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|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2505e36b48e05ce5d5ad17a971667787eaf1a61b
|
9715cbe7e8e57bb70f628b3bd021842f99fbad75
|
/ejemplos/02_root_finding/scilab/02_export_files/01_closed_methods/02_bisection/biseccion.sce
|
ba9d8bbec097f2abfe5753f3fd6f08edfd74e6ad
|
[] |
no_license
|
UNIVALLE-EISC/numerical-methods
|
a3e3f432a6dc54a5ba845789ace2bf39db7ac6fe
|
3ea9401e281523e15be0525bfe36e48560caf646
|
refs/heads/master
| 2021-01-10T15:22:36.080955
| 2018-10-02T21:37:42
| 2018-10-02T21:37:42
| 51,824,833
| 2
| 2
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 1,125
|
sce
|
biseccion.sce
|
function [xl, xu, xr, ea] = biseccion(funcion, xl, xu, niter)
//****************************************//
fid = mopen('matriz.dat', "w");
if (fid == -1)
error('cannot open file for writing');
end
mfprintf(fid, "%s %s %s %s %s %s %s\n", 'xl', 'xr', 'xu', 'fxl', 'fxr', 'fxu', 'ea');
//****************************************//
xr = xl;
for i = 1:niter
xrold = xr;
xr = (xl + xu)/2;
ea = abs((xr - xrold)/xr)*100;
fxl = funcion(xl);
fxr = funcion(xr);
fxu = funcion(xu); // No es necesario evaluarlo
//****************************************//
mfprintf(fid, "%f %f %f %f %f %f %f \n", xl, xr, xu, fxl, fxr, fxu, ea);
//****************************************//
if (fxl*fxr < 0) then
xu = xr;
else // fxr*fxu < 0 // Por esto no es necesario evaluar fxu
xl = xr;
end
end
//****************************************//
mclose(fid);
//****************************************//
endfunction
|
a9ef36a62381bd3f34378af9c73840057ec96e39
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/2075/CH9/EX9.1/pe9_1.sce
|
fef256959a09fd7c7eb44636760680432021d3c8
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 359
|
sce
|
pe9_1.sce
|
//example 9.1
clc;funcprot(0);
//Initialization of Variable
V=28;//V
C=4700;//microF
R=16;//load
f=120;//hertz
//calculation
Vp=V*2^.5-2;
disp(Vp,"peak voltage in V:")
Vd=.95*Vp;
disp(Vd,"load voltage in V:")
Id=Vd/R;
v=Id/f/C;
disp(v*1e6,"ripple voltage in V:")
//approximation
Vd=Vp-v*1e6/2;
disp(Vd,"approx. load voltage in V:")
clear()
|
ac895c04615726b4b3eff71e4ee4aa23798da996
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/1322/CH19/EX19.8/168ex2.sce
|
3c31d1489b0c2c49cef2aedd9b843fc18f2bfa0b
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 230
|
sce
|
168ex2.sce
|
//no. with logarithm -3.5416
clear;
clc;
close;
mantissa=0.5416;
disp("from anti-logarithm table, corresponding no.is 3840 ")
//characteristic is -3.\n \n hence there will be 2 zeros after the decimal point
val=0.003480
|
739399995166630fc3be1bf1c67040943c284d08
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/551/CH2/EX2.5/5.sce
|
70f12096da7eb3be6a8726f131efcce3e162b430
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 440
|
sce
|
5.sce
|
clc
d=0.5; //m
h=0.75; //m
m=4; //kg
Manometer_reading=620; //mm of Hg above atmosphere
Barometer_reading=760; //mm of Hg
V=%pi/4*d^2*h; //m^3
disp("(i) Total pressure in the vessel")
P=(Barometer_reading+Manometer_reading)*133.4/10^5; //bar
disp("P=")
disp(P)
disp("bar")
disp("(ii) Specific volume and density")
SV=V/m;
disp("Specific volume=")
disp(SV)
disp("m^3/kg")
D=m/V;
disp("Density=")
disp(D)
disp("kg/m^3")
|
9c1a52f822f42a870ecfe9eea0cbba534c81f480
|
ece5c630921508b439ed25c5f7ab3db5a66f7a1a
|
