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Are there plasma membrane receptors for thyroid hormones? | Receptors for thyroid hormones are present on plasma membrane of cells; in particular thyroid hormones bind integrin that is a heterodimeric component of plasma membrane | The thyrotropin receptor from bovine thyroid plasma membranes has been
solubilized using lithium diiodosalicylate, and an assay to measure thyrotropin
binding to the solubilized receptor has been developed. Both the solubilized
thyrotropin receptor and the thyrotropin receptor on thyroid plasma membranes
have effec... |
Which disorder is rated by Palmini classification? | Palmini classification system is used for classification of focal cortical dysplasia. | Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and severe cortical dysplasia (CD), or CD type
II according to Palmini classification, share histopathologic similarities,
specifically the presence of cytomegalic neurons and balloon cells. In this
study we examined the morphologic and electrophysiologic properties of cells in
cort... |
what is the role of erythropoietin in cardiac regeneration after myocardial infarction? | In preclinical studies, erythropoietin improved cardiac function and perfusion by angiomyogenesis and protection of cardiomyocytes in myocardial infarction indicating that erythropoietin may play a role in the stimulation of cell regeneration under normal physiologic conditions and in patients with myocardial injury. ... | OBJECTIVES: We assessed the effects of erythropoietin (EPO) treatment in a rat
model of post-myocardial infarction (MI) heart failure.
BACKGROUND: Erythropoietin, traditionally known as a hematopoietic hormone, has
been linked to neovascularization. Whereas administration of EPO acutely after
MI reduces infarct size... |
Does Rad9 interact with Aft1 in S.cerevisiae? | Yes. Rad9 functions together with Aft1 on DNA damage-prone chromatin to facilitate genome surveillance, thereby ensuring rapid and effective response to possible DNA damage events. | DNA damage response and repair proteins are centrally involved in genome
maintece pathways. Yet, little is known about their functional role under
non-DNA damage-inducing conditions. Here we show that Rad9 checkpoint protein,
known to mediate the damage signal from upstream to downstream essential
kinases, interact... |
Are there any desmins present in plants? | No. Desmins are type III intermediate filament (IF) proteins that have been identified to date only in metazoa (human, Danio rerio, bovine). Desmins are also associated with severe forms of skeletal, cardiac and myofibrillar myopathies. | We investigated the marker profile of human ascitic and cultured mesothelial
cells, and compared it to that of ovarian carcinoma cells which are related in
terms of their histogenesis, unrelated colon carcinomas being used as reference.
Mesothelial and ovarian carcinoma cells could not be distinguished by
(intermed... |
Are viruses involved in the etiology of human subacute thyroiditis? | Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is an inflammatory disorder of the thyroid caused probably by viruses
The principal classes of viruses involed in SAT include Epstein Barr and Retroviridae | The etiology of subacute (de Quervain's) thyroiditis (SAT) is uncertain,
although it probably represents a nonspecific inflammatory response by the
thyroid to a variety of viruses. It has been suggested that nonimmune processes
are involved in SAT patients who have negative autoantibody titers. The disease
has a va... |
List core circadian clock genes. | The core circadian clock genes are CLOCK, BMAL1, Per, and Cry. | From single cell organisms to the most complex life forms, the 24-hour circadian
rhythm is important for numerous aspects of physiology and behavior such as
daily periodic fluctuations in body temperature and sleep-wake cycles.
Influenced by environmental cues - mainly by light input -, the central
pacemaker in the... |
Which peripheral neuropathy has been associated with NDRG1 mutations? | Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) 4D disease is a severe autosomal recessive demyelinating neuropathy with extensive axonal loss leading to early disability, caused by mutations in the N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1). | In a previous study, we have shown that N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1
(NDRG1), classified in databases as a tumor suppressor and heavy metal-response
protein, is mutated in hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy Lom (HMSNL), a
severe autosomal recessive form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. The
private fo... |
Is miR-126 involved in heart failure? | Yes, miR-126 is associated with heart failure. | BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNAs that are 21-25
nucleotides in length. Recently, plasma miRNAs have been reported to be
sensitive and specific biomarkers of various tissue injuries and pathological
conditions. The goal of this study was to assess plasma miRNA profiles and to
identify plasma ... |
Does resveratrol reduce cardiac remodeling? | Resveratrol attenuates left ventricular remodeling.
Resveratrol is a beneficial pharmacological tool that augments autophagy to bring about reverse remodeling in the postinfarction heart.
Resveratrol administration improved cardiac environment by reducing inflammatory state and decreased unfavorable ventricular remodel... | Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) regulate myocardial remodeling by proliferating,
differentiating, and secreting extracellular matrix proteins. Prolonged
activation of CFs leads to cardiac fibrosis and reduced myocardial contractile
function. Resveratrol (RES) exhibits a number of cardioprotective properties;
however, the... |
Which is the receptor for substrates of Chaperone Mediated Autophagy? | Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a lysosomal pathway for selective removal of damaged cytosolic proteins. The LAMP2A (Lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 isoform A) functions as a receptor for cytosolic proteins and also as essential component of the CMA translocation complex [28]. Cytosolic substrate proteins ... | Intracellular protein degradation rates decrease with age in many tissues and
organs. In cultured cells, chaperone-mediated autophagy, which is responsible
for the selective degradation of cytosolic proteins in lysosomes, decreases with
age. In this work we use lysosomes isolated from rat liver to analyze
age-relat... |
What are the hallmarks of congestive heart failure? | Congestive heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome, with hallmarks of fatigue and dyspnea, that continues to be highly prevalent and morbid. Common pathophysiologic features of HF include changes in left ventricle structure, function, and neurohormonal activation. Disturbed myocardial calcium handling is also one of ... | Myocardial pump deficiency is regarded to be the hemodynamic hallmark of
congestive heart failure. A decline of arterial pressure in the systemic
circulation is counter-regulated by vasoconstriction in the arteriolar vascular
bed; the compensatory vasoconstriction, however, results in an increased
afterload that in... |
What is the mode of inheritance of short QT syndrome? | The short QT syndrome has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. | Sudden cardiac death in individuals with structurally normal hearts accounts for
approximately 20% of sudden cardiac death cases. Patients in this subgroup
suffer from what has been named "electrical diseases" which are gradually coming
into focus as inherited ion channelopathies, diseases of anchoring proteins or
... |
List clinical trials that have directly compared microsurgical clipping with endovascular coiling for treatment of ruptured brain aneurysms? | Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial (BRAT) and international subarachnoid aneurysmal trial (ISAT) have directly compared microsurgical clipping with endovascular coiling for treatment of ruptured brain aneurysms. FIAT study, a clinical care trial aiming to compare angiographic and clinical outcomes following treatment with ... | BACKGROUND: Two types of treatment are being used for patients with ruptured
intracranial aneurysms: endovascular detachable-coil treatment or craniotomy and
clipping. We undertook a randomised, multicentre trial to compare these
treatments in patients who were suitable for either treatment because the
relative saf... |
What is the reason for the narcolepsy cases developed after H1N1 influenza vaccination? | The proposed mechanism for postvaccination narcolepsy is one in which an environmental trigger causes or enhances an antibody-mediated autoimmune response in patients with a preexisting genetic susceptibility. | INTRODUCTION: It has been suggested that the H1N1 vaccine may be a trigger for
the onset of narcolepsy-cataplexy, a rare disease whose autoimmune origin is
suspected.
