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Ans. b. Oral isotretinoin Oral isotretinoin is the preferred treatment option for acne in a 24-year old girl with multiple nodules, cysts and intercommunicating sinuses | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Alkaline phosphataseRegan enzyme (isoenzyme) is the isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase.It arises from placenta know as carcinoplacental enzyme.It is elevated in about 15% fo cases of carcinoma of lung, liver and gut. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Harrison's principles of internal medicine 17th edition. *Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy is the most common heritable neuromuscular disorder with an incidence of 17 -40 cases per 100,000 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Lesser sac (Omental bursa) is left posterior intraperitoneal space, also called left subhepatic space. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The laboratory results indicate that the aerial pH, aerial PCO2, and plasma HCO3- concentrations are all low. These changes clearly demonstrate metabolic acidosis, which occurs commonly when a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor is administered. The carbonic anhydrase enzyme attached to the brush border of the tubular epithel... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
M.C. position of veex is Left occipito Transverse(40%) LOT > LOA M.C. malposition of veex presenting pa is Right Occiputo posterior. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The cholangiocyte is a target of an immune-mediated inflammatory response, as is characteristic of primary biliary cirrhosis Primary biliary cirrhosis Primary biliary cirrhosis is occurs predominantly in women. Patients may present with jaundice, pruritus and fatigue is common. The skin is often hyperpigmented and dete... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans: a (Amenorrhoea) Ref: Ahuja, 6th ed, 157; Kaplan & Sadock, 8th ed, p. 2012Amenorrhoea is not a feature of bulimia nervosa; it is seen in anorexia nervosaFluoxetine is an anti-depressant that has been approved for use in bulimia nervosaCharacteristics of anorexia nervosa and Bulimia nervosaClinical CharacteristicsAn... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Treatment of anal condyloma depends on the location and extent of disease. Small was on the perianal skin and distal anal canal may be treated by the topical application of bichloracetic acid or podophyllin. Imiquimod is an immunomodulator that recently was introduced for topical treatment of several viral infections, ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The fern test can determine the presence or absence of ovulation or the time of ovulation. When cervical mucus is spread on a clean, dry slide and allowed to dry in air, it may or may not assume a frondlike pattern when viewed under the microscope. The fern frond pattern indicates an estrogenic effect on the mucus with... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Dental anchorage in which the manner and application of force tend to displace the anchorage unit bodily in the plane of space in which the force is being applied is termed stationary anchorage. If a tooth can be grasped with an appliance in such a manner that any movement requires the tooth to move without any change ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. a (USG cranium). (Ref. Grainger, Diagnostic Radiology, 4th ed., 2469)Cranial ultrasound of Infants# USG cranium is best method to diagnose hydrocephalus through the anterior and posterior fontanalles.# Progression of hydrocephalus can be estimated by comparison with previous studies.# USG is also helpful in follow... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Continuous incontinence | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Prions o Prions are infectious particle which contains protein onlyo They do not have nucleic acid. Prions have been defined as -Small proteinaceous infectious particle which resist inactivation by procedures that modify nucleic acids. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Toxic Multinodular goiter C/F- Palpitations Weight loss Increased appetite. Ix - | T3 ,T4 , | TSH Negative TSH-R ab. USG - Multiple nodules Isotope scan- Several areas of increased uptake. Rx After achieving euthyroid state , Near total thyroidectomy is preferred Near total Thyroidectomy- Leaving < 1 gram of thyroid ti... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e.. Acute Pulmonary Embolismo Acute Pulmonary! Embolism is the most common cause of Preventable Hospital DeathAcute Pulmonary Embolism is the third most common cause of hospital death in the united states after heart failure and cancer.Acute Pulmonary Embolism is the most common cause of preventable hospi... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