/Assignment1_Team8/PriorityEncoder8to3bit.tst
|
3b0a1cbd9a7c253ecdf36a6d5139207eae1cc339
|
[] |
no_license
|
VedantS01/HDLProjectsCS2310
|
f8d17d1c9c28034a21026a4fbe2ae5d38cf39330
|
d2a39a4c062173475bd06ff0b3396f1ac6303103
|
refs/heads/main
| 2023-06-19T20:42:48.411561
| 2021-07-14T19:37:51
| 2021-07-14T19:37:51
| 386,054,022
| 0
| 0
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 1,373
|
tst
|
PriorityEncoder8to3bit.tst
|
load PriorityEncoder8to3bit.hdl,
output-file PriorityEncoder8to3bit.out,
output-list x0%B3.1.3 x1%B3.1.3 x2%B3.1.3 x3%B3.1.3 x4%B3.1.3 x5%B3.1.3 x6%B3.1.3 x7%B3.1.3 s2%B3.1.3 s1%B3.1.3 s0%B3.1.3 en%B3.1.3;
set x0 1,
set x1 0,
set x2 0,
set x3 0,
set x4 0,
set x5 0,
set x6 0,
set x7 0,
eval,
output;
set x0 0,
set x1 1,
set x2 0,
set x3 0,
set x4 0,
set x5 0,
set x6 0,
set x7 0,
eval,
output;
set x0 0,
set x1 0,
set x2 1,
set x3 0,
set x4 0,
set x5 0,
set x6 1,
set x7 0,
eval,
output;
set x0 0,
set x1 0,
set x2 0,
set x3 1,
set x4 0,
set x5 0,
set x6 0,
set x7 0,
eval,
output;
set x0 0,
set x1 0,
set x2 0,
set x3 0,
set x4 1,
set x5 0,
set x6 0,
set x7 0,
eval,
output;
set x0 0,
set x1 0,
set x2 0,
set x3 0,
set x4 0,
set x5 1,
set x6 0,
set x7 0,
eval,
output;
set x0 0,
set x1 0,
set x2 0,
set x3 0,
set x4 0,
set x5 0,
set x6 1,
set x7 0,
eval,
output;
set x0 0,
set x1 0,
set x2 0,
set x3 0,
set x4 0,
set x5 0,
set x6 0,
set x7 1,
eval,
output;
set x0 1,
set x1 0,
set x2 0,
set x3 1,
set x4 0,
set x5 0,
set x6 0,
set x7 1,
eval,
output;
set x0 1,
set x1 0,
set x2 0,
set x3 1,
set x4 0,
set x5 1,
set x6 0,
set x7 0,
eval,
output;
set x0 0,
set x1 0,
set x2 0,
set x3 0,
set x4 0,
set x5 0,
set x6 0,
set x7 0,
eval,
output;
|
e7b9906361d781750ff828d49d3f4a9b6d0ebaaa
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/3136/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce
|
3258ac015d3aea91734ed8b20b597b991a9d7d04
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 1,752
|
sce
|
Ex6_8.sce
|
clear all; clc;
disp("Using figure 6.7 the specific speed Ns=N(V1^0.5)/(H_ad^0.75) should be calculated based on the inlet volumetric flow rate V1 and the adiabetic head per stage H_ad")
p1=14.7
R=53.3
T1=530
rho1=p1*144/(R*T1)//144 is conversion factor.the actual formula is rho1=p1/(R*T1)
printf(" From rho1=p1/(R*T1) =%0.3f lbm/ft^3, we have V1",rho1)
V1=100/0.075
printf("\n Thus V1= %0.0f ft^3/s.",V1)
disp("Also from equation (A.3), we have total adiabetic head ΣH_ad=Cp*T1*[(pe/pi)^((k-1)/k)-1]")
Cp=0.24
T1=530
pe=50
pi=14.7
//Let y= (k-1)/k
y=0.2857
H_ad=Cp*T1*778*[{(pe/pi)^(y)}-1]//778 is conversion factor
printf(" Thus ΣH_ad= %0.0f lbf-ft/lbm \n",H_ad)
disp("The specific speeds for different number of stages are calculated as follows ")
Ns=4800*(1333^0.5)/(41436^0.75)
printf(" For n=1 , Ns=4800*(1333^0.5)/(41436^0.75)=%0.0f ",Ns)
Ns=4800*(1333^0.5)/(13812^0.75)
printf("\n For n=3 , Ns=4800*(1333^0.5)/(13812^0.75)=%0.2f ",Ns)
Ns=4800*(1333^0.5)/(10359^0.75)
printf("\n For n=4 , Ns=4800*(1333^0.5)/(10359^0.75)=%0.0f ",Ns)
Ns=4800*(1333^0.5)/(6906^0.75)
printf("\n For n=6 , Ns=4800*(1333^0.5)/(6906^0.75)=%0.0f ",Ns)
Ns=4800*(1333^0.5)/(5179^0.75)
printf("\n For n=8 , Ns=4800*(1333^0.5)/(5179^0.75)=%0.0f ",Ns)
disp("Reading the curves in figure 6.7,the best efficient point is around Ns=280 with Eta=0.90")
disp("ds=D*(H_ad^0.25)/(V1^0.5)=0.7")
disp("Hence 8 stage mixed flow impellers are selected.")
