question stringlengths 13 215 | ground_truth stringlengths 2 3.15k | context stringlengths 0 157k |
|---|---|---|
Does the royal jelly contain proteins? | Yes, main bioactive compounds of Royal Jelly, include proteins and peptides. | This study aimed to evaluate the quality of the royal jelly produced by Apis
mellifera bees in the presence of different iron concentrations (ferrous sulfate
heptahydrate-0, 25, 50, and 100 mg L-1). Two-dimensional electrophoresis was
used for the fractionation of royal jelly proteins, and iron level was
quantified... |
What is the brand name for erenumab? | Aimovig (erenumab; erenumab-aooe in the United States) is the only US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy against the CGRP receptor (CGRPR) for the prevention of migraine. | Amgen and Novartis are developing erenumab (AIMOVIG™, erenumab-aooe)-a fully
human monoclonal antibody calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor
antagonist-for the prevention of migraine. CGRP is a vasodilatory neuropeptide
implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine and treatment with erenumab was
associat... |
Which protein does capmatinib bind? | Capmatinib binds MET. | Capmatinib (Tabrecta™) is an oral, small molecule mesenchymal-epithelial
transition (MET) inhibitor being developed by Novartis Oncology, under a license
from Incyte Corporation, for the treatment of lung cancer. Capmatinib targets
and selectively binds to MET, including the mutant variant produced by exon 14
skipp... |
Which neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with 16p13.11 genomic copy number variants? | schizophrenia, autism, mental retardation, ADHD, epilepsy | |
What is carcinoma en cuirasse? | Breast carcinoma en cuirasse is an extremely rare form of cutaneous metastases of breast cancer, characterized by diffuse sclerodermoid induration of the skin. | Metastatic carcinoma of the skin develops per continuitatem, being disseminated
by the lymphogenous and hematogenous pathways. From 3% to 5% of these metastases
are described as cutaneous metastases. Metastases of the skin most frequently
occur in breast cancer, and manifest as carcinoma en cuirasse characterized by... |
What is carboxyglutamate? | One of the important glutamic acid modifications is post-translationally modified 4-carboxyglutamate. | Glutamic acid is an alpha-amino acid used by all living beings in protein
biosynthesis. One of the important glutamic acid modifications is
post-translationally modified 4-carboxyglutamate. It has a significant role in
blood coagulation. 4-carboxyglumates are required for the binding of calcium
ions. On the contrar... |
What is Morton's Neuroma? | Morton's neuroma (MN) is a neuralgia involving the common plantar digital nerves of the metatarsal region. | Morton's "neuroma" is a perineurofibrosis of an interdigital nerve. The authors
describe various factors that may be responsible for the development of this
lesion and relate this information to two case histories. In these cases,
treatment with manipulation, various physical therapy modalities, and/or foot
orthoti... |
Which company produces the HercepTest? | DAKO is the company producing the companion diagnostic HercepTest. | |
Does UBE4B promote renal cancer? | Yes. UBE4B might act as an oncogene in regulating renal cancer development. Therefore it could be served as an effective indicator to predict OS and a potential biomarker for targeted therapy of renal cancer patients. | OBJECT: This study aimed at investigating the clinical significance and
biological function of ubiquitination factor E4B (UBE4B) in human renal cell
carcinoma (RCC).
METHODS: 19 paired clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tumor samples and the
matched neighboring non-tumor samples were used to detect the expressi... |
Does addition of valproic acid improve survival of patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma? | No. Addition of valproic acid and bevacizumab to radiation was well tolerated but did not appear to improve survival in children with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. | Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma is a pediatric oncologic disease with dismal
prognosis and no effective treatment. Since 2007, our patients have been using
valproic acid as prophylactic anticonvulsant. We have undertaken a retrospective
study in order to evaluate the influence of valproate in the outcomes of
child... |
List the main protein families found in human tears? | Lipocalin
Cystatin S (CST4),
calcyclin (S100A6),
calgranulin A (S100A8)
matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9)
LTF,
LYZ,
ZAG,
DNAJC3 | Tears are highly concentrated in proteins relative to other biofluids, and a
notable fraction of tear proteins are proteases and protease inhibitors. These
components are present in a delicate equilibrium that maintains ocular surface
homeostasis in response to physiological and temporal cues. Dysregulation of the
... |
In what year did Gregor Mendel die? | The life and personality of Johann Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) | The life and personality of Johann Gregor Mendel (1822-1884), the founder of
scientific genetics, are reviewed against the contemporary background of his
times. At the end are weighed the benefits for Mendel (as charged by Sir Ronald
Fisher) to have documented his results on hand of falsified data. Mendel was
born ... |
List 4 monoclonal antibodies in development for the prevention of migraine. | Four monoclonal antibodies targeting either the CGRP ligand or receptor are being studied for migraine prevention: ALD403 (eptinezumab), AMG 334 (erenumab), LY2951742 (galcanezumab), and TEV-48125 (fremanezumab) | Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a signaling neuropeptide released from
activated trigeminal sensory afferents in headache and facial pain disorders.
