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Ans. is 'b' i.e., RNA polymeraseo DNA synthesis cannot commence with deoxyribonucleotides because DNA polymerase cannot add a mononucleotide to another mononucleotide.o Thus, DNA polymerase cannot initiate synthesis of complementary DNA synthesis strand of DNA on a totally single stranded template.o For this, they requ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., i.e., Imiquimod Imiquimod Immunomodulator and enhances both innate and acquired immunity. It is used in the treatment of actinic keratosis, bowen's disease, keloids, basal cell carcinoma and anogenital was. It is applied for 8 - 12 hrs, 3 days/ week for 16 weeks. Superficial basal cell carcinoma Super... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The dose of parenteral iron is calculated using formula 4.4 x body weight(kg) x Hb deficit If the dose is more than 50ml (each ml has 50mg of iron i.e. 2500mg iron) then half the dose is given on day one and second half on next day. Thus maximum amount is 2500mg Reference: Dutta Obstetrics 7th edition Page no: 269 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Diarrhea Cisapride is a prokinetic agent and often produces loose stools (diarrhea is thus the commonest side effect) | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
CNS involvement is a common feature of "TORCH infection". The newborn is asymptomatic at bih. The baby develops symptoms characteristic of the infection in the late neonatal period. Symptomatic CNS manifestations are most common with herpes and rubella infections. Ref: O P Ghai 6th Edition, Page 165; Vope's Neurology o... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Types of mammalian nerve fibers: | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Inflammatory bowel Disease: Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis - Terminal ileitis - Rectum - Skip areas - Continuous - Backwash ileitis - has transmural involvement - has superficial involvement - Signs seen Target sign / halo sign Comb sign Rose thorning sign Creeping fat sign String sign of kantor - Sign Seenv Mucosa... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (c) Bradykinin(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 65, 89)Functions of bradykinin:Increases vascular permeability, vasodilationSmooth muscle contraction and pain when injected into the skin. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ref-Katzung 10/e p35 Clearance=Rate of elimination/plasma concentration 20mg/hr /10mg/L =2L/hr | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (a) Head(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.603)Monro - Kellie doctrine states that the skull comprises of three components namely blood, CSF and cerebral parenchyma.If any of the component increases, it is always at the cost of others.For example, if there is obstruction to CSF flow, then CSF pressure rises and it automatica... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
During the course of leprosy,immunological mediated episodes of acute or subacute inflammation known as lepra reaction occur. It is usually diagnosed by clinical examination only. There are two types of reaction: Reversal reaction (Type 1): Delayed hypersensitivity reaction Occurs in both Paucibacillary and Multibacill... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
<P>Improved medical management of chronic kidney disease now allows many patients to survive for decades and hence time enough to develop features of renal osteodystrophy, which must be controlled to avoid additional morbidity. Impaired production of 1,25(OH) 2 D is now thought to be the principal factor that causes ca... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Teichoic acid Comparison of cell walls of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria Gram positive Gram negative Thickness Thicker Thinner Variety of aminoacids Few Several Aromatic and sulphur containing aminoacids Absent Present Lipids Absent or scanty Present Teichoic acid Present Absent | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., 23 Bacteriophage typing of staphylococcus is based on susceptibility of cocci to bacteriphages. This is carried out by pattern method where a set of 23 standard typing phages of S. aureus is used to type staphylococcal isolates and distinguish them from one another by their patterns of susceptibility ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' ie. low serum lipase This pt. is suffering from acute pancreatitis. In acute pancreatitis serum lipase level is elevated. In fact the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is usually confirmed by an elevated level of serum amylase and/or lipase.Another lab test used to diagnose acute pancreatitis is - serum tryps... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Structures forming the boundaries of the quadrangular space from the posterior side are:Superiorly by teres minorInferiorly by teres majorLaterally by surgical neck of humerusMedially by long head of triceps brachiiContents of the quadrangular space are:Axillary nervePosterior circumflex humeral vesselsSagging pa of sh... