id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 78
values | context stringclasses 312
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56e0e9887aa994140058e7ab | Space_Race | On October 21, 1959, Eisenhower approved the transfer of the Army's remaining space-related activities to NASA. On July 1, 1960, the Redstone Arsenal became NASA's George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, with von Braun as its first director. Development of the Saturn rocket family, which when mature, would finally give... | The Redstone Arsenal became the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center when? | {
"text": [
"July 1, 1960"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} | [
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56e0e9887aa994140058e7ac | Space_Race | On October 21, 1959, Eisenhower approved the transfer of the Army's remaining space-related activities to NASA. On July 1, 1960, the Redstone Arsenal became NASA's George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, with von Braun as its first director. Development of the Saturn rocket family, which when mature, would finally give... | Who was the first director in charge of the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center? | {
"text": [
"von Braun"
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209
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56e0ea497aa994140058e7af | Space_Race | In 1958, Korolev upgraded the R-7 to be able to launch a 400-kilogram (880 lb) payload to the Moon. Three secret 1958 attempts to launch Luna E-1-class impactor probes failed. The fourth attempt, Luna 1, launched successfully on January 2, 1959, but missed the Moon. The fifth attempt on June 18 also failed at launch. T... | How many attempts to the Moon did Luna E-1-class probes fail before successfully launching? | {
"text": [
"4"
],
"answer_start": [
57
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56e0ea497aa994140058e7b0 | Space_Race | In 1958, Korolev upgraded the R-7 to be able to launch a 400-kilogram (880 lb) payload to the Moon. Three secret 1958 attempts to launch Luna E-1-class impactor probes failed. The fourth attempt, Luna 1, launched successfully on January 2, 1959, but missed the Moon. The fifth attempt on June 18 also failed at launch. T... | The first probe to land on the Moon was in what year? | {
"text": [
"1959"
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56e0ea497aa994140058e7b2 | Space_Race | In 1958, Korolev upgraded the R-7 to be able to launch a 400-kilogram (880 lb) payload to the Moon. Three secret 1958 attempts to launch Luna E-1-class impactor probes failed. The fourth attempt, Luna 1, launched successfully on January 2, 1959, but missed the Moon. The fifth attempt on June 18 also failed at launch. T... | Which Luna probe successfully photographed the back side of the Moon? | {
"text": [
"Luna 3"
],
"answer_start": [
434
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} | [
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56e0eb947aa994140058e7c3 | Space_Race | By 1959, American observers believed that the Soviet Union would be the first to get a human into space, because of the time needed to prepare for Mercury's first launch. On April 12, 1961, the USSR surprised the world again by launching Yuri Gagarin into a single orbit around the Earth in a craft they called Vostok 1.... | Which country succesfully launched the first person into space in 1961? | {
"text": [
"the USSR"
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190
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56e0eb947aa994140058e7c4 | Space_Race | By 1959, American observers believed that the Soviet Union would be the first to get a human into space, because of the time needed to prepare for Mercury's first launch. On April 12, 1961, the USSR surprised the world again by launching Yuri Gagarin into a single orbit around the Earth in a craft they called Vostok 1.... | The first ship to carry a human through space was called what? | {
"text": [
"Vostok 1"
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56e0eb947aa994140058e7c5 | Space_Race | By 1959, American observers believed that the Soviet Union would be the first to get a human into space, because of the time needed to prepare for Mercury's first launch. On April 12, 1961, the USSR surprised the world again by launching Yuri Gagarin into a single orbit around the Earth in a craft they called Vostok 1.... | How long did Yuri Gagarin orbit the earth in the spacecraft? | {
"text": [
"108 minutes"
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56e0ebdb231d4119001ac44a | Space_Race | Gagarin became a national hero of the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc, and a worldwide celebrity. Moscow and other cities in the USSR held mass demonstrations, the scale of which was second only to the World War II Victory Parade of 1945. April 12 was declared Cosmonautics Day in the USSR, and is celebrated today in ... | April 12, in the USSR, is what special day? | {
"text": [
"Cosmonautics Day"
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56e0ebdb231d4119001ac44b | Space_Race | Gagarin became a national hero of the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc, and a worldwide celebrity. Moscow and other cities in the USSR held mass demonstrations, the scale of which was second only to the World War II Victory Parade of 1945. April 12 was declared Cosmonautics Day in the USSR, and is celebrated today in ... | What year was established as the International Day of Human Space Flight by the United Nations? | {
"text": [
"2011"
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"answer_start": [
386
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56e0f1b27aa994140058e7e5 | Space_Race | The US Air Force had been developing a program to launch the first man in space, named Man in Space Soonest. This program studied several different types of one-man space vehicles, settling on a ballistic re-entry capsule launched on a derivative Atlas missile, and selecting a group of nine candidate pilots. After NASA... | Man in Space Soonest was a program by which organization? | {
"text": [
"US Air Force"
],
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4
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56e0f1b27aa994140058e7e6 | Space_Race | The US Air Force had been developing a program to launch the first man in space, named Man in Space Soonest. This program studied several different types of one-man space vehicles, settling on a ballistic re-entry capsule launched on a derivative Atlas missile, and selecting a group of nine candidate pilots. After NASA... | Man in Space Soonest was reestablished as what in November 26, 1958? | {
"text": [
"Project Mercury"
],
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401
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56e0f229231d4119001ac4b2 | Space_Race | Three weeks later, on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space, launched in a ballistic trajectory on Mercury-Redstone 3, in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7. Though he did not achieve orbit like Gagarin, he was the first person to exercise manual control over his spacecraft's attitude and retro-rock... | The first American to travel into space was whom? | {
