question stringlengths 13 215 | ground_truth stringlengths 2 3.15k | context stringlengths 0 157k |
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Which drugs are included in the Lonsurf combination pill? | Lonsurf is an oral fixed dose combination of trifluridine and tipiracil that is used for cancer treatment. | Evolocumab (Repatha) for patients with hypercholesterolemia whose condition has
not been controlled by statins and other therapies; trifluridine/tipiracil
(Lonsurf) for metastatic colorectal cancer; and blood coagulation factor VIII
(Nuwiq) for adults and children with hemophilia A. Within the past several years, no... |
What is the correlation of Cathepsin L and COVID-19? | Cathepsin L (CTSL) is a kind of the SARS-entry-associated CoV-2's proteases, which plays a key role in the virus's entry into the cell and subsequent infection | The ongoing pandemic illustrates limited therapeutic options for controlling
SARS-CoV-2 infections, calling a need for additional therapeutic targets. The
viral spike S glycoprotein binds to the human receptor angiotensin-converting
enzyme 2 (ACE2) and then is activated by the host proteases. Based on the
accessibi... |
Is autism thought to be related to the Arginine Vasopressin Peptide (AVP)? | Differences in vasopressin levels in individuals suffering from the autism spectrum disorders have been demonstrated. | Impaired reciprocal social interaction is one of the core features of autism.
While its determits are complex, one biomolecular pathway that clearly
influences social behavior is the arginine-vasopressin (AVP) system. The
behavioral effects of AVP are mediated through the AVP receptor 1a (AVPR1a),
making the AVPR1a... |
Are there any tools that could predict protein structure considering amino acid sequence? | Yes. Tools such as Jpred, Jnet, Porter 4.0 and PSIPRED Workbench have been developed that predict protein structure based solely on its amino acid sequence, whereas the recently updated Jnet algorithm provides a three-state (alpha-helix, beta-strand and coil) prediction of secondary structure at an accuracy of 81.5%. | Knowledge of the detailed structure of a protein is crucial to our understanding
of the biological functions of that protein. The gap between the number of
solved protein structures and the number of protein sequences continues to widen
rapidly in the post-genomics era due to long and expensive processes for solving... |
Which proteins does p110α interact with? | p110α interacts with p85α and RAS proteins. | Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) mediates insulin actions by relaying signals
from insulin receptors (IRs) to downstream targets. The p110α catalytic subunit
of class IA PI3K is the primary insulin-responsive PI3K implicated in insulin
signaling. We demonstrate here a new mode of spatial regulation for the p110α
su... |
Which is the protein-membrane interface of the Cholesterol-regulated Start protein 4 protein (STARD4)? | L124 is the protein-membrane interface of the Cholesterol-regulated Start protein 4 protein (STARD4). | The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related lipid transfer (START) domain
family is defined by a conserved 210-amino acid sequence that folds into an α/β
helix-grip structure. Members of this protein family bind a variety of ligands,
including cholesterol, phospholipids, sphingolipids, and bile acids, with
p... |
What causes the "worst headache" of a patient's life? | This is a classic description of a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The gold standard for the diagnostic evaluation of a SAH remains non-contrast head computed tomography (CT) followed by lumbar puncture if the CT is negative. | STUDY OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the hypothesis that modern computed
tomographic (CT) imaging is sufficient to exclude subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
in patients with severe headache.
METHODS: All 38,730 adult patients who presented to Hermann Hospital in Houston,
Texas, during a 16-month period were prospect... |
Which are the types of cancer that c-Myc is associated with? | The types of cancer that c-Myc is associates with are breast cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. | The function of c-myc in physiology is only partially known. Its product has DNA
binding properties and plays a role in the control of proliferation and
differentiation. In general, increased c-myc expression leads to proliferation
and abolishment of differentiation. The involvement of c-myc in mouse
plasmacytomas ... |
Which pathways are involved in cellular senescence? | Cellular senescence requires signal transduction, and the two most important signaling pathways are the P16Ink4a/Rb (retinoblastoma protein) pathway and the P19Arf/P53/P21Cip1 pathway, which interact but independently regulate the process of the cells cycle. | Cellular senescence is a program activated by normal cells in response to
various types of stress. These include telomere uncapping, DNA damage, oxidative
stress, oncogene activity and others. Senescence can occur following a period of
cellular proliferation or in a rapid manner in response to acute stress. Once
ce... |
Which disease phenotype has the worst prognosis in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy? | A strong association between the risk of cognitive disability and the involvement of groups of DMD isoforms was found. In particular, improvements in the correlation of FSIQ with mutation location were identified when a new classification system for mutations affecting the Dp140 isoform was implemented. | The clinical course and prognosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) was
compared in patients with deletions of the gene for dystrophin (cDMD) and those
without such deletions. A total of 24 patients was followed for at least 2 yrs.
