question stringlengths 13 215 | ground_truth stringlengths 2 3.15k | context stringlengths 0 157k |
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How does Hst5 (histatin 5) affect infections by Candida glabrata? | Human salivary histatins, including histatin 5 (Hst 5), are small cationic proteins that are the major source of fungicidal activity of saliva | The incidence of disseminated candidiasis is increasing. Liver involvement is
frequent but rarely diagnosed. The authors report a case of disseminated
candidiasis due to Candida glabrata with liver metastases. The presence of
hepatic lesions was diagnosed by CT scan and parasitological examination of
liver abscess ... |
Which enzyme is deficient in Krabbe disease? | Galactocerebrosidase is an enzyme that is deficient in Krabbe disease (also known as globoid-cell leukodystrophy). This leads to accumulation of psychosine (galactosylsphingosine) primarily in oligodendrocytes. | Galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase cross reacting material was demonstrated
in brain, liver, and skin fibroblasts from patients with Krabbe disease. The
mutant enzyme was antigenically identical to the normal enzyme and exhibited
similar electrophoretic mobility. Normal quantities of the catalytically
deficient ... |
Are there Conserved Noncoding Elements (CNEs) in plant genomes? | The detailed view of conservation across angiosperms revealed not only high coding-sequence conservation but also a large set of previously uncharacterized intergenic conservation. Grass genes have dramatically fewer and much smaller CNSs than mammalian genes. Using an alignment-free information-retrieval approach, we ... | Surveys for conserved noncoding sequences (CNS) among genes from monocot cereal
species were conducted to assess the general properties of CNS in grass genomes
and their correlation with known promoter regulatory elements. Initial
comparisons of 11 orthologous maize-rice gene pairs found that previously
defined reg... |
Which is the localization of the RIFIN family of proteins? | Plasmodium falciparum rifin proteins are mainly surface-expressed. Data has shown that while A-type RIFINs were found to be associated with the parasite and transported to the surface of infected erythrocytes via Maurer's clefts, B-type RIFINs appeared to be mostly retained inside the parasite. | Plasmodium falciparum rifin proteins, belonging to the largest known family of
variable infected-erythrocyte surface-expressed proteins encoded by rif genes,
were recently shown to be capable of inducing a strong immune response in P.
falciparum-infected adults living in an area in Gabon where malaria is endemic.
I... |
What are the current treatments for generalised anxiety disorder in teenagers? | Cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) - both in individual and in group treatment
Randomised, placebo controlled trials have found Sertraline efficacious for GAD in adults, children and adolescents.
While both CBT and SSRIs are beneficial, some evidence suggests that the effects of CBT may be more long lasting. | OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a school-based group
cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) for anxiety disorders with African-American
adolescents.
METHOD: Twelve adolescents (mean age = 15.6 years) with anxiety disorders were
randomly assigned to CBT (n = 6) or a group attention-support c... |
Can tetracycline affect tooth formation? | Tetracycline is incorporated in the teeth during their formation and leads to their permanent staining. A definite relationship between total dosage and staining and duration of administration and staining was established; the condition occurred with greater frequency (in more than one-third of the children) when the t... | Twenty-four hours after a tetracycline injection, the unimpeded, and more
rapidly erupting, mouse mandibular incisor contained 20% to 44% more
tetracycline than the contralateral, uncut incisor. It was concluded that the
increased tetracycline incorporation reflected a higher rate of mineralization
associated with ... |
Is there any genetic determinant of hair pigmentation that could be useful in forensic analyses? | Yes, there are at least 12 genes associated with human hair color variation such as: TYR, TYRP1, OCA2, SLC45A2, SLC24A5, MC1R, ASIP and KITLG. | We describe a minisequencing protocol for screening DNA samples for the presence
of 12 mutations in the human melanocortin 1 receptor gene (MC1R), eight of which
are associated with the red hair phenotype. A minisequencing profile which shows
homozygosity for one of these mutations or the presence of two different
... |
What is the suggested clinical management of Fanconi anemia? | Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only proven cure for the hematopoietic manifestations of FA and aggressive lifelong surveillance for solid tumors is essential.In patients with FA, there is a high incidence of aggressive HNSCC at a young age. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment because patients with... | BACKGROUND: Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder
characterized by a high degree of genomic instability and predisposition to
cancer development. Recent evidence suggests that the incidence of head and neck
squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) may be increased in patients with FA.
OBJECTIVE: To deter... |
Could Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT) cause sudden cardiac death? | Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is an inherited arrhythmogenic disease that can cause sudden cardiac death. | Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling occurs by a calcium ion-mediated
mechanism in which the signal of action potential is converted into Ca2+ influx
into the cardiomyocytes through the sarcolemmal L-type calcium channels. This is
followed by Ca2+-induced release of additional Ca2+ ions from the lumen of the
sar... |
Does Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) have anti-inflammatory activity? | Yes. ApoE has anti-inflammatory activity | PAF and PAF-like oxidized phospholipids hydrolysed by platelet-activating factor
(PAF) acetylhydrolase (AH) are potent lipid mediators involved in inflammation
and atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein (apo) E-containing high-density lipoprotein
(HDL) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties. The... |
Which drugs acting via bradykinin system are effective for treatment of ACE-inhibitor-induced angioedema? | Icatibant and ecallantide are medication acting via bradykinin system that are used for treatment of ACE-inhibitor-induced angioedema. | Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the catalysis of
angiotensin I to angiotensin II and also the breakdown of bradykinin. ACE
inhibitor-induced angioedema is mediated by inhibited bradykinin degradation
leading to enhanced bradykinin plasma levels. The efficacy of currently used
standard treatment... |
Is the ACE inhibitor indicated for lung cancer treatment? | No, the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are used widely as antihypertensive agents. On the contrary, it has been suggested that they decrease the risk of some cancers, although available data are conflicting. One study proposes that captopril could be a promising option for the treatment of lung cancer. ... | PURPOSE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been shown to
mitigate radiation-induced lung injury in preclinical models. The aim of this
study was to evaluate whether ACE inhibitors decrease the risk of radiation
pneumonitis in lung cancer patients receiving thoracic irradiation.
METHODS AND MATERIAL... |
Which forms of cancer is the Tpl2 gene associated with? | Tpl2/Map3K8, also known as tumor progression locus 2 has been identified as an oncogene, its mutation or overexpression is reported in a variety of human cancers. Types of cancer associated with Tpl2 include skin and epithelial cancers, ADI prostate cancer, gastric and colon adenocarcinomas, colitis-associated cancer (... | BACKGROUND: Despite its initial positive response to hormone ablation therapy,
prostate cancers invariably recur in more aggressive, treatment resistant forms.
