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Neuroblastoma often begins in the nerve tissue of the adrenal glands. There are two adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney in the back of the upper abdomen. The adrenal glands make important hormones that help control heart rate, blood pressure, blood sugar, and the way the body reacts to stress. Neuroblastoma may ... | what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Neuroblastoma ? | New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.
This summary section describes treatments that are being studied in clinical trials. It may not mention every new treatment being studied. Information about clinical trials is available from the NCI website. Immunotherapy Immunother... |
What is (are) Nasopharyngeal Cancer ? | Key Points
- Nasopharyngeal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the nasopharynx. - Ethnic background and being exposed to the Epstein-Barr virus can affect the risk of nasopharyngeal cancer. - Signs of nasopharyngeal cancer include trouble breathing, s... | |
Who is at risk for Nasopharyngeal Cancer? ? | Ethnic background and being exposed to the Epstein-Barr virus can affect the risk of nasopharyngeal cancer. Anything that increases your risk of getting a disease is called a risk factor. Having a risk factor does not mean that you will get cancer; not having risk factors doesn't mean that you will not get cancer.... | |
What are the symptoms of Nasopharyngeal Cancer ? | Signs of nasopharyngeal cancer include trouble breathing, speaking, or hearing. These and other signs and symptoms may be caused by nasopharyngeal cancer or by other conditions. Check with your doctor if you have any of the following: - A lump in the nose or neck. - A sore throat. - Trouble breathing or s... | |
How to diagnose Nasopharyngeal Cancer ? | Tests that examine the nose and throat are used to detect (find) and diagnose nasopharyngeal cancer. The following tests and procedures may be used: - Physical exam and history : An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such as swollen lymph nodes in the n... | |
What is the outlook for Nasopharyngeal Cancer ? | Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options. The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on the following: - The stage of the cancer (whether it affects part of the nasopharynx, involves the whole nasopharynx, or has spread to other places in the body). - ... | |
What are the stages of Nasopharyngeal Cancer ? | Key Points
- After nasopharyngeal cancer has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if cancer cells have spread within the nasopharynx or to other parts of the body. - There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body. - Cancer may spread from where it began to other parts of the body.... | |
What are the treatments for Nasopharyngeal Cancer ? | Key Points
- There are different types of treatment for patients with nasopharyngeal cancer. - Three types of standard treatment are used: - Radiation therapy - Chemotherapy - Surgery - New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials. - Patients may want ... | |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Nasopharyngeal Cancer ? | New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.
Information about clinical trials is available from the NCI website.
Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.
For some patients, taking part ... | |
An astrocyte is a type of glial cell. Glial cells hold nerve cells in place, bring food and oxygen to them, and help protect them from disease, such as infection. Gliomas are tumors that form from glial cells. An astrocytoma is a type of glioma. Astrocytoma is the most common type of glioma diagnosed in children. It ... | What is (are) Childhood Astrocytomas ? | Key Points
- Childhood astrocytoma is a disease in which benign (noncancer) or malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the brain. - Astrocytomas may be benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancer). - The central nervous system controls many important body functions. - The cause of mos... |
An astrocyte is a type of glial cell. Glial cells hold nerve cells in place, bring food and oxygen to them, and help protect them from disease, such as infection. Gliomas are tumors that form from glial cells. An astrocytoma is a type of glioma. Astrocytoma is the most common type of glioma diagnosed in children. It ... | What causes Childhood Astrocytomas ? | The cause of most childhood brain tumors is not known. |
An astrocyte is a type of glial cell. Glial cells hold nerve cells in place, bring food and oxygen to them, and help protect them from disease, such as infection. Gliomas are tumors that form from glial cells. An astrocytoma is a type of glioma. Astrocytoma is the most common type of glioma diagnosed in children. It ... | Who is at risk for Childhood Astrocytomas? ? | Anything that increases your risk of getting a disease is called a risk factor. Having a risk factor does not mean that you will get cancer; not having risk factors doesnt mean that you will not get cancer. Talk with your child's doctor if you think your child may be at risk. Possible risk factors for astrocytoma ... |
