question stringlengths 13 215 | ground_truth stringlengths 2 3.15k | context stringlengths 0 157k |
|---|---|---|
Is NfL (neurofilament light chain) a biomarker of neurodegeneration? | Yes,
Neurofilament light chain (NfL) has recently been proposed as a promising biomarker in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). | Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most frequent dementia, after
Alzheimer's, in patients under the age of 65. It encompasses clinical entities
characterized by behavioral, language, and executive control dysfunction.
Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a new, non-disease specific, widely studied
biomarker ... |
Is Epistaxis associated with dental implant placement? | Epistaxis is a frequent complication associated with dental implant placement. | BACKGROUND: To assess the survival rate of implants placed in the posterior
maxilla by intentionally perforating the Schneiderian membrane and protruding
the implant up to 3mm beyond the sinus floor in cases of reduced crestal bone
height (CBH).
MATERIALS & METHODS: 56 patients with reduced CBH received 63 implants ... |
What is the effect of grapefruit juice on CYP3A4? | Grapefruit juice inhibits CYP3A4 activity. | |
Which is the major clinical feature observed in FDXR-associated disease? | FDXR-associated disease is a phenotypically heterogeneous disorder with retinal dystrophy being a major clinical feature observed in this cohort. | |
Is Daprodustat effective for anemia? | Yes. Daprodustat is a hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor for the treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease. | BACKGROUND: Daprodustat (GSK1278863) is an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl
hydroxylase inhibitor being developed for treatment of anemia associated with
chronic kidney disease (CKD). The effect of daprodustat in Japanese CKD patients
with anemia has not been previously investigated.
METHODS: We evaluated the re... |
Where is the the protein perforin localized? | Perforin are stored inside the leukocytes in secretory granules. | Severe malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum poses a major global health
problem with high morbidity and mortality. P. falciparum harbors a family of
pore-forming proteins (PFPs), known as perforin like proteins (PLPs), which are
structurally equivalent to prokaryotic PFPs. These PLPs are secreted from the
parasi... |
Is REGN5458 a single-targeted antibody? | No, REGN5458 is a bispecific antibody. | |
Which disease is associated with X-linked recessive TLR7 deficiency? | X-linked recessive TLR7 deficiency is a highly penetrant genetic etiology of critical COVID-19 pneumonia, in about 1.8% of male patients below the age of 60 years. | Collaborators: Abel L, Aiuti A, Al-Muhsen S, Al-Mulla F, Anderson MS, Andreakos
E, Arias AA, Feldman HB, Belot A, Biggs CM, Bogunovic D, Bolze A, Bondarenko A,
Bousfiha AA, Brodin P, Bryceson Y, Bustamante CD, Butte MJ, Casari G,
Chakravorty S, Christodoulou J, Condino-Neto A, Constantinescu SN, Cooper MA,
Dalgard ... |
Is Benralizumab effective for Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria? | Yes, the anti-IL-5 antibody benralizumab has been reported to reduce Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria symptoms. | PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Symptomatic management of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU)
basically depends on second-generation H1 antihistamines and omalizumab.
Omalizumab is a game changer in the management, but still there is a need for
new targets and new biologics targeting new pathways in the treatment which will
pro... |
Do the proteins Talin and Amot interact? | Yes,
Amot binds Talin | |
Do RNA binding Proteins that bind to adenine uridine (AU)-rich elements (AREs) in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs (AU-RBPs) regulate the DNA Damage Response? | RNA Binding Proteins (RBPs) that bind to adenine uridine (AU)-rich elements (AREs) in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs (AU-RBPs) have emerged as key players in regulating the DNA Damage Response (DDR) and preserving genome integrity. | Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) often have sustained expression of
labile genes, including angiogenic growth factors and immunosuppressive
cytokines, which promote tumor progression. Stabilization of the RNA transcripts
for these genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is an
important m... |
Has CPX-351 been approved by the FDA and the EMA? | Yes, CPX-351 has been approved by the US FDA and the EMA. | BACKGROUND: CPX-351 (United States: Vyxeos®; Europe: Vyxeos® Liposomal), a
dual-drug liposomal encapsulation of daunorubicin and cytarabine in a
synergistic 1:5 molar ratio, is approved by the US FDA and the EMA for the
treatment of adults with newly diagnosed therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia
or acute myeloid... |
What is the role of KAT7 in AML? | KAT7 is a genetic vulnerability of acute myeloid leukemias driven by MLL rearrangements and more specifically driven by the MLL-X gene fusions. | |
Which drugs are included in the CAPIRI regimen? | CAPIRI regimen includes capecitabine plus irinotecan. | PURPOSE: To establish the feasibility and efficacy of capecitabine in
combination with weekly irinotecan (CAPIRI) with concurrent pelvic radiotherapy
(RT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Nineteen patients with rectal cancer clinical stage T3-4,
Nx received weekly irinotecan 50 ... |
What is the p-crAssphage? | CrAssphage is the most abundant human-associated virus and the founding member of a large group of bacteriophages, discovered in animal-associated and environmental metagenomes, that infect bacteria of the phylum Bacteroidetes. | CrAssphage is the most abundant human-associated virus and the founding member
of a large group of bacteriophages, discovered in animal-associated and
environmental metagenomes, that infect bacteria of the phylum Bacteroidetes. We
analyze 4907 Circular Metagenome Assembled Genomes (cMAGs) of putative viruses
from h... |
