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Calcareous Algae 420 0-2.83 0.30 ± 0.46 109.407 29 0.000 |
42 |
Table 8. Seagrass cover-densities (#/m2 |
) mean, standard deviation, minimum and |
maximum by site (1-30) and location type within the Port of Miami basin (refer to Figure |
3). |
Seagrass CoverDensity Site Location Mean |
Std. |
Deviation N Hi/Low |
Syringodium 17 East Coast Grass patch 3.32 0.85 14 max |
5 |
Channel in center of |
basin 0.10 0.36 14 min |
25 South of Port Islands 0.10 0.23 14 min |
Thalassia 7 |
Virginia Key Protected |
Area Grass patch 3.13 1.85 14 max |
29 South of Port Islands 0.02 0.09 14 min |
Halodule 15 |
Virginia Key Protected |
Area Grass patch 1.83 1.79 14 max |
19 |
Channel in center of |
basin 0.00 0.00 14 min |
3.2 Environmental and Physical Conditions in Port of Miami, 2005-2011 |
Water depth, sediment depth, turbidity, surface and bottom temperature and |
salinity measurements were taken at each site within the POM basin. Observed water |
depths ranged from 44 cm to 605 cm over the basin, averaging 213.14 ± 79 cm (Figure |
12C). Sediment texture was measured at 2147 of the 2159 quads sampled and 89.8% of |
the quadrats contained a combination of mud and/or sand substrate. The sediment depth |
averaged about 130.28 ± 84.1 cm and ranging from 4 cm to over 300 cm in the basin |
(Figure 12D). Turbidities were generally low over all fourteen collections, averaging |
2.58 ± 1.76 NTU (Figure 12E). |
Average water column values could not be used for salinity because an |
independent samples t-test determined there was a significant difference between the |
surface and bottom measurements (t(420) = -2.815, p < 0.001). Temperature |
measurements did not show a significant difference within the water column (t(420) = - |
0.368, p = 0.923), but due to the relationship between temperature and salinity, both |
surface and bottom measurements were used instead of the averages for temperature and |
salinity. Surface salinity was lower overall and ranged between 12.60 and 39.10‰ |
(33.07 ± 3.46‰), while bottom salinity ranged between 25.60 and 38.40‰ (33.65 ± |
2.53‰) (Figure 12B). Surface temperature was slightly lower overall and ranged |
43 |
between 20.80 and 32.50 °C (27.41 ± 2.64 °C), while bottom temperature ranged between |
21.90 and 32.50 °C (27.48 ± 2.86 °C) (Figure 12A). Salinity and Temperature patterns |
were typical of South Florida inshore water (see Appendix 3). |
The combined General Linear Model for annual and seasonal effect (year*season) |
on environmental and physical measurements indicated variables such as water depth, |
turbidity, salinity, and temperature are significantly different over time, but not sediment |
depth (see Table 9). A significant seasonal effect was seen with water depth, salinity, |
temperature, and turbidity (p < 0.05) (see Table 9 and Figures 13A-E). The fall (wet) |
season measured higher water depths (Figure 13C) and temperatures (Figure 13A), while |
the spring season had higher salinity measurements (Figure 13B). Differences in water |
depth between seasons can be attributed to tide level and proximity to the deeper |
channels within the basin. In both the spring and fall collections, bottom salinity was |
greater than surface salinity (Figure 13B). |
There was a significant annual effect on all environmental and physical variables |
over the sample period (p < 0.01) (see Table 9). Annual differences were revealed |
through the Tukey post-hoc tests (see Figures 12A-E). Between sample years 2006 and |
2007, the most significant differences in salinity were measured (Figure 12B). 2006 |
measured the lowest and 2007 the highest salinities over the study period. The most |
significant changes in temperature were observed between 2009 and 2011, with 2010 |
measuring the lowest and 2011 measuring the highest temperatures over the study period |
(Figure 12A). The water depth and sediment depth measurements varied between most |
sample years. The most significant variation in water depths were measured between |
2007 and 2008 (Figure 12C). Sediment depth measurements differed most significantly |
between the 2007-2008 and 2010-2011 sampling years (Figure 12D). From 2008 to 2009 |
the most significant decrease in turbidity was measured (Figure 12E). |
44 |
Table 9. Summary of a General Linear Model of FIAN environmental and physical variables by |
Year*Season. Temperature (°C), salinity (‰), turbidity (NTU), sediment depth (cm), and water |
depth (cm). |
General Linear Model - Tests of Between-Subjects Effects - Year * Season |
Source |
Type III |
Sum of |
Squares df |
Mean |
Square F Sig. |
Partial |
Eta |
Squared |
Noncent. |
Parameter |
Observed |
Powerh |
Year Water Depth 120399.965 6 20066.661 3.460 .002 .049 20.759 .945 |
Sediment Depth 298846.221 6 49807.704 7.766 .000 .103 46.597 1.000 |
Turbidity 411.790 6 68.632 35.600 .000 .346 213.603 1.000 |
Surface Temperature 532.337 6 88.723 149.625 .000 .690 897.748 1.000 |
Bottom Temperature 500.542 6 83.424 300.604 .000 .817 1803.622 1.000 |
Surface Salinity 425.324 6 70.887 12.342 .000 .155 74.055 1.000 |
Bottom Salinity 253.374 6 42.229 15.073 .000 .183 90.436 1.000 |
Season Water Depth 43886.735 1 43886.735 7.567 .006 .018 7.567 .784 |
Sediment Depth 8557.452 1 8557.452 1.334 .249 .003 1.334 .211 |
Turbidity 9.016 1 9.016 4.677 .031 .011 4.677 .578 |
Surface Temperature 1708.849 1 1708.849 2881.850 .000 .877 2881.850 1.000 |
Bottom Temperature 1891.629 1 1891.629 6816.169 .000 .944 6816.169 1.000 |
Surface Salinity 1566.779 1 1566.779 272.798 .000 .403 272.798 1.000 |
Bottom Salinity 936.840 1 936.840 334.384 .000 .453 334.384 1.000 |
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