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| What is (are) Chronic Diarrhea in Children ? | Diarrhea is loose, watery stools. Chronic, or long lasting, diarrhea typically lasts for more than 4 weeks. Children with chronic diarrhea may have loose, watery stools continually, or diarrhea may come and go. Chronic diarrhea may go away without treatment, or it may be a symptom of a chronic disease or disorder. Trea... |
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| What causes Chronic Diarrhea in Children ? | Many diseases and disorders can cause chronic diarrhea in children. Common causes include
- infections - functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders - food allergies and intolerances - inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Infections, food allergies and intolerances, and IBD may cause chr... |
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| What are the symptoms of Chronic Diarrhea in Children ? | Symptoms that accompany chronic diarrhea in children depend on the cause of the diarrhea. Symptoms can include
- cramping - abdominal pain - nausea or vomiting - fever - chills - bloody stools
Children with chronic diarrhea who have malabsorption can experience
- ... |
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| What causes Chronic Diarrhea in Children ? | To determine the cause of chronic diarrhea in children, the health care provider will take a complete medical and family history and conduct a physical exam, and may perform tests.
Medical and family history. Taking a medical and family history is one of the first things a health care provider may do t... |
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| What are the treatments for Chronic Diarrhea in Children ? | The treatment for chronic diarrhea will depend on the cause. Some common causes of chronic diarrhea are treated as follows:
- Infections. If a child has prolonged problems digesting certain carbohydrates or proteins after an acute infection, a health care provider may recommend changes in diet. A child... |
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| What to do for Chronic Diarrhea in Children ? | A health care provider may recommend changing a childs diet to treat the cause of chronic diarrhea. Making sure that children receive proper nutrition is important for growth and development. A childs parent or caretaker should talk with a health care provider about changing the childs diet to treat chronic diarrhea. |
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| What to do for Chronic Diarrhea in Children ? | - Diarrhea is loose, watery stools. Chronic, or long lasting, diarrhea typically lasts for more than 4 weeks. - Many diseases and disorders can cause chronic diarrhea in children. Common causes include infections, functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, food allergies and intolerances, and inflammatory bowel disea... |
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| What is (are) Hemorrhoids ? | Hemorrhoids are swollen and inflamed veins around the anus or in the lower rectum. The rectum is the last part of the large intestine leading to the anus. The anus is the opening at the end of the digestive tract where bowel contents leave the body.
External hemorrhoids are located under the skin aroun... |
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| What are the symptoms of Hemorrhoids ? | The most common symptom of internal hemorrhoids is bright red blood on stool, on toilet paper, or in the toilet bowl after a bowel movement. Internal hemorrhoids that are not prolapsed are usually not painful. Prolapsed hemorrhoids often cause pain, discomfort, and anal itching.
Blood clots may form in... |
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| How many people are affected by Hemorrhoids ? | About 75 percent of people will have hemorrhoids at some point in their lives.1 Hemorrhoids are most common among adults ages 45 to 65.2 Hemorrhoids are also common in pregnant women. |
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| What causes Hemorrhoids ? | Swelling in the anal or rectal veins causes hemorrhoids. Several factors may cause this swelling, including
- chronic constipation or diarrhea - straining during bowel movements - sitting on the toilet for long periods of time - a lack of fiber in the diet
Another cause of hemorrhoi... |
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| How to diagnose Hemorrhoids ? | The doctor will examine the anus and rectum to determine whether a person has hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoid symptoms are similar to the symptoms of other anorectal problems, such as fissures, abscesses, warts, and polyps.
The doctor will perform a physical exam to look for visible hemorrhoids. A digital rect... |
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| What are the treatments for Hemorrhoids ? | At-home Treatments
Simple diet and lifestyle changes often reduce the swelling of hemorrhoids and relieve hemorrhoid symptoms. Eating a high-fiber diet can make stools softer and easier to pass, reducing the pressure on hemorrhoids caused by straining.