What is the function of Circular RNA (circRNA)? | Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of conserved, endogenous non-coding RNAs that are involved in transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation as well as the pathogenesis of diseases. including cancer | AIMS: Circular RNA (circRNA) is a newly validated class of single-stranded RNA,
ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues and possessing key functions
including acting as microRNA sponges and as transcriptional regulators by
binding to RNA-binding proteins. While independent studies confirm the
expression of circ... |
Which one was the first chromone in clinical use? | The first chromone in clinical use, khellin. | The chromones are a class of chemical compounds characterised by the presence of
the structure 5:6 benz-1:4-pyrone in their chemical make-up. The first chromone
in clinical use, khellin, was extracted from the seeds of the plant Ammi
visnaga, and had been used for centuries as a diuretic and as a smooth muscle
rela... |
Which resource is used for visualisation of non-covalent contacts? | The Protein Contacts Atlas is an interactive resource of non-covalent contacts from over 100,000 PDB crystal structures. The Protein Contacts Atlas enables researchers from different disciplines to investigate diverse questions in the framework of non-covalent contacts, including the interpretation of allostery, diseas... | |
Which disease is treated with Emapalumab? | Emapalumab is a human monoclonal antibody directed against interferon-γ (IFN-γ) that was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). | Emapalumab-Izsg (hereafter referred to as emapalumab) [Gamifant®] is a
monoclonal antibody directed against interferon gamma that is available as an
intravenous infusion. Emapalumab is being developed by Novimmune and Swedish
Orphan Biovitrum for the treatment of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH).
In Novemb... |
Do we find bacteriophages in the gut? | yes,
Bacterial viruses (bacteriophages, phages) of the gut have increasingly become a focus in microbiome studies, with an understanding that they are likely key players in health and disease. | We are surrounded by microbes, mostly bacteria and their viruses or phages, on
the inside and outside of our bodies. These bacteria in constant interactions
with phages are regulating multiple functions critical to our health. Luckily,
they are amenable, but we need precise tools for their safe manipulation and
imp... |
What is the function of the protein encoded by PUMILIO1? | Pumilio1 (Pum1) has been shown to play key roles in translational regulation of target mRNAs in many systems of diverse organisms. | Puf proteins bind RNA sequence specifically and regulate translation and
stability of target mRNAs. A "code" for RNA recognition has been deduced from
crystal structures of the Puf protein, human Pumilio1, where each of eight
repeats binds an RNA base via a combination of three side chains at conserved
positions. H... |
What is CPX-351 | CPX-351 (United States: Vyxeos®; Europe: Vyxeos® Liposomal), a dual-drug liposomal encapsulation of daunorubicin and cytarabine in a synergistic 1:5 molar ratio, is approved by the US FDA and the EMA for the treatment of adults with newly diagnosed therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia or acute myeloid leukemia with m... | BACKGROUND: CPX-351 (United States: Vyxeos®; Europe: Vyxeos® Liposomal), a
dual-drug liposomal encapsulation of daunorubicin and cytarabine in a
synergistic 1:5 molar ratio, is approved by the US FDA and the EMA for the
treatment of adults with newly diagnosed therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia
or acute myeloid... |
What is the prevalence of the inactivating AKT variant p.Pro50Thr in the Finnish population? | 1.1% frequency | Author information:
(1)Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA.
(2)Center for Human Genetic Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston, MA.
(3)Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
(4)Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas M... |
Which mutations are inhibited by Ripretinib? | Ripretinib is a novel switch-control kinase inhibitor designed to inhibit a wide range of KIT and PDGFRA mutations. | Ripretinib (DCC-2618) was designed to inhibit the full spectrum of mutant KIT
and PDGFRA kinases found in cancers and myeloproliferative neoplasms,
particularly in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), in which the
heterogeneity of drug-resistant KIT mutations is a major challenge. Ripretinib
is a "switch-contro... |
What is known about the PYHIN proteins? | The human PYHIN proteins, AIM2, IFI16, IFIX, and MNDA, are critical regulators of immune response, transcription, apoptosis, and cell cycle.
Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is a member of the PYHIN (pyrin and HIN domain-containing protein) family with important roles in sensing double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and assembling th... | Pattern recognition receptors such as nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain
(NOD)-containing protein receptors (NLRs) and the pyrin and hematopoitic
interferon-inducible nuclear protein (HIN) domain (PYHIN) receptors initiate the
inflammatory response following cell stress or pathogenic challenge. When
activate... |
What class of drugs is commonly associated with Drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DIILD)? | [' Numerous agents including cytotoxic and noncytotoxic drugs have the potential to cause pulmonary toxicity.'] | The problem of the drug induced pulmonary toxicity (cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic
drugs) is discussed. This domain of modern pathology is in continuous
development, although yet insufficiently delineated. The essential pathogenic
mechanisms are presented as well as the main histopathological lesions (i.e.,
interstiti... |
What pathological phenotype could potentially concomitant pomegranate juice and rosuvastatin use cause? | Concomitant use of rosuvastatin and pomegranate juice has been hypothesized to be associated with the development of rhabdomyolysis in a case report. | This 48-year-old man with possible underlying myopathy was successfully treated
with ezetimibe 10 mg/day and rosuvastatin 5 mg every other day for 17 months.