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. C. Carcinoma stomacha. Ulcerating carcinoma of the stomach with mass is the most frequent type encountered in North America and Western Europe.b. These carcinomas have been described as irregular, saucer-shaped lesions with ulcerated centers.c. Such a configuration may produce the meniscus or Carman sign, which in... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. EOG (Electroculogram) | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Histamine is a physiologically active amine, C5H9N3, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as pa of the anallergic reaction in humans. It stimulates gastric secretion and causes dilation of capillaries, constriction of bronchial smooth muscle, and decreased blood pressure.Ref: Ganong&;s review o... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Pyogenic liver abscess on ultrasound Multiple with irregular and faded margins. Their echogenicity varies Hypoechoic (pre-suppurative and resolution phase) Anechoic with floating or stratified echoes Hyperechoic (suppurative phase) In the chronic phase,walls may be hyperechoic with a thick fibrous capsule,and surrounde... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Coeliac plexus contributes to the nerve supply of the kidney. The following structures contribute to the nerve supply of the kidney: Coeliac ganglion and plexus Aoicorenal ganglion Lowest thoracic splanchnic nerve First lumbar splanchnic nerve Aoic plexus The rami from these structures form a dense network of autonomic... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Orange : 14G
Gray : 16G
Green : 18G
Pink : 20G
Blue : 22G
Yellow : 24G | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Decreased GFR o Acetazolamide decreases GFR. o Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors increase delivery of solutes to the macula densa by inhibiting proximal reabsorption. o This results in activation of TGF (tubulo-glomerular feedback mechanism), causing increased afferent aeriolar resistance and reduces rena... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. c. Diazepam (Ref: Niraj Ahuja 6/e p39-40; Kaplan and Sadock's 9/e p1278, 1284-1285)The seizures in this patient, is due to alcohol withdrawal. Diazepam would be best medication to manage the seizure of the patient.Symptoms of Alcohol withdrawal:Hang over (MC)QHallucinationsQ (usually auditory) and illusionsQInsomn... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Nutrient artery to fibula is peroneal artery branch of posterior tibial artery. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The disease is tuberous sclerosis, in which coical hamaomas known as tubers can be associated with facial angiofibromas, cardiac rhabdomyomas (probably actually a skeletal muscle hamaoma), seizures, mental retardation, and astrocytomas. Associate acoustic neuromas with neurofibromatosis type II. Associate berry aneurys... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
C i.e. Velocity | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Length of Eustachian tube is 36 mm. (reached by the age of 7 years) Lateral third (i.e. 12 mm) is bony. Medial 2/3 (i.e. 24 mm) is fibrocailaginous. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Senear usher syndrome is associated with pemphigus erythematous Pemphigus erythematosus is a localized variant of PF, originally described by Senear and Usher. Patients have immunological features of both lupus erythematosus and pemphigus, with granular IgG and C3 at the basement membrane zone, intercellular IgG and C3... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(Liver): Ref: 193-AMETASTATIC BONE DISEASE* The skeleton is one of the commonest site of secondary cancer: in patients over 50years bone metastasis are seen more frequently than all primary malignant bone tumours* The commonest sites for bone metastasis are the vertebrae, pelvis, the proximal half of the femur and the ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ANSWER: (B) Edward JennerREF: Jawetz's 24th ed chapter 34Edward Jenner introduced vaccination for small pox with live cowpox virus in 1798. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Premature ejaculation Premature ejaculation is habitual ejaculation before penetration in less than 1 minute or sholy afterwards, so that the woman gains no pleasure. The diagnosis is made when a man regularly ejaculates before or within approximately1 minute of penetration Severity Time of ejaculation after penetratio... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer is D (13C Triclosan) Triclosan is not used for the evaluation of fat malabsorption. Triclosan is an antibacterial and antifungal agent found in numerous consumer products, including soaps, detergents, toys, and surgical cleaning treatments. Its efficacy as an antimicrobial agent and the risk of antibacterial res... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Thixotropy — The property of certain gels or fluids to become less viscous when sufficient energy in the form of impact force or vibration is applied to overcome its yield stress; at rest they require a specific time to return to the previous viscous state.