There are a handful of CGRP-targeted therapies currently in phase 3 studies for
migraine acute treatment or prevention. Currently, 4 monoclonal antibodies
ta... |
Is there a role for CADM1 in Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)? | Yes, CADM1 may be important in the physiopathology of the del(11q) MDS, extending its role as tumor-suppressor gene from solid tumors to hematopoietic malignancies with deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11. | Author information:
(1)Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH).
(2)Laboratoire de Cytogénétique Hématologique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire
(CHU) de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
(3)Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Team 16, Institut
National de la... |
Which drugs are in the Segluromet combination pill? | Segluromet includes combinations of ertugliflozin and metformin. It has recently been approved by the US FDA as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycaemic control in adults with T2DM. | Combining antihyperglycemic agents in order to rapidly and safely achieve the
best possible glycemic control is the standard of care today for the management
of type 2 diabetes. Agents should ideally have mechanisms of actions that are
complementary and that improve glycemic control without unacceptable gain in
bod... |
Where is the protein "Single-stranded DNA-binding protein" found? | In the mitochondrion (mitochondrial single-stranded DNA binding protein, mtSSB) and its role is the regulation of mitochondrial DNA replication initiation in mammalian mitochondria. | The mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein (mtSSB) regulates the
function of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replisome. In vitro, mtSSB stimulates
the activity of enzymatic components of the replisome, namely mtDNA helicase and
DNA polymerase gamma (Pol γ). We have demonstrated that the stimulatory
propert... |
Is periampullary carcinoma (PAC) a relatively rare genitourinary malignancy | Periampullary carcinoma (PAC) a relatively rare gastrointestinal malignancy and includes Pancreaticobiliary as a subtype of Periampullary carcinoma | BACKGROUND: The pre-operative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), when ≥5 has
been associated with reduced survival for patients with various gastrointestinal
tract cancers, however, it's prognostic value in patients with periampullary
tumour has not been reported to date.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prognostic v... |
For which indication has inotersen been approved? | Inoteresen has been approved for patients in stage 1 and stage 2 hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis polyneuropathy. | |
Do SETD1A mutations predispose to schizophrenia? | Yes. There is a mutation in the gene that codes for a protein called SetD1A. This protein is involved in the development of schizophrenia. | Author information:
(1)Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and
Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman
Mind Brain and Behavior Institute Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
(2)Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute Co... |
Is Sotatercept effective for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension? | Sotatercept was shown to be effective for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. | While misuse of testosterone esters is widespread in elite and recreational
sports, direct detection of intact testosterone esters in doping control samples
is hampered by the rapid hydrolysis by esterases present in the blood. With
dried blood spot (DBS) as sample matrix, continued degradation of the esters is
avo... |
Which disease is caused by mutations in the gene CALR? | Somatic mutations of calreticulin (CALR) have been identified as a main disease driver of myeloproliferative neoplasms, | JAK2, CALR, and MPL are myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN)-driver mutations,
whereas SF3B1 is strongly associated with ring sideroblasts (RS) in
myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Concomitant mutations of SF3B1 and MPN-driver
mutations out of the context of MDS/MPN with RS and thrombocytosis
(MDS/MPN-RS-T) are not well... |
Is the 22-item sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT-22) a widely used measure for Health-Related Quality-of-Life (HRQOL) associated with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS)? | Conclusion. The German-SNOT-22 validated here matches the original SNOT-22. It is a reliable, valid and responsive questionnaire to assess symptoms, HRQOL and treatment-response in CRS-patients. | OBJECTIVES: We set out to determine the psychometric validation of a
disease-specific health related quality of life instrument for use in chronic
rhinosinusitis, the 22 item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22), a modification of
a pre-existing instrument, the SNOT-20.
DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The National Com... |
Is pRETRO-SUPER an adenoviral vector? | No, pRETRO-SUPER is a retroviral vector. | OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated the effect of small interfering RNA
(siRNA) of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) by pRetro-Super (PRS)
retrovirus vector on the expression of CTGF and related extracellular matrix
molecules in human renal proximal tubular cells (HKCs) induced by high glucose,
to provid... |
Which tool has been developed for annotation of Gα, Gβ and Gγ subunits of G-proteins? | GprotPRED is an online tool that uses profile Hidden Markov Models (pHMMs) and application to proteomes. The sensitivity and specificity for all pHMMs were equal to 100% with the exception of the Gβ case, where sensitivity equals to 100%, while specificity is 99.993%. | |
Describe applications of the CHALICE rule? | The children's head injury algorithm for the prediction of important clinical events (CHALICE) is one of the strongest clinical prediction rules for the management of children with head injuries. It can be used to predict death, need for neurosurgical intervention or CT abnormality in children with head trauma. | BACKGROUND: A quarter of all patients presenting to emergency departments are
children. Although there are several large, well-conducted studies on adults
enabling accurate selection of patients with head injury at high risk for
computed tomography scanning, no such study has derived a rule for children.
