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| What causes Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ? | Researchers do not fully understand what causes cysts to grow in the kidneys of people with CKD. The fact that these cysts occur only in the kidneys and not in other parts of the body, as in PKD, indicates that the processes that lead to cyst formation take place primarily inside the kidneys.2 |
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| What are the symptoms of Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ? | A person with acquired cystic kidney disease often has no symptoms. However, the complications of acquired cystic kidney disease can have signs and symptoms. |
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| What are the complications of Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ? | People with acquired cystic kidney disease may develop the following complications:
- an infected cyst, which can cause fever and back pain. - blood in the urine, which can signal that a cyst in the kidney is bleeding. - tumors in the kidneys. People with acquired cystic kidney disease are more likel... |
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| How to diagnose Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ? | A health care provider may diagnose a person with acquired cystic kidney disease based on
- medical history - imaging tests
Medical History
Taking a medical history may help a health care provider diagnose acquired cystic kidney disease. A health care provider may sus... |
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| What are the treatments for Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ? | If acquired cystic kidney disease is not causing complications, a person does not need treatment. A health care provider will treat infections with antibioticsmedications that kill bacteria. If large cysts are causing pain, a health care provider may drain the cyst using a long needle inserted into the cyst through the... |
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| What to do for Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ? | No specific diet will prevent or delay acquired cystic kidney disease. In general, a diet designed for people on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis reduces the amount of wastes that accumulate in the body between dialysis sessions.
More information is provided in the NIDDK health topics, Eat Right to ... |
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| What to do for Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ? | - Acquired cystic kidney disease happens when a person's kidneys develop fluid-filled sacs, called cysts, over time. - Acquired cystic kidney disease occurs in children and adults who have - chronic kidney disease (CKD) - end-stage kidney disease (ESRD) - People with acquired cystic kidney disease may ... |
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| How to diagnose Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ? | NASH is usually first suspected in a person who is found to have elevations in liver tests that are included in routine blood test panels, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST). When further evaluation shows no apparent reason for liver disease (such as medications, viral hepatitis,... |
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| What are the symptoms of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ? | NASH is usually a silent disease with few or no symptoms. Patients generally feel well in the early stages and only begin to have symptomssuch as fatigue, weight loss, and weaknessonce the disease is more advanced or cirrhosis develops. The progression of NASH can take years, even decades. The process can stop and, in ... |
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| What causes Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ? | Although NASH has become more common, its underlying cause is still not clear. It most often occurs in persons who are middle-aged and overweight or obese. Many patients with NASH have elevated blood lipids, such as cholesterol and triglycerides, and many have diabetes or prediabetes, but not every obese person or ever... |
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| What are the treatments for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ? | Currently, no specific therapies for NASH exist. The most important recommendations given to persons with this disease are to
- reduce their weight (if obese or overweight) - follow a balanced and healthy diet - increase physical activity - avoid alcohol - avoid unnecessary medications
... |
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| What to do for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ? | - Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is fat in the liver, with inflammation and damage. - NASH occurs in people who drink little or no alcohol and affects 2 to 5 percent of Americans, especially people who are middle-aged and overweight or obese. - NASH can occur in children. - People who have NASH may feel well an... |
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| What to do for Kidney Failure: What to Expect ? | For people who are on dialysis or approaching total kidney failure, adequate nutrition is important for maintaining energy, strength, healthy sleep patterns, bone health, heart health, and good mental health. A persons treatment will dictate the type of diet that should be followed:
- People on hemodia... |
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| What to do for Kidney Failure: What to Expect ? | - Kidney failure can affect a persons health in several ways. - When the kidneys stop working, waste products build up in the blood, a condition known as uremia. - People with kidney failure can avoid most of the problems of uremia by having regular dialysis treatments and limiting foods that contain sodium, potassiu... |
Microscopic colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in which abnormal reactions of the immune system cause inflammation of the inner lining of your colon. Anyone can develop microscopic colitis, but the disease is more common in older adults and in women. The most common symptom of microscopic colitis i... | What is (are) Microscopic Colitis: Collagenous Colitis and Lymphocytic Colitis ? | Microscopic colitis is an inflammation of the colon that a health care provider can see only with a microscope. Inflammation is the bodys normal response to injury, irritation, or infection of tissues. Microscopic colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel diseasethe general name for diseases that cause irritation and inf... |