Key Concept
Both pseudoplasticity and thixotropy are shear-thi... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Catabolite repression is an example of positive regulation. Binding of CAP-cAMP complex at the CAP site enhance the transcription rate of the lac operon. CAP-cAMP complex exes a positive control of transcription. Lac I repressor exes negative control. Ref: Lewin's Essential Genes By Jocelyn E. Krebs, Page 300; Fundamen... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Malignant tumors that metastasize to the ovary are almost invariably bilateral. The term Krukenberg tumor refers to a metastatic mucinous/signet ring cell adenocarcinoma of the ovaries that typically originates from primary tumors of the intestinal tract, characteristically the stomach. Ovarian metastases often represe... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(Long bones): (166, 169- Maheshwari 4th edition)BRODIES ABSCESS (Subacute haematogenous osteomyelitis)* Chronic bone abscess containing pus or Jelly like granulation tissue surrounded by a zone of sclerosis, organism almost always is Staph.aureus* Common in age 11 to 20 years* Common sites are - Proximal and distal tib... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Amenorrhea is the absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age.
Physiological states ofamenorrhoea are seen, most commonly, during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding), the latter also forming the basis of a form of contraception known as the
lactationalamenorrhoea method. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Social; 'b' i.e., Physical; 'c' i.e., Mental HEALTH o Health is one of the most difficult terms to define. o Health can mean different things to different people. o The WHO has attempted to construct a positive definition of health. o WHO definition of health is ? "Health is a state of complete physic... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Under metabolic conditions associated with a high rate of fatty acid oxidation, the liver produces considerable quantities of acetoacetate and d(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate (β-hydroxybutyrate). Acetoacetate continually undergoes spontaneous decarboxylation to yield acetone. These three substances are collectively known as t... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Active transpo | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e. Ulnar nerve Most common nerve used for monitoring during anaesthesia is ulnar nerve.Ulnar nerve supplies adductor pollicis, and this muscle is most commonly observed during perioperative period.Adductor pollicis muscle is monitored for neuromuscular blockade. If adductor pollicis is showing no activity... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., 40% Literacy rate is used for population relating to seven years and above - In the given population this accounts for 8000.Out of 8000, 4000 are literate - literacy rate is 50% | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Chlorprocaine belong ester class of local anesthetics. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Lipofuscin, or "wear-and-tear pigment," is an insoluble brownish-yellow granular intracellular material that accumulates in a variety of tissues (paicularly the hea, liver, and brain) as a function of age or atrophy. Lipofuscin is complexes of lipid and protein that derive from the free radical-catalyzed peroxidation o... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Randomization ensures that the investigator has no control over the allocation of paicipants to either study or control groups, thus eliminating what is known as selection bias. In other words by random allocation, every individual gets an equal chance of being allocated into either group or any of the trial groups ( r... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Fetal anomalies scan is done between 18 to 22 weeks. However earliest fetal anomaly that can be detected is anencephaly, which may be detected after 10 weeks. Routine first trimester USG is done for Pregnancy dating Fetal bility Intrauterine or extrauterine Multiple gestation Nuchal transluscency and nasal bone are che... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Although the 'anaplastic' label is there, it is having the maximum 5 year survival rate ie 77%. 5 year survival rate of other lymphomas are Mantle cell lymphoma 27%, Diffuse large B cell lymphoma 46%, Burkitt's lymphoma 45 %. Ref: Harrisons principles of internal medicine, 18th edition, Page: 926 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(A) At low power, the abnormal plasma cells of multiple myeloma fill the marrow.