Three weeks before presentation, he began drinking pomegranate juice (200 ml
twice weekly). He presented urgently with thigh pain and an elevated serum
creati... |
Which tool has been developed to discover VNTR-associated deletions? | Τrfermikit is a software tool designed to detect deletions larger than 50 bp occurring in Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) using Illumina DNA sequencing reads. In such regions, it achieves a better trade-off between sensitivity and false discovery than a state-of-the-art structural variation (SV) caller, Manta, a... | |
Is tirabrutinib effective for lymphoma? | Yes, tirabrutinib appears to be effective for lymphoma. It was approved in Japan for the treatment of recurrent or refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma. | Conflict of interest statement: W. Munakata has received grants from Ono
Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. K. Ando has received grants from Ono Pharmaceutical
Co., Ltd. K. Hatake has received grants from Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and
Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. N. Fukuhara has received grants from Ono
Pharmaceutical ... |
Is covid-19 induced anosmia caused by disruption of nuclear architecture? | Yes. Disruption of nuclear architecture is a cause of COVID-19 induced anosmia. | Author information:
(1)Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind, Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia
University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
(2)Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical
Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New
York, NY, 10032, USA.
(3)Department... |
What is the mechanism of action of Toripalimab? | Toripalimab is IgG4 monoclonal antibody targeting PD-1, which has been approved for treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma after previous systemic therapy. | Toripalimab, a recombit, humanized programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1)
monoclonal antibody that binds to PD-1 and prevents binding of PD-1 with
programmed death ligands 1 (PD-L1) and 2 (PD-L2), is being developed by Shanghai
Junshi Bioscience Co., Ltd in China for the treatment of various cancers. In
December 2018, ... |
Is taxilin a cancer marker? | Yes,
α-Taxilin, a binding partner of the syntaxin family, is a candidate tumor marker. | The membrane traffic system has been recognized to be involved in carcinogenesis
and tumor progression in several types of tumors. α-taxilin is a newly
identified membrane traffic-related molecule, and its up-regulation has been
reported in embryonic and maligt tissues of neural origin. In the present
study, we ana... |
What are the symptoms of an incidental durotomy (ID). | Incidental durotomy can cause postural headaches, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, photophobia, tinnitus, and vertigo. Meningitis is a rare complication reported to occur with a frequency of 0.18% | STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of 20 patients with incidental durotomy
treated without mandatory bed rest.
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether patients with incidental durotomy can be
treated effectively without multiple days of bed rest.
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Incidental durotomy can cause postural headaches... |
Is PCAT6 a microRNA? | No, PCAT6 is a long noncoding RNA. | Breast cancer is an aggressive maligcy with high morbidity in females
worldwide. Extensive studies reveal that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are
abnormally expressed and act as key regulators in various cancers, including
breast cancer. In this work, we investigated the role and regulatory mechanism
of lncRNA prost... |
Is HDAC1 required for GATA-1 transcriptional activity? | Yes. HDAC1 is required for GATA-1 transcription activity, global chromatin occupancy and hematopoiesis. | |
Which enzyme is inhibited by Aramchol? | Arachidyl amido cholanoic acid (Aramchol) is a potent downregulator of hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) protein expression. | BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Suppression of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD)
activity leads to reduction of obesity, fatty liver as well as of insulin
resistance. It was, however, recently reported to enhance atherogenesis. The aim
of the present study was to investigate whether inhibition of SCD by Aramchol, a
fatty a... |
What is the cause of the Diamond Blackfan Anemia? | Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a congenital bone marrow failure syndrome associated with ribosomal gene mutations that lead to ribosomal insufficiency. | Diamond-Blackfan anemia is an autosomal domit syndrome, characterized by
anemia and a predisposition for maligcies. Ribosomal proteins are responsible
for this syndrome, and the incidence of colorectal cancer in patients with this
syndrome is higher than the general population. This patient's Diamond-Blackfan
anemi... |
What are the functions of DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes? | G-Quadruplex, a unique secondary structure in nucleic acids found throughout human genome, elicited widespread interest in the field of therapeutic research. Being present in key regulatory regions of oncogenes, RNAs and telomere, G-Quadruplex structure regulates transcription, translation, splicing, etc | Guanine-rich sequences of DNA and RNA may fold in vitro and in vivo into
G-quadruplexes, four-stranded helical structures held together by a guanine
core. G-quadruplexes have various biological functions, including inhibition of
telomerase and the regulation of gene transcription and translation, and have
become an... |
What is the effect of epiregulin expression in tumors? | Epiregulin has elevated expression in a variety of human cancers. Epiregulin expression promotes tumor progression and metastasis and reduces patient survival. | Author information:
(1)Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University,
Zhangjiagang 215617, China.