The lack of our understanding of underlying genetic alterations for the
transition from androgen-dependent (AD) to ADI prostate cancer growth hampers
our ab... |
What are the indications for hydrochlorothiazide? | Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic, often used in combination with others. Hydrochlorothiazide are used to treat hypertension. Hydrochlorothiazide has been shown to decrease diastolic blood pressure. | BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) places a significant burden on
healthcare providers. High blood pressure (BP) is the single most prevalent risk
factor for CVD worldwide and is responsible for more deaths than any other risk
factor. 'Cardiovascular (CV) high-risk patients' make up the broad cross-section
of... |
Are genes symmetrically distributed between leading and lagging DNA strand in bacteria? | In most bacteria, genes are preferentially encoded on the leading strand than on the lagging strand. This avoids the potentially detrimental head-on collisions that occur between the replication and transcription machineries when genes are encoded on the lagging strand. Head-on collisions are more deleterious than codi... | We have elaborated a method which has allowed us to estimate the direction of
translocation of orthologs which have changed, during the phylogeny, their
positions on chromosome in respect to the leading or lagging role of DNA
strands. We have shown that the relative number of translocations which have
switched posi... |
What hand deformities do patients with Apert syndrome present with? | In patients with Apert syndrome, the hands demonstrate many disturbances of soft tissue and bony structures. These include a short thumb with radial clinodactyly, complex syndactyly with a bony fusion involving the index, long and ring fingers, symphalangism and simple syndactyly of the fourth web space. The soft tissu... | A material of 89 cases of upper extremity deformities, among the 3225 cleft
patients born during the period 1950-75, and treated in the Finnish Red Cross
Cleft Centre is presented. About two-thirds of the patients had an isolated
cleft palate--half of the male and nearly all of the female patients. The
percentage o... |
Is c-myc subject to regulation by the circadian clock? | Yes, the expression of c-myc is regulated by the circadian clock protein Per2. | Period (Per) genes are key circadian rhythm regulators in mammals. Expression of
mouse Per (mPer) genes has a diurnal pattern in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and
in peripheral tissues. Genetic ablation mPER1 and mPER2 function results in a
complete loss of circadian rhythm control based on wheel-running activity in
... |
What disease is Velcade (bortezomib) mainly used for? | Velcade (bortezomid), a proteasome inhibitor drug indicated for multiple myeloma (MM) treatment. Velcade is also approved for the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma. | Proteasome inhibitors, a novel class of chemotherapeutic agents, enhance the
antitumor efficacy of anthracyclines in vitro and in vivo. We therefore sought
to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities of
bortezomib and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PegLD). Bortezomib was given on
da... |
Which genes are thought to be involved in medulloblastoma development? | Medulloblastomas are the most frequent malignant brain tumors affecting children. Disease development has been suggested to be associated with a significant number of genes, such as PTCH1, SUFU, PTEN, CREBBP, PTEN, MYT1L, NFIA, NFIB, TEAD1, TGIF2, IGF2, PCDH10, BMI1, MYC, OTX2, RASSF1A, HIC1, and CASP8. | Epigenetic inactivation of the RASSF1A tumor suppressor gene (TSG) at chromosome
3p21.3 was examined in medulloblastoma, the most common maligt brain tumor of
childhood. Seventy-nine % (27 of 34) of primary tumors and 100% (8 of 8) of
medulloblastoma cell lines displayed extensive tumor-specific DNA
hypermethylatio... |
What is the prevalence of short QT syndrome? | The prevalence of short QT syndrome is low and varies between 0.01% and 0.1% | BACKGROUND: Long QT syndrome causes ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden
death. Recently, a short QT interval has also been shown to be associated with
an increased risk of tachyarrhythmia and sudden death. However, the prevalence
of short QT syndrome is not well-known.
HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to as... |
Which sports have a risk for commotio cordis? | Participation in sports such as baseball, football, soccer, cricket, hockey and lacrosse has a risk for commotio cordis. | BACKGROUND: Sudden death from cardiac arrest in a young person may occur during
sports play after a blunt blow to the chest in the absence of structural
cardiovascular disease or traumatic injury (cardiac concussion or commotio
cordis). We studied the clinical features of this apparently uncommon but
important phen... |
is there an increase in ultrasound comets after intense exercise? | Strenuous exercise and exercise perfomed in extreme conditions provoke increase in interstitial pulmonary water content as shown by the increased number of ultrasuond comets | Can ultrasound be of any help in the diagnosis of alveolar-interstitial
syndrome? In a prospective study, we examined 250 consecutive patients in a
medical intensive care unit: 121 patients with radiologic alveolar-interstitial
syndrome (disseminated to the whole lung, n = 92; localized, n = 29) and 129
patients wi... |
Describe Hot water reflex epilepsy. | Hot water epilepsy (HWE) refers to a specific type of reflex epilepsy precipitated by the stimulus of bathing in hot water. Pathogenesis is still unknown and temporal lobe has been thought to take part in the epileptogenesis. HWE can be symptomatic of focal cortical malformation, and few cases were reported. Intermitte... | A patient with reflex epilepsy is described, in whom seizures were induced by
bathing in hot water. The literature is reviewed. "Hot water epilepsy" (HWE), precipitated by a bath or shower in hot water, has
been described infrequently in the literature. We report 279 cases of HWE that
were seen between 1980 to 1983 ... |
What are the breath test biomarkers of pulmonary tuberculosis | Nitric oxide, urea, volatile organic compounds, hydrogen peroxide and end products of lipid peroxidation are the breath test biomarkers of pulmonary tuberculosis. | Tuberculosis and sarcoidosis represent the granulomatous diseases. The aim of
the study was to compare the markers of oxidative stress: in exhaled breath
condensate (EBC) and in serum of patients with tuberculosis and sarcoidosis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: 19 patients with active lung tuberculosis and 15 patients
with s... |
What types of DNA mutations are induced by 2-hydroxy-dATP (2-OH-dATP)? | 2-hydroxy-dATP mainly elicits G:C --> A:T transitions, and, to a lesser extent, G:C --> T:A transversions The induction of G:C --> T:A transversions by 2-OH-dATP indicates the formation of G*2-OH-dATP pairs. 2-OH-dATP also induces tandem (CC --> TT) mutations. Altogether, 2-OH-dATP induces both transition and transvert... | We found that hydroxylation occurs at the C-2 position of adenine by oxygen
radical treatment (Fe2+-EDTA) of dA, dATP, and single- and double-stranded DNA.