"text": [
"Alan Shepard"
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35
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56e0f229231d4119001ac4b3 | Space_Race | Three weeks later, on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space, launched in a ballistic trajectory on Mercury-Redstone 3, in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7. Though he did not achieve orbit like Gagarin, he was the first person to exercise manual control over his spacecraft's attitude and retro-rock... | When did Alan Shepard first arrive in space? | {
"text": [
"May 5, 1961"
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56e0f229231d4119001ac4b4 | Space_Race | Three weeks later, on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space, launched in a ballistic trajectory on Mercury-Redstone 3, in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7. Though he did not achieve orbit like Gagarin, he was the first person to exercise manual control over his spacecraft's attitude and retro-rock... | The spaceship that carried Alan Shepard was named what? | {
"text": [
"Freedom 7"
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167
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56e0f229231d4119001ac4b5 | Space_Race | Three weeks later, on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space, launched in a ballistic trajectory on Mercury-Redstone 3, in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7. Though he did not achieve orbit like Gagarin, he was the first person to exercise manual control over his spacecraft's attitude and retro-rock... | The first person to have control over driving their spacecraft was whom? | {
"text": [
"Alan Shepard"
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35
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56e0f229231d4119001ac4b6 | Space_Race | Three weeks later, on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space, launched in a ballistic trajectory on Mercury-Redstone 3, in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7. Though he did not achieve orbit like Gagarin, he was the first person to exercise manual control over his spacecraft's attitude and retro-rock... | Which president awarded Alan Shepard the NASA Distinguished Service Medal? | {
"text": [
"John F. Kennedy"
],
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56e0f281231d4119001ac4bc | Space_Race | Gagarin's flight changed this; now Kennedy sensed the humiliation and fear on the part of the American public over the Soviet lead. He sent a memo dated April 20, 1961, to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, asking him to look into the state of America's space program, and into programs that could offer NASA the opportun... | President Kennedy sent a letter on April 20, 1961 to who about the US's space program? | {
"text": [
"Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson"
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172
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56e0f2ae231d4119001ac4be | Space_Race | Kennedy ultimately decided to pursue what became the Apollo program, and on May 25 took the opportunity to ask for Congressional support in a Cold War speech titled "Special Message on Urgent National Needs". Full text | The speech by Kennedy, "Special Message on Urgent National Needs" was delivered on what date? | {
"text": [
"May 25"
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76
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56e0f3a5231d4119001ac4d2 | Space_Race | He justified the program in terms of its importance to national security, and its focus of the nation's energies on other scientific and social fields. He rallied popular support for the program in his "We choose to go to the Moon" speech, on September 12, 1962, before a large crowd at Rice University Stadium, in Houst... | "We choose to go to the Moon" speech was given at what location in Texas? | {
"text": [
"Rice University Stadium"
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56e0f4db7aa994140058e811 | Space_Race | American Virgil "Gus" Grissom repeated Shepard's suborbital flight in Liberty Bell 7 on July 21, 1961. Almost a year after the Soviet Union put a human into orbit, astronaut John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth, on February 20, 1962. His Mercury-Atlas 6 mission completed three orbits in the Friendshi... | The first American to orbit around the planet was whom? | {
"text": [
"John Glenn"
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174
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56e0f4db7aa994140058e812 | Space_Race | American Virgil "Gus" Grissom repeated Shepard's suborbital flight in Liberty Bell 7 on July 21, 1961. Almost a year after the Soviet Union put a human into orbit, astronaut John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth, on February 20, 1962. His Mercury-Atlas 6 mission completed three orbits in the Friendshi... | When did John Glenn orbit the Earth? | {
"text": [
"February 20, 1962"
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56e0f4db7aa994140058e813 | Space_Race | American Virgil "Gus" Grissom repeated Shepard's suborbital flight in Liberty Bell 7 on July 21, 1961. Almost a year after the Soviet Union put a human into orbit, astronaut John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth, on February 20, 1962. His Mercury-Atlas 6 mission completed three orbits in the Friendshi... | Where did John Glenn land on Earth after coming back from orbit? | {
"text": [
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56e0f4db7aa994140058e815 | Space_Race | American Virgil "Gus" Grissom repeated Shepard's suborbital flight in Liberty Bell 7 on July 21, 1961. Almost a year after the Soviet Union put a human into orbit, astronaut John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth, on February 20, 1962. His Mercury-Atlas 6 mission completed three orbits in the Friendshi... | John Glenn's spaceship was named what when he orbited the Earth? | {
"text": [
"Friendship 7"
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311
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56e0f5587aa994140058e81b | Space_Race | The United States launched three more Mercury flights after Glenn's: Aurora 7 on May 24, 1962 duplicated Glenn's three orbits; Sigma 7 on October 3, 1962, six orbits; and Faith 7 on May 15, 1963, 22 orbits (32.4 hours), the maximum capability of the spacecraft. NASA at first intended to launch one more mission, extendi... | How many more Mercury missions were there after John Glenn's? | {
"text": [
"3"
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146
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} | [
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56e0f6177aa994140058e829 | Space_Race | Gherman Titov became the first Soviet cosmonaut to exercise manual control of his Vostok 2 craft on August 6, 1961. The Soviet Union demonstrated 24-hour launch pad turnaround and the capability to launch two piloted spacecraft, Vostok 3 and Vostok 4, in essentially identical orbits, on August 11 and 12, 1962. The two ... | What first person from the USSR controlled their own spacecraft? | {
