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Ans. is 'd' i.e., Doxycycline | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Right mediastinal border is formed by right innominate (brachiocephalic) vein, SVC, right atrium, and IVC (IVC may not be visible in PA view). | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. D: Phenylketonuria Common causes of diffuse hyperpigmentation: Addison's disease Porphyria cutanea tarda Cushing's syndrome Hemochromatosis Phaeochromocytoma Biliary cirrhosis High dose ACTH therapy Phenylketonuria results in hypopigmentation | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Superfemale (Triple X Chromosome)The possession of an extra X is not excessively rare since it is quite compatible with complete feminine normality. There is, however, a well-recognized triple X syndrome in which the patient, who is often mentally subnormal, suffers from scanty or irregular menstruation and infeility. ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Persistent reflexes: Reflexes that never disappears.
Walking and stepping reflex
Limb placement reflex
Parachute reflex | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e Woodworkers Workers of wood industry develop - Adenocarcinomas of ethmoid & other nasal sinusesWorkers of Nickle refining industry - Sq. cell Ca & anaplastic Ca of nasal sinuses. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Left surgical lobe * Couinaud Segment IX is a pa of caudate lobe (I) of the left surgical liver. * Left surgical liver contains segment number I, II, III & IV. * Left Anatomical lobe lies to the left of falciform ligament and contains only segment number III & IV. * Right surgical (functional) lobe contains segment no ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Membranous nephropathy Membranous nephropathy is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in Caucasian adults. It is caused by antibodies (usually autoantibodies) directed at antigen(s) expressed on the surface of podocytes, including the M-type phospholipase A2 receptor 1. While most cases are idiopathic, a propoio... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
In sickle cell anemia the hemolysis is due to structural defect in the B chain causing increased stickiness. It is not immune related. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Biliary atresia Most of the books are of the opinion that alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase are two enzymes that are associated with biliary tract disease.Serum levels of these enzymes are usually increased in cholestasis or bile duct obstruction.But the problem in that, all of th... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (d) Squamous cell carcinomaRef: Devita 9th edition, page 729* Most common site oral Cancer: Carcinoma Tongue > Carcinoma Lip* Most common histological type: Squamous Cell Cancer* Most common site of oral Cancer in India: Cancer of Buccal Mucosa* Max Risk of L.N. Metastasis: Carcinoma Tongue* Min Risk of L.N Metast... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Plasma levels of cholesterol and triglyceride are extremely low in this disorder, and chylomicrons. Abetalipoproteinemia usually presents in early childhood with diarrhea and failure to thrive. The neurological manifestations like decreased distal lower extremity vibratory and proprioceptive sense, dysmetria, ataxia, a... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Increased hea rate Compensatory mechanisms in acute hemorrhage In acute hemorrhage there is compensatory sympathetic stimulation which causes :? 1) Generalized vasoconstriction with increased total peripheral resistance (TFR). 2) Increased hea rate (tachycardia). 3) Increased cardiac contractility. 4)... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
LEVELS OF PREVENTION: Primordial prevention Prevention of emergence of development of risk factors Done by health education. Primary prevention Action taken prior to the onset of disease Done by health promotion & specific protection. Secondary prevention Action which halts the progress of a disease Done by early diagn... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (d) Clip the towel* Towel clips are used to hold the sterile dressing after drape in position* Some surgeons use this to hold and retract the tongue outside for intra oral surgeries. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
A i.e. Water constitutes 60% of body weight | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Darier's disease is characterized by defect in Ca+2 pump that is necessary for desmosome function, due to mutation in ATP2A2 gene.