DNA hypomeyhylating agents are used in the treatment of myelodyplastic syndromes The agents in this group include Azacytidine Decitabine Refer Harrison 17th/671 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Sputum can be disinfected using 5% cresol or autoclaving or by boiling. Mycobacterial tuberculosis is resistant to chlorhexidine, acids and alkalies. Of the phenols o-phenylphenol is effective, alcohols, formaldehyde, formaldehyde alcohol, iodine alcohol and ethylene oxide are tuberculocidal agents. Disinfectants commo... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Seven of the reactions of glycolysis are reversible and are used in the synthesis of glucose by gluconeogenesis. Thus, seven enzymes are common to both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis : (i) Phosphohexose isomerase; (ii) Aldolase; (iii) Phosphotriose isomerase, (iv) Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; (v) Phosphogl... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Serum calcium should be estiamated in this baby to rule out hypocalcemia. Infants of diabetic mothers are at high risk of developing Hypoglycemia Hypocalcemia Hypomagnesemia Hypocalcemia is defined as a total serum calcium concentration of less than 8 mg/dl for a term baby and less than 7 mg/dl for a preterm baby. Ref:... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Subarachnoid hemorrhage Rupture of sacular Berry aneurysm which is usually located in one of the vessels in the Circle of Willis. Berry aneurysm occurs due to congenital defect or degenerative change in the muscle layer and internal elastic lamina. Only the initimal layer and adventitia of the aery form the dome of the... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
In secondary healing :
More granulation tissue and fibrosis occurs.
Scar is loss cosmetic.
Secondary healing occurs slower.
Surgical wounds are clean cut, hence they heal by secondary healing. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
.GALLSTONE ILEUS is a type of acute intestinal obstruction, often seen in elderly and is due to blockage by a bolus or mass of gallstones which commonly enter the intestine through cholecystoduodenal fistula or rarely through cholecystointestinal or -gastric fistulas .Gallstones in the gallbladder | Cholecystitis | Sup... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. B i.e. Fetal pas palpation | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. Opticneuritis | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b i.e., Double stranded Anti-DNA is specific for SLE "Antibodies to double - stranded DNA and the Smith (Sm) antigen are viually diagnostic of SLE". -- Robbins Antibodies in SLE SLE is an autoimmune disease and the fundamental defect is a failure of mechanism that mantain self tolerance. o Failure of tolerance... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans is 'c' i.e., Kyanasur Forest disease KFD is a febrile disease associated with haemorrhages caused by an arbovirus flavivirus and is transmitted to man by bile of infective hard ticks. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Chaperones attach to nascent polypeptide chains and prevent wrong foldings so that folding is allowed only in the correct direction. They help in the assembly of teiary and quaternary structure of protein. They are not pa of mature protein. They have ATPase activity. Ref: Vasudevan Biochemistry, 3rd Edition, Page 361 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., VP reaction (+)ve o El Tor Vibrio has following characteristics (in comparison to classical vibrio)i) It is much hardier than classical vibrios, capable of surviving in the environment much longer.ii) The severity of illness is much less, with a large proportion of mild and asymptomatic infections.iii... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. d. End tidal capnography (Ref: Bethune, R. W. M., and Brechner, V. L. (1968). Detection of venous air embolism by carbon dioxide monitoring. Anesthesiology, 29, 178)Brechner and Bethune are associated with end-tidal capnography. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Rectified spirit cannot be used as a preservative in the following poisoning cases: kerosene Alcohol Phenol Phosphorus Paraldehyde Acetic acid Ref: FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY Dr PC IGNATIUS THIRD EDITION PAGE 404 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Tetracycline - Binds reversibly to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, blocking the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the acceptor site on the m-RNA ribosome complex. Chloramphenicol - It binds reversibly to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and inhibits peptide bond formation. Macrolides - Inhibit the transl... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Mitral stenosis Radiological signs of mitral stenosisDue to left atrial enlargement :- Straightening of left heart border, elevation of left main bronchus with widening of carina, double atrial shadow (Double density sign), posterior displacement of esophagus on barium swallow, Prominent posterosuperi... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. b. B.P.>140/90 mm HgCriteria for severe Preeclampsia:A persistent SBP of > 160 mm Hg systolic or DBP of > 110 mmHgPersistent severe epigastric painCerebral or visual disturbancesOliguria <400ml/24hrProtein excretion of > 5gm/dayHELLP syndromeRetinal haemorrhage, exudates or papilledemaIntrauterine growth restricti... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Regulation of TCA Cycle 1. As the primary function of TCA cycle is to provide energy, respiratory control the ETC and oxidative phosphorylation exes the main control. SECTION FOUR 2. In addition to this overall and coarse control, several enzymes of TCA cycle are also impoant in the regulation. Three Key enzymes are: *... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Autoinfection is seen in- C- Cryptosporidium parvum H- H. nana E- Enterobius vermicularis S- Strongyloides stercoralis T- Taenia solium Reference- Paniker Textbook of Parasitology 8th Ed pg no 148 Q209 Smallest helminth..... Sol- - H-nana (Dwarf tapeworm) - smallest tapeworm with an adult length of 15-44mm - H. diminut... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Antrochoanal polyp is usually single and unilateral. More tendency to grow posteriorly and do not bleed. Unilateral nasal obstruction is the presenting symptom. Obstruction may become bilateral when polyp grows posteriorly into the nasopharynx and stas obstructing the opposite choana. (Ref - PL DHINGRA diseases of ear ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
B i.e. Inquest repo | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Herald patch or mother patch is a characteristic feature of Pityriasis rosea Pityriasis rosea is a type of skin rash.Classically, it begins with a single red and slightly scaly area known as a "herald patch". This is then followed, days to weeks later, by a pink whole body rash. It typically lasts less than three month... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Metoprolol is a cardioselective (b1 selective) blocker and not b2 selective. Esmolol is the shoest acting b -blocker and is useful for acute treatment. Nadolol is a non-selective b-blocker. It blocks both b1 as well as b2 receptors. Propanolol possesses maximum local anaesthetic activity whereas timolol lacks this prop... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Fatal dose of methyl alcohol is 60-250 ml in adults, but as little is 15 ml can cause blindness. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Waste such as anatomical waste , solid waste,soiled waste , chemical waste is collected in yellow coloured bag and treated and disposed by incineration | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans: D (Action potentials) Ref: W F Ganong. Vision. In: Review of Medical Physiology. 23rd ed. California: McGraw-Hill Companies; 2010.Explanation:"Unlike most neurons, bipolar cells communicate via graded potentials, rather than action potentials "Genesis of Electrical Responses in RetinaElectrical responses of most o... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Anterior mediastinum - Thymona.
Middle mediastinum - Tortuous innominate artery.
Posterior mediastinum : Bochdalek's hernia. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. A i.e. Goodpasture syndrome Goodpasture's syndrome is a type II hypersensitivity-like reaction | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Rate of progression of CIN | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. B: 2 months of treatment The treatment in Category I consists of an intensive phase of H, R, Z and E administered under a direct supervision thrice weekly on alternate days for 2 months, followed by a continuation phase of H and R thrice weekly on alternate days for 4 months In the Category 1 follow-up, sputum exa... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Among given options Central obesity is seen in Cushing's disease. CUSHING'S DISEASE: Form of Cushing's syndrome in which pituitary gland releases too much of ACTH Features of Cushing's syndrome: Moon facies Centripetal Obesity Proximal myopathy Violet/ purple Striae, Thin skin, Purpura Buffalo hump Weight gain / Lemon ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Pellagra Pellagra occurs due to Vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency Pellagra is characterized by by 4D's : 1.Diarrhoea 2.Dermatitis 3.Dementia 4.Death. Skin rash in Pellagra may appear as pigmented and scaly in areas exposed to sunlight. Especially neck when it is known as 'Casal's Necklace' Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 65... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer is C (Anagrelide ) This is a case of essential thrombocytosis. Interferon a and Anagrelide are the recommended treatment modalities for reducing platelet count in this disorder. Previous editions of Harrisons and most other texts recommend hydroxyurea as the standard modality of treatment, but in view of the tex... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Physical quality of life index (PQLI) includes Infant moality rate, Life expectancy at 1 year and literacy. Ref: Park, 20th Edition, Page 16. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Trichophyton | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