AIM: To con... |
What is the KDEL retention signal? | the -KDEL retention signal sequence is characteristic of many proteins localized to the ER. | Prostaglandin endoperoxide H (PGH) synthases 1 and 2 are both
membrane-associated proteins localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and
nuclear envelope. The carboxyl terminal tetrapeptides of PGH synthases 1 and 2
are of the form -P/STEL. These sequences are similar to the -KDEL retention
signal sequence charac... |
What are the diagnostic criteria for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis? | Hemophagocytic syndrome (HS) is a severe hyper inflammatory condition whose cardinal symptoms are prolonged fever, cytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and hemophagocytosis by activated, morphologically benign macrophages. | In HLH-94, the first prospective international treatment study for
hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), diagnosis was based on five criteria
(fever, splenomegaly, bicytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia and/or
hypofibrinogenemia, and hemophagocytosis). In HLH-2004 three additional criteria
are introduced; low/absent... |
When was Vitravene approved in Brazil? | Vitravene was approved in Brazil in the summer of 1999. | |
Is there a dependence between chromatin organization and dorsoventral gene expression in Drosophila? | No. There is independence of chromatin conformation and gene regulation during Drosophila dorsoventral patterning | |
Is vocimagene amiretrorepvec effective for recurrent high-grade glioma? | No. Despite initially promising results in a randomized, open-label phase 2/3 trial, among patients who underwent tumor resection for first or second recurrence of glioblastoma or anaplastic astrocytoma, administration of Toca 511 and Toca FC did not improve overall survival or other efficacy end points. | Findings from a phase I study suggest that delivering high concentrations of the
chemotherapy 5-FU directly to brain tumors via the retroviral vector vocimagene
amiretrorepvec, or Toca 511, may benefit patients with recurrent high-grade
glioma. This investigational treatment was well tolerated and induced robust,
d... |
Which proteins are markers of myositis? | Blood tests showed significantly increased CK and aldolase values in patients with myositis (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001). | Changes in muscle elasticity are expected in patients with untreated myositis.
The purpose of this study was to define the accuracy of shear-wave elastography
(SWE) in diagnosing myositis. This case control study included 21 patients (mean
age, 49.4 y; 12 women) with myositis who underwent SWE, magnetic resoce
imag... |
What is the association between maternal and fetal alloantigens and RANTES production? | Induction of maternal tolerance to fetal alloantigens by RANTES production. | Cytokines such as monocyte chemotactic peptide-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-8 (IL-8),
RANTES (Regulated on Activation and Normally T-cells Expressed and presumably
Secreted) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) are thought to play pivotal roles in immune
recognition, acceptance of the fetal allograft, maintece of pregcy and
partur... |
What is Tagsedi? | Tagsedi is a second-generation antisense oligonucleotide with 2'-O-methoxyethyl modification designed to bind to the 3' untranslated region of the transthyretin mRNA in the nucleus of the liver cells. | |
Should perampanel be used for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? | No. Perampanel should not be used for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. | |
Is Satb1 a transcription factor? | Yes,
transcription factor Satb1. | In the vertebrate retina, amacrine and ganglion cells represent the most diverse
cell classes. They can be classified into different cell types by several
features, such as morphology, light responses, and gene expression profile.
Although birds possess high visual acuity (similar to primates that we used here
for ... |
What is PPROM? | Preterm premature(Prelabor) rupture of fetal membranes is often abbreviated as PPROM, and is defined as rupture of membranes before the onset of labor at < 37 weeks' gestation, affects approximately 3% of all pregnancies | BACKGROUND: Preterm, prelabour rupture of the fetal membranes (pPROM) is the
commonest antecedent of preterm birth, and can lead to death, neonatal disease,
and long-term disability. Previous small trials of antibiotics for pPROM
suggested some health benefits for the neonate, but the results were
inconclusive. We ... |
What is the half-life of epimutations across generations of C. elegans? | In C. elegans, epimutations typically have short half-lives of two to three generations. Nevertheless, some epimutations last at least ten generations. | |
What drugs are included in the Avandamet pill? | The combination of metformin and rosiglitazone in a single pill (Avandamet), was approved by the FDA in October 2002 for the treatment of diabetes. | Insulin resistance is a major endocrinopathy underlying the development of
hyperglycaemia and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Metformin (a
biguanide) and rosiglitazone (a thiazolidinedione) counter insulin resistance,
acting by different cellular mechanisms. The two agents can be used in
combination to a... |
What does temsirolimus inhibit? | Temsirolimus is a mTOR inhibitor | BACKGROUND: From 10% to 26% of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
(mRCC) experience rapidly progressive disease (PD) on treatment with sunitinib.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the benefit of subsequent treatment with another
tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) or a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)
inhibitor i... |
Are circular RNAs implicated in diseases of the eye? | Circular RNA (circRNA) are associated with several eye diseases. | Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) gene encodes L-serine hydrolyase which catalyzes
β-reaction to condense serine with homocysteine (Hcy) by pyridoxal-5'-phosphate
helps to form cystathionine which in turn is converted to cysteine. CBS resides
at the intersection of transmethylation, transsulfuration, and remethylation ... |
What happens to the expression levels of piRNAs in the case of intracranial aneurysm rupture? | piRNAs showed a substantial decrease in RNA abundance that was sustained after IA rupture. | Multiple classes of small RNAs (sRNAs) are expressed in the blood and are
involved in the regulation of pivotal cellular processes. We aimed to elucidate
the expression patterns and functional roles of sRNAs in the systemic response
to intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture. We used next-generation sequencing to
analyz... |
Lucio’s Phenomenon is characteristic to which disease? | Lucio's phenomenon is a rare but distinctive skin eruption seen in patients with diffuse lepromatous leprosy. | O Lucio's phenomenon is an uncommon type 2 reactional state occurring
exclusively in patients with diffuse lepromatous leprosy (Lucio-Latapi leprosy).