Both HHD and Darier's disease are characterized by acantholysis and suprabasal blister, but dysteratosis (premature keratinization in epidermis) is seen classically with Darier's disease. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer- B. 2 - 3 Kg wt loss / monthRkk of gall stone formation in obese persons during active weight loss seems to increase in an exponential fasion. The data suggest that rates of weight loss should not exceed an average of 7.5 kg per week | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Lymphatic drainage of anal canal is through the mesorectal (also known as inferior rectal) nodes to the inguinal and femoral nodes. Anal cancers are more likely to produce inguinal adenopathy, with internal iliac adenopathy also occurring when the tissues near the anorectal junction are involved. ref : bailey and love | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Man is an intermediate host | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer is A (Digoxin) Digoxin has no definitive role in the management of Acute Pulmonary Edema `Digitalis is not the initial drug of choice for management of patients with acute severe pulmonary edema (severe hea failure) because of its mild inotropic effect and because of the delay in time to peak action. It should n... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Theophylline is having a narrow margin of safety so therapeutic drug monitoring is essential If levels increase more than 20mg/L- side effects occurs ESSENTIAL OF MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY SEVENTH EDITION KD TRIPATHI PGNO.226 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Rarely, Halothane can cause Malignant hypehermia, which is treated with dantrolene Inhalational anesthetic agents and Depolarising NM blockers like succinylcholine can precipitate malignant hypehermia. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Chlamydiae possess group specific antigens. These are heat-stable lipopolysaccharides with 2-keto-3-deoxyoctanoic acid as an immunodominant component. Antibody to these genus-specific antigens are detected by complement fixation (CF) and immunofluorescence. Ref: Harrisons Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Chapter 176; J... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ref: Harrison's l8th editionExplanation:The clinical syndrome caused by the reactivation of VZV from sensory ganglia is herpes zoster.The commonly involved dermatomes are:The thoracic dermatomes, especially T4 to T12. are involved in about 50% of casesThe lumbosacral dermatomes in about 16%The cranial nerves in 14 to 2... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. A: Tick Kyasanur forest disease is a tick-borne viral hemorrhagic fever endemic to South Asia. The disease is caused by a virus belonging to the family flaviviridae, which also includes yellow fever and dengue fever. There are a variety of animals thought to be reservoir hosts for the disease, including porcupines... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Best natural source of iodine is - Sea foods. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The most common cause of cervical insufficiency is idiopathicCervical incompetence may be congenital due to the following:Mullerian anomaliesCollagen disordersExposure to DES or the causes may be acquiredObstetric trauma like cervical laceration during deliveryMechanical dilatationCervical Conization | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. c (Langerhan's cells/histiocytes). (Ref. Robbins, Pathology, 7th, 199, 1228)# Macrophages have role in inflammation and induction and effector phase of immune response.# Dendritic cells are important antigen presenting cells for initiating primary immune responses against protein ags.# Features which contribute to... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Preanaesthetic medication Premedication (Preanaesthetic medication) refers to the use of drugs before anaesthesia to make it more pleasant and safe. The aims are : Relief of anxiety and apprehension preoperatively and to facilitate smooth induction. Amnesia for preoperative and postop... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is None | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Pyloric stenosis clinical presentation Infant is normal at bih, symptomatic between ages of 3-6 weeks Infants with HPS typically present with projectile nonbilious vomiting Visible gastric peristalsis may be seen as a wave of contraction from the left upper quadrant to the epigastrium The infants usually feed vigorousl... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. C: Urethra Methylene blue 3 swab test is useful for diagnosing site of leakage. In this test, Catheter is introduced in to the bladder through the urethra. Vaginal cavity is packed with 3 sterile swabs 50-100 ml of dilute methylene blue dye is injected into the bladder through the catheter (methylene blue turns ur... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