At age 12 the rating of the activities of daily life (ADL) and disease stage
were... |
What links developmental pathways to ALS? | A direct link between developmental pathways and ALS is not described. However, cytoskeletal proteins such as KIF5A are implicated in ALS, and the cytoskeletal protein N-cadherin is involved in plasticity of the cerebral cortex. Development depends on connections of the sympathetic nervous system, involving mechanisms ... | Modeling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with human induced pluripotent stem
cells (iPSCs) aims to reenact embryogenesis, maturation and aging of spinal
motor neurons (spMNs) in vitro. As the maturity of spMNs grown in vitro compared
to spMNs in vivo remains largely unaddressed, it is unclear to what extent this... |
Is thalidomide used as an immunomodulatory drug nowadays? | Yes. | The sedative thalidomide was withdrawn from the market 30 years ago because of
its teratogenic and neurotoxic adverse effects. The compound was later
discovered to be extremely effective in the treatment of erythema nodosum
leprosum, a complication of lepromatous leprosy. This effect is probably due to
a direct inf... |
Does p85α homodimerize? | p110α-free p85α homodimerizes | The canonical action of the p85α regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol
3-kinase (PI3K) is to associate with the p110α catalytic subunit to allow
stimuli-dependent activation of the PI3K pathway. We elucidate a
p110α-independent role of homodimerized p85α in the positive regulation of PTEN
stability and activit... |
Which are the components that evaluate druglikeness? | Lipinski's rule states that, in general, an orally active drug has no more than one violation of the following criteria:
No more than 5 hydrogen bond donors (the total number of nitrogen–hydrogen and oxygen–hydrogen bonds)
No more than 10 hydrogen bond acceptors (all nitrogen or oxygen atoms)
A molecular mass less than... | Combinatorial chemistry needs focused molecular diversity applied to the
druglike chemical space (drugspace). A drugspace map can be obtained by
systematically applying the same conventions when examining the chemical space,
in a manner similar to the Mercator convention in geography: Rules are
equivalent to dimens... |
Do angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) increase the likelihood of severe COVID-19? | No. Patients receiving angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) should continue treatment with these agents if there is no other reason for discontinuation. Despite speculation that patients with COVID-19 who are receiving these agents may be at increased risk for adverse o... | Concerns have been raised regarding the safety of angiotensin converting enzyme
inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with
coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), based on the hypothesis that such
medications may raise expression of ACE2, the receptor for severe acute
respiratory s... |
Which small molecules inhibit the c-Myc/Max dimerization? | Mycros are the first inhibitors of c-Myc/Max dimerization, which have been demonstrated to inhibit DNA binding of c-Myc with preference over other dimeric transcription factors in vitroMost Myc inhibitors prevent the association between Myc and its obligate heterodimerization partner Max via their respective bHLH-ZIP d... | OBJECTIVE: The protooncogene c-Myc plays an important role in the control of
cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation, and its aberrant expression
is frequently seen in multiple human cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia
(AML). As c-Myc heterodimerizes with Max to transactivate downstream target
gene... |
Which models are used for predicting disease progression in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy? | Longitudinal changes in biomarkers were modeled with a cumulative distribution function using a nonlinear mixed-effects approach. | We used biochemical and clinical variables to develop a method to predict the
expected duration of independent walking following surgery and bracing in
patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Data from the records of fifty
patients were analyzed by linear and multiple regression. The most useful
factors, applied... |
What links muscle cellular pathways to ALS? | Changes to muscle cellular pathways may occur downstream of motor neuron pathology in ALS. Genetic changes to pathways that are important to muscle function may also be causal of the disease. In addition, changes to the muscle may be responsible for motor neuron death. Pathological changes occur in muscle before diseas... | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease
characterized by a selective degeneration of motor neurons, atrophy, and
paralysis of skeletal muscle. Although a significant proportion of familial ALS
results from a toxic gain of function associated with domit SOD1 mutations,
the etio... |
For what known mutations is KRAS gene considered to be oncogenic? | G12C, G12V, G12D and G12A are all observed mutations of the KRAS oncogene. | BACKGROUND: In certain non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) populations, codon 12
mutations of the KRAS oncogene comprising mostly G-T transversions have
diagnostic and prognostic value. However, it is not known if these findings are
applicable to all populations of lung cancer patients.
AIMS: To examine for KRAS codo... |
Which proteins does the p85α interact with? | p85α interacts with itself, with p110α and with p110d | The p85alpha subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3k) forms a complex
with a protein network associated with oncogenic fusion tyrosine kinases (FTKs)
such as BCR/ABL, TEL/ABL, TEL/JAK2, TEL/PDGFbetaR, and NPM/ALK, resulting in
constitutive activation of the p110 catalytic subunit of PI-3k. Introduction of
p... |
Computational tools for predicting allosteric pathways in proteins | CorrSite identifies potential allosteric ligand-binding sites based on motion correlation analyses between cavities. | Allosteric mechanism of proteins is essential in biomolecular signaling. An
important aspect underlying this mechanism is the communication pathways
connecting functional residues. Here, a Monte Carlo (MC) path generation
approach is proposed and implemented to define likely allosteric pathways
through generating a... |
What are the classic signs of a basilar skull fracture? | Basilar skull fractures are fractures of the lower part of the skull. The four classic signs are:
1. Periorbital ecchymosis (“raccoon eyes”).
2. Postauricular ecchymosis (Battle sign).
3. CSF otorrhea or rhinorrhea (leakage of CSF, which is clear in appearance, from the ears or nose).
4. Hemotympanum (blood behind the ... | Forty-six cases of basilar skull fractures in children were reviewed to
determine the incidence of CNS infection following injury and the possible value
of antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis. The clinical course of the children who were
treated with antibiotics was compared with that of patients who received no
antimic... |
Which biomarkers are currently used for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy? | MRI measurements can be used as biomarkers of disease severity in ambulant patients with DMD. malate dehydrogenase 2 as candidate prognostic biomarker for Duchenne muscular dystrophy | Extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) are promising biomarkers of the inherited
muscle wasting condition Duchenne muscular dystrophy, as they allow non-invasive
monitoring of either disease progression or response to therapy. In this study,
serum miRNA profiling reveals a distinct extracellular miRNA signature in
dystro... |
What links lipid metabolism pathways to ALS? | Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is observed early in the spinal cord of the SOD1 ALS mouse model, and abnormal levels of cholesterol and other lipids are observed in the blood and CNS of ALS patients. In addition, higher blood high density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein A1 levels are associated with reduced risk of d... | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is one of the most common adult-onset
neurodegenerative diseases, with progressive paralysis and muscle atrophy. The
exact pathogenic mechanism remains unknown, but recent evidence suggests that
differential gene expression and gene splicing may play a significant role. We
used A... |
What is the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19? | Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a well described and documented condition that is associated with the active or recent COVID-19 infection. A similar presentation in adults is termed as Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in Adults (MIS-A). Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is ... | BACKGROUND: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), also known as
pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome, is a new dangerous childhood
disease that is temporally associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
We aimed to describe the typical presentation and outcomes of children diagnosed
... |
What datasets are available related to Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy? | Using data from the Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance, Tracking, and Research Network (MD STARnet) Five sources of RWD/NHD were contributed by Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, DMD Italian Group, The Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group, ImagingDMD, and the PRO-DMD-01 study (n = 430 patients, in total)... | PURPOSE: To determine whether sociodemographic factors are associated with
delays at specific steps in the diagnostic process of Duchenne and Becker
muscular dystrophy.
METHODS: We examined abstracted medical records for 540 males from
population-based surveillance sites in Arizona, Colorado, Georgia, Iowa, and
wes... |
What links immune response pathways to ALS? | Microglia, which are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system, are strongly implicated in ALS, their activation being correlated with various clinical features, and inflammatory microglial responses being correlated withe disease progression. The immune response may be implicated in other ways with ALS mo... | The immune system has been found to be involved with positive and negative
effects in the nervous system of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients.
In general, T cells, B cells, NK cells, mast cells, macrophages, dendritic
cells, microglia, antibodies, complement and cytokines participate in limiting
damage. ... |
Which vitamin deficiencies may present with neurologic signs or symptoms? | Many vitamin deficiencies have been described as a cause of neurologic signs and symptoms. For instance, vitamin B12 deficiency can cause several types of neurological manifestations, such as subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord, ataxia, peripheral polyneuropathy, optic nerve neuropathy, and cognitive diso... | We reviewed 153 episodes of cobalamin deficiency involving the nervous system
that occurred in 143 patients seen over a recent 17-year period at 2 New York
City hospitals. Pernicious anemia was the most common underlying cause of the
deficiency. Neurologic complaints, most commonly paresthesias or ataxia, were
the ... |
Which are the uses of deep learning models in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy? | Deep Learning of Ultrasound Imaging for Evaluating Ambulatory Function of Individuals with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. | BACKGROUND: Children with physical impairments are at a greater risk for obesity
and decreased physical activity. A better understanding of physical activity
pattern and energy expenditure (EE) would lead to a more targeted approach to
intervention.
OBJECTIVE: This study focuses on studying the use of machine-learni... |
What is "long-COVID"? | "Long-COVID" is a complex condition where the affected individuals do not recover for several weeks or months following the onset of symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, and the symptoms are not explained by an alternative diagnosis.
Persistent physical symptoms following acute COVID-19 are common and typically include fa... | Large numbers of people are being discharged from hospital following COVID-19
without assessment of recovery. In 384 patients (mean age 59.9 years; 62% male)
followed a median 54 days post discharge, 53% reported persistent
breathlessness, 34% cough and 69% fatigue. 14.6% had depression. In those
discharged with el... |
Are functional tests a good biomarker for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy? | North Star Ambulatory Assessment is practical and reliable. allow assessment of high-functioning boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. | Eighteen boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) were assessed for their
ability to perform tasks involving wrist and hand function. Each subject was
assessed using the Jebsen Test of Hand Function, range of motion measurements,
and muscle strength tests. Writing and simulated page turning were performed
succes... |
What is the most sensitive test for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis? | These results support previous conclusions that MRI is the most sensitive test for detecting white matter asymptomatic lesions, and the most predictive for the diagnosis of CDMS. | The relation between the results of 7 biological markers (cells, total protein,
albumin, IgG, IgG ratio, Tibbling ratio, and Tourtellotte's formula) and 4
paraclinical tests (PEV, PEATC, CT and MR) in 236 patients with multiple
sclerosis (MS) not selected by the localization of symptoms were studied. One
hundred fo... |
Define pseudotumor cerebri. How is it treated? | Benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) is characterized by an elevation of the intracranial pressure not associated with an intracranial process or hydrocephaly, and with normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contents. The elevation of the intracranial pressure is isolated; therefore, diseases such as cerebral venous thromb... | Pseudotumor cerebri is a central nervous disorder with elevated intracranial
pressure that is most common among young obese women. It presents with headache,
transient visual obscurations and loss of central vision. Papilledema and visual
field defects are frequent. Acetazolamid can be used for treatment. If medical... |
What is pseudodementia? | Depression can cause some clinical symptoms and signs of dementia, classically in older adults. This type of "dementia" is called pseudodementia and is typically reversible with treatment. | Pseudodementia is the syndrome in which dementia is mimicked or caricatured by
functional psychiatric disorders. The author describes 10 patients with
pseudodementia and compares its clinical features with those of true dementia.
