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Ans. D. Latissimus dorsiThe bicipital groove (intertubercular groove) is a deep groove on the humerus that separates the greater tubercle from the lesser tubercle. The bicipital groove lodges the long tendon of the biceps brachii and also transmits a branch of the anterior humeral circumflex artery to the shoulder join...
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(d) Solution: GAS 558, 559, 630; GA 4, 6, 272, 284 Osgood-Schlatter disease is also called tibial tuberosity apophysitis and affects the area of the tibial tuberosity. It is not a disease but a problem of overuse, typically in boys of 12 to 14 years or girls 10 to 12 years of age. Very active boys and girls, usually du...
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Ref:Parks 23rd edition pg 136 specificity is defined as the ability of a test to identify those who do not have the disease. That is true negatives.
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The method of choice of tuberculosis detection in mass screening is Sputum smear examination by direct microscopy . The reliability, cheapness and ease of direct microscopic examination has made it number one case-finding method. 2 sputum smears samples over a period of 2days is collected in pts with history of cough >...
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C i.e. Cats, human (cat faeces and human tissue)Ref: Paniker's Textbook of Parasitology, 6th edition, page 96-103Explanation:Human ingesting either tissue cysts or oocysts-- rupture of cyst wall and release of organisms-- invade the small intestinal epithelium-- via mesenteric lymph nodes-- disseminates throughout the ...
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D i.e. Perforating Ulcer Leprosy and acquired syphilis are not vesico-bullous disordersQ (i.e. there is no vesicle and bullae formation, which can be seen in congenital syphilis). Neuropathic / Trophic /Perforating / Plantar - ulcer is a frequent complication (not clinical feature) of lepromatous leprosyQ because senso...
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Ans. A: Brugian malayi B. Malayi microfilariae resemble W. bancrofti and Loa loa microfilariae with minor differences that can aid in laboratory diagnosis. B. Malayi microfilariae can be distinguished by the noncontinuous row of nuclei found in the tip of the tail. There are two terminal nuclei that are distinctly sepa...
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Answer- C. High lipase levelClinical H/o jaundice/ pancreatitisElevated bilirubin level Abnormal LFTIncreased amylaseHigh lipase levelDilated CBD on preop USG
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Cereals include rice and wheat while Bajra and ragi are included in millets. The protein content of rice varies from 6-9%.They are richer in lysine than the other cereal proteins, and hence for this reason, rice protein is considered to be of better quality. REF. PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICAL 21ST ED...
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Ans: A (Surface ectoderm) Ref: Gray's Anatomy, 40th edition. pg. 700Explanation:Embryology of EyeThe developing eye appears in the 22 days embryo as a pair of shallow grooves on the sides of the forebrainOptic vesicle forms as a out pocketings of the forebrain which comes in contact with the surface ectodermThe optic v...
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SAWHNEY'S GRADING OF ANKYLOSIS  TYPE 1: Flattening or deformity of the condyle with little joint space seen on the radiograph. Extensive fibrous adhesions seen during operations.  TYPE 2: Bony fusion of the outer edges of the articular surfaces with no fusion in the deeper areas of the joint.  TYPE 3: A bridge of bone...
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Ans. (c) TelomeraseRef: Harper's Biochemistry, 30th ed. pg. 374, 732, 26th ed. Pg- 318* The ends of each chromosome contain structures called telomeres.* Telomeres consist of short, repeat TG-rich sequences. Human telomeres have a variable number of repeats of the sequence 5'-TTAGGG-3', which can extend for several kil...
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Mini-laparotomy Vs Laparoscopic sterilization FeaturesMinilaparotomyLaparoscopic sterilizationAdvantages Safe, effective and convenient methodDone as the outpatient procedureDone with minimal trainingDone in peripheral setting (PHCs and Camps)Used for mass sterilization for population controlDoes not need special train...
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The incidence of follicular carcinoma is high in endemic goitrous areas, with long-standing multinodular goitre, possibly owing to persistent TSH stimulation.Dominant or rapidly growing nodules, especially in longstanding goitres, should always be subjected to aspiration cytology.
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Allelic heterogeneity Different mutations in the same genetic locus can cause an identical or similar phenotype. eg- different mutations of the b-globin locus- b-thalassemia Phenotypic Heterogeneity When more than one phenotype is caused by allelic mutations e.g. Identical mutations in the FGFR2 gene- Crouzon syndrome ...