When mother is suffering from syphilis, transmission occurs to fetus, but not before the 4th month of pregnancy; It is most likely to occur after 6th month, when Langhan&;s cell layer has completely atrophied. Infection of fetus is most likely to occur when mother has primary or secondary stages of syphilis than late s... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus results from a complex interplay between underlying resistance to the action of insulin in its metabolic target tissues (liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue) and a reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, which fails to compensate for the increased demand for insulin. In obese ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Symptoms of keratitis: Pain and foreign body sensation occurs due to mechanical effects of lids and chemical effects of toxins on the exposed nerve endings Watering of the eye occurs due to reflex hyperlacrimation Photophobia, i.e., intolerance to light results from stimulation of nerve endings Blurred vision results f... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Colonic bacteria break down dietary fibers into short chain fatty acids - acetate, butyrate and propionate. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Decrease binding of O2 and hemoglobinDPG is an optional by-product of the glycolytic pathway . DPG binds with deoxygenated hemoglobin but not with oxygenated hemoglobin . Therefore raised DPG concentration releases oxygen from oxyhemoglobin by shifting thefollowing reversible reaction to the right : -... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Posterior urethral valve The informations provided in this question are ? i) Straining --> Sign of obstruction ii) Driblling --> Sign of obstruction and incomplete bladder emptying. iii) UTI --> May be due to urinary obstruction. o All these suggest the diagnosis of obstructive uropathy, and posterior... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
"Foresight prevents blindness" was the slogan chosen by WHO for World Health Day in 1976, when effos were made around the world to raise public awareness about the problem of preventable blindness. Ref: Education Of Communicable And Non-Communicable Diseases By Sumer Lal Goel, 2009, Page 149. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Glottie part is the most common sites for carcinoma larynx followed by supraglottic & subglottic pats respectively. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Typical pneumoniae | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Circulatory disturbances | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Single-agent chemotherapy is used as palliative therapy in head and neck cancers with the recurrent or metastatic form of cancer. The drugs which are used are -
Cisplatin
Methotrexate
5 Fu
Paclitaxel
Docetaxel
Sometimes combinations of ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
park's textbook of preventive and social medicine 23rd edition. *absolute contraindications: cancer of breast and genitals,liver disease,history of thromboembolism and abnormal uterine bleeding. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Fox Fordyce disease is a disease of apocrine glands. It is an uncommon chronic disorder of sweat glands causing itchy lesions of the skin under the arms, in pubic area, around the nipple pas of genitalia and sometimes on chest and abdomen. It is characterized by by retention of apocrine sweat leading to the formation o... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
A i.e. Sherrington's law | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer is B (PDA) Patent Ductus Aeriosus is not classified as a cyanotic congenital hea disease. PDA is an Acyanotic Hea disease with Left to Right shunt | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Hypomanic episode and cyclothymia have been classified under bipolar disorders | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Drug allergy (hypersensitivity)
It is an immunologically mediated reaction producing stereotype symptoms which are unrelated to the pharmacodynamic profile of the drug. The symptoms may appear even with much smaller doses and have a different time course of onset and duration. This is also called drug hypersensitivity;... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