This oxidatively damaged base, 2-hydroxyadenine, was produced 3-6-fold and
40-fold less than 8-hydroxyguanine when monomers and polynucleotides,
respectively, w... |
Which diseases can be treated with Afamelanotide? | Afamelanotide was ivestigated for treatment of erythropoietic protoporphyria, vitiligo, Hailey-Hailey disease, acne vulgaris, polymorphic light eruption, prevention of actinic keratoses in organ transplant recipients and nonmelanoma skin cancer. | Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most frequent types of
cancer in the United States and represent 75 percent and 20 percent,
respectively, of all nonmelanoma skin cancers. Since ultraviolet radiation is
implicated in their development, photoprotection is fundamental in their
prevention. Addi... |
Which is the mechanism used by bacteria to induce tumors in Arabidopsis? | The bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens infects Arabidopsis, as well as other plants, and induces the formation of tumors by integrating the transferred-DNA (T-DNA) region of the Ti-plasmid into the plant nuclear genome. | We show that among ecotypes of Arabidopsis, there is considerable variation in
their susceptibility to crown gall disease. Differences in susceptibility are
heritable and, in one ecotype, segregate as a single major contributing locus.
In several ecotypes, recalcitrance to tumorigenesis results from decreased
bindi... |
Can cffDNA be used for non-invasive testing? | Yes, cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) has made non-invasive prenatal testing possible. | Analysis of cell free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in maternal plasma provides the
opportunity for reliable, timely, safe and cost-effective diagnosis of single
gene disorders. The detection of certain fetal loci using cffDNA and
conventional molecular analytic approaches is possible from 4 weeks gestation.
To date, non-inva... |
List features of the Perry syndrome. | Perry syndrome is a familial parkinsonism associated with central hypoventilation, mental depression, and weight loss. | Perry syndrome consists of early-onset parkinsonism, depression, severe weight
loss and hypoventilation, with brain pathology characterized by TDP-43
immunostaining. We carried out genome-wide linkage analysis and identified five
disease-segregating mutations affecting the CAP-Gly domain of dynactin (encoded
by DCT... |
Which is the main calcium binding protein of the sarcoplasmic reticulum? | Calsequestrin is the major calcium-binding protein of cardiac and skeletal muscles whose function is to sequester Ca(2+ )in the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). | Calsequestrin is a calcium-binding protein known to sequester calcium
accumulated in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of muscle cells during
relaxation. In the present study, we used affinity-purified antibodies to
chicken cardiac calsequestrin to identify a 60,000-Da calsequestrin in frog
myocardium. Like previousl... |
Is the UGT1A1*28 polymorphism associated with irinotecan response in Caucasians? | Yes, it has been shown that the polymorphism UGT1A1*28 is associated with irinotecan response in Caucasians. | The uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 and 1A9 isoforms are
involved in the phase II biotransformation of the irinotecan metabolite, SN-38.
Recently, several variants in the UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 genes have been described
with altered functionality in vitro. The aim of this study was to evaluate the
... |
For which diseases members of the 2-aminobenzamide class of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors show promise as therapeutics? | Members of the 2-aminobenzamide class of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors show promise as therapeutics for the neurodegenerative diseases Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) and Huntington's disease (HD). | Various neurodegenerative diseases are associated with aberrant gene expression.
We recently identified a novel class of pimelic o-aminobenzamide histone
deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors that show promise as therapeutics in the
neurodegenerative diseases Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) and Huntington's disease
(HD). Here, ... |
Do U6-associated proteins Lsm4 and Lsm6 interact with SMN? | SMN interacts with at least two of the U6-associated Sm-like (Lsm) proteins, Lsm4 and Lsm6. | Arginine residues in RG-rich proteins are frequently dimethylated
posttranslationally by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). The most
common methylation pattern is asymmetrical dimethylation, a modification
important for protein shuttling and signal transduction. Symmetrically
dimethylated arginines (sDMA)... |
List anti-amyloid-beta monoclonal antibodies that have been investigated in clinical trials for treatment of Alzheimer disease. | Ponezumab, solanezumab and bapineuzumab are humanized antiamyloid beta (Aβ) monoclonal antibodies that have been designed for treatment of Alzheimer disease. | The deposition of amyloid beta (Abeta) protein is a key pathological feature in
Alzheimer's disease (AD). In murine models of AD, both active and passive
immunization against Abeta induce a marked reduction in amyloid brain burden and
an improvement in cognitive functions. Preliminary results of a prematurely
termi... |
Does MVIIA and MVIIC bind to the same calcium channel? | No, the omega-conotoxin MVIIC blocks P/Q-type calcium channels with high affinity and N-type calcium channels with low affinity, while the highly homologous omega-conotoxin MVIIA blocks only N-type calcium channels. | High-threshold voltage-sensitive calcium channels of the N-type, L-type, and
P-type have been distinguished in the mammalian CNS predomitly on the basis
of their sensitivity to selective antagonists. Matching them with genes
identified by molecular cloning is an ongoing undertaking. Whereas L-type
channels are char... |
What is the idea behind the fractal globule that has been proposed as a model of chromatin conformation in the nucleus of a cell? | The fractal globule is a compact polymer state that emerges during polymer condensation as a result of topological constraints which prevent one region of the chain from passing across another one. This long-lived intermediate state was introduced in 1988 (Grosberg et al. 1988) and has not been observed in experiments ... | We describe Hi-C, a method that probes the three-dimensional architecture of
whole genomes by coupling proximity-based ligation with massively parallel
sequencing. We constructed spatial proximity maps of the human genome with Hi-C
at a resolution of 1 megabase. These maps confirm the presence of chromosome
territo... |
Which anticancer drugs target human topoisomerase II? | Etoposide (VP-16) and Teniposide (VM-26) are effective as an anti-tumour drug by inhibiting eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase II via establishing a covalent complex with DNA. Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin and Aclarubicin are anthracyclins that act as DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors and may be used in combination. Benzoxazoles, ... | The effect of combinations of the anthracyclines aclarubicin and daunorubicin
was investigated in a clonogenic assay using the human small cell lung cancer
cell line OC-NYH and a multidrug-resistant (MDR) murine subline of Ehrlich
ascites tumor (EHR2/DNR+). It was found that the cytotoxicity of daunorubicin in
OC-N... |
What is SHAPE-Seq? | SHAPE-Seq is a high-throughput technique that can simultaneously measure quantitative, single nucleotide-resolution secondary and tertiary structural information for hundreds of RNA molecules of arbitrary sequence. SHAPE-Seq combines selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE) chemistry with mu... | New regulatory roles continue to emerge for both natural and engineered
noncoding RNAs, many of which have specific secondary and tertiary structures
essential to their function. Thus there is a growing need to develop
technologies that enable rapid characterization of structural features within
complex RNA populat... |
Which are the known inhibitors of the TPL2/MAP3K8 protein? | [1,7]naphthyridine-3-carbonitriles and quinoline-3-carbonitriles were the first Tumor Progression Loci-2 (Tpl2) kinase inhibitors. 4-alkylamino-[1,7]naphthyridine-3-carbonitriles are also known to inhibit Tpl2 function as well as quinoline-3-carbonitrile derivatives, thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines and 2,4-disubstituted thien... | The synthesis and structure-activity studies of a series of
6-substituted-4-anilino-[1,7]-naphthyridine-3-carbonitriles as inhibitors of
Tpl2 kinase are described. The early exploratory work described here may lead to
the discovery of compounds with significant therapeutic potential for treating
rheumatoid arthriti... |
What is the mode of inheritance in Fanconi anemia? | Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited syndrome with diverse clinical symptoms including developmental defects, short stature, bone marrow failure, and a high risk of malignancies. Fifteen genetic subtypes have been distinguished so far. The mode of inheritance for all subtypes is autosomal recessive, except for FA-B,... | The formal genetics of Fanconi's anemia were investigated on the basis of 21
families from different European countries, and of 69 families from the
literature.