(2)Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University,
Zhangjiagang 215617, China; Jiangsu University Aoyang Institute of Oncology,
Zhangjiagang 215617, China.
(3... |
Name scRNA-seq workflows which harness graph attention networks | SCDRHA and CellVGAE | Dimensionality reduction of high-dimensional data is crucial for single-cell RNA
sequencing (scRNA-seq) visualization and clustering. One prominent challenge in
scRNA-seq studies comes from the dropout events, which lead to zero-inflated
data. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a scRNA-seq data
dimens... |
Which molecule is targeted by Fenebrutinib? | Fenebrutinib is a noncovalent, oral, and highly selective inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). | Fenebrutinib (GDC-0853) is an orally administered small molecule inhibitor of
Bruton's tyrosine kinase being investigated for treatment of rheumatoid
arthritis in patients with inadequate responses to methotrexate (MTX). This
study interrogated the potential for pharmacokinetic drug interactions between
fenebrutini... |
What is Cereblon? | Cereblon (CRBN) is a substrate recognition protein in the E3-ligase ubiquitin complex. The binding target of CRBN varies according to tissues and cells, and the protein regulates various biological functions by regulating tissue-specific targets. | Author information:
(1)Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery,
Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
(2)The Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miller School
of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
(3)Department of Medic... |
What is Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) used to determine? | The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) is an objective anatomically-based injury severity scoring system that classifies each injury by body region on a 6 point scale. AIS is the system used to determine the Injury Severity Score (ISS) of the multiply injured trauma patient.
AIS CLASSIFICATIONS
The AIS classifies individu... | Refinements in injury scaling of blunt trauma and expansion to include
penetrating injuries have resulted in the publication of the 1985 revision of
the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). To simplify use of this scale for Injury
Severity Scoring in clinical practice, two 8 1/2" x 11" charts, which can be
included in t... |
Which protein family is epiregulin a member of? | EREG (epiregulin), a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family. | OBJECTIVES: EREG (epiregulin), a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)
family, plays a role in inflammation, wound healing, normal physiology and
maligcies. However, little is known about its function on hair growth.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cell growth assay, QPCR and immunostaining were carried
out. Telogen-to... |
Describe Cap Trap RNA-seq | Using the Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) technology, the FANTOM5 consortium provided one of the most comprehensive maps of transcription start sites (TSSs) in several species. Strikingly, ~72% of them could not be assigned to a specific gene and initiate at unconventional regions, outside promoters or enhancers... | Collaborators: Abugessaisa I, Aitken S, Aken BL, Alam I, Alam T, Alasiri R,
Alhendi AMN, Alinejad-Rokny H, Alvarez MJ, Andersson R, Arakawa T, Araki M,
Arbel T, Archer J, Archibald AL, Arner E, Arner P, Asai K, Ashoor H, Astrom G,
Babina M, Baillie JK, Bajic VB, Bajpai A, Baker S, Baldarelli RM, Balic A,
Bansal M, ... |
What is the use of the Canadian C-Spine Rule? | The Canadian C-spine rule clinically clears cervical spine fracture without imaging. | The Canadian c-spine rule (CCR) allows safe, reproducible use of radiography in
alert, stable patients with potential c-spine injury in the emergency setting
[Stiell, I., Clement, C., McKnight, R., Brison, R., Schull, M., Lowe, B.,
Worthington, J., Eisenhauer, M., Cass, D., Greenberg, G., MacPhail, I., Dreyer,
J., ... |
What is the Daughterless gene? | The daughterless (da) gene in Drosophila encodes a broadly expressed transcriptional regulator whose specific functions in the control of sex determination and neurogenesis have been extensively examined. | The daughterless (da) gene in Drosophila encodes a broadly expressed
transcriptional regulator whose specific functions in the control of sex
determination and neurogenesis have been extensively examined. We describe here
a third major developmental role for this regulatory gene: follicle formation
during oogenesis... |
Is telomestatin, a novel statin drug used to treat high cholesterol? | Telomestatin is a natural product isolated from Streptomyces anulatus 3533-SV4 and has been shown to be a very potent telomerase inhibitor and is used to treat cancer. | Telomestatin is a natural product isolated from Streptomyces anulatus 3533-SV4
and has been shown to be a very potent telomerase inhibitor. The structural
similarity between telomestatin and a G-tetrad suggested to us that the
telomerase inhibition might be due to its ability either to facilitate the
formation of o... |
What is amphiregulin a ligand of? | Amphiregulin (AREG) is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand. | Amphiregulin (AREG) is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand. The
aim of this study was to investigate the effects of baseline plasma AREG levels
in KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) on
treatment outcome with palliative first-line cetuximab + FOLFIRI chemotherapy.
