question stringlengths 13 215 | ground_truth stringlengths 2 3.15k | context stringlengths 0 157k |
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Elaborate on the association between Genomic Regulatory Blocks (GRBs) and target genes | Genomic regulatory blocks (GRBs) are chromosomal regions spanned by highly conserved non-coding elements (HCNEs), most of which serve as regulatory inputs of one target gene in the region. The target genes are most often transcription factors involved in embryonic development and differentiation. GRBs often contain ext... | We report evidence for a mechanism for the maintece of long-range conserved
synteny across vertebrate genomes. We found the largest mammal-teleost conserved
chromosomal segments to be spanned by highly conserved noncoding elements
(HCNEs), their developmental regulatory target genes, and phylogenetically and
functi... |
Which therapeutic interventions for sarcopenia have been applied | The main bulk of experimental pharmacological interventions addressing the clinical problem of frailty have been focused on the use of hormones, as replacement therapy in subjects with low or normal circulating basal levels of the hormone. Results have been disappointing, except for the case of testosterone that have s... | Frailty is a geriatric syndrome characterized by muscle weakness, sarcopenia,
and fatigue, and is associated with several adverse health outcomes, including
disability. Design of therapeutic interventions for geriatric frailty has been
challenging and may be because of inadequate understanding of its biological
und... |
What is the genetic basis of progeria? | Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is a rare, sporadic, autosomal dominant syndrome that involves premature aging, generally leading to death at approximately 13 years of age due to myocardial infarction or stroke. The genetic basis of most cases of this syndrome is a change from glycine GGC to glycine GGT in codon ... | To characterize further the genetic basis of progeria, thermolability studies
were performed on three genetically distinct enzymes in crude extracts of
cultured skin fibroblasts derived from two subjects with that syndrome. At early
passage the progeric fibroblasts, as compared to controls, contained a
significantl... |
What is the function of cryptochrome-1 in mouse? | Cryptochrome-1 (Cry1) is an essential component of the central and peripheral circadian clocks for generation of circadian rhythms in mice. | The mammalian master clock driving circadian rhythmicity in physiology and
behavior resides within the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the anterior
hypothalamus. Circadian rhythms are generated by a set of clock genes via
intertwined negative and positive autoregulatory transcription-translation
feedback loops. The... |
Describe July Effect. | The July effect is the hypothetical increase in morbidity and mortality thought to be associated with the influx of new (or newly promoted) trainees during the first portion of the academic year (in July). | BACKGROUND: Each July thousands begin medical residencies and acquire increased
responsibility for patient care. Many have suggested that these new medical
residents may produce errors and worsen patient outcomes-the so-called "July
Effect;" however, we have found no U.S. evidence documenting this effect.
OBJECTIVE:... |
Which intermediate filament (IF) protein can be used as a non-specific marker of the neuronal precursor cells of the subventricular zone? | Nestin can be used as a nonspecific marker protein for precursor cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ). Nestin is a unique intermediate filament protein. While it is robustly expressed in developing brain, postnatal expression is limited to the brain's SVZ. | The subventricular zone (SVZ) is an embryonic remt that persists and remains
mitotically active throughout adulthood. The rodent SVZ harbors neuronal
precursors, principally in its anterior part, and generates neuroblasts that
migrate tangentially into the olfactory bulb, thus forming the so-called rostral
migrator... |
Which enzyme is involved in the maintenance of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methylation? | The mammalian DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferase 1, DNMT1 is the major enzyme responsible for the maintenance of the DNA methylation patterns on the newly synthesized strand after DNA replication. DNMT1 prefers hemimethylated DNA and during DNA replication methylates hemimethylated CpG sites by copying methylation patt... | Methylation of cytosine residues in DNA plays an important role in regulating
gene expression during vertebrate embryonic development. Conversely, disruption
of normal patterns of methylation is common in tumors and occurs early in
progression of some human cancers. In vertebrates, it appears that the same DNA
meth... |
Is transcapillary albumin escape altered in diabetic patients? | An altered TERalb is present in type 2 diabetic patients, both with normal and altered patterns of AER.
TERalb is increased also in normo-albuminuric type 1 diabetic patients. | BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have shown that albuminuria
is a predictor of cardiovascular disease in these patients and there is a
particularly high incidence of coronary heart disease in the early stages of
albuminuri... |
Which genes does thyroid hormone receptor beta1 regulate in the liver? | LDL receptor"//
"ChREBP"//
"ME", "malic enzyme"//
"cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase"// | The current study demonstrates that T3-activated transcription of the
NADPH:cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (P450R) gene is dependent on the thyroid
hormonal status of the animal, with both transcriptional and
post-transcriptional pathways being important in regulating the cellular P450R
mRNA level. The region requi... |
Are conserved noncoding elements associated with developmental genes? | Yes. Numerous studies suggest that conserved noncoding elements span developmental regulatory genes and define regulatory domains. | Fish-mammal genomic comparisons have proved powerful in identifying conserved
noncoding elements likely to be cis-regulatory in nature, and the majority of
those tested in vivo have been shown to act as tissue-specific enhancers
associated with genes involved in transcriptional regulation of development.
Although m... |
In what proportion of children with heart failure has Enalapril been shown to be safe and effective? | In children with heart failure evidence of the effect of enalapril is empirical. Enalapril was clinically safe and effective in 50% to 80% of for children with cardiac failure secondary to congenital heart malformations before and after cardiac surgery, impaired ventricular function , valvar regurgitation, congestive... | The short-term hemodynamic effects of intravenous enalaprilat were assessed in
26 infants and children, aged 6 months to 15 years, with intracardiac shunts
undergoing cardiac catheterization. Pulmonary and systemic pressure, flow, and
resistance indices were measured by the direct Fick method before and 30 min
afte... |
Is myasthenia gravis associated with osteoporosis? | Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disease which has been associated with an increased risk of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Thymectomy can also increase risk for osteoporosis. Appropriate osteoporosis preventive measures can reduce osteoporosis risk in MG patients. | Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease where corticoids are the basis of
therapy. They are taken for short periods in large amounts, as well as for
prolonged periods in medium or small doses. The authors investigated in the
described groups the effect of corticoids on bone tissue. They provided evidence
of a si... |
Which cell type has the protein Chromogranin A as marker? | Chromogranin A is a marker for neuroendocrine cells | BACKGROUND: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are a group of rare tumors.