Previous case reports have been most frequent in Central America and rare in
Asia and Africa. Lucio's phenomenon is characterized by necrotic ulcerations of
the skin... |
Where are the complexins expressed? | Complexins (CPLXs), initially identified in neuronal presynaptic terminals, are cytoplasmic proteins that interact with the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE) complex to regulate the fusion of vesicles to the plasma membrane. | Complexins are small α-helical proteins that modulate neurotransmitter release
by binding to SNARE complexes during synaptic vesicle exocytosis. They have been
found to function as fusion clamps to inhibit spontaneous synaptic vesicle
fusion in the absence of Ca(2+), while also promoting evoked neurotransmitter
rel... |
Please list the tests used to diagnose Allergic Rhinitis. | Diagnosis of allergic rhinitis is made by a combination of medical history, physical examination, positive methacholine challenge result or bronchodilator responsiveness, determination of IgE-mediated sensitization, and specific inhalation challenge tests as the gold standard, specific IgE screening tests include Skin... | Various methods of diagnosing allergic factors in chronic rhinitis are
discussed. Among the procedures which aim at detecting specific allergens, i.e.
skin testing, RAST, and nasal provocation tests, the last mentioned, as they are
performed directly on the shock organ, have so far been found to give the most
accur... |
Can epigenetic modifications be heritable? | Epigenetic alterations (epimutations) could thus contribute to heritable variation within populations and be subject to evolutionary processes such as natural selection and drift. | |
What is the role of the AIMS65 score? | AIMS65 score is used to predict outcomes after upper GI bleeding. | INTRODUCTION: We previously derived and validated the AIMS65 score, a mortality
prognostic scale for upper GI bleeding (UGIB).
OBJECTIVE: To validate the AIMS65 score in a different patient population and
compare it with the Glasgow-Blatchford risk score (GBRS).
DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.
PATIENTS: Adults wi... |
What is the gene ABCG1 encoding? | ABCG1 is an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter that removes excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues. | BACKGROUND: Cholesterol metabolism is tightly regulated at the cellular level.
This study was to measure the expression levels of ATP-binding cassette
transporter A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1), scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI)
and class A (SRA), and CD36 mRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)
in r... |
Febrifugine could be repositioned for what diseases? | Febrifugine exerts potent antischistosomal effects and can be expected to contribute to the development of a novel antischistosomal drug. | Febrifugine, the bioactive constituent of one of the 50 fundamental herbs of
traditional Chinese medicine, has been characterized for its therapeutic
activity, though its molecular target has remained unknown. Febrifugine
derivatives have been used to treat malaria, cancer, fibrosis and inflammatory
disease. We rec... |
When was Volanesorsen approved in the EU? | In May 2019, volanesorsen was approved in the EU for the treatment of adult patients with familial chylomicronemia syndrome. | |
Is Belimumab used for lupus nephritis? | Yes, Belimumab can be used for lupus nephritis. | The treatment of lupus nephritis has seen significant advances during the past
decade mainly due to the publication of well-designed randomized clinical trials
(RCTs). The choice of treatment is guided by the histopathologic classification
but is also influenced by demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristi... |
Is SOX10 expressed in melanoma cells? | Yes,
The most commonly used melanocytic markers include S100, Melan-A, HMB45 and SOX10 | AIMS: The diagnosis of metastatic cutaneous melanoma (CM) on lymph node fine
needle aspiration samples may be challenging and usually requires confirmation
by immunocytochemistry. However, the cytological material could be too scant to
order a broad panel of markers. In this case, the pathologist is forced to
choos... |
How many copies of LBX are found in teleosts? | In teleosts, that have undergone an additional genome duplication, 8 Lbx paralogons (three of which retain Lbx genes) were found. | BACKGROUND: Lbx/ladybird genes originated as part of the metazoan cluster of Nk
homeobox genes. In all animals investigated so far, both the protostome genes
and the vertebrate Lbx1 genes were found to play crucial roles in neural and
muscle development. Recently however, additional Lbx genes with divergent
express... |
Which organizations approved Tagsedi in 2018? | In 2018 Tagsedi was approved by the United States Food and Drug Agency, Health Canada, and European Commission. | |
What is the use of the CAHP score? | CAHP (cardiac arrest hospital prognosis) score is used to evaluate prognosis after cardiac arrest. | AIMS: Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains
disappointingly low. Among patients admitted alive, early prognostication
remains challenging. This study aims to establish a stratification score for
patients admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) after OHCA, according to their
neurological outcome... |
What is the drug Aduhelm approved for? | he Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted approval for Aduhelm (aducanumab) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease under its accelerated approval program | On June 7th 2021, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted approval for