D=0.7*(1333^0.5)/((41436/8)^0.25)
printf(" The impeller diameter is calculated to be = %0.1f ft",D)
m=100
H_ad=41436
Eta=0.9
Ps=m*H_ad/(Eta*550)//converting units
printf("\n The total required shaft power Ps=m*H_ad/(Eta)=%0.0f hp",Ps)
|
4fa53a3176bd0484c55827bd9007b4c0d529423d
|
a62e0da056102916ac0fe63d8475e3c4114f86b1
|
/set6/s_Electrical_Power_Systems_C._L._Wadhwa_1055.zip/Electrical_Power_Systems_C._L._Wadhwa_1055/CH22/EX22.6/ch22_6.sce
|
10e24b154e9ce1f2fed21aac3d1a3573e6764cb5
|
[] |
no_license
|
hohiroki/Scilab_TBC
|
cb11e171e47a6cf15dad6594726c14443b23d512
|
98e421ab71b2e8be0c70d67cca3ecb53eeef1df6
|
refs/heads/master
| 2021-01-18T02:07:29.200029
| 2016-04-29T07:01:39
| 2016-04-29T07:01:39
| null | 0
| 0
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 372
|
sce
|
ch22_6.sce
|
errcatch(-1,"stop");mode(2);// To discuss the effect of tap changing
;
V=1;
Qload=1*V
Qcap=-.75*V^2;
Qnet=Qload+Qcap;
VS=1-.75*2*V;// voltage sensitivity
mprintf("Voltage sensitivity=%.3f\n",VS);
mprintf("since the voltage sensitivity is negative ,\n voltage regulation by tap changing will reduce net reactive load and improive voltage stability ");
exit();
|
1323b6e2ec1d1e72f10cd3e52ab5b2fa5c4839bf
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/1910/CH1/EX1.7/Chapter17.sce
|
9c58627307cf81274187cc3207ae9e71b4bc8423
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 587
|
sce
|
Chapter17.sce
|
// Display mode
mode(0);
// Display warning for floating point exception
ieee(1);
clear;
clc;
disp("Introduction to heat transfer by S.K.Som, Chapter 1, Example 7")
//The temprature(T) of brick wall after sunset is 50°C
//The emissity value(emi)=0.9
//The radiant heat flux per square meter =E/A Where E is radiant heat energy and A is area of brick wall.
//The stefan-Boltzman constant(sigma)=5.6697*10^-8 W/(m^2*K^4).
T=50;
emi=.9;
sigma=5.6697*10^-8;
disp("The heat flux per square meter is given by E/A=emi*sigma*T^4 in W/m^2")
//Let E/A=F
F=emi*sigma*(T+273.15)^4
|
7c5ed5fb07e09d40f6ad9b18e697cd9adccd2627
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/1748/CH1/EX1.21/Exa1_21.sce
|
35f9cc2fa9af65e7e115856caa727b57296dd8a7
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 548
|
sce
|
Exa1_21.sce
|
//Exa 1.21
clc;
clear;
close;
//given data
format('v',7);
V=6600;//in Volts
KW=6000;//in KWatts
pf=0.8;//unitless
cos_fi=pf;//unitless
Eff=90;//in %
//Part (a) :
KVA=KW/cos_fi;//in KVAR
disp("KVA rating of the alternator : "+string(KVA)+" KVA");
//Part (b) :
TotalRating=KVA;//in KVA
VA=TotalRating*1000;//in VA
I=VA/(sqrt(3)*KW);//in Ampere
disp(I,"Current Rating in Ampere : ");
//Part (c) :
Input=KW/(Eff/100);//in KW
disp(Input,"Power Input(in KW) :");
Input=Input*1000/735.5;//in hp
disp(Input,"Power Input(in hp) :");
|
f838a3429173c73acdf7d1feff4cd4f7331b8c02
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/2975/CH31/EX31.17w/Ex31_17w.sce
|
6e53481f63f7e4f1f2c8c74f2c20d7c723dc30d4
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 770
|
sce
|
Ex31_17w.sce
|
//developed in windows 8 operating system 64bit
//platform Scilab 5.4.1
//example 31_17w
clc;clear;
//Given Data
area=100*10^-4; //Area of the cross section (Unit:m^2)
epsilon=8.85*10^-12; //Value of electric constant (Unit: C^2/N-m^2)
sepration=1*10^-3; //Sepration between the parallel plate (Unit:m)
charge=0.12*10^-6; //Charge of the capacitor (Unit:C)
voltage=120; //Battery voltage (Unit:V)
//Calculation
capacitance=charge/voltage; //Calculation of the capacitance (Unit: C)
k=capacitance*sepration/(epsilon*area); //Calculation of the dielectric constant (Unit:unitless)
disp(k,"The dielectric constant of the material filling the gap is (Unit:unitless)");
|
78e31411867271ae9ed99501527f0df112534759
|
6e257f133dd8984b578f3c9fd3f269eabc0750be
|
/ScilabFromTheoryToPractice/Programming/testwhile.sce
|
46c695bae6ce66e9ba0656776051a3d315b3cd13
|
[] |
no_license
|
markusmorawitz77/Scilab
|
902ef1b9f356dd38ea2dbadc892fe50d32b44bd0
|