3rd stage of labour. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (a) Multiple myelomaRef.'.Apley's 8/e, p 191) | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ANSWER: (D) c AMP pathwayREF: Guyton 12th ed pg 948Glucagon causes glycogenolysis in the liver and this in turn increases the blood glucose levels by the following mechanismGlucagon activates adenylyl cyclase in the hepatic cell membraneThis causes formation of cAMPActivation of protein kinase regulator proteinActivati... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (d) All of aboveRef: Bailey & Love 26th ed. 1899-900* Buerger's disease is an inflammation of the arteries, veins, and nerves in the legs, principally, leading to restricted blood flow. Left untreated, Buerger's disease can lead to gangrene of the affected areas. Buerger's disease is also known as thrombo-angitis ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Trichophyton . Dermatophytes can be identified by their colonial appearance and microscopic morphology after growth for 2 weeks at 25degc on sabouraud's dextrose agar. . Differential diagnosis of Dermatophytes on the basis of Macroconidia and microconidia General Microconidia Macroconidia Trichophyton... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Tumors of the CNS Gardner syndrome is a variant of the disease 'familial adenomatous polyposis' (FAP), an inherited disease that is characterised by gastrointestinal polyps, multiple osteomas (benign bone tumours), thyroid tumors, dental abnormalities and skin and soft tissue tumours. Polyps tend to form at pubey with ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The earliest symptom of many patients with acoustic neuroma is mild unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Tinnitus is common, veigo may or may not be present. Acoustic neuromas arise predominantly from the superior half of the vestibular poion of the vestibulocochlear nerve. Very large tumors may cause brain stem comp... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (c) Stage 2 NREM(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.273)Stage 2 NREMWaves with frequency 12-14Hz called sleep spindles seenhigh voltage biphasic waves called K complexes also seen | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE. Serum alkaline phosphatase is produced by many tissues, especially bone, liver, intestine and placenta and is excreted in the bile. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Bunion Painful bony bump that develops on the inside of the foot at the MTP of great toe associated with Hallux Valgus Hallux Calgus is the lageral detion of the greater toe with prominence of the 1st MTP Pathology: Prominence of the first metatarsal head is due to subluxation of the MTP joint; increasing shoe pressure... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(d) Acromegaly(Ref. Scott Brown, 6th ed., 4/8/29)Acromegaly occurring due to growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma is characterised by enlargement of the nose. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Mediate response of extracellular hormones and neurotransmitter | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Heroine : Smack, Junk, Brown Sugar, Tar Heroine + cocaine: Speed Ball Amphetamine: Superman's Drug, Speed Crystal MDMA: Ecstasy, Rave Drug, Club Drug, Hug drug MDMA + marijuana:Love boat LSD: Battery Acid, Golden Dragon, Heavenly Blue, Hippie Ketamine; Super K, Purple Drug Morphine: Miss Emma, God's Machine | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Cereal pulse rationis 3:1.sprouted pulses have more nutrients.rice water left after cooking should be mixed with dal if these are cooked seperately.fermentation improves nutritive value.REF.PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE.Editon-21.Page no.-612. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Type III hyperlipoproteinemia is due to defect in ApoE. Chylomicron remnants and VLDL remnants gets elevated in the body. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Celiac plexus is present on the anterior side of the aorta around the beginning of celiac trunk .
It lies over the anterolateral surface of the aorta at the T12 / L1 vertebral level.
Celiac plexus is retroperitoneal and located behind the stomach and the omental bursa, and in front of the crura of the diaphragm.