External jugular vein is formed by posterior auricular vein and posterior division of retromandibular vein. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., % of institutional deliveries Monitoring and Evaluation of ASHA's workGovernment of India has set up following indicators for monitoring ASHA (41).1. Process IndicatorsNumber of ASHAs selected by due processNumber of ASHAs trained; and% of ASH As attending review meeting after one year2.Outcome Indica... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Best indicator of protein quality: DIAAS (Digestible indispensable amino acid scores) > PDCAAS (Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score) >NPU (Net protein utilization). DIAAS =100 x . NPU = 100 x (Nitrogen retained by the body) / (Nitrogen intake) Other indicators: Amino acid score, Biological value, Protein e... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
FUNCTIONAL HALLUCINATIONS Patient perceives a stimulus from one modality and perceives hallucination in same modality Ex. Whenever the patient hears water flowing from tap he hears auditory hallucinations REFLEX HALLUCINATION: Patient perceives a stimulus from one modality and perceives hallucination in another modalit... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
DNA is cut into large fragments, using restriction enzymes. These fragments are then separated by gel electrophoresis (either agarose or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e. Osteosarcoma Repeated innumerable timesOsteosarcoma is least radiosensitive out of the four.Radiosensitivity of differenttumors A)Highly Sensitive C)Relatively resistant LymphomaSeminomaMyelomaEwing's Sq cell Ca of lung Hypernephroma Rectal Carcinoma Bladder carcinomaB)Wilms tumor Moderately sensitiveS... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The fifth taste sense, umami, was recently added to the four classic tastes. This taste has actually been known for almost 100 years, and it became established once its receptor was identified. It is triggered by glutamate and paicularly by the monosodium glutamate (MSG) used so extensively in Asian cooking. The taste ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Vitamin A: - Role 1) Vision 2) Reproduction & growth 3) Maintenance of epithelial cell 4) Stabilization of cellular and intra Cellular membrane 5) Synthesis of glycoprotein 6) Antioxidant 7) Skin & Bone Metabolism | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The most common presentations of the lymphatic filariases are asymptomatic (or subclinical) microfilaremia, hydrocele , acute adenolymphangitis (ADL), and chronic lymphatic disease. If there is obstruction of the retroperitoneal lymphatics, increased renal lymphatic pressure leads to rupture of the renal lymphatics and... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Rain : Is the prime source of all water and is the ‘purest form of water in nature.’
Chemically, it is very soft water : contains traces (0.0005%) of solids Gibraltar depends on rain water as a source of supply. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Myoglobin is an iron-containing pigment found in skeletal muscle. It resembles hemoglobin but binds 1 rather than 4 mol of O2 per mole. Its dissociation curve is a rectangular hyperbola rather than a sigmoid curve. Because its curve is to the left of the hemoglobin curve (Figure 36-5), it takes up O2 from hemoglobin in... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer- C. 8 timesPoiseuille Hagen FormulaF = (PA - PB) x (p /8) x (1/?) x (r4/L)Where,F= flowPA-PB = pressure difference between two ends of the tube? = viscosityr = radius of tubeL = length of tubeBecause flow is equal to pressure difference divided by resistance (R),R = 8?L/pr4 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. D. Frontonasal processThe tongue is divided into two parts: oral part (anterior two third) and pharyngeal part (posterior one-third).a. The oral part of tongue develops from three swellings associated with first pharyngeal arch. These swellings are two lateral lingual swellings and one median swelling--the tubercu... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The whole vagina epithelium is derived from the paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct with bone morphogenic protein 4 reshaping the intermediate mesoderm-derived Mullerian duct into the vaginalprimordium. Vaginal development is also under negative control of androgens. Ref - BDC 6e vol2 pg 395 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Half life of cobalt - 60 is 5.2 years. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Female, weight loss in spite of appetite, amenorrhea, tremors, brisk reflexes are features of Thyrotoxicosis Option A- Pulses Paradoxus is feature of C. Tamponade it is ruled out Option B- Collapsing pulse- Rapidly rising pulse, which collapses suddenly as aerial pressure falls rapidly, during late systole and diastole... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Aoic Stenosis is associated with a narrow pulse pressure. Patent Ductus Aeriosus (PDA), Aoic Regurgitation and AV Malformations (Aeriovenous shunting) are all associated with a wide pulse pressure. REF: Harrison book of internal medicine 21ST EDITION | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., L-asparginase o Leukemia cells are deficient in L-Asparagine synthase and depend on the supply of L-asparagine from medium. The enzyme L-asparaginase degrades L-asparagine to L-aspaic acid, depriving leukemic cells of essential metabolite-may cause cell death. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
