question stringlengths 13 215 | ground_truth stringlengths 2 3.15k | context stringlengths 0 157k |
|---|---|---|
What is known about diseases associated with mutations in the CHCHD10 gene? | Mutation c.197G>T p.G66V in CHCHD10 is the cause of the lower motor neuron syndrome LOSMoN/SMAJ.
Mutations in the CHCHD10 gene have been identified in a large family with a complex phenotype variably associating frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), cerebellar ataxia, myopathy, and he... | Mitochondrial DNA instability disorders are responsible for a large clinical
spectrum, among which amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-like symptoms and
frontotemporal dementia are extremely rare. We report a large family with a
late-onset phenotype including motor neuron disease, cognitive decline
resembling frontotempo... |
Which drug should be used as an antidote in benzodiazepine overdose? | Flumazenil should be used in all patients presenting with suspected benzodiazepine overdose. Flumazenil is a potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that competitively blocks the central effects of benzodiazepines and reverses behavioral, neurologic, and electrophysiologic effects of benzodiazepine overdose. Clinica... | Anterograde amnesia, possibly accompanied by acute brain syndrome, is a
potential side-effect of certain benzodiazepines, particularly triazolam.
Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist that is highly effective in reversing
the central nervous system effects of benzodiazepine overdose. We report a case
of triazol... |
Does thyroid hormone signaling affect microRNAs expression in the heart? | YES | The heart responds to diverse forms of stress by hypertrophic growth accompanied
by fibrosis and eventual diminution of contractility, which results from
down-regulation of alpha-myosin heavy chain (alphaMHC) and up-regulation of
betaMHC, the primary contractile proteins of the heart. We found that a
cardiac-specif... |
Give examples of next-generation sequencing applications in mutation screening? | Next generation sequencing data for a particular genomic region can be seen as the summation of all the individual sequences (reads) obtained for that region and no longer as the mean of this sum as it is the case for traditional Sanger sequencing. NGS is introduced to an increasing number of mutation screening applica... | BACKGROUND: Conventional PCR-based direct sequencing of candidate genes for a
family with X-linked leucoencephalopathy with unknown aetiology failed to
identify any causative mutations.
OBJECTIVE: To carry out exome sequencing of entire transcripts of the whole X
chromosome to investigate a family with X linked leuc... |
List common features of Shapiro syndrome | Shapiro syndrome is a rare entity, comprising a triad of recurrent hypothermia, hyperhidrosis and congenital agenesis of the corpus callosum. Hypermelatoninemia has also been described in a patient with Shapiro syndrome. | We present a patient diagnosed with Shapiro syndrome without corpus callosum
agenesis. A 4-year-old-girl was admitted to the hospital with complaints of
sweating, cooling, and drowsiness that continued during the last week of her
admission. Attacks occurred almost daily, and lasted for about 1 hour. All
laboratory ... |
List mouse models for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). | Numerous mouse models exists for autism spectrum disorder, such as: BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR), maternal immune, activation (MIA) mouse model of gestational poly(IC) exposure, C58/J and ProSAP1/Shank2. | BACKGROUND: Impairments in social processes characterize one of the core
deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and accumulating evidence suggests
that oxytocin neurotransmission is implicated in mediating social adaptation in
ASD. Using a mouse model, CD38, a transmembrane protein expressed in immune
cells bu... |
What is BioASQ? | BIOASQ assesses the ability of systems to semantically index very large numbers of biomedical scientific articles, and to return concise and user-understandable answers to given natural language questions by combining information from biomedical articles and ontologies. | |
Which are the main functions of G3BP1 and G3BP2 proteins? | The main functions of G3BP1 and/or G3BP2 include translation of interferon stimulated mRNAs during dengue virus infection, initiation of assembly of stress granules, regulation of PMP22 mRNA which was found to affect cell proliferation in breast cancer cells, participation in several signaling pathways involved in grow... | Sindbis virus (SINV) is the prototype member of the Alphavirus genus, whose
members cause severe human diseases for which there is no specific treatment. To
ascertain host factors important in the replication of the SINV RNA genome, we
generated a SINV expressing nsP4, the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, with
a... |
What is the definitive treatment for low pressure headache? | epidural blood patch | We describe thickening and contrast enhancement of the intracranial
pachymeninges, revealed by MRI in a patient with presumed low-pressure headache
following dural puncture and a blood patch. The clinical and radiological
abnormalities resolved within 2 weeks. OBJECTIVE: This Evidence-Based Case Management article... |
What is the role of the histidine rich calcium binding protein (HRC) in cardiomyopathy? | The histidine-rich Ca-binding protein (HRC), a 165 kDa sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) protein, regulates SR Ca cycling during excitation–contraction coupling. HRC mutations or polymorphisms lead to cardiac dysfunction. The Ser96Ala genetic variant of HRC is associated with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and su... | OBJECTIVE: The histidine-rich Ca-binding protein (HRC) is a Ca-storage protein
in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. Recent transgenic studies revealed that this
protein inhibits the maximal rates of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-transport,
leading to cardiac dysfunction. In view of the role of sarcoplasmic reticulum
Ca-c... |
What is the incidence of sudden cardiac death among young athletes? | the incidence of sudden cardiac death among young athletes ranges from 0.5 to 3 per 100,000 athletes per year . | Sudden cardiac death in a young athlete is a tragic and marking event, even
though the media attention it gets is more important than its incidence
(1-2/100000 per year). The main etiology is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,
followed by coronary artery anomalies. Sometimes signs of myocarditis are found
at autopsy. The... |
What is the effect of amitriptyline in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy? | Amitriptyline is efficacious in ameliorating muscle inflammation and depressive symptoms in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy | Mutations in the structural protein dystrophin underlie muscular dystrophies
characterized by progressive deterioration of muscle function.
