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Final Assessment Categories Category Management Likelihood of cancer 0 Need additional imaging of prior examinations Recall for additional imaging and /or await prior examinations N/A 1 Negative Routine screening Essentially 0% 2 Benign Routine screening Essentially 0% 3 Probably Benign Sho interval-follow-up (6 month)... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Syndromic diagnosis by medical officer Integrated disease surveillance project (IDSP) IDSP is a decentralized state based surveillance system intended to detect early warning signals of impending outbreaks and helps initiate an effective response in a timely manner in urban and rural areas. It will al... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Kaolin cephalin clotting time is the older term to describe activated paial thromboplastin test, which is aimed at detecting the function of intrinsic pathway. In Kaolin cephalin clotting test, kaolin is used as a surface activator, it binds directly to Factor XII resulting in surface activation to XIIa. XIIa cleaves F... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Black bag | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Pellagra Niacin deficiency (B complex)Night blindnessVitamin A deficiencyOsteomalacia Vitamin D deficiencySpinocerebellar ataxiaVitamin E deficiency(ref:Harrison's 17/e p442) | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
In PCOD with Hirustism,drugs given are; a.oral contraceptive b.anti androgens Antiandrogens in PCOD Used are spironolactone, cyproterone acetate, Flutamide and Finasteride Spironolactone in a dose of 100-200 mg daily, blocks the androgen receptors, reduces it production and increases its metabolism and thus prevents hi... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
hypokalemia due to excessive potassium depletion in body ( Harrison 17 pg 2260) | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Polysaccharides such as starch & glycogen yield glucose units on hydrolysis. The major carbohydrate in diet is Starch. Starch on hydrolysis yield Glucose units. Also, most of the disaccharides yield glucose units on hydrolysis. Sucrose on hydrolysis yields glucose and fructose. Hence carbohydrates are mainly absorbed f... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Because chylomicrons contain the most triacylglycerol, they are the least dense of the blood lipoproteins. Because VLDL contains more protein than chylomicrons, it is denser than chylomicrons, but less dense than LDL. Because LDL is produced by the degradation of the triacylglycerols of VLDL, LDL is denser than VLDL. H... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. C: Ganciclovir Antiretroviral (ARV) drugs are broadly classified by the phase of the retrovirus life-cycle that the drug inhibits. Nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NI) inhibit reverse transcription by being incorporated into the newly synthesized viral DNA and preventing its fuher elonga... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Guillain-Barre syndrome often appears days to weeks after a viral upper respiratory or gastrointestinal (GI) infection. The initial symptoms are due to symmetric limb weakness. Paresthesia may be present. Unlike most other neuropathies, proximal muscles may be affected more than distal muscles early in the disease. Ten... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
An invasive mole rarely develops metastasis and hence presence of suburethral nodule should not be regarded as an indicator of conversion of hydatiform mole into an invasive mole. Ref: Donald School Textbook of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology By Kurjak, 2nd Edition, Page 251, 252; Essentials of Human Disease By... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
C i.e. Gallow's traction | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Pollutant Sources Carbon monoxide Combustion equipment,stove, Gas heater. Nitrogen dioxide Gas cookers, Cigarattes Sulphur dioxide Coal combustion Carbone dioxide Combustion, respiration Ozone Electric arcing, UV light sources | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Obstetric complications associated with twin pregnancy are polyhydramnios, pregnancy-induced hypeension, premature rupture of membranes, abnormal fetal presentations, and prolapse of the umbilical cord. Other complications of multiple bihs are IUGR and preterm delivery. Features of Monochorial twins: They are always mo... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Comparing the given history & options one by one: Reduced values of MCV and MCHC: microcytic hypochromic anemia (G6PD deficiency is ruled out) 6 year old and Punjabi ethnicity, history of repeated blood transfusions- in our of thalassemia Osmotic fragility is reduced: in our of thalassemia again though it may be seen i... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Becks triad is the cognitive triad of depression | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Treatment of choice is removal of foreign body by rigid bronchoscope with appropriate antibiotics. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Desflurane is an irritant if used for induction can cause larygospasm. Desflurane is the most pungent of the volatile agents and may result in a cough, laryngospasm, and bronchospasm and so is not routinely used for induction in children. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Terfanadine Terfanadine is a second generation antihistaminics. Advantages of second generation Antihistaminics. o Higher H1 selectivity, no anticholinergic side effects. o Absence of CNS depressant propey o Additional antiallergic mechanism apa from histamine block. o No impairment of psychomotor per... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Subjective feeling of well being Ouality of life o The level of living and standard of living are objective criteria of well being, while quality of life comprises the individual's own subjective evaluation of these. o Recent definition of quality of life is as follows "a composite measure of physical... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Mid-esophageal diveicula caused by traction from adjacent inflammation classically tuberculosis. They are true diveicula involving all layers of the esophageal wall. Reference: Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