"text": [
"Gherman Titov"
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0
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} | [
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56e0f6177aa994140058e82a | Space_Race | Gherman Titov became the first Soviet cosmonaut to exercise manual control of his Vostok 2 craft on August 6, 1961. The Soviet Union demonstrated 24-hour launch pad turnaround and the capability to launch two piloted spacecraft, Vostok 3 and Vostok 4, in essentially identical orbits, on August 11 and 12, 1962. The two ... | Gherman Titov from the USSR drove his own spacecraft on what date? | {
"text": [
"August 6, 1961"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} | [
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56e0f6177aa994140058e82c | Space_Race | Gherman Titov became the first Soviet cosmonaut to exercise manual control of his Vostok 2 craft on August 6, 1961. The Soviet Union demonstrated 24-hour launch pad turnaround and the capability to launch two piloted spacecraft, Vostok 3 and Vostok 4, in essentially identical orbits, on August 11 and 12, 1962. The two ... | Radio communication was possible between which two spacecrafts in August 11 and 12, 1962? | {
"text": [
"Vostok 3 and Vostok 4"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} | [
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56e0f68f7aa994140058e833 | Space_Race | The Soviet Union duplicated its dual-launch feat with Vostok 5 and Vostok 6 (June 16, 1963). This time they launched the first woman (also the first civilian), Valentina Tereshkova, into space on Vostok 6. Launching a woman was reportedly Korolev's idea, and it was accomplished purely for propaganda value. Tereshkova w... | The first woman that went into space was whom? | {
"text": [
"Valentina Tereshkova"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} | [
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56e0f68f7aa994140058e834 | Space_Race | The Soviet Union duplicated its dual-launch feat with Vostok 5 and Vostok 6 (June 16, 1963). This time they launched the first woman (also the first civilian), Valentina Tereshkova, into space on Vostok 6. Launching a woman was reportedly Korolev's idea, and it was accomplished purely for propaganda value. Tereshkova w... | What spacecraft carried Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space? | {
"text": [
"Vostok 6"
],
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67
]
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56e0f68f7aa994140058e836 | Space_Race | The Soviet Union duplicated its dual-launch feat with Vostok 5 and Vostok 6 (June 16, 1963). This time they launched the first woman (also the first civilian), Valentina Tereshkova, into space on Vostok 6. Launching a woman was reportedly Korolev's idea, and it was accomplished purely for propaganda value. Tereshkova w... | The first woman to launch into space was on what date? | {
"text": [
"June 16, 1963"
],
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77
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56e0f68f7aa994140058e837 | Space_Race | The Soviet Union duplicated its dual-launch feat with Vostok 5 and Vostok 6 (June 16, 1963). This time they launched the first woman (also the first civilian), Valentina Tereshkova, into space on Vostok 6. Launching a woman was reportedly Korolev's idea, and it was accomplished purely for propaganda value. Tereshkova w... | The first woman to go into space was from which country? | {
"text": [
"The USSR"
],
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436
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} | [
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56e0f6c27aa994140058e83d | Space_Race | The Soviets kept the details and true appearance of the Vostok capsule secret until the April 1965 Moscow Economic Exhibition, where it was first displayed without its aerodynamic nose cone concealing the spherical capsule. The "Vostok spaceship" had been first displayed at the July 1961 Tushino air show, mounted on it... | At what event was the Vostok spaceship first displayed to the public ? | {
"text": [
"July 1961 Tushino air show"
],
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279
]
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56e0f7ab7aa994140058e841 | Space_Race | As President, Johnson steadfastly pursued the Gemini and Apollo programs, promoting them as Kennedy's legacy to the American public. One week after Kennedy's death, he issued an executive order renaming the Cape Canaveral and Apollo launch facilities after Kennedy. | What two locations in Florida were renamed after Kennedy by President Johnson? | {
"text": [
"Cape Canaveral and Apollo launch facilities"
],
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207
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56e0f7ab7aa994140058e842 | Space_Race | As President, Johnson steadfastly pursued the Gemini and Apollo programs, promoting them as Kennedy's legacy to the American public. One week after Kennedy's death, he issued an executive order renaming the Cape Canaveral and Apollo launch facilities after Kennedy. | Which two space programs were heavily worked on by President Johnson? | {
"text": [
"Gemini and Apollo"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} | [
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56e0f816231d4119001ac510 | Space_Race | Focused by the commitment to a Moon landing, in January 1962 the US announced Project Gemini, a two-man spacecraft that would support the later three-man Apollo by developing the key spaceflight technologies of space rendezvous and docking of two craft, flight durations of sufficient length to simulate going to the Moo... | What year was the Gemini project confirmed? | {
"text": [
"1962"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
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-... |
56e0f816231d4119001ac511 | Space_Race | Focused by the commitment to a Moon landing, in January 1962 the US announced Project Gemini, a two-man spacecraft that would support the later three-man Apollo by developing the key spaceflight technologies of space rendezvous and docking of two craft, flight durations of sufficient length to simulate going to the Moo... | How many people could the Gemini project carry? | {
"text": [
"2"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
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56e0f975231d4119001ac516 | Space_Race | The greater advances of the Soviet space program at the time allowed their space program to achieve other significant firsts, including the first EVA "spacewalk" and the first mission performed by a crew in shirt-sleeves. Gemini took a year longer than planned to accomplish its first flight, allowing the Soviets to ach... | On what date was the first successful three man astronaut crew? | {
"text": [
"October 12, 1964"
],
"answer_start": [
363
]
} | [