Fiber is a substance found in pla... |
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| What to do for Hemorrhoids ? | - Hemorrhoids are swollen and inflamed veins around the anus or in the lower rectum. - Hemorrhoids are not dangerous or life threatening, and symptoms usually go away within a few days. - A thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis by a doctor is important any time a person notices bleeding from the rectum or blood in... |
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| What is (are) Hematuria (Blood in the Urine) ? | Hematuria is blood in the urine. Two types of blood in the urine exist. Blood that can be seen in the urine is called gross hematuria. Blood that cannot be seen in the urine, except when examined with a microscope, is called microscopic hematuria. |
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| What are the symptoms of Hematuria (Blood in the Urine) ? | Most people with microscopic hematuria do not have symptoms. People with gross hematuria have urine that is pink, red, or cola-colored due to the presence of red blood cells (RBCs). Even a small amount of blood in the urine can cause urine to change color. In most cases, people with gross hematuria do not have other sy... |
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| What is (are) Hematuria (Blood in the Urine) ? | The urinary tract is the bodys drainage system for removing wastes and extra water. The urinary tract includes two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra. The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located near the middle of the back, just below the rib cage, one on each sid... |
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| What causes Hematuria (Blood in the Urine) ? | Hematuria can be caused by menstruation, vigorous exercise, sexual activity, viral illness, trauma, or infection, such as a urinary tract infection (UTI). More serious causes of hematuria include
- cancer of the kidney or bladder - inflammation of the kidney, urethra, bladder, or prostatea walnut-shap... |
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| Who is at risk for Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)? ? | Almost anyone, including children and teens, can have hematuria. Factors that increase the chance a person will have hematuria include
- a family history of kidney disease - an enlarged prostate, which typically occurs in men age 50 or older - urinary stone disease - certain medications including as... |
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| How to diagnose Hematuria (Blood in the Urine) ? | Hematuria is diagnosed with urinalysis, which is testing of a urine sample. The urine sample is collected in a special container in a health care providers office or commercial facility and can be tested in the same location or sent to a lab for analysis. For the test, a nurse or technician places a strip of chemically... |
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| What are the treatments for Hematuria (Blood in the Urine) ? | Hematuria is treated by treating its underlying cause. If no serious condition is causing hematuria, no treatment is needed. Hematuria caused by a UTI is treated with antibiotics; urinalysis should be repeated 6 weeks after antibiotic treatment ends to be sure the infection has resolved. |
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| What to do for Hematuria (Blood in the Urine) ? | Eating, diet, and nutrition have not been shown to play a role in causing or preventing hematuria. |
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| What to do for Hematuria (Blood in the Urine) ? | - Hematuria is blood in the urine. - Most people with microscopic hematuria do not have symptoms. People with gross hematuria have urine that is pink, red, or cola-colored due to the presence of red blood cells (RBCs). - Hematuria can be caused by menstruation, vigorous exercise, sexual activity, viral illness, traum... |
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| What is (are) Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes ? | Diabetes is a complex group of diseases with a variety of causes. People with diabetes have high blood glucose, also called high blood sugar or hyperglycemia.
Diabetes is a disorder of metabolismthe way the body uses digested food for energy. The digestive tract breaks down carbohydratessugars and star... |
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| What is (are) Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes ? | Prediabetes is when blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of diabetes. Prediabetes means a person is at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes, as well as for heart disease and stroke. Many people with prediabetes develop type 2 diabetes within 10 years.
... |
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| How to diagnose Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes ? | Blood tests are used to diagnosis diabetes and prediabetes because early in the disease type 2 diabetes may have no symptoms. All diabetes blood tests involve drawing blood at a health care providers office or commercial facility and sending the sample to a lab for analysis. Lab analysis of blood is needed to ensure te... |
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| How to diagnose Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes ? | Health care providers test for gestational diabetes using the OGTT. Women may be tested during their first visit to the health care provider after becoming pregnant or between 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy depending on their risk factors and symptoms. Women found to have diabetes at the first visit to the health care pro... |
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| How to prevent Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes ? | A major research study, the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), proved that people with prediabetes were able to sharply reduce their risk of developing diabetes during the study by losing 5 to 7 percent of their body weight through dietary changes and increased physical activity.