An astrocyte is a type of glial cell. Glial cells hold nerve cells in place, bring food and oxygen to them, and help protect them from disease, such as infection. Gliomas are tumors that form from glial cells. An astrocytoma is a type of glioma. Astrocytoma is the most common type of glioma diagnosed in children. It ... | What are the symptoms of Childhood Astrocytomas ? | The signs and symptoms of astrocytomas are not the same in every child. Signs and symptoms depend on the following: - Where the tumor forms in the brain or spinal cord. - The size of the tumor. - How fast the tumor grows. - The child's age and development. Some tumors do not cause signs or... |
An astrocyte is a type of glial cell. Glial cells hold nerve cells in place, bring food and oxygen to them, and help protect them from disease, such as infection. Gliomas are tumors that form from glial cells. An astrocytoma is a type of glioma. Astrocytoma is the most common type of glioma diagnosed in children. It ... | How to diagnose Childhood Astrocytomas ? | Tests that examine the brain and spinal cord are used to detect (find) childhood astrocytomas. The following tests and procedures may be used: - Physical exam and history : An exam of the body to check general signs of health. This includes checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else that se... |
An astrocyte is a type of glial cell. Glial cells hold nerve cells in place, bring food and oxygen to them, and help protect them from disease, such as infection. Gliomas are tumors that form from glial cells. An astrocytoma is a type of glioma. Astrocytoma is the most common type of glioma diagnosed in children. It ... | What is the outlook for Childhood Astrocytomas ? | Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options. The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on the following: - Whether the tumor is a low-grade or high-grade astrocytoma. - Where the tumor has formed in the CNS and if it has spread to nearby tissue or to othe... |
An astrocyte is a type of glial cell. Glial cells hold nerve cells in place, bring food and oxygen to them, and help protect them from disease, such as infection. Gliomas are tumors that form from glial cells. An astrocytoma is a type of glioma. Astrocytoma is the most common type of glioma diagnosed in children. It ... | What are the stages of Childhood Astrocytomas ? | Key Points
- The grade of the tumor is used to plan cancer treatment. - Low-grade astrocytomas - High-grade astrocytomas - An MRI is done after surgery.
The grade of the tumor is used to plan cancer treatment.
... |
An astrocyte is a type of glial cell. Glial cells hold nerve cells in place, bring food and oxygen to them, and help protect them from disease, such as infection. Gliomas are tumors that form from glial cells. An astrocytoma is a type of glioma. Astrocytoma is the most common type of glioma diagnosed in children. It ... | what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Childhood Astrocytomas ? | New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.
This summary section describes treatments that are being studied in clinical trials. It may not mention every new treatment being studied. Information about clinical trials is available from the NCI website. Other drug therapy Lenal... |
An astrocyte is a type of glial cell. Glial cells hold nerve cells in place, bring food and oxygen to them, and help protect them from disease, such as infection. Gliomas are tumors that form from glial cells. An astrocytoma is a type of glioma. Astrocytoma is the most common type of glioma diagnosed in children. It ... | What are the treatments for Childhood Astrocytomas ? | Key Points
- There are different types of treatment for patients with childhood astrocytoma. - Children with astrocytomas should have their treatment planned by a team of health care providers who are experts in treating childhood brain tumors. - Childhood brain tumors may cause signs or symp... |
Normally, the bone marrow makes blood stem cells (immature cells) that become mature blood cells over time. A blood stem cell may become a myeloid stem cell or a lymphoid stem cell. A lymphoid stem cell becomes a white blood cell. A myeloid stem cell becomes one of three types of mature blood cells: In myeloprolifera... | What is (are) Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia ? | Key Points
- Chronic eosinophilic leukemia is a disease in which too many white blood cells (eosinophils) are made in the bone marrow. - Signs and symptoms of chronic eosinophilic leukemia include fever and feeling very tired.