(B) At medium power, the plasma cells of multiple myeloma here are very similar to normal plasma cells, but they may also be poorly differentiated. Usually, the plasma cells are differentiated enough to retain the function of immunoglobuli... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. 30% of cases | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. B i.e. Black people Melanoma is commoner in fair complexion Malignant melanoma/ MM Mode of spread of MM: Lymphatic channels or hematogenous Cutaneous melanoma arises from: Epidermal melanocytes MC site involved in lentigo maligna (least common): Face MC type of MM: Superficial spreading Most malignant type of MM: ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ANSWER: (B) Intercostobrachial neuralgiaREF: Medical care of cancer patients by Sai-Ching Jim Yeung, Carmen R Escalante, Robert F.Gagel page 415Repeat from June 2008POST MASTECTOMY PAINThe breast, axilla and upper are innervated by a variety of nerves; the lateral cutaneous branch of T2 (intercostobrachial nerve), T3 a... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Myositis ossificans, Conservative treatment is the method in acute stages. * Immobilisation of the pa by splints *Drugs-diphosphonate, calcitonin, NSAIDS *late stages- physiotherapy to regain movement *surgical excision REF:- Ebnezar- 3rd edn- pg no 41 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Changes after death 1. Immediate changes a) cessation of respiration b) cessation of circulation c) insensibility d) loss of voluntary power e) Dilatation of pupil 2. Early changes a) primary flaccidity of muscles b) algor mois c) Liver mois d) Rigor mois e) Retinal changes and changes in vitreous humor. 3. Late change... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. b. C-5, 6, 7 (Ref: BDC 5/vol-I/54, 55; Lasts Anatomy 11/e p55; Gray's Anatomy 40/e p819)Long thoracic nerve is branch of trunk forming brachial plexus with root value of C-5, 6, 7.Branches of the plexus for the upper limbBranches of the Roots:Nerve to serratus anterior (Long thoracic nerve C5,6,7)QNerve to rhomboi... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The pyrogenic toxin superantigens are a family of small-molecular-size, structurally similar proteins that are responsible for two diseases: TSS and food poisoning. TSS results from the ability of enterotoxins and TSST-1 to function as T cell mitogens. Enterotoxins bind directly to the invariant region of MHC--outside ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Bone marrow provides the environment for development of precursor cells into erythrocytes, platelets, granulocytes, monocytes, and B lymphocytes. Although it is likely that T lymphocytes progenitor cells also arise in bone marrow, differentiation and programming of new T lymphocytes occurs in the thymus. Ref: Levinson ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ANSWER: (A) Insulin glargineREF: Pharmacology ReCap 2.0 for Bachelor of Dentistry Students by Dr. J. G. Buch page 304, Harrison s 18m ed chapter 344INSULINS:Highly purifiedmono-componentinsulinPorcine Actrapid- RegularShort actingPorcine Monotard- LenteIntermediate actingPorcine Insulatard- NPH Porcine Mixtard30% regul... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Rupture of collateral slips of extensor expansion 'Mallet finger' describes the characteristic drooping of the finger observed with injury to the extensor digitorum at its inseion at the base of the distal phalanx (the collateral slips). o A mallet finger may result from direct trauma to the finger tip or more commonly... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Anorectal manometry is a useful screening procedure for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. A normal response in course of manometric evaluation precludes diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease.
However the confirmation of diagnosis in case of Hirschsprung's disease is done by rectal biopsy. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
*Order of involvement (Mnemonic : IM SLO) :- Inferior rectus > medial rectus > superior rectus > Lateral rectus > obliques. Ref: Head & Neck Surgery 2nd/e p.1513 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer is D (AST & ALT) AST & ALT levels are not considered markers fir active viral replication. . HBV DNA, HBV DNA polymerase and HBeAg levels are all considered markers.* active viral replication, with HBV DNA being the most sensitive marker (gold standard) | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e. Hepatocellular carcinoma | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The structure of the cochlea is complex. The organ of Coi contains hair cells from the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII). These cells rest on the basilar membrane , which separates the scala tympani from the scala media. The hairs of the hair cells are embedded in the tectorial membrane, and move... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed Pg.no.519 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Androgen insensitivity syndrome Phenotype is female Karyotype is 46,XY Absent axillary and pubic hair Breasts are normal Absent uterus and upper vagina Ref: SHAW'S TEXTBOOK OF GYNAECOLOGY; 15th edition; Pg no:286 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Treacher-Collins syndrome (mandibulofacial dysostosis) : * Antimongoloid palpebral fissures * Coloboma of lower lid * Hypoplasia of mandible and malar bones * Microtia pinna and meatal atresia * Malformed malleus and incus (stapes normal) Ref: Textbook of ENT, Dhingra; 6th edition; Pg no: 116 ref img | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The ECG is often normal but is useful in excluding other impoant differential diagnoses, such as acute myocardial infarction and pericarditis. The most common findings in PE include sinus tachycardia and anterior T-wave inversion but these are non-specific; larger emboli may cause right hea strain revealed by an S1Q3T3... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is in Paget's disease elevated but calcium, parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels are normal. Cranial expansion may narrow cranial foramens and cause neurologic complications including hearing loss from cochlear nerve damage from temporal bone invo... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans 'b' i.e. Rotigotine o Rotigotine is intended to be delivered through transdermal patches, so as to ensure a slow and constant dosage in a 24-hour period. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Hinge fracture also called motorcyclist fracture, fracture lines passes across the middle cranial fossa, separating the skull base into 2 halves. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
<p>Davidson&;s principles and practice of medicine 22nd edition. *ulcerative colitis invariably involves the rectum and spread proximally in continues manner it involves the entire colon in some cases.</p> | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Management of above case is by giving Routine baby care to baby, no active treatment is required. Breastfeeding need not to be stopped unless Contra-indicated AAP provides two age-specific nomograms for neonates >=35 weeks gestation- one each for phototherapy and exchange transfusion. The nomograms have lines for three... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Rectus sheath content.