OBSERVATIONS: We report two patients (a 9-year-old boy and an 18-year-old man)
with severe narcolepsy-cataplexy, in whom the illness appeared within 3... |
Which are the biotracers used for detection of Alzheimer's disease using PET? | Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) was the first radiotracer capable of highlighting deposits of beta-amyloid—one pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease—in living individuals during a PET scan. The Alzheimer's Association helped fund early PIB development. The Association in 2006 also awarded a $2.1 million grant to the... | Conflict of interest statement: Competing Interests: The author has declared
that no competing interests exist. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is difficult to diagnose in its early stages, and even
if detected early, there is no preventative treatment. Imaging modalities such
as MRI, PET, and SPECT have the potential to c... |
What was the purpose of the FANTOM3 project? | The FANTOM3 annotation system, consisting of automated computational prediction, manual curation, and final expert curation, facilitated the comprehensive characterization of the mouse transcriptome, and could be applied to the transcriptomes of other species | The international FANTOM consortium aims to produce a comprehensive picture of
the mammalian transcriptome, based upon an extensive cDNA collection and
functional annotation of full-length enriched cDNAs. The previous dataset,
FANTOM2, comprised 60,770 full-length enriched cDNAs. Functional annotation
revealed that... |
In which isochores are Alu elements enriched? | Alu elements are enriched in high GC% isochores due to reduced Alu loss by recombination in these regions. The frequency of Alu sequences increases with increasing GC, but attains a maximum in H2 isochores. | We investigated the genomic distribution of mouse and human repeated sequences
by assessing their relative amounts in the four major components into which
these genomes can be resolved by density gradient centrifugation techniques.
These components are families of fragments that account for most or all of
main-band... |
Is oxalate renal excretion increased after bariatric surgery? | Bariatric surgery is associated with a significant risk of nephrolithiasis.
Enteric hyperoxaluria, nephrolithiasis, and oxalate nephropathy must be considered with the other risks of bariatric surgery
Hyperoxaluria in patients treated with bariatric surgery was found to be a result of hyperabsorption of oxalate | Hyperoxaluria and hypercalciuria are common features of renal calcium stone
disease. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the
relationships between the intestinal absorption and the renal handling of
oxalate and calcium in patients with idiopathic renal stone disease and in
patients with enteric ... |
Which are the mutational hotspots of the human KRAS oncogene? | The KRAS oncogene has four main mutational hotspots located at codons 12, 13, 61 and 146. | Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) occurs sporadically (sMTC) or as part of the
inherited cancer syndrome, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2). While
the occurence of the MEN 2 syndrome is associated with mutations in the RET
protooncogene, the reason for carcinogenesis in sMTC still remains unclear. Ras
is ... |
Which intraflagellar transport (IFT) motor protein has been linked to human skeletal ciliopathies? | Cytoplasmic dynein-2 (dynein-2) performs intraflagellar transport and is associated with human skeletal ciliopathies | Intraflagellar transport (IFT) depends on two evolutionarily conserved modules,
subcomplexes A (IFT-A) and B (IFT-B), to drive ciliary assembly and maintece.
All six IFT-A components and their motor protein, DYNC2H1, have been linked to
human skeletal ciliopathies, including asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD;
al... |
What is the mechanism of action of ocrelizumab for treatment of multiple sclerosis? | Ocrelizumab is a cytolytic monoclonal antibody that binds CD20 antigen present of B cells. It is approved for treatment of multiple sclerosis. | Biogen Idec Inc, Genentech Inc, Roche Holding AG and Chugai Pharmaceutical Co
Ltd are developing ocrelizumab, a humanized mAb against CD20, for the potential
treatment of inflammatory disorders and B-cell maligcies. Ocrelizumab is
undergoing phase III clinical trials for rheumatoid arthritis and lupus
nephritis, an... |
What is the link between Nonidet-40 (NP-40) and biotinylation? | 0.5% of the non-ionic detergent Nonidet-40 (NP-40) during cell lysis and nuclei isolation is sufficient to practically eliminate contamination by endogenous biotinylated carboxylases during purification of biotin tagged nuclear proteins. | We describe here a simple procedure for greatly reducing contamination of
nuclear extracts by naturally biotinylated cytoplasmic carboxylases, which
represent a major source of non-specific background when employing BirA-mediated
biotinylation tagging for the purification and characterization of nuclear
protein com... |
Which is the transcript responsible for X-chromosome inactivation? | The long non- coding RNA Xist (X inactive specific transcript) | During early mammalian embryogenesis, one of the two X chromosomes in somatic
cells of the female becomes inactivated through a process that is thought to
depend on a unique initiator region, the X-chromosome inactivation center (Xic).