Microscopic colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in which abnormal reactions of the immune system cause inflammation of the inner lining of your colon. Anyone can develop microscopic colitis, but the disease is more common in older adults and in women. The most common symptom of microscopic colitis i... | What is (are) Microscopic Colitis: Collagenous Colitis and Lymphocytic Colitis ? | The colon is part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anusa 1-inch-long opening through which stool leaves the body. Organs that make up the GI tract are the
- mouth - esophagus - stomach - small intestine - large intes... |
Microscopic colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in which abnormal reactions of the immune system cause inflammation of the inner lining of your colon. Anyone can develop microscopic colitis, but the disease is more common in older adults and in women. The most common symptom of microscopic colitis i... | What causes Microscopic Colitis: Collagenous Colitis and Lymphocytic Colitis ? | The exact cause of microscopic colitis is unknown. Several factors may play a role in causing microscopic colitis. However, most scientists believe that microscopic colitis results from an abnormal immune-system response to bacteria that normally live in the colon. Scientists have proposed other causes, including
... |
Microscopic colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in which abnormal reactions of the immune system cause inflammation of the inner lining of your colon. Anyone can develop microscopic colitis, but the disease is more common in older adults and in women. The most common symptom of microscopic colitis i... | What are the symptoms of Microscopic Colitis: Collagenous Colitis and Lymphocytic Colitis ? | The most common symptom of microscopic colitis is chronic, watery, nonbloody diarrhea. Episodes of diarrhea can last for weeks, months, or even years. However, many people with microscopic colitis may have long periods without diarrhea. Other signs and symptoms of microscopic colitis can include
- a st... |
Microscopic colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in which abnormal reactions of the immune system cause inflammation of the inner lining of your colon. Anyone can develop microscopic colitis, but the disease is more common in older adults and in women. The most common symptom of microscopic colitis i... | How to diagnose Microscopic Colitis: Collagenous Colitis and Lymphocytic Colitis ? | A pathologista doctor who specializes in examining tissues to diagnose diseasesdiagnoses microscopic colitis based on the findings of multiple biopsies taken throughout the colon. Biopsy is a procedure that involves taking small pieces of tissue for examination with a microscope. The pathologist examines the colon tiss... |
Microscopic colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in which abnormal reactions of the immune system cause inflammation of the inner lining of your colon. Anyone can develop microscopic colitis, but the disease is more common in older adults and in women. The most common symptom of microscopic colitis i... | What are the treatments for Microscopic Colitis: Collagenous Colitis and Lymphocytic Colitis ? | Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms. The gastroenterologist will
- review the medications the person is taking - make recommendations to change or stop certain medications - recommend that the person quit smoking
The gastroenterologist may prescribe medications to help cont... |
Microscopic colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in which abnormal reactions of the immune system cause inflammation of the inner lining of your colon. Anyone can develop microscopic colitis, but the disease is more common in older adults and in women. The most common symptom of microscopic colitis i... | What to do for Microscopic Colitis: Collagenous Colitis and Lymphocytic Colitis ? | To help reduce symptoms, a health care provider may recommend the following dietary changes:
- avoid foods and drinks that contain caffeine or artificial sugars - drink plenty of liquids to prevent dehydration during episodes of diarrhea - eat a milk-free diet if the person is also lactose intolerant... |
Microscopic colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in which abnormal reactions of the immune system cause inflammation of the inner lining of your colon. Anyone can develop microscopic colitis, but the disease is more common in older adults and in women. The most common symptom of microscopic colitis i... | How to prevent Microscopic Colitis: Collagenous Colitis and Lymphocytic Colitis ? | Researchers do not know how to prevent microscopic colitis. However, researchers do believe that people who follow the recommendations of their health care provider may be able to prevent relapses of microscopic colitis. |
Microscopic colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in which abnormal reactions of the immune system cause inflammation of the inner lining of your colon. Anyone can develop microscopic colitis, but the disease is more common in older adults and in women. The most common symptom of microscopic colitis i... | Who is at risk for Microscopic Colitis: Collagenous Colitis and Lymphocytic Colitis? ? | No. Unlike the other inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis, microscopic colitis does not increase a persons risk of getting colon cancer. |
Microscopic colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in which abnormal reactions of the immune system cause inflammation of the inner lining of your colon. Anyone can develop microscopic colitis, but the disease is more common in older adults and in women. The most common symptom of microscopic colitis i... | What to do for Microscopic Colitis: Collagenous Colitis and Lymphocytic Colitis ? | - Microscopic colitis is an inflammation of the colon that a health care provider can see only with a microscope. - The two types of microscopic colitis are collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis. - The exact cause of microscopic colitis is unknown. - Microscopic colitis is most common in females age 50 years o... |
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| What is (are) What I need to know about Bladder Control for Women ? | Not all bladder control problems are alike. Some problems are caused by weak muscles, while others are caused by damaged nerves. Sometimes the cause may be a medicine that dulls the nerves.
