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Ans. a. Debridement (Ref: Sabiston 19/e p2011; Bailey 25/e p26, 39-40)Best management of contaminated wound with necrotic material is debridement.'Managing the acute wound: After assessment, a thorough debridement is essential. A wound should be explored and debrided to the limit of blood staining. Devitalised tissue m... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
- A positive tuberculin test is when an induration of diameter 10 mm more is present. - erythema is not taken into account. - It indicates hypersensitivity to tuberculoprotein, denoting infection with tubercle bacilli or BCG immunisation , recent or past with or without clinical disease. Reference : Anathanarayan & pan... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Oral Clarithromycin * As per the recommendations for empirical antibiotic management oral clarithromycin is the Empirical antibiotic treatment in a suspected case of pneumonia who has received no antibiotics in the past three months to be managed on outpatient basis.Empirical Antibotic Treatment of Co... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Identifying apoptotic cells: Staining of chromatin condensation Flow cytometry to visualize rapid cell shrinkage DNA changes detected by in situ techniques or by gel electrophoresis Annexin V as marker for apoptotic cell membrane having phosphatidylserine on the cell exterior Ref: Essential Pathology By Harsh Mohan, 20... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
This child has →
i) Rash
ii) Arthritis (swelling of knee joint)
iii) Haematuria
All these suggest the diagnosis of Henoch Schonlein purpura
HSP is characterized by deposition of IgA in the mesangium. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer- C. Beta - 2- microglobulinA Beta- 2mPrecursor- Beta-2 microglobulinSyndrome- Hemodialysis | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
One of the earliest oppounistic infection - Pneumonia It could be:- a)Bacterial Pneumonia b)Fungal Pneumonia MC cause of pneumonia in HIV patient is Pneumococcus CD4 < 500: TB < 200: P. JIROVECI | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Arsenic has been a traditional poison for ages. Recently,therapeutic value of small doses of arsenic trioxide in APL has been recognised.It probably acts by enhancing reactive oxygen free radical generation in APL.It is primarily used in resistant/relapsed cases of APL after tretinoin treatment.Later ,Arsenic trioxide ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. D. All of the above* Contraindications (due to medical reasons) for medical method of abortion:a. Smoking>35 yearsb. Hemoglobin <8g%c. Confirmed/suspected ectopic pregnancy/undiagnosed adnexal massd. Coagulopathy or patient on anticoagulant therapye. Chronic adrenal failure or current use of systemic corticosteroi... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Increase in cell size Hyperophy o Hyperophy refers to an increase in the size of cells without increase in the number, resulting in an increase in the size of tissue. o Hyperophy involves cell enlargement without cell division. o So, hyperophied organ has just larger cells, but no new cells (by contra... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Tetralogy of fallot | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
HbA2 is raised in thalassemia minor (β-Thalassemia trait). | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Rectus capitis posterior minor doesn’t form boundary of suboccipital triangle, even though it is seen in this region. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Codman triangle is a term used to describe the triangular area of subperiosteal bone that is created when a lesion, often a tumor, raises the periosteum away from the bone. Plain X-ray * Irregular destruction in metaphysis. * New bone formation. * Periosteal reaction. * Sunray appearance or hair on end - tumor grows in... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Benign intracranial hypertension (Pseudotumor cerebri) is characterized by raised ICT, papilloedema and normal sized ventricles. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
D i.e. Pyridoxal phosphate | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
B i.e. Affinity chromatography | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., 4 years o An infant usually doubles his bih height by the age of 41/2 years Age Bih 3 months 9 months 1 year 2 years 41/2 years Height 50 cm 60 cm 70 cm 75 cm 90 cm 100 cm | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Storage proteins are reserves of metal ions and amino acids. Found in plant seeds, egg whites and milk. Storage proteins are ovalbumin and glutelin. Ricin is a phytotoxin. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
C i.e. Optic chiasma | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans: d (Valine) (Ref: Vasudevan, 4th ed, p. 321; 5th ed, p. 16,202; Harper, 23th ed, p. 28Aromatic amino acids are:Phenyl alanineTrypophanTyrosineHistidine | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. Secondary orbital meningioma | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer- B. 3 hoursThe National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) recombinant tPA (PA) Stroke Study showed a clear benefit for IV PA in selected patients with acute stroke.The NINDS study used IV PA (0.9 mg/kg to a 90-mg max; l0% as a bolus, then the remainder over 60 minutes) versus placebo in pati... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