Study participants fol... |
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| What are the treatments for Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes ? | People can manage their diabetes with meal planning, physical activity, and if needed, medications. More information about taking care of type 1 or type 2 diabetes is provided in the NIDDK health topics:
- What I need to know about Diabetes Medicines - What I need to know about Eating and Diabetes - ... |
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| What to do for Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes ? | - Tests used for diagnosing diabetes and prediabetes include the A1C testfor type 2 diabetes and prediabetesthe fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test, and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Another blood test, the random plasma glucose (RPG) test, is sometimes used to diagnose diabetes when symptoms are present during... |
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| What is (are) Polycystic Kidney Disease ? | Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disorder that causes numerous cysts to grow in the kidneys. A kidney cyst is an abnormal sac filled with fluid. PKD cysts can greatly enlarge the kidneys while replacing much of their normal structure, resulting in chronic kidney disease (CKD), which causes reduced kidney function... |
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| What causes Polycystic Kidney Disease ? | A gene mutation, or defect, causes polycystic kidney disease. Genes provide instructions for making proteins in the body. A gene mutation is a permanent change in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence that makes up a gene. In most cases of PKD, a person inherits the gene mutation, meaning a parent passes it on in hi... |
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| How many people are affected by Polycystic Kidney Disease ? | Estimates of PKDs prevalence range from one in 400 to one in 1,000 people.1 According to the United States Renal Data System, PKD accounts for 2.2 percent of new cases of kidney failure each year in the United States. Annually, eight people per 1 million have kidney failure as a result of PKD.2
Polycys... |
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| What is (are) Polycystic Kidney Disease ? | Autosomal dominant PKD is the most common form of PKD and the most common inherited disorder of the kidneys.3 The term autosomal dominant means a child can get the disorder by inheriting the gene mutation from only one parent. Each child of a parent with an autosomal dominant mutation has a 50 percent chance of inherit... |
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| What are the symptoms of Polycystic Kidney Disease ? | In many cases, PKD does not cause signs or symptoms until cysts are half an inch or larger. When present, the most common symptoms are pain in the back and sidesbetween the ribs and hipsand headaches. The pain can be temporary or persistent, mild or severe. Hematuriablood in the urinemay also be a sign of autosomal dom... |
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| What are the complications of Polycystic Kidney Disease ? | The complications of autosomal dominant PKD include the following:
- Pain. Cyst infection, other types of urinary tract infections (UTIs), bleeding into cysts, kidney stones, or stretching of the fibrous tissue around the kidney because of cyst growth can cause pain in the area of the kidneys. - High ... |
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| What is (are) Polycystic Kidney Disease ? | Autosomal recessive PKD is a rare genetic disorder that affects the liver as well as the kidneys. The signs of autosomal recessive PKD frequently appear in the earliest months of life, even in the womb, so health care providers often call it infantile PKD. In an autosomal recessive disorder, the child has to inherit th... |
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| What are the symptoms of Polycystic Kidney Disease ? | An early sign of autosomal recessive PKD is an enlarged kidney, seen in a fetus or an infant using ultrasound. Kidney function is crucial for early physical development, so children with autosomal recessive PKD and decreased kidney function are usually smaller-than-average size, a condition called growth failure.
... |
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| What are the complications of Polycystic Kidney Disease ? | Babies with the most severe cases of autosomal recessive PKD often die hours or days after birth because they cannot breathe well enough to sustain life. Their lungs do not develop as they should during the prenatal period. Pressure from enlarged kidneys also contributes to breathing problems.
Children... |
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| How to prevent Polycystic Kidney Disease ? | Scientists have not yet found a way to prevent PKD. However, people with PKD may slow the progression of kidney damage caused by high blood pressure through lifestyle changes, diet, and blood pressure medications. People with PKD should be physically active 30 minutes a day most days of the week. See Eating, Diet, and ... |
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| What to do for Polycystic Kidney Disease ? | A dietitian specializes in helping people who have kidney disease choose the right foods and plan healthy meals. People with any kind of kidney disease, including PKD, should talk with a dietitian about foods that should be added to their diet and foods that might be harmful.