The recently characterized Xist sequence (X-inactive-specific transcript) is
tho... |
What are viral vectors used for in optogenetics? | Viral vectors are used to express optogenetic constructs in selected cells. | We briefly review the current literature where optogenetics has been used to
study various aspects of astrocyte physiology in vitro and in vivo. This
includes both genetically engineered Ca(2+) sensors and effector proteins, such
as channelrhodopsin. We demonstrate how the ability to target astrocytes with
cell-spe... |
Which domain allowing self-association do exist in TDP-43 and FUS proteins? | PRION PROTEINS | The pleiotropic constitutive photomorphogenic/deetiolated/fusca (cop/det/fus)
mutants of Arabidopsis exhibit features of light-grown seedlings when grown in
the dark. Cloning and biochemical analysis of COP9 have revealed that it is a
component of a multiprotein complex, the COP9 signalosome (previously known as
th... |
Is there a role for transcription factories in genome organization? | The mammalian nucleus is a highly complex structure that carries out a diverse range of functions such as DNA replication, cell division, RNA processing, and nuclear export/import. Many of these activities occur at discrete subcompartments that intersect with specific regions of the genome. Over the past few decades, e... | When placed between an enhancer and promoter, certain DNA sequence elements
inhibit enhancer-stimulated gene expression. The best characterized of these
enhancer-blocking insulators, gypsy in Drosophila and the CTCF-binding element
in vertebrates and flies, stabilize contacts between distant genomic regulatory
site... |
Which are the Chompret criteria for Li-Fraumeni syndrome? | 1) According to the Chompret criteria for LFS, any patient with adrenocortical cancer (ACC), irrespective of age and family history, is at high risk for a TP53 germline mutation.
2) All families with a p53 mutation must have at least one family member with a sarcoma, breast, brain, or adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). | PURPOSE: A clinical testing cohort was used to gain a broader understanding of
the spectrum of tumors associated with germline p53 mutations to aid clinicians
in identifying high-risk families.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Full sequencing of the coding exons (2 to 11) and
associated splice junctions of the p53 gene was per... |
When ceritinib used instead of crizotinib? | Ceritinib is approved for the treatment of ALK-positive metastatic NSCLC patients that are crizotinib-resistant and crizotinib-naïve. | BACKGROUND: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring the anaplastic lymphoma
kinase gene (ALK) rearrangement is sensitive to the ALK inhibitor crizotinib,
but resistance invariably develops. Ceritinib (LDK378) is a new ALK inhibitor
that has shown greater antitumor potency than crizotinib in preclinical studies.... |
What type of enzyme is peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2)? | Peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2) is an antioxidant enzyme that uses cysteine residues to decompose peroxides.
Peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2), an enzyme reducing hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides
Peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) is a thiol-dependent peroxidase. | Peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2), a thiol-dependent peroxidase, is the third most abundant
protein in the erythrocyte, and its absence in knock-out mice gives rise to
hemolytic anemia. We have found that in human erythrocytes, Prx2 was extremely
sensitive to oxidation by H(2)O(2), as dimerization was observed after exposure
... |
Is the length of the poly(A) tail involved in human disease? | Yes. Severely truncated poly(A) tails of mitochondrial mRNAs were found to be involved in an autosomal recessive spastic ataxia with optic atrophy. | |
Why graphics processing units (GPU) are more suitable for biological tasks than central processing units (CPU)? | Traditional central processing unist (CPUs) are reaching their limit in processing power and are not designed primarily for multithreaded applications. Graphics processing units (GPUs) on the other hand are affordable, scalable computer powerhouses that, thanks to the ever increasing demand for higher quality graphics,... | There is currently a strong push in the research community to develop biological
scale implementations of neuron based vision models. Systems at this scale are
computationally demanding and generally utilize more accurate neuron models,
such as the Izhikevich and the Hodgkin-Huxley models, in favor of the more
popu... |
Which are the thyroid hormone analogs utilized in human studies? | TRIAC and TETRAC are two different thyroid hormone analogs utilized in human studies | A protein that binds tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) with high specificity
has been detected in normal rabbit serum. Scatchard plots revealed the protein
to have a principal binding site with both high capacity and high affinity for
tetrac (KA 4.8 X 10(10) M-1. Binding of tetrac by the protein is partially
inhib... |
Are patients with marfan syndrome at increased risk of arrhythmias? | Patients with marfan syndrome carry increased risk for arrhythmias | OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess outcomes in a series of young patients with
Marfan syndrome and to define the prevalence of ventricular arrhythmias in this
patient population.
BACKGROUND: While sudden death is a well-recognized outcome in Marfan syndrome,
ventricular arrhythmias are not well described.
METHODS: Pati... |
What are the treatments of choice for GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor)? | The surgical resection is a treatment of choice for gastrointestinal stromal tumors. It has been shown that adequate surgical resection correlates with high 5-years survival rates for patients with gastric GIST. When they are localized, the treatment of choice is surgical excision, but advanced tumors have a limited r... | Hepatic and peritoneal metastases are the most frequent metastatic lesions in
patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), and may result in intra-
or extrahepatic cholestasis and altered drug metabolism. While the tyrosine
kinase inhibitor imatinib, which has been recently shown to represent the
treatment... |
List Kartagener Syndrome Triad. | The triad of situs inversus, bronchiectasis and sinusitis is known as Kartagener syndrome. | A case of a nine year and eight months old child with Kartagener's syndrome
(triad) is described: chronic maxillary sinusitis, bronchiectasis and "situs
inversus totalis". Literature is reviewed. It is important to understand
genetical and etiology aspects of bronchiectasis. Diagnosis was considered on
the basis of... |
Which disease is associated with the ectopic expression of the protein encoded by the gene DUX4? | Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) is a progressive muscular dystrophy caused by decreased epigenetic repression of the D4Z4 macrosatellite repeats and ectopic expression of DUX4, a retrogene encoding a germline transcription factor encoded in each repeat. | Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal domit disorder
linked to contractions of the D4Z4 repeat array in the subtelomeric region of
chromosome 4q. By comparing genome-wide gene expression data from muscle
biopsies of patients with FSHD to those of 11 other neuromuscular disorders,
paired-like... |
Which G protein is essential in the formation and function of lamellipodia? | Recruitment of the small G-protein Rac1 to the plasma membrane is essential in inducing the local formation of specialized cellular processes termed lamellipodia. | EDG-1 is a heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding protein-coupled receptor
(GPCR) for sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP). Cell migration toward platelet-derived
growth factor (PDGF), which stimulates sphingosine kinase and increases
intracellular SPP, was dependent on expression of EDG-1. Deletion of edg-1 or
inhibit... |
Which are the main functions of the APOBEC3 family of proteins? | The APOBEC3 family of cytidine deaminases play a critical role in host-mediated defense against exogenous viruses, most notably, human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), and endogenous transposable elements, such as LINE-1 and Alu retrotransposons. | In the human genome the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic
polypeptide (APOBEC)3 gene has expanded into a tandem array of genes termed
APOBEC3A-G. Two members of this family, APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F, have been found
to have potent activity against virion infectivity factor deficient (Deltavif)
human immun... |
Which histone modifications are associated with constitutive heterochromatin? | Strong methylation at H3 lysine 9 occurred preferentially in heterochromatic chromocenters of Arabidopsis nuclei. In general, heterochromatin has been linked to trimethylation of H3 at lysine 9 and parsimony analysis reveal that histone H3K9 methylation is, next to histone deacetylation, the evolutionary most stable he... | Histone methylation was first described more than 35 years ago, but its role has
remained enigmatic. Proposed functions range from transcriptional regulation to
the higher-order packaging of chromatin in preparation for mitotic condensation.