Chromogranin A (CgA) was considered as the most practical and useful serum tumor
marker in PNET patients. But peripheral blood levels of CgA are not routinely
tested in Chinese patients with PNETs. This study was to assess the diagnosti... |
Does a selective sweep increase genetic variation? | Selective sweep is a phenomenon in which the fixation of strongly beneficial alleles within a population reduces genetic diversity at partially linked neutral loci. Reduced variation or deviations from neutrality, along with an excess of fixed replacement sites, are indicative of selective sweep. | Drosophila melanogaster originated in tropical Africa but has achieved a
cosmopolitan distribution in association with human habitation. Cosmopolitan
populations of D. melanogaster are known to have reduced genetic variation,
particularly on the X chromosome. However, the relative importance of population
bottlenec... |
Which disease phenotypes are associated to PRPS1 mutations? | X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 5 (CMTX5), Arts syndrome, and non-syndromic sensorineural deafness (DFN2) are allelic syndromes, caused by reduced activity of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRS-I) due to loss-of-function mutations in PRPS1. | Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetases (PRSs) catalyze the first step of
nucleotide synthesis. Nucleotides are central to cell function, being the
building blocks of nucleic acids and serving as cofactors in cellular signaling
and metabolism. With this in mind, it is remarkable that mutations in
phosphoribosylpyro... |
Is indicated the use of antioxidant supplements in patients at risk for coronary artery disease? | antioxidant supplementation
However there are no clear evidencies on the clinical and prognostic benefit of this supplementation.
Currently there areno recommendation for the antioxidant therapy in patients with coronary artery disease.
Currently the American Heart Association recommends consumption of a balanced die... | Hypercholesterolemia attributable to increased plasma concentrations of low
density lipoproteins is a well recognized risk factor for the premature
development of coronary atherosclerosis in both experimental animals and humans.
Recent studies have indicated that modifications to low density lipoprotein
result in e... |
Which are the main functions of the human HuR (ELAVL1) protein in fibroblasts? | HuR is an RNA-binding protein that can stabilize labile mRNAs containing AU-rich elements in their 3' untranslated regions and has been shown to shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm. HuR function was previously shown to be implicated in the maintenance of a "young cell" phenotype in models of replicative cellular ... | An important paradigm for post-transcriptional regulation is the control of
cytoplasmic mRNA stability mediated by AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3'
untranslated region of transcripts encoding oncoproteins, cytokines and
transcription factors. While many RNA-binding proteins have been shown to bind
to AREs in vitro... |
Which kinases does baricitinib inhibit? | Baricitinib is an inhibitor of Janus kinase family of enzymes (JAKs) with selectivity for JAK1 and JAK2. | PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide an update on the development of small molecular
compounds as novel therapeutics for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The
development of such orally available agents has long been hoped for in
rheumatology; in the past year, it has become clear that the expectations are
becoming f... |
Is there evidence to suggest that triiodothyronine has neuroprotective properties in traumatic brain injury? | Yes, it has been demonstrated that triiodothyronine exerts neuroprotective properties in traumatic brain injury setting. | Rats with parasagittal incised wounds of the telencephalon were treated for 1,7,
21 or 56 days with triiodothyronine (T3), 0.5 mug/100 g body weight, injected
once daily. Controls were injected with the aqueous solution in which the T3 was
dissolved. The brains were examined histologically and quantitative assessmen... |
What is the role played by mTOR in hypertrophic response and heart failure? | When subjected to pressure overload, mTOR-ablated mice demonstrated an impaired hypertrophic response and accelerated heart failure progression. Thus, mTOR complex 1 signaling plays an important role in myocardial response to stress, to regulate cardiomyocyte viability and heart failure. | Mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) plays a critical role in the regulation
of cell growth and in the response to energy state changes. Drugs inhibiting
MTOR are increasingly used in antineoplastic therapies. Myocardial MTOR activity
changes during hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). However, whether MTOR exerts ... |
Is Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) a critical regulator of hematopoiesis? | Yes. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 restricts hematopoietic progenitor proliferation and is essential for terminal differentiation of erythroid, granulomonocytic and megakaryocytic progenitors. | Gfi-1 and Gfi-1b are homologous transcriptional repressors involved in diverse
developmental contexts, including hematopoiesis and oncogenesis. Transcriptional
repression by Gfi proteins requires the conserved SNAG domain. To elucidate the
function of Gfi proteins, we purified Gfi-1b complexes and identified
intera... |
Is K-63 linked protein ubiquitination related to proteasomal degradation? | Ubiquitination is best known for its role in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome, but evidence of the nonproteolytic functions of ubiquitin is also rapidly accumulating. One example of the regulatory, rather than proteolytic, function of ubiquitin is provided by study of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)... | RING (really interesting new gene) and U-box E3 ligases bridge E2
ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and substrates to enable the transfer of ubiquitin
to a lysine residue on the substrate or to one of the seven lysine residues of
ubiquitin for polyubiquitin chain elongation. Different polyubiquitin chains
have differen... |
Could transcription factors act as cell-cell signalling molecules? | Yes. Recent data support the view that transcription factors - in particular, homeoproteins - can be transferred from cell to cell and have direct non-cell-autonomous (and therefore paracrine) activities. | Pax6 is a transcription factor essential for the development of tissues