The syndrome occurred in patients with various psychiatric diagnoses, but a
striking f... |
Should acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) be used when providing supportive care for COVID-19? | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been theorized to cause harm in patients with COVID-19, but clinical data are limited. Given the uncertainty, acetaminophen is the preferred antipyretic agent for most patients rather than NSAIDs. If NSAIDs are needed, the lowest effective dose is recommended. | Given the current SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, the availability of reliable
information for clinicians and patients is paramount. There have been a number
of reports stating that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and
corticosteroids may exacerbate symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, this
revie... |
Is there a way to distinguish COVID-19 clinically from other respiratory illnesses, particularly influenza? | No, the clinical features of COVID-19 overlap substantially with influenza and other respiratory viral illnesses. There is no way to distinguish among them without testing. | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently causing a pandemic and will
likely persist in endemic form in the foreseeable future. Physicians need to
correctly approach this new disease, often representing a challenge in terms of
differential diagnosis. Although COVID-19 lacks specific signs and symptoms, we
be... |
What is the incubation period for COVID-19? | For COVID-19, the mean incubation period was 6.0 days globally but near 7.0 days in the mainland of China, which will help identify the time of infection and make disease control decisions. The Delta VOC yielded a significantly shorter incubation period (4.0 vs. 6.0 days), higher viral load (20.6 vs. 34.0, cycle thresh... | A novel coronavirus disease, designated as COVID-19, has become a pandemic
worldwide. This study aims to estimate the incubation period and serial interval
of COVID-19. We collected contact tracing data in a municipality in Hubei
province during a full outbreak period. The date of infection and
infector-infectee pa... |
What is Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)? | Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune mediated neuropathy, polyradiculoneuritis, characterized by rapid onset of symmetric extremity muscle paralysis, areflexia and albuminocytological dissociation in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Recently, the heterogeneity of GBS has been noticed with definition of severa... | Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a complicated degenerative disorder which can
be chronic or acute in nature. Its etiology is unclear although it has been
associated with both cell- and humoral-mediated autoimmune mechanisms.
Pathophysiologic effects of the disease include inflammation, demyelination of
peripheral ... |
Is lumbar puncture the first test that should be performed on a patient with increased intracranial pressure? | No. A lumbar puncture is contraindicated in any patient with signs of increased intracranial pressure because it may precipitate cerebral herniation and death. For this reason, a computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is done first. When the findings of the scan are normal, a lumbar puncture ... | CSF evaluation is the single most important aspect of the laboratory diagnosis
of meningitis. Analysis of the CSF abnormalities produced by bacterial,
mycobacterial, and fungal infections may greatly facilitate diagnosis and direct
initial therapy. Basic studies of CSF that should be performed in all patients
with ... |
What laboratory abnormalities are commonly seen in patients with COVID-19? | Common laboratory abnormalities among patients with COVID-19 include:
1. Elevated inflammatory markers (e.g., ferritin, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate).
2. Elevated aminotransaminase levels (i.e., AST, ALT).
3. Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels.
4. Lymphopenia, leucocytosis.
Abnormal... | The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic first broke out in December 2019 in
Wuhan, China, and has now spread worldwide. Laboratory findings have been only
partially described in some observational studies. To date, more comprehensive
systematic reviews of laboratory findings on COVID-19 are missing. We performed... |
Do only changes in coding regions of MEF2C cause developmental disorders? | No. Non-coding region variants upstream of MEF2C cause severe developmental disorder through three distinct loss-of-function mechanisms. | Author information:
(1)Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical
School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK.
(2)National Heart & Lung Institute and MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences,
Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; Cardiovascular Research Centre,
Ro... |
Which factor is inhibited by Milvexian? | Milvexian is a small molecule, active-site inhibitor of factor XIa (FXIa) being developed to prevent and treat thrombotic events. | Factor XIa (FXIa) is an enzyme in the coagulation cascade thought to amplify
thrombin generation but has a limited role in hemostasis. From preclinical
models and human genetics, an inhibitor of FXIa has the potential to be an
antithrombotic agent with superior efficacy and safety. Reversible and
irreversible inhib... |
What is Granzyme B? | Granzyme B is a serine protease that is secreted by Natural Killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes during a cellular immune response and can induce apoptosis. | Granzyme B is known to be a serine protease contained in granules of cytotoxic T
cells. We have previously reported an influence of granzyme B expression in T
regulatory cells (Tregs) on the risk of acute graft versus host disease (GVHD)
onset. However, it is still unknown if conventional T cells (Tcon) use the
gra... |
Is CircRNA produced by back splicing of exon, intron or both, forming exon or intron circRNA? | Human transcriptome contains a large number of circular RNAs (circRNAs) that are mainly produced by back splicing of pre-mRNA. | Circular RNAs (circRNAs) belong to a recently re-discovered species of RNA that
emerge during RNA maturation through a process called back-splicing. A
downstream 5' splice site is linked to an upstream 3' splice site to form a
circular transcript instead of a canonical linear transcript. Recent advances in
next-gen... |
How does condensin affect the function of topoisomeraseII? | Condensin prevents deleterious anaphase bridges during chromosome segregation by promoting sister chromatid decatenation. | Assembly of compact mitotic chromosomes and resolution of sister chromatids are
two essential processes for the correct segregation of the genome during
mitosis. Condensin, a five-subunit protein complex, is thought to be required
for chromosome condensation. However, recent genetic analysis suggests that
condensin... |
Which signaling pathway does LY294002 inhibit? | LY294002, can block the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. | Internal tandem duplications (ITD) mutation within FMS-like tyrosine kinase
3 (FLT3), the most frequent mutation happens in almost 20% acute myeloid
leukemia (AML) patients, always predicts a poor prognosis. As a small molecule
tyrosine kinase inhibitor, sorafenib is clinically used for the treatment of
advanced re... |
Is METTL1 overexpression associated with better patient survival? | No. METTL1 is frequently amplified and overexpressed in cancers and is associated with poor patient survival. | Author information:
(1)Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's
Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and
Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
(2)Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton,
Camb... |
List monoclonal antibodies included in the REGEN-COV. | REGEN-COV is a combination of the monoclonal antibodies casirivimab and imdevimab. It has been shown to markedly reduce the risk of hospitalization or death among high-risk persons with coronavirus disease 2019. | IMPORTANCE: Easy-to-administer antiviral treatments may be used to prevent
progression from asymptomatic infection to COVID-19 and to reduce viral
carriage.