Histone methylation can occur on Arg or Lys residues, with an exquisite sit... |
What is the main application of SWATH-MS in proteomics? | Using the method called SWATH-MS one might ask sample sets for the presence and quantity of essentially any protein of interest. | The prevalence of metabolic disorders (MDs), especially diabetes, is rapidly
increasing worldwide, leading to an increasing risk of cardiovascular and other
socially relevant complications. To boost MD biomarker discovery, advanced
proteomics can harmonize metabolomics. Indeed, the rapid development of mass
spectro... |
Do selenoproteins and selenium play a role in prostate cancer prevention? | No, although initial epidemiological studies on humans and on animal and cell- based models indicated that selenoproteins may be protecting against prostate cancer, more research is needed to improve the understanding of selenium metabolism and requirements for optimal health. | Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common cancer in men and a leading cause of
cancer death. Prostatic gland accumulates reasonably high amount of selenium
(Se), the element that prevents the development of PC. It is hypothesized that
some selenoproteins inhibit the transformation of normal prostate epithelium
into n... |
What can Nothobranchius furzeri be used as a model system for? | N. furzeri an interesting model system to investigate the effects of experimental manipulations on longevity and age-related pathologies.
N. furzeri could represent a model system for studying the genetic control of life-history traits in natural populations.
N. furzeri could be a very useful model for comparative geno... | Aging research in vertebrates is hampered by the lack of short-lived models.
Annual fishes of the genus Nothobranchius live in East African seasonal ponds.
Their life expectancy in the wild is limited by the duration of the wet season
and their lifespan in captivity is also short. Nothobranchius are popular
aquariu... |
What is the function of TALENs? | These chimeric enzymes can be used to introduce a double strand break at a specific genomic site which then can become the substrate for error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), generating mutations at the site of cleavage. Artificial transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) provide a powerful ne... | Technology development has always been one of the forces driving breakthroughs
in biomedical research. Since the time of Thomas Morgan, Drosophilists have,
step by step, developed powerful genetic tools for manipulating and functionally
dissecting the Drosophila genome, but room for improving these technologies and ... |
Has protein citrullination been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis? | Yes, protein citrullination been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis. | Protein citrullination is a posttranslational modification that has attracted
increased attention, especially for its involvement in rheumatoid arthritis
(RA). Here, we assess the citrullinome in RA synovial fluid by direct LC-MS/MS
analysis and by the use of an enrichment strategy based on citrulline specific
biot... |
Show results of randomised controlled trials for certolizumab pegol. | Improvement of clinical results (ACR50, 28 joint disease activity score (DAS-28) remission and HAQ scores) with certolizumab pegol. Adverse events were more frequent with certolizumab; there was a statistically significant increase in the number of serious adverse events, infections and hypertension.
Randomised control... | This paper presents a summary of the evidence review group (ERG) report into the
clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of certolizumab pegol (CZP) for
adults with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that have not responded adequately
to treatment with conventional disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs)... |
Which is the mass-tag that reveal the ubiquitination of a lysine residue? | Lys-ɛ-Gly-Gly (K-ɛ-GG) is the remnant produced by trypsin digestion of proteins having ubiquitinated lysine side chains. | The quantitation of lysine post-translational modifications (PTMs) by bottom-up
mass spectrometry is convoluted by the need for analogous derivatives and the
production of different tryptic peptides from the unmodified and modified
versions of a protein. Chemical derivatization of lysines prior to enzymatic
digesti... |
Which gene is involved in CADASIL? | Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), the most common form of familial vascular dementia, is caused by mutations of the NOTCH3 gene. | Cerebral autosomal domit arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and
leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a vascular dementing disease caused by
mutations in the NOTCH3 gene, most which are missense mutations leading to an
uneven number of cysteine residues in epidermal growth factor-like repeats in
the extracellular do... |
What is the role of thyroid hormone receptor alpha1 in insulin secretion? | Liganded TR(alpha) plays a critical role in beta-cell replication and in expansion of the beta-cell mass. the TRalpha P398H mutation which cannot bind T3, is associated with insulin resistance. Loss of Thra protects mice from high-fat diet-induced hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance. | Thyroid hormone has profound effects on metabolic homeostasis, regulating both
lipogenesis and lipolysis, primarily by modulating adrenergic activity. We
generated mice with a point mutation in the thyroid hormone receptor alpha
(TRalpha) gene producing a domit-negative TRalpha mutant receptor with a
proline to his... |
Do R-loops tend to form at sites of DNA replication? | R-loops co-localize with the ORC within the same CpG island region in a significant fraction of these efficient replication origins. Physiological R-loop formation at CpG island promoters can contribute to DNA replication origin specification at these regions, the most efficient replication initiation sites in mammalia... | Escherichia coli rnhA mutants devoid of RNase HI exhibit constitutive stable DNA
replication, cSDR, which is thought to be initiated from R-loops stabilized in
the absence of RNase HI. We found that a combination of an rnhA and a recG
mutation is lethal to the cell. recG mutations that inactivate the helicase
activ... |
Which two catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitors can be used for treatment of Parkinson disease? | Tolcapone (central and peripheral) and entacapone (peripheral) are catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitors that are used for treatment of Parkinson disease. | Flurodopa (FDOPA) is an analogue of L-di-hydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) used to
assess the nigrostriatal dopamine system in vivo with positron emission
tomography (PET). However, FDOPA/PET quantitation is complicated by the presence
of the 3-O-methyl-FDOPA (3OMFD) fraction in brain and plasma. Pretreatment with
enta... |
What are the structures formed when keratin molecules come together? | Keratins form the intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton and provide scaffold structures within cells. | Desmosomes are cell-cell adhesion structures that integrate cytoskeletal