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56e0f975231d4119001ac517 | Space_Race | The greater advances of the Soviet space program at the time allowed their space program to achieve other significant firsts, including the first EVA "spacewalk" and the first mission performed by a crew in shirt-sleeves. Gemini took a year longer than planned to accomplish its first flight, allowing the Soviets to ach... | The first flight in a spacecraft that allowed no suits to be worn inside was was? | {
"text": [
"Voskhod 1"
],
"answer_start": [
350
]
} | [
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56e0f975231d4119001ac518 | Space_Race | The greater advances of the Soviet space program at the time allowed their space program to achieve other significant firsts, including the first EVA "spacewalk" and the first mission performed by a crew in shirt-sleeves. Gemini took a year longer than planned to accomplish its first flight, allowing the Soviets to ach... | The US Apollo Command Module flew without spacesuits in what year? | {
"text": [
"1968"
],
"answer_start": [
1029
]
} | [
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56e0fa4e231d4119001ac51e | Space_Race | On March 18, 1965, about a week before the first American piloted Project Gemini space flight, the USSR accelerated the competition, by launching the two-cosmonaut Voskhod 2 mission with Pavel Belyayev and Alexey Leonov. Voskhod 2's design modifications included the addition of an inflatable airlock to allow for extrav... | The Voskhod 2 carrying two humans was launched on what date? | {
"text": [
"March 18, 1965"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} | [
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56e0fa4e231d4119001ac51f | Space_Race | On March 18, 1965, about a week before the first American piloted Project Gemini space flight, the USSR accelerated the competition, by launching the two-cosmonaut Voskhod 2 mission with Pavel Belyayev and Alexey Leonov. Voskhod 2's design modifications included the addition of an inflatable airlock to allow for extrav... | Who was the first person to take a spacewalk? | {
"text": [
"Alexey Leonov"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} | [
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56e0fa4e231d4119001ac520 | Space_Race | On March 18, 1965, about a week before the first American piloted Project Gemini space flight, the USSR accelerated the competition, by launching the two-cosmonaut Voskhod 2 mission with Pavel Belyayev and Alexey Leonov. Voskhod 2's design modifications included the addition of an inflatable airlock to allow for extrav... | Which of two Voskhod 2's occupants was almost killed? | {
"text": [
"Alexey Leonov"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} | [
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56e0fa807aa994140058e861 | Space_Race | Most of the novice pilots on the early missions would command the later missions. In this way, Project Gemini built up spaceflight experience for the pool of astronauts who would be chosen to fly the Apollo lunar missions. | Project Gemini helped recruit experienced people for which upcoming lunar missions? | {
"text": [
"Apollo"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} | [
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56e0fb41231d4119001ac52c | Space_Race | The circumlunar program (Zond), created by Vladimir Chelomey's design bureau OKB-52, was to fly two cosmonauts in a stripped-down Soyuz 7K-L1, launched by Chelomey's Proton UR-500 rocket. The Zond sacrificed habitable cabin volume for equipment, by omitting the Soyuz orbital module. Chelomey gained favor with Khruschev... | Who created the circumlunar program called Zond? | {
"text": [
"Vladimir Chelomey"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} | [
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0.0705040... |
56e0fb41231d4119001ac52d | Space_Race | The circumlunar program (Zond), created by Vladimir Chelomey's design bureau OKB-52, was to fly two cosmonauts in a stripped-down Soyuz 7K-L1, launched by Chelomey's Proton UR-500 rocket. The Zond sacrificed habitable cabin volume for equipment, by omitting the Soyuz orbital module. Chelomey gained favor with Khruschev... | Which type of craft were two astronauts to fly in during Zond? | {
"text": [
"Soyuz 7K-L1"
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} | [
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56e0fba6231d4119001ac53b | Space_Race | Korolev's lunar landing program was designated N1/L3, for its N1 superbooster and a more advanced Soyuz 7K-L3 spacecraft, also known as the lunar orbital module ("Lunniy Orbitalny Korabl", LOK), with a crew of two. A separate lunar lander ("Lunniy Korabl", LK), would carry a single cosmonaut to the lunar surface. | The "Lunniy Korabl" or "LK" would carry how many people? | {
"text": [
"N1"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} | [
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0.0702... |
56e0fbf67aa994140058e873 | Space_Race | The US and USSR began discussions on the peaceful uses of space as early as 1958, presenting issues for debate to the United Nations, which created a Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space in 1959. | The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space was established in what year? | {
"text": [
"1959"
],
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199
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} | [
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56e0fbf67aa994140058e874 | Space_Race | The US and USSR began discussions on the peaceful uses of space as early as 1958, presenting issues for debate to the United Nations, which created a Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space in 1959. | The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space was created by what organization in 1959? | {
"text": [
"United Nations"
],
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118
]
} | [
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56e0fcef231d4119001ac548 | Space_Race | On May 10, 1962, Vice President Johnson addressed the Second National Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Space revealing that the United States and the USSR both supported a resolution passed by the Political Committee of the UN General Assembly on December 1962, which not only urged member nations to "extend the rules... | A problem was resolved by whom when both the US and the USSR supported a cooperative space program? | {
"text": [
"Political Committee of the UN General Assembly"
],
"answer_start": [
199
]
} | [
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56e0fcef231d4119001ac549 | Space_Race | On May 10, 1962, Vice President Johnson addressed the Second National Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Space revealing that the United States and the USSR both supported a resolution passed by the Political Committee of the UN General Assembly on December 1962, which not only urged member nations to "extend the rules... | The cooperative space program was passed on what date? | {
"text": [
"December 1962"
],
"answer_start": [
249
]
} | [