1:10,000- 1:2,00,000 adrenaline is used. . Name of the medicinal product Xylocaine 2% with Adrenaline (Epinephrine) 1:200,000. 2. Qualitative and quantitative composition Each ml of solution for injection contains lidocaine hydrochloride monohydrate Ph. Eur., equivalent to 20 mg of lidocaine hydrochloride anhydrous (40... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (a) EmphysemaRef: Robbins 8thEdn /684y 685, Harrison 18,hed chapter 309, Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 18th ed chapter 390 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
B i.e. T V | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Antigen excess Postzonc phenomeno - Antigen excessProzone phenomenon - Antibody excess | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans: D (Antrum) Ref: Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease, 8th edition.Explanation:"Most gastric adenocarcinomas involve the gastric antrum; the lesser curvature is involved more often than the greater curvature" (Ref: Robbins)Gastric AdenocarcinomaAdenocarcinoma is the most common malignancy of the stomach, comprising ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer is B (Urea breath test) : The test of choice for documenting eradication is urea breath test. Assessing success of Treatment / Eradicatiion of H. Pyrlori : Assessment should be done atleast 4 weeks after completin of anti H. Pylori therapy. In the assessment of treatment success non invasive tests are normally p... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans is 'b' i.e. Hypokalemic alkalosis Repeat from Nov 09Repetitive vomiting leads to hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis. The urine is alkaline initially but eventually it becomes acidic (paradoxical aciduria)Cause of paradoxical aciduriaInitially the kidney compensate for metabolic alkalosis by reabsorbing ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
CONTRIBUTIONS OF FREUD o Father of psychoanalysis He founded a type of psychotherapy called psychoanalysis. It is nothing but analyzing the psych(MIND) o Interpretation of dreams According to Freud dreams are royal road to unconscious In dreams several conflicts that are present in the unconscious comes to the consciou... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Causes of Acute pancreatitis Common causes Gallstones including microlithiasis (most common) Alcohol (2nd most common) Hyperglyceridemia ERCP Blunt abdominal trauma Post operative Drugs Sphincter of oddi dysfunction Rare causes Infections (CMV, Coxsackie, Mumps, Echovirus (CME) parasites) Autoimmune (sjogren syndrome) ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
SCATTER DIAGRAM * Also known as 'Correlation diagram' or 'Dot diagram' Is used to depict 'correlation (relationship) between 2 quantitative variables' Veical axis in scatter diagram: should be the dependent or the outcome variable In a scatter diagram, 2 imaginary lines are drawn along the distribution of dots/scatter | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (c) Critical concentration of Hb required to produce Cyanosis is reduced(Ref: Ganongy 25th ed/p.646)Cyanosis is not seen in anemic hypoxia because critical concentration of Hb required to produce cyanosis is reduced | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
In malingering there is a conscious imitation of illness, whereas in hysteria there is unconscious simulation. In malingering the person is willfully simulating a disease with a conscious motive. The motive if often evident in Malingering. E.g. a soldier avoids taking pa in war by having a physical or mental illness. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Epidural opioids have long lasting effect. So there is no need to give frequent injections. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Half life of radioisotope I 123 is 13.2 hours. Half life of I 124 is 4.2 days and that of I 131 is 8days. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. A. Alanine | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
A. i.e. Xiphoid process | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Alpha subunit G protein contains GTPase activity and thus dissociates GTP to form GDP.thus re-uniting alpha subunit with beta and gamma submit Ref-KDT 7/e p46 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (a) ARDSRef: Internet Sources* Normal CVP <5mmHg* In pancreatitis the MC complication is ARDS - Which may develop Bilateral Lung infiltrates. Because of Pulmonary edema - CVP rises to some level. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Immunoglobulin transfer is type of passive immunity bcz there is no active paicipation of immune system in making antibodies. Differences between passive and active immunity Active immunity Passive immunity 1. Produced actively by host's immune system No active host paicipation; received passively 2. Antibodies induced... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