including the eyes, central nervous system and endocrine glands of vertebrates
and invertebrates. It regulates the expression of a broad range of molecules,
including transcription factors, cell adhesion and short-range cell-cell
signalling mol... |
Magnetic beads has been used in numerous applications. List some coatings used. | aptamers
enzymes
streptavidin
concanavalin A
carboxylic-modified
TiO2
antibodies
SELEX library
synthesized DNA
C18
C8
oligo(dT) | An electrochemical magneto biosensor for the rapid determination of biotin in
food samples is reported. The affinity reaction was performed on
streptavidin-modified magnetic microbeads as a solid support in a direct
competitive format. The biotinylated horseradish peroxidase enzyme (biotin-HRP)
competes with free b... |
is pharmacological treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism effective in reducing cardiovascular events? | whether SH confers a high risk for cardiovascular disease, and whether LT4 therapy has a long-term benefit that clearly outweighs the risks of overzealous treatment in these individuals, remain topics of controversy. | Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH), defined by elevated serum levels of thyroid
stimulating hormone (TSH) with normal levels of free thyroid hormones, is common
in adults, especially in women over 60 years of age. Among individuals with this
condition, up to two-thirds have serum TSH levels between 5-10 mU/L and thyroi... |
Could Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT)
cause sudden cardiac death? | Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT) can cause sudden cardiac death. | The cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2), the major calcium release channel on the
sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in cardiomyocytes, has recently been shown to be
involved in at least two forms of sudden cardiac death (SCD): (1)
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) or familial
polymorphic VT (FPVT... |
What is the mechanism of action of DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors? | DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors eliminate cancer cells by causing DNA double-strand breaks, finally leading to apoptotic cell death. Moreover, drug-induced histone eviction was also shown to be associated with attenuated DNA repair, epigenetic changes and transcpription deregulation. | We have analyzed the interference of antitumoral drugs acting through the
inhibition of DNA topoisomerase II on the human HeLa cell metabolism. Different
compounds characterized by a diverse mechanism of action have been used, namely
m-amsacrine, an intercalative drug, etoposide, which does not intercalate DNA,
and... |
Are histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors good candidates to control metastasis of solid tumors? | Yes, some HDAC inhibitors, such as Vorinostat, are on trial for human treatment after proving successful in animal models. Combination with other drugs is likely to be needed to control metastasis. | Cancer metastasis represents the most important cause of cancer death and agents
that may inhibit tumor cell invasion have been extensively pursued. In the
present study, we have examined the anti-invasive effect of apicidin
[cyclo(N-O-methyl-L-tryptophanyl-L-isoleucinyl-D-pipecolinyl -L-2-amin
o-8-oxodecanoyl)], a... |
Is muscle lim protein (MLP) involved in cardiomyopathies? | The skeletal muscle LIM protein 1 (SLIM1) is highly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle, and its expression is downregulated significantly in dilated human cardiomyopathy. Loss of murine MLP results in dilated cardiomyopathy, and mutations in human MLP lead to cardiac hypertrophy, indicating a critical role for ML... | The skeletal muscle LIM protein 1 (SLIM1) is highly expressed in skeletal and
cardiac muscle, and its expression is downregulated significantly in dilated
human cardiomyopathy. However, the function of SLIM1 is unknown. In this study,
we investigated the intracellular localization of SLIM1. Endogenous and
recombit ... |
Which gene harbors the mutation T790M? | The T790M mutation refers to the mutation in exon 20 of the EGFR gene | PURPOSE: Acquired resistance to erlotinib in patients with EGFR-mutant non-small
cell lung cancer can result from aberrant activation of alternative receptor
tyrosine kinases, such as the HGF-driven c-MET receptor. We sought to determine
whether inhibition of AKT signaling could augment erlotinib activity and
abrog... |
what is the role of FGF-2 in cardiac regeneration after myocardial infarction? | Exogenous FGF-2 was shown to increase angiogenesis and myocardial perfusion, promote myocardial regeneration by activating the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis, and thereby improve the cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Furthermore, prevascularization with basic FGF-incorporated microspheres enhances the benefits of cardio... | OBJECTIVE: The effects of cell transplantation on the ischemic failing heart
have already been documented. However, the area in and around infarct regions is
not a good environment for cells to survive in because they are exposed to poor
conditions in which certain requirements cannot be adequately supplied. We
the... |
Have 5q35 microdeletions been implicated in Sotos syndrome development? | Loss-of-function mutations of NSD1 and 5q35 microdeletions encompassing NSD1 are a major cause of Sotos syndrome (Sos), which is characterized by overgrowth, macrocephaly, characteristic facies, and variable intellectual disability (ID). | We observed a novel 3.5 Mb 5q subtelomeric deletion in a 3-year-old girl with
developmental delay, hypotonia and multiple minor anomalies. Comparison of her
phenotype with the few published patients with terminal 5q35 deletions revealed
several overlapping features, but also showed remarkable differences such as
sh... |
Tumors of which three organs are classically associated with the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome? | Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome is an inherited cancer syndrome defined by occurrence of multiple neuro-endocrine tumors and is classically associated with the combined occurrence of two or more tumors involving parathyroid gland, pancreas and pituitary gland. Other tumors, including but not limited to adr... | OBJECTIVES: To evaluate patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN
1) for cutaneous manifestations.
DESIGN: Survey during a 3-year period.
SETTING: The National Institutes of Health, a tertiary referral research
hospital in Bethesda Md.