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Ans. is a i.e. Bilateral streak gonads Gonadal development is under the influence of sex chromosome.deg The testes determining gene is present on the Sex Determining Region of the Y chromosome (SRY)deg. Therefore when Y chromosome is present (even in presence of multiple X chromosomes) it leads to testes formation.deg ...
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A i.e. Hydroxypatite deposition
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The ventral pancreatic bud normally rotates around the duodenum to fuse with the dorsal pancreatic bud. Both pancreatic buds form from evaginations from the second pa of the duodenum, hence the rotation is around the second pa of the duodenum. The normal rotation is around the right side of the embryonic duodenum. Annu...
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ls thick
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Denonvilliers' fascia represents a membranous separation between the rectum and the prostate and urinary bladder. This septum is formed from the fusion of the lower end of the rectovesical pouch of peritoneum. Denonvilliers' fascia forms an impoant barrier to the spread of prostatic and rectal malignancy. Ref: Snell's ...
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Ans. is 'c' i.e., TSHo Currently. TSHQ is the most important test for determining thyroid dysfunction in both hypothyroid and hvperthvroid patients.o This has been made possible by the improvement in sensitivity oJ'TSH measurements over the years.o If the results of these sensitive assays for TSH is within the referenc...
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Verapamil is phenylalkylamine which depresses the SA node and slows AV conduction. Others are less potent. But verapamil can cause constipation It is class 4 antiarrhythmic drug REF.Essentials of Pharmacology KD Tripathi 8th ed.
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A i.e. 97%;
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Synthesis of HbF decreases rapidly postnatally, and by 6-12 months of age only a trace is present.
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PKD1 gene → Chromosome 16. PKD2 gene → Chromosome 4.
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Ans. is 'c' i.e., Herpes genitalis o Herpes genitalis is a sexually transmitted disease, characterized by appearance of multiple painful vesicles in clusteres in genital area which later on may ulcerate. These small ulcers may combine to form a large ulcer. First attack of this in infection may be associated with flu l...
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CCR3 is the receptor for eotaxin-2. Eosinophil chemokine receptors and their ligands: Receptor Chemokine CCR1 CCL3 (MIP-1a); CCL5 (RANTES) CCR3 CCL11 (Eotaxin1); CCL24 (Eotaxin 2); CCL26 (Eotaxin 3) CCL7, 8, 13 (MCP2-4); CCL5 CXCR1 & 2 CXCL8 (IL-8) Ref: Wardlaw A.J. (2010). Chapter 62. Eosinophils and Their Disorders. ...
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Derived Factors that increase Prevalence Prevalence increases with addition of diseased people (immigration) Prevalence increases with subtraction of healthy people (emigration) Prevalence increases with prolongation of life in chronic diseases Prevalence increases with decreased death rate amongst diseased Derived ...
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Urinary anion gap : used to differentiate GIT causes from Renal causes. UAG= Urine anions - urine cations =( HCO3-) - (NH4+) NORMAL = 0 In GIT cause : NEGATIVE In Renal cause : POSITIVE Ref: Harrison&;s 19thE
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Wermer syndrome is otherwise known as Multiple Endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1). It is characterised by primary hyperparathyroidism,endocrine tumours of pancreas, and abnormalities of pituitary (primarily prolactinoma). It is due to germline mutation of MEN1 tumour suppressor gene,which encodes a protein called menin...
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Ref Robbins 8/e p45 ..9/e p77 Chemotaxis. After extravasating from the blood, leuko- cytes move toward sites of infection or injury along a chem- ical gradient by a process called chemotaxis. Both exogenous and endogenous substances can be chemotactic for leuko- cytes, including the following: * Bacterial products, pai...
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D. i.e. Thoracic splanchnic nerves
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(c) Surgical treatment gives excellent prognosis(Ref. Scott Brown, 6th ed., 1403)Treatment is steroids and acyclovir like Bell's palsy. Rest are true.
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The best antibiotic for secondary prophylaxis is benzathine penicillin G (1.2 million units,or600,000units if <=27kg) delivered every 4weeks. It can be given every 3weeks, or even every 2weeks, to persons at, paicularly high risk. Oral penicillin V (250mg) can be given twice daily instead but is less effective than ben...