networks. In addition to binding intermediate filaments, the desmosomal protein
desmoplakin (DP) regulates microtubule reorganization in the epidermis. In this
paper, we identify a specific subset of centrosomal proteins that are recruited
to ... |
Which is the prognostic impact of hypothyroidism in patients with acute myocardial infarction? | Thyroid dysfunction, particularly low T3 syndrome, is a strong predictor of short-term and long-term poor prognoses in patients with acute myocardial infarctions. | PURPOSE: The thyroid hormone system may be downregulated temporarily in patients
who are severely ill. This "euthyroid sick syndrome" may be an adaptive response
to conserve energy. However, thyroid hormone also has beneficial effects on the
cardiovascular system, such as improving cardiac function, reducing systemi... |
Which are the main features of CREST and other ALS-linked proteins? | CREST and certain other ALS-linked proteins share several features implicated in ALS pathogenesis, namely the ability to aggregate, be recruited to stress granules and alter paraspeckle integrity. | INTRODUCTION: Recently it has been shown in animal models of amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis (ALS) that stem cells significantly slow the progression of the
disease and prolong survival. We have evaluated the feasibility and safety of a
method of intraspinal cord implantation of autologous mesenchymal stem cells
(MSC... |
Mutations of which genes have been associated with Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT)? | Mutations in five genes – ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2), calsequestrin 2(CASQ2), triadic (TRDN), calmodulin 1 (CALM1) and potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 2 (KCNJ2) – have been found to be associated with CPVT | Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a familial
arrhythmogenic disorder associated with mutations in the cardiac ryanodine
receptor (RyR2) and cardiac calsequestrin (CASQ2) genes. Previous in vitro
studies suggested that RyR2 and CASQ2 interact as parts of a multimolecular
Ca(2+)-signalin... |
What is the relationship between nucleosomes and exons? | Nucleosomes are preferentially located within exons compared to nearby intronic sequences. Preferential positioning within the exons is indepedent of gene expression levels, stronger in exons with weak splice sites and conserved through metazoan evolution. | We describe the structural implications of a periodic pattern found in human
exons and introns by hidden Markov models. We show that exons (besides the
reading frame) have a specific sequential structure in the form of a pattern
with triplet consensus non-T(A/T)G, and a minimal periodicity of roughly ten
nucleotide... |
List programs suitable for pharmacophore modelling | A pharmacophore is an abstract description of molecular features which are necessary for molecular recognition of a ligand by a biological macromolecule. The IUPAC defines a pharmacophore to be "an ensemble of steric and electronic features that is necessary to ensure the optimal supramolecular interactions with a spec... | In the present study we investigate whether augmentation of pharmacophores with
excluded (ligand-inaccessible) volumes can condense the lengthy unspecific hit
lists often obtained in 3D-database searching. Our pharmacophores contained
hydrophobic features defined by the hormone, hydrogen bond donor and acceptor
fea... |
Is selenium deficiency involved in autoimmune thyroid disease? | Selenium deficiency is likely to constitute a risk factor for a feedforward derangement of the immune system-thyroid interaction, while selenium supplementation appears to dampen the self-amplifying nature of this derailed interactionIn areas with severe selenium deficiency higher incidence of thyroiditis has been repo... | In areas with severe selenium deficiency there is a higher incidence of
thyroiditis due to a decreased activity of selenium-dependent glutathione
peroxidase activity within thyroid cells. Selenium-dependent enzymes also have
several modifying effects on the immune system. Therefore, even mild selenium
deficiency ma... |
List disorders that are caused by mutations in the mitochondrial MTND6 gene. | Mitochondrial MTND6 gene mutations are the cause of Leigh syndrome and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and/or dystonia. | A novel point mutation in the ND6 subunit of complex I at position 14,459 of the
mitochondrial DNA (MTND6*LDY T14459A) was identified as a candidate mutation for
the highly tissue-specific disease. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy plus
dystonia. Since the MTND6*LDYT14459A mutation was identified in a single famil... |
Which are the most common methods for ctDNA (circulating tumour DNA) detection? | Recently, nanoplasmonics has emerged as a platform for one-step dual detection with high sensitivity and specificity. The practice of "liquid biopsy" as a diagnostic, prognostic and theranostic tool in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is an appealing approach, at least in theory, since it is noninvasive and ... | Author information:
(1)1] Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford
University, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Division of Oncology, Department of
Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California,
USA. [3].
(2)1] Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative... |
Which gene is associated with Muenke syndrome? | Muenke syndrome has been related to a mutation on the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR3) gene. | Hypochondroplasia (HCH) and Muenke syndrome (MS) are caused by mutations on
FGFR3 gene. FGFR3 is known to play a role in controlling nervous system
development. We describe the clinical and neuroradiological findings of the
first two patients, to our knowledge, affected by HCH and MS, respectively, in
whom bilatera... |
Is it safe to use Abatacept during pregnancy? | It is not safe to use the drug abatacept during pregnancy, since there is very limited experience/knowledge yet. Additionally, it is recommended to withdraw the drug before pregnancy. | A consensus paper concerning the interaction of anti-rheumatic drugs and
reproduction was published in 2006, representing data collected during the year
2004 and 2005. Because of an increasing use of biological agents in women of
fertile age, the information was updated for the years 2006 and 2007. Experts
disagree... |
What is DeepCAGE? | The cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) technology has been established to detect transcriptional starting sites (TSSs) and expression levels by utilizing 5' cDNA tags and PCR. It has been reported that the amount of templates is proportional to the amplification efficiency of PCR. CAGE has been used as a key techni... | Finding and characterizing mRNAs, their transcription start sites (TSS), and
their associated promoters is a major focus in post-genome biology. Mammalian
cells have at least 5-10 magnitudes more TSS than previously believed, and
deeper sequencing is necessary to detect all active promoters in a given tissue.