Chemoth... |
Which genetic susceptibility loci are implicated in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)? | There have been six genetic susceptibility loci identified and confirmed for IBS. Implicated genes included NCAM1, CADM2, PHF2/FAM120A, DOCK9, CKAP2/TPTE2P3 and BAG6. | Author information:
(1)Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
(2)Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
(3)Center for Molecular Medicine & Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of
Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institu... |
Is there an association between Guillain–Barré syndrome and covid vaccine? | Yes. There series reporting Guillain–Barré syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination. | Safety monitoring is of paramount importance for vaccines authorized for
emergent use (EUA) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) against
SARS-CoV-2. Mass immunization is an essential tool to end the current pandemic,
but vaccine surveillance is necessary to identify any potentially associated
harms. At the ... |
What is the function of the protein calreticulin? | Calreticulin (CALR) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein involved in a spectrum of cellular processes. In healthy cells, CALR operates as a chaperone and Ca2+ buffer to assist correct protein folding within the ER. | The lectin chaperones calnexin (CNX) and calreticulin (CRT) localized in the
endoplasmic reticulum play important roles in glycoprotein quality control.
Although the interaction between these lectin chaperones and ERp57 is well
known, it has been recently reported that endoplasmic reticulum protein 29
(ERp29), a me... |
Atlanto-axial rotary instability (Fielding type 1) is common to what diseases? | Atlanto-axial instability (AAI) is common in the connective tissue disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and increasingly recognized in the heritable disorders of Stickler, Loeys-Dietz, Marfan, Morquio, and Ehlers-Danlos (EDS) syndromes as well as infectious disease. | We report a 15-year-old boy with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) Type VII (Sly
disease) who was found to have atlantoaxial instability with quadriparesis.
Subluxation of C1 on C2 has also been documented in patients with Type I and
Type IV MPS. Routine screening of the cervical spine is recommended in patients
with "MP... |
What is the effect of epiregulin on leptin secretion? | Epiregulin induces leptin secretion. | |
Which JASPAR release is JASPAR 2022? | JASPAR (http://jaspar.genereg.net/) is an open-access database containing manually curated, non-redundant transcription factor (TF) binding profiles for TFs across six taxonomic groups. In JASPAR 2022, JASPAR's 9th release, the CORE collection was expanded with 341 new profiles (148 for plants, 101 for vertebrates, 85 ... | |
Is Erythropoietin effective for neuroprotection of Preterm Infants. | No. High-dose erythropoietin treatment administered to extremely preterm infants from 24 hours after birth through 32 weeks of postmenstrual age did not result in a lower risk of severe neurodevelopmental impairment or death at 2 years of age. | BACKGROUND: High-dose erythropoietin has been shown to have a neuroprotective
effect in preclinical models of neonatal brain injury, and phase 2 trials have
suggested possible efficacy; however, the benefits and safety of this therapy in
extremely preterm infants have not been established.
METHODS: In this multicent... |
What is the SPRTN protein function? | The protease SPRTN emerged as the essential enzyme for DNA-protein crosslink proteolysis repair. | Author information:
(1)Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department
of Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7DQ, Oxford, UK.
(2)Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department
of Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7DQ, Oxfo... |
What part of the body is associated with Cauda equina | The cauda equina is the sack of nerve roots (nerves that leave the spinal cord between spaces in the bones of the spine to connect to other parts of the body) at the lower end of the spinal cord. | Using a variety of neuroanatomical and histological techniques, we compare the
spinal cord and peripheral nerve distribution in the tails of larvae from
Xenopus laevis and three species of Rana. The relatively large, postsacral
spinal cord of Xenopus contains abundant motoneurons and their axons. Spinal
nerves exit... |
What does RUNX1T1 stand for? | RUNX1T1 stands for runt-related transcription factor 1. | BACKGROUND: Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1T1) isoforms are involved
in adipogenesis. RUNX1T1 is mediated by the fat mass and obesity-associated
(FTO). However, the extent to which RUNX1T1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms
(SNPs) are associated with obesity risk or metabolic abnormalities in a
community po... |
Describe InteractiveComplexHeatmap | InteractiveComplexHeatmap is designed with an easy-to-use interface where static complex heatmaps can be directly exported to an interactive Shiny web application only with one additional line of code. | |
What is the use of Brain Metastasis Velocity (BMV) Model? | Brain metastasis velocity (BMV) is a metric that describes the rate of development of new brain metastases (BM) after initial stereotactic radiosurgery. | PURPOSE: Prior statistical models attempted to identify risk factors for time to
distant brain failure (DBF) or time to salvage whole-brain radiation therapy
(WBRT) to predict the benefit of early WBRT versus stereotactic radiosurgery
(SRS) alone. We introduce a novel clinical metric, brain metastasis velocity
(BMV... |
What is "cell competition"? | Cell competition is a social cellular phenomenon in which unfit cells are selectively eliminated to maintain tissue homeostasis.
At the initial stage of carcinogenesis, cell competition often occurs between newly emerging transformed cells and the neighboring normal cells, leading to the elimination of transformed cell... | Cell competition is a social cellular phenomenon in which unfit cells are
selectively eliminated to maintain tissue homeostasis.1-3 Recent studies have
revealed that mechanical forces induce competitive cell-cell interactions in
Drosophila.4-6 This mechanical cell competition has also been reported to play
an impor... |
What is IDD in relation to organ transplantation? | Imminent death donation (IDD) has been proposed as a separate category of organ donation: distinct from living donation and donation after cardiac death | |
Is METTL3 an m6A writer, reader or eraser? | The methyltransferase METTL3 is an m6A writer. | Author information:
(1)Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key
Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical
Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and
Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China.