To help solve your problem, your doctor or nurse will try to identify the type of incontinence you have. It may b... |
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| What causes What I need to know about Bladder Control for Women ? | Urine leakage has many possible causes. |
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| What is (are) What I need to know about Bladder Control for Women ? | Talking about bladder control problems is not easy for some people. You may feel embarrassed to tell your doctor. But talking about the problem is the first step in finding an answer. Also, you can be sure your doctor has heard it all before. You will not shock or embarrass your doctor or nurse.
... |
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| What are the treatments for What I need to know about Bladder Control for Women ? | Your doctor will likely offer several treatment choices. Some treatments are as simple as changing some daily habits. Other treatments require taking medicine or using a device. If nothing else seems to work, surgery may help a woman with stress incontinence regain her bladder control.
Talk with your d... |
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| What is (are) Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ? | Amyloidosis is a rare disease that occurs when amyloid proteins are deposited in tissues and organs. Amyloid proteins are abnormal proteins that the body cannot break down and recycle, as it does with normal proteins. When amyloid proteins clump together, they form amyloid deposits. The buildup of these deposits damage... |
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| What is (are) Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ? | The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Every day, the two kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid. The urine flows from the kidneys... |
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| What is (are) Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ? | Primary amyloidosis and dialysis-related amyloidosis are the types of amyloidosis that can affect the kidneys.
Primary Amyloidosis of the Kidneys
The kidneys are the organs most commonly affected by primary amyloidosis. Amyloid deposits damage the kidneys and make it harder for them to... |
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| What are the symptoms of Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ? | The most common sign of primary amyloidosis of the kidneys is nephrotic syndromea collection of signs that indicate kidney damage. The signs of nephrotic syndrome include
- albuminuriaan increased amount of albumin, a protein, in the urine. A person with nephrotic syndrome excretes more than half a tea... |
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| What are the symptoms of Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ? | The symptoms of dialysis-related amyloidosis may include
- pain, stiffness, and fluid in the joints. - abnormal, fluid-containing sacs, called cysts, in some bones. - carpal tunnel syndrome, caused by unusual buildup of amyloid proteins in the wrists. The symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome include nu... |
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| How to diagnose Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ? | A health care provider diagnoses primary amyloidosis of the kidneys with
- a medical and family history - a physical exam - urinalysis - blood tests - a kidney biopsy
Medical and Family History
Taking a medical and family history may help a health care provider dia... |
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| How to diagnose Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ? | A health care provider diagnoses dialysis-related amyloidosis with
- urinalysis - blood tests - imaging tests
A health care provider can use urinalysis and blood tests to detect the amount of amyloid proteins in urine and blood. Imaging tests, such as x-rays and CT scans, can provide... |
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| What are the treatments for Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ? | A health care provider treats primary amyloidosis of the kidneys with the following:
- medication therapy, including chemotherapy - a stem cell transplant - treating other conditions
Medication therapy. The goal of medication therapy, including chemotherapy, is to reduce amyloid prot... |
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| What are the treatments for Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ? | A health care provider treats dialysis-related amyloidosis with
- medication therapy - newer, more effective hemodialysis filters - surgery - a kidney transplant
The goal of medication therapy and the use of newer, more effective hemodialysis filters is to reduce amyloid protein lev... |
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| What to do for Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing primary amyloidosis of the kidneys or dialysis-related amyloidosis. People with nephrotic syndrome may make dietary changes such as
- limiting dietary sodium, often from salt, to help reduce edema and lower... |
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| What to do for Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ? | - Amyloidosis is a rare disease that occurs when amyloid proteins are deposited in tissues and organs. - Primary amyloidosis and dialysis-related amyloidosis are the types of amyloidosis that can affect the kidneys. - The most common sign of primary amyloidosis of the kidneys is nephrotic syndrome. - The signs of ne... |
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| What is (are) Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ? | You and your doctor will work together to choose a treatment that's best for you. The publications of the NIDDK Kidney Failure Series can help you learn about the specific issues you will face.