Dystrophin-deficient mdx mice are considered a model for Duchenne muscular
dystrophy (DMD). Individuals with DMD are also susceptible to mood disorders,
such as depression and ... |
Which post-translational histone modifications are characteristic of facultative heterochromatin? | Nuclear VapB methyltransferase diminishes the establishment of facultative heterochromatin by decreasing histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3). Dramatic changes in exposure of a repressive chromatin mark, H3K9me2, indicate that during development linker histone plays a role in establishing the facultative heteroc... | X inactivation is associated with chromosome-wide establishment of inactive
chromatin. Although this is classically regarded as facultative heterochromatin
that is uniform in nature, the exact distribution of associated epigenetic marks
is not well defined. Here we have analysed histone modifications in human
somat... |
Mutations in which genes have been associated with Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome? | Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is an inflammatory disorder caused by mutations in any of six genes (TREX1, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, SAMHD1, and ADAR). | Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (AGS) is a genetic encephalopathy whose clinical
features mimic those of acquired in utero viral infection. AGS exhibits locus
heterogeneity, with mutations identified in genes encoding the 3'-->5'
exonuclease TREX1 and the three subunits of the RNASEH2 endonuclease complex. To
define the... |
List bacteria that may be useful in uranium bioremediation. | The main bacteria studied in uranium bioremediation are Geobacteraceae. Other bacteria are:
Firmicutes,
Shewanella oneidensis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans
strain Rf4T | Stimulating microbial reduction of soluble U(VI) to insoluble U(IV) shows
promise as a strategy for immobilizing uranium in uranium-contaminated
subsurface environments. In order to learn more about which microorganisms might
be involved in U(VI) reduction in situ, the changes in the microbial community
when U(VI) ... |
How much should be the duration of the QT interval in patients with short QT syndrome? | The short-QT syndrome is characterized by QT intervals <300-330 msec | The short QT syndrome constitutes a new clinical entity that is associated with
a high incidence of sudden cardiac death, syncope, and/or atrial fibrillation
even in young patients and newborns. Patients with this congenital electrical
abnormality are characterized by rate-corrected QT intervals<320 ms. Missense
mu... |
What is known about potential implication of thyroid hormone receptors in arterial hypertension? | thyroid hormone receptors are implicated in arterial hypertension | Hypertension is more common in hypothyroidic patients than in euthyroid controls
in older age groups. Treatment of the thyroid deficiency alone lowers blood
pressure in most patients. Hemodynamically, cardiac output is reduced and total
peripheral resistance is elevated. The latter probably is secondary to an
incre... |
What is the mechanism of action of abiraterone? | Abiraterone acts by inhibiting cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase (CYP17A1), a critical step in androgen biosynthesis, thus leading to inhibition of androgen biosynthesis. | Abiraterone (17-(3-pyridyl)androsta-5,16-dien-3beta-ol, 1) is a potent inhibitor
(IC50 4 nM for hydroxylase) of human cytochrome P45017alpha. To assist in
studies of the role of the 16,17-double bond in its mechanism of action, the
novel 17alpha-(4-pyridyl)androst-5-en-3beta-ol (5) and
17beta-(3-pyridyl)-16,17alpha... |
The protein neprilysin has an positive effect on Alzheimer disease, how can it be delivered to the brain? | The protein neprilysin can be deliverered to the brain (crossing the blood brain barrier) through: gene tranfer, transgenesis, gene induction, ex-vivo gene therapy, intracardiac (peripheral) administration of viral neprilysin construct, syringe-focused ultrasound device, convection-enhanced delivery and the use of huma... | BACKGROUND: Understanding the mechanisms of amyloid-beta protein (Abeta)
production and clearance in the brain has been essential to elucidating the
etiology of Alzheimer disease (AD). Chronically decreasing brain Abeta levels is
an emerging therapeutic approach for AD, but no such disease-modifying agents
have ach... |
Which species of bacteria did the mitochondria originate from? | Biologists agree that the ancestor of mitochondria was an alpha-proteobacterium. Although the Alphaproteobacteria are thought to be the closest relatives of the mitochondrial progenitor, there is dispute as to what its particular sister group is. Accumulating evolutionary data point to a monophyletic origin of mitochon... | We have cloned and sequenced the genes encoding cytochrome b (cob) and
cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) from Rickettsia prowazekii, a member of
the alpha-proteobacteria. The phylogenetic analysis supports the hypothesis that
mitochondria are derived from the alpha-proteobacteria and more specifically
from with... |
Which disease is linked to mutations within BRAG1? | Mutations in BRAG1 have been identified in families with X-linked intellectual disability (XLID). | |
Which is the main calcium pump of the sarcoplasmic reticulum? | Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) is the pump crucial for calcium homeostasis. SERCA is a membrane protein that belongs to the family of P-type ion translocating ATPases and pumps free cytosolic calcium into intracellular stores. | This review mainly focuses on the structure, function of the sarco(endo)plasmic
reticulum calcium pump (SERCA) and its role in genesis of arrhythmias. SERCA is
a membrane protein that belongs to the family of P-type ion translocating
ATPases and pumps free cytosolic calcium into intracellular stores. Active
transpo... |
What is the inheritance pattern of Hunter disease or mucopolysaccharidosis II? | X- linked recessive | Profound iduronate sulfatase deficiency, characteristic of the Hunter syndrome,
has been found in cultured fibroblasts, serum, lymphocytes, and tissues of two
clinically affected girls. The patients are karyotypically normal and have
normal fathers; cloning of the mothers' fibroblasts did not reveal the mosaicism
e... |
Do ephrins play a role in brain cancer? | Eph receptors and ephrin ligands are involved in the development of the central nervous system. Their expression is often reported to be up-regulated in brain tumours and they may be considered molecular markers for the diagnosis of invasive and metastatic tumours. However, there are also reports describing the down-re... | BACKGROUND: Eph receptors and their ligands, the ephrins, represent a large
class of cell-cell communication molecules with well-defined developmental
functions. Their role in healthy adult tissues and in human disease is still
largely unknown, although diverse roles in carcinogenesis have been postulated.
METHODS: ... |
What is the effect of the absence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rrm3p? | The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RRM3 gene encodes a 5' to 3' DNA helicase. While replication of most of the yeast genome was not dependent upon Rrm3p, in its absence, replication forks paused and often broke at an estimated 1400 discrete sites, including tRNA genes, centromeres, inactive replication origins, and transcrip... | The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RRM3 gene encodes a 5' to 3' DNA helicase. While
replication of most of the yeast genome was not dependent upon Rrm3p, in its
absence, replication forks paused and often broke at an estimated 1400 discrete
sites, including tRNA genes, centromeres, inactive replication origins, and
trans... |
Do all archaea possess multiple origins of DNA replication? | Origins of DNA replication differ in number and structure across the three domains of life and their properties determine the dynamics of chromosome replication. Though most archaea replicate their chromosomes using multiple origins, there are also certain archaea that possess a single origin of DNA replication (such a... | Eukaryotic chromosomes possess multiple origins of replication, whereas
bacterial chromosomes are replicated from a single origin. The archaeon
Pyrococcus abyssi also appears to have a single origin, suggesting a common rule
for prokaryotes. However, in the current work, we describe the identification of
two active... |
What is the ubiquitin proteome? | The ubiquitin proteome is the entire set ubiquitinated proteins and of their respective ubiquitination sites. | The successful use of proteasome inhibitors in clinical trials revealed the
potential of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System for drug development. Protein
remodeling through ubiquitylation is known to regulate the stability and
activity of essential cellular factors through largely uncharacterized
mechanisms. Here, we ... |
Which major signaling pathways are regulated by RIP1? | necroptosis
apoptosis
pro-survival/inflammation NF-κB activation | Virus-induced apoptosis is thought to be the primary mechanism of cell death
following reovirus infection. Induction of cell death following reovirus
infection is initiated by the incoming viral capsid proteins during cell entry
and occurs via NF-κB-dependent activation of classical apoptotic pathways.