PATIENTS: A consecutive sample of 32 individuals with previously diag... |
Which is the protein implicated in Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3? | Ataxin-3 is a ubiquitously expressed deubiqutinating enzyme with important functions in the proteasomal protein degradation pathway and regulation of transcription. The C-terminus of the ataxin-3 protein contains a polyglutamine (PolyQ) region that, when mutationally expanded to over 52 glutamines, causes the neurodege... | Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), also called spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, is
caused by mutant ataxin-3 with a polyglutamine expansion. Although there is no
treatment available at present to cure or delay the onset of MJD, mouse models
have been generated to facilitate the development of a therapy. In this review,
th... |
What is Tn-seq? | The transposon mutagenesis and high-throughput sequencing (Tn-seq) is a technique that allows for quantitative assessment of individual mutants within a transposon mutant library by sequencing the transposon-genome junctions and then compiling mutant presence by mapping to a base genome. Using Tn-seq, it is possible to... | The lagging annotation of bacterial genomes and the inherent genetic complexity
of many phenotypes is hindering the discovery of new drug targets and the
development of new antimicrobials and vaccines. Here we present the method
Tn-seq, with which it has become possible to quantitatively determine fitness
for most ... |
Is metabolic syndrome related with cardiovascular disease? | The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a cluster of risk factors including central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, The MetS is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). | OBJECTIVE: Associations between metabolic syndrome and its individual components
with risk of incident dementia and its different subtypes are inconsistent.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The 7,087 community-dwelling subjects aged > or =65
years were recruited from the French Three-City (3C) cohort. Hazard ratios (over... |
Is there any functional association during viral replication between flaviviridae viral RNA depended RNA polymerase and viral helicase? | Several labs have obtained evidence for a protein complex that involves many of the nonstructural (NS) proteins encoded by the virus. NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, and NS5B appear to interact structurally and functionally. The interaction between the helicase, NS3, and the RNA polymerase, NS5B play a key role in viral replica... | Dengue virus type 2 (DEN2), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a
re-emerging human pathogen of global significance. DEN2 nonstructural protein 3
(NS3) has a serine protease domain (NS3-pro) and requires the hydrophilic domain
of NS2B (NS2BH) for activation. NS3 is also an RNA-stimulated nucleoside
triphosphata... |
Are defects in recombination repair involved in carcinogenesis? | Yes. The breast cancer-associated BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins are strongly implicated in recombination repair. | Human cells can process DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by either homology
directed or non-homologous repair pathways. Defects in components of DSB repair
pathways are associated with a predisposition to cancer. The products of the
BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which normally confer protection against breast cancer,
are i... |
Which is the prevalence of cystic fibrosis in the human population? | Prevalence of Cystic Fibrosis varies according to the population. A theoretical estimate of the prevalence of cystic fibrosis based on anthropological data suggested a frequency of 25 affected individuals/100,000 inhabitants. However, real data indicated that the true prevalence in the population was considerably lower... | The aim of this study was to evaluate the screening policies of cystic fibrosis
(CF) in the Jewish population. The prevalence of mutations that account for CF
in Israel have been defined in the past by determining the frequency of CF
mutations in affected individuals. This study is a population-based study and
is, ... |
Are seizures among the neurological symptoms of incontinentia pigmenti? | Incontinentia pigmenti is an X-linked dominant disorder resulting from a mutation of IKBKG. This disorder has a classic dermatologic presentation, but neurologic involvement, with seizures and cortical infarction, can arise shortly after birth. | Incontinentia Pigmenti is an X-linked domit neurocutaneous disorder with
central nervous system manifestations in 30% of cases, including seizures and
mental retardation. Ischemic or hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accidents have been
reported rarely in incontinentia pigmenti. Chart review and literature search
was per... |
Which are the different homologs or family members of the hedgehog proteins in mammals? | Hedgehog (Hh) signaling proteins stimulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and tissue patterning at multiple points in animal development. A single Hh homolog is present in Drosophila, but three Hh homologs, Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Indian hedgehog (Ihh) , and Desert hedgehog (Dhh), are present in mammals. | Pancreas organogenesis is regulated by the interaction of distinct signaling
pathways that promote or restrict morphogenesis and cell differentiation.
Previous work has shown that activin, a TGF(beta+) signaling molecule, permits
pancreas development by repressing expression of Sonic hedgehog (Shh), a member
of the... |
What does mTOR stands for? | mTOR stands for: mammalian target of rapamycin. | BACKGROUND: Enhanced proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, and metabolic shift
to glycolysis of pulmonary arterial vascular smooth muscle cells (PAVSMCs) are
key pathophysiological components of pulmonary vascular remodeling in idiopathic
pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The role of the distinct mammalian ta... |
Which is the most common genetic lesion among patients with Joubert Syndrome and a cerebello-oculo-renal phenotype? | Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is an inherited ciliopathy giving rise to NPHP with cerebellar vermis aplasia and retinal degeneration. Among patients with JBTS and a cerebello-oculo-renal phenotype, mutations in CEP290 (NPHP6) are the most common genetic lesion. | Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is the major cause of pediatric renal failure, yet the
disease remains poorly understood, partly due to the lack of appropriate animal
models. Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is an inherited ciliopathy giving rise to NPHP
with cerebellar vermis aplasia and retinal degeneration. Among patients with
J... |
Which scales are recommended by the American Heart Association for depression screening in cardiovascular patients? | Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) are recommended by the American Heart Association for depression screening in cardiovascular patients. | Depression is commonly present in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and
is independently associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and
mortality. Screening tests for depressive symptoms should be applied to identify
patients who may require further assessment and treatment. This multispecialty
con... |
Is there a genome-wide technique for the detection of R-loop formation? | Genome-wide analysis of fragile sites by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and microarray (ChIP-chip) of phosphorylated H2A in these mutants supported a transcription-dependent mechanism of DNA damage characteristic of R loops. Here we show that recombination factors are required for the survival of yeast FACT mutan... | Two pathways of transcription termination, factor-independent and -dependent,
exist in bacteria. The latter pathway operates on nascent transcripts that are
not simultaneously translated and requires factors Rho, NusG, and NusA, each of
which is essential for viability of WT Escherichia coli. NusG and NusA are also ... |
How is CBX1/M31 related to position-effect variegation? | M31 is a heterochromatin component, that is concentrated in the XY body during spermatogenesis. M31 overexpression has two contrasting effects which are dependent on chromosomal context: (i) it enhanced PEV in those lines with centromeric or pericentromeric transgene locations; and (ii) it suppressed PEV when the trans... | The formation of the sex vesicle, or XY body, during male meiosis and pairing of
the sex chromosomes are thought to be essential for successful spermatogenesis.