7c98963a7d80915f66a3231a2235010e879049aa
|
refs/heads/master
| 2021-01-19T23:53:52.068010
| 2017-04-22T12:39:21
| 2017-04-22T12:39:21
| 89,051,705
| 0
| 0
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 72
|
sce
|
testwhile.sce
|
txt='';
i=0;
while i<10
i=i+1;
txt=txt+string(i)+' ';
end
i,txt
|
7a0c66f7bf5b7c3bf107481415ec738cccc58db7
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/40/CH8/EX8.7/Exa_8_7.sce
|
6a7f5a57ce2a91229bee29744b936d2c99240539
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 209
|
sce
|
Exa_8_7.sce
|
//relating DFT and IDFT
XDFT1=[4 -2*%i 0 2*%i];
xn1=fft(XDFT1,1);
disp(xn1,'The IDFT of XDFT1');
XDFT2=[12 -24*%i 0 4*%e^(%i*%pi/4) 0 4*%e^(-%i*%pi/4) 0 24*%i];
xn2=fft(XDFT2,1);
disp(xn2,'The IDFT of XDFT1');
|
4576673fb766f581bc85caa09789c9f5164a9ff8
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/1976/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce
|
5ac4f1e07ce339a74fa0f7b8b6f970750c121eff
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 932
|
sce
|
Ex4_6.sce
|
//To Determine the starting torque and starting current for various starters
//Page 206
clc;
clear;
V=400;//Rated Voltage //Phase Voltage //Delta Connected
Pr=50*735.5; //Rated Power
N=750; //Rated Speed
s=4.5/100; //Full load Slip
Il=50; //Full Load Current
Z=2.5; //Impedance per phase
w=2*%pi*N/60; //Angular Frequency
Tl=Pr/w; //Full Load Torque
Ist=V/Z; //Starting Current
Isl=sqrt(3)*Ist; //Line Current
//DOL Starter
Tstd=((Isl/Il)^2)*s*Tl; //Starting Torque
//Star - Delta Starter
Tsts=Tl*((1/sqrt(3))^2); //Starting Torque
//Autotransformer
tap=70/100; //Tapping
Tsta=(tap^2)*Tl; //Starting Torque
printf('The Starting Current for all the three starter are the same that is %g A\n',Isl)
printf('The Starting torque for:\n')
printf('i) D.O.L Starter : %g Nm\n',Tstd)
printf('ii) Star -Delta Starter : %g Nm\n',Tsts)
printf('ii) Auto Transformer with 70 percent tapping : %g Nm\n',Tsta)
|
93afe69790b3391c17d5a322bc88ece3abe35e97
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/842/CH9/EX9.25/Example9_25.sce
|
81296cda7066a5bd7a66fd5da1271007a5154274
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 355
|
sce
|
Example9_25.sce
|
//clear//
//Example9.25:LTI Systems Characterized by Linear Constant
//Coefficient differential Equation
//Finding Transfer function H(S) of LTI system
//x(t) = exp(-3t).u(t)
//y(t) = [exp(-t)-exp(-2t)].u(t)
syms t s;
X = laplace('%e^(-3*t)',t,s);
Y = laplace('%e^(-t)-%e^(-2*t)',t,s);
H = Y/X;
disp(H)
//Result
//(s+3)*(1/(s+1)-1/(s+2))
|
2e58f972fc58289b6ee5a369a3bab2769c938014
|
4a1effb7ec08302914dbd9c5e560c61936c1bb99
|
/Project 2/Experiments/AdaBoost/results/AdaBoost.NC-C.vowel-10-1tra/result7s0.tst
|
b2b3ecb6ae7728ccbed496a99f32c0c2cdd3effd
|
[] |
no_license
|
nickgreenquist/Intro_To_Intelligent_Systems
|
964cad20de7099b8e5808ddee199e3e3343cf7d5
|
7ad43577b3cbbc0b620740205a14c406d96a2517
|
refs/heads/master
| 2021-01-20T13:23:23.931062
| 2017-05-04T20:08:05
| 2017-05-04T20:08:05
| 90,484,366
| 0
| 0
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 967
|
tst
|
result7s0.tst
|
@relation vowel
@attribute TT integer[0,1]
@attribute SpeakerNumber integer[0,14]
@attribute Sex integer[0,1]
@attribute F0 real[-5.211,-0.941]
@attribute F1 real[-1.274,5.074]
@attribute F2 real[-2.487,1.431]
@attribute F3 real[-1.409,2.377]
@attribute F4 real[-2.127,1.831]
@attribute F5 real[-0.836,2.327]
@attribute F6 real[-1.537,1.403]
@attribute F7 real[-1.293,2.039]
@attribute F8 real[-1.613,1.309]
@attribute F9 real[-1.68,1.396]
@attribute Class{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
@inputs TT,SpeakerNumber,Sex,F0,F1,F2,F3,F4,F5,F6,F7,F8,F9
@outputs Class
@data
2 1
9 1
1 1
9 1
1 1
8 1
0 0
5 1
10 1
8 1
0 0
5 1
8 1
9 1
7 1
9 1
7 1
9 1
3 1
0 0
0 0
2 1
2 1
4 1
1 1
3 1
4 1
6 1
1 1
5 1
2 1
5 1
6 1
7 1
0 0
4 1
2 1
9 1
4 1
3 1
1 1
2 1
5 1
7 1
1 0
8 1
9 1
5 1
9 1
2 1
6 1
1 1
2 1
6 1
10 1
0 0
7 1
10 1
3 1
5 1
6 1
1 1
6 1
7 1
8 1
4 1
4 1
7 1
2 1
7 1
10 1