Aduhelm (aducanumab) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease under its
accelerated approval program. Aducanumab is the first putative disease-modifying
therapy (DMT) approved for the treatment of AD with a great potential for
clinical be... |
What are the 4 histological types of lung cancer? | Lung cancer is broadly subclassified on the basis of histological features into squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma. | The Edinburgh Lung Cancer Group registered 3070 new patients with lung cancer in
the five years 1981-5 from a catchment population of 950,000. After review only
74 (2%) were classified as lifelong non-smokers. They differed significantly
from the 2996 smokers with lung cancer in that far more were female (77% v 26%)... |
What is F105-P? | F105-P is a protamine-antibody fusion protein designed to deliver siRNA to HIV-infected or envelope-transfected cells. In specific, it was designed with the protamine coding sequence linked to the C terminus of the heavy chain Fab fragment of an HIV-1 envelope antibody. | Delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into cells is a key obstacle to
their therapeutic application. We designed a protamine-antibody fusion protein
to deliver siRNA to HIV-infected or envelope-transfected cells. The fusion
protein (F105-P) was designed with the protamine coding sequence linked to the C
termi... |
Should edasalonexent be used for Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients? | No. In phase 3 clinical trial edasalonexent did not achieve statistical significance for improvement in primary and secondary functional endpoints for assessment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. However, subgroup analysis suggested that edasalonexent may slow disease progression if initiated before 6 years of age. | BACKGROUND: Edasalonexent (CAT-1004) is an orally-administered novel small
molecule drug designed to inhibit NF-κB and potentially reduce inflammation and
fibrosis to improve muscle function and thereby slow disease progression and
muscle decline in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).
OBJECTIVE: This international, r... |
What disease is presenilin involved in? | Loss-of-function mutations in PSEN1/2 genes are the leading cause of familial Alzheimer's disease (fAD). | Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia in the elderly.
Few cases are familial (FAD), due to autosomal domit mutations in
presenilin-1 (PS1), presenilin-2 (PS2) or amyloid precursor protein (APP). The
three proteins are involved in the generation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides,
providing gene... |
In what part of the body is the masseter muscle located? | In human anatomy, the masseter is one of the muscles of mastication and is located in the jaw. | Since experimental and clinical evidence supports some role of musculature in
determining the form and size of facial bones during the active periods of
growth after birth, this study addresses the same basic relationships between
muscle and bone during the periods of active growth before birth. The
relationship be... |
Which endothelial cell migration pathways were modulated at the gene expression level by rHDL-apoE3? | The most pronounced effect was observed for EC migration, with 42/198 genes being involved in the following EC migration-related pathways: 1) MEK/ERK, 2) PI3K/AKT/eNOS-MMP2/9, 3) RHO-GTPases, and 4) integrin. | INTRODUCTION: Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease (ASCAD) is the leading
cause of mortality worldwide. Novel therapeutic approaches aiming to improve the
atheroprotective functions of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) include the use of
reconstituted HDL forms containing human apolipoprotein A-I (rHDL-apoA-I). Give... |
Is tivantinib effective for MET-high hepatocellular carcinoma? | No. In phase 3 clinical trials Tivantinib did not improve overall survival compared with placebo in patients with MET-high hepatocellular carcinoma despite promising phase 2 trial results. | Author information:
(1)Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Istituto di
Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy.
(2)Service d'Oncologie Médicale, CHRU Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France.
(3)Department of Internal Medicine III, Section of Gastroenterology/Hepatology,
Medi... |
What is the function of the protein SLC26A5? | SLC26A5 transporter prestin is fundamental for the higher hearing sensitivity and frequency selectivity of mammals. Prestin is a voltage-dependent transporter found in the cochlear outer hair cells responsible for their electromotility. | Author information:
(1)Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis,
CA 95616, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Northern California Health
Care System, Mather, CA 95655, USA. Electronic address: xdzhang@ucdavis.edu.
(2)Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California... |
Is EuroQol 5-Dimension Health Assessment (EQ-5D) [a widely used, simple instrument that monitors the general health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in chronic disease] a 5 question assessment? | The 6-question EuroQol 5-Dimension Health Assessment (EQ-5D) is a widely used, simple instrument that monitors general health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in chronic disease. | OBJECTIVE: The 6-question EuroQol 5-Dimension Health Assessment (EQ-5D) is a
widely used, simple instrument that monitors general health-related quality of
life (HRQoL) in chronic disease. It has not previously been applied to US
patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).
STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort st... |
What are piRNAs? | PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are germline-specific small RNAs that form effector complexes with PIWI proteins (Piwi-piRNA complexes) and play critical roles for preserving genomic integrity by repressing transposable elements (TEs). | |
Bimekizumab is used for treatment of which disease? | Bimekizumab is used for psoriasis. | AIMS: To assess safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and clinical efficacy of
bimekizumab (formerly UCB4940), a novel humanized monoclonal antibody and dual
inhibitor of interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-17F, in subjects with mild plaque
psoriasis.
METHODS: Randomized, double-blind, first-in-human study of bimekizumab in 39
sub... |
What is the white mutation in Drosophila affecting? | Βeyond the classical eye-color phenotype, mutations in Drosophila white gene could impair several biological functions affecting parameters like mobility, life span and stress tolerance. | The classic eye-color gene white (w) in Drosophila melanogaster (fruitfly) has
unexpected behavioral consequences. How w affects locomotion of adult flies is
largely unknown. Here, we show that a mutant allele (w1118 ) selectively
increases locomotor components at relatively high frequencies (> 0.1 Hz). The
w1118 f... |
Austrian syndrome is a rare entity characterized by Osler's triad. Please list the 3 components of Osler's triad. | Austrian syndrome, which is also known as Osler's triad, is a rare aggressive pathology consisting of pneumonia, endocarditis, and meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae | This report describes two cases of Osler's triad of pneumonia, meningitis, and
endocarditis, as a result of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, also called
Austrian's syndrome. In the first patient, a 51 year old non-alcoholic man, the
aortic valve was affected and needed to be replaced in an emergency operation.
T... |
What is the rate of epimutations in C. elegans? | In C. elegans epimutations arise spontaneously at a rate approximately 25 times greater than DNA sequence changes. | |
Is sacituzumab govitecan effective for breast cancer? | Yes. Sacituzumab Govitecan is a new and available treatment for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. | Results from a phase I/II trial suggest that an antibody-drug conjugate,
sacituzumab govitecan, is active against refractory, metastatic triple-negative
breast cancer. A phase III trial is under way to compare its safety and efficacy
with that of standard chemotherapy. Introduction: Triple negative breast cancer (TN... |
What is Upadacitinib? | Upadacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and recently approved by the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). | This phase 1 study characterized the effect of multiple doses of upadacitinib,
an oral Janus kinase 1 selective inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics of the
cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 substrate bupropion. Healthy subjects (n = 22)
received a single oral dose of bupropion 150 mg alone (study period 1) and on
day 12 of a... |
Please list the difference between Pyoderma gangrenosum versus chronic venous ulceration? | Even when other body sites are affected, pyoderma gangrenosum usually affects the upper and lower legs and feet or peristomal sites compared with chronic venous ulcers that are limited to the lower legs and feet. (2) Pyoderma gangrenosum can be associated with systemic diseases, especially inflammatory bowel disease. (... | Pyoderma gangrenosum is a skin disease characterized by wounds with
blue-to-purple undermined borders surrounding purulent necrotic bases. This
article reports on a patient with a circumferential, full-thickness, and
partially necrotic lower-extremity ulceration of unknown etiology. Results of
laboratory tests and ... |
What is Mobilome-seq? | Mobilome-seq is a method for selectively amplifying and sequencing eccDNAs. It relies on linear digestion of genomic DNA followed by rolling circle amplification of circular DNA. Both active DNA transposons and retrotransposons can be identified using this technique. | Retrotransposons are mobile genetic elements abundant in plant and animal
genomes. While efficiently silenced by the epigenetic machinery, they can be
reactivated upon stress or during development. Their level of transcription not
reflecting their transposition ability, it is thus difficult to evaluate their
contri... |
Which variables are included in the ALT-70 Score for cellulitis? | ALT-70 cellulitis score includes: Asymmetry (3 points), Leukocytosis (1 point), Tachycardia (1 point), and age ≥70 (2 points). | BACKGROUND: Cellulitis has many clinical mimickers (pseudocellulitis), which
leads to frequent misdiagnosis.
OBJECTIVE: To create a model for predicting the likelihood of lower extremity
cellulitis.