Here,... |
Is STAT3 involved in EIF2AK2-dependent suppression of autophagy? | STAT3 may act as a competitive inhibitor of EIF2AK2. Indeed, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of STAT3 stimulates EIF2AK2-dependent EIF2S1 phosphorylation and autophagy. Conversely, the overexpression of wild-type STAT3 as well as of STAT3 mutants that cannot be phosphorylated by JAK2 or are excluded from the nucl... | In a screen designed to identify novel inducers of autophagy, we discovered that
STAT3 inhibitors potently stimulate the autophagic flux. Accordingly, genetic
inhibition of STAT3 stimulated autophagy in vitro and in vivo, while
overexpression of STAT3 variants, encompassing wild-type, nonphosphorylatable,
and extra... |
RTS S AS01 vaccine was developed to prevent which disease? | RTS,S/AS01 vaccine was developed for prevention of malaria. | The RTS,S/AS01(E) malaria vaccine candidate has recently entered Phase 3
testing. Reaching this important milestone is the culmination of more than 20
years of research and development by GlaxoSmithKline and partners and
collaborators. The vaccine has been developed to protect young children and
infants living in S... |
What are the Topological Domains (TADs)? | Topolological domains or TADs are megabase-sized local chromatin interaction domains which are a pervasive structural feature of the genome organization. These domains correlate with regions of the genome that constrain the spread of heterochromatin. The domains are stable across different cell types and highly conserv... | The spatial organization of the genome is intimately linked to its biological
function, yet our understanding of higher order genomic structure is coarse,
fragmented and incomplete. In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, interphase
chromosomes occupy distinct chromosome territories, and numerous models have
been propo... |
What is the vibrational theory of olfaction? | The vibrational theory of olfaction assumes that electron transfer occurs across odorants at the active sites of odorant receptors (ORs), serving as a sensitive measure of odorant vibrational frequencies, ultimately leading to olfactory perception. The theory proposes that olfactory receptors respond not to the shape o... | A novel theory of primary olfactory reception is described. It proposes that
olfactory receptors respond not to the shape of the molecules but to their
vibrations. It differs from previous vibrational theories (Dyson, Wright) in
providing a detailed and plausible mechanism for biological transduction of
molecular v... |
Are CTCF and BORIS involved in genome regulation and cancer? | Yes. CTCF is ubiquitously expressed and plays diverse roles in gene regulation, imprinting, insulation, intra/interchromosomal interactions, nuclear compartmentalisation, and alternative splicing. CTCF has a single paralogue, the testes-specific CTCF-like gene (CTCFL)/BORIS. CTCF and BORIS can be deregulated in cancer.... | CTCF is a ubiquitous 11 zinc finger (ZF) protein with highly versatile
functions: in addition to transcriptional silencing or activating in a
context-dependent fashion, it organizes epigenetically controlled chromatin
insulators that regulate imprinted genes in soma. Recently, we have identified a
CTCF paralogue, t... |
What is the application of the ASSET algorithm in C.elegans? | ASSET (Algorithm for the Segmentation and the Standardization of C. elegans Time-lapse recordings) is a robust algorithm for the automated segmentation and standardization of early Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. It gathers quantitative information with subcellular precision in the early Caenorhabditis elegans embryo, ... | |
Are Sidekick proteins members of the immunoglobulin superfamily? | Yes, sidekick are cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily. | |
What are the pyknons? | Using an unsupervised pattern-discovery method, the human intergenic and intronic regions were processed and all variable-length patterns with identically conserved copies and multiplicities above what is expected by chance were catalogued. Among the millions of discovered patterns, a subset of 127,998 patterns was fou... | Pyknons are non-random sequence patterns significantly repeated throughout
non-coding genomic DNA that also appear at least once among coding genes. They
are interesting because they portend an unforeseen connection between coding and
non-coding DNA. Pyknons have only been discovered in the human genome, so it is
u... |
Which deiodinases are best known to be present in brain? | All the 3 deiodinases (Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3 deiodinase) are present in the "brain" but Type 1 deiodinase is only found in neurohypophysis that cannot be actually considered true "brain tissue". | In the present study the hypothesis was tested that
N-bromoacetyl-3,3',5-[125I]triiodothyronine (BrAc[125I]T3) is a useful affinity
label for both type I and type III iodothyronine deiodinases (ID-I and ID-III).
Therefore, the microsomal fractions of various rat tissues were tested for ID-I
and ID-III activities, a... |
What are the computational methods for the prediction of beta-barrel transmembrane proteins? | Computational tools have been developed for beta-barrel transmembrane protein discrimination, topology prediction and prediction of their structural features.