CONCLUSIONS: 1. The result of segregation analysis is compatible with the
hypothesis of a simple autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. 2. The number of
... |
Describe the involvement of conserved noncoding sequences in the regulation of Hox genes. | Comparisons of noncoding sequences of the elephant shark and human Hox clusters have identified a large number of conserved noncoding elements (CNEs), which represent putative cis-regulatory elements that may be involved in the regulation of Hox genes. The b-paralogs of the duplicated fugu Hox clusters are virtually d... | Reconstructing the evolutionary history of Hox cluster origins will lead to
insights into the developmental and evolutionary significance of Hox gene
clusters in vertebrate phylogeny and to their role in the origins of various
vertebrate body plans. We have isolated two Hox clusters from the horn shark,
Heterodontu... |
Give an overview of visualizing genomes with oligopaint FISH probes. | Oligopaint probes are fluorescently labeled, single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides that can be used to visualize genomic regions ranging in size from tens of kilobases to many megabases. Coupled with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and a bioinformatic platform, this technology could be extended to any organism... | A host of observations demonstrating the relationship between nuclear
architecture and processes such as gene expression have led to a number of new
technologies for interrogating chromosome positioning. Whereas some of these
technologies reconstruct intermolecular interactions, others have enhanced our
ability to ... |
What is Targeted Chromatin Capture (T2C)? | Targeted Chromatin Capture (T2C) is an efficient, easy, and affordable with high (restriction fragment) resolution tool to address both genome compartmentalization and chromatin-interaction networks for specific genomic regions at high resolution for both clinical and non-clinical research. | To maintain genome function and stability, DNA sequence and its organization
into chromatin must be duplicated during cell division. Understanding how entire
chromosomes are copied remains a major challenge. Here, we use nascent chromatin
capture (NCC) to profile chromatin proteome dynamics during replication in hum... |
What are the reported adverse effects of topical minoxidil? | Typical side effects of this topical treatment include irritative dermatitis going along with pruritus, erythema, scaling and dryness, which occur especially at the onset of the therapy. In some cases, allergic contact dermatitis or exacerbation of seborrheic dermatitis has been reported.
Hypertrichosis is a well-recog... | Topical minoxidil, used in the treatment of baldness, has been commercially
available since 1987. Its systemic side effects are rare. We observed an as yet
unreported "polymyalgia syndrome" in four otherwise healthy males whose sole
medication was topically applied minoxidil. They experienced fatigue, weight
loss a... |
Is arimoclomol a co-inducer of the heat shock response? | Yes, arimoclomol is a hydroxylamine derivative, a group of compounds which have unique properties as co-inducers of heat shock protein expression, but only under conditions of cellular stress. | Arimoclomol is an investigational drug for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
that amplifies heat shock protein gene expression during cell stress. The
objectives of the present study were to assess the safety, tolerability, and
pharmacokinetics of arimoclomol in ALS. Eighty-four participants with ALS
received ari... |
What memory problems are reported in the " Gulf war syndrome" | memory loss | BACKGROUND: Numerous questions have been raised about the health consequences to
veterans of the Gulf War but most particularly to issues concerning women, who
were deployed in unprecedented numbers. Little is known about the health
consequences to women of wartime stressors, in general, or the environmental and
jo... |
Describe Heyde syndrome. | Classical Heyde syndrome is described as the association of aortic stenosis, bleeding gastrointestinal angiodysplasia and secondary anemia. A deficiency of high molecular weight multimers of von Willebrand factor (type 2A von Willebrand disease) provides the link between this association. | The association between aortic stenosis and digestive angiodysplasia has been
described for the first time by Heyde in 1958. This entity is thus known as
Heyde's syndrome. In many instances, the recurrent small intestinal bleeding
originating from angiodysplasia stopped after aortic valve replacement. We
report two... |
Has silicon been used in treatment of incontinence ? | Yes | Objective: This study was undertaken in order to determine if the "Femassist"
device is a safe and effective treatment for women with the diagnosis of urinary
incontinence.Methods: The Femassist is a medical-grade silicon dome-shaped
device, worn over the urethra and held securely via suction and a commercially
ava... |
Which proteins compose the error prevention GO (8-oxo-G) system in Pseudomonas putida? | In P. putida (Pseudomonas putida) the error prevention GO (8-oxo-G) system is composed of MutY, MutM, and MutT enzymes. | |
List five applications of machine learning algorithms in medical diagnosis. | Machine learning technology is well suited for the induction of diagnostic and prognostic rules and solving of small and specialized diagnostic and prognostic problems. The medical diagnostic knowledge can be automatically derived from the description of cases solved in the past. In several medical domains we actually ... | BACKGROUND: The use of mass spectrometry as a proteomics tool is poised to
revolutionize early disease diagnosis and biomarker identification.