Prototype re... |
What is the effect induced by sympathetic nervous system on pupil size? | Pupil size is determined by the interaction of the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system acts either directly on the dilator muscle (peripherally) or centrally by inhibiting the Edinger-Westphal nucleus. Thus, the sympathetic nervous system mediates pupillary dilatation. | Pupil is richly innervated by autonomic nerves. Therefore, its size or movement
well reflects the autonomic nervous function. By analyzing dynamics of pupil
movement for light stimulus followed by infrared video-pupillography, the
abnormality of autonomic nervous system can be expressed in a quantitative
manner. Cl... |
Is p100 the precursor protein molecule of the NF-kappaB transcription factor subunit p50? | No, the precursor molecule for NF-kappaB p50 is p105 and not p100. Nfkb2 encodes two members of the NF-kappa B/Rel family of proteins: p52 and p100. The p100 polypeptide has been proposed to serve as a precursor of p52 (and not of p50), which corresponds to the N-terminal half of p100. NF-kappaB functions as a hetero- ... | The p50 subunit of NF-kappa B is derived from the amino terminus of a 105
kilodalton precursor. The p105 carboxyl terminus, which contains ankyrin-like
repeats, a feature of I kappa B molecules, regulates the cytoplasmic retention
of p105 and inhibits DNA binding by the precursor. Here, we describe an I kappa
B pro... |
What is the definition and the biological role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) | Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex process in which epithelial cells acquire the characteristics of invasive mesenchymal cells. EMT has been implicated in cancer progression and metastasis as well as the formation of many tissues and organs during development. Epithelial cells undergoing EMT lose cell... | Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been hypothesized as a mechanism
by which cells change phenotype during carcinogenesis, as well as tumor
metastasis. Whether EMT is involved in cancer metastasis has a specific,
practical impact on the field of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Since the
generally accept... |
Is there a difference in the rate between gene fusion and gene fission? | Yes. Several studies have estimated that gene fusion and fission are relatively rare events and the gene fusion/fission rate is approximately between 2 and 6. A conflicting case has been discovered in an analysis of plant genomes, where in Oryza sativa the opposite trend was observed. | During evolution genes can produce more complex proteins by gene fusion or less
complex proteins by gene fission. Considering proteins from 131 completely
sequenced genomes from all three kingdoms of life, we identified 2869 groups of
multi-domain proteins as a single protein in certain organisms and as two or
more... |
What type of cancers and inherited diseases have been associated to mutations in the Notch pathway? | So far, mutations in Notch and other components of its signaling pathway have been implicated in an array of human diseases (T-cell leukemia and other cancers, Multiple Sclerosis, CADASIL, Alagille Syndrome, Spondylocostal Dysostosis), but more pathologies are likely to be associated with Notch in the future due to... | Alagille syndrome is an autosomal domit disorder characterized by abnormal
development of liver, heart, skeleton, eye, face and, less frequently, kidney.
Analyses of many patients with cytogenetic deletions or rearrangements have
mapped the gene to chromosome 20p12, although deletions are found in a
relatively smal... |
Can cognitive behavioral therapy improve fatigue in cancer patients? | Yes, it has been documented that cognitive behavioral therapy reduces fatigue symptom severity in cancer patients. In addition, cognitive behavioral therapy has been also shown to improve mood and overall quality of life, and it can be successfully delivered through a variety of treatment modalities in patients with c... | PURPOSE: Persistent fatigue is a long-term adverse effect experienced by 30% to
40% of patients cured of cancer. The main objective of this randomized
controlled trial was to show the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy
(CBT) especially designed for fatigue in cancer survivors.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total ... |
Is protein Fbw7 a SCF type of E3 ubiquitin ligase? | Fbxw7 (also known as Fbw7, SEL-10, hCdc4, or hAgo) is the F-box protein subunit of an Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein (SCF)-type ubiquitin ligase complex that plays a central role in the degradation of Notch family members.The F-box protein Fbw7 (also known as Fbxw7, hCdc4 and Sel-10) functions as a substrate recognition compo... | FBW7 (F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7) is the substrate recognition
component of an evolutionary conserved SCF (complex of SKP1, CUL1 and F-box
protein)-type ubiquitin ligase. SCF(FBW7) degrades several proto-oncogenes that
function in cellular growth and division pathways, including MYC, cyclin E,
Notch an... |
Is there increased incidence of incontinence in athletes? | There is a very high prevalence of urinary incontinence in women athletes. | OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of the symptom of urinary incontinence
during athletic endeavors among a group of nulliparous, elite college varsity
female athletes.
METHODS: All women currently participating in varsity athletics at a large state
university were asked to fill out a questionnaire about the occ... |
What is the inheritance pattern of Apert syndrome? | The Apert syndrome is a disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance. | This report presents the first example of male transmission of Apert
acrocephalosyndactyly syndrome. Female transmission has been reported in the
five previous well-documented cases of domit inheritance of the syndrome. We report two observations of antenatal diagnosis of Apert syndrome. This
uncommon genetic disord... |
Which is the most widely used model for the study of multiple sclerosis (MS)? | Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a classical, conventional and widely recognized animal model for studying multiple sclerosis (MS). EAE is the best available model for the inflammatory processes that occur in MS, and for the disease process. A less commonly used model is that of Theiler's murine encep... | We examined the therapeutic effect of 15-DOS in the two models of acute and
chronic relapsing EAE in Lewis rats. In the first model adult rats developed an
acute severe EAE and by day 16 all animals died. Lewis rats treated with 15-DOS
showed a delayed and reduced onset of clinical symptoms and mortality was
preven... |
What is the usual HER-2 status in breast cancer associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome? | In up to two thirds of breast cancer patients associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, the HER-2 status was found to be positive. | BACKGROUND: Germline TP53 mutations predispose to early onset breast cancer in
women and are associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Published data on the
pathological characteristics of breast cancer among women with TP53 mutations is
limited.
METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of women who und... |
What is the treatment of triiodothyronine toxicosis? | Treatment of T3 toxicosis is a complex medical problem because not well responsive to the various options. Usual treatment includes antithyroid drugs such as propyltiouracil, radioactive iodine or beta blockers like propanol; surgery may be also necessary in some cases. | Triiodothyronine (T3) toxicity has been well documented in adults, but only
isolated cases have been reported in children. Two girls presented with firm
goitres and overt hyperthyroidism. In each patient, total serum thyroxine (T4)
values by competitive protein binding were normal, however total T3 values by
radioi... |
Are there enhancer RNAs (eRNAs)? | Yes. Active enhancers are transcribed, producing a class of noncoding RNAs called enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). eRNAs are distinct from long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), but these two species of noncoding RNAs may share a similar role in the activation of mRNA transcription. | We used genome-wide sequencing methods to study stimulus-dependent enhancer
function in mouse cortical neurons. We identified approximately 12,000 neuronal
activity-regulated enhancers that are bound by the general transcriptional
co-activator CBP in an activity-dependent manner. A function of CBP at enhancers
may ... |
Which are the known human transmembrane nucleoporins? | Transmembrane nucleoporins (NUPs) are integral membrane components of the eukaryotic nuclear pore, playing an important role in the Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) assembly. Even though the NPC is a conserved feature of all eukaryotes, different lineages possess some distinct transmembrane NUP subunits. Currently, four huma... | Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) frequently have autoantibodies
against a 210-kD integral glycoprotein of the nuclear envelope pore membrane.
This protein, termed gp210, has a 1,783-amino acid amino-terminal domain located
in the perinuclear space, a 20-amino acid transmembrane segment, and a 58-amino
... |
Which E3 ubiquitin ligase mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of the interferon receptor type 1 (IFNAR1)? | Ubiquitination and degradation of the IFNAR1 (interferon alpha receptor 1) subunit of the type I interferon (IFN) receptor is mediated by the SCFbeta-Trcp (Skp1-Cullin1-F-box protein beta transducin repeat-containing protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. | Ubiquitination, endocytosis, and lysosomal degradation of the IFNAR1 (interferon
alpha receptor 1) subunit of the type I interferon (IFN) receptor is mediated by
the SCFbeta-Trcp (Skp1-Cullin1-F-box protein beta transducin repeat-containing
protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. In addit... |
Are conserved noncoding elements associated with the evolution of animal body plans? | Yes. Cis-regulatory inputs identified by CNEs arose during the "re-wiring" of regulatory interactions that occurred during early animal evolution. Consequently, different animal groups, with different core GRNs, contain alternative sets of CNEs. Due to the subsequent stability of animal body plans, these core regulator... | |
Which genes were found to be methylated in bladder cancer cells? | In bladder cancer, hepaCAM (hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule), RARβ(2), APC, TPEF (transmembrane protein containing epidermal growth factor and follistatin domain), RASSF1A, p14(ARF) and p16 genes were found to be methylated. These methylation events were demostrated to associate with downregulation of gene expression... | Methylation of CpG sites in the control regions of tumor suppressor genes may be
an important mechanism for their heritable, yet reversible, transcriptional
inactivation. These changes in methylation may impair the proper expression
and/or function of cell cycle regulatory genes and confer a selective growth
advant... |
Are DNA methylation maps applicable to the diagnosis of non-small-cell lung carcinomas? | Yes. | BACKGROUND: Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is a complex maligcy that
owing to its heterogeneity and poor prognosis poses many challenges to
diagnosis, prognosis and patient treatment. DNA methylation is an important
mechanism of epigenetic regulation involved in normal development and cancer. It
is a very st... |
Which domain of TIA-1 is necessary for stress granule assembly? | TIA-1 is an RNA binding protein that promotes the assembly of stress granules (SGs), discrete cytoplasmic inclusions into which stalled translation initiation complexes are dynamically recruited in cells subjected to environmental stress. The RNA recognition motifs of TIA-1 are linked to a glutamine-rich prion-related ... | TIA-1 is an RNA binding protein that promotes the assembly of stress granules
(SGs), discrete cytoplasmic inclusions into which stalled translation initiation
complexes are dynamically recruited in cells subjected to environmental stress.
The RNA recognition motifs of TIA-1 are linked to a glutamine-rich prion-relat... |
Is the protein product of the cylindromatosis gene (CYLD) a deubiquitinating enzyme? | CYLD is a tumour-suppressor gene that is mutated in a benign skin tumour syndrome called cylindromatosis. The CYLD gene product is a deubiquitinating enzyme that was shown to regulate cell proliferation, cell survival and inflammatory responses, mainly through inhibiting NF-kappaB signalling. | Familial cylindromatosis is an autosomal domit predisposition to tumours of
skin appendages called cylindromas. Familial cylindromatosis is caused by
mutations in a gene encoding the CYLD protein of previously unknown function.
Here we show that CYLD is a deubiquitinating enzyme that negatively regulates
activation... |
What is the characteristic domain of histone methyltransferases? | SET (suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zest and trithorax) domain | The organization of chromatin into higher-order structures influences chromosome
function and epigenetic gene regulation. Higher-order chromatin has been
proposed to be nucleated by the covalent modification of histone tails and the
subsequent establishment of chromosomal subdomains by non-histone modifier
factors.... |
What is smFISH? | smFISH (Single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization) allows for quantitative imaging of single RNA molecules. Multi-color, single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) is particularly useful since it enables analysis of several different transcripts simultaneously. Combining smFISH with immunofluo... | Author information:
(1)1] Verna &Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. [2] Center for the Physics of
Living Cells, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
[3] Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice Universit... |
Which are the bioinformatics tools for gene structure prediction?