(2)Institute of Im... |
What is the 4D nucleome project? | The 4D Nucleome Network aims to develop and apply approaches to map the structure and dynamics of the human and mouse genomes in space and time with the goal of gaining deeper mechanistic insights into how the nucleus is organized and functions. The project will develop and benchmark experimental and computational appr... | Author information:
(1)Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.
(2)Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois,
Urbana-Champaign, Illino... |
Which drugs were included in the polypill that was tested in TIPS-3 trial? | Polypill tested in the TIPS-3 trial was comprised of atenolol, ramipril, hydrochlorothiazide, and a statin. | BACKGROUND: It is hypothesized that in individuals without clinical
cardiovascular disease (CVD), but at increased CVD risk, a 50% to 60% reduction
in CVD risk could be achieved using fixed dose combination (FDC) therapy
(usually comprised of multiple blood-pressure agents and a statin [with or
without aspirin]) in... |
What is the drug gantenerumab targeting? | Gantenerumab significantly reduced amyloid plaques, cerebrospinal fluid total tau, and phospho-tau181 and attenuated increases of neurofilament light chain. | Previous findings from the positron emission tomography (PET) substudy of the
SCarlet RoAD and Marguerite RoAD open-label extension (OLE) showed gantenerumab
doses up to 1200 mg every 4 weeks administered subcutaneously resulted in robust
beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaque removal over 24 months in people with
prodromal-to-m... |
Is Ameloblastoma (AB) a common benign tumor occurring in the brain? | Ameloblastoma (AM) is a slow growing and aggressive benign tumor with an odontogenic epithelial origin arising from the mandible or maxilla. | Ameloblastoma is a histologically benign tumor derived from odontogenic
apparatus. The tumor can infiltrate into surrounding tissues. Although it is
benign, it presents symptoms of a maligt tumor, such as infiltration into the
lungs, pleura, regional and distant metastases, orbit, base of skull, brain and
has resul... |
In which aspects of the immune response is m6A methylation implicated? | m6A is a novel regulator of immune system homeostasis and activation. m6A modifications and m6A modifying proteins play a critical role in pathogen recognition, immune cell activation, immune cell fate decisions, and immune reactions. These modifications modulate the fate decisions of innate and adaptive immune cells ... | N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) RNA methylation is a reversible posttranscriptional
modification in eukaryotes involving three types of functional proteins:
"writers", "erasers", and "readers". m6 A regulates the metabolism of messenger
RNAs and noncoding RNAs through RNA structure, splicing, stability, export, and
tran... |
Describe nextNEOpi | NextNEOpi is a comprehensive and fully-automated bioinformatic pipeline to predict tumor neoantigens from raw DNA and RNA sequencing data. In addition, nextNEOpi quantifies neoepitope- and patient-specific features associated with tumor immunogenicity and response to immunotherapy. | SUMMARY: Somatic mutations and gene fusions can produce immunogenic neoantigens
mediating anticancer immune responses. However, their computational prediction
from sequencing data requires complex computational workflows to identify
tumor-specific aberrations, derive the resulting peptides, infer patients' Human
Le... |
What is the use of the ATRIA score? | ATRIA score determines bleeding risk for patients on warfarin. | BACKGROUND: Clinical guidelines recommend oral anticoagulation for stroke
prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) at moderate or high risk
for stroke but not at high risk for bleeding; however, studies consistently
report suboptimal use of such therapy. This study used Medicare Part D claims
data to as... |
Which protein is targeted by Herceptin? | Her2 is targeted by Herceptin. | BACKGROUND: On encountering a susceptible target, natural killer (NK) cells
mediate cytotoxicity through highly regulated steps of directed degranulation.
Cytotoxic granules converge at the microtubule organizing center and are
polarized toward the immunological synapse (IS), followed by granule exocytosis.
NK cell... |
What are the main clinical components of the brain death exam? | The three essential findings in brain death are coma, absence of brain stem reflexes by neurologic exam including ancillary testing, and apnea. Studies can highlight the variability in practice in regard to the AT and supports the use of ancillary tests to determine BD in patients. Coma and brain stem reflexes can be d... | Forty years after the publication of a landmark paper by the Ad Hoc Committee of
the Harvard Medical School, the general concept of brain death has achieved
widespread acceptance. In the United States, irreversible dysfunction of the
brain and brainstem are required for the diagnosis of brain death. Although
primar... |
How does amphiregulin decrease the anti-proliferative effect of cetuximab? | In SNU-C4 and Caco-2 cells which were relatively sensitive to cetuximab among the seven CRC cell lines tested, AREG significantly decreased the anti-proliferative effect of cetuximab (p < 0.05) via AKT and ERK activation. | Amphiregulin (AREG) is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand. The
aim of this study was to investigate the effects of baseline plasma AREG levels
in KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) on
treatment outcome with palliative first-line cetuximab + FOLFIRI chemotherapy.