- Rectus abdominis, Pyramidalis
- Superior and inferior epigastric artery.
- Superior and inferior epigastric veins.
- Lower 5 intercostal and subcostal nerves. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Episcleritis Scleritis No pain Painful Bright red in colour Voilet blue in colour No scleral edema Scleral edema + Not a/w Systemic d/o A/w RA, SLE By 10% Phenylephrine drops vessels undergo blanching By 10% Phenylephrine drops vessels do not blanch Note- episcleritis is the M/C ocular manifestation manifested in Crohn... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is a i.e. Cutting drill over the bleeding area Here the answer is obvious as Cutting drill over the bleeding area will increase the bleeding instead of stopping it. Diamond drill over the bleeding area will produce heat and stop the bleeding. Bipolar cautery can be used to control bleeding during mastoid surgery (... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Borrelia . Modified Kelley's (BSK) medium is used for Borrelia burgdorferi. Laboratory diagnosis of Lyme disease . The culture of B. burgdorferi in Barbour - Stoenner - kelly (BSK) medium permits definitive diagnosis, but this complex method has been used only research studies. . Because of the proble... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is c, i.e. DanazolManagement of Hirsutism* OCPs (best & most effective)* Medroxyprogesterone acetate (150mg/m every 3 months or 10-20mg orally daily)* Spironolactone (50-100mg B/D)* Cyproterone acetate (is a part of Diane-Diane has; 2mg cyproterone acetate and 50mg ethinyl estradiol)* Flutamide (not preferred due ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Frey syndrome occurs following damage to parasympathetic axons in the auriculotemporal nerve. When these postganglionic cholinergic axons grow peripherally after parotid surgery, they establish synapses upon the cholinergic sweat glands, which are innervated normally only by sympathetic fibers. As the peripheral nerves... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Middle ear Contents of middle earContents of middle ear (tympanic cavity) are :?Ear ossicles Malleus, incus, stapesMuscles -Tensor tympani, stapediusChorda tympaniTympanic plexus | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Autosomal dominant disorders are manifested in the heterozygous state.
So, at least one of the parent should be affected to transmit the disease to a child.
The homozygous state does not exist as it is not compatible with life, i.e. homozygous fetus usually dies in utero.
So, all the affected individuals will be hetero... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (b) RV decreased(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.628)Increase in residual volume denotes "air trapping" which is classically seen in obstructive lung diseases | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. A. ArginineThree amino acids from which Creatine and creatinine is synthesized are:1. Glycine2. Arginine3. Methionine | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Option A (Length of intervals between relapses) - Predicts disability, as if more gap between 2 symptoms, patient's prognosis will be better. If symptoms develop 1 after the other, so length of interval is lesser so BAD prognosis. Option B (Incomplete recovery from relapses)- Symptoms are stabilizing and recovering, so... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
GLOMERULAR FILTRATION
Glomerular Membrane (GBM)
The barriers through which filtration has to take place
Glomerular endothelial cell layer: (Fenestrated capillary with a gap of 70-90 nm in between endothelium cells)
Basement membrane: A gel-like acellular meshwork of glycoproteins and proteoglycans.