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Ans. is 'b' i.e., Moderate prevalence state Group I (High prevalent states): HIV infection in > 5% high risk group and 1% antenatal women.Group II (Moderate prevalent states) : HIV infection in 5% high risk group and < 1% antenatal women.Group III (Low prevalent states): HIV infection in < 5% high risk group and < 1% a...
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(Ref: KDT 6/e p548) Vasodilators can lead to reflex increase in the sympathetic activity. Activation of b1 receptors in the hea can cause tachyacardia and release of renin. Latter can result in retention of salt and water.
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(A) Enteric fever # Typhoid fever (Enteric fever): is an illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar typhi. Common worldwide, it is transmitted by the feco-oral route -- the ingestion of food or water contaminated with feces from an infected person> Pathophysiology: Following ingestion of an infectious ...
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Screening tests for hemochromatosis are: transferrin saturation or ferritin level (Both will be high) Confirmatory test for hemochromatosis: Genetic testing (C282Y homozygote or a compound heterozygote (C282Y/H63D). If the ferritin is >1000 g/L, the patient should be considered for liver biopsy. Ref: Harrison, E-18, P-...
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MID INGUINAL POINT Midpoint of line joining anterior superior iliac spine to pubic symphysis. Femoral aery, continuation of external iliac aery, begins behind the inguinal ligament at the midinguinal point. Deep ring- oval opening in fascia transversalis.1.25 cm above mid inguinal point. Superficial ring: triangular ga...
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Factor X is also called as Stua-Prower factor Ref: Ganong 25th ed/page 566
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Ans. is 'b' Vit. B12 deficit (Ref Harrison, 16/e, p 2458 (15/e, p 2432)).Patient with anaemia and post, column dysfunction is most likely suffering from subacute combined degeneration of the cord. (SACD)SACD occurs due to vitamin B12 deficiency.Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to megaloblastic anaemia and defects in myelin...
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Cystinuria is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by impaired tubular reabsorption of cystine and dibasic amino acids (ornitine,lysine and arginine) Thus occurs supersaturation of urine with cystine crystals leading to formation of radiopaque calculi . Reference : Ghai TB of pediatrics 8th edition pg 503.
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A heterozygous individual with HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 has a 33-fold greater relative risk for developing diabetes than individuals without these two HLA antigens. Homozygous individuals with HLA-B27 are more likely to develop ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter's disease. Patients who are homozygous for HLA-DR2 have a reduc...
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The plasma membrane of the apoptotic cell remains intact, but the membrane is altered in such a way that the cell and its fragments become avid targets for phagocytes. The dead cell and its fragments are rapidly cleared before cellular contents have leaked out, so apoptotic cell death does not elicit an inflammatory re...
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B i.e. Conversion to Glycogen
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Ans. is `b' i.e., Zinc Zinc containing enzymes are carboxypeptidase, carbonic anhydrase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, RNA polymerase and superoxide dismutase.
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Ionic Basis of Nerve Resting Membrane Potential • RMP: Resting membrane potential is a potential difference across the cell membrane in millivolts, which is by convention -70 Mv. • RMP is established by the diffusion potential that results from concentration differences of permeable ions. • Resting membrane potential (...
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Celiprolol is a selective beta1 blocker having additional weak beta 2 agonistic activity which reduces vascular resistance and is safe in asthmatics. Labetolol is an alpha and beta blocker. Carvedilol is a beta 1, beta 2 and alpha 1 adrenoreceptor blocker. Ref: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology By K D Tripathi, 5th ed...
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Ans a. (Leptospirosis). (Ref. Harrison, Medicine, 18th/Ch. 171)LeptospirosisCausative organism isLeptospira interrogans.Exposure to water contaminated with animal urine.# Maculopapular eruption; conjunctivitis; scleral hemorrhage in some cases.# Fever, haemorrhages, jaundice, renal failure, conjunctival congestion, pur...
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Answer- B. Hep BHBV-infected hepatocytes may show a cytoplasm packed with spheres and tubules of HBs Ag, producing a finely granular cytoplasm (ground-glass hepatocytes).
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Adenovirus causes pharyngitis, pneumonia, ARD, pharyngoconjunctival fever, EKC, acute follicular conjunctivitis, diarrhea, and acute hemorrhagic fever. Pharyngeoconjunctival fever is usually associated with serotypes 3,7 and 14. REF:ANANTHANARAYAN AND PANIKER'S TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9TH EDITION PAGE NO:482
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Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cyclophosphamide Hemorrhagic cystic is most commonly associated with cyclophosphamide (seen in 5-10 % of patients).In Harrison drugs causing hemorrhagic cystitis have been listed and this also includes Busulphan.Still, I prefer cyclophosphamide as the answer because none of the pharmacology books (Thi...