A i.e. Paralysis of accommodation In diptheria ciliary muscle never escape, hence there is almost always paralysis of accommodation Q. Pupils often escapes hence pupillary reflex is normal. Isolated ocular palsies are common External opthalmoplegia is rare. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Therapeutic misadventure is a mischance or an accident or a disaster. Therapeutic misadventure is a case in which n individual has been injured or had died due to some unintentional act by a doctor or agent of the doctor or hospital. Vicarious liability is liability for act of others i.e. an employer is responsible not... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The clinical features are those of pericarditis with effusion, and the most common causes of hemorrhagic pericarditis are metastatic carcinoma and tuberculosis. An effusion of this size is sufficient to produce some cardiac tamponade that diminishes cardiac output; the paradoxical drop in pressure (more than 10 mm Hg) ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Trachea: - Trachea is a flexible tube that extends from veebral level C6 in the lower neck to veebral level T 4 / 5 in the mediastinum where it bifurcates into a right and a left main bronchus. Measurement of trachea: - Parameters Average Minimum Maximum A - P diameter (mm) Male Female Male Female Male Female 18.82 13.... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
air borne contact dermatitis is diagnosed by patch testing with the specific allergen. eg: pahenium is the common allergen tested using patch test. IADVL TEXTBOOK OF DERMATOLOGY, INDIAN PATCH TEST SERIES PAGE 581. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
b. Mumps(Ref: Nelsons' 20/e p 1552-1553, Ghai 8/e p 217-218)CNS complications of Mumps include Meningoencephalitis, transverse myelitis, aqueductal stenosis & facial palsy. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Dermatiphytids - Hypersensitivity to dermatophyte antigen may occur which leads to appearence of secondary eruption in sensitized patients because of circulation of allergic products. These lesions are indistinguishable , but these lesions are distinct from the primary ringworm lesion as they occur distal to primary si... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Measure of dispersion Mean detion is an absolute measure of variation or dispersion. Mean detion (MD) It is the average of the detion from the arithmetic mean. MD -- E (x - )1) 11 o To calculate the mean detion following steps to be followed - First calculate the arithmetic mean. Then every single val... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(A) (Burkitt's lymphoma) (456 - HM) (453- Basic pathology 8th)Burkitt's lymphoma - The tumour cells have a very high mitotic rate, and therefore high cell death. This features accounts for presence of numerous macrophages in the background of this tumour containing phagocytosed tumour debris giving it a "starry sky app... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Zonation from the central immature zone of undifferentiated highly active cells to the peripheral mature zone of well-oriented bone is characteristic. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Malaria o All components, including RBCs, WBCs, platelet concentrates, granulocyte concentrates, fresh plasma and cryoprecipitate can transmit malaria. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Fungus * Tissue specimens such as skin scarpings, are generally examined as wet mounts after treatment with 10% KOH.* KOH (alkali) digests cells and other tissue materials, enabling the fungus elements to be seen clearly. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The given image shows lucency along the medial pa of left hemi-diaphragm and lateral aspect of aoa - known as Naclerio V sign. Seen in Boerhaave syndrome Naclerio V sign (X- ray) CT Hilum Overlay Sign - If the pulmonary vessels are visible through the lesion/mass (not obscured by the mass) then it means that the mass/l... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
HIV PCR, a nucleic acid amplification test for HIV RNA, has recently been shown to be the most valuable test for: monitoring a patient's progress during triple drug therapy and determining the chances of progression to AIDS. A viral load of 750,000 copies per ml significantly increases the chance of progression to AIDS... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Case fatality rate represents the killing power of the disease. It's simply the ratio of deaths to diseases. Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 66 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The morphologic consequences of embolic occlusion of the pulmonary arteries depend on the size of the embolic mass and the general state of the circulation.