Booklets
- What I need to know about Kidney Failure and How its Treated - Treatment Me... |
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| What to do for What I need to know about Physical Activity and Diabetes ? | - Starting a physical activity program can help you lose weight or keep a healthy weight and keep your blood glucose levels on target. - Always talk with your health care team before you start a new physical activity program. - Ask your health care team if you need to change the amount of medicine you take or the foo... |
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| What is (are) Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | Medullary sponge kidney, also known as Cacchi-Ricci disease, is a birth defect where changes occur in the tubules, or tiny tubes, inside a fetus kidneys.
In a normal kidney, urine flows through these tubules as the kidney is being formed during a fetus growth. In medullary sponge kidney, tiny, fluid-fi... |
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| What are the complications of Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | Complications of medullary sponge kidney include
- hematuria, or blood in the urine - kidney stones - urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Medullary sponge kidney rarely leads to more serious problems, such as chronic kidney disease or kidney failure. |
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| What causes Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | Scientists do not fully understand the cause of medullary sponge kidney or why cysts form in the tubules during fetal development. Even though medullary sponge kidney is present at birth, most cases do not appear to be inherited. |
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| How many people are affected by Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | Medullary sponge kidney affects about one person per 5,000 people in the United States. Researchers have reported that 12 to 20 percent of people who develop calcium-based kidney stones have medullary sponge kidney1. |
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| What are the symptoms of Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | Many people with medullary sponge kidney have no symptoms. The first sign that a person has medullary sponge kidney is usually a UTI or a kidney stone. UTIs and kidney stones share many of the same signs and symptoms:
- burning or painful urination - pain in the back, lower abdomen, or groin - cloudy... |
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| How to diagnose Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | A health care provider diagnoses medullary sponge kidney based on
- a medical and family history - a physical exam - imaging studies
Medical and Family History
Taking a medical and family history can help diagnose medullary sponge kidney. A health care provider will ... |
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| What are the treatments for Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | Scientists have not discovered a way to reverse medullary sponge kidney. Once a health care provider is sure a person has medullary sponge kidney, treatment focuses on
- curing an existing UTI - removing any kidney stones
Curing an Existing Urinary Tract Infection
To ... |
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| How to prevent Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | Scientists have not yet found a way to prevent medullary sponge kidney. However, health care providers can recommend medications and dietary changes to prevent future UTIs and kidney stones. |
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| How to prevent Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | Health care providers may prescribe certain medications to prevent UTIs and kidney stones:
- A person with medullary sponge kidney may need to continue taking a low-dose antibiotic to prevent recurrent infections. - Medications that reduce calcium in the urine may help prevent calcium kidney stones. T... |
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| What to do for Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | The following changes in diet may help prevent UTIs and kidney stone formation:
- Drinking plenty of water and other liquids can help flush bacteria from the urinary tract and dilute urine so kidney stones cannot form. A person should drink enough liquid to produce about 2 to 2.5 quarts of urine every ... |
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| What to do for Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | - Medullary sponge kidney, also known as Cacchi-Ricci disease, is a birth defect where changes occur in the tubules, or tiny tubes, inside a fetus kidneys. - Symptoms of medullary sponge kidney do not usually appear until the teenage years or the 20s. Medullary sponge kidney can affect one or both kidneys. - Complica... |
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| What is (are) Prolactinoma ? | A prolactinoma is a benign noncancerous tumor of the pituitary gland that produces a hormone called prolactin. Prolactinomas are the most common type of pituitary tumor. Symptoms of prolactinoma are caused by hyperprolactinemia --- too much prolactin in the blood --- or by pressure of the tumor on surrounding tissues.