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High air flow oxygen enriched devices are fixed performance devices and deliver constant concentration of oxygen. They require face masks with holes to enable high volumes of air to entrained.
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(C) Streptococcus pneumoniae # Causative Organisms of ASOM:> Most common organisms in infants and young children are Streptococcus pneumoniae (30%), Haemophilus influenzae (20%) and Moraxella catarrhalis (12%).> Other organisms include Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus & sometimes Pseudomonas aeruginosa.> I...
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Normally, the sacral promontory is too distant to be palpable on vaginal examination. If the sacral promontory is palpable, this indicates that the conjugate diameter of the pelvis is smaller than normal, and a normal vaginal delivery may not be possible. The ischial spines are palpable. This landmark is used for admin...
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IMPEDANCE AUDIOMETRY It is an objective test, widely used in clinical practice and is paicularly useful in children. It consists of: (a) Tympanometry (b) Acoustic reflex measurements. Tympanometry Types of tympanograms: Type A: Normal tympanogram. Type As: Compliance is lower at or near ambient air pressure. Seen in fi...
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SSRI * IMPOANCE Most widely prescribed antidepressant * MECHANISM Specifically acts on serotonin transpoers and increases serotonin in synapse. DRUGS FLUOXETINE FLUVOXAMINE DAPOXETINE CITALOPRAM ESCITALOPRAM ESCITALOPRAM SERALINE PAROXETINE USE FLUOXETINE=============CHILDHOOD DEPRESSION FLUVOXAMINE===========OCD DAPOX...
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Varicella zoster virus lying dormant within the trigeminal ganglion can reactivate and spread through the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. While almost any ophthalmic abnormality can occur as a result, grouped vesicles in a dermatomal distribution are a classic finding. Skin lesions on the tip of the nose (...
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Isoflurane is the anaesthetic drug of choice in renal failure. It is useful in all degrees of renal impairment. Due to minimal hepatic metabolism resulting in very low levels of inorganic fluorides and because of its low cardiac arrythmogenicity isoflurane is an ideal agent for patients with renal failure. Ref: Drug Do...
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(C) Acetoacetate to ... # Ketone bodies (Acetoacetate and 3-Hydroxybutyrate) serve as a fuel for extrahepatic tissues> Liver forms ketone bodies but cannot utilize it.
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Ans. is 'c' i.e., Stage-3 McCal Ian's classification-McCallan in 1908 divided the clinical course of trachoma into 4 stages Stage 1 (Incipient trachoma) Hyperaemia of palpebral Stage 2 (Established tracoma) Stage 3 (Cicatrising trachoma) Stage 4 (Healed trachoma) Immature follicle Appearance of mature follicle & conjun...
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Ans. is 'a' i.e., Optic neuritis Clinical features of Optic neuritis* The condition is usually unilateral, except in toxic amblyopia. Major symptom of optic neuritis is profound vision loss and central vision is affected very early (in contrast to papilloedema). There is monocular sudden, progressive and profound loss ...
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Ans. c (Amoebic infection). (Ref. Harrison's, Principle of Medicine, 18th /Chapter 209. Amebiasis)PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY OF INTESTINAL AMOEBIASIS:# Both trophozoites and cysts are found in the intestinal lumen, but only trophozoites of E. histolytica invade tissue.# The trophozoite is 20-60 pm in diameter and conta...
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(b) Source: (Kliegman et al, pp 600-601. McMillan et al, p 1428. Rudolph et al, p 1427.) The radiographs are consistent with meconium ileus, a condition virtually pathognomonic for CF. Approximately 15% of children with CF will present with meconium ileus. Echogenic bowel on prenatal ultrasound can be an early hint. In...
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Answer- B. Hepatocellular CarcinomaDemographic/genetic factors: Asia, rural settingChronic hemolysisAlcoholic cirrhosisPernicious anemiaChronic biliary tract infection, parasite infections (Escherichia coli, Ascaris lumbricoides, Clonorchis sinensis)Increasing ageIleal disease, ileal resection orblpassCystic fibrosis
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Structures passing through the lesser sciatic foramen are tendon of obturator internus, internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve. Structures passing through greater sciatic foramen are:Piriformis muscleSuperior and inferior gluteal vesselInternal pudendal vesselPudendal nerveSciatic nervePosterior femoral cutaneous...