10 1
3 1
6 1
0 0
3 1
8 1
0 0
4 1
8 1
1 1
0 0
7 1
6 1
8 1
3 1
3 1
4 1
10 1
5 1
9 1
10 1
3 1
4 1
10 1
8 1
6 1
5 1
10 1
|
8b00e3151806ea0b5aaea30bc74d51f7025d52a0
|
8200349559e237758f87bc09a9eb4e0178932815
|
/Magnet/Scilab/cart2sphvect.sce
|
68956a633764ff4bcaee37025e3d09f966cc2354
|
[] |
no_license
|
rmorenoga/Testing
|
6e50ea8e5f334b6d69f25e56f81fd7a505c012bb
|
06713e61ababad3fb738ec4ac9ea771772585a12
|
refs/heads/master
| 2021-05-25T09:31:54.351782
| 2020-08-08T20:55:59
| 2020-08-08T20:55:59
| 35,949,400
| 0
| 0
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 362
|
sce
|
cart2sphvect.sce
|
function [thetacomp, phicomp, rcomp]=cart2sphvect(xcomp, ycomp, zcomp,theta,phi)
rcomp = sin(theta).*cos(phi).*xcomp + sin(theta).*sin(phi).*ycomp + cos(theta).*zcomp
thetacomp = cos(theta).*cos(phi).*xcomp + cos(theta).*sin(phi).*ycomp - sin(theta).*zcomp
phicomp = -sin(phi).*xcomp + cos(phi).*ycomp
endfunction
|
3b14eb066e7630690aecef34d27093396b5468c7
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/405/CH7/EX7.2/7_2.sce
|
7d31ff3997d6f6193c8d8cd9f76c4e411b42a245
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 1,175
|
sce
|
7_2.sce
|
clear;
clc;
printf("\t\t\tExample Number 7.2\n\n\n");
// heat transfer from isothermal vertical plate
// Example 7.2 (page no.-332)
// solution
H = 4;// [m] height of vertical plate
Tp = 60;// [degree celsius] plate temperature
Ta = 10;// [degree celsius] atmospheric temperature
// we first determine the film temperature as
Tf = (Tp+Ta)/2;// [degree celsius]
// the properties of interest are thus
v = 16.5*10^(-6);// [square meter/s]
k = 0.02685;// [W/m degree celsius]
Pr = 0.7;// prandtl number
Beta = 1/(Tf+273);// [K^(-1)]
g = 9.8;// [square meter/s] acceleration due to gravity
// and
Gr_into_Pr = (g*Beta*(Tp-Ta)*H^(3)*Pr)/(v^(2));
// we then may use equation (7-29) to obtain
Nu_bar_root = 0.825+(0.387*(Gr_into_Pr)^(1/6))/(1+(0.492/Pr)^(9/16))^(8/27);
Nu_bar = (Nu_bar_root)^(2);
// the heat transfer coefficient is
h_bar = Nu_bar*k/H;// [W/square meter degree celsius]
// the heat transfer is
A = H*10;// [square meter] for 10 m wide plate
q = h_bar*A*(Tp-Ta);// [W]
// as an alternative, we could employ the simpler relation
Nu = 0.1*(Gr_into_Pr)^(1/3);
printf("heat transfer if the plate is 10 m wide is %f W",q);
|
aed6b62eb73bb1b451ea85bc952a6036fc777ec3
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/1958/CH2/EX2.4/Chapter2_example4.sce
|
8989a81b20869b010ce2aaebf0af1d1249539f7e
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 224
|
sce
|
Chapter2_example4.sce
|
clc
clear
//Input data
m=0.05//Mass of the body in kg
v=[3,5]//Velocity in vector form 3i+4j in m/s
//Calculations
ke=(1/2)*m*(v(1)^2+v(2)^2)//Kinetic energy in J
//Output
printf('Kinetic energy is %3.2f J',ke)
|
67d7b1ad36b609547510fc29cb07b57fc30e6b82
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/24/CH43/EX43.9/Example43_9.sce
|
00aa9f2af0a19ba1fb5adbe7be2a96227f58c871
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 289
|
sce
|
Example43_9.sce
|
//Given that
dose = 3 //in J/kg
c = 4180 //in J.kg/K
m = 1 //(say)
//Sample problem 43-9
txt = mopen('Example43_9_result.txt','wt')
mfprintf(txt, '**Sample Problem 43-9**\n')
deltaT = (dose/m)/c
mfprintf(txt, 'The change in temprature of the body is %eK', deltaT)
mclose(txt)
|
3114c84344026562eb7f3b7a911c809a12ce089a
|
ebfed86dee276110294a4e93fa80377908bbd317
|
/macros/imshow.sci
|
056c9917b6688b1f3e2132f6eab13b92164653c3
|
[] |
no_license
|
gursimarsingh/FOSSEE-Image-Processing-Toolbox
|
a9d46b698c98566fec867eb2ce3cfeb427058d5c
|
165f6d7d1f20262a1637a923c6aad6e663ad1538
|
refs/heads/master
| 2021-08-16T19:18:59.591175
| 2017-11-08T17:55:04
| 2017-11-08T17:55:04
| 96,531,802
| 0
| 0
| null | 2017-07-07T11:21:10
| 2017-07-07T11:21:10
| null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 3,256
|
sci
|
imshow.sci
|
// Copyright (C) 2015 - IIT Bombay - FOSSEE
//
// This file must be used under the terms of the CeCILL.