Unfortunately, before standard supervised classification algorithms can be
employed, the "curse of dimensionality" needs to be solved. Due to the sheer
amount of information... |
Does the 3D structure of the genome remain stable during cell differentiation? | Many studies have suggested a link between the spatial organization of genomes and fundamental biological processes such as genome reprogramming, gene expression, and differentiation. The open chromatin of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) condenses into repressive heterochromatin as cells exit the pluripotent state. The rel... | The spatial organization of the genome is intimately linked to its biological
function, yet our understanding of higher order genomic structure is coarse,
fragmented and incomplete. In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, interphase
chromosomes occupy distinct chromosome territories, and numerous models have
been propo... |
What is the main biological function of the CRISPR-CAS9 genome editing system? | The CRISPR/Cas9 system (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated) has recently emerged as an efficient and simple tool for site-specific engineering of eukaryotic genomes. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has attracted significant attention for its potential to transform genome engineering. It ... | Mice carrying mutations in multiple genes are traditionally generated by
sequential recombination in embryonic stem cells and/or time-consuming
intercrossing of mice with a single mutation. The CRISPR/Cas system has been
adapted as an efficient gene-targeting technology with the potential for
multiplexed genome edi... |
Does dronedarone affect T3 and T4 levels? | NO. | The present study investigated the effects of dronedarone and amiodarone on
plasma thyroid hormones and the possible consequences on the response of the
heart to ischemia. Amiodarone (30 mg/kg/day per os) or dronedarone (30 mg/kg/day
per os) were administered for 2 weeks in normal and thyroxine-treated animals
(25 ... |
What is 2d 4d ratio in athletes. | Lower 2D:4D ratio was reported to be lower in handball players, kabaddi players, varsity athletes, football players, soccer players and rugby players. Low 2D:4D ratio correlates with better performance and with enhanced sporting prowess, particularly with regard to activities requiring endurance and dependent upon slo... | Contests in the animal world to determine social status almost exclusively
involve males, which points out that androgens may be indispensable in the
development of competitive instincts. In animal studies, it has been shown that
prenatal exposure to androgens may produce permanent changes toward more
aggressive be... |
What is the association between moon cycle and rupture risk of intracranial aneurysms? | The lunar cycle seems to affect the incidence of intracranial aneurysm rupture, with the new moon being associated with an increased risk of aneurysmal SAH. | OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of the lunar cycle and season on the incidence
of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
PATIENTS AND METHODS: The medical records of 111 patients who were admitted over
a 5-year period to our department because of aneurysmal SAH were retrospectively
reviewed. The date of aneurysm... |
What is the role of brain natriuretic peptide in traumatic brain injury patients ? | Brain natriuretic peptide concentrations are elevated in patients with traumatic brain during the acute phase and correlate with poor outcomes. In traumatic brain injury patients higher brain natriuretic peptide concentrations are associated with more extensive SAH, elevated ICP and hyponatremia. Brain natriuretic pep... | BACKGROUND: Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a potent natriuretic and
vasodilator factor which, by its systemic effects, can decrease cerebral blood
flow (CBF). In aneurysmal subarchnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), BNP plasma
concentrations were found to be associated with hyponatremia and were
progressively elevated in p... |
Which molecule is targeted by Daratumumab? | Daratumumab, an investigated anti-cancer drug targeting CD38, has been of great interest in the treatment of CD38-expressing malignancies, especially multiple myeloma. | BACKGROUND: In our efforts to develop novel effective treatment regimens for
multiple myeloma we evaluated the potential benefits of combining the
immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide with daratumumab. Daratumumab is a novel
human CD38 monoclonal antibody which kills CD38+ multiple myeloma cells via
antibody-dependen... |
Which mutation is associated with PLMS (periodic limb movements in sleep)? | missense substitution, Met1Val (M1V), was identified in the DCX gene | Mutations of the DCX gene (Xp22.3) cause X-linked lissencephaly in males and
double cortex syndrome (DCS) or subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) in females.
SBH is characterized by bilateral bands of grey matter interposed in the white
matter between the cortex and the lateral ventricles. The main clinical
manifesta... |
Which DNA repair system is involved in HNPCC? | In HNPCC families, germline mutations in any of four genes encoding proteins of a specialized DNA repair system, the mismatch repair, predispose to cancer development. | Lynch syndrome, or hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC), is an
autosomal-domit disease accounting for approximately 1-5% of all colorectal
cancer cases. Due to the lack of pathognomonic morphological or biomolecular
markers, HNPCC has traditionally posed unique problems to clinicians and
geneticists alike, ... |
Mention the only available genomics and developmental transcriptomics resource for the urochordate Oikopleura dioica | OikoBase (http://oikoarrays.biology.uiowa.edu/Oiko/) is a tiling array-based genome browser resource for Oikopleura dioica, a metazoan belonging to the urochordates, the closest extant group to vertebrates. OikoBase facilitates retrieval and mining of a variety of useful genomics information and will provide a valuable... | |
What is the association between NT-proBNP and cognitive function? | Greater NT-proBNP serum concentration is associated with poorer cognitive function and cognitive decline. In community-dwelling older adults, greater NT-proBNP levels were strongly associated with poor cognitive function independently from age, sex, education, hypertension, body mass index, exercise, alcohol use, smoki... | BACKGROUND: Serum N-terminal-pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is
regarded as a marker of vascular disease and has previously been shown to
exhibit an increased frequency of pathological values in elderly patients with
mental illness with vascular disease compared to patients without vascular
disease. Vascu... |
List functional roles of the FtsZ protein. | Four major roles of FtsZ have been characterized: cell elongation, GTPase, cell division, and bacterial cytoskeleton. | BACKGROUND: In Bacillus mycoides, as well as in other members of the B. cereus
group, the tubulin-like protein of the division septum FtsZ is encoded by the
distal gene of the cluster division and cell wall (dcw). Along the cluster the
genes coding for structural proteins of the division apparatus are intermingled
... |
Intetumumab has been tested in clinical trials for treatment of which cancers? | Intetumumab has been tested in clinical trials for treatment of prostate cancer, melanoma and angiosarcoma. | Clinical and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) information was analyzed to
determine: (a) patient-reported signs, symptoms, and functioning, (b) HRQoL
questionnaire psychometrics, and (c) treatment impact on HRQoL. Data from the
Melanoma Subscale (MS) of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Melanoma
and... |
Is there any evidence of dysregulated long non coding RNAs and Alzheimer's disease? | It is becoming increasingly evident that long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a role on neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer (AD). BACE1-AS, GDNFOS and 17A are examples of these lncRNAs. In some instances those lncRNAs are embedded or transcribed from the opposite strand of coding genes. | Alternative splicing is a central component of human brain complexity;
nonetheless, its regulatory mechanisms are still largely unclear. In this work,
we describe a novel non-coding (nc) RNA (named 17A) RNA polymerase (pol)
III-dependent embedded in the human G-protein-coupled receptor 51 gene (GPR51,
GABA B2 recep... |
Which hormone receptor function is altered in patients with Donohue syndrome? | Donohue syndrome (leprechaunism) is a rare, recessively inherited disorder of extreme insulin resistance due to mutations in the insulin receptor gene causing either defects in insulin binding or receptor autophosphorylation and tyrosine kinase activity. This syndrome is characterized by excessive hyperglycemia with hy... | OBJECTIVE/PATIENTS: Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome (RMS) is a rare, recessively
inherited disorder of extreme insulin resistance due to mutations in the insulin
receptor gene. We have identified a pair of siblings with RMS attributable to
compound heterozygosity for two insulin receptor mutations, one previously
unrepo... |
Does triiodothyronine (T3) has cardiac angiogenic effects? | T3-induced cardiac sprouting angiogenesis in adult hypothyroid mice was associated with PDGF-BB, PDGFR-β and downstream activation of Akt.