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Ans. is 'c' i.e., 0 o Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder. o If husband and wife are clinically normal and the child has developed the disease that means both husband & wife are carrier. o 25% will be affected and 75% will be phenotypically normal. o If one child is already affected, the chance for the d...
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Hepatocellular carcinoma and HBV Hepatis B is am impoant risk factor for HCC HBV persists in 3% of asymptomatic patients. But at increased risk of developing Liver cancer because of Integration of viral DNA to host DNA- Inhibition of apoptosis -Hepato-cellular carcinoma =High rate of hepatocyte proliferation- Refers to...
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Ans. is 'a' i.e., LDL o Maximum triglyceride contento Maximum exogenous triglyceride o Maximum endogenous triglycerideo Maximum cholesterol content----ChylomicronsChylomicronsVLDLLDL
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Ans. is 'a' i.e., Prostatic UrethraPosterior wall of prostatic urethra has :?a) Urethral crest : median longitudinal mucus fold.b) Colliculus seminalis (verumonatanum) : An elevation in the middle of urethral crest with the opening of prostatic utricle at its summit and ejaculatory duct on each side.c) Openings of ejac...
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Hypocalcaemia seizures carry good prognosis. Idiopathic seizures have bad prognosis.
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Genital Ridge
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Ans. is 'b' i.e., Tibialis anterior Ankle movementPrincipal musclesAccessory musclesDorsiflexionTibialis anteriorEDL, EHL, Peroneus tertiusPlantar flexionGastrocnemius, SoleusPlantaris. Tibialis posterior, FDL, FHL
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Answer- A. Metabolic AcidosisHemorrhagic shock is characterized by lactic acid accumulation causing lactic acidosis/metabolic acidosis.
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Ans. is 'd' i.e., Levonorgestrol Postcoital (emergency) pills a) Levonorgestrel 0.5 mg + ethinyl estradiol 0.1 mg --> within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse and repeated after 12 hours - Yuzpe method. b) Levonorgestrel alone 0.75 mg taken twice with 12 hour gap within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse --> method ...
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"Rotaviruses are recognized as the most common cause of diarrhoea disease in infants and children". Causes of acute diarrhea in children
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kerion - severe boggy lesions with a marked inflammatory reaction that sometimes develops in scalp infection due to dermatophytes. Reference: Textbook of Microbiology; Baveja; 4th edition
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Ans. is 'a' i.e., Yersinia pestis Infection caused by yersinia genus are divided into :? Plague :- It is a deadly infectious disease caused by yersinia pestis. Yersinosis :- It is characterized by infectious diarrhea, enteritis, ileitis and occasionally septicemia. It is caused by yersinia enterocolitica (most common) ...
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THE ELECTRIC MARK OR JOULE BURN: It is specific and diagnostic of contact with electricity and is found at the point of entry of the current. It is endogenous thermal burn due to the heat generated in the body from electricity. These marks are round or oval, shallow craters one to the and three cm. high around pa or th...
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Ans: A (Pemphigus vulgaris) Ref: Vesiculobullous disorders. In: Thuppa DM. editor Essentials in Dermatology, 2ndedn., New Delhi: Jay pee brothers medical publishers (P) Ltd 2009:114-26 Explanation:Pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disorder characterized by autoantibody formation against the intercellular cementing ...
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Hydroxyproline is catabolized more or less similar to proline. It is confer strength to fibrous proteins like collagen , elastin, keratin.etc.In vitamin C deficiency hydroxyproline synthesis is reduced , causing strength of fibers , leading to scurvy. The excretion of hydroxyproline in urine is increased in tumours inf...
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Ans. is 'c' i.e., Biparietal diameter at the vulval outlet o Repeat from previous sessions
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Ans. (a) Gall stone ileusRef: Sabiston 20th edition Page 1506* This is due to Cholecysto duodenal fistula which results in Pneumobilia and Obstruction
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Hyperfractionation - Lung cancer. Hypofractionation - Melanomas, Soft tissue sarcomas.
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(Ref: KDT 6/e p443, 444) Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) possess anticholinergic and sedative propeies. Amitriptyline and tripitramine possess highest sedative and antimuscarinic actions.