// This source file is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
// you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
// are also available at
// http://www.cecill.info/licences/Licence_CeCILL_V2-en.txt
// Organization: FOSSEE, IIT Bombay
// Email: toolbox@scilab.in
function[] =imshow(Image,varargin)
// Used to view an image
//
// Calling Sequence
// src = imshow(Image);
// src = imshow(Image,winName);
// src = imshow(Image,winName,winSize);
//
// Parameters
// Image : Input image
// winName= Name of the image window specified as a string.
// winSize=Size of the image window specified as [rows,cols]
//
// Examples
// src = imread('images/lena.jpeg');
// imshow(src);
Image=mattolist(Image); //retrieving list and creating 3 dimensional matrix out of it
dimensions=size(Image) //convert hyper matrix to list
[lhs rhs]= argn(0);
if lhs>1
error(msprintf("Too many outut arguments"));
end
if rhs<1
error(msprintf("Not enough input arguments"));
end
if dimensions==3 then
[c d]=size(Image(1));
r=matrix(Image(1),c,d);
g=matrix(Image(2),c,d);
b=matrix(Image(3),c,d);
z(:,:,1)=r;
z(:,:,2)=g;
z(:,:,3)=b;
[NumberOfRows NumberOfColumns NumberOfChannels] = size(z);
winSize=[(1080/NumberOfRows)*NumberOfRows,(1920/NumberOfColumns)*NumberOfColumns];
NumberOfPixels = NumberOfRows * NumberOfColumns;
MaxGrayValue = 2 ^ 8 - 1;
ColorMap = double(matrix(z, NumberOfPixels, NumberOfChannels)) ...
/ MaxGrayValue;
Img = matrix(1 : NumberOfPixels, NumberOfRows, NumberOfColumns);
elseif dimensions==1 then // its a single channel image
MaxUInt8 = 8; //declaring MaxUInt8
depth = getDepth(Image(1));
if (strcmp(depth,'CV_16U')==0 | strcmp(depth,'CV_64F')==0 ) //if its a 16 bit image or a 64 bit float image
Image(1) = convert(Image(1),'CV_8U',255,0); //we'll convert it to 8 bit unsigned int
// if its a 64 bit float image, we assume that
//it has normalized for the range [0,1]
end
[c d]=size(Image(1));
Img=matrix(Image(1),c,d);
[NumberOfRows NumberOfColumns]=size(Img);
winSize=[(1080/NumberOfRows)*NumberOfRows,(1920/NumberOfColumns)*NumberOfColumns];
MaximumGrayValue = 2^MaxUInt8 -1;
ColorMap = graycolormap(double(MaximumGrayValue + 1));
end;
winName="Title";
if rhs>1 then
winName=varargin(1);
if type(winName) ~= 10
error(msprintf("Figure Name must be a string"));
end
if rhs==3
winSize=varargin(2);
end
end
show(Img,ColorMap,winName,winSize);
endfunction
|
cd384716c87b6839eb832cbfc5c2e8b7eba43ac2
|
df9b25ceab5916f0a9256bce2d326a82f8daa2b8
|
/app/public/views/partials/navbar.sce
|
54680367c145354d68f004ad796f57463ea61840
|
[] |
no_license
|
TheBrenny/SAD-assignment2
|
6625611ebde9619ca45bdb7996ef51a653868059
|
1f2b247c275b2d3327e58b8752d3e2e5a0cc5823
|
refs/heads/master
| 2023-01-21T16:46:45.535129
| 2020-11-02T01:22:18
| 2020-11-02T01:22:18
| 297,238,799
| 0
| 0
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 713
|
sce
|
navbar.sce
|
<div class="flex navbar">
<div class="navbarItem
[[?= page.toLowerCase() == 'home' || page == '' ]]
active
[[?==]]
" target="Home">Home</div>
<div class="navbarItem
[[?= page.toLowerCase() == 'students' ]]
active
[[?==]]
" target="Students">Students</div>
<div class="navbarItem
[[?= page.toLowerCase() == 'attendance' ]]
active
[[?==]]
" target="Attendance">Attendance</div>
<div class="navbarItem
[[?= page.toLowerCase() == 'activities' ]]
active
[[?==]]
" target="Activities">Activities</div>
<div class="navbarItem
[[?= page.toLowerCase() == 'planner' ]]
active
[[?==]]
" target="Planner">Planner</div>
</div>
|
ebeefb4119a05cc3fe33247c8460271183ca11ec
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/2354/CH3/EX3.2/3_2.sce
|
b28f146550bd79f07aad925a4710b48d7ffd343b
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 174
|
sce
|
3_2.sce
|
//example 3.2
clc; funcprot(0);
// Initialization of Variable
k=-4.6;//u2-u1;
W=17.6;//work done
m=4;//mass
Q=W+m*k;
disp(Q,"Energy transferred in kJ");
clear()
|
6393ed568b6773b1b887173f13f0c1446e306693
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/3843/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce
|
5aa74f3f9e758c400faceba3038fb27b47673491