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous casirivimab and
imdevimab antibody combination (REGEN-COV) to prevent progression from early
asympt... |
Which disease is caused by mutations in the gene PRF1? | The presence of mutations in PRF1, UNC13D, STX11 and STXBP2 genes in homozygosis or compound heterozygosis results in immune deregulation. Most such cases lead to clinical manifestations of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). | Author information:
(1)Immunology Division, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Jeffrey
Model Foundation Excellence Center, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
(2)Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy Group, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron
Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
(3... |
What protein is encoded by the GRN gene? | Loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding for the protein progranulin (PGRN), GRN, are one of the major genetic abnormalities involved in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. | Progranulin is a growth factor involved in the regulation of multiple processes
including tumorigenesis, wound repair, development, and inflammation. The recent
discovery that mutations in the gene encoding for progranulin (GRN) cause
frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and other neurodegenerative diseases
le... |
What is the difference in the roles of Tcf1 and Tcf3 during development? | Τhere are opposing effects of Tcf3 and Tcf1 in the control of Wnt stimulation of embryonic stem cell self-renewal. In contrast to β-catenin-dependent functions described for Tcf1 the known embryonic functions for Tcf3 are consistent with β-catenin-independent repressor activity. Wnt signal stimulation reduces the level... | The co-occupancy of Tcf3 with Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog on embryonic stem cell (ESC)
chromatin indicated that Tcf3 has been suggested to play an integral role in a
poorly understood mechanism underlying Wnt-dependent stimulation of mouse ESC
self-renewal of mouse ESCs. Although the conventional view of Tcf proteins as
t... |
Why mix γ-cyclodextrin with grapefruit juice? | Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) juice enhances the oral bioavailability of drugs that are metabolized by intestinal cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Patients are advised to avoid drinking grapefruit juice to prevent this drug-grapefruit juice interaction. The inhibition of CYP3A by grapefruit juice was significantly attenuat... | |
What is disrupted by ALS- and FTD-associated missense mutations in TBK1? | ALS- and FTD-associated missense mutations in TBK1 differentially disrupt mitophagy. | TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is a multifunctional kinase with an essential role
in mitophagy, the selective clearance of damaged mitochondria. More than 90
distinct mutations in TBK1 are linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and
fronto-temporal dementia, including missense mutations that disrupt the
abiliti... |
What is Morel–Lavallée lesion? | Morel-Lavallée lesion is a closed degloving soft-tissue injury that results in the accumulation of a hemolymphatic fluid between the skin/superficial fascia and the deep fascia. | BACKGROUND: The Morel-Lavallee lesion is a closed degloving injury most commonly
described in the region of the hip joint after blunt trauma. It also occurs in
the knee as a result of shearing trauma during football and is a distinct lesion
from prepatellar bursitis and quadriceps contusion.
PURPOSE: To review the a... |
What is known about the protein patatin? | Patatin, the major protein found in potatoes, was purified and shows several isoforms. The essential amino acid content of patatin was ashighas 76%, indicating that it is a valuable protein source. Patatin was an O-linked glycoprotein that contained fucose monosaccharides, as well as mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galacto... | Potato patatin is considered a valuable plant protein by the food industry for
its exceptional functional properties and nutritional value. Nonetheless, it has
not been widely used due to its low abundance in potatoes and high cost. Pichia
pastoris was utilized for expression of patatin to overcome agricultural
lim... |
What is the mode of action of primaquine? | Primaquine (PQ) not only eliminates P. falciparum gametocytes but also kills liver dormant forms of P. vivax and P. ovale. | Four amphipathic drugs, primaquine, propranolol, chlorpromazine and tetracaine,
were used to cause endocytosis in glucose-depleted red cells, and the relative
reduction of membrane surfaces was measured by the toluidine blue (TB) method.
The TB measurements correlated well with the observed electron microscopic
alt... |
Which databases are devoted to 3D genome interactions? | 3DIV is a 3D-genome Interaction Viewer and database. The 3D Genome Browser is a web-based browser for visualizing 3D genome organization and long-range chromatin interactions. GMOL is an Interactive Tool for 3D Genome Structure Visualization. 3Disease Browser is a Web server for integrating 3D genome and disease-associ... | Author information:
(1)Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological
Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, P. R.