T(3) administration restored TRbeta mRNA expression level in AAC hearts to the control level.
TRbeta in the coronary ECs regulates capillary density during cardiac development, and ... | The effects of thyroxine-stimulated hypertrophy (TSH) were studied in the
porcine left ventricular myocardium. Hypertrophy was produced in six adult pigs
by administration of triiodothyronine (1 mg/kg; i.v.) for eight days. Six pigs
served as controls. The degree of hypertrophy, determined by left
ventricular-to-bo... |
Is the HRC Ser96Ala variant associated with sudden cardiac death in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy? | A human genetic variant (Ser96Ala) in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) histidine-rich Ca(2+)-binding (HRC) protein has been linked to ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death in dilated cardiomyopathy.The histidine-rich calcium binding protein (HRC) Ser96Ala polymorphism was shown to correlate with ventricular arrhythmia... | AIMS: To investigate whether genetic variants of the histidine-rich calcium
(HRC)-binding protein are associated with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
(DCM) and its progression.
METHODS AND RESULTS: We screened 123 idiopathic DCM patients and 96 healthy
individuals by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysi... |
Are BRAF mutations common in melanoma? | Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. The treatment of patients with advanced melanoma is rapidly evolving due to an improved understanding of molecular drivers of this disease. Somatic mutations in BRAF are the most common genetic alteration found in these tumors. BRAF mutations occur in approximately 8... | PURPOSE: Recently, it was reported that BRAF mutations are frequent in melanoma.
Previously, we analyzed a large series of paired primary and metastatic
melanomas for NRAS codon 61 mutations and showed that they arise early and are
preserved during tumor progression. Here, we have screened the same tumor
samples fo... |
Is it possible to determine the proteome of a formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue? | Yes, advances in sample preparation has enabled the proteomic analysis of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. | Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens comprise a potentially
valuable resource for retrospective biomarker discovery studies, and recent work
indicates the feasibility of using shotgun proteomics to characterize FFPE
tissue proteins. A critical question in the field is whether proteomes
character... |
What is known about type D personality trait in cancer patients? | Reported prevalence rates of type D personality ranges from 19% to 22% in patients with cancer. In patients with cancer, Type D personality is associated with poor quality of life and mental health. Cancer patients with a Type D personality as compared with non-Type D patients perceive that they receive less informatio... | OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of Type D personality (the
conjoint effects of negative affectivity and social inhibition) among melanoma
survivors and to obtain insight into its effects on health status, impact of
cancer and health care utilisation.
METHODS: We selected all patients diagnosed with... |
List available tools for genomic visualisation in comparative genomics | Insyght, Genomicus and Sockeye. | Comparative genomics techniques are used in bioinformatics analyses to identify
the structural and functional properties of DNA sequences. As the amount of
available sequence data steadily increases, the ability to perform large-scale
comparative analyses has become increasingly relevant. In addition, the growing
c... |
Which species may be used for the biotechnological production of itaconic acid? | In 1955, the production of itaconic acid was firstly described for Ustilago maydis. Some Aspergillus species, like A. itaconicus and A. terreus, show the ability to synthesize this organic acid and A. terreus can secrete significant amounts to the media. Itaconic acid is mainly supplied by biotechnological processes wi... | The continuous itaconic acid production from sucrose with Aspergillus terreus
TKK 200-5-3 mycelium immobilized on polyurethane foam cubes was optimized in
column bioreactors using statistical experimental design and empirical
modelling. The highest itaconic acid product concentration calculated on the
basis of the ... |
Which types of cancer can be recognized and treated by the use of immunotherapy? | When normal cells turn into cancer cells, some of the antigens on their surface change. These cells, like many body cells, constantly shed bits of protein from their surface into the circulatory system. Often, tumor antigens are among the shed proteins.
These shed antigens prompt action from immune defenders, including... | Twenty-five patients with metastatic melanoma were treated with a therapeutic
vaccine ("theraccine") consisting of allogeneic melanoma lysates and a novel
adjuvant, DETOX (Ribi ImmunoChem Research, Inc, Hamilton, MT). Each patient
received 200 antigenic units (20 x 10(6) tumor cell equivalents) subcutaneously
on we... |
What is the typical rash associated with gluten ? | Dermatitis herpetiformis is a lifelong, gluten-sensitive, blistering skin disease with pathognomonic immunoglobulin (Ig)A deposits in the papillary dermis. | Twenty-one patients with dermatitis herpetiformis have been on a gluten free
diet regularly followed up for at least one year (mean four years). Eighteen
patients had a 'flat' mucosal appearance (grade III), one patient had moderately
severe mucosal abnormality (grade II), one patient had mild mucosal abnormality
(... |
Which proteins constitute the methyl-directed mismatch repair system (MMR) in bacteria? | The mismatch repair system (MMR) recognizes and corrects mismatched or unpaired bases caused mainly by DNA polymerase, and contributes to the fidelity of DNA replication in living cells. In bacteria, the methyldirected mismatch repair (MMR) is comprised of MutS and MutL proteins, encoded by the mutS/L operon. | Weak to severe deficit of GATC sequences in the DNA of enterobacteriophages
appears to be correlated with their undermethylation during growth in dam+ (GATC
ade-methylase) bacteria. This observation is corroborated by the sequence
analysis showing no evidence for site-specific mutagenicity of 6meAde. The MutH
prote... |
Is aganglionic megacolon a feature of Down syndrome? | Down syndrome (DS) is recognized by characteristic facial features, intellectual disability, and an increased risk for cardiac malformations and duodenal atresia. Recently, Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), or congenital aganglionic megacolon, has been seen more often among patients with DS. | Hirschsprung disease, or congenital aganglionic megacolon, is commonly assumed
to be a sex-modified multifactorial trait. To test this hypothesis, complex
segregation analysis was performed on data on 487 probands and their families.