A ureterocele is a cystic dilatation of the terminal ureter and is obstructive because of a pinpoint ureteral orifice. Ureteroceles are much more common in girls than in boys. In girls, ureteroceles are almost always associated with ureteral duplication, whereas in 50% of affected boys there is only one ureter. Ultraso... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Decreases Secretion of Ach | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
21 a hydroxylase deficiency is the most common cause of androgenital syndrome and its clinical manifestations depends upon the extent of enzyme deficiency. In less severe cases there is only masculinization due to increased androgen production (17 ketosteroids and testosterone). In severe cases, due to mineralocoicoid ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ANSWER: (A) CulexREF: Park 20th ed p. 676Also asked in June 2011See APPENDIX-43 below for list of medically important "Mosquitos" APPENDIX - 43Mosquito AnophelesCulexAedesMansoniaA.K.A Nuisance mosquitoTiger mosquito Egg layingSingly on waterIn small dusters of 200-300 on waterSingly on damp soilIn star shaped clusters... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Immunosuppressive agents have reduced the incidence of rejection of transplanted solid organs but have increased risk of opportunistic infection. Fungal infections, while not the majority of infections in these patients, carry a high risk of mortality. Candida and Aspergillus are responsible for most of these opportuni... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
. There is no germ cells in this condition | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Refractory period is that time period after the first stimulus during which the nerve is "refractory" to another stimulus. Hence, maximum frequency of excitation can be 2500 times in a second, as each next stimulus can excite the nerve if applied immediately at the end of the refractory period (1/2500th of a second). | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Because gravity aids the delivery of arterial blood, classically, the patient with rest pain can obtain relief by simply hanging the leg over the side of the bed.
• Arterial insufficiency ulcers ischemic ulcers are mostly located on the lateral surface of the ankle or the distal digits.
• Most common on distal ends of ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
2 doses of HPV vaccine are recommended irrespective of age, gender, type of vaccine. Option 1: Bivalent vaccine- serotype 16,18 (cervarix). Option 2: Quadrivalent vaccine- serotype 6,11,16,18 (Gardasil,Merck). Option 3, 4: The first dose is recommended for most persons before 15 years of age and the second dose should ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Pupillary asymmetry Cranioveebral anomalies Cranioveebral anomalies include congenital anomalies at the base of the skull and atlantooccipital region. It includes the occipito atlanto axial complex Symptoms and signs of cranioveebral junction anomalies Signs and symptoms of cranioveebral junction anom... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Malignant hypehermia (MH) or malignant hyperpyrexia is a rare life-threatening condition that is usually triggered by exposure to ceain drugs used for general anesthesia -- specifically the volatile anesthetic agents and succinylcholine, a neuromuscular blocking agent. In susceptible individuals, these drugs can induce... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Mass t/t with mebendazole o No drug is suitable for effective mass treatment of Dracunculiasis. o The drugs effective for t/t of cases of Dracunculiasis Niridazole Mebendazoel Metronidazole | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Gluteus mediusAttachments of greater trochanter (GT) All are inseionsPa of GTMuscle inseedApex (tip) of GTPiriformisAnterior surface (lateral pa)Gluteus minimusLateral surfaceGluteus mediusMedial surfaceObturator internus & two gemelliTrochanteric fossaObturator externus | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The total body radical burden can be estimated by measuring the products of lipid peroxidation:
FOX (Ferrous Oxidation in Xylenol) Assay
Lipid peroxides can be measured by the ferrous oxidation in xylenol orange (FOX) assay. Under acidic conditions, they oxidize Fe 2+ to Fe 3+, which forms a chromophore with xylenol... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Involution forms - phase of decline.