PKD may require diet chang... |
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| What to do for Polycystic Kidney Disease ? | - Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder that causes numerous cysts to grow in the kidneys. - A gene mutation, or defect, causes polycystic kidney disease. - Autosomal dominant PKD is the most common form of PKD and the most common inherited disorder of the kidneys. - Health care providers identify mo... |
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| What is (are) What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome ? | Interstitial cystitis*painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is one of several conditions that causes bladder pain and a need to urinate frequently and urgently. Some doctors have started using the term bladder pain syndrome (BPS) to describe this condition.
Your bladder is a balloon-shaped organ where your... |
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| What are the symptoms of What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome ? | Signs of bladder problems include
- Urgency. The feeling that you need to go right now! Urgency is normal if you haven't been near a bathroom for a few hours or if you have been drinking a lot of fluids. But you may have a problem if you have strong urges before your bladder has had time to fill.... |
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| What causes What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome ? | Many different problems can cause urgency, frequency, and bladder pain. Just a few of them are
- infections - bowel disorders - endometriosistissue that normally lines the womb that appears in other places outside of the womb - bladder cancer
Your doctor will ask you questions and r... |
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| Who is at risk for What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome? ? | Both men and women can get IC/PBS, though twice as many women are affected as men. It can occur at any age, but it is most common in middle age.
People with IC/PBS rarely have bladder pain all the time. The pain usually comes and goes as the bladder fills and then empties. The pain may go away for week... |
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| How to diagnose What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome ? | Finding the cause of bladder pain may require several tests.
While tests may aid your doctor in making a diagnosis of IC/PBS, a careful review of your symptoms and a physical exam in the office are generally the most important parts of the evaluation. |
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| What are the treatments for What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome ? | No one treatment for IC/PBS has been found that works for everyone. Your doctor or nurse will work with you to find a treatment plan that meets your special needs. The plan may include diet and lifestyle changes, bladder retraining, activity and exercise, physical therapy, and various types of medicines. You should exp... |
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| What to do for What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome ? | - Bladder problems have many possible causes. - Your doctor will need to do tests to find the cause of your bladder problems. If all the test results are normal, you may have IC/PBS. - No one treatment option for IC/PBS works for everybody. - Treatments for IC/PBS may include changing your diet and exercising. - Me... |
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| What is (are) What I need to know about Hepatitis A ? | Hepatitis* A is a virus, or infection, that causes liver disease and inflammation of the liver. Viruses can cause sickness. For example, the flu is caused by a virus. People can pass viruses to each other.
Inflammation is swelling that occurs when tissues of the body become injured or infected. Inflamm... |
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| What is (are) What I need to know about Hepatitis A ? | The liver is an organ that does many important things. You cannot live without a liver.
*See the Pronunciation Guide for tips on how to say the words in bold type.
The liver
- removes harmful chemicals from your blood - fights infection - helps digest food - stores ... |
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| Who is at risk for What I need to know about Hepatitis A? ? | Anyone can get hepatitis A, but those more likely to are people who
- travel to developing countries - live with someone who currently has an active hepatitis A infection - use illegal drugs, including noninjection drugs - have unprotected sex with an infected person - provide child care
... |
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| What are the symptoms of What I need to know about Hepatitis A ? | Most people do not have any symptoms of hepatitis A. If symptoms of hepatitis A occur, they include
- feeling tired - muscle soreness - upset stomach - fever - loss of appetite - stomach pain - diarrhea - dark-yellow urine - light-colored stools - yellowish eyes and skin, called jaundice
... |
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| How to diagnose What I need to know about Hepatitis A ? | A blood test will show if you have hepatitis A. Blood tests are done at a doctors office or outpatient facility. A blood sample is taken using a needle inserted into a vein in your arm or hand. The blood sample is sent to a lab to test for hepatitis A. |
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| What are the treatments for What I need to know about Hepatitis A ? | Hepatitis A usually gets better in a few weeks without treatment. However, some people can have symptoms for up to 6 months. Your doctor may suggest medicines to help relieve your symptoms. Talk with your doctor before taking prescription and over-the-counter medicines.