Despite its cytological discovery a century ago, the mechanism of XY body
formation, particularly heterochromatinization of the sex chromosomes, has
remain... |
Can bioprinting use human cells? | Yes, human cells can be used for bioprinting | Advanced solid freeform fabrication (SFF) techniques have been an interest for
constructing tissue engineered polymeric scaffolds because of its repeatability
and capability of high accuracy in fabrication resolution at the scaffold macro-
and microscales. Among many important scaffold applications, hydrogel scaffol... |
Is transcription-associated mutagenesis (TAM) related to gene expression levels? | Spontaneous point mutation rate in a gene increases with its transcription level, suggesting that movement of RNA polymerase through the target initiates a mutagenic process(es). This phenomenon is termed transcription-associated mutation (TAM). Transcription-associated mutagenesis is directly proportional to the level... | High levels of transcription are associated with elevated mutation rates in
yeast, a phenomenon referred to as transcription-associated mutation (TAM). The
transcription-associated increase in mutation rates was previously shown to be
partially dependent on the Rev3p translesion bypass pathway, thus implicating
DNA... |
Is there a pharmacogenetic test for trastuzumab? | Yes. HER2 testing is performed in breast cancer patients to determine suitability for trastuzumab (Herceptin therapy). | Pharmacogenomic analysis aspires to identify individuals with specific genetic
characteristics in order to predict a positive response or reduce a negative
response to a therapeutic modality. While the search continues for the many
single nucleotide polymorphisms which will be used in such genetic analyses,
other g... |
Which calcium channels does ethosuximide target? | Ethosuximide blocks the T-type calcium channels. | Briefly after withdrawal of the (T-type) calcium channel blocker mibefradil from
the market, four cases of life-threatening interaction of mibefradil with
dihydropyridines were reported. We investigated in vitro whether mibefradil
interacts with a dihydropyridine, as described for other non-dihydropyridine
compound... |
What is the sedimentation coefficient of the mammalian mitoribosome? | The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. | Mitochondrial ribosomes comprise the most diverse group of ribosomes known. The
mammalian mitochondrial ribosomes (55S) differ unexpectedly from bacterial (70S)
and cytoplasmic ribosomes (80S), as well as other kinds of mitochondrial
ribosomes. The bovine mitochondrial ribosome has been developed as a model
system ... |
Describe the mechanism of action of aliskiren. | Aliskiren is a low-molecular-weight, orally active, hydrophilic non-peptide molecule that blocks renin and consequential angiotensin I generation. Renin inhibition interrupts the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). | The first oral direct renin inhibitor, aliskiren, recently received approval for
the treatment of hypertension. This article addresses the premise, promise, and
potential limitations of this new class of renin-angiotensin system inhibitor.
Although aliskiren adds to a list of more than 100 drugs approved for the
tr... |
Which proteins act as histone-like molecules in prokaryotes? | Prokaryotic histone-like proteins (Hlps) or nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) are abundant proteins found in bacterial and plastid nucleoids. HU protein is a small, basic, heat-stable DNA-binding protein that is well-conserved in prokaryotes and is associated with the bacterial nucleoid. HU is well conserved in all p... | Thermoplasma acidophilum, a thermophilic mycoplasma, has several unusual
features suggesting a possible relationship to eukaryotic cells. One feature is
a histone-like protein that is associated with the DNA, condensing it into
subunits similar to those in eukaryotic chromatin. A second feature is an
association of... |
Which receptor is targeted by telcagepant? | Telcagepant (MK-0974) is a novel calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist currently undergoing clinical trials for migraine. | OBJECTIVE: To determine an effective and tolerable dose of a novel oral
calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist, MK-0974, for the
acute treatment of migraine.
METHODS: Randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, clinical trial with a
two-stage, adaptive, dose-ranging design. Patients were allocated ... |
What is the role of photodynamic therapy for meningioma treatment? | Photodynamic therapy was shown to have activity againt meningioma treatment. Gefitinib and ciprofloxacin enhance efficacy of photodynamic therapy. | Despite being benign CNS tumours, meningiomas are not always curable and the
likelihood of recurrence depends upon the completeness of initial removal.
Adjuvant therapy for incompletely resected meningiomas is generally
unsatisfactory and such lesions continue to pose difficult management problems.
Photodynamic the... |
Do carmustine wafers improve survival of glioblastoma patients? | Yes, it has been documented that implantation of carmustine wafers improves survival of newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma patients. | OBJECTIVE: To determine the risks and survival benefit associated with
implantation of an absorbable, 1,3-bis(2chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea-impregnated
polymer wafer, we prospectively studied patients with recurrent glioblastoma
multiforme and compared them with a demographically matched cohort group.
METHODS: Over a ... |
Is Dicer part of the RISC loading complex? | Yes, Dicer is part of the RISC loading complex. | RNA interference (RNAi)-based sequence-specific gene silencing is applied to
identify gene function and also possesses great potential for inhibiting virus
replication both in animals and plants. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules
are the inducers of gene silencing in the RNAi pathway but may also display
immu... |
What is the Arnold-Chiari syndrome? | Arnold Chiari syndrome is a condition characterized by herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum, manifesting usually with downbeat nystagmus, palsy of the caudal cerebral nerves, headache, and vertigo. | BACKGROUND: Arnold-Chiari Syndrome I is a malformation of the cervicomedullary
junction, manifesting usually with downbeat nystagmus, palsy of the caudal
cerebral nerves, headache, and vertigo.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: We present three patients with unusual symptomatology.
RESULTS: A two-year-old child with isolated non... |
What is the biological role of SERCA2 SUMOylation in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology, such as in heart failure? | Recently, the impact of small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 (SUMO-1) on the regulation and preservation of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium adenosine triphosphatase (SERCA2a) function was discovered. The small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) can be conjugated to lysine residues of target proteins, and is involved in man... | The calcium-transporting ATPase ATP2A2, also known as SERCA2a, is a critical
ATPase responsible for Ca(2+) re-uptake during excitation-contraction coupling.
Impaired Ca(2+) uptake resulting from decreased expression and reduced activity
of SERCA2a is a hallmark of heart failure. Accordingly, restoration of SERCA2a
... |
Which trinucleotide repeat disorders are affecting the nervous system? | At least six neudegenerative disorders result from trinucleotide repeat expansion: X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), two fragile X syndromes of mental retardation (FRAXA and FRAXE), Huntington's disease (HD), spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), and dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA). | Expansion of trinucleotide repeats is now recognized as a major cause of
neurological disease. At least seven disorders result from trinucleotide repeat
expansion: X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), two fragile X
syndromes of mental retardation (FRAXA and FRAXE), myotonic dystrophy,
Huntington's di... |
Is hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents a hallmark of Fanconi anemia? | Yes, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents is one of the hallmarks of Fanconi anemia, the others being defective FANCD2 monoubiquitination, and genomic instability. | Features of chromosomal aberrations, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking
agents, and predisposition to maligcy have suggested a fundamental anomaly of
DNA repair in Fanconi anemia. The function of the recently isolated FACC
(Fanconi anemia group C complementing) gene for a subset of this disorder is not
yet known.... |
Which are the cellular targets of imatinib mesylate? | The cellular targets of imatinib mesylate are BCR-ABL, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and c-kit kinases. | Imatinib mesylate is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the ABL, platelet-derived
growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and c-kit kinases. Inhibition of BCR-ABL and
c-kit accounts for its clinical activity in leukemia and sarcoma, respectively.