CONTRIBUTIONS OF FREUD o Father of psychoanalysis He founded a type of psychotherapy called psychoanalysis. It is nothing but analyzing the psych(MIND) o Interpretation of dreams According to Freud dreams are royal road to unconscious In dreams several conflicts that are present in the unconscious comes to the consciou... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Depression | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Non pancreatic causes of Hyperamylasemia Burns Pregnancy Cholecystitis Aoic aneurysm Ruptured ectopic Diabetic keto acidosis Renal transplantation Perforated ulcer Chronic liver disease Intestinal obstruction Renal failure Drugs: Morphine Salivary gland disorder : Mumps, calculus, Maxillofacial surgery Tumors : Carcino... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer is C (Spurious Polycythemia) Gaisbock syndrome refers to Spurious Polycythemia or Relative Erythrocytosis due to decreased plasma volume. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
According to THOA, brain stem death is ceified by a board of medical expes consisting of all of the following Registered medical practitioner in charge of hospital where brain death has occurred RMP treating the patient A neurologist / Neurosurgeon nominated by panel An independent RMP-a specialist As per latest amendm... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Brucellosis - category - B bioterrorism | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ref Robbins 8/e p46 ,102 ; 7/e p107,9/e p106 Some redness is normal at the wound site, but it should diminish over time. However, if your surgical incision or wound continues to be red or exhibit radiating streaks known as lymphangitis, this is a warning sign of awound infection .red Ness due to vasodilation | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (a) Thick smear to identify parasite Thick film is more sensitive as it concentrates 20-30 layer of blood cells in small area Number of slides examined Annual blood examination rate, ABER -__________________________ x 100 population Incubation period of different malaria is different. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Sagittal suture | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is `a' i.e., Irono Hemochromatosis is characterized by the excessive accumulation of body iron, most of which is deposited in parenchymal organs such as the liver and pancreas. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Folic acid o Folic acid supplementation decreases the incidence and recurrence of neural tube defects (NTD). Because the neural tube closes within the 1st 28 days ofconception, periconceptional supplementation is needed for prevention. It is recommended that women without a prior history of a NTD, ing... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
- cost effective analysis express the benefits in terms of results achieved rather than monetary terms. - more promising tool for application in the health field. Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no:871 <\p> | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Tse-tse fly | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Definition of supination.
1: rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm faces forward or upward; also :
a corresponding movement of the foot and leg in which the foot rolls outward with an elevated arch.
2: the position resulting from supination. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (c) Premature newbornRef : Khurana 4/e, p 131, Yanoff2/e, p 518 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Hyperophy usually refers to increase in size of cells or tissues, but sometimes a subcellular organelle may undergo selective hyperophy. Individuals treated with drugs such as barbiturates show hyperophy of the smooth endoplamic reticulum (ER) in hepatocytes, which is an adaptive response that increases the amount of e... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Immediately on diagnosis, oral vitamin A is administered in a dose of 1 lakh IU in children aged 6-12 months.The same dose is repeated next day and 4 weeks later. Ref: Page 121, Ghai essential pediatrics; 6th edition | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Placenta pre is defined as a placenta located over the cervical os. There are 3 major types. Complete pre describes a placenta that completely covers the cervical os. Paial pre is a placenta that covers some of the cervical os, with the remainder of the os uncovered by the placenta. Marginal pre describes a placenta th... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans is 'b' ie Meningocele "Meningocele (protrusion of the meninges with CSF), or Encephalocele (protrusion of the brain) or Meningoencephalocele (protrusion of the meninges as well as brain) are sometimes met with at the roof of the nose, the occipital region or anterior fontanelle. The), are diagnosed by their typical... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Excessive sexual desires in Male's - Satyriasis.