Chronic eosinoph... |
Normally, the bone marrow makes blood stem cells (immature cells) that become mature blood cells over time. A blood stem cell may become a myeloid stem cell or a lymphoid stem cell. A lymphoid stem cell becomes a white blood cell. A myeloid stem cell becomes one of three types of mature blood cells: In myeloprolifera... | What are the symptoms of Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia ? | Signs and symptoms of chronic eosinophilic leukemia include fever and feeling very tired. Chronic eosinophilic leukemia may not cause early signs or symptoms. It may be found during a routine blood test. Signs and symptoms may be caused by chronic eosinophilic leukemia or by other conditions. Check with your doctor if ... |
Normally, the bone marrow makes blood stem cells (immature cells) that become mature blood cells over time. A blood stem cell may become a myeloid stem cell or a lymphoid stem cell. A lymphoid stem cell becomes a white blood cell. A myeloid stem cell becomes one of three types of mature blood cells: In myeloprolifera... | What are the treatments for Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia ? | Treatment of chronic eosinophilic leukemia may include the following: - Bone marrow transplant. - Biologic therapy using interferon alfa. - A clinical trial of a new treatment. Check the list of NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are now accepting patients with chronic eosinophili... |
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of
cancer that forms in the lymph system. The lymph system is part of the immune system. It helps protect the body from infection and disease. The lymph system is made up of the following: Lymph tissue is also found in other parts of the body such as the lining of the digestive tract... | What is (are) Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma ? | Key Points
- Adult non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the lymph system. - The major types of lymphoma are Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. - Non-Hodgkin lymphoma can be indolent or aggressive. - Age, gender, and a weakened immune system can... |
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of
cancer that forms in the lymph system. The lymph system is part of the immune system. It helps protect the body from infection and disease. The lymph system is made up of the following: Lymph tissue is also found in other parts of the body such as the lining of the digestive tract... | what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma ? | New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.
This summary section describes treatments that are being studied in clinical trials. It may not mention every new treatment being studied. Information about clinical trials is available from the NCI website. Vaccine therapy Vacc... |
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of
cancer that forms in the lymph system. The lymph system is part of the immune system. It helps protect the body from infection and disease. The lymph system is made up of the following: Lymph tissue is also found in other parts of the body such as the lining of the digestive tract... | Who is at risk for Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma? ? | Age, gender, and a weakened immune system can affect the risk of adult non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Anything that increases your risk of getting a disease is called a risk factor. Having a risk factor does not mean that you will get cancer; not having risk factors doesnt mean that you will not get cancer. Talk with your docto... |
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of
cancer that forms in the lymph system. The lymph system is part of the immune system. It helps protect the body from infection and disease. The lymph system is made up of the following: Lymph tissue is also found in other parts of the body such as the lining of the digestive tract... | What are the symptoms of Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma ? | Signs and symptoms of adult non-Hodgkin lymphoma include swelling in the lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and fatigue. These signs and symptoms may be caused by adult non-Hodgkin lymphoma or by other conditions. Check with your doctor if you have any of the following: - Swelling in the lymph nodes... |
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of
cancer that forms in the lymph system. The lymph system is part of the immune system. It helps protect the body from infection and disease. The lymph system is made up of the following: Lymph tissue is also found in other parts of the body such as the lining of the digestive tract... | How to diagnose Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma ? | Tests that examine the body and lymph system are used to help detect (find) and diagnose adult non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The following tests and procedures may be used: - Physical exam and history : An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or any... |
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of
cancer that forms in the lymph system. The lymph system is part of the immune system. It helps protect the body from infection and disease. The lymph system is made up of the following: Lymph tissue is also found in other parts of the body such as the lining of the digestive tract... | What is the outlook for Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma ? | Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options. The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on the following: - The stage of the cancer. - The type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. - The amount of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the blood. - Whether there are ce... |
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of
cancer that forms in the lymph system. The lymph system is part of the immune system. It helps protect the body from infection and disease. The lymph system is made up of the following: Lymph tissue is also found in other parts of the body such as the lining of the digestive tract... | What are the stages of Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma ? | Key Points
- After adult non-Hodgkin lymphoma has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if cancer cells have spread within the lymph system or to other parts of the body. - There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body. - Stages of adult non-Hodgkin lymphoma may include E and S. ... |
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of
cancer that forms in the lymph system. The lymph system is part of the immune system. It helps protect the body from infection and disease. The lymph system is made up of the following: Lymph tissue is also found in other parts of the body such as the lining of the digestive tract... | What are the treatments for Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma ? | Key Points
- There are different types of treatment for patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. - Patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma should have their treatment planned by a team of health care providers who are experts in treating lymphomas. - Patients may develop late effects that appear months... |
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| What is (are) Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronicor long lastingdisease in which the body's immune system attacks the normal components, or cells, of the liver and causes inflammation and liver damage. The immune system normally protects people from infection by identifying and destroying bacteria, viruses, and other potentially ... |
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| What is (are) Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | Autoimmune diseases are disorders in which the body's immune system attacks the body's own cells and organs with proteins called autoantibodies; this process is called autoimmunity.