Initial methods developed for the prediction of the transmembrane beta strands were based on hydrophobicity analysis, using sliding windows along the sequence, i... | In order to propose a reliable model for Brucella porin topology, several
structure prediction methods were evaluated in their ability to predict porin
topology. Four porins of known structure were selected as test-cases and their
secondary structure delineated. The specificity and sensitivity of 11 methods
were se... |
Describe what is the usage of the Theatre software tool for genomic analysis. | Theatre is a web-based computing system designed for the comparative analysis of genomic sequences, especially with respect to motifs likely to be involved in the regulation of gene expression. Theatre is an interface to commonly used sequence analysis tools and biological sequence databases to determine or predict the... | |
How are CRM (cis-regulatory modules) defined? | Eukaryotic genes are often regulated by several transcription factors whose binding sites are tightly clustered and form cis-regulatory modules. | The binding of transcription factors to specific regulatory sequence elements is
a primary mechanism for controlling gene transcription. Eukaryotic genes are
often regulated by several transcription factors whose binding sites are tightly
clustered and form cis-regulatory modules. In this paper, we present a web
se... |
Which is the main regulatory molecule of SERCA2A function in the cardiac muscle? | SERCA2a activity is regulated by phosphorylation of another SR protein, Phospholamban (PLN). Phospholamban (PLB) inhibits the activity of SERCA2a, the Ca(2+)-ATPase in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum, by decreasing the apparent affinity of the enzyme for Ca(2+). | Dilated cardiomyopathy and end-stage heart failure result in multiple defects in
cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. Via complementation of a genetically
based mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy, we now provide evidence that
progressive chamber dilation and heart failure are dependent on a Ca2+ cycling
defe... |
Which gene is responsible for the development of the Mowat-Wilson syndrome? | Mowat-Wilson syndrome is a genetic disease caused by heterozygous mutations or deletions of the zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) gene. | We report a girl who had Hirschsprung disease in association with distinct
facial appearance, microcephaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum and mental
retardation (Mowat-Wilson syndrome). Mutation analysis of the zinc finger homeo
box 1 B (ZFHX1 B) gene revealed a de novo 7 bp deletion (TGGCCCC) at nucleotide
1773 ... |
How is active neurotoxin of Clostridium botulinum detected? | Active neurotoxin of Clostridium botulinum can be detected by:
mouse lethality assay
by mass spectrometry
bioassay
differentiated cell models
peptide cleavage assay
FDC (functional dual coating) microtitre plate immuno-biochemical assay
endopeptidase activity monitored via UV-Visible spectroscopy | Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are proteases that cleave specific cellular
proteins essential for neurotransmitter release. Seven BoNT serotypes (A-G)
exist; 4 usually cause human botulism (A, B, E, and F). We developed a rapid,
mass spectrometry-based method (Endopep-MS) to detect and differentiate active
BoNTs A, ... |
Which factor interacts with Treslin/TICRR throughout the cell cycle of human cells? | MDM two binding protein (MTBP) is a factor that interacts with Treslin/TICRR throughout the cell cycle. MTBP depletion by means of small interfering RNA inhibits DNA replication by preventing assembly of the CMG (Cdc45-MCM-GINS) holohelicase during origin firing. Although MTBP has been implicated in the function of the... | |
What is oprozomib? | Oprozomib is a second-generation, highly-selective, orally administered proteasome inhibitor with promising activity against multiple myeloma.
Oprozomib directly inhibited OC formation and bone resorption in vitro, while enhancing osteogenic differentiation and matrix mineralization. Oprozomib increased trabecular bone... | Proteasome inhibitors (PIs), namely bortezomib, have become a cornerstone
therapy for multiple myeloma (MM), potently reducing tumor burden and inhibiting
pathologic bone destruction. In clinical trials, carfilzomib, a next generation
epoxyketone-based irreversible PI, has exhibited potent anti-myeloma efficacy
and... |
Is there a relationship between junctin and ryanodine receptors? | Yes, junctin binds to ryanodine receptors within the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum of calcium release units, and normally acts as an activator of RyR channels at low luminal [Ca(2+)], and as an inhibitor at high luminal [Ca(2+)]. | Junctin is a 26 kDa membrane protein that binds to calsequestrin, triadin, and
ryanodine receptors (RyRs) within the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum of
calcium release units. The sequence of junctin includes a short N-terminal
cytoplasmic domain a single transmembrane domain, and a highly charged
C-terminal domai... |
Which medication should be administered when managing patients with suspected acute opioid overdose? | Naloxone is opioid anagonist that should be administered for all patients with suspected acute opioid overdose. Intravenous naltrexone hydrochloride is usually administered, however, other formulations, including enteral methylnaltrexone, nebulized naloxone and subcutaneous naloxone, are under investigation and can be ... | Drug and alcohol abuse continue to be commonly encountered problems in most
patient populations. To deal effectively with these problems, the primary care
physician must have a thorough knowledge of the pharmacology of commonly abused
drugs and the adjunctive agents used in treatment. Management of alcoholism may
i... |
In which nuclear compartments is heterochromatin located? | This compartment localizes into three main regions: the peripheral heterochromatin, perinucleolar heterochromatin, and pericentromeric heterochromatin. Silencing appears to be associated with histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3), DNA methylation and the localization of the silenced gene to a specific nuclear co... | The effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) trichostatin A (TSA)
and sodium butyrate (NaBt) were studied in A549, HT29 and FHC human cell lines.
Global histone hyperacetylation, leading to decondensation of interphase
chromatin, was characterized by an increase in H3(K9) and H3(K4) dimethylation
and H... |
Have mutations in the ZEB2 gene been found in any human syndrome? | Yes, the Mowat-Wilson syndrome | MWS is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome, first clinically delineated by
Mowat et al in 1998. Over 45 cases have now been reported. All patients have
typical dysmorphic features in association with severe intellectual disability,
and nearly all have microcephaly and seizures. Congenital anomalies, including
Hi... |
Which enzymes are involved in global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER) in bacteria? | Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is universally used to recognize and remove many types of DNA damage. In eubacteria, the NER system typically consists of UvrA, UvrB, UvrC, the UvrD helicase, DNA polymerase I, and ligase. Damage recognition during bacterial NER depends upon UvrA, which binds to the damage and loads Uv... | DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) are unique among DNA lesions in their unusually
bulky nature. We have recently shown that nucleotide excision repair (NER) and
RecBCD-dependent homologous recombination (HR) collaboratively alleviate the
lethal effect of DPCs in Escherichia coli. In this study, to gain further
insight... |
Is JTV519 (K201) a potential drug for the prevention of arrhythmias? | Yes, JTV519 has antiarrhythmic properties. | 1. We investigated the effects of JTV-519
(4-[3-(4-benzylpiperidin-1-yl)propionyl]-7-methoxy-2,3,4,
5-tetrahydro-1,4-benzothiazepine monohydrochloride), a novel cardioprotective
drug, on the repolarizing K(+) currents in guinea-pig atrial cells by use of
patch-clamp techniques. We also evaluated the effects of JTV-... |
What is the mechanism of microRNA deregulation in carcinogenesis? | MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-protein coding single-stranded RNAs (19–25 nucleotides in length) generated from cleavage of larger non-coding RNAs by the ribonuclease III enzyme Dicer. They become part of the RNA-induced silencing complex and negatively regulate gene expression by binding to homologous 3'-UTR r... | MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules playing regulatory roles
by repressing translation or cleaving RNA transcripts. Although the number of
verified human miRNA is still expanding, only few have been functionally
described. However, emerging evidences suggest the potential involvement of
altered re... |
Which type of GTPases is required for amino acid-dependent activation of mTORC1? | Heterodimeric Rag GTPases are required for amino-acid-mediated mTORC1 activation at the lysosome | Amino acids are required for activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin
(mTOR) kinase, which regulates protein translation, cell size, and autophagy.