Excessive sexual desires in Female's - Nymphomania. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Mycoplasma | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
By end of June 2007, India had validated neonatal tetanus elimination from 13 staes/ union territories including Goa, West Bengal, Kerala, Karnataka, Punjab, Sikkim etc. Ref: Park 21st edition, page 284. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
In all women who shows abnormal pap smear as mild dysplasia we have to treat the underlying infection and repeat the test. Ref: Shaw's Gynaecology, 14th Edition, Pages 71-73 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Inverse stretch reflex is one in which when the tension in the muscle becomes very high there is sudden relaxation of the muscle. This inhibitory negative feedback lengthening reaction protects tearing of muscle or avulsion of tendon. Golgi tendon organ detects the muscle tension and is responsible for this reflex. Aff... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
General features of the antigen-antibody reaction
The reaction is specific, an antigen combines with only its homologous antibody and vice versa, the specificity however is not absolute.
Antigen-Antibody reaction requires the presence of electrolytes at a specific pH and temperature
Bonds involved in Antigen-Antibody ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Neuropsychiatric manifestations Hyperkalemia is seen in hemolytic urenic syndrome as a result of renal failure. ABOUT NEUROPSYCHIATRIC MANIFESTATIONS Neurological manifestations are used to distinguish between Hemolytic uremic syndrome and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura. H.U.S. is distinguished f... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
For treatment of severe dehydration in a 2 yr child (10 kg wt), 100 ml/kg is to be given over 3 hrs, i.e. 100 x 10 = 1000 ml | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(A) Colloids & Crystalloids > Ideally, blood loss should be replaced with crystalloid or colloid solutions to maintain intravascular volume (normovolemia) until the danger of anemia outweighs the risks of transfusion. At that point, further blood loss is replaced with transfusions of red blood cells to maintain hemoglo... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. B: Primary complex Only a very small percent of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infections result in disease, and even a smaller percentage of MTB infections progress to an advanced stage. The bacilli is engulfed by alveolar macrophages multiply and give rise to a subpleural focus of tuberculous pneumonia, common... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Mesothelial cells are found in variable numbers in most effusions, but their presence at greater than 5% of total nucleated cells makes a diagnosis of TB less likely. Markedly increased number of mesothelial cells, especially in bloody eosinophilic effusions, suggests pulmonary embolism as the cause of an effusion. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Intravenous immunoglobulin * Treatment of choice for acute phase is intravenous immunoglobulin along with high dose of aspirin. For subacute phase low dose aspirin is given. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Davidson's principles.
In Wilson's disease, the organs more affected are liver, basal ganglia, eyes, kidney, skeleton.
Hepatic disease occurs predominantly in children and early adolescents. Neurological damage caused nasal ganglia syndromes and dementia. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. 24-36 h | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The FDI two-digit system was introduced in 1970 by the Federation Dentaire Internationale (now known as the FDI World Dental Federation). It is a wholly digital system of tooth notation that makes visual sense, cognitive sense, and computer sense. This notation is also known as ISO-3950 notation.
FDI World Dental Feder... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
A cholecystokinin stimulated HIDA scan should be performed. Failure of the gallbladder to contract after stimulation by cholecystokinin may suggest dyskinesia. This is an indication for cholecystectomy, even though stones are not demonstrated. Secretin is the duodenal hormone that stimulates exocrine pancreatic secreti... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Cholesterol stones are typically pale yellow in colour.Altered levels of cholesterol,lecithin,and bile salts in bile reduces the Micelle concentration in the bile leading to the precipitation of insoluble cholesterol,hence the stone formation(lithogenic bile). Pigment stones can be brown or black.Brown stones contains ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans: A (Dermatomyositis) Ref: Connective Tissue Disorders. In: Thappa DM, editor. Essentials in Dermatology, 2nd edn. New Del hi: Jay pee; 134-47Explanation:DERMATOMYOSITISConnective tissue disorder characterized by inflammatory myositis presenting with proximal muscle weakness and cutaneous manifestations in the form ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