Chemoth... |
Describe RCandy | RCandy is a platform-independent R package for rapid, simple, and flexible visualisation of recombination events in bacterial genomes. | |
What variables are included in the MuLBSTA score? | MuLBSTA score includes Multilobular infiltration, hypo-Lymphocytosis, Bacterial coinfection, Smoking history, hyper-Tension and Age. | Background: Despite an increase in the familiarity of the medical community with
the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19), there is presently a lack of rapid and effective risk stratification
indicators to predict the poor clinical outcomes of COVID-19 especially in
se... |
Which organisms are the focus of the Wormbase? | WormBase continues to advance its practices on data acquisition, curation and retrieval to most effectively deliver comprehensive knowledge about Caenorhabditis elegans, and genomic information about other nematodes and parasitic flatworms. | WormBase ( www.wormbase.org ) provides the nematode research community with a
centralized database for information pertaining to nematode genes and genomes.
As more nematode genome sequences are becoming available and as richer data sets
are published, WormBase strives to maintain updated information, displays, and ... |
Is Ameloblastoma (AB) a benign tumor that never metastasizes? | Ameloblastomas are benign but locally invasive neoplasms which can be metastatic | Ameloblastoma is a locally invasive, histologically nonmaligt tumor that may
on very rare occasions give rise to metastases. A patient with a mandibular
ameloblastoma presenting typical histologic appearances developed a pulmonary
metastasis confirmed by histology as arising from the primary tumor. Two groups
of th... |
What does PCAT6 stand for? | PCAT6 stands for prostate cancer-associated transcript 6. | Breast cancer is an aggressive maligcy with high morbidity in females
worldwide. Extensive studies reveal that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are
abnormally expressed and act as key regulators in various cancers, including
breast cancer. In this work, we investigated the role and regulatory mechanism
of lncRNA prost... |
Is there any role of the 'Greek islands' in olfactory receptor choice? | Yes. 'Greek islands' first contribute to the formation of olfactory receptor compartments and then form a multi-chromosomal super-enhancer that associates with the single active olfactory receptor gene. The Greek-island-bound transcription factor LHX2 and adaptor protein LDB1 regulate the assembly and maintenance of ol... | The genome is partitioned into topologically associated domains and genomic
compartments with shared chromatin valence. This architecture is constrained by
the DNA polymer, which precludes interactions between genes on different
chromosomes. Here we report a marked divergence from this pattern of nuclear
organizati... |
What is ASTRAL Score? | ASTRAL Score is used to predict prognosis of stroke patients. | BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The ASTRAL score was recently introduced as a prognostic
tool for acute ischemic stroke. It predicts 3-month outcome reliably in both the
derivation and the validation European cohorts. We aimed to validate the ASTRAL
score in a Chinese stroke population and moreover to explore its prognostic... |
Is paxillin affected by RANKL? | Yes,
RANKL promotes paxillin serine and tyrosine phosphorylation. | Osteoclastic bone resorption depends upon the cell's ability to organize its
cytoskeleton via the αvβ3 integrin and osteoclastogenic cytokines. Because
paxillin associates with αvβ3, we asked if it participates in skeletal
degradation. Unlike deletion of other αvβ3-associated cytoskeleton-regulating
molecules, whic... |
What organ is associated with a Gleason pattern or Gleason Score? | The Gleason score is an important parameter for clinical outcome in prostate cancer patients | Cathepsin B (CB) is involved in degradation of extracellular matrix proteins
during tumor progression in human solid organ tumors (such as colorectal,
bladder, and breast cancers), including human prostate cancer. Its activities
are regulated by endogenous inhibitors (such as stefins or cystatins). Increased
expres... |
How does FTO suppress pancreatic tumorigenesis? | Reduced expression of the m6A demethylase, fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), was responsible for the high levels of m6A RNA modification in pancreatic cancer. Moreover, FTO demethylated the m6A modification of praja ring finger ubiquitin ligase 2 (PJA2), thereby reducing its mRNA decay, suppressing Wnt sig... | Pancreatic cancer is the deadliest maligcy of the digestive system and is the
seventh most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The incidence and
mortality of pancreatic cancer continue to increase, and its 5-year survival
rate remains the lowest among all cancers. N6-methyladenine (m6A) is the most
abu... |
Which tool has been developed to identify the glycan shielding of glycosylated proteins? | GLYCO (GLYcan COverage) is an in silico approach to quantify the glycan shielding of a protein surface. The software provides insights into glycan-dense/sparse regions of the entire protein surface or a subset of the protein surface. GLYCO calculates glycan shielding from a single coordinate file or from multiple coord... | |
What are the targets of Tirbanibulin? | Tirbanibulin is Src kinase signaling inhibitor and tubulin polymerisation inhibitor that is being developed for the topical treatment of actinic keratosis, and psoriasis. | BACKGROUND: Current field-directed treatments of actinic keratosis (AK), a
pre-maligt condition, are often limited by severe local reactions and/or
complex treatment. Tirbanibulin, a novel potent anti-proliferative synthetic
agent that inhibits tubulin polymerization and Src kinase signalling, is being
developed as... |
Is retinol binding protein 4 an adipokine? | Yes,
Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a prominent adipokine. | Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction plays a decisive role in the progression of type 2
diabetes. Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a prominent adipokine in type 2
diabetes, although its effect on β-cell function remains elusive, and the
underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we found that elevated circulating RBP4
le... |
What is the function of BACH1 | BACH1) is the first mammalian heme-binding transcription factor that belongs to the basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) family and a member of CNC (cap 'n' collar | BRCA1 interacts in vivo with a novel protein, BACH1, a member of the DEAH
helicase family. BACH1 binds directly to the BRCT repeats of BRCA1. A BACH1
derivative, bearing a mutation in a residue that was essential for catalytic
function in other helicases, interfered with normal double-strand break repair
in a manne... |
What does the gene symbol EREG stand for? | The gene symbol EREG stands for the gene epiregulin. | Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a pivotal role in collective cell
migration by mediating cell-to-cell propagation of extracellular
signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. Here, we aimed to determine which EGFR
ligands mediate the ERK activation waves. We found that epidermal growth factor
(EGF)-defi... |
Which tool has been developed for proteome-wide detection of membrane lipid-binding proteins? | MBPpred is a profile Hidden Markov Model based method capable of detecting Membrane Binding Proteins (MBPs) from information encoded in their amino acid sequence. | A large number of modular domains that exhibit specific lipid binding properties
are present in many membrane proteins involved in trafficking and signal
transduction. These domains are present in either eukaryotic peripheral membrane
or transmembrane proteins and are responsible for the non-covalent interactions
o... |
What disease can be treated with Avacopan? | Avacopan is effective for ANCA-associated vasculitis. | Alternative C activation is involved in the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated
vasculitis. However, glucocorticoids used as treatment contribute to the
morbidity and mortality of vasculitis. We determined whether avacopan (CCX168),
an orally administered, selective C5a receptor inhibitor, could replace oral
glucocorti... |
Is HYDIN (Hydrocephalus-inducing protein homolog) an axonemal protein? | Yes,
HYDIN is a axonemal protein. | |
What disease is also known as Bechterew's Disease? | Ankylosing spondylitis (Bechterew's disease) is the most typical form of axial SpA whereby sacroiliitis can be found on X-rays of the SI joints. | The authors have used the modified method of the direct gene cloning suggested
by Nichols et al to isolate HLA-B27 gene from a patient suffering from
ankylosing spondylitis. Five restriction enzymes (ClaI, HindIII, SnaBI, PvuI,
SalGI) which had no recognition sites within the 6.0 kb EcoRI-BamHI-DNA fragment
suppose... |
Through which pathway does epiregulin promote leptin secretion? | EREG increased leptin production and secretion in a dose-dependent manner in iAb fat explants via the EGFR/MAPK pathway. | |
Are there any R packages that help with visualizing data on spirals? | Yes. Spiralize is an R package for visualizing data on spirals. | |
Was ALVAC-HIV effective for HIV prevention in the HVTN 702 trial? | No. The ALVAC-gp120 regimen did not prevent HIV-1 infection among participants in South Africa despite previous evidence of immunogenicity | The RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial results showed moderate reduction in viral
infections among vaccinees as well as induction of antibody-dependent cellular
cytotoxicity and vaccine-specific IgG and IgG3 responses directed at variable
loop regions 1 and 2 of the HIV envelope protein. However, with the recent
failure of ... |
Do Afamin bind Vitamin E? | Yes,
Afamin is a plasma vitamin E-binding glycoprotein. | Author information:
(1)Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular
and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
(2)Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research
Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
(3)German ... |
Is disruption of immune regulation mechanisms associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia (PE)? | Inflammation and oxidative stress at the maternal-fetal interface characterize the placental dysfunction that underlies the pregnancy disorder preeclampsia. | Maternal immunity undergoes subtle adjustment in order to tolerate the
semi-allogeneic embryo and maintain the host defense against potential
pathogens. Concomitantly, coagulation systems change from an anti-coagulant
state to a pro-coagulant state to meet the hemostatic challenge of placentation
and delivery. Inna... |
Can autophagy related lncRNAs be used for colorectal cancer prognosis? | Yes, a prognostic prediction model of CRC was built based on nine ARlncRNAs (NKILA, LINC00174, AC008760.1, LINC02041, PCAT6, AC156455.1, LINC01503, LINC00957, and CD27-AS1). The 5-year overall survival rate was significantly lower in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group among train set, validation set, and al... | INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal cancer
and has a low overall survival rate. Tumor-node-metastasis staging alone is
insufficient to predict patient prognosis. Autophagy and long noncoding RNAs
play important roles in regulating the biological behavior of CRC. Therefore,
esta... |
Are there roles for cohesin mutations in AML? | Yes. Several landmark studies have shown that cohesin mutations perturb the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). Emerging data now begin to uncover the molecular mechanisms that underpin this phenotype. Among these mechanisms is a role for cohesin in the co... |
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