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 634
|
sce
|
Ex4_9.sce
|
// Example 4_9
clc;funcprot(0);
// Given data
x=70/100;// The quality of steam
p_1=200;// kPa
p_2=800;// kPa
V=2;// m^3
v_f=0.0011;// m^3/kg
v_fg=0.8857;// m^3/kg
u_f1=504.5;// kJ/kg
u_fg1=2529.5;// kJ/kg
// Calculation
v=v_f+(x*(v_fg-v_f));// m^3/kg
m=V/v;// The mass in kg
u_1=u_f1+(x*(u_fg1-u_f1));// The internal energy at state 1 in kJ/kg
// From the steam tables at 800 kPa we find by extrapolation
v_1=v;// m^3/kg
v_2=v_1;// m^3/kg
u_2=((0.6203-0.6181)/(0.6181-0.5601))*(3661-3476);// kJ/kg
Q=m*(u_2-u_1);// kJ
printf("\nThe heat transfer,Q=%4.0f kJ",Q);
// The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
|
af0ee86aab54ab24b453e17f85f7c9b51fcb58fa
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/3630/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce
|
6b5d94225016350c178cf9ca89672480235bada2
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 136
|
sce
|
Ex2_6.sce
|
clc;
//ex2.6
Vs=4; //volt
Vd=0.7; //volt
R1=5100; //ohm
IT=(Vs-2*Vd)/R1; //Ampere//KVL int the circuit
disp('Ampere',IT*1,"IT=")
|
adf34245d828c2deb9acf9205cde5a0d32cf434e
|
6e257f133dd8984b578f3c9fd3f269eabc0750be
|
/ScilabFromTheoryToPractice/GettingStarted/testlanguage.sce
|
4559ebcd6dd271295d8377704f5ce2326e314f61
|
[] |
no_license
|
markusmorawitz77/Scilab
|
902ef1b9f356dd38ea2dbadc892fe50d32b44bd0
|
7c98963a7d80915f66a3231a2235010e879049aa
|
refs/heads/master
| 2021-01-19T23:53:52.068010
| 2017-04-22T12:39:21
| 2017-04-22T12:39:21
| 89,051,705
| 0
| 0
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 194
|
sce
|
testlanguage.sce
|
// retrieve the Scilab interface language
getlanguage() // in French at first
// modify Scilab interface language
setlanguage('en_US') // change to English
setlanguage('fr_FR');//to delete
|
de0c1141d72ee0084aad8e8c47dc2d7454c513cd
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/3648/CH27/EX27.11/Ex27_11.sce
|
7c118447d588741fd7a31851ed624ea28ceaa4dd
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 352
|
sce
|
Ex27_11.sce
|
//Example 27_11
clc();
clear;
//To find the activity of sr
t1=28 //units in Years
t1=t1*86400*365 //Units in sec
acti=6.022*10^26 //Units of Bq
m1=90 //Units in Kg
m2=0.001 //Units in Kg
N=(m2/m1)*acti //Units in constant
activity=0.693*N/t1 //Units in Bq
printf("The activity of sr=")
disp(activity)
printf("Bq")
|
39576213f23d1fcdb58eaf7ed036c5dac7c2854a
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/249/CH6/EX6.2/6_02.sce
|
d201f8fc5eafe16807958c5da66fdcde904c0ec1
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 521
|
sce
|
6_02.sce
|
clear
clc
//For single reactor and 90% Conversion
//From fig 6.6
kCot=90;
//For 2 reactor space time is doubled and from fig
kCot=180;
//From graph X=97.4%
X=97.4;
printf("\n Part a")
printf("\n The conversion in percentage is %f \n",X)
//For 90% Conversion & N=2.from graph
kCot=27.5;
//Comparing the reaction rate group for N=1 and N=2,We get
//(V2/v2)/(V1/v1)=27.5/90
//V2=2V1
//Ratio of flow rates
ratio=90*2/27.5;
printf("\n Part b")
printf("\n Treatment rate can be increased by %f \n",ratio)
|
5c847fc364ea678025aa4f6338bd9c4c9978d9a9
|
99b4e2e61348ee847a78faf6eee6d345fde36028
|
/Toolbox Test/midcross/midcross2.sce
|
13887668bac8a95c46cccbd2f586f48f004d751e
|
[] |
no_license
|
deecube/fosseetesting
|
ce66f691121021fa2f3474497397cded9d57658c
|
e353f1c03b0c0ef43abf44873e5e477b6adb6c7e
|
refs/heads/master
| 2021-01-20T11:34:43.535019
| 2016-09-27T05:12:48
| 2016-09-27T05:12:48
| 59,456,386
| 0
| 0
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 156
|
sce
|
midcross2.sce
|
//check o/p for row matrix
x=[1.2, 5, 10, -20, 12]
t=1:length(x)
midcrossvalue=midcross(x, t);
disp(midcrossvalue)
//output
// 3.6426667 4.335
|
f07b640714b18efb5f08d99a4a5a4ff1a3a74a31
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/3428/CH19/EX12.19.3/Ex12_19_3.sce
|
7c7482a2992673c5b52cdba8c6c5caca35296129
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 529
|
sce
|
Ex12_19_3.sce
|
//Section-12,Example-3,Page no.-SS.59
//To calculate the current produced in a small germanium plate.