The body's immune system normally makes large numbers of proteins called antibodies to help the body fight... |
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| What causes Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | A combination of autoimmunity, environmental triggers, and a genetic predisposition can lead to autoimmune hepatitis. |
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| What is (are) Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | Autoimmune hepatitis is classified into several types. Type 1 autoimmune hepatitis is the most common form in North America. Type 1 can occur at any age; however, it most often starts in adolescence or young adulthood. About 70 percent of people with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis are female.1
People with... |
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| What are the symptoms of Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | The most common symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis are
- fatigue - joint pain - nausea - loss of appetite - pain or discomfort over the liver - skin rashes - dark yellow urine - light-colored stools - jaundice, or yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes
Symptoms of autoimmun... |
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| How to diagnose Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | A health care provider will make a diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis based on symptoms, a physical exam, blood tests, and a liver biopsy.
A health care provider performs a physical exam and reviews the person's health history, including the use of alcohol and medications that can harm the liver. A... |
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| What are the treatments for Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | Treatment for autoimmune hepatitis includes medication to suppress, or slow down, an overactive immune system. Treatment may also include a liver transplant.
Treatment works best when autoimmune hepatitis is diagnosed early. People with autoimmune hepatitis generally respond to standard treatment and t... |
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| What is (are) Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | People with autoimmune hepatitis and cirrhosis are at risk of developing liver cancer. A health care provider will monitor the person with a regular ultrasound examination of the liver. Ultrasound uses a device, called a transducer, that bounces safe, painless sound waves off organs to create an image of their structur... |
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| What to do for Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing autoimmune hepatitis. |
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| What to do for Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | - Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronicor long lastingdisease in which the body's immune system attacks the liver and causes inflammation and damage. - Autoimmune hepatitis is a serious condition that may worsen over time if not treated. Autoimmune hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. - Autoimmune hepa... |
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| What is (are) Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your mouth healthy ? | The following chart shows the most common mouth problems from diabetes.
Problem What It Is Symptoms Treatment gingivitis - unhealthy or inflamed gums - red, swollen, and bleeding gums - daily bru... |
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| What is (are) Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ? | Benign prostatic hyperplasiaalso called BPHis a condition in men in which the prostate gland is enlarged and not cancerous. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is also called benign prostatic hypertrophy or benign prostatic obstruction.