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56e0fd56231d4119001ac552 | Space_Race | The UN ultimately created a Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, which was signed by the United States, USSR, and the United Kingdom on January 27, 1967 and went into force the following October 10. | The Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space was signed by three countries on what date? | {
"text": [
"January 27, 1967"
],
"answer_start": [
245
]
} | [
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56e0fd867aa994140058e889 | Space_Race | In 1967, both nations faced serious challenges that brought their programs to temporary halts. Both had been rushing at full-speed toward the first piloted flights of Apollo and Soyuz, without paying due diligence to growing design and manufacturing problems. The results proved fatal to both pioneering crews. | Both crews were killed on which spacecraft missions in 1967? | {
"text": [
"Apollo and Soyuz"
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167
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56e0fe47cd28a01900c673f1 | Space_Race | On January 27, 1967, the same day the US and USSR signed the Outer Space Treaty, the crew of the first manned Apollo mission, Command Pilot Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Senior Pilot Edward H. White, and Pilot Roger Chaffee, were killed in a fire that swept through their spacecraft cabin during a ground test, less than a month... | The Outer Space Treaty was signed by the US and the USSR on what date? | {
"text": [
"January 27, 1967"
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56e0fe47cd28a01900c673f4 | Space_Race | On January 27, 1967, the same day the US and USSR signed the Outer Space Treaty, the crew of the first manned Apollo mission, Command Pilot Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Senior Pilot Edward H. White, and Pilot Roger Chaffee, were killed in a fire that swept through their spacecraft cabin during a ground test, less than a month... | What was the cause of the fire that killed everyone on the first Apollo mission before launch? | {
"text": [
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56e0fe47cd28a01900c673f5 | Space_Race | On January 27, 1967, the same day the US and USSR signed the Outer Space Treaty, the crew of the first manned Apollo mission, Command Pilot Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Senior Pilot Edward H. White, and Pilot Roger Chaffee, were killed in a fire that swept through their spacecraft cabin during a ground test, less than a month... | Who were the three people who died on the first Apollo mission before launch? | {
"text": [
"Command Pilot Virgil \"Gus\" Grissom, Senior Pilot Edward H. White, and Pilot Roger Chaffee"
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126
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56e0fedde3433e1400422a74 | Space_Race | Meanwhile, the Soviet Union was having its own problems with Soyuz development. Engineers reported 200 design faults to party leaders, but their concerns "were overruled by political pressures for a series of space feats to mark the anniversary of Lenin's birthday."[citation needed] On April 24, 1967, the single pilot ... | Who was the person credited with the first in-flight space death? | {
"text": [
"Vladimir Komarov"
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332
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56e0fedde3433e1400422a76 | Space_Race | Meanwhile, the Soviet Union was having its own problems with Soyuz development. Engineers reported 200 design faults to party leaders, but their concerns "were overruled by political pressures for a series of space feats to mark the anniversary of Lenin's birthday."[citation needed] On April 24, 1967, the single pilot ... | When did Vladimir Komarov die on impact from his spacecraft crash? | {
"text": [
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56e10477e3433e1400422ac4 | Space_Race | The Soviet Union also fixed the parachute and control problems with Soyuz, and the next piloted mission Soyuz 3 was launched on October 26, 1968. The goal was to complete Komarov's rendezvous and docking mission with the un-piloted Soyuz 2. Ground controllers brought the two craft to within 200 meters (660 ft) of each ... | The Soyuz 3 began its mission to space on what date? | {
"text": [
"October 26, 1968"
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128
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56e10477e3433e1400422ac5 | Space_Race | The Soviet Union also fixed the parachute and control problems with Soyuz, and the next piloted mission Soyuz 3 was launched on October 26, 1968. The goal was to complete Komarov's rendezvous and docking mission with the un-piloted Soyuz 2. Ground controllers brought the two craft to within 200 meters (660 ft) of each ... | When was the first successful docking of a two man space crew? | {
"text": [
"January 1969"
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709
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56e10477e3433e1400422ac6 | Space_Race | The Soviet Union also fixed the parachute and control problems with Soyuz, and the next piloted mission Soyuz 3 was launched on October 26, 1968. The goal was to complete Komarov's rendezvous and docking mission with the un-piloted Soyuz 2. Ground controllers brought the two craft to within 200 meters (660 ft) of each ... | Which two space missions were the first to successfully dock each other? | {
"text": [
"Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5"
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729
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56e104dfcd28a01900c67447 | Space_Race | The Soviet Zond spacecraft was not yet ready for piloted circumlunar missions in 1968, after five unsuccessful and partially successful automated test launches: Cosmos 146 on March 10, 1967; Cosmos 154 on April 8, 1967; Zond 1967A September 27, 1967; Zond 1967B on November 22, 1967. Zond 4 was launched on March 2, 1968... | Where was the Zond 4 over when it was destroyed by an explosion? | {
"text": [
"Gulf of Guinea"
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558
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56e1063ecd28a01900c67453 | Space_Race | On December 21, 1968, Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders became the first humans to ride the Saturn V rocket into space on Apollo 8. They also became the first to leave low-Earth orbit and go to another celestial body, and entered lunar orbit on December 24. They made ten orbits in twenty hours, and transmi... | Which three people were the first to ride the Saturn V rocket into space? | {
"text": [
"Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders"
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22
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56e1063ecd28a01900c67454 | Space_Race | On December 21, 1968, Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders became the first humans to ride the Saturn V rocket into space on Apollo 8. They also became the first to leave low-Earth orbit and go to another celestial body, and entered lunar orbit on December 24. They made ten orbits in twenty hours, and transmi... | What date did Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders leave Earth on the Apollo 8 mission? | {