Large emboli may impact in the main pulmonary artery or its major branches or lodge at the bifurcation as a saddle embolus. Sudden death often ensues, owing largel... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Effects of lipoxins (LXA4, LXB4) are
Inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis and leukocyte recruitment (major action).
Vasodilatation
Promote monocytic phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer is B (Diabetes mellitus): Insulin is a pancreatic hormone, not under the control of pituitary. Transection of the pituitary stalk would therefore in no way affect glucose levels or lead to diabetes mellitus. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Fat necrosis Fat necrosisFat necrosis may be of two types : -Enzymatic fat necrosiso This is due to the action of lipase on adipose tissue,o It occurs most frequently in acute pancreatitis due to leakage of lipase,o Depending on the severity of acute pancreatitis, fat necrosis may occur in : -Adipose ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Mucosa is involved only in P.vulgaris not in P.Foliaceous | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. B i.e. Stores spermsSperms are stored in epididymis | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Onlay restorations have many clinical applications and may be desired by many patients. These restorations have a well-deserved reputation for providing excellent service. The cast-metal onlay restoration spans the gap between the inlay, which is primarily an intracoronal restoration, and the full crown, which is a tot... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. 'd' i.e., Optic chiasma o Characteristic visual field defect of the central chiasmatic lesion is bitemporal hemianopia. Pituitary tumor causes a central chiasmatic lesion. o Bitemporal hemianopia results due to central (sagittal) lesion of the optic chiasma. common causes of which are tumors of the pituitary gland... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
- Among the given options, only diclofenac sodium is acidic and remains unionized in the acidic medium of the stomach. Other drugs are basic in nature. So diclofenac has higher chances of getting absorbed from gastric mucosa. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
• The usual media employed for cultivation of diphtheria bacillus are
1) Loeffler’s serum slope
■ It is used for rapid diagnosis as growth is shown within 4-8 hours.
2) Tellurite blood agar (Tinsdale medium)
■ It acts as selective media, as tellurite inhibits the growth of most other bacteria.
■ Growth may take two day... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) represents a spectrum of lymphoproliferative disorders affecting the skin. Two different clinical types of malignant T-cell disorders were originally recognized: mycosis fungoides, a chronic proliferative process; and a more aggressive nodular eruptive variant, mycosis fungoides d'emblé... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Strangulation | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Motor neurons (option 2) develop from neural tube (Neural plate ectoderm), hence may not be affected in dysgenesis of neural crest cells (NCCs). Melanocytes (option 1) , Parafollicular cells (option 3) or spinal ganglion cells (option 4) are derived from NCCs, and are compromised in this scenario. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Parasites causing malabsorption are Giardia lamblia E.histolytica Strongyloides Cyclospora Capillaria philippinensis Adult Ascaris are large: females are 20-50 cm long, and males are 15-30 cm long. Humans acquire the infection after eggs are ingested; larvae hatch in the duodenum, penetrate through the mucosa, migrate ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (A) Nicorandil(Ref: Harrison 12th/1862)Nicorandil is the agent that causes coronary dilation by activating myocardial ATP sensitive K+ channels. Inaddition it possesses NO releasing property; to which tolerance does not develop. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (b) Ankyrin(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 632; 8th/pg 642)Most common mutation:Hereditary spherocytosis is Ankyrin>Band-3>spectrinHereditary elliptocytosis is Spectrin | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