See your doctor regularly to mak... |
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| What to do for What I need to know about Hepatitis A ? | If you have hepatitis A, you should do things to take care of yourself, including eating a healthy diet. Avoid drinking alcohol, which can harm the liver. Talk with your doctor before taking vitamins and other supplements. |
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| What to do for What I need to know about Hepatitis A ? | - Hepatitis A is a virus, or infection, that causes inflammation of the liver. - Anyone can get hepatitis A, but some people are more likely to than others. - You could get hepatitis A through contact with an infected persons stool. - Most people do not have any symptoms of hepatitis A. - Children younger than age ... |
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| What is (are) Goodpasture Syndrome ? | Goodpasture syndrome is a pulmonary-renal syndrome, which is a group of acute illnesses involving the kidneys and lungs. Goodpasture syndrome includes all of the following conditions:
- glomerulonephritisinflammation of the glomeruli, which are tiny clusters of looping blood vessels in the kidneys that... |
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| What causes Goodpasture Syndrome ? | The causes of Goodpasture syndrome are not fully understood. People who smoke or use hair dyes appear to be at increased risk for this condition. Exposure to hydrocarbon fumes, metallic dust, and certain drugs, such as cocaine, may also raise a persons risk. Genetics may also play a part, as a small number of cases hav... |
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| What are the symptoms of Goodpasture Syndrome ? | The symptoms of Goodpasture syndrome may initially include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and weakness. The lungs are usually affected before or at the same time as the kidneys, and symptoms can include shortness of breath and coughing, sometimes with blood. The progression from initial symptoms to the lungs being affected... |
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| How to diagnose Goodpasture Syndrome ? | A health care provider may order the following tests to diagnose Goodpasture syndrome:
- Urinalysis. Urinalysis is testing of a urine sample. The urine sample is collected in a special container in a health care providers office or commercial facility and can be tested in the same location or sent to a... |
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| What are the treatments for Goodpasture Syndrome ? | Goodpasture syndrome is usually treated with
- immunosuppressive medications, such as cyclophosphamide, to keep the immune system from making antibodies - corticosteroid medications to suppress the bodys autoimmune response - plasmapheresisa procedure that uses a machine to remove blood from the body... |
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| What to do for Goodpasture Syndrome ? | Eating, diet, and nutrition have not been shown to play a role in causing or preventing Goodpasture syndrome. |
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| What to do for Goodpasture Syndrome ? | - Goodpasture syndrome is a pulmonary-renal syndrome, which is a group of acute illnesses involving the kidneys and lungs. Goodpasture syndrome includes all of the following conditions: - glomerulonephritis - the presence of anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies - bleeding in the lungs - Good... |
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| What is (are) Lupus Nephritis ? | Lupus nephritis is kidney inflammation caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus). SLE is an autoimmune diseasea disorder in which the bodys immune system attacks the bodys own cells and organs. Up to 60 percent of people with SLE are diagnosed with lupus nephritis, which can lead to significant illness and ... |
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| What is (are) Lupus Nephritis ? | The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Every day, the two kidneys filter about 120 to 150 of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid. The urine flows from the kidneys to the... |
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| What are the symptoms of Lupus Nephritis ? | The symptoms of lupus nephritis may include high blood pressure, foamy urine, and edemaswelling, usually in the legs, feet, or ankles and less often in the hands or face.