Demographic information on probands and the recurrence risk to relatives of
proban... |
Which is the vector of Louping ill virus? | Louping ill virus (LIV) belongs to the mammalian tick-borne virus group of the genus Flavivirus which cause central nervous system disease. LIV infects the red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus, causing high mortality. LIV is transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus. | We have constructed recombit baculoviruses and vaccinia viruses containing
cloned DNA, encoding either the envelope protein alone or all of the structural
proteins (core, membrane and envelope) of louping ill virus. Glycosylated viral
envelope protein, presented both inside and on the surface of insect and
mammalia... |
Does HuR protein regulate the splicing process? | HuR and TIA1/TIAL1 are involved in regulation of alternative splicing of SIRT1 pre-mRNA | Regulated gene expression at the post-transcriptional level in higher eukaryotes
is based on a network of interactions among RNA-binding proteins (RBPs)
operating within multifactorial ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes, notably
heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) and mRNP complexes. We are
interested in... |
Is Titin the largest single protein molecule found in Nature? | Titin, is definitely the largest protein in the body, with a molecular weight of 3 million Dalton and composed of 27,000 amino acids. Titin is the largest protein known to date and acts as a mechanosensor that regulates muscle protein expression in a sarcomere strain-dependent fashion. | Titin is at present the largest known protein (M(r) 3000 kDa) and its expression
is restricted to vertebrate striated muscle. Single molecules span from M- to
Z-lines and therefore over 1 micron. We have isolated cDNAs encoding five
distant titin A-band epitopes, extended their sequences and determined 30 kb
(1000 ... |
what is the role of MEF-2 in cardiomyocyte differentiation? | The myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) proteins are MADS-box transcription factors that are essential for differentiation of all muscle lineages but their mechanisms of action remain largely undefined. MEF2C expression initiates cardiomyogenesis, resulting in the up-regulation of Brachyury T, bone morphogenetic protein-4... | The Nkx2-5 homeodomain protein plays a key role in cardiomyogenesis. Ectopic
expression in frog and zebrafish embryos results in an enlarged myocardium;
however, expression of Nkx2-5 in fibroblasts was not able to trigger the
development of beating cardiac muscle. In order to examine the ability of Nkx2-5
to modula... |
Which are the main components of mTORC1? | The mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) protein kinase is an important regulator of cell growth and is a key target for therapeutic intervention in cancer. Two complexes of mTOR have been identified: complex 1 (mTORC1), consisting of mTOR, Raptor (regulatory associated protein of mTOR) and mLST8 (mammalian lethal with... | The mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) protein kinase is an important
regulator of cell growth. Two complexes of mTOR have been identified: complex 1,
consisting of mTOR-Raptor (regulatory associated protein of mTOR)-mLST8 (termed
mTORC1), and complex 2, comprising mTOR-Rictor (rapamycininsensitive companion
of m... |
What is the the Menzerath-Altmann law? | Recently, a random breakage model has been proposed to explain the negative correlation between mean chromosome length and chromosome number that is found in many groups of species and is consistent with Menzerath-Altmann law, a statistical law that defines the dependency between the mean size of the whole and the numb... | Recently, a random breakage model has been proposed to explain the negative
correlation between mean chromosome length and chromosome number that is found
in many groups of species and is consistent with Menzerath-Altmann law, a
statistical law that defines the dependency between the mean size of the whole
and the ... |
Which receptor(s) recognize lysosomal hydrolases in trans-Golgi network (TGN)? | The majority of lysosomal hydrolases in trans-Golgi network (TGN) are specifically recognized by mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) receptors (MPRs), which ensure their transport to the endosomal/lysosomal system. Other receptors can also carry lysosomal hydrolases from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the endosomal system. The... | Previous work with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has demonstrated a role
for a phosphatidylinositol-specific PI 3-kinase, the product of the VPS34 gene,
in the targeting of newly synthesized proteins to the vacuole, an organelle
functionally equivalent to mammalian lysosomes (Schu, P. V., K. Takegawa, M. J.
Fr... |
List the diseases that can be treated using Vedolizumab. | Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are inflammatory bowel diseases that have been successfully treated with Vedolizumab, a gut-selective, anti-inflammatory monoclonal antibody. | Inflammatory bowel diseases share common pathogenetic mechanisms that are not
yet completely understood. It is clear, however, that the expression and
production of cytokines in response to inflammation plays a key role in
mediating the migration of activated leukocytes. The process of angiogenesis and
the expressi... |
Can clonidine be used to reduce agitation in children. | Yes, clonidine is effective in prevention of post-anesthesia agitation in children. | In a double-blinded trial, 40 male children (age 2-7 yr) undergoing circumcision
were randomly assigned to receive clonidine 2 microg/kg IV or placebo after
anesthetic induction. For induction and maintece of anesthesia, we used
sevoflurane as the sole anesthetic. For pain treatment, a penile block was
performed be... |
Which value of nuchal translucency thickness is set as the threshold for high-risk for Down Syndrome? | NT is physiological for a measurement < 3 mm but the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities (essentially trisomies 21, 18 and 13) increases when NT > or = 3 mm. As women aged, this upper NT threshold value changed according to gestational age. In women aged 35 to 37 years, combined prenatal screening was always positiv... | The purpose of the present literature review is to assess the screening value of
trisomy 21 by measurement of fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness in the
first trimester. NT is a subcutaneous translucency between the skin and the soft
tissues overlying the cervical spine, which disappears in the second trimester... |
Does ventriculoperitoneal shunt improve normal pressure hydrocephalus? | Yes | A prospective trial for diagnosis, treatment and evaluation of normal pressure
hydrocephalus (NPH) was carried out in 30 consecutive patients (12 women, 18
men, mean age: 61 years, range 21-80). The clinical diagnosis was based on the
presence of one or more of the three clinical elements of NPH: gait disturbance,
... |
Does Serca2a bind PLN in the heart? | Yes, Serca2a bind PLN in the heart. | There is clear evidence for direct regulatory protein-protein interactions
between phospholamban (PLN) and the Ca2+-ATPase of cardiac sarcoplasmic
reticulum (SERCA2a) in cytoplasmic domains, but there is less clear evidence for
regulatory interactions in the transmembrane domains of the two proteins. We
have now co... |
What is the function of the spliceosome complex? | The excision of introns from nascent eukaryotic transcripts is catalyzed by the spliceosome, a highly complex and dynamic macromolecular machine composed of RNA and protein. | Splicing is a crucial, ubiquitous and highly complex step in eukaryotic gene
expression. The daunting complexity of the splicing reaction, although
fascinating, has severely limited our understanding of its mechanistic details.