o Resting cells are in G0 phase of cell cycle and need to be recruited into the G, stage and beyond in order to replicate. The entry and progression of cells through the cell cycle is controlled by changes in levels and activities of cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs), and their inhibitors. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(A) Lords' procedure # Hydrocele is a collection of serous fluid that results from a defect or irritation in the tunica vaginalis of the scrotum. Hydroceles also may arise in the spermatic cord or the canal of Nuck.> Structurally, hydroceles are classified into 3 principal types.> In a communicating (congenital) hydroc... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Trans peptidases, or penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) (c), are inactivated when bound to penicillin. Altered PBPs no longer bind the b-lactam antibiotic. The acquisition of a new PBP or modification of the existing one is the mechanism by which S. pneumoniae, the most likely etiologic of this child's meningitis, beco... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ANSWER: (D) DiverticulosisREF: Sutton 7th ed vol 1 page 645See PLATE R-39 KEY PLATE R-39 KEYDIVERTICULAR DISEASE: Diverticulosis & DiverticulitisDiverticulosis: Mucosal herniation through vascular entry sites into the pericolic fat often between the mesenteric and antimesenteric taeniae.Diverticulitis: Superimposed inf... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Hepatic urea synthesis takes place in pa in the mitochondrial matrix and in pa in the cytosol. Ref: Harper 28th edition, chapter 28. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(FDA-NDA-Post marketing survillance) | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Foification spectra are more complicated images that can float in your vision during a migraine. These get their name from their resemblance to an aerial view of an intricately built fo. Ref ganong's review of medical physiology 25e p874 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ANSWER: (B) Women in reproductive age group in a given yearREF: Parks textbook 20th edition page419Repeat from December 2008General fertility rate: Number of live births per 1000 women in reproductive age group in a given yearGeneral marital fertility rate: Number of live births per 1000 married women in reproductive a... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
A i.e. Associated with muscle tendon rupture Myositis Ossificans (M.O) / Hetrotropic Ossification It is hetrotropic calcification and ossification in muscle tissue. The name is misnomer as there is no myositis (inflammation of muscle) and rarely ossification in the muscle (because the mineral phase differs from that in... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Collimation is a process by which x-ray beam size is reduced and thereby decrease the patient exposure.
It is made up of metallic barrier usually Pb with an aperture in the middle to reduce the size of the x-ray beam.
Most state regulations require that the x-ray beam used in intraoral radiography be collimated so ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
In 20-30 year old patients Minimum Alveolar Concentration(MAC)for Halothane. 0.75 Isoflurane. 1.15 Sevoflurane. 1.85 Desflurane. 6 From Tripati 7th edition | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The circumcision that is done soon after bih in infancy gives almost complete immunity against Ca penis, but that done later in life does not have the same effect, so Muslims circumcised between the ages of 4 and 9 years are still liable to the disease. About Ca Penis Most common histological type is - sq. cell Ca (98%... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., At any time he wishes The judge may ask any question, in any form, about any fact, relevant or irrelevant, at any stage of the examination to clear up doubts. Recording of evidence After oath administration, the evidence is recorded under following steps :- Examination in chief (direct examination) : ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Tensor tympani is called as Toynbee muscle origin, the cailaginous pa of the pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube and the walls of its hemicanal just above the bony poion of the pharyngotympanic tube; inseion, handle of malleus; action, draws the handle of the malleus medially tensing the tympanic membrane to protect it fr... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer is B (Ventricular fibrillation) Asynchronous cardioversion is ito ino.st reliable method for terminating V.F. Electrical cardioversion and defibrillation are the most reliable methods for termination of arrhythmias. These methods depolarize all or at least a large poion of excitable myocardium in a near homogeno... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS: Very thick and strong fibrous bands. Direct bonds of union between tibia and fibula. Maintain anteroposterior stability of knee joint. Anterior cruciate ligament:- Begins from anterior pa of intercondylar area of tibia, runs upward, backward and laterally and is attached to the posterior pa of media... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Radio-ulnar joints o Forearm rotation (supination & pronation) occurs at radio-ulnar joint complexQ i.e.y Superior (proximal) radioulnar jointInferior (distal) radioulnar jointMiddle radioulnar joint | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. Injury | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. A (Arylsulfatase B). (Ref. Harrison, Medicine, 18th/ Chapter 361. Lysosomal Storage Diseases) Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome (MPS type VI) is due to deficiency of N-acetyl galactosamine (arylsulphatase B enzyme). Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) Disorder Enzyme Deficiency Stored Material Inheri- tance Neuro- logic Liver Splee... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans: A (Frank breech) Ref: DC Dutta's textbook of obstetrics, 7th edn, pg 374Explanation:BreechMC malpresentationMC cause - prematurityEtiologyPrematurity* Maternal factors* Fetal factors* Uterine factors- multi- anomalies (hydrocephalus)- bicomuate, septate, arcuate uterus* Pelvic factors* Placental factors- contracte... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Yellow fever | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Benzodiazepines are the drug of choice in alcohol withdrawal. If the question asks to choose a specific benzodiazepine, the best choice would be chlordiazepoxide. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., CytosolNADPH is produced mainly in HMP shunt, which occurs cytosol.HMP is an alternative route for the oxidation of glucose (beside glycolysis).It is also called as "pentose phosphate pathway", "Dickens - Horecker pathway", "Shunt pathway" or "phosphogluconate oxidative pathway".HMP shunt is required ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. a. Levetiracetam (Ref: Harrison 19/e p2544, 18/e p3265. 3253)Levetiracetam can be prescribed as monotherapy in a female patient of childbearing age is on valproate for JME, because of no known significant drug interactions. Treatment of Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy:Valproate is often used to treat juvenile myocloni... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (b) 30Ref: K. Park 23rd ed. / 907* PHC level: 4 to 6 bed and staff 15 and 1 MBBS and medical officer* CHC level: 30 beds and 30 staff including 7 doctors MD/MS/OBS/GYNE/ PEDIA/ OPTHA/ANES/PSM* Sub center level: zero bed and 3 staff. MPW (1 male and l female)/ ANM (auxiliary nurse midwife). | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
For calculating hea rate: HR-300/ Number of large squares(0.20 secs) in one R-R interval HR-1500/no of small squares (0.04 secs) in one R-R interval | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome Small deletion of band q11.2 on the long arm of chromosome 22 Congenital hea defects(conotruncal abnormalities) Abnormalities of the palate Facial dysmorphism Developmental delay Variable degrees of T-cell immunodeficiency and hypocalcemia -The patient suffering from DiGeorge syndro... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Kyasanur forest disease: KFD is an example of tick-borne hemorrhagic fever. It was first repoed in Kyasanur forest of Karnataka, Shimoga district, n 1957. Vector: Hard ticks (Haemaphysalis spinigera). Hosts: Reservoirs are the rats and squirrels, Amplifier hosts are the monkeys (KFD is known as Monkey's disease). Man i... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(Cyanide): Ref: 296-KH (92-P)TOBACCO AMBLYOPIA: -Toxic agent involved cyanide fond in tobacco.Excessive tobacco smoking Decreased cyanide detoxification due to alcoholics dietary deficiency of sulphur rich proteins| |Excessive cyanide in blood | Degeneration of ganglion cells particularly of the macular region | Degene... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Nernst equation: A freely diffusible ion, having different concentrations on either side of a membrane, would diffuse through the membrane and reach equilibrium. Charge created by diffusion on the membrane, when ion reaches equilibrium, can be calculated by Nernst equation. EMF (mV) = +/- 61 X log (C1/C2) C1 and C2: ar... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The latissimus dorsi acts on the humerus causing powerful adduction, extension, and medial rotation of the arm. Superior fibers of the trapezius cause scapular elevation and upward rotation. Middle fibers causes scapular retraction. Inferior fibers causes scapular depression and upward rotation. The levator scapula mus... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
For an elective cesarean section, We need a level upto T4 which cannot be achieved by Saddle Anaesthesia. Advantages of spinal anesthesia over general anesthesia are: Less neonatal exposure to potentially depressant drugs A decreased risk of maternal pulmonary aspiration An awake mother at the bih of her child Spinal o... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
When ultrasound examination reveals a sac without an embryo or yolk sac, the diagnosis is limited to one of three entities:
A normal early intrauterine pregnancy (IUP).