| The in silico prediction of the complete structure of genes is one of the main challenges of bioinformatics. A critical part in the gene structure prediction is to identify the boundaries between exons and introns (i.e. splice sites) in the coding region. Several advanced bioinformatics tools have been developed for th... | Here we describe a tool to analyze molecular sequences utilizing the internet
and existing computational resources for molecular biology. The computer program
SeqHelp organizes information from database searches, gene structure prediction,
and other information to generate multiply aligned, hypertext-linked reports ... |
Which is the major phytoalexin in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)? | The major phytoalexin in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the isoflavonoid (-)-medicarpin (or 6aR, 11aR)-medicarpin. Medicarpin is synthesized via the isoflavonoid branch of phenylpropanoid metabolism. | The major phytoalexin in alfalfa is the isoflavonoid (-)-medicarpin (or 6aR,
11aR)-medicarpin. Isoflavone reductase (IFR), the penultimate enzyme in
medicarpin biosynthesis, is responsible for introducing one of two chiral
centers in (-)-medicarpin. We have isolated a 1.18 kb alfalfa cDNA (pIFRalf1)
which, when exp... |
What is the correlation between SPARC expression and growth inhibition in human cancer? | Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a multi-faceted protein-modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. SPARC seems to act as a tumour suppressor, as it has been found that loss of SPARC accelerates the development of certain types of cancer, whereas its expression impairs tumor growth. Howev... | SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine)/BM40/Osteonectin is a
matricellular protein with multiple effects on cell behaviour. In vitro, its
major known functions are anti-adhesive and anti-proliferative, and it is
associated with tissue remodelling and cancer in vivo. SPARC is overexpressed in
many canc... |
Which syndrome is associated with mutations in the LYST gene? | Mutations in LYST, a gene encoding a putative lysosomal trafficking protein, cause Chédiak-Higashi syndrome (CHS), an autosomal recessive disorder typically characterized by infantile-onset hemophagocytic syndrome and immunodeficiency, and oculocutaneous albinism. A small number of reports of rare, attenuated forms of ... | Vesicular transport to and from the lysosome and late endosome is defective in
patients with Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) and in mutant beige (bg) mice. CHS
and bg cells have giant, perinuclear vesicles with characteristics of late
endosomes and lysosomes that arise from dysregulated homotypic fusion. CHS and
bg ... |
Has the presence of delayed enhancement been documented in athletes performing strenuous exercise? | There are contrasting literature data on the presence of delayed enhancement, as a sign of myocardial fibrosis, in healthy athletes. More studies are necessary to define the presence, incidence and severity, as well clinical and prognostic meaning, of delayed enhancement magnetic resonance in healthy athletes. | PURPOSE: To prospectively analyze the myocardial distribution of late gadolinium
enhancement (LGE) with delayed-enhancement cardiac magnetic resoce (MR)
imaging, to compare the prevalence of this distribution in nonprofessional male
marathon runners with that in asymptomatic control subjects, and to examine the
pro... |
How does dronedarone affect thyroid hormone signaling in the heart? | Dronedarone via its metabolite debutyldronedarone acts as a TRalpha(1)-selective inhibitor and selectively mimicks hypothyroidism.
Dronedarone decreases TRalpha 1 and beta 1 expression by about 50% in the right atrium (RA) while in the left ventricle, only TRbeta1 is found to be decreased. | The present study investigated the effects of dronedarone and amiodarone on
plasma thyroid hormones and the possible consequences on the response of the
heart to ischemia. Amiodarone (30 mg/kg/day per os) or dronedarone (30 mg/kg/day
per os) were administered for 2 weeks in normal and thyroxine-treated animals
(25 ... |
Name the factors required for selenoprotein synthesis in eukaryotes | eFSec, SBP2, SECp43, PSTK, Sec synthase (Sec S, SLA/LP), SPS2 (SelD), tRNASec, SECIS element, (L30), SPS1 | The patufet gene encodes the Drosophila melanogaster homologue of
selenophosphate synthetase, an enzyme required for selenoprotein synthesis, and
appears to have a role in cell proliferation. In this paper we analyse the
expression pattern of patufet during the development of imaginal discs and brain
as well as the... |
What are the functions of the ESCRT machinery? | The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) are needed for three distinct cellular functions in higher eukaryotes: (i) Multivesicular body formation for the degradation of transmembrane proteins in lysosomes, (ii) midbody abscission during cytokinesis and (iii) retroviral budding. | The ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery is known
to sort ubiquitinated transmembrane proteins into vesicles that bud into the
lumen of multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Although the ESCRTs themselves are
ubiquitinated they are excluded from the intraluminal vesicles and recycle back
to th... |
Which genes/proteins have been found to inhibit cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4)? | The p15(ink4b) and p16(ink4a) CDK4 inhibitor genes map within the chromosome band 9p21 region deleted frequently in various cancers.The Cdk4 inhibitor p18(Ink4c) is a tumor suppressor. Recent studies of Cyclin D1/Cdk4 have proposed that p21(Waf1/Cip1/Sdi1) plays a key role as a potent Cdk4 inhibitor. p27KIP1 is also a ... | The cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (cdk4) inhibitor (p16INK4/MTS1/CDKN2) gene has
been recently identified as a putative tumor suppressor gene because of the high
frequency of homozygous deletion observed in numerous human tumor cell lines,
including leukemias. However, results obtained from uncultured tumor samples
hav... |
What is the role of TRH in hypertension? | TRH gene overexpression induces hypertension in normal rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats have central TRH hyperactivity with increased TRH synthesis and release and an elevated TRH receptor number. TRH antisense treatment reduces hypertension.
central TRH participates in the hypertension induced by body weight g... | Centrally administered thyrotropin-releasing hormone exerts a well documented
hypertensive effect. In this study, the possible physiological role of
thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the central cardiovascular regulation was
evaluated in spontaneously hypertensive rats receiving long-term (8-14 days)
intracerebroven... |
Is triadin involved in cardiac function? | Yes, triadin is involved in the regulation of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. | OBJECTIVE: Ca2+ release from the cardiac junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
is regulated by a complex of proteins, including the ryanodine receptor (RyR),
calsequestrin (CSQ), junctin (JCN), and triadin 1 (TRD). Moreover, triadin 1
appears to anchor calsequestrin to the ryanodine receptor.