"text": [
"December 21, 1968"
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56e1063ecd28a01900c67456 | Space_Race | On December 21, 1968, Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders became the first humans to ride the Saturn V rocket into space on Apollo 8. They also became the first to leave low-Earth orbit and go to another celestial body, and entered lunar orbit on December 24. They made ten orbits in twenty hours, and transmi... | During what holiday, was the Apollo 8 mission broadcast from orbit? | {
"text": [
"Christmas Eve"
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} | [
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56e1063ecd28a01900c67457 | Space_Race | On December 21, 1968, Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders became the first humans to ride the Saturn V rocket into space on Apollo 8. They also became the first to leave low-Earth orbit and go to another celestial body, and entered lunar orbit on December 24. They made ten orbits in twenty hours, and transmi... | Which ocean did the Apolo 8 mission land in? | {
"text": [
"Pacific"
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676
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56e1077ecd28a01900c67469 | Space_Race | Apollo 11 was prepared with the goal of a July landing in the Sea of Tranquility. The crew, selected in January 1969, consisted of commander (CDR) Neil Armstrong, Command Module Pilot (CMP) Michael Collins, and Lunar Module Pilot (LMP) Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin. They trained for the mission until just before the actual launc... | Apollo 11 mission was to land where on the Moon? | {
"text": [
"Sea of Tranquility"
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62
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} | [
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56e1077ecd28a01900c6746b | Space_Race | Apollo 11 was prepared with the goal of a July landing in the Sea of Tranquility. The crew, selected in January 1969, consisted of commander (CDR) Neil Armstrong, Command Module Pilot (CMP) Michael Collins, and Lunar Module Pilot (LMP) Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin. They trained for the mission until just before the actual launc... | When did the Apollo 11 mission launch? | {
"text": [
"July 16, 1969"
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330
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56e1077ecd28a01900c6746c | Space_Race | Apollo 11 was prepared with the goal of a July landing in the Sea of Tranquility. The crew, selected in January 1969, consisted of commander (CDR) Neil Armstrong, Command Module Pilot (CMP) Michael Collins, and Lunar Module Pilot (LMP) Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin. They trained for the mission until just before the actual launc... | What state did the Saturn V rocket launch from? | {
"text": [
"Florida"
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456
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} | [
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56e1077ecd28a01900c6746d | Space_Race | Apollo 11 was prepared with the goal of a July landing in the Sea of Tranquility. The crew, selected in January 1969, consisted of commander (CDR) Neil Armstrong, Command Module Pilot (CMP) Michael Collins, and Lunar Module Pilot (LMP) Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin. They trained for the mission until just before the actual launc... | When was the crew chosen to participate on the Apollo 11 mission? | {
"text": [
"January 1969"
],
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104
]
} | [
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56e10894e3433e1400422b04 | Space_Race | The first step was witnessed by at least one-fifth of the population of Earth, or about 723 million people. His first words when he stepped off the LM's landing footpad were, "That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind." Aldrin joined him on the surface almost 20 minutes later. Altogether, they spent... | How many people saw the first step onto the Moon? | {
"text": [
"723 million"
],
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88
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} | [
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56e10894e3433e1400422b07 | Space_Race | The first step was witnessed by at least one-fifth of the population of Earth, or about 723 million people. His first words when he stepped off the LM's landing footpad were, "That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind." Aldrin joined him on the surface almost 20 minutes later. Altogether, they spent... | When did they launch from the Moon to reattach to the Columbia? | {
"text": [
"The next day"
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379
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56e10bf4cd28a01900c674c3 | Space_Race | Having lost the race to the Moon, the USSR decided to concentrate on orbital space stations. During 1969 and 1970, they launched six more Soyuz flights after Soyuz 3, then launched the first space station, the Salyut 1 laboratory designed by Kerim Kerimov, on April 19, 1971. Three days later, the Soyuz 10 crew attempte... | The USSR launched their first space station on what date? | {
"text": [
"April 19, 1971"
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260
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56e10bf4cd28a01900c674c4 | Space_Race | Having lost the race to the Moon, the USSR decided to concentrate on orbital space stations. During 1969 and 1970, they launched six more Soyuz flights after Soyuz 3, then launched the first space station, the Salyut 1 laboratory designed by Kerim Kerimov, on April 19, 1971. Three days later, the Soyuz 10 crew attempte... | Who made up the crew of the Soyuz 11? | {
"text": [
"Vladislav Volkov, Georgi Dobrovolski and Viktor Patsayev"
],
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438
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} | [
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56e11166cd28a01900c6753f | Space_Race | The two nations planned a joint mission to dock the last US Apollo craft with a Soyuz, known as the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP). To prepare, the US designed a docking module for the Apollo that was compatible with the Soviet docking system, which allowed any of their craft to dock with any other (e.g. Soyuz/Soyuz ... | ASTP stands for what? | {
"text": [
"Apollo-Soyuz Test Project"
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100
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} | [
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56e11166cd28a01900c67540 | Space_Race | The two nations planned a joint mission to dock the last US Apollo craft with a Soyuz, known as the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP). To prepare, the US designed a docking module for the Apollo that was compatible with the Soviet docking system, which allowed any of their craft to dock with any other (e.g. Soyuz/Soyuz ... | Which Soyuz mission in December 1974 was to be used for the ASTP? | {