METHODS: A cross-sectional review was performed of all patients admitted with a
diagnosis of lower extremity celluliti... |
List biomarkers for sepsis. | HCK, PRKCD, SIRPA, DOK3, ITGAM, LTB4R, MAPK14, MALT1, NLRC3, LCK
C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Procalcitonin (PCT) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6)
sTM | PURPOSE: Neonatal sepsis is an important public health concern worldwide due to
its immediate lethality and long-term morbidity rates, Clinical evaluation and
laboratory analyses are indispensable for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. However,
assessing multiple biomarkers in neonates is difficult due to limited blood
... |
Is Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy (ANE) which typically affects young, healthy children usually triggered by exposure to air pollution? | Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a recently identified, uncommon encephalopathy affecting children. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a specific type of encephalopathy usually followed by febrile infection | Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood represents a novel entity of acute
encephalophathy, predomitly affecting infants and young children living in
Taiwan and Japan. It manifests with symptoms of coma, convulsions, and
hyperpyrexia after 2 to 4 days of respiratory tract infections in previously
healthy chil... |
What is Waylivra? | Volanesorsen (Waylivra®), an antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII) mRNA to treat familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS), hypertriglyceridemia and familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL). | |
Which disease can be prevented with PfSPZ Vaccine? | PfSPZ Vaccine is used for prevention of malaria. | An attenuated Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoite (SPZ) vaccine, PfSPZ
Vaccine, is highly protective against controlled human malaria infection (CHMI)
3 weeks after immunization, but the durability of protection is unknown. We
assessed how vaccine dosage, regimen, and route of administration affected
durable prot... |
Is Phospholemman a membrane protein? | Yes, FXYD1 (encoding phospholemman) is a transmembrane protein. | Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder caused by
mutations in the MECP2. Several genes have been shown to be MECP2 targets. We
previously identified FXYD1 (encoding phospholemman; a protein containing the
motif phenylalanine-X-tyrosine-aspartate), a gene encoding a transmembrane
modulator of... |
What is MACE in the context of cardiotoxicity? | MACE is an acronym for Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events. | CONTEXT: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with excellent
short-term improvements in ischemic symptoms, yet only three fifths of PCI
patients at 5 years and one third of patients at 10 years remain free of major
adverse cardiac events (MACE).
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether treatment with fluvas... |
Which clinical trials led to the first approval of Volanesorsen by the EU? | The approval of Volanesorsen by the EU was based on the positive results from the multinational, phase III APPROACH and COMPASS studies. | |
Can Isradipine slow progression of Early Parkinson Disease? | No. In a multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Isradipine did not slow progression of Early Parkinson Disease. | OBJECTIVES: Isradipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel inhibitor that has
demonstrated concentration-dependent neuroprotective effects in animal models of
Parkinson's disease (PD) but failed to show efficacy in a phase 3 clinical
trial. The objectives of this study were to model the plasma pharmacokinetics of
... |
Is neurofilament light marker for disease? | Yes,
Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) is a marker of neuroaxonal injury leading to numerous diseases such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Multiple sclerosis (MS). | BACKGROUND: Increased blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability, CNS inflammation
and neuroaxonal damage are pathological hallmarks in early multiple sclerosis
(MS).
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations of neurofilament light chain (NfL)
levels with measures of BBB integrity and central nervous system (CNS)
infl... |
Is resistance training usually associated with increasing muscle hypertrophy? | Traditional resistance exercises have been widely used to promote muscle strength and hypertrophy. | We conducted a 12-wk resistance training program in elderly women [mean age 69
+/- 1.0 (SE) yr] to determine whether increases in muscle strength are
associated with changes in cross-sectional fiber area of the vastus lateralis
muscle. Twenty-seven healthy women were randomly assigned to either a control or
exercis... |
Which company developed Waylivra? | Waylivra is being developed by Ionis Pharmaceuticals through its subsidiary company, Akcea Therapeutics. | |
Is nerinetide effective for ischaemic stroke? | No. Nerinetide did not improve the proportion of patients achieving good clinical outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy compared with patients receiving placebo. | |
What is known about FANK1? | Fank1 encodes a protein containing a fibronectin type III domain in the amino terminus and five ankyrin repeats in its carboxyl terminus. FANK1 displays a high degree of sequence conservation in 11 vertebrate species during evolution. Bioinformatic and experimental analyses revealed that Fank1 was exclusively expressed... | In our effort to identify testis-specific genes we found Fank1, which encodes a
protein containing a fibronectin type III domain in the amino terminus and five
ankyrin repeats in its carboxyl terminus. FANK1 displays a high degree of
sequence conservation in 11 vertebrate species during evolution. Bioinformatic
and... |
Please list the drugs associated with Drug-Induced Hypophosphatemia. | Drug induced hypophosphatemia can occur with iron therapy as well a treatment with ferric carboxymaltose, elotuzumab, cemiplimab, Temsirolimus, capecitabine, panobinostat, bendamustine, ofatumumab, carboplatin and etoposide (BOCE) | Serum phosphorus levels (Ps), dietary intake of phosphorus, and renal phosphate
handling indexes were evaluated in 158 patients with chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) of varying degrees of severity; moreover, skeletal
muscle phosphorus content (Pm) was measured in muscle samples obtained by
quadriceps fe... |
Is Algenpantucel-L effective for pancreatic cancer? | No. In phase 3 clinical trial Algenpantucel-L immunotherapy did not improve survival in patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer receiving SOC neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiation. | BACKGROUND: Despite continued investigation, limited progress has been made in
the adjuvant treatment of resected pancreatic cancer. Novel or targeted
therapies are needed.