Sporulation - stationary phase. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Halothane All inhalational agent cause mild hepatotoxicity by decreasing hepatic blood flow. Isoflurane is the agent of choice in liver disease as it has least effect on Hepatic blood flow. Direct hepatotoxicity (Hepatitis,Hepatic necrosis) is caused by :- Halothane, Chloroform, trilene, methoxyfluran... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is a, i.e. FSHRef: Novaks p1143In males with oligospermia, pregnancy rates have been improved by administering exogenous FSH. Clomiphene citrate can also benefit to some extent but not as much as FSH. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Loosely wound spiral forms on peripheral blood smear shows Borrelia. Diagnosis is relapsing fever. Louse-borne/Epidemic Relapsing fever Tick-borne/endemic relapsing fever Cause-Borrelia recurrentis At least 15 spp- B.duttonii, B.parkeri, B.hermsii B. turicata Tends to occur as epidemic Sporadic cases in endemic areas V... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
D i.e. Malunion with gunstock deformity | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
.Indications for thoracotomy * Haemothorax more than 1500 ml found when ICT is placed or hourly collection in ICT is 200- 300 ml * ICT placed shows persistent drainage of blood * Diaphragmatic injury * When associated with liver and spleen injuries * Bronchus and major vessel injuries * Haemopericardium * Oesophageal a... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Testicular tumors MC presentation is a nodule or painless swelling of one gonad. 10% patients present with acute pain or manifestation due to secondaries like neck or abdominal masses, GI disturbances, respiratory or CNS symptoms, bone pain or lumbar backache due to nerve roots involvement by bulky retroperitoneal dise... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Echinococcus granulosus is dog tapeworm. It is not an STD. Trichomonas is the only parasite causing STD. Molluscum contagiosum is a virus causing STD, whereas candida albicans is a fungus causing STD and T.pallidum is a bacteria causing STD Ref: Ananthanarayan& Paniker&;s textbook of microbiology, 9th edition. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Biopsy can cause profuse bleeding, therefore should be avoided.
Investigations used for NFA are :-
Soft tissue lateral film of nasopharynx
X-ray paranasal sinus and base of skull
Contrast CT of skull (investigation of choice)
MRI
Carotid angiography | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
There are two distinct goals of drug therapy in CHF:(a) Relief of congestive/low output symptoms and restoration of cardiac performance: Inotropic drugs--digoxin, dobutamine/ dopamine, amrinone/milrinone Diuretics--furosemide, thiazides Vasodilators--ACE inhibitors/AT1 antagonists, hydralazine, nitrate, nitroprussideb ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Placenta pre | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Exotoxins produces by C. Perfringens *Alpha toxin(lecithinase) - detroys RBC& WBC *phi toxin- myocardial depression *kappa toxin-destruction of connective tissue and blood vessels Ref:Bailey and love 27th edition Pg no :420 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(Refer: AK Khurana Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 6th edition, pg no. 67 - 71) Arlt's line is a conjunctival sign (not corneal)Signs of TrachomaConjunctival signs:- Congestion, conjunctival follicles (boiled sagograin like), Papillary hyperplasia, conjunctival scarring (Arlt's line), ConcretionCorneal signs:- superficial... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Cisplatin belongs to the group of medicines known as alkylating agents. It is used to treat cancer of the bladder, ovaries, and testicles. It is a platinum coordination complex that is hydrolysed intracellularly to produce a highly reactive moiety which causes cross linking ofDNA. Theoured siteis N&;ofguanineresidue. I... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Bronchogenic carcinoma accounts for 70-80% of all cases of superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction; primary mediastinal tumors are the second most common cause. The main bronchial lymphatics are located at the tracheal bifurcation and immediately to the right and left of the trachea. Tuberculosis and mycotic infections ar... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
In the fetus, the spinal cord and the veebral column are of the same length. Since the veebral column grows faster, the spinal cord retracts. It ascends upwards and reaches the level of lower border of L3 at bih and lower border of L1 in adults. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Its life cycle begins when cysts rupture and release sporozoites, which mature into trophozoites that eventually form cysts. The diagnostic methods for P. carinii pneumonia (PCP) have progressed from open lung biopsy to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and induced sputum analysis . Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1056 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Connections in Basal ganglia
Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNPC) to Striatum (Caudate nucleus & Putamen)- Dopaminergic
Striatum to Substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNPR)- GABA
Striatum to Globus pallidus inner segment & external segment- GABA
Globus pallidus external segment to subthalamic nucleus and internal s... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
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