... |
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| What is (are) Prolactinoma ? | The pituitary gland, sometimes called the master gland, plays a critical role in regulating growth and development, metabolism, and reproduction. It produces prolactin and other key hormones including
- growth hormone, which regulates growth - adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal g... |
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| How many people are affected by Prolactinoma ? | Although small benign pituitary tumors are fairly common in the general population, symptomatic prolactinomas are uncommon. Prolactinomas occur more often in women than men and rarely occur in children. |
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| What are the symptoms of Prolactinoma ? | In women, high levels of prolactin in the blood often cause infertility and changes in menstruation. In some women, periods may stop. In others, periods may become irregular or menstrual flow may change. Women who are not pregnant or nursing may begin producing breast milk. Some women may experience a loss of libido-in... |
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| What causes Prolactinoma ? | The cause of pituitary tumors remains largely unknown. Most pituitary tumors are sporadic, meaning they are not genetically passed from parents to their children. |
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| What causes Prolactinoma ? | In some people, high blood levels of prolactin can be traced to causes other than prolactinoma.
Prescription drugs. Prolactin secretion in the pituitary is normally suppressed by the brain chemical dopamine. Drugs that block the effects of dopamine at the pituitary or deplete dopamine stores in the bra... |
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| How to diagnose Prolactinoma ? | A doctor will test for prolactin blood levels in women with unexplained milk secretion, called galactorrhea, or with irregular menses or infertility and in men with impaired sexual function and, in rare cases, milk secretion. If prolactin levels are high, a doctor will test thyroid function and ask first about other co... |
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| What are the treatments for Prolactinoma ? | The goals of treatment are to return prolactin secretion to normal, reduce tumor size, correct any visual abnormalities, and restore normal pituitary function. In the case of large tumors, only partial achievement of these goals may be possible.
Medical Treatment
Because dopamine is th... |
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| Who is at risk for Prolactinoma? ? | Women whose ovaries produce inadequate estrogen are at increased risk for osteoporosis. Hyperprolactinemia can reduce estrogen production. Although estrogen production may be restored after treatment for hyperprolactinemia, even a year or 2 without estrogen can compromise bone strength. Women should protect themselves ... |
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| What is (are) Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ? | Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a rare disorder that occurs when one or more tumors form in the pancreas and duodenum. The tumors, called gastrinomas, release large amounts of gastrin that cause the stomach to produce large amounts of acid. Normally, the body releases small amounts of gastrin after eating, which triggers... |
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| What is (are) Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ? | The stomach, duodenum, and pancreas are digestive organs that break down food and liquid.
- The stomach stores swallowed food and liquid. The muscle action of the lower part of the stomach mixes the food and liquid with digestive juice. Partially digested food and liquid slowly move into the duodenum a... |
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| What causes Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ? | Experts do not know the exact cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. About 25 to 30 percent of gastrinomas are caused by an inherited genetic disorder called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1).1 MEN1 causes hormone-releasing tumors in the endocrine glands and the duodenum. Symptoms of MEN1 include increased hormo... |
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| How many people are affected by Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ? | Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is rare and only occurs in about one in every 1 million people.1 Although anyone can get Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, the disease is more common among men 30 to 50 years old. A child who has a parent with MEN1 is also at increased risk for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.2 |
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| What are the symptoms of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ? | Zollinger-Ellison syndrome signs and symptoms are similar to those of peptic ulcers. A dull or burning pain felt anywhere between the navel and midchest is the most common symptom of a peptic ulcer. This discomfort usually
- occurs when the stomach is emptybetween meals or during the nightand may be br... |
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| What are the symptoms of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ? | A person who has any of the following emergency symptoms should call or see a health care provider right away:
- chest pain - sharp, sudden, persistent, and severe stomach pain - red blood in stool or black stools - red blood in vomit or vomit that looks like coffee grounds
These sy... |
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| How to diagnose Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ? | A health care provider diagnoses Zollinger-Ellison syndrome based on the following:
- medical history - physical exam - signs and symptoms - blood tests - upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy - imaging tests to look for gastrinomas - measurement of stomach acid
Medical History
... |
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| What are the treatments for Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ? | A health care provider treats Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with medications to reduce gastric acid secretion and with surgery to remove gastrinomas. A health care provider sometimes uses chemotherapymedications to shrink tumorswhen tumors are too widespread to remove with surgery.