China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing
100049, National Center for Protein Science, Shanghai 333 Haike Road... |
Where does REGN5458 bind to? | The bispecific antibody REGN5458 binds to B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and CD3. | |
Do mutations in KCNT2 only cause phenotypes with epilepsy? | No. There is a report of pathogenic variants in KCNT2 causing a developmental phenotype without epilepsy. | |
Is there an association between pyostomatitis vegetans and Crohn's disease? | Yes. Pyostomatitis vegetans (PV) is a rare condition characterized by pustules that affect the oral mucosa. It is a highly specific marker for inflammatory bowel disease and its correct recognition may lead to the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. | Pyostomatitis vegetans is a rare disease of the oral cavity with characteristic
clinical and histopathological findings. Its importance lies in its high
correlation with inflammatory diseases of the intestinal tract. The present case
report and a review of the literature are taken as a basis to discuss the
disease ... |
Is serotonin transported by platelets? | Yes,
platelets transport serotonin. | Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a clinically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental
disorder that is caused by gene-environment interactions. To improve its
diagnosis and treatment, numerous efforts have been undertaken to identify
reliable biomarkers for autism. None of them have delivered the holy grail that
represen... |
Proteins in the karyopherin family (Kaps) are associated with what cellular process? | Nuclear translocation of large proteins is mediated through specific protein carriers, collectively named karyopherins (importins, exportins and adaptor proteins) | The alpha- and beta-karyopherins (Kaps), also called importins, mediate the
nuclear transport of proteins. All alpha-Kaps contain a central domain composed
of eight approximately 40 amino acid, tandemly arranged, armadillo-like (Arm)
repeats. The number and order of these repeats have not changed since the common
o... |
What percentage of human genes have no introns? | About 3% of human genes have no introns. URL_0 | Nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), also called mRNA surveillance, is an
evolutionarily conserved pathway that degrades mRNAs that prematurely terminate
translation. To date, the pathway in mammalian cells has been shown to depend on
the presence of a cis-acting destabilizing element that usually consists of an
exon-exo... |
What are the currently FDA approved monoclonal antibodies for myeloma? | The US Food and Drug Administration approved MoAbs, include belantamab mafodotin, daratumumab, elotuzumab, and isatuximab. | In the past several years, there have been significant advances in the
therapeutic arsenal of agents used to treat multiple myeloma (MM). Despite these
advances, MM remains incurable. One of the most recent therapeutic advances is
the development of targeted monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). The MoAbs have
significant... |
What is caused by biallelic variants in PCDHGC4? | Biallelic variants in PCDHGC4 cause a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome with progressive microcephaly, seizures, and joint anomalies. | Author information:
(1)Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne and University
Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
(2)Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne,
Germany.
(3)Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National
Institute for Bi... |
Is Sotrovimab effective for COVID-19? | Yes. Among high-risk patients with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, sotrovimab reduced the risk of disease progression. | BACKGROUND: Many recent studies have investigated the role of drug interventions
for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. However, an important
question has been raised about how to select the effective and secure
medications for COVID-19 patients. The aim of this analysis was to assess the
efficacy and s... |
Is Otolin-1 a matrix protein? | Yes,
otolin-1 is a otoconia matrix protein. | In the biomineralization processes, proteins are thought to control the
polymorphism and morphology of the crystals by forming complexes of structural
and mineral-associated proteins. To identify such proteins, we have searched for
proteins that may form high-molecular-weight (HMW) aggregates in the matrix of
fish ... |
List the drug targets of Faricimab? | Faricimab, a bispecific antibody that inhibits VEGF-A and Ang-2. | Introduction: The Tie-2/Angiopoietin pathway is a therapeutic target for the
treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic
macular edema (DME). Activation of Tie-2 receptor via Ang-1 maintains vascular
stability to limit exudation. Ang-2, a competitive antagonist to Ang-1, and
VE-PTP... |
What induces downstream of gene (DoG) readthrough transcription? | Stress-induced transcriptional readthrough generates very long downstream of gene containing transcripts (DoGs), which may explain up to 20% of intergenic transcription. Massive induction of transcriptional readthrough generates downstream of gene-containing transcripts (DoGs) in cells under stress condition. Ca2+ sign... | In cells productively infected with adenovirus type 5, transcription is not
terminated between the E1a gene and the adjacent downstream E1b gene. Insertion
of the mouse beta(maj)-globin transcription termination sequence (GGT) into the
E1a coding region dramatically reduces early, but not late, E1b expression (E.
F... |
What is the effect of rHDL-apoE3 on endothelial cell migration? | rHDL-apoE3 has been shown to promote endothelial cell migration. | INTRODUCTION: Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease (ASCAD) is the leading
cause of mortality worldwide. Novel therapeutic approaches aiming to improve the
atheroprotective functions of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) include the use of
reconstituted HDL forms containing human apolipoprotein A-I (rHDL-apoA-I). Give... |
Is AGO2 related to cytokinesis? | Yes. AGO2 localizes to cytokinetic protrusions in a p38-dependent manner and is needed for accurate cell division. | Argonaute 2 (AGO2) is an indispensable component of the RNA-induced silencing
complex, operating at the translational or posttranscriptional level. It is
compartmentalized into structures such as GW- and P-bodies, stress granules and
adherens junctions as well as the midbody. Here we show using
immunofluorescence, ... |
Hampton’s hump is characteristic to which disease? | Hampton’s hump is characteristic to pulmonary embolism. | A 56-year-old man presented to the Accident and Emergency Department with
pleuritic chest pain of sudden onset. He gave a history of short-distance air
travel ten days earlier. Chest radiograph showed a peripheral-based opacity in
the right lower zone, which was not seen in a previous study done three months
ago, s... |
What is the activity of Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1. | Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a known immunosuppressive enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the oxidation of tryptophan (Trp) to kynurenine (Kyn), has received increasing attention as an attractive immunotherapeutic target for cancer therapy. | Author information:
(1)State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan
University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China. Electronic address:
19110700091@fudan.edu.cn.