An abnormal intrauterine pregnancy (IUP).
A pseudogestational sac in a patient with an ectopic pregnancy. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is a, b and c i.e. Vaginal bleeding; ECV; Mid trimester aboion; and After amniocentesis As explained in the previous question : Anti D prophylaxis should be given after all types of aboions (threatened, medical. MTP) molar pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, delivery (+manual removal of placenta), procedures performed a... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
By 11th to 12th-day cells appear between the inner surface of the cytotrophoblast and the outer surface of the yolk sac.
These cells lie loosely and are called extraembryonic mesoderm. A cavity formed within it called the extraembryonic coelom or chorionic cavity.
This covers both the yolk sac and amniotic cavity exc... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans: a (Macrophages) Ref: Robbins,7th ed, p. 71; Ananthanarayan, 7th ed, p. 144; Table 16-2TNF and IL1 are the main mediators of inflammation. They are produced mainly by the activated macrophages.Cytokines and their main sourcesILl, IL 8- MacrophagesIL 2, 3, 9, 10, 12, 13- T cellsIL 4, 5, 6- Helper cellsIL 7, 11- Stro... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Acquisition of milestones in a sequence that is different from the usual -Dence. Ex: Walking may come before crawling in cerebral palsy. Dissociation- Significant variations in attainment of milestones in different developmental domains. Delay is when child does not reach their developmental milestones at the expected ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Iris melanomas may be of two types :-
Circumscribed/ Nodular: - It is the most common type which presents as a pigmented spot on the iris. Glaucoma is less common and usually treatable.
Diffuse iris melanoma: - Present as a unilateral dark iris (hyperchromic hetrochromia). The tumor has diffusely infiltration pattern ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Right atrium Veinous drainage of heart1. Coronary sinus: Opens into right atrium and has following tributries : (i) Great cardiac vein, (ii) Middle cardiac vein, (iii) Posterior vein of left ventricule, (iv) Small cardiac vein, (v) Oblique vein of left atrium and (vi) Sometimes right marginal vein.2. ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
*Toxoplasmosis and CNS lymphoma are the major differentials for a Ring Enhancing lesion in AIDS Patients Toxoplasmosis produces Eccentric target sign within a ring Enhancing lesion | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Mechanism of Action: Vigabatrin is an irreversible inhibitor of GABA aminotransferase (GABA-T), the enzyme responsible for the degradation of GABA. It may also inhibit the vesicular GABA transpoer. Vigabatrin produces a sustained increase in the extracellular concentration of GABA in the brain. This leads to some desen... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
A shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to the right in response to increases in blood carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions has a significant effect by enhancing the release of oxygen from the blood in the tissues and enhancing oxygenation of the blood in the lungs. This is called the Bohr effect,
Deoxyhemoglob... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
a. Morphine(Ref: AAP guidelines 2015)Causes of respiratory depression in neonateIntrapartum asphyxia (most common causeQDrugs: Morphine anestheticsSepsisPrematurity: CNS immaturity, surfactant deficiencyRespiratory: Diaphragmatic hernia, obstructive lesionsCNS abnormalities: Malformation, trauma, myopathy | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Submental triangle is bounded by anterior belly of digastric (laterally), midline of the neck b/w the mandible & the hyoid bone (medially) & base of hyoid bone.Mylohyoid muscle is at the floor & submental lymph nodes are the content. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
the synopsis of forensic medicine & toxicology; Dr k.s narayan reddy ;28th edition; pg.no.143 Mechanism of contrecoup injury when a moving head is suddenly decelerated by hitting a firm surface. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Lateral border of tongue is the most common site of squamous cell carcinoma.
Carcinoma of the tongue accounts for more than 50% of intraoral cancers in the United States. Two-thirds of lingual carcinomas appear as painless, indurated masses or ulcers of the posterior lateral border; 20% occur on anterior lateral or ven... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Klinefelters syndrome | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
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