"It is now felt that the principles of prevention of CHD can be applied also to other major NCDs because of common risk factors. A broader concept is emerging, that is , to develop an overall integrated programme for the Prevention and control of NCDs as part of primary health care systems, simultaneously attacking sev... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Malignant neuroleptic syndrome It occurs rarely with high doses of potent agents; the patient develops marked rigidity, immobility, tremor, fever, semiconsciousness, fluctuating BP and hea rate; myoglobin may be present in blood-lasts 5-10 days after drug withdrawal and may be fatal. The neuroleptic must be stopped pro... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (A) Scopolamine patch a night before(Ref: KDT 7/e p120)Scopolamine (hyoscine) is drug of choice for motion sickness. It should be given as transdermal patch (a night before) or orally (half an hour before journey). | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. A. OAEs are auditory evoked potentialsExplanationOAEs are low-intensity sounds that are generated by the cochlea either spontaneously or evoked by an auditory stimulus and propagate through the middle ear into the ear canal.OAEs are by-product of active processing by the outer-hair cell system. OAEs are present wh... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
There are two named fornices: The posterior fornix is the larger recess, behind the cervix. It is close to the rectro uterine pouch. There are three smaller recesses in front and at the sides: the anterior fornix is close to the vesico uterine pouch. the two lateral fornices. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Smith fracture is the fracture of distal third of radius with palmar displacement (reverse colle's fracture). | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Decreased visual acuity may occur as a result of macular involvement or severe vitreous inflammation. ... An active toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis is whitish and moderately exudative with ill-defined borders and involves the macula in a majority of patients. Ref khurana 6/e | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is b i.e. Ovarian dysgenesis Primary amenorrhea is a condition when a female has not attained menarche by the age of 14deg in the absence of growth or development of secondary sexual characteristics. OR No menarche by the age of 16 yearsdeg regardless of the presence of normal growth and development of secondary s... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
A i.e. Miniature end plate potential Small quanta (packets) of acetylcholine (Ach) are released randomly from the nerve cell membrane at rest, each producing a minute depolarizing spike called a miniature end- plate potential.Q - Miniature end plate potential does not result in firing of muscle fibre Its about 0.5 my i... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (b) Vitamin D is more than DBPRef: Parks Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine 24th Ed; Page No-886* Coefficient of variation (CV)=MeanSD x100* Standard Deviation (SD):# It is denoted by the Greek word sigma.# It gives us an idea of "spread" of dispersion.# Standard deviation =Variance * Coefficient of varia... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
a. Coarctation of aorta(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2205)Notching of the inferior border of 3rd - 9th ribs from pressure erosion by enlarged collateral vessels, is usually seen beyond the age of 3 years, in a child with coarctation of aorta. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Sleep apnea is a potentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and stas. If you snore loudly and feel tired even after a full night's sleep, you might have sleep apnea. The main types of sleep apnea are: Obstructive sleep apnea, the more common form that occurs when throat muscles relax Central... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Left ventricle o The heart has following borders and surfacesA) Bordersi) Right border:- Formed by right atrium.ii) Left border (obtuse margin):- Formed mainly by left ventricle and partly by left auricle (in its upper most part).iii) Inferior border (acute margin):- Formed mainly by right ventricle a... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Anti Histone antibody Drug induced lupus erythematosuso A lupus like syndrome may develop in patients receiving a variety of drugs, o Procainamide and hydralazine are most common offenders, o Most patients do not have symptoms of lupus erythematosus. o Anti ds DNA antibody is rareo There is an extreme... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The performance of a prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy reduced the risk of BRCA related gynaecologic cancer by 96%. The risk of developing subsequent breast cancer was reduced by 50% to 80%. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Necrotising noncaseating granulomas are present in cat Scratch disease caused by Bartonella Henselae. The granulomas show stellate microabscess surrounded by palisading histiocytes. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Silicosis | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Remanent of urachal cystMeckel's diverticulum is situated at the anti-mesenteric border of small intestine,o Meckel'S diverticulum is a true diverticulum as it has all the 3 layers of the intestine,o It s the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract,o Male to female ratio is 3 :2.o... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer is B (Drug induced cardiac toxicity) Features of cardiac failure in a patient on doxorubicin suggests the possibility of Anthracycline induced cardiac toxity.Risk of Anthracyclinc induced cardiac toxicity is increased with concomitent radiation and cyclophosphamide. cardiac failure after 6 months of chemotherapy... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Lepromin test is not a diagnostic test.The 2 drawbacks that stand in the way of this test being used for diagnosis are: Positive results in non cases Negative results in lepromatous and near lepromatous cases Reference; Park&;s Textbook of preventive and social medicine, 24th edition.Pg no. 338 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
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