Recent advances have begun to provide exciting new insights into the dynamic
interaction... |
Is there any role for long noncoding RNAs in adipogenesis? | Yes. Many lncRNAs are adipose-enriched, strongly induced during adipogenesis, and bound at their promoters by key transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (CEBPα). RNAi-mediated loss of function screens identified functional lncRNAs with var... | The prevalence of obesity has led to a surge of interest in understanding the
detailed mechanisms underlying adipocyte development. Many protein-coding genes,
mRNAs, and microRNAs have been implicated in adipocyte development, but the
global expression patterns and functional contributions of long noncoding RNA
(ln... |
Which genes code for the alpha subunit of the DNA polymerase III in most Firmicutes? | Bacterial DNA polymerase III is the primary complex of DNA replication. In most Firmicutes, which are low-GC, gram-positive bacteria, the alpha subunit of their DNA polymerase III is encoded by polC and dnaE. DnaE is widely conserved in most bacteria, while PolC is present mainly in Firmicutes clade. | The Bacillus subtilis dnaF (polC) gene that codes for the alpha subunit of the
DNA polymerase III holoenzyme has been sequenced. It consists of 4005 base pairs
coding for 1335 amino acids (from the start to the stop codon), giving a
molecular weight of 151,273. A mutation (azp-12) that confers resistance to the
ant... |
Is there any research that relates the function of Notch Signaling with Alzheimer Disease? | Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway, which is fundamental for neuronal development and specification. In the last decade, increasing evidence has pointed out an important role of this pathway beyond embryonic development, indicating that Notch also displays a critical function in the mature brain of ... | Understanding complex diseases such as sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD) has been
a major challenge. Unlike the familial forms of AD, the genetic and
environmental risks factors identified for sporadic AD are extensive. MicroRNAs
are one of the major noncoding RNAs that function as negative regulators to
silence or s... |
Describe the known functions for the prothymosin alpha c-terminal peptide? | Prothymosin alpha (ProTα) (encoded in human by the PTMA gene) is a ubiquitous, highly acidic nuclear polypeptide. During early apoptosis, proTα is cleaved by activated caspase-3, with a primary attach site being D99, close to its carboxyl-terminus. The role of the cleaved decapeptide -- proTα(100-109) -- is not fully u... | A cDNA clone encoding for a Prothymosin alpha (Prot-alpha) has been isolated and
characterized from the testis of the frog Rana esculenta. Frog Prothymosin alpha
(fProt-alpha) predicted a 109 amino acid protein with a high homology to the
mammalian Prot-alpha. fProt-alpha contains 28 aspartic and 25 glutamic acid
r... |
Was modafinil tested for schizophrenia treatment? | Yes. Modafinil has been shown to improve attention, memory, executive function and antipsychotic-induced parkinsonism in patients with schizophrenia. However, some authors have failed to demonstrate beneficial action of modafinil for schizophrenia. | Modafinil, a novel cognitive enhancer, selectively improves neuropsychological
task performance in healthy volunteers and adult patients with attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It has been argued that persistent cognitive
deficits in patients with schizophrenia are responsible for the failure of many
... |
What is the role of the Ada O6-alkylguanine alkyltransferase in bacteria? | The Ada O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase is a multifunctional protein, product of the ada gene. Ada functions in DNA repair by direct dealkylation of alkylated DNA lesions, such as the toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic O6-alkylguanine (O6-AlkG) and O4-alkylthymine (O4-AlkT) which are restored to guanine and thymi... | The E. coli ogt O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase has two cysteine residues
positioned identically with respect to cysteines in the E. coli ada
O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase. In order to assess their function, these
residues were each substituted by a glycine to generate altered forms of the ogt
protein. ... |
List the neurotransmitters that are metabolized by MAOA. | The monoamine oxidase-A (MAOA) gene plays a vital role in the metabolism of neurotransmitters, e.g, serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. | BACKGROUND: The monoamine oxidase-A (MAOA) gene plays a vital role in the
metabolism of neurotransmitters, e.g, serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. A
polymorphism in the promoter region (MAOA-uVNTR) affects transcriptional
efficiency. Allelic variation in MAOA-uVNTR has been associated with body mass
index (BM... |
What is the effect of enamel matrix derivative on pulp regeneration? | EMD increased the osteogenic potential of hDPCs. The expression levels of osteogenesis-related genes, such as ALP, DSPP, BMP, and OPN were also upregulated. In addition, the expression levels of odontogenesis-related transcription factors Osterix and Runx2 were upregulated. Proliferated pulp tissue partly filled the sp... | During odontogenesis, amelogenins from the preameloblasts are translocated to
differentiating odontoblasts in the dental papilla, suggesting that amelogenins
may be associated with odontoblast changes during development. In the present
study, we have explored the effects of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on the
hea... |
Is depression associated with poor prognosis of brain tumor patients? | Yes. In brain tumor patients depression is associated with shorter survival and worse functional outcomes. | OBJECTIVE: The adverse impact of depression in relation to survival among cancer
patients is currently a subject of great interest in research. In a 5-year
follow-up study, we investigated the association of depression with survival of
patients with a primary brain tumor.
METHODS: The study population consisted of 7... |
Super-SILAC is a method used in quantitative proteomics. What is the super-SILAC mix?
(SILAC: Stable Isotopic labelling by aminoacids in cell culture) | The Super-SILAC mix consists of the combination of multiple SILAC-labeled cell lines. | We describe a method to accurately quantify human tumor proteomes by combining a
mixture of five stable-isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture
(SILAC)-labeled cell lines with human carcinoma tissue. This generated hundreds
of thousands of isotopically labeled peptides in appropriate amounts to serve as
int... |
What is an acceptable sequence coverage(depth) required for human whole-exome sequencing? | A medium depth may be considered as 8x while the most common values vary between 30x and 60x. Values more than 75x or even up to 125x may be considered for the investigation of rare disease variants. | Hepatocellular carcinoma, one of the most common virus-associated cancers, is
the third most frequent cause of cancer-related death worldwide. By massively
parallel sequencing of a primary hepatitis C virus-positive hepatocellular
carcinoma (36× coverage) and matched lymphocytes (>28× coverage) from the same
indivi... |
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