In this report, we describe other cellular targets for imatinib. Treatment of
hea... |
Which are the clinical characteristics of Tuberous Sclerosis? | The clinical characteristics of Tuberous Sclerosis include epilepsy, subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, rhabdomyoma, renal angiomyolipomas, cortical tubers, neurofibromas, angiofibromas, mental retardation, and behavioral disorders. | Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is a genetic disorder affecting multiple body systems,
and resulting from alterations in cell differentiation and proliferation. The
disease is characterized by the development of benign hamartomatous tumors:
neurofibromas and angiofibromas, located in the skin, central nervous system,
mucos... |
What is known about MER41 repeat sequences? | We report eleven new families of MEdium Reiteration frequency (MER) interspersed repeats in the genomes of Primates, Rodentia, and Lagomorpha. Two families of the human repeats, MER 46 and MER 47, represent non-autonomous DNA transposons. These sequences are flanked by TA target site duplications and have terminal inve... | We report eleven new families of MEdium Reiteration frequency (MER) interspersed
repeats in the genomes of Primates, Rodentia, and Lagomorpha. Two families of
the human repeats, MER 46 and MER 47, represent non-autonomous DNA transposons.
These sequences are flanked by TA target site duplications and have terminal
... |
How functional connectivity of the default mode network changes in patients with disorders of consciousness? | Functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) is reduced in patients with different disorders of consciousness, and correlates with the level of consciousness.
Specifically, functional connectivity in the default mode network was shown to be absent in brain death patients, extremely low in vegetative state... | It is debatable as to whether the spontaneous blood-oxygen-level dependent
fluctuations that are observed in the resting brain in turn reflect consciously
directed mental activity or, alternatively, constitute an intrinsic property of
functional brain organisation persisting in the absence of consciousness. This
re... |
Have C12orf65 mutations been associated with axonal neuropathy and optic atrophy? | Novel C12orf65 mutations in patients with axonal neuropathy and optic atrophy | OBJECTIVE: Charcot-Marie Tooth disease (CMT) forms a clinically and genetically
heterogeneous group of disorders. Although a number of disease genes have been
identified for CMT, the gene discovery for some complex form of CMT has lagged
behind. The association of neuropathy and optic atrophy (also known as CMT type... |
List drugs included in the DHAP-R chemotherapy regiment. | Dexamethasone (a steroid hormone), cytarabine (ara-C), cisplatin (platinum agent) and rituximab are included in the DHAP-R chemotherapy protocol. | BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The treatment of the patients with relapsed and
refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL) remains difficult. It was reported that
DHAP regimen(cisplatin + Ara-C + dexamthsone) was an effective salvage therapy,
but there was no report about it in China. The current study was designed to
observ... |
Are psammoma bodies characteristic to meningiomas? | Yes, psammoma bodies are commonly seen and are characteristic to meningiomas. However, they can be also present in other types of tumors or non-neoplastic tissues. | In this study we analyzed the morphologic and ultrastructural characteristics of
the psammoma bodies in ten meningiomas of different histologic subtypes,
characterizing the components of the psammoma body and the elements of the
tumor, such as the capillaries and degenerative cells that have been classically
consid... |
Which are the most common symptoms in Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome? | Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome is a neuromuscular junction disorder characterized by proximal limb muscle weakness, fatigability, decreased deep-tendon reflexes, and autonomic symptoms. There are 2 forms of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: one most frequently associated with small-cell lung cancer (P-Lambert-Eaton... | INTRODUCTION: Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes are rare non-metastatic
complications of cancer that have an immune-mediated etiology. The Lambert-Eaton
myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is a neuromuscular disorder, often associated with
small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), which is characterized by reduced quantal
relea... |
What is the pyroptotic pathway? | Pyroptosis is an inflammasome-mediated programmed cell death pathway. | Macrophages mediate crucial innate immune responses via caspase-1-dependent
processing and secretion of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. Although infection
with wild-type Salmonella typhimurium is lethal to mice, we show here that a
strain that persistently expresses flagellin was cleared by the cytosolic
flagelli... |
Which types of bacterial microflora are associated with the progression of peri-implantitis? | Bacteria such as A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, T. denticola, P. intermedia and F. nucleatum are associated with the progression of peri-implantitis. | This study examines the microbiota associated with the progression of
experimental peri-implantitis and periodontitis induced concurrently in
partially edentulous adult monkeys. Root-form and plate-form implants with fixed
prosthesis in place for at least 12 months and their corresponding opposite
molar teeth were ... |
What are the known families of deadenylases? | All known deadenylases belong to either the DEDD or the exonuclease–endonuclease–phosphatase (EEP) superfamily. Members of DEDD include the POP2, CAF1Z, PARN and PAN2 families. Members of EEP include the CCR4, Nocturnin, ANGEL and 2'-PDE families. | BACKGROUND: The yeast yCCR4 factor belongs to the CCR4-NOT transcriptional
regulatory complex, in which it interacts, through its leucine-rich repeat (LRR)
motif with yPOP2. Recently, yCCR4 was shown to be a component of the major
cytoplasmic mRNA deadenylase complex, and to contain a fold related to the
Mg2+-depen... |
Which translocation is harbored in the Askin tumor cells? | The Askin tumor is a primitive malignant small-cell tumor of the chest wall mostly seen among children and adolescents. It is closely related to Ewing's sarcoma of the same location, with both tumors harboring reciprocal translocation t(11;22) (q24;q12). | The Askin tumor, a primitive maligt small-cell tumor of the chest wall, is
mostly seen among children and adolescents. It is closely related to Ewing's
sarcoma of the same location, both tumors showing a chromosomal translocation
t(11;22). Its origin from neuroectodermal cells is deducted from several
ultrastructur... |
What is the function of the AtxA pleiotropic regulator? | AtxA is the gene encoding the trans-activator of anthrax toxin synthesis and is essential for virulence of B. anthracis. It is located on the resident 185-kb plasmid pXO1 and its activation is stimulated by bicarbonate. AtxA controls the expression of more than a hundred genes belonging to all genetic elements, the chr... | Bacillus anthracis plasmid pXO1 carries the structural genes for the three
anthrax toxin proteins, cya (edema factor), lef (lethal factor), and pag
(protective antigen). Expression of the toxin genes by B. anthracis is enhanced
during growth under elevated levels of CO2. This CO2 effect is observed only in
the pres... |
Is cystatin C or cystatin 3 used as a biomarker of kidney function? | Yes, cystatin C (CysC) is a novel biomarker of renal function. | BACKGROUND: Cystatin C could improve chronic kidney disease (CKD) classification
in HIV-infected women relative to serum creatinine.
DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis.
METHODS: Cystatin C and creatinine were measured from specimens taken and stored
during the 1999-2000 examination among 908 HIV-infected participa... |
Which R/bioconductor package utilizes the Hilbert curve in order to visualize genomic data? | The so-called Hilbert curve visualization can complement genome browsers and help to get further insights into the structure of one's data. An open-source application, called HilbertVis, has been developed for R/bioconductor that allows the user to produce and interactively explore such plots. | In many genomic studies, one works with genome-position-dependent data, e.g.
ChIP-chip or ChIP-Seq scores. Using conventional tools, it can be difficult to
get a good feel for the data, especially the distribution of features. This
article argues that the so-called Hilbert curve visualization can complement
genome ... |
Can fetal aneuploidy be detected with non-invasive prenatal testing? | Yes, the non-invasive preanatal test of cell-free fetal DNA is being used for fetal aneuploidy screening. | A pregt woman who was a carrier for a balanced chromosome translocation
[46,XX, t(1;6) (p31;q14)] and who had had six miscarriages, declined invasive
testing but agreed to non-invasive prenatal diagnosis by analysis of fetal cells
in maternal blood. Monoclonal antibody (Mab) against the zeta (z) and gamma
(gamma) c... |
Which packages are used for performing overlap analysis of genomic regions in R/bioconductor? | IRanges, GenomicRanges, and GenomicFeatures provide scalable data structures for representing annotated ranges on the genome, with special support for transcript structures, read alignments and coverage vectors. Computational facilities include efficient algorithms for overlap and nearest neighbor detection, coverage c... | |
Is dichlorphenamide effective for periodic paralysis? | Yes, dichlorphenamide is effective for periodic paralysis. Dichlorphenamide--a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor--has been shown in a controlled trial to prevent attacks for many patients with both hypokalemic and hypokalemic periodic paralysis. | Three patients with Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis (HOPP)-associated progressive
interattack muscle weakness, who became unresponsive or worsened by
acetazolamide, responded favorably to dichlorophenamide, a more potent carbonic
anhydrase inhibitor. Dichlorophenamide in single-blind placebo-controlled
trials, consi... |
What is evaluated with the Hydrocephalus Outcome Questionnaire? | The Hydrocephalus Outcome Questionnaire (HOQ) is a simple, reliable, and valid measure of health status in children with hydrocephalus. | OBJECTIVE: To compare three separate methods for establishing interpretability
for a health status measure, the Hydrocephalus Outcome Questionnaire (HOQ).
STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: The mothers of children with hydrocephalus attending
the outpatient clinics at a pediatric hospital completed the HOQ (for which
scores ... |
What is known about maternal smoking and brain tumor risk? | Findings regarding association of maternal smoking and brain tumor risk are mixed. It was shown that children of women who smoked during pregnancy had an increased incidence of brain tumors (hazard ratio = 1.24; 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.53). The increase in risk was similar for benign and malignant tumors, and w... | We questioned mothers of 209 young brain tumor patients and mothers of 209
controls about experiences of possible etiological relevance which they had
during pregcy or which their children had while growing up. Long-suspected
brain tumor risk factors such as head trauma and X-rays appeared to be factors
for relativ... |
Which pathway is activated by ficolin-3? | Ficolin-3 activates lectin complement pathway. | The ficolins and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) are collagen-like defence proteins
that serve as recognition molecules in lectin complement pathway. Differential
features that may indicate diverse functions of these proteins are poorly
understood. In this study we compared important biological features of the
ficolin... |
Is nivolumab used for treatment of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer? | Yes, nivolumab used for treatment of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer. | Two PD-1 inhibitors, Bristol-Myers Squibb's nivolumab and Merck's MK-3475, both
demonstrated positive results in phase I trials of previously treated patients
with non-small cell lung cancer, reported at the World Conference on Lung Cancer
in Sydney, Australia. Immune checkpoint inhibition as a new treatment approac... |
Global quantitative phosphoproteomic analyses are emerging. List the preferred technologies for the enrichment for phosphorylated peptides? | There are many different approaches to enrich for phosphorylated peptides: titanium dioxide, IMAC, simple derivatization through phosphoramidate chemistry and antibodies. | Current methods for phosphoproteome analysis have several limitations. First,
most methods for phosphopeptide enrichment lack the specificity to truly purify
phosphopeptides. Second, fragmentation spectra of phosphopeptides, in particular
those of phosphoserine and phosphothreonine containing peptides, are often
do... |
Which histone modifications are correlated with transcription elongation? | This is accompanied by reductions in the level of H3K36 trimethylation, a posttranslational histone modification associated with efficient transcriptional elongation, and the number of full-length transcripts from these genes. The 3' ZNF exons contain H3K36me3, a mark of transcriptional elongation. | Set2-mediated H3 Lys(36) methylation is a histone modification that has been
demonstrated to function in transcriptional elongation by recruiting the Rpd3S
histone deacetylase complex to repress intragenic cryptic transcription.
Recently, we identified a trans-histone pathway in which the interaction between
the N ... |
Does thyroid hormone receptor beta1 affect insulin secretion? | No | |
List disorders that have been associated to the polymorphism rs2535629. | schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. | Prior genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of major depressive disorder (MDD)
have met with limited success. We sought to increase statistical power to detect
disease loci by conducting a GWAS mega-analysis for MDD. In the MDD discovery
phase, we analyzed more than 1.2 million autosomal and X chromosome
single-nu... |
What is targeted by monoclonal antibody Pembrolizumab? | Pembrolizumab inhibits the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint and has antitumor activity in patients with advanced melanoma. Pembrolizumab is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of advanced melanoma, and additional regulatory approvals are expected across the oncologic spectr... | Immune checkpoint inhibition as a new treatment approach is undergoing extensive
investigation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other maligcies.