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Yersinia pestis Amongst the given options, only yersinia pestis produces stalactite growth. The girl has: - i) Signs of septicemia --> Fever, hypotension. ii) Axillary and inguinal lymphadenopathy iii) Stalactite growth These features are suggestive of septicaemic plague, which is caused by yersinia pestis. The clinica...
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Ans: B (Lateral condylar fracture humerus) Ref: Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 11th edition and Apley's System of Orthopaedics and Fractures. 9th editionExplanation:Forearm fractures in children are extra-articular injuries and can be managed conservatively with plaster after closed reduction of the fracture.All di...
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DRUG MECHANISM Rifampicin Inhibit transcription of RNA Isoniazid Act on mycobacterial membrane Streptomycin Inhibit protein synthesis Chloramphenicol Inhibit protein synthesis
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(A) FSGS GLOMERULONEPHRITISCINICAL FEATURESETIOLOGY* ADP-GN* Nephritic syndrome* Post-streptococcal (2/3rd cases)Diffuse proliferative GN* Gross hematuria + edema + hypertension* Leprosy, ABE, SBEAcute GN* Oliguria* RBC cast: most specific* RPGN (Crescentic GN)* Sub acute RF* Nephritic syndrome* Complement level Normal...
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Rituximab injection is used alone or with other medicines to treat a type of cancer called non-Hodgkin&;s lymphoma (NHL). It helps the immune system destroy cancer cells. Rituximab injection is a monoclonal antibody. Rituximab is used together with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide to treat a type of cancer called chron...
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Radiopaque stones: cysteine, oxalate & struvite Radiolucent stones: xanthine, uric acid. Allopurinol may lead to xanthine stones.
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Ans. (c) Exposure and response prevention followed by systemic desensitizationRef.: Harrison 19th ed. / 2712-13BEHAVIOUR THERAPYItis the treatment of choice in phobic disorders and and several other psychiatric illness. Exposure and response prevention followed by systemic desensitization behavior therapy is the treatm...
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Smoking impacts on and potentiates the mechanisms at three separate stages of the development of vascular disease (atherosclerosis):1) Endothelial dysfunction2) Monocyte recruitment and development of the plaque3) Thrombosis at the damaged vessel wallRef: The Nature Of Disease: Pathology For The Health Professions, By ...
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Clinical Triad for Diagnosis of PID Pelvic organ tenderness, Adnexal tenderness, Cervical motion tenderness (Suggests the presence of peritoneal inflammation, which causes pain when the peritoneum is stretched by moving the cervix and causing traction of the adnexa on the pelvic peritoneum) Direct or rebound abdominal ...
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Ans: A (Atopic dermatitis) Ref: Thappct DM. editor. Essentials in Dermatology, 2nd edn. New Delhi: JaypeeExplanation:ATOPIC DERMATITISChronic or relapsing dermatitis characterized by severe pruritus with age at onset between 2-6 months and associated with personal or family history of atopy (asthma, allergic rhino- con...
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For infants 3.5 to 10 kg the daily fluid requirement is 100 mL/kg. For children 11-20 kg the daily fluid requirement is 1000 mL + 50 mL/kg for every kg over 10. A guide for maintenance fluid therapy for children is as follows: 0-10 kg - 100 mL/kg/day (4 mL/kg/hr) 10-20 kg - 1000 mL/day + 50 mL/kg/day (40 mL/hr + 2 mL/k...
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After the scar is formed, it is remodeled to increase its strength and contract it. There is a shift of the type of collagen deposited, from type III collagen early in repair to more resilient type I collagen.
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Refer Katzung 13th/819 Pyrizanimde is most effective against slow growing bacteria inside macrophages Thus it possesses strong sterilizing activity
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. .coho study is a type of analytical study which is usually undeaken to supp the existence of an association between suspected cause and disease.also known as prospective study /longitudinal study/incidence study/forward looking study etc.the cohos are identified prior to the apperance of the disease under investigati...
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The synopsis for forensic medicine & toxicology Dr .ks.narayan reddy, 28th edition, Pg no. 108  Colour of the bruise indicates the age of a bruise, the colour change is due to the breaking down of hemoglobin into hemosiderin, haematoidin and bilirubin by the action of enzymes.  At first: red Few hours to 3 days: blue ...
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