Visceral epithelial... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (d) All of the aboveRef: Harpers Biochemistry 30th ed. pg. 22-23, 748* Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide with a gamma peptide linkage between the amine group of cysteine (which is attached by normal peptide linkage to a glycine) and the carboxyl group of the glutamate side chain.* It is an antioxidant, preventing ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Pus culture in both aerobic and anaerobic CSOM may show multiple organisms. Common aerobic organisms are Pseudomonas aeruginosa Proteus Escherichia coli Staphylococccus aureus While anaerobes include Bacteroides fragilis Anaerobic streptococcal (Ref: Textbook of diseases of ENT, PL Dhingra, 7th edition, pg no. 76) | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Prostacyclin is produced by endothelial cells and thromboxane A2 by platelets from their common precursor arachidonic acid the cyclooxygenase pathway. Thromboxane A2 promotes platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction, whereas prostacyclin inhibits platelet aggregation and promotes vasodilation.Ref: Ganong review of med... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Vaginal pH: newborn infant -4.5 to 7 pubey -alkaline to acidic reproductive age -4 to 5.5 pregnancy -3.5 to 4.5 post menopausal -6 to 8 Acidity of vagina is because of doderlein's bacilli. It is a rod-shaped gram-positive bacillus which grows anaerobically on acid media. It appears in the vagina 3-4 days after bih and ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Detoxification implies removal of the toxic substance from the body, this can be done by using a drug similar to alcohol and thus benzodiazepine is chosen. This is the main drug used in treatment of alcohol withdrawal despite the problem being simple withdrawal, rum fits or delirium tremens IF LIVER FUNCTION IS WITHIN ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. B: Acetaminophen Patterns of liver injuries A. Zonal Necrosis This is the most common type of drug induced liver cell necrosis where the injury is largely confined to a paicular zone of the liver lobule. It may manifest as very high level of ALT and severe disturbance of liver function leading to acute liver failu... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ANSWER: (A) 47XXYREF: Harrison's 18th ed table 349-2 Genitalia DisorderCommon Chromosomal ComplementGonadExternalInternalBreastDevelopmentKlinefelter'ssyndrome47,XXY or 46.XY/47.XXYHyalinized testesMaleMaleGynecomastia Clinical Features Small testes, azoospermia, decreased facial and axillary hair, decreased libido, ta... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Cranial Nerve I: OlfactoryArises from the olfactory epithelium.Functions solely by carrying afferent impulses for the sense of smell.Cranial Nerve II: OpticArises from the retina of the eye.Optic nerves pass through the optic canals and converge at the optic chiasm.Functions solely by carrying afferent impulses for vis... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Snails | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Dapoxetine Dapoxetine is a SSRI which has been developed and is being promoted for delaying premature ejaculation, a propey common to many SSRIs and some TCAs It acts rapidly and can be taken 1 hour before sexual intercourse. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Traumatic optic neuropathy can occur in trauma over eyebrow(most commonly at the junction of lateral 1/3rd and medial 2/3rd of eyebrow behind which runs the intra canalicular pa of optic nerve). Orbital blow out fracture will cause bruise over lower pa of eye, not eyebrow. Rosette cataract can be seen in trauma but it ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
<p> Stop antileprosy treatment. According to WHO treatment guidelines for leprosy -all MB patients who have completed 12 or more doses of WHO MDT for Multibacillary leprosy &;should be regarded as cured&; and removed from the registers. It is not necessary to give MDT to PB patients until clinical inactivity . In a lar... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ANTERIOR COMPAMENT( leg):- Muscles:- 1. Tibialis anterior 2. Extensor hallucis longus 3. Extensor digitorum longus 4. Peroneus teius. Aery:anterior tibial aery.The blood supply of anterior compament is reinforced by the perforating branch of peroneal aery. Nerve:-Deep peroneal nerve. Muscle action:- 1. Tibialis anterio... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Tubular and mucinous type of breast carcinomas are least aggressive cancers and carries best prognosis. Infiltrating and pure medullary carcinomas have intermediate outcome. Infiltrating ductal carcinomas (NOS) is the most common form of breast carcinoma and carries worst outcome. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
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