METHODS: To determine ... |
Which disorders are associated to mutated Hepcidin (HAMP)? | Juvenile hemochromatosis (JH) is the most severe form of heriditary hemochromatosis, usually caused by mutations in hemojuvelin (HJV) or hepcidin (HAMP). | Most hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) patients are homozygous for the C282Y
mutation of the HFE gene. Nevertheless, penetrance of the disease is very
variable. In some patients, penetrance can be mediated by concomitant mutations
in other iron master genes. We evaluated the clinical impact of hepcidin (HAMP)
and hem... |
Which protein is the main inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1)? | Inhibitor 1 (I-1) is a protein inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), a major eukaryotic Ser/Thr phosphatase. Nonphosphorylated I-1 is inactive, whereas phosphorylated I-1 is a potent PP1 inhibitor. | Protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 was purified from bovine adipose tissue. The
protein had an apparent molecular mass of 32 kDa by SDS/PAGE and a Stokes'
radius of 3.4 nm. It was phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase on a
threonyl residue; this phosphorylation was necessary for inhibition of protein
phospha... |
What is the role of NETs in systemic lupus erythematosus? | Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are released via a novel form of cell death called NETosis. NETs, consisting of a chromatin meshwork decorated with antimicrobial peptides, play an important role in the innate response to microbial infections. Clearance of NETs is impaired in a subset of patients with systemic lup... | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease
characterized by a breakdown of tolerance to nuclear antigens and the
development of immune complexes. Genomic approaches have shown that human SLE
leukocytes homogeneously express type I interferon (IFN)-induced and
neutrophil-related transcripts.... |
Which protein is required for Argonaute 2 recruitment to stress granules and P-bodies? | Hsp90 regulates the function of argonaute 2 and its recruitment to stress granules and P-bodies. | Argonaute proteins are effectors of RNA interference that function in the
context of cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complexes to regulate gene expression.
Processing bodies (PBs) and stress granules (SGs) are the two main types of
ribonucleoprotein complexes with which Argonautes are associated. Targeting of
Argonau... |
Is Mammaprint approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration? | Yes, Mammaprint has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. | How molecular biology can improve clinical management: the MammaPrint
experience. In the past 5 years, a number of commercialized multigene prognostic and
predictive tests have entered the complex and expanding landscape of breast
cancer companion diagnostics. These tests have used a variety of formats ranging
from... |
What is known as Von Hippel–Lindau disease or syndrome? | von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a rare, autosomal dominantly inherited multisystem disorder characterized by development of a variety of benign and malignant tumors, which are usually accompanied with cysts. The spectrum of clinical manifestations of the disease is broad and includes retinal and central nervous syst... | von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a hereditary cancer syndrome caused by germ
line mutation of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene (VHL). Tumors
observed in this disorder include retinal and central nervous system
hemangioblastomas, clear cell renal carcinomas and pheochromocytomas. The VHL
gene product, p... |
Is HER2 active only when it dimerizes? | Yes, HER2 activation is driven by the formation of various dimer complexes between members of this receptor family. | The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family plays an important role
in cell survival and proliferation, and is implicated in oncogenesis.
Overexpression of HER2 is associated with aggressive disease and poor prognosis.
Trastuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting HER2 and has proven
survival... |
Which pharmacogenetic test is available for abacavir? | The pharmacogenetic test recommended prior to abacavir administration is the HLA B*5701 genotyping. | OBJECTIVE: Abacavir, a human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)
nucleoside-analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor, causes severe
hypersensitivity in 4-8% of patients. HLA B*5701 is a known genetic risk factor
for abacavir hypersensitivity in Caucasians. Our aim was to confirm the presence
of this genetic factor in ... |
Are microRNA (miR) regulated through DNA methylation of their promoters? | Dysregulation of miRNA expression involved in cancer and Alzheimer's disease can be triggered by multiple mechanisms including aberrant DNA methylation of the miRNA gene promoter. Epigenetic dysregulation of tumor-suppressor miRNA genes by promoter DNA methylation has been implicated in human cancers, including multipl... | The cellular response to Nutlin-3, a small-molecule inhibitor of the p53
repressor MDM2, varies widely among human cancer-derived cell types. Whereas
HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells display sustained cell cycle arrest, BV173
leukemia cells undergo rapid apoptosis and other cell lines show an intermediate
response... |
Are nucleosomes positioned at DNA replication origins? | No, origins of replication occur in nucleosome-free regions in both budding yeast and Drosophila. Open chromatin domains, characterized by nucleosome depletion, are preferentially permissive for replication. | Circular duplex DNA containing the SV40 replication origin was assembled into
chromosomes in vitro with core histones and nucleosome assembly factor from HeLa
cells. Their ability to serve as a template for replication was examined by
incubating them with SV40 T antigen and HeLa cell extract. Nucleosome assembly
of... |
Which are the most under-represented oligonucleotides in higher eukaryote genomes? | The oligonucleotides containing the CG and TA dinucleotide are generally under-represented in higher eukaryote genomes | Strand-symmetric relative abundance functionals for di-, tri-, and
tetranucleotides are introduced and applied to sequences encompassing a broad
phylogenetic range to discern tendencies and anomalies in the occurrences of
these short oligonucleotides within and between genomic sequences. For
dinucleotides, TA is al... |
Does nimotuzumab improve survival of glioblastoma patients? | Yes. Nimotuzumab improves survival of adult and pediatric patients diagnosed with glioblastoma and with other high-grade gliomas. | Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) may improve the management of maligt gliomas. A
Phase I clinical trial was performed to evaluate, for the first time, the
toxicity and clinical effect of an intracavitary administration of a single dose
of Nimotuzumab (h-R3) labeled wit (188)Re. Nimotuzumab is a humanized monoclonal
antibod... |
List co-morbidities that may occur together with "Stiff man Syndrome" | SMS (Stiff man Syndrome) is is a rare disorder of the central nervous system of probable autoimmune origin and as such is associated with other autoimmune diseases, such as Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus . GAD-65 is a dominant auto-antigen that is found both in in stiff-man syndrome and insulin-dependent diabetes ... | Stiff-man syndrome is a rare disorder of the central nervous system of unknown
pathogenesis. We have previously reported the presence of autoantibodies against
glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in a patient with stiff-man syndrome,
epilepsy, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. GAD is an enzyme selectively
conc... |
Which mechanisms underlie adaptive mutagenesis (stationary-phase mutagenesis) in Bacillus subtilis? | Increased transcription levels potentiate adaptive mutagenesis. Central to stationary-phase mutagenesis in B. subtilis is the requirement for Mfd protein (transcription repair coupling factor). The B. subtilis' ability to accumulate chromosomal mutations under conditions of starvation is influenced by cell differentiat... | Postsynthesis mismatch repair is an important contributor to mutation avoidance
and genomic stability in bacteria, yeast, and humans. Regulation of its activity
would allow organisms to regulate their ability to evolve. That mismatch repair
might be down-regulated in stationary-phase Escherichia coli was suggested b... |
What personality traits can be evaluated with the Ten Item Personality Inventory. | The Ten Item Personality Inventory measures each of the five major facets of personality: openness, extroversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness and neuroticism. | In their definition of modern nursing, the Royal College of Nursing emphasizes
the importance of caring. However, there is little other than anecdotal evidence
that female qualified staff nurses are more caring and compassionate than
average individuals. A study was carried out to test, under scientific
conditions ... |
Which are the enzymes involved in the control of tubulin acetylation? | Acetyltransferase MEC-17, and deacetylases SIRT2 (Sirtuin 2), HDAC6 (histone deacetylase 6) and dTip60 are known to control the levels of tubulin acetylation. | It has been shown that Wallerian degeneration, an anterograde degeneration of
transected axons, is markedly delayed in a mutant mouse called slow Wallerian
degeneration (Wld(S)). These mice also show resistance to axonal degeneration
caused by microtubule depolymerizing drugs, suggesting that axonal microtubules
ar... |
Is there a relation between ANP and transcapillary albumin escape? | A possible role of ANP gene in conferring protection from nephropathy and microvascular damage in type 1 diabetes is present.