"text": [
"16"
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502
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56e111cecd28a01900c67543 | Space_Race | The joint mission began when Soyuz 19 was first launched on July 15, 1975 at 12:20 UTC, and the Apollo craft was launched with the docking module six and a half hours later. The two craft rendezvoused and docked on July 17 at 16:19 UTC. The three astronauts conducted joint experiments with the two cosmonauts, and the c... | Soyuz 19 took off from Earth on what date? | {
"text": [
"July 15, 1975"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} | [
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0.... |
56e11222e3433e1400422b9a | Space_Race | In the 1970s, the United States began developing a new generation of reusable orbital spacecraft known as the Space Shuttle, and launched a range of unmanned probes. The USSR continued to develop space station technology with the Salyut program and Mir ('Peace' or 'World', depending on the context) space station, suppo... | What year did the USSR disband? | {
"text": [
"1991"
],
"answer_start": [
447
]
} | [
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56e11243e3433e1400422b9e | Space_Race | The Russian R-7 rocket family, which launched the first Sputnik at the beginning of the space race, is still in use today. It services the International Space Station (ISS) as the launcher for both the Soyuz and Progress spacecraft. It also ferries both Russian and American crews to and from the station. | Which Russian rocket carries passengers to and from the International Space Station? | {
"text": [
"R-7 rocket"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} | [
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56e11280e3433e1400422ba0 | Space_Race | American concerns that they had fallen behind the Soviet Union in the race to space led quickly to a push by legislators and educators for greater emphasis on mathematics and the physical sciences in American schools. The United States' National Defense Education Act of 1958 increased funding for these goals from child... | The United States' National Defense Education Act was established in what year? | {
"text": [
"1958"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} | [
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56e0ebae7aa994140058e7cb | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS, simplified Chinese: 北斗卫星导航系统; traditional Chinese: 北斗衛星導航系統; pinyin: Běidǒu wèixīng dǎoháng xìtǒng) is a Chinese satellite navigation system. It consists of two separate satellite constellations – a limited test system that has been operating since 2000, and a full-scale glo... | What is the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System? | {
"text": [
"a Chinese satellite navigation system"
],
"answer_start": [
148
]
} | [
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0.07088299095630646,
... |
56e0ebae7aa994140058e7cc | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS, simplified Chinese: 北斗卫星导航系统; traditional Chinese: 北斗衛星導航系統; pinyin: Běidǒu wèixīng dǎoháng xìtǒng) is a Chinese satellite navigation system. It consists of two separate satellite constellations – a limited test system that has been operating since 2000, and a full-scale glo... | How many satellite constellations does the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System have? | {
"text": [
"two separate satellite constellations"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} | [
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0.07088299095630646,
... |
56e0ebae7aa994140058e7cd | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS, simplified Chinese: 北斗卫星导航系统; traditional Chinese: 北斗衛星導航系統; pinyin: Běidǒu wèixīng dǎoháng xìtǒng) is a Chinese satellite navigation system. It consists of two separate satellite constellations – a limited test system that has been operating since 2000, and a full-scale glo... | What are the two satellite constellations? | {
"text": [
"a limited test system that has been operating since 2000, and a full-scale global navigation system"
],
"answer_start": [
242
]
} | [
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0.0008326302049681544,
-0.020583325996994972,
-0.032026391476392746,
0.07088299095630646,
... |
56e0ebae7aa994140058e7ce | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS, simplified Chinese: 北斗卫星导航系统; traditional Chinese: 北斗衛星導航系統; pinyin: Běidǒu wèixīng dǎoháng xìtǒng) is a Chinese satellite navigation system. It consists of two separate satellite constellations – a limited test system that has been operating since 2000, and a full-scale glo... | How long has the limited test system been operating? | {
"text": [
"since 2000"
],
"answer_start": [
288
]
} | [
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0.02043747715651989,
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0.0008326302049681544,
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-0.032026391476392746,
0.07088299095630646,
... |
56e0ebae7aa994140058e7cf | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS, simplified Chinese: 北斗卫星导航系统; traditional Chinese: 北斗衛星導航系統; pinyin: Běidǒu wèixīng dǎoháng xìtǒng) is a Chinese satellite navigation system. It consists of two separate satellite constellations – a limited test system that has been operating since 2000, and a full-scale glo... | How is the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System written in traditional Chinese? | {
"text": [
"北斗衛星導航系統"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} | [
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0.07088299095630646,
... |
5acd2f4507355d001abf3836 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS, simplified Chinese: 北斗卫星导航系统; traditional Chinese: 北斗衛星導航系統; pinyin: Běidǒu wèixīng dǎoháng xìtǒng) is a Chinese satellite navigation system. It consists of two separate satellite constellations – a limited test system that has been operating since 2000, and a full-scale glo... | What is the Limited Navigation Satellite System? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
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-0.032026391476392746,
0.07088299095630646,
... |
5acd2f4507355d001abf3837 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS, simplified Chinese: 北斗卫星导航系统; traditional Chinese: 北斗衛星導航系統; pinyin: Běidǒu wèixīng dǎoháng xìtǒng) is a Chinese satellite navigation system. It consists of two separate satellite constellations – a limited test system that has been operating since 2000, and a full-scale glo... | The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System consists of 3 separate what? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
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0.07088299095630646,
... |