Medications
... |
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| What to do for Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. |
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| What to do for Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ? | - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a rare disorder that occurs when one or more tumors form in the pancreas and duodenum. - Experts do not know the exact cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. - About 25 to 30 percent of gastrinomas are caused by an inherited genetic disorder called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (ME... |
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| What is (are) IgA Nephropathy ? | IgA nephropathy, also known as Bergers disease, is a kidney disease that occurs when IgA deposits build up in the kidneys, causing inflammation that damages kidney tissues. IgA is an antibodya protein made by the immune system to protect the body from foreign substances such as bacteria or viruses. Most people with IgA... |
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| What causes IgA Nephropathy ? | Scientists think that IgA nephropathy is an autoimmune kidney disease, meaning that the disease is due to the bodys immune system harming the kidneys.
People with IgA nephropathy have an increased blood level of IgA that contains less of a special sugar, galactose, than normal. This galactose-deficient... |
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| How many people are affected by IgA Nephropathy ? | IgA nephropathy is one of the most common kidney diseases, other than those caused by diabetes or high blood pressure.1
IgA nephropathy can occur at any age, although the first evidence of kidney disease most frequently appears when people are in their teens to late 30s.2 IgA nephropathy in the United ... |
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| What are the symptoms of IgA Nephropathy ? | In its early stages, IgA nephropathy may have no symptoms; it can be silent for years or even decades. Once symptoms appear, the most common one is hematuria, or blood in the urine. Hematuria can be a sign of damaged glomeruli. Blood in the urine may appear during or soon after a cold, sore throat, or other respiratory... |
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| What are the complications of IgA Nephropathy ? | Complications of IgA nephropathy include
- high blood pressure - acute kidney failuresudden and temporary loss of kidney function - chronic kidney failurereduced kidney function over a period of time - nephrotic syndromea collection of symptoms that indicate kidney damage; symptoms include albuminur... |
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| How to diagnose IgA Nephropathy ? | A health care provider diagnoses kidney disease with
- a medical and family history - a physical exam - urine tests - a blood test
Medical and Family History
Taking a medical and family history may help a health care provider diagnose kidney disease.
... |
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| How to diagnose IgA Nephropathy ? | Currently, health care providers do not use blood or urine tests as reliable ways to diagnose IgA nephropathy; therefore, the diagnosis of IgA nephropathy requires a kidney biopsy.
A kidney biopsy is a procedure that involves taking a small piece of kidney tissue for examination with a microscope. A he... |
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| What are the treatments for IgA Nephropathy ? | Researchers have not yet found a specific cure for IgA nephropathy. Once the kidneys are scarred, they cannot be repaired. Therefore, the ultimate goal of IgA nephropathy treatment is to prevent or delay end-stage kidney disease. A health care provider may prescribe medications to
- control a persons b... |
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| How to prevent IgA Nephropathy ? | Researchers have not found a way to prevent IgA nephropathy. People with a family history of IgA nephropathy should talk with their health care provider to find out what steps they can take to keep their kidneys healthy, such as controlling their blood pressure and keeping their blood cholesterol at healthy levels. |
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| What to do for IgA Nephropathy ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing IgA nephropathy. Health care providers may recommend that people with kidney disease, such as IgA nephropathy, make dietary changes such as
- limiting dietary sodium, often from salt, to help reduce edema a... |
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| What to do for IgA Nephropathy ? | - Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, also known as Bergers disease, is a kidney disease that occurs when IgA deposits build up in the kidneys, causing inflammation that damages kidney tissues. - Scientists think that IgA nephropathy is an autoimmune kidney disease, meaning that the disease is due to the bodys immune ... |
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| What is (are) Peyronie's Disease ? | Peyronies disease is a disorder in which scar tissue, called a plaque, forms in the penisthe male organ used for urination and sex. The plaque builds up inside the tissues of a thick, elastic membrane called the tunica albuginea. The most common area for the plaque is on the top or bottom of the penis. As the plaque bu... |
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| What causes Peyronie's Disease ? | Medical experts do not know the exact cause of Peyronies disease. Many believe that Peyronies disease may be the result of
- acute injury to the penis - chronic, or repeated, injury to the penis - autoimmune diseasea disorder in which the bodys immune system attacks the bodys own cells and organs
... |