ANP infusion in healthy subjects caused a shift of plasma water and electrolytes from the circulation, with albumin escape as a secondary phenomenon | Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a cardiac hormone with natriuretic and
diuretic effects. To better define the ANP hormonal system in the nephrotic
syndrome, a condition associated with renal sodium retention, we undertook a
study of glomerular ANP receptors in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside-induced
nephrot... |
List all approved indications for Glivec | CML - blast crisis, in accelerated phase, and in chronic phase after interferon failure or intolerance. Glivec received orphan drug status from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Office of Orphan Products Development on January 31, 2001, and accelerated approval from the FDA for the above three indications on... | BACKGROUND: Imatinib (STI571 or Glivec, Novartis) is a new type of tyrosine
kinase inhibitor that selectively inhibits various tyrosine kinases including
ABL, BCR-ABL, KIT and PDGF receptors.
IMATINIB IN CML: Earlier studies have shown that Imatinib is highly effective in
the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (C... |
Which proteins induce inhibition of LINE-1 and Alu retrotransposition? | It was demonstrated that antiretroviral restriction factors, human APOBEC3 proteins A to H, differentially inhibit LINE-1 and Alu retrotransposition. The same effect was shown to be induced by the Aicardi-Goutières syndrome gene product SAMHD1. | The non-LTR retrotransposon LINE-1 (L1) comprises approximately 17% of the human
genome, and the L1-encoded proteins can function in trans to mediate the
retrotransposition of non-autonomous retrotransposons (i.e., Alu and probably
SVA elements) and cellular mRNAs to generate processed pseudogenes. Here, we
have ex... |
Can chronological age be predicted by measuring telomere length? | No, telomere length measurement by real-time quantitative PCR cannot be used to predict age of a person, due to the presence of large inter-individual variations in telomere lengths. | Currently DNA profiling methods only compare a suspect's DNA with DNA left at
the crime scene. When there is no suspect, it would be useful for the police to
be able to predict what the person of interest looks like by analysing the DNA
left behind in a crime scene. Determination of the age of the suspect is an
imp... |
What is a benefit of being g6PD-deficient? | Increased resistance to malaria, reduces the risk of coronary diseases, beneficial effect in terms of longevity | Per cent stimulation of GR activity by FAD in vitro and PNP oxidase activity
were measured in G6PD deficiency, heterozygous beta-thalassaemia and controls.
It is confirmed that, in contrast to the high stimulation of GR by FAD commonly
found in in thalassaemia indicating red-cell deficiency of FAD, and shown here
t... |
Describe the usefulness of Macrostomum lignano in ion channel and stem cell research | Bioelectrical signals generated by ion channels play crucial roles in many cellular processes in both excitable and nonexcitable cells. Some ion channels are directly implemented in chemical signaling pathways, the others are involved in regulation of cytoplasmic or vesicular ion concentrations, pH, cell volume, and me... | Bioelectrical signals generated by ion channels play crucial roles in many
cellular processes in both excitable and nonexcitable cells. Some ion channels
are directly implemented in chemical signaling pathways, the others are involved
in regulation of cytoplasmic or vesicular ion concentrations, pH, cell volume,
an... |
Is there an association between c-reactive protein concentrations and outcomes of subarachnoid hemorrhage patients? | Yes. Higher concentrations of C-reactive protein are associated with worse outcomes of subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. | Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) elicits an inflammatory response in the
subarachnoid space, which is mediated by the release of various cytokines. To
assess their involvement in post-hemorrhagic complications, we determined the
source and time-course of the release of inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase
proteins i... |
Which drug is benserazide usually co-administered with? | Co-administration of L-Dopa with carbidopa or benserazide is the most effective symptomatic treatment for Parkinson Disease (PD). | The effect of levodopa (L-dopa), alone or in combination with a peripheral
decarboxylase inhibitor (PDI), on plasma levels of aromatic-L-amino acid
decarboxylase (ALAAD, = dopa decarboxylase), L-dopa, 3-O-methyl-dopa (3-OMD),
dopamine (DA), noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine beta-hydroxylase has been
studied. I... |
What is the inheritance pattern of Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT) caused by RYR2 mutations? | Autosomal dominant catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) was mapped to chromosome 1q42-43 with identification of pathogenic mutations in RYR2. | Ryanodine receptor (RyR), a homotetrameric Ca2+ release channel, is one of the
main actors in the generation of Ca2+ signals that trigger muscle contraction.
Three genes encode three isoforms of RyRs, which have tissue-restricted
distribution. RyR1 and RyR2 are typical of muscle cells, with RyR1 originally
consider... |
What is the INSURE procedure in premature babies. | The INSURE procedure includes intubation, surfactant administration, and extubation (InSurE). It is used to treat respiratory distress syndrome in newborns. | Forty-five patients with aneurysms of the anterior cerebral artery distal to the
anterior communicating artery were operated on by a direct approach method in
the years 1960-1973. The incidence of aneurysms in this location was 4.8% of the
total 1,000 aneurysms. It is of upmost importance in the treatment of aneurys... |
Which are the available biomedical text mining tools for the detection of protein-protein interactions? | Protein-protein interactions (PPI) can be extracted from biomedical literature using text mining approaches. These approaches have been classified into two categories, the statistical calculation of the co-occurrence of proteins and the computational linguistic method. Moreover, bioinformatics methods based on sequence... | BACKGROUND: The rapid publication of important research in the biomedical
literature makes it increasingly difficult for researchers to keep current with
significant work in their area of interest.
