-densities showed an annual effect for calcareous (F6 = |
17.925, p = 0.006) and brown algae groups (F6 = 27.992, p < 0.000), but not in red or |
green algae (Table 6). Significant changes between years for brown algae can be |
attributed to the low occurrence of species within the group (Figure 11). |
Table 6. Kruskal Wallis test of differences in seagrass canopy height (cm) and vegetation |
cover-densities (#/m2 |
) among years (2005-2011). |
Vegetation Canopy Height and Cover-Density Measurements |
among Collection Years (1-7) Kruskal-Wallis |
Measure N range mean +/- SD F df Sig. |
Canopy Height |
Average Seagrass 383 1-101.2 29.96 ± 16.97 15.623 6 0.016 |
Halodule 196 4-44 16.59 ± 8.2 12.984 6 0.043 |
Halophila sp. 25 1-7 3.57 ± 2.12 3.285 6 0.772 |
Syringodium 275 7-101.2 38.55 ± 16.29 17.167 6 0.009 |
Thalassia 203 3-61.2 27.6 ± 11.3 11.717 6 0.069 |
Cover-Density |
Halodule 420 0-5 0.58 ± 0.94 4.078 6 0.666 |
Halophila sp. 420 0-4.5 0.07 ± 0.41 7.216 6 0.301 |
Syringodium 420 0-5 1.37 ± 1.45 4.800 6 0.570 |
Thalassia 420 0-5 0.63 ± 1.05 9.841 6 0.131 |
Red Algae 420 0-3.98 0.52 ± 0.72 6.397 6 0.380 |
Green Algae 420 0-2.67 0.16 ± 0.36 9.802 6 0.133 |
Brown Algae 420 0-1.67 0.04 ± 0.17 27.992 6 0.000 |
Calcareous Algae 420 0-2.83 0.30 ± 0.46 17.925 6 0.006 |
39 |
Figure 8. Mean annual seagrass species cover-densities (Syringodium, Thalassia, |
Halodule, and Halophila sp.) measured in the Port of Miami basin across the 2005-2011 |
sampling period with 95% CI error bars. |
Figure 9. Mean annual seagrass species canopy heights (Syringodium, Thalassia, and |
Halodule) measured in the Port of Miami basin across the 2005-2011 sampling period |
with 95% CI error bars. |
40 |
Figure 10. The annual mean average seagrass canopy height measured in the Port of |
Miami basin across the 2005-2011 sampling period with 95% CI error bars. |
Figure 11. Mean annual algae group cover-densities (#/m2 |
) (red, calcareous, green, and |
brown) measured in the Port of Miami basin across the 2005-2011 sampling period with |
95% CI error bars. |
41 |
The seagrass community varied across the POM basin (see Figure 3). Results |
from the Kruskal Wallis H-tests showed spatial effects on the average seagrass canopy |
height, all seagrass cover-densities, and on green and calcareous algae cover-densities, p |
< 0.05 (Table 7). Red and brown algae cover-densities showed no significant variation |
between the thirty sample sites within the POM basin at p > 0.05. Seagrass distribution |
within the POM basin can be attributed to habitat differences due to location within the |
basin (Table 15, Appendix 3). Sample sites located in the shallow, protected areas yielded |
the tallest average canopy heights and the highest seagrass cover-densities. Locations |
within channels had some of the shorter average canopy heights and the lowest seagrass |
cover-densities (Table 8, Appendix 4 and Appendix 5). |
Table 7. Kruskal Wallis test on average seagrass canopy height (cm) and vegetation |
cover-densities (#/m2 |
) between collection sites (1-30) within the Port of Miami basin. |
Vegetation Cover-Density Measurements between |
Collection Sites (1-30) Kruskal-Wallis |
Measure N range mean +/- SD F df Sig. |
Canopy Height |
Average Seagrass 383 1-101.2 29.96 ± 16.97 140.925 29 0.000 |
Cover-Density |
Halodule 420 0-5 0.58 ± 0.94 71.182 29 0.000 |
Halophila sp. 420 0-4.5 0.07 ± 0.41 56.575 29 0.002 |
Syringodium 420 0-5 1.37 ± 1.45 144.831 29 0.000 |
Thalassia 420 0-5 0.63 ± 1.05 113.669 29 0.000 |
Red Algae 420 0-3.98 0.52 ± 0.72 23.898 29 0.734 |
Green Algae 420 0-2.67 0.16 ± 0.36 66.363 29 0.000 |
Brown Algae 420 0-1.67 0.04 ± 0.17 27.799 29 0.529 |
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