In pi... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., TriazolamLong actingT 1/2 Clinical UsesFlurazepam50-100 (Longest)Chronic Insomnia, short - term insomnia with anxiety; Frequent nocturnal awakening; Night before operation.Diazepam30-60 Nitrazepam30Short acting Alprazolam12Individuals who react unfavourably to unfamiliar surroundings or unusual timing... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Split russel traction * In children, conservative treatment is given by:-i) 0-2 yeas : - Plaster spica or modified Bryant or Gallow's traction or pavllic harness (< 6 month of age).ii) 2-10 years: - Split Russel tractioniii) 10-15 years : - 90-90deg femoral skeletal traction. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Causes of Facial Nerve Palsy:- Most common cause is idiopathic bell's palsy paralysis acute onset Bell's palsy idiopathic, Ipsilateral lower motor neuron palsy Loss of forehead and brow movements Inability to close eyes drooping of eyelids Loss of nasolabial folds, drooping of lower lip Herpes zoster oticus/Ramsey hunt... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Peroneus brevis Muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg and dorsum of the footMusclesNerve supplyAction1. Tibialis anteriorDeep peroneal nervea) Dorsiflexor of footb) Invertor of the footc) Keeps the leg vertical while walking on uneven groundd) Maintains medial longitudinal arch of the foot2. ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Baker's cyst:- It is a pulsion diveiculum of knee joint.- It usually found in the posterior aspect of the knee joint.- It is associated with medial meniscal injury. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
a. Baby born at 28 weeks gestation(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 3050, Ghai 8/e p 666)Indications of Screening for Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP):Birth weight <1,500g or gestational age < 32 wk &Selected neonates with a birth weight between 1,500 and 2,000g or gestational age of >32 wk with an unstable clinical course, includ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
A i.e. I | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Wall of hea enlarged in mitral stenosis - left atria | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
During periods of endemic disease, about 10% of the general population harbour Neisseria meningitidis in the nasopharynx.
Since N. meningitidis is a strict human pathogen and most patients have not been in contact with other cases, asymptomatic carriers are presumably the major source of the pathogenic strains. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
THe maxillary sinuses are innervated by infra-orbital and alveolar branches of the maxillary nerve | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (a) Gametocyte Infective forms for human is sporozoites in saliva of mosquito Infective forms for mosquito is gametocytes in human blood. At least 12 gametocytes per cubic mm of blood must be present to infect mosquito. Gametocytes are maximum in number during the early stages of infections (may exceed 1000 per cu... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. c. Early stage of congenital syphilisRhagades are fissures, cracks or linear scars especially at angle of mouth & nose | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Le dance sign is empty right iliac fossa, seen in Intussusception. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The white pulp comprises lymphatic tissue consisting of b-lymphocytes and macrophagesThe red pulp consists of blood filled venous sinuses.The spleen is covered by dense connective tissue called the capsule.Reference: BD Chaurasia&;s handbook of general anatomy, 5th edition, page no.198 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
A. i.e. (Defective genes) (161 - Dutta)* Genetic factor (50%) of early miscarriage are due to chromosomal abnormality in the conceptus. Autosomal trisomy is the commonest (50%) cytogenic abnormality in FIRST TRIMESTER*** Cervical incompetence (congenital or acquired) is the most common abnormality in SECOND TRIMESTER**... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. A. Glossopharyngeal nerve. (Ref. BD Chaurasia, Anatomy, Vol 3, 2nd/pg.215).# Nerves which supply the sensation and taste of the tongue differ between the anterior and posterior parts.# Anteriorly, the sensation of taste is passed along the chorda tympani, a branch of the facial nerve. Sensation is passed along the... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Safe surgical exploration distances during orbitotomy Safe distances for the periorbital dissection from the intact outside rim of the adult orbit to vital interior structures are specified in millimeters. Generally an exploration depth of 25 mm along the lateral and inferior walls is regarded as safe. A 30 mm distance... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Types of fingerprints: Loops (about 67%) Radial Ulnar Whorls (about 25%) Concentric Spiral Double spiral Almond-shaped Arches (about 6-7%) Plain Tented Exceptional Composite form (about one to two percent) Central pocket loops Lateral pocket loops Twinned loops Accidentals Ref: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and T... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Just before commincement of menarche Mensus typically appears around the peak in height velocity -Nelson Menarche usually occurs after peak velocity has been attained and as the growth rate begins to decline. Remember o Growth acceleration begins in early adolescence, but peak growth velocities are no... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (a) Fungal corneal ulcerRef: A.K. Khurana 6th ed. H06, Khurana 4th ed./100* Fungal corneal ulcer aka fungal keratitis is most commonly caused by Aspergillus fusarium. Patient in this condition presents with history of trauma with vegetative matter.* Symptoms shown by patients here are milder than signs. Signs are ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. c. Flurometholone Flurometholone: Flurometholone is a steroid. Topical coicosteroids and anestheticsQ are contraindicated in bacterial ulcers Latest trial about the use of topical steroids in corneal ulcer-"Adjunctive topical coicosteroid use does not improve 3-month vision in patients with bacterial corneal ulcer... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Amniotic fluid embolism-cardinal signs
Branchospasm
Hypoxemia
Shock
Maternal acidosis
Coagulopathy (DIC)
Altered mental status | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The co-transpo system may either be a sympo or an antipo. In sympo, (Fig. 2.12) the transpoer carries two solutes in the same direction across the membrane, e.g. sodium-dependent glucose transpoer (Chapter 8). Phlorhizin, an inhibitor of sodium-dependent co-transpo of glucose, especially in the proximal convoluted tubu... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
.It may be that preganglionic sympathetic fibers are more resistant to local anesthetic block than previously thought. Anesthesiologists often assume that, when a motor block is present during spinal or epidural anesthesia, sympathetic nerve transmission is blocked. Ref Robbins 9/e pg 346 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Refer katzung 11e p 97 Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter, which is a chemical released by a nerve cell or neuron. ... Acetylcholinecauses muscles to contract, activates pain responses and regulates endocrine and REM sleep functions. Deficiencies in acetylcholine can lead to myasthenia gravis, which is characterized b... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Trauma can occasionally cause a new growth or cancer. For accepting trauma as a cause of new growth/cancer Ewing's postulate should be satisfied. According to this postulate: There must be evidence of previous site normal prior to normal The application of adequate trauma must be proved. There must be proof of reasonab... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Glucuronidation o Phase I reactions: - Oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, cyclization, decyclization.o Phase II reactions: - Acetylation, glutathione conjugation, glucoronide conjugation (glucuranization), glycine conjugation, methylation, sulfate conjugation (sulfuranation), nucleotide synthesis. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Functions: Transpo Systems An essential role of biomembranes is to allow movement of all compounds necessary for the normal function of a cell across the membrane barrier. These compounds include a vast array of substances like sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, steroids, cations and anions to mention a few. These compo... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
In women seeking treatment for infertility, early detection and treatment of hypothyroidism of any degree is advised. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Choledocholithiasis Risk factors for Choangiocarcinoma - Primary sclerosing cholangitis - Choledochal cyst - Ulcerative colitis - Clonorchis sinensis - Chronic typhoid carriers * Other risk factors - Hepatolithiasis - Biliary enteric anastomosis - Liver flukes - Dietary nitrosamines - Exposure to thorotrast, dioxin Mne... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Propofol has replaced the barbiturates for induction of anesthesia in the ambulatory setting because of its orable recovery profile. Recovery after induction of anesthesia with propofol is faster than with the barbiturate compounds and it is associated with low incidence of post operative nausea and vomiting. Ref: Esse... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Ferrous ions are conveed to ferric ions o Free radicals are generated through Fenton's reaction. o In this reaction iron is conveed from its ferrous to ferric form and a free radical is generated. i.e. (H202+Fe2+ --> Fe3++ OH++ OH-) o Note :- H202 can also react with copper instead of iron to produce ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
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