RESULTS: This paper reports a scalable method for the discovery of
protein-protein interactions in Medline abstracts, u... |
How thyrocyte destruction is induced in autoimmune thyroiditis? | Thyrocytes from Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) glands, but not from nonautoimmune thyroids, expressed Fas (CD95), therefore autonomous interaction between thyrocyte Fas (CD95) and FasL (CD95L) has been proposed as a major mechanism of thyrocyte depletion in HT. Moreover, experimental evidence has showed that Infiltrating... | Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a chronic autoimmune disease resulting from
Fas-mediated thyrocyte destruction. Although autocrine/paracrine Fas-Fas ligand
(FasL) interaction is responsible for thyrocyte cell death during the active
phases of HT, the role of infiltrating T lymphocytes (ITL) in this process is
still... |
Do A-type lamins bind euchromatin or heterochromatin? | These data reveal that the domain encoded by exon 9 is important to maintain telomere homeostasis and heterochromatin structure but does not play a role in DNA repair, thus pointing to other exons in the lamin A tail as responsible for the genomic instability phenotype in Lmna(Δ8-11/Δ8-11) mice | Certain DNA binding proteins are thought to organize the mammalian genome into
distinct 3 dimensional structures, each characteristic of a given differentiated
state. Autoantibodies to 2 types of DNA binding protein complexes, the nuclear
lamina and p70/p80 (Ku), were identified in sera of patients with collagen
va... |
Which is the most abundant membrane protein on Earth? | LHCII, the largest plant photosynthetic pigment-protein complex of photosystem II, is a most abundant membrane protein in living organisms and comprises approximately half of the pool of chlorophyll molecules in the biosphere. | Many factors trigger the degradation of proteins, including changes in
environmental conditions, genetic mutations, and limitations in the availability
of cofactors. Despite the importance for viability, still very little is known
about protein degradation and its regulation. The degradation of the most
abundant me... |
Can RNASeq be used for the analysis of nascent transcripts? | Efficient cellular fractionation improves RNA sequencing analysis of mature and nascent transcripts from human tissues. Here we show that RNA-seq can also be used for studying nascent RNAs undergoing transcription. We utilize nascent RNA sequencing to document dosage compensation during transcriptional elongation. | During the late stage of adenovirus 2 infection, RNA chains are initiated at a
site near coordinate 16 (Evans et al., 1977) and transcribed approximately
30,000 nucleotides to the far end of the genome at coordinate 100. Late mRNAs
processed from these transcripts contain a common spliced tripartite leader
(Berget,... |
Do RNA:DNA hybrids preferentially form in high or low GC regions? | Transcription through a GC-rich region favors R-loop formation, with the nascent (G-rich) RNA forming a stable RNA:DNA hybrid with the template DNA strand. | Cloned human apo-C-II cDNA was used as a hybridization probe to identify the
human apo-C-II gene in a genomic library constructed in our laboratory. The
isolated apo-C-II DNA was studied both by electron microscopy and by direct
sequence analysis. Ultrastructural morphological analysis of RNA-DNA hybrids
revealed t... |
Which are the most commonly reported pathological states associated with the formation of DNA G-quadruplexes? | There is a growing recognition for the profound role of G-quadruplexes in a wide spectrum of diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) were recently shown to be caused by expansion of a (GGGGCC)n/(GGCCCC)n repeat in the C9ORF72 g... | Telomerase, the ribonucleoprotein enzyme maintaining the telomeres of eukaryotic
chromosomes, is up-regulated in the vast majority of human neoplasias but not in
normal somatic tissues. Therefore, the telomerase complex represents a promising
universal therapeutic target in cancer. Telomeric G-rich single-stranded D... |
Are shadow enhancers associated with development? | Yes. Critical developmental control genes sometimes contain shadow enhancers that can be located in remote positions, including the introns of neighboring genes | Genes include cis-regulatory regions that contain transcriptional enhancers.
Recent reports have shown that developmental genes often possess multiple
discrete enhancer modules that drive transcription in similar spatio-temporal
patterns: primary enhancers located near the basal promoter and secondary, or
'shadow',... |
Does prudent diet reduce cardiovascular risk? | a high adherence to prudent diet is associated with reduced risk of CVD. The adherence to prudent diet was associated to a 28% lower risk of cardiovascular mortality and a 17% lower risk of all-cause mortality in a large cohort of healthy women | BACKGROUND: Although substantial information on individual nutrients or foods
and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) is available, little is known about the
role of overall eating pattern.
METHODS: Using dietary information from a food frequency questionnaire in 1984
from the Nurses' Health Study, we conducted fac... |
Is Crohn's disease (CD) linked to the consumption of refrigerated food? | All findings point to refrigeration as a potential risk factor for Crohn's disease. Environmental risk factors playing a causative role in Crohn's Disease (CD) remain largely unknown. Recently, it has been suggested that refrigerated food could be involved in disease development. Patients were exposed earlier than cont... | Mice were inoculated with human sarcoid tissue homogenates or with a first or a
second passage homogenate of mouse tissue (including 0.2 mum membrane filtrates)
originating from the inoculation of human sarcoid, Crohn's disease, or control
tissue homogenates. Epithelioid and giant cell granulomas were present in the... |
Which drugs are included in TAS-102? | TAS-102 is a novel oral nucleoside antitumor agent consisting of trifluridine and tipiracil hydrochloride at a molar ratio of 1:0.5. | TAS-102 is a novel oral nucleoside antitumor agent containing trifluridine (FTD)
and tipiracil hydrochloride (TPI). The compound improves overall survival of
colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who are insensitive to standard chemotherapies.
FTD possesses direct antitumor activity since it inhibits thymidylate synthase... |
What is the most probable defect underlying triple negative breast cancer? | The most probable defect underlying triple negative breast cancer is BRCA1 dysfunction. | BACKGROUND: We have previously reported an array comparative genomic
hybridization profile that identifies triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC),
with BRCA1 dysfunction and a high sensitivity to intensified dose bifunctional
alkylating agents. To determine the effect of conventional-dose chemotherapy in
patients wi... |
What causes erucism? | Erucism is defined as urtication by Lepidoptera larvae. It is a skin reaction to envenomation from certain poisonous caterpillar bristles. The hair on the dorsum of the last instar larvae of the moth may cause urticarial reactions (erucism) as well as eye problems and temporary blindness. | A scanning electron microscope study has enabled an explanation as to why the
brown-tail moth provokes Lepidopterism. The brown-tail moth only provokes
Lepidopterism via a transmission of the urticating hairs of its caterpillar.
Urticating moths (genus Hylesia and Anaphae) protect their eggs and young
caterpillars ... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.