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| How many people are affected by Peyronie's Disease ? | Researchers estimate that Peyronies disease may affect 1 to 23 percent of men between 40 and 70 years of age.1 However, the actual occurrence of Peyronies disease may be higher due to mens embarrassment and health care providers limited reporting.1 The disease is rare in young men, although it has been reported in men ... |
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| What are the symptoms of Peyronie's Disease ? | The signs and symptoms of Peyronies disease may include
- hard lumps on one or more sides of the penis - pain during sexual intercourse or during an erection - a curve in the penis either with or without an erection - narrowing or shortening of the penis - ED
Symptoms of Peyronies ... |
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| What are the complications of Peyronie's Disease ? | Complications of Peyronies disease may include
- the inability to have sexual intercourse - ED - anxiety, or stress, about sexual abilities or the appearance of the penis - stress on a relationship with a sexual partner - problems fathering a child because intercourse is difficult |
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| How to diagnose Peyronie's Disease ? | A urologist diagnoses Peyronies disease based on
- a medical and family history - a physical exam - imaging tests
Medical and Family History
Taking a medical and family history is one of the first things a urologist may do to help diagnose Peyronies disease. He or sh... |
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| What are the treatments for Peyronie's Disease ? | A urologist may treat Peyronies disease with nonsurgical treatments or surgery.
The goal of treatment is to reduce pain and restore and maintain the ability to have intercourse. Men with small plaques, minimal penile curvature, no pain, and satisfactory sexual function may not need treatment until symp... |
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| How to prevent Peyronie's Disease ? | Researchers do not know how to prevent Peyronies disease. |
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| What to do for Peyronie's Disease ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing Peyronies disease. |
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| What to do for Peyronie's Disease ? | - Peyronies disease is a disorder in which scar tissue, called a plaque, forms in the penisthe male organ used for urination and sex. - Medical experts do not know the exact cause of Peyronies disease. Many believe that Peyronies disease may be the result of - acute injury to the penis - chronic, or repeated, ... |
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| What are the treatments for Financial Help for Diabetes Care ? | Diabetes management and treatment is expensive. According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), the average cost of health care for a person with diabetes is $13,741 a yearmore than twice the cost of health care for a person without diabetes.1
Many people who have diabetes need help paying for th... |
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| What is (are) Financial Help for Diabetes Care ? | Health insurance helps pay for medical care, including the cost of diabetes care. Health insurance options include the following:
- private health insurance, which includes group and individual health insurance - government health insurance, such as Medicare, Medicaid, the Childrens Health Insurance P... |
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| What is (are) Financial Help for Diabetes Care ? | Insurance companies sell private health insurance plans. Two types of private health insurance are
- Group health insurance. People may be eligible to purchase group health insurance through their employer or union or through a family members employer or union. Other organizations, such as professional... |
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| What is (are) Financial Help for Diabetes Care ? | Medicare is a federal health insurance program that pays health care costs for eligible people who are
- age 65 or older - under age 65 with certain disabilities - of any age with end-stage renal diseasetotal and permanent kidney failure that requires a kidney transplant or blood-filtering treatments... |
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| What is (are) Financial Help for Diabetes Care ? | People who enroll in Medicare can register with www.MyMedicare.gov, a secure online service, and use the site to access their personal Medicare information at any time. People can view their claims and order history, and see a description of covered preventive services. |
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| What is (are) Financial Help for Diabetes Care ? | Medicaid is a state health insurance program for those with low incomes and few assets. Each state runs its own program. The Federal Government requires that Medicaid programs cover a specific set of services; however, states can choose to cover more services in addition to the ones required. A person may have Medicaid... |
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| What is (are) Financial Help for Diabetes Care ? | Assistive technology is any device that assists, adapts, or helps to rehabilitate someone with a disability so he or she may function more safely, effectively, and independently at home, at work, and in the community. Assistive technology may include
- computers with features that make them accessible ... |
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| What to do for Financial Help for Diabetes Care ? | - Diabetes management and treatment is expensive. Many people who have diabetes need help paying for their care. For those who qualify, a variety of government and nongovernment programs can help cover health care expenses. - Health insurance helps pay for medical care, including the cost of diabetes care. Health insu... |
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