The prostate goes through two main growth periods as a man ages. The firs... |
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| What is (are) Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ? | The prostate is a walnut-shaped gland that is part of the male reproductive system. The main function of the prostate is to make a fluid that goes into semen. Prostate fluid is essential for a mans fertility. The gland surrounds the urethra at the neck of the bladder. The bladder neck is the area where the urethra join... |
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| What causes Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ? | The cause of benign prostatic hyperplasia is not well understood; however, it occurs mainly in older men. Benign prostatic hyperplasia does not develop in men whose testicles were removed before puberty. For this reason, some researchers believe factors related to aging and the testicles may cause benign prostatic hype... |
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| How many people are affected by Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ? | Benign prostatic hyperplasia is the most common prostate problem for men older than age 50. In 2010, as many as 14 million men in the United States had lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia.1 Although benign prostatic hyperplasia rarely causes symptoms before age 40, the occurrence and... |
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| What are the symptoms of Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ? | Lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia may include
- urinary frequencyurination eight or more times a day - urinary urgencythe inability to delay urination - trouble starting a urine stream - a weak or an interrupted urine stream - dribbling at the end of urination ... |
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| What are the complications of Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ? | The complications of benign prostatic hyperplasia may include
- acute urinary retention - chronic, or long lasting, urinary retention - blood in the urine - urinary tract infections (UTIs) - bladder damage - kidney damage - bladder stones
Most men with benign prostatic hyperplasi... |
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| How to diagnose Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ? | A health care provider diagnoses benign prostatic hyperplasia based on
- a personal and family medical history - a physical exam - medical tests
Personal and Family Medical History
Taking a personal and family medical history is one of the first things a health care ... |
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| What are the treatments for Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ? | Treatment options for benign prostatic hyperplasia may include
- lifestyle changes - medications - minimally invasive procedures - surgery
A health care provider treats benign prostatic hyperplasia based on the severity of symptoms, how much the symptoms affect a mans daily life, an... |
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| What are the treatments for Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ? | The complications of benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment depend on the type of treatment.
Medications
Medications used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia may have side effects that sometimes can be serious. Men who are prescribed medications to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia ... |
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| How to prevent Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ? | Researchers have not found a way to prevent benign prostatic hyperplasia. Men with risk factors for benign prostatic hyperplasia should talk with a health care provider about any lower urinary tract symptoms and the need for regular prostate exams. Men can get early treatment and minimize benign prostatic hyperplasia e... |
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| What to do for Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, a health care provider can give information about how changes in eating, diet, or nutrition could help with treatment. Men should talk with a health care provider or dietitian about wh... |
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| What to do for Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ? | - Benign prostatic hyperplasiaalso called BPHis a condition in men in which the prostate gland is enlarged and not cancerous. - The prostate is a walnut-shaped gland that is part of the male reproductive system. - The cause of benign prostatic hyperplasia is not well understood; however, it occurs mainly in older men... |
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| What is (are) Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your heart and blood vessels healthy ? | Too much glucose in the blood for a long time can cause diabetes problems. This high blood glucose, also called blood sugar, can damage many parts of the body, such as the heart, blood vessels, eyes, and kidneys. Heart and blood vessel disease can lead to heart attacks and strokes, the leading causes of death for peopl... |
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| How to prevent Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your heart and blood vessels healthy ? | You can do a lot to prevent heart disease and stroke.
- Keep your blood glucose under control. You can see if your blood glucose is under control by having an A1C test at least twice a year. The A1C test tells you your average blood glucose for the past 2 to 3 months. The target for most people with di... |
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| What are the symptoms of Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your heart and blood vessels healthy ? | You may have one or more of the following warning signs:
- chest pain or discomfort - pain or discomfort in your arms, back, jaw, or neck - indigestion or stomach pain - shortness of breath - sweating - nausea - light-headedness
Or, you may have no warning signs at all. Warning s... |
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| What causes Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your heart and blood vessels healthy ? | Narrowed blood vessels leave a smaller opening for blood to flow through. Having narrowed blood vessels is like turning on a garden hose and holding your thumb over the opening. The smaller opening makes the water shoot out with more pressure. In the same way, narrowed blood vessels lead to high blood pressure. Other f... |
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| What are the symptoms of Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your heart and blood vessels healthy ? | A stroke happens when part of your brain is not getting enough blood and stops working. Depending on the part of the brain that is damaged, a stroke can cause
- sudden weakness or numbness of your face, arm, or leg on one side of your body - sudden confusion, trouble talking, or trouble understanding ... |
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| How to prevent Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your heart and blood vessels healthy ? | - Don't smoke. - Keep blood glucose and blood pressure under control. - Keep blood fats close to normal. - Be physically active. - Ask your doctor if you should take aspirin every day.