Kidney problems often develop at the same time or shortly after lupus symptoms appear and can include
- joint pain ... |
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| How to diagnose Lupus Nephritis ? | Lupus nephritis is diagnosed through urine and blood tests and a kidney biopsy:
- Urinalysis. Urinalysis is testing of a urine sample. The urine sample is collected in a special container in a health care providers office or commercial facility and can be tested in the same location or sent to a lab fo... |
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| What are the treatments for Lupus Nephritis ? | Lupus nephritis is treated with medications that suppress the immune system, so it stops attacking and damaging the kidneys. Standard treatment includes a corticosteroid, usually prednisone, to reduce inflammation in the kidneys. An immunosuppressive medication, such as cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mofetil, is typ... |
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| What are the complications of Lupus Nephritis ? | In many cases, treatment is effective in completely or partially controlling lupus nephritis, resulting in few, if any, further complications. However, even with treatment, 10 to 30 percent of people with lupus nephritis develop kidney failure, described as end-stage renal disease when treated with blood-filtering trea... |
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| What to do for Lupus Nephritis ? | Eating, diet, and nutrition have not been shown to play a role in causing or preventing lupus nephritis. People with kidney disease that progresses may need to talk with a health care provider about changes they may need to make to their diet. People with lupus nephritis and high blood pressure may benefit from reducin... |
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| What to do for Lupus Nephritis ? | - Lupus nephritis is kidney inflammation caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus). - The symptoms of lupus nephritis may include high blood pressure, foamy urine, and edema. - Lupus nephritis is diagnosed through urine and blood tests and a kidney biopsy. - Lupus nephritis is treated with medications th... |
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| What is (are) Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Children ? | Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder, meaning it is a problem caused by changes in how the GI tract works. Children with a functional GI disorder have frequent symptoms, but the GI tract does not become damaged. IBS is not a disease; it is a group of symptoms that occur together. The ... |
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| What is (are) Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Children ? | The GI tract is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. The movement of muscles in the GI tract, along with the release of hormones and enzymes, allows for the digestion of food. Organs that make up the GI tract are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large inte... |
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| How many people are affected by Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Children ? | Limited information is available about the number of children with IBS. Older studies have reported prevalence rates for recurrent abdominal pain in children of 10 to 20 percent.1 However, these studies did not differentiate IBS from functional abdominal pain, indigestion, and abdominal migraine. One study of children ... |
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| What are the symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Children ? | The symptoms of IBS include abdominal pain or discomfort and changes in bowel habits. To meet the definition of IBS, the pain or discomfort should be associated with two of the following three symptoms:
- start with bowel movements that occur more or less often than usual - start with stool that appea... |
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| What causes Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Children ? | The causes of IBS are not well understood. Researchers believe a combination of physical and mental health problems can lead to IBS. The possible causes of IBS in children include the following:
- Brain-gut signal problems. Signals between the brain and nerves of the small and large intestines, also ca... |
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| How to diagnose Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Children ? | To diagnose IBS, a health care provider will conduct a physical exam and take a complete medical history. The medical history will include questions about the childs symptoms, family members with GI disorders, recent infections, medications, and stressful events related to the onset of symptoms. IBS is diagnosed when t... |
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| What are the treatments for Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Children ? | Though there is no cure for IBS, the symptoms can be treated with a combination of the following:
- changes in eating, diet, and nutrition - medications - probiotics - therapies for mental health problems |
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| What to do for Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Children ? | Large meals can cause cramping and diarrhea, so eating smaller meals more often, or eating smaller portions, may help IBS symptoms. Eating meals that are low in fat and high in carbohydrates, such as pasta, rice, whole-grain breads and cereals, fruits, and vegetables may help.
Certain foods and drinks ... |
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| What to do for Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Children ? | - Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder, meaning it is a problem caused by changes in how the GI tract works. Children with a functional GI disorder have frequent symptoms, but the GI tract does not become damaged. - IBS is not a disease; it is a group of symptoms that occur tog... |
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| What is (are) What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ? | A UTI is an infection in the urinary tract. Infections are caused by microbesorganisms too small to be seen without a microscope. Bacteria * are the most common cause of UTIs. Normally, bacteria that enter the urinary tract are quickly removed by the body before they cause symptoms. But sometimes bacteria overcome the ... |
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| What causes What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ? | Most UTIs are caused by bacteria that live in the bowel, the part of the digestive tract where stool is changed from liquid to solid. The bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) causes most UTIs. The urinary tract has several systems to prevent infection. The points where the ureters attach to the bladder act like one-way... |
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| Who is at risk for What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection? ? | Any child can get a UTI, though girls get UTIs more often than boys.