(2)State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan
University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai... |
What is the purpose of Macropinocytosis? | Macropinocytosis is an endocytic process, which involves the engulfment of extra-cellular content in vesicles known as macropinosomes. | Gonococcal entry into primary human urethral epithelial cells (HUEC) can occur
by macropinocytosis. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed
lamellipodia surrounding gonococci, and confocal laser scanning microscopy
analysis showed organisms colocalized with M(r) 70,000 fluorescein
isothiocyanate-labe... |
Which was the first species in which a de novo gene emergence ("gene birth") was reported? | New genes can arise through duplication of a pre-existing gene or de novo from non-coding DNA, providing raw material for evolution of new functions in response to a changing environment. A prime example is the independent evolution of antifreeze glycoprotein genes (afgps) in the Arctic codfishes and Antarctic notothen... | Novel protein-coding genes can arise either through re-organization of
pre-existing genes or de novo. Processes involving re-organization of
pre-existing genes, notably after gene duplication, have been extensively
described. In contrast, de novo gene birth remains poorly understood, mainly
because translation of s... |
What are chromones? | The chromones are a class of chemical compounds characterised by the presence of the structure 5:6 benz-1:4-pyrone in their chemical make-up. | The chromones are a class of chemical compounds characterised by the presence of
the structure 5:6 benz-1:4-pyrone in their chemical make-up. The first chromone
in clinical use, khellin, was extracted from the seeds of the plant Ammi
visnaga, and had been used for centuries as a diuretic and as a smooth muscle
rela... |
Which type of cancer has been suggested as a strategy for potential small-molecule inhibition of METTL3? | Small-molecule inhibition of METTL3 is a strategy against myeloid leukaemia. Targeting of RNA-modifying enzymes represents a promising avenue for anticancer therapy. | Author information:
(1)Milner Therapeutics Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
(2)Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge,
UK.
(3)Storm Therapeutics Ltd, Cambridge, UK.
(4)Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK.
(5)Evotec (U... |
What is the mechanism of action of Lanifibranor? | Lanifibranor is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist. | Here, we describe the identification and synthesis of novel indole sulfonamide
derivatives that activate the three peroxisome proliferator activated receptor
(PPAR) isoforms. Starting with a PPARα activator, compound 4, identified during
a high throughput screening (HTS) of our proprietary screening library, a
syst... |
Is the protein HOXA11 associated with endometrial disease? | Yes,
Low HOXA11 expression may promote the proliferation, migration, invasion of endometrial cancer cells | |
Summarize the function of DEAH helicase DHX36 and its role in G-quadruplex-dependent processes. | DEAH-Box helicase 36 (DHX36), a member of the large DExD/H box helicase family, enzymatically unwinds both G4 DNA and G4 RNA. RNA helicases of the DEAH/RHA family form a large and conserved class of enzymes that remodel RNA protein complexes (RNPs) by translocating along the RNA | Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are frequently dysregulated in a variety of human
cancers. However, their biological roles in these cancers remain incompletely
understood. In this study, we analyze the gene expression profiles of colon
cancer tissues and identify a previously unotated lncRNA, FLJ39051, that we
term ... |
What is the function of the YY1 transcriptional regulator? | The ubiquitous transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is known to have a fundamental role in normal biologic processes such as embryogenesis, differentiation, replication, and cellular proliferation. YY1 is a transcription factor that can activate or repress transcription of a variety of genes and is involved in several... | The assembly of multicomponent complexes at promoters, enhancers, and silencers
likely entails perturbations in the path of the DNA helix. We present evidence
that YY1, a ubiquitously expressed DNA-binding protein, regulates the activity
of the c-fos promoter primarily through an effect on DNA structure. YY1 binds t... |
Which CYP genes' expression is decreased at the in vivo level following pomegranate juice consumption? | It was found that pomegranate juice consumption decreased total hepatic CYP content as well as the expression of CYP1A2 and CYP3A. | Beneficial health effects have recently been claimed for pomegranate juice. In
vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated its anti-atherosclerotic capacity,
chemoprevention and chemotherapy of prostate cancer, and antiproliferative,
apoptotic, and antioxidant activity, among others. On the other hand, there is a
c... |
Class-defining mutations in which genes drive FLT3-ITD-mutant AML? | Advances in cancer genomics have revealed genomic classes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterized by class-defining mutations, such as chimeric fusion genes or in genes such as NPM1, MLL, and CEBPA. These class-defining mutations frequently synergize with internal tandem duplications in FLT3 (FLT3-ITDs) to drive ... | Advances in cancer genomics have revealed genomic classes of acute myeloid
leukemia (AML) characterized by class-defining mutations, such as chimeric
fusion genes or in genes such as NPM1, MLL, and CEBPA. These class-defining
mutations frequently synergize with internal tandem duplications in FLT3
(FLT3-ITDs) to dr... |
Belzutifan has shown effectiveness for which diseases? | Belzutifan is the small-molecule HIF 2 alpha inhibitor that has demonstrated significant efficacy in the von Hippel-Lindau disease related renal cell carcinomas, hemangioblastomas, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors while demonstrating an acceptable safety profile | In a first, the FDA has approved an inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α.