METHODS: Multi-institutional, open-label, dose-finding, phase 2 trial evaluating
the use of algenpantucel-L (NewLink Genetics Corporation, Ames,... |
Is Mical an oxidoreductase? | Yes,
MICAL is an oxidoreductase | |
What is the most frequent evolution (next stage) when Aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) is not treated? | Aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) evolves very dynamically in the short-term to regression, dissection, or aortic rupture | BACKGROUND: It has been reported that early surgery should be required for
patients with type A aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) because it tends to
develop classic aortic dissection or rupture. However, the anatomic features of
type A IMH that develops dissection or rupture are unknown. The purpose of this
study w... |
Which drugs are included in the Qtern pill? | Qtern pill includes saxagliptin and dapagliflozin. It is indicated in the EU for the improvement of glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. | OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, and
place in therapy of the fixed-dose combination (FDC) product, QTERN
(dapagliflozin/saxagliptin) tablets.
DATA SOURCES: Searches of MEDLINE (1946 to July 1, 2017) were conducted using
the keywords QTERN, saxagliptin, and dapagliflozin. Add... |
List SLE-related autoantibodies. | Serum autoantibodies analyzed included lupus anticoagulant (LAC), anticardiolipine (aCL) IgG and IgM (first 3 also grouped into antiphospholipid autoantibodies (aPL)), anti-dsDNA, anti-SSA, anti-SSB, anti-RNP, and anti-Sm (the latter 5 grouped into SLE-related autoantibodies).
Diagnostic panels comprising anti-RPLP2, a... | The association of anti-nuclear antigen (ANA) and anti-cardiolipin (CL)
antibodies is often observed during systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or the
primary anti-phospholipid syndrome, thereby raising the possibility of a
relationship between these two autoantibody populations. To determine whether
ANA and anti-CL... |
What is nephropathic cystinosis? | Nephropathic cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder characterized by abnormal accumulation of intracellular cystine in various tissues including the brain, kidneys, bones, and eyes. | Nephropathic cystinosis is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism
characterized by the lysosomal storage of the disulphide amino acid cystine. It
produces a variety of clinical manifestations including failure to thrive, the
renal Fanconi syndrome, eye findings, and end-stage renal disease. A variety of
... |
Which drugs are included in the Contrave pill? | Contrave® is an adjunct pharmacotherapy for obesity that contains bupropion (BUP) and naltrexone (NTX). | In March 2010, Orexigen(R) Therapeutics submitted a new drug application (NDA)
for approval of naltrexone sustained release (SR)/bupropion SR (Contrave(R)) for
the treatment of obesity in the US. The tablet contains naltrexone SR 32 mg and
bupropion SR 360 mg. The drug has been tested in four randomized, double-blin... |
When is lorlatinib used? | Lorlatinib is a third-generation ALK inhibitor that can overcome the largest number of acquired ALK resistance mutations, including the solvent-front mutation G1202R. | Treatment of advanced stage anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive non-small
cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has been
shown to be superior to standard platinum-based chemotherapy. However, secondary
progress of disease frequently occurs under ALK inhibitor treatment. The
clini... |
Ladybird homeobox (Lbx) transcription factors regulate the development of what body systems/organs? | Ladybird homeobox (Lbx) transcription factors have crucial functions in muscle and nervous system development in many animals | The embryonic heart precursors of Drosophila are arranged in a repeated pattern
of segmental units. There is growing evidence that the development of individual
elements of this pattern depends on both mesoderm intrinsic patterning
information and inductive signals from the ectoderm. In this study, we
demonstrate t... |
Should istiratumab be used for Pancreatic Cancer? | No. In a clinical trial Istiratumab failed to improve the efficacy of standard of care chemotherapy in metastatic pancreatic cancer patients. | BACKGROUND: Preclinical data suggest that dual blockade of the insulin-like
growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and HER3 pathways has superior activity to
IGF-1R blockade alone in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We tested
whether istiratumab, an IGF-1R- and ErbB3-bispecific antibody, can enhance the
efficacy... |
When is the protein OAS1 activated? | OAS1 is a IFN-stimulated gene. Antiviral response. | Collaborators: Millar J, Nichol A, Walsh T, Shankar-Hari M, Ponting C, Meikle J,
Finer P, Mcmaster E, Law A, Baillie JK, Paterson T, Wackett T, Armstrong R,
Clark R, Coutts A, Donnelly L, Gilchrist T, Hafezi K, Macgillivray L, Maclean A,
McCafferty S, Morrice K, Weaver J, Boz C, Golightly A, Ward M, Mal H,
Szoor-Mc... |
Does Amblyopia affect the eye? | Amblyopia, also called lazy eye, is a disorder of sight in which the brain fails to process inputs from one eye and over time favors the other eye. It results in decreased vision in an eye that otherwise typically appears normal | The contrast sensitivity function of both eyes of subjects with functional
amblyopia has been measured. A clinically significant difference was found
between the amblyopic and the normal eye. It appears that the functionally
amblyopic eye takes more information from the peripheral parts of the stimulus
than does th... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.