You also may need surgery to treat PAD. |
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| What is (are) Kidney Stones in Children ? | A kidney stone is a solid piece of material that forms in a kidney when substances that are normally found in the urine become highly concentrated. A stone may stay in the kidney or travel down the urinary tract. Kidney stones vary in size. A small stone may pass out of the body causing little or no pain. A larger ston... |
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| What is (are) Kidney Stones in Children ? | The urinary tract is the bodys drainage system for removing wastes and extra water. The urinary tract includes two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra. The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist and located below the ribs, one on each side of the spine, toward the middle of t... |
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| What causes Kidney Stones in Children ? | Kidney stones can form when substances in the urinesuch as calcium, magnesium, oxalate, and phosphorousbecome highly concentrated due to one or more causes:
- Defects in the urinary tract may block the flow of urine and create pools of urine. In stagnant urine, stone-forming substances tend to settle t... |
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| What are the symptoms of Kidney Stones in Children ? | Children with kidney stones may have pain while urinating, see blood in the urine, or feel a sharp pain in the back or lower abdomen. The pain may last for a short or long time. Children may experience nausea and vomiting with the pain. However, children who have small stones that pass easily through the urinary tract ... |
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| What is (are) Kidney Stones in Children ? | Four major types of kidney stones occur in children:
- Calcium stones are the most common type of kidney stone and occur in two major forms: calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. Calcium oxalate stones are more common. Calcium oxalate stone formation has various causes, which may include high calcium ... |
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| How to diagnose Kidney Stones in Children ? | The process of diagnosing any illness begins with consideration of the symptoms. Pain or bloody urine may be the first symptom. Urine, blood, and imaging tests will help determine whether symptoms are caused by a stone. Urine tests can be used to check for infection and for substances that form stones. Blood tests can ... |
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| What are the treatments for Kidney Stones in Children ? | The treatment for a kidney stone usually depends on its size and what it is made of, as well as whether it is causing symptoms of pain or obstructing the urinary tract. Small stones usually pass through the urinary tract without treatment. Still, children will often require pain control and encouragement to drink lots ... |
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| How to prevent Kidney Stones in Children ? | To prevent kidney stones, health care providers and their patients must understand what is causing the stones to form. Especially in children with suspected metabolic abnormalities or with recurrent stones, a 24-hour urine collection is obtained to measure daily urine volume and to determine if any underlying mineral a... |
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| What to do for Kidney Stones in Children ? | Families may benefit from meeting with a dietitian to learn how dietary management can help in preventing stones. Depending on the underlying cause of the stone formation, medications may be necessary to prevent recurrent stones. Dietary changes and medications may be required for a long term or, quite often, for life.... |
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| What to do for Kidney Stones in Children ? | - A kidney stone is a solid piece of material that forms in a kidney when some substances that are normally found in the urine become highly concentrated. - Kidney stones occur in infants, children, and teenagers from all races and ethnicities. - Kidney stones in children are diagnosed using a combination of urine, b... |
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| What are the symptoms of Dermatitis Herpetiformis: Skin Manifestation of Celiac Disease (For Health Care Professionals) ? | Dermatitis herpetiformis is characterized by small, clustered papules and vesicles that erupt symmetrically on the elbows, knees, buttocks, back, or scalp. The face and groin can also be involved. A burning sensation may precede lesion formation. Lesions are usually scratched off by the time a patient comes in for a ph... |
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| What causes Dermatitis Herpetiformis: Skin Manifestation of Celiac Disease (For Health Care Professionals) ? | Dermatitis herpetiformis is caused by the deposit of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the skin, which triggers further immunologic reactions resulting in lesion formation. DH is an external manifestation of an abnormal immune response to gluten, in which IgA antibodies form against the skin antigen epidermal transglutaminase.... |