The drug is also the first approved to treat von Hippel-Lindau
disease-associated renal cell carcinoma, central nervous system
hemangioblastomas, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. BACKGROUND: The 2021 American Society of Clinical Oncol... |
Where are the PUX proteins found? | PUX proteins specifically associate with the nucleoskeleton underneath the INM. | In plants, AAA-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) Cell Division Control Protein
48 (CDC48) uses the force generated through ATP hydrolysis to pull, extract, and
unfold ubiquitylated or sumoylated proteins from the membrane, chromatin, or
protein complexes. The resulting changes in protein or RNA content are an
impor... |
Are Tregs CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells a positive regulator of the immune response? | CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are negative regulators of the immune system that induce and maintain immune tolerance. | Immune activation during chronic HIV infection is a strong clinical predictor of
death and may mediate CD4(+) T cell depletion. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are
CD4(+)CD25(bright)CD62L(high) cells that actively down-regulate immune
responses. We asked whether loss of Tregs during HIV infection mediates immune
activat... |
Is Mediator present at super enhancers? | Yes. Super enhancers are clusters of enhancers that are densely occupied by the master regulator and mediator. | The HSA21 encoded Single-minded 2 (SIM2) transcription factor has key
neurological functions and is a good candidate to be involved in the cognitive
impairment of Down syndrome. We aimed to explore the functional capacity of SIM2
by mapping its DNA binding sites in mouse embryonic stem cells. ChIP-sequencing
reveal... |
Does atemoya juice inhibit the CYP1A2 enzyme? | Yes, atemoya juice inhibits the CYP1A2 enzyme. | BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Atemoya (Annona atemoya) is increasingly being
consumed worldwide because of its pleasant taste. However, only limited
information is available concerning possible atemoya-drug interactions. In the
present study, the issue of whether atemoya shows food-drug interactions with
substrate dru... |
What is caused by biallelic variants in SPATA5L1? | Biallelic variants in SPATA5L1 lead to intellectual disability, spastic-dystonic cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and hearing loss. | Author information:
(1)Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine,
University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
(2)Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
85016, USA; Departments of Child Health, Neurology, Cellular, and Molecular
Medicine and Pro... |
A combination of which two drugs was tested in the IMbrave150 trial? | IMbrave150 trial tested a combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. | For over a decade, sorafenib remained the only systemic agent with proven
clinical efficacy for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Recent years have seen a proliferation of agents. In the first line, lenvatinib
was found to be non-inferior to sorafenib in terms of overall survival (OS),
with sig... |
Is ALS a heritable disease? | Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the motor system. The etiology is still unknown and the pathogenesis remains unclear. ALS is familial in the 10% of cases with a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease. The majority
of cases are sporadic (sALS), while the most common inherited form is due to
C9orf72 mutation (C9ALS). A high burden of inclusion pathology is seen in glia
(including oligodendrocytes) in ALS, especially in C9ALS. Myelin basic protein
... |
What is ARNIL? | Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) antisense noncoding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) is involved in several human cancers. | Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) antisense noncoding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) is
involved in several human cancers. However, the role of ANRIL in renal cell
carcinoma (RCC) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore whether, and how,
ANRIL affects the progression of RCC. First, the expression of ANRIL in clinical ... |
What is the indication of CPX-351? | CPX-351 has been approved by the US FDA and the EMA for the treatment of adults with newly diagnosed therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia or acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes. | BACKGROUND: CPX-351 (United States: Vyxeos®; Europe: Vyxeos® Liposomal), a
dual-drug liposomal encapsulation of daunorubicin and cytarabine in a
synergistic 1:5 molar ratio, is approved by the US FDA and the EMA for the
treatment of adults with newly diagnosed therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia
or acute myeloid... |
List signs of patients with biallelic variants in KARS1 | KARS1-associated signs are autism, hyperactive behavior, pontine hypoplasia, and cerebellar atrophy with prevalent vermian involvement. | |
Which substance use is associated with Brodifacoum poisoning? | Brodifacoum poisoning was linked to marijuana use. | We report the case of a 17-year-old boy with a significant history of drug and
alcohol abuse, which included smoking marijuana mixed with brodifacoum. As a
consequence, the patient developed a prolonged coagulopathy that persisted for
more than 1 year. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in the
litera... |
What is Alphafold? | AlphaFold is a novel machine learning approach that incorporates physical and biological knowledge about protein structure, leveraging multi-sequence alignments, into the design of the deep learning algorithm. | Proteins are essential to life, and understanding their structure can facilitate
a mechanistic understanding of their function. Through an enormous experimental
effort1-4, the structures of around 100,000 unique proteins have been
determined5, but this represents a small fraction of the billions of known
protein se... |
List diseases that are repeat expansion disorders (REDs). | The expansion of Short tandem repeats underlies the pathogenesis of multiple neurological disorders, including Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and frontotemporal dementia, fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, and myotonic dystrophies, known as repeat expansion disorders (REDs). | Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal domit neurodegenerative disorder
caused by an expanded (CAG)n repeat on the huntingtin gene. It is characterised
by motor, psychiatric and cognitive disturbances. Diagnosis can be confirmed by
direct genetic testing, which is highly sensitive and specific and is now
conside... |
What is bb21217? | BB21217 is a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T-cell therapy used to target B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) in the treatment of multiple myeloma. | Despite considerable advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) in the
last decade, a substantial proportion of patients do not respond to current
therapies or have a short duration of response. Furthermore, these treatments
can have notable morbidity and are not uniformly tolerated in all patients. As
ther... |
Describe the syndrome that is caused by biallelic variants in HPDL | Biallelic HPDL variants cause a syndrome varying from juvenile-onset pure hereditary spastic paraplegia to infantile-onset spastic tetraplegia associated with global developmental delays. | Author information:
(1)Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Munich,
Germany.
(2)Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University
College London, London, UK.
(3)Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu, Taipei,
Taiwan.
(4)Department of Neuro... |
Which receptor is targeted by Spesolimab? | Spesolimab is a novel anti-interleukin-36 receptor antibody. | The registration of the tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitor adalimumab in 2015
was a major step forward in the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa/acne
inversa (HS). However, it soon became evident that the effectiveness of
adalimumab in daily practice was highly variable. A significant unmet medical
need of HS pa... |
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