5acd2f4507355d001abf3838 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS, simplified Chinese: 北斗卫星导航系统; traditional Chinese: 北斗衛星導航系統; pinyin: Běidǒu wèixīng dǎoháng xìtǒng) is a Chinese satellite navigation system. It consists of two separate satellite constellations – a limited test system that has been operating since 2000, and a full-scale glo... | What type of system has been operating since 2010? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
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-0.032026391476392746,
0.07088299095630646,
... |
5acd2f4507355d001abf3839 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS, simplified Chinese: 北斗卫星导航系统; traditional Chinese: 北斗衛星導航系統; pinyin: Běidǒu wèixīng dǎoháng xìtǒng) is a Chinese satellite navigation system. It consists of two separate satellite constellations – a limited test system that has been operating since 2000, and a full-scale glo... | Which system is no longer under construction? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
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-0.032026391476392746,
0.07088299095630646,
... |
56e0fb457aa994140058e863 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | According to China daily. Fifteen years after the satellite system was launched, it is now generating $31.5 billion for major companies such as China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd, and China North Industries Group Corp. | How long ago was the BeiDou Satellite System first launched? | {
"text": [
"Fifteen years"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} | [
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56e0fb457aa994140058e864 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | According to China daily. Fifteen years after the satellite system was launched, it is now generating $31.5 billion for major companies such as China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd, and China North Industries Group Corp. | How much revenue for companies is generated by the BDS system? | {
"text": [
"$31.5 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} | [
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56e0fb457aa994140058e865 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | According to China daily. Fifteen years after the satellite system was launched, it is now generating $31.5 billion for major companies such as China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd, and China North Industries Group Corp. | What are some companies that profit from the BDS system? | {
"text": [
"China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd, and China North Industries Group Corp."
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} | [
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0.01612272672355175,
0.04679664224386215,
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5acd331d07355d001abf3920 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | According to China daily. Fifteen years after the satellite system was launched, it is now generating $31.5 billion for major companies such as China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd, and China North Industries Group Corp. | How long ago was the BlueDynamite Satellite System first launched? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
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0.018437780439853668,
0.01379450410604477,
0.01612272672355175,
0.04679664224386215,
-0.0375... |
5acd331d07355d001abf3921 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | According to China daily. Fifteen years after the satellite system was launched, it is now generating $31.5 billion for major companies such as China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd, and China North Industries Group Corp. | How much revenue for companies is generated by the ABC system? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
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0.04679664224386215,
-0.0375... |
5acd331d07355d001abf3922 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | According to China daily. Fifteen years after the satellite system was launched, it is now generating $31.5 billion for major companies such as China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd, and China North Industries Group Corp. | What are some companies that experience losses from the BDS system? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
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0.04679664224386215,
-0.0375... |
5acd331d07355d001abf3923 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | According to China daily. Fifteen years after the satellite system was launched, it is now generating $31.5 billion for major companies such as China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd, and China North Industries Group Corp. | 17 years after it's launch, how much does the satellite system generate in profit? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
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0.04679664224386215,
-0.0375... |
56e0fd33231d4119001ac54c | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The original idea of a Chinese satellite navigation system was conceived by Chen Fangyun and his colleagues in the 1980s. According to the China National Space Administration, the development of the system would be carried out in three steps: | Who first came up with the idea for a Chinese satellite navigation system? | {
"text": [
"Chen Fangyun and his colleagues"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} | [
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0.09303851425647736,
0.02163... |
56e0fd33231d4119001ac54d | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The original idea of a Chinese satellite navigation system was conceived by Chen Fangyun and his colleagues in the 1980s. According to the China National Space Administration, the development of the system would be carried out in three steps: | When did Chen Fangyun come up with the idea for a satellite navigation system? | {
"text": [
"in the 1980s"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} | [
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0.09303851425647736,
0.02163... |
56e0fd33231d4119001ac54e | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The original idea of a Chinese satellite navigation system was conceived by Chen Fangyun and his colleagues in the 1980s. According to the China National Space Administration, the development of the system would be carried out in three steps: | The China National Space Administration said the satellite navigation system would be developed in how many steps? | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} | [
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5acd345807355d001abf3946 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The original idea of a Chinese satellite navigation system was conceived by Chen Fangyun and his colleagues in the 1980s. According to the China National Space Administration, the development of the system would be carried out in three steps: | Who first came up with the idea for a Japanese satellite navigation system? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
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0.016131525859236717,
0.09303851425647736,
0.02163... |
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