Children with a condition called vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) are at higher risk for UTIs. VUR causes urine to reflux at the point where one or both ureters attach to the bladder. When urine stays in the urinary tract, bacteria have a ... |
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| What are the symptoms of What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ? | A child with a UTI may not have any symptoms. When symptoms are present, they can range from mild to severe. UTI symptoms can include
- fever - pain or burning during urination with only a few drops of urine at a time - irritability - not eating - nausea - diarrhea - vomiting - cloudy, dark, blo... |
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| How to diagnose What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ? | A UTI is diagnosed by testing a sample of your childs urine. The way the urine is collected depends on your childs age:
The health care provider looks at the urine sample with a microscope to check for bacteria or pus. The sample is also sent to a lab. The lab performs a urine culture by placing the sa... |
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| What are the treatments for What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ? | Bacteria-fighting medicines called antibiotics are used to treat a UTI. While the lab is doing the urine culture, the health care provider may begin treatment with an antibiotic that treats the bacteria most likely to be causing the infection. Once culture results are known, the health care provider may switch your chi... |
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| How to diagnose What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ? | Talk with your childs health care provider after your childs UTI is gone. The health care provider may want to do more tests to check for VUR or a blockage in the urinary tract. Repeated infections in an abnormal urinary tract may cause kidney damage. The kinds of tests ordered will depend on the child and the type of ... |
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| How to prevent What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ? | You can take the following steps to help prevent your child from getting a UTI:
- Teach your child not to hold in urine and to go to the bathroom whenever your child feels the urge. - Teach your child how to properly clean himself or herself after using the bathroom to keep bacteria from entering the ... |
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| What to do for What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ? | To help prevent a UTI, make sure your child drinks enough fluids each day. Talk with your childs health care provider to find out how much fluid your child should drink. |
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| What to do for What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ? | - A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in the urinary tract. Infections are caused by microbesorganisms too small to be seen without a microscope. - Most UTIs are caused by bacteria that live in the bowel, the part of the digestive tract where stool is changed from liquid to solid. - Any child can get a UT... |
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| What is (are) Overview of Kidney Disease in Children ? | The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Every day, the two kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid. Children produce less urine than... |
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| What causes Overview of Kidney Disease in Children ? | Kidney disease in children can be caused by
- birth defects - hereditary diseases - infection - nephrotic syndrome - systemic diseases - trauma - urine blockage or reflux
From birth to age 4, birth defects and hereditary diseases are the leading causes of kidney failure. Between ... |
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| How to diagnose Overview of Kidney Disease in Children ? | A health care provider diagnoses kidney disease in children by completing a physical exam, asking for a medical history, and reviewing signs and symptoms. To confirm diagnosis, the health care provider may order one or more of the following tests:
Urine Tests
Dipstick test for albumin.... |
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| What are the treatments for Overview of Kidney Disease in Children ? | Treatment for kidney disease in children depends on the cause of the illness. A child may be referred to a pediatric nephrologista doctor who specializes in treating kidney diseases and kidney failure in childrenfor treatment.
Children with a kidney disease that is causing high blood pressure may need ... |
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| What to do for Overview of Kidney Disease in Children ? | For children with CKD, learning about nutrition is vital because their diet can affect how well their kidneys work. Parents or guardians should always consult with their childs health care team before making any dietary changes. Staying healthy with CKD requires paying close attention to the following elements of a die... |
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| What to do for Overview of Kidney Disease in Children ? | - Kidney disease can affect children in various ways, ranging from treatable disorders without long-term consequences to life-threatening conditions. Acute kidney disease develops suddenly, lasts a short time, and can be serious with long-lasting consequences, or may go away completely once the underlying cause has bee... |
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| What is (are) Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ? | Acquired cystic kidney disease happens when a person's kidneys develop fluid-filled sacs, called cysts, over time. Acquired cystic kidney disease is not the same as polycystic kidney disease (PKD), another disease that causes the kidneys to develop multiple cysts.
Acquired cystic kidney disease oc... |
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| What is (are) Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ? | Acquired cystic kidney disease differs from PKD in several ways. Unlike acquired cystic kidney disease, PKD is a genetic, or inherited, disorder that can cause complications such as high blood pressure and problems with blood vessels in the brain and heart.
The following chart lists the differences:
... |
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| How many people are affected by Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ? | Acquired cystic kidney disease becomes more common the longer a person has CKD.
- About 7 to 22 percent of people with CKD already have acquired cystic kidney disease before starting dialysis treatments. - Almost 60 percent of people on dialysis for 2 to 4 years develop acquired cystic kidney disease.... |
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