Unlike standard chemotherapy or targeted agents, which act directly on the tumor
cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors work by restoring the immune system's
capacit... |
Does replication timing affect the rate of somatic mutations? | Mutation rate, as reflected in recent evolutionary divergence and human nucleotide diversity, is markedly increased in later-replicating regions of the human genome. All classes of substitutions are affected, suggesting a generalized mechanism involving replication time-dependent DNA damage. DNA repair systems, in gene... | Eukaryotic DNA replication is highly stratified, with different genomic regions
shown to replicate at characteristic times during S phase. Here we observe that
mutation rate, as reflected in recent evolutionary divergence and human
nucleotide diversity, is markedly increased in later-replicating regions of the
huma... |
Which metazaon species or taxa are known to lack selenoproteins | Some insect genomes have lost the capacity of synthesizing selenoproteins. Several insect species without selenoproteins have been identified. | While the genome sequence and gene content are available for an increasing
number of organisms, eukaryotic selenoproteins remain poorly characterized. The
dual role of the UGA codon confounds the identification of novel selenoprotein
genes. Here, we describe a comparative genomics approach that relies on the
genome... |
What is the mode of inheritance of Facioscapulohumeral muscular
dystrophy (FSHD)? | The mode of inheritance of Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy is autosomal dominant. | Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a neuromuscular disease,
characterized by an autosomal domit mode of inheritance, facial involvement,
and selectivity and asymmetry of muscle involvement. In general, FSHD typically
presents before age 20 years. Usually, FSHD muscle involvement starts in the
face and... |
Is NOD1 activated in inflammation? | Nod proteins fight off bacterial infections by stimulating proinflammatory signaling and cytokine networks and by inducing antimicrobial effectors, such as nitric oxide and antimicrobial peptides. NOD1 engagement generates an inflammatory response via activation of NFκB and MAPK pathways and several inflammatory disord... | PURPOSE: NOD1 plays an important role in host defense and recognizes the minimal
component of bacterial cell walls, meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP).
Polymorphisms in NOD1 are associated with autoinflammatory diseases
characterized by uveitis such as Crohn's disease and sarcoidosis. NOD1 is
homologous to NOD2, whi... |
List diseases where protein citrullination plays an important role. | Rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, prion diseases, cancer and Alzheimer's disease are examples of diseases where protein citrullination involvement has been demonstrated. | Posttranslational modifications are chemical changes to proteins that take place
after synthesis. One such modification, peptidylarginine to peptidylcitrulline
conversion, catalysed by peptidylarginine deiminases, has recently received
significant interest in biomedicine. Introduction of citrulline dramatically
cha... |
What is commotio cordis? | Commotio cordis is a term used to describe cases of blunt thoracic impact causing sudden death without structural damage of the heart | Nonpenetrating cardiac injuries due to direct precordial blunt impacts are a
commonly encountered phenomenon in medicolegal offices. These injuries vary from
contusions to valvular lacerations, or papillary muscle rupture to coronary
arterial injury with resulting infarction. A less commonly occurring
manifestation... |
What is the cause of Phthiriasis Palpebrarum? | Phthiriasis palpebrarum is a rare eyelid infestation caused by phthirus pubis. | Phthiriasis palpebrarum is an unusual cause of blepharoconjunctivitis and may
easily be overlooked because of the failure of physicians to recognize Phthirus
pubis. We report a case of a 30-year-old woman with persistent itching in the
left eyelid which was unsuccessfully treated under the diagnosis of allergic
ble... |
Does the histidine-rich Ca-binding protein (HRC) interact with triadin? | Yes. HRC may play a key role in the regulation of SR Ca cycling through its direct interactions with SERCA2 and triadin, mediating a fine cross talk between SR Ca uptake and release in the heart. A direct binding of HRC (histidine-rich Ca(2+)-binding protein) to triadin, the main transmembrane protein of the junctional... | The present study documents the binding interaction of skeletal muscle
sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) transmembrane protein triadin with peripheral
histidine-rich, Ca(2+)-binding protein (HCP). In addition to providing further
evidence that HCP coenriches with RyR1, FKBP-12, triadin and calsequestrin (CS)
in sucrose-d... |
How are CpG island shores defined? | CpG island "shores" are defined as genomic regions up to 2kb distant to known CpG islands. Differential DNA methylation correlates with gene expression more strongly at CpG island shores than CpG islands. | For the past 25 years, it has been known that alterations in DNA methylation
(DNAm) occur in cancer, including hypomethylation of oncogenes and
hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes. However, most studies of cancer
methylation have assumed that functionally important DNAm will occur in
promoters, and that most... |
Does magnesium sulfate improve outcomes of subarachnoid hemorrhage patients? | No. Although initial studies have provided with encouraging findings regarding administration of magnesium sulphate in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage patients, but subsequent larger studies have reported that intravenous magnesium sulphate does not improve clinical outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage... | Magnesium sulfate therapy, standard in preventing seizures in preeclampsia, is
under active investigation as a neuroprotective agent. The authors studied the
effect of magnesium as a cerebral vasodilator by measuring the cerebral blood
flow velocity (CBFV) response to a 5g intravenous bolus of MgSO4 compared with a ... |
Which gene is mutated in a subtype of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy known as Naxos disease? | Identification of a deletion in plakoglobin in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy with palmoplantar keratoderma and woolly hair (Naxos disease).Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited disorder associated with arrhythmias and sudden death. A recessive mutation in the gene enco... | BACKGROUND: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an
autosomal domit heart muscle disorder that causes arrhythmia, heart failure,
and sudden death. Previously we mapped the genetic locus for the triad of
autosomal recessive ARVC, palmoplantar keratoderma, and woolly hair (Naxos
disease) to chrom... |
What is the role of edaravone in traumatic brain injury? | Edaravone, a free radical scavenger, has been shown to have neuroprotective effects after traumatic brain injury. In animal models, edaravone has been shown to reduce neuronal damage by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), maintain intact the autoregulation of the cerebral vasculature, decrease neuronal loss, redu... | Lipid peroxidation is caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is involved in
traumatic brain injury (TBI). Consequently, a therapeutic strategy for TBI may
be to control lipid peroxidation. The only drug approved to date for blocking
lipid peroxidation is edaravone (MCI-186), a novel free-radical scavenger shown... |
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