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| How to diagnose Dermatitis Herpetiformis: Skin Manifestation of Celiac Disease (For Health Care Professionals) ? | A skin biopsy is the first step in diagnosing DH. Direct immunofluorescence of clinically normal skin adjacent to a lesion shows granular IgA deposits in the upper dermis. Histology of lesional skin may show microabscesses containing neutrophils and eosinophils. However, histology may reveal only excoriation due to the... |
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| What are the treatments for Dermatitis Herpetiformis: Skin Manifestation of Celiac Disease (For Health Care Professionals) ? | The sulfone dapsone can provide immediate relief of symptoms. For patients who cannot tolerate dapsone, sulfapyridine or sulfamethoxypyridazine may be used, although these medications are less effective than dapsone. A strict gluten-free diet is the only treatment for the underlying disease. Even with a gluten-free die... |
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| What is (are) Fecal Incontinence ? | Fecal incontinence, also called a bowel control problem, is the accidental passing of solid or liquid stool or mucus from the rectum. Fecal incontinence includes the inability to hold a bowel movement until reaching a toilet as well as passing stool into ones underwear without being aware of it happening. Stool, also c... |
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| Who is at risk for Fecal Incontinence? ? | Nearly 18 million U.S. adultsabout one in 12have fecal incontinence.1 People of any age can have a bowel control problem, though fecal incontinence is more common in older adults. Fecal incontinence is slightly more common among women. Having any of the following can increase the risk:
- diarrhea, whic... |
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| What is (are) Fecal Incontinence ? | The GI tract is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. The movement of muscles in the GI tract, along with the release of hormones and enzymes, allows for the digestion of food. Organs that make up the GI tract are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large inte... |
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| What causes Fecal Incontinence ? | Fecal incontinence has many causes, including
- diarrhea - constipation - muscle damage or weakness - nerve damage - loss of stretch in the rectum - childbirth by vaginal delivery - hemorrhoids and rectal prolapse - rectocele - inactivity
Diarrhea
Diarrhea can ... |
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| How to diagnose Fecal Incontinence ? | Health care providers diagnose fecal incontinence based on a persons medical history, physical exam, and medical test results. In addition to a general medical history, the health care provider may ask the following questions:
- When did fecal incontinence start? - How often does fecal incontinence oc... |
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| What are the treatments for Fecal Incontinence ? | Treatment for fecal incontinence may include one or more of the following:
- eating, diet, and nutrition - medications - bowel training - pelvic floor exercises and biofeedback - surgery - electrical stimulation |
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| What to do for Fecal Incontinence ? | Dietary changes that may improve fecal incontinence include
- Eating the right amount of fiber. Fiber can help with diarrhea and constipation. Fiber is found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and beans. Fiber supplements sold in a pharmacy or in a health food store are another common source of fiber... |
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| What is (are) Fecal Incontinence ? | Fecal incontinence can cause embarrassment, fear, and loneliness. Taking steps to cope is important. The following tips can help:
- carrying a bag with cleanup supplies and a change of clothes when leaving the house. - finding public restrooms before one is needed. - using the toilet before leaving h... |
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| What to do for Fecal Incontinence ? | - Fecal incontinence, also called a bowel control problem, is the accidental passing of solid or liquid stool or mucus from the rectum. Fecal incontinence includes the inability to hold a bowel movement until reaching a toilet as well as passing stool into ones underwear without being aware of it happening. - Nearly 1... |
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| What is (are) Ulcerative Colitis ? | Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, or long lasting, disease that causes inflammationirritation or swellingand sores called ulcers on the inner lining of the large intestine.