However, the amino acid sensor that directly couples intracellular amino
acid-mediated signaling to mTORC1 is unknown. Here we show that leucyl-tRNA
synthetase (... |
In which genomic regions are Alu enriched? | There are regions such as the four homeobox gene clusters, which are nearly devoid of these repeats that contrast with repeat dense regions in other transcriptionally active regions of the genome. Alu elements are more clustered in genes which are involved in metabolism, transport, and signaling processes. In contrast,... | Cloned DNA fragments form the human beta-like globin genomic region can be
transcribed in vitro by RNA polymerase III. We have investigated the structure
of two templates and their transcripts by DNA sequencing, size fractionation of
ribonuclease T1 generated oligonucleotides, and ribonuclease H digestion of RNA
: ... |
What is the synonym of the lubag disease? | Lubag disease is also known as X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP). This disease is characterized by dystonia and parkinsonism, and afflicts Filipino men, and rarely, women originating principally from the Panay Island. | We report a patient with Lubag (X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism) who presented
with severe respiratory stridor from adductor laryngeal breathing dystonia.
Emergency tracheostomy was necessary, and subsequent laryngeal injection with
botulinum toxin led to worsening aspiration. Botulinum toxin injection for
severe li... |
Dracorhodin perchlorate was tested for treatment of which cancers? | Dracorhodin perchlorate induce apoptosis in prostate cancer, gastric tumor, melanoma and premyelocytic leukemia. | Dracorhodin perchlorate inhibited proliferation of several tumor cell lines. The
drug induced oligonucleosomal fragmentation of DNA in HeLa cells and increased
caspase-3, -8, -9 activities followed by the degradation of caspase-3
substrates, inhibitor of caspase-dependent DNase, and poly-(ADP-ribose)
polymerase. It... |
What is the role of venous angioplasty in multiple sclerosis? | Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The proposed treatment for CCSVI is percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, also known as the 'liberation procedure', which is claimed to improve the blood flow in the brain, thereby alleviating ... | OBJECTIVE: Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is characterized
by combined stenoses of the principal pathways of extracranial venous drainage,
including the internal jugular veins (IJVs) and the azygous (AZY) vein, with
development of collateral circles and insufficient drainage shown by increased
m... |
Are the Fanconi anemia genes a part of the same signalling pathway? | The FA genes code for proteins that act in complexes to coordinate the repair of damaged DNA | Fanconi anaemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder associated
with a progressive aplastic anaemia, diverse congenital abnormalities and
cancer. The condition is genetically heterogeneous, with at least seven
complementation groups (A-G) described. Cells from individuals who are
homozygous for mutatio... |
Are there clinical trials using stem cells for the treatment of cardiac disease? | Yes, there exists clinical trials for cardiac stem cell based treatment. | Atherosclerotic vascular disease becomes a clinical problem when there is
sufficient atherosclerotic plaque burden and/or endothelial dysfunction to cause
a limitation of nutrient blood flow to tissues. However, once myocardial
infarction has occurred, there is little, if any, way to stimulate the growth of
new blo... |
Is DNA methylation an epigenetic modification of chromatin related to gene expression? | Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation alter gene expression at the level of transcription by upregulating, downregulating, or silencing genes completely. | Epigenetic changes are critical for development and progression of cancers,
including breast cancer. Significant progress has been made in the basic
understanding of how various epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone
modification, miRNA expression, and higher order chromatin structure affect gene
expre... |
Is Growth factor independence 1b (GFI1B) important for hematopoiesis? | Yes. Gfi-1B is a transcriptional repressor essential for the regulation of erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis. Gfi-1b(-/-) embryonic stem cells fail to contribute to red cells of adult chimeras. Gfi-1b(-/-) embryos exhibit delayed maturation of primitive erythrocytes and subsequently die with failure to produce defin... | Gfi-1 and Gfi-1b are novel proto-oncogenes identified by retroviral insertional
mutagenesis. By gene targeting, we establish that Gfi-1b is required for the
development of two related blood lineages, erythroid and megakaryocytic, in
mice. Gfi-1b(-/-) embryonic stem cells fail to contribute to red cells of adult
chi... |
Has Revlimid been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration? | Yes, Revlimid has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of multiple myeloma. | The IMiDs represent a new proprietary class of thalidomide analogues that
possess greater potency and less toxicity than the parent compound. As a group,
these agents share the pharmacologic property of modulating cellular response to
ligand activation, the precise biologic effect of which is cell lineage and
stimu... |
Which is the execution time (complexity) of the Smith-Waterman algorithm for the alignment of two sequences | The complexity of the Smith-Waterman dynamic programming algorithm is quadratic, that is, it runs in time proportional to the product of lengths of the sequences being aligned. | The sensitivity and selectivity of the FASTA and the Smith-Waterman protein
sequence comparison algorithms were evaluated using the superfamily
classification provided in the National Biomedical Research Foundation/Protein
Identification Resource (PIR) protein sequence database. Sequences from each of
the 34 superf... |
List mutations that are implicated in the Gray Platelet Syndrome. | GFI1B and NBEAL2 mutations are implicated in the Gray Platelet Syndrome. | Gray platelet syndrome (GPS) is an autosomal recessive bleeding disorder that is
characterized by large platelets that lack α-granules. Here we show that
mutations in NBEAL2 (neurobeachin-like 2), which encodes a BEACH/ARM/WD40 domain
protein, cause GPS and that megakaryocytes and platelets from individuals with
GP... |
Has single guide RNA been used on human cells? | Yes, sgRNA has been used in human cell lines. | The Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) nuclease can be efficiently targeted to
genomic loci by means of single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) to enable genome editing.
Here, we characterize SpCas9 targeting specificity in human cells to inform the
selection of target sites and avoid off-target effects. Our study evaluates >7... |
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