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, called inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). C... |
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| What is (are) Ulcerative Colitis ? | The large intestine is part of the GI tract, a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anusan opening through which stool leaves the body. The last part of the GI tract, called the lower GI tract, consists of the large intestinewhich includes the appendix, cecum, colon, and rectuma... |
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| What causes Ulcerative Colitis ? | The exact cause of ulcerative colitis is unknown. Researchers believe the following factors may play a role in causing ulcerative colitis:
- overactive intestinal immune system - genes - environment
Overactive intestinal immune system. Scientists believe one cause of ulcerative colit... |
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| What are the symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis ? | The most common signs and symptoms of ulcerative colitis are diarrhea with blood or pus and abdominal discomfort. Other signs and symptoms include
- an urgent need to have a bowel movement - feeling tired - nausea or loss of appetite - weight loss - fever - anemiaa condition in which the body has ... |
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| How to diagnose Ulcerative Colitis ? | A health care provider diagnoses ulcerative colitis with the following:
- medical and family history - physical exam - lab tests - endoscopies of the large intestine
The health care provider may perform a series of medical tests to rule out other bowel disorders, such as irritable b... |
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| What are the treatments for Ulcerative Colitis ? | A health care provider treats ulcerative colitis with
- medications - surgery
Which treatment a person needs depends on the severity of the disease and the symptoms. Each person experiences ulcerative colitis differently, so health care providers adjust treatments to improve the perso... |
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| What to do for Ulcerative Colitis ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing ulcerative colitis symptoms. Good nutrition is important in the management of ulcerative colitis, however. Dietary changes can help reduce symptoms. A health care provider may recommend dietary changes such as
- avoiding... |
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| What are the complications of Ulcerative Colitis ? | Complications of ulcerative colitis can include
- rectal bleedingwhen ulcers in the intestinal lining open and bleed. Rectal bleeding can cause anemia, which health care providers can treat with diet changes and iron supplements. People who have a large amount of bleeding in the intestine over a short ... |
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| What to do for Ulcerative Colitis ? | - Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, or long lasting, disease that causes inflammationirritation or swellingand sores called ulcers on the inner lining of the large intestine. - The exact cause of ulcerative colitis is unknown. Researchers believe that factors such as an overactive intestinal immune system, genes, and e... |
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| What is (are) Wilson Disease ? | Wilson disease is a genetic disease that prevents the body from removing extra copper. The body needs a small amount of copper from food to stay healthy; however, too much copper is poisonous. Normally, the liver filters extra copper and releases it into bile. Bile is a fluid made by the liver that carries toxins and w... |
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| What is (are) Wilson Disease ? | The liver is the bodys largest internal organ. The liver is called the bodys metabolic factory because of the important role it plays in metabolismthe way cells change food into energy after food is digested and absorbed into the blood. The liver has many important functions, including
- taking up, sto... |
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| What causes Wilson Disease ? | Wilson disease is caused by an inherited autosomal recessive mutation, or change, in the ATP7B gene. In an autosomal recessive disease, the child has to inherit the gene mutation from both parents to have an increased likelihood for the disease. The chance of a child inheriting autosomal recessive mutations from both p... |
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| What are the symptoms of Wilson Disease ? | The signs and symptoms of Wilson disease vary, depending on what organs of the body are affected. Wilson disease is present at birth; however, the signs and symptoms of the disease do not appear until the copper builds up in the liver, the brain, or other organs.
When people have signs and symptoms, th... |
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| What are the complications of Wilson Disease ? | People who have Wilson disease that is not treated or diagnosed early can have serious complications, such as
- cirrhosisscarring of the liver - kidney damageas liver function decreases, the kidneys may be damaged - persistent nervous system problems when nervous system symptoms do not resolve - liv... |
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| How to diagnose Wilson Disease ? | A health care provider may use several tests and exams to diagnose Wilson disease, including the following:
- medical and family history - physical exam - blood tests - urine tests - liver biopsy - imaging tests
Health care providers typically see the same symptoms of Wilson disea... |
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| What are the treatments for Wilson Disease ? | A health care provider will treat Wilson disease with a lifelong effort to reduce and control the amount of copper in the body. Treatment may include
- medications - changes in eating, diet, and nutrition - a liver transplant
Medications
A health care provider will p... |
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| What to do for Wilson Disease ? | People with Wilson disease should reduce their dietary copper intake by avoiding foods that are high in copper, such as
- shellfish - liver - mushrooms - nuts - chocolate
People should not eat these foods during the initial treatment and talk with the health care provider to discus... |
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| How to prevent Wilson Disease ? | A person cannot prevent Wilson disease; however, people with a family history of Wilson disease, especially those with an affected sibling or parent, should talk with a health care provider about testing. A health care provider may be able to diagnose Wilson disease before symptoms appear. Early diagnosis and treatment... |
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| What to do for Wilson Disease ? | - Wilson disease is a genetic disease that prevents the body from removing extra copper. - Normally, the liver filters extra copper and releases it into bile. In Wilson disease, the liver does not filter copper correctly and copper builds up in the liver, brain, eyes, and other organs. - Wilson disease is caused by a... |
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