clc;
n_i=2*10^19 //per m^3
e=1.6*10^-19 //coulombs
u_e=0.36 //m^2/Vsec
u_h=0.17 //m^2/Vsec
V=2 //V
l=(0.3*10^-3) //m
A=1*10^-4 //m^2
I=(n_i*e*(u_e+u_h)*V*A)/l
disp(I,'Current produced in a small germanium plate(Amp)')
|
d0172de19db6fc835a380d6788bccd9a92ce6682
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/978/CH4/EX4.8/Example4_8.sce
|
49ef517df702a28bd67723b6262bce93603dc7d5
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 662
|
sce
|
Example4_8.sce
|
//chapter-4,Example4_8,pg 490
//enter binary 1-bit values only
printf("RS flip-flop truth table\n")
S=input("enter value of S")
R=input("enter value of R")
Qn=input("Enter previous value of Q")
En=input("enter enable value")
if En==0 then
op=Qn
printf("op=%.f",op)
else if S==0&R==0 then
op=Qn
printf("op=%.f",op)
else if S==0&R==1 then
op=0
printf("op=%.f",op)
else if S==1&R==0 then
op=1
printf("op=%.f",op)
else if (S==1&R==1) then
printf("output not determinable\n")
end
end
end
end
printf("the relations are\n")
printf("Qn=(R+Qn*)*\n")//Q*=bitcmp(Q)
printf("Qn*=(S+Qn)*")
|
ff6473c211cfd3d7de362456fd6e90c606e9310d
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/1970/CH13/EX13.1/CH13Exa1.sce
|
4e6cae3078ccf7dd9ff63cdd330f2a37b4aef988
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 718
|
sce
|
CH13Exa1.sce
|
// Scilab code Exa13.1 : : Page-600 (2011)
clc; clear;
E = 200*1.6023e-13; // Energy released per fission, joule
E_t = 2; // Total power produced, watt
R_fiss = E_t/E; // Fission rate, fissions per sec
m = 0.5; // Mass of uranium, Kg
M = 235; // Mass number of uranium
N_0 = 6.023e+26; // Avogadro's number, per mole
N = m/M*N_0 // Number of uranium nuclei
E_rel = N*E/4.08*10^-3; // Energy released, kilocalories
printf("\nThe rate of fission of U-235 = %4.2e fissions per sec \nEnergy released = %e kcal", R_fiss, E_rel);
// Result
// The rate of fission of U-235 = 6.24e+010 fissions per sec
// Energy released = 1.006535e+010 kcal
|
f95daa30b05dddc6370b61189a259339d079c36d
|
e0124ace5e8cdd9581e74c4e29f58b56f7f97611
|
/3899/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce
|
12f667f2f967ea3a835f2a0bd9aba5ed994eb083
|
[] |
no_license
|
psinalkar1988/Scilab-TBC-Uploads-1
|
159b750ddf97aad1119598b124c8ea6508966e40
|
ae4c2ff8cbc3acc5033a9904425bc362472e09a3
|
refs/heads/master
| 2021-09-25T22:44:08.781062
| 2018-10-26T06:57:45
| 2018-10-26T06:57:45
| null | 0
| 0
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 366
|
sce
|
Ex15_2.sce
|
//Example 15.2
//Find the laplace transform and Roc of the following signal
clc;
close;
syms t;
a=3;b1=-8;
x1=exp(-t);
b=6;c=7;
s=b+c*%i;
X1=integrate((exp(-(s+1)*t)),'t',0,%inf);
x2=exp(2*t);
X2=integrate((exp(-(s-2)*t)),'t',-%inf,0);
disp(X1);
disp(X2);
X=X1+X2;disp(X);
disp(real(s));
disp('Since -1< real(s)>-2,so the integral converges');
|
dfa79c556cc8ae6c16facbef0cbf96b1531c6547
|
b9c6de66a61d6f9a57edaa44baf92266ccbab3db
|
/tests/chi-square/chi2pdf.tst
|
fe5ef9a11d4cda64bdabb810be533836ebcaa0ba
|
[] |
no_license
|
papriwalprateek/distfun-scilab
|
81b3edef0af1d1908e05472dfb15b0a55f61571d
|
82fd34521d1e6ebb6513773264b54a0d48f5f3f9
|
refs/heads/master
| 2016-09-03T07:08:47.605240
| 2013-10-13T05:53:43
| 2013-10-13T05:53:43
| null | 0
| 0
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 2,170
|
tst
|
chi2pdf.tst
|
// Copyright (C) 2012 - Prateek Papriwal
//
// This file must be used under the terms of the CeCILL.
// This source file is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
// you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
// are also available at
// http://www.cecill.info/licences/Licence_CeCILL_V2-en.txt
// <-- JVM NOT MANDATORY -->
//
// Test distfun_chi2pdf
//
// Check empty matrix
p = distfun_chi2pdf([],[]);
assert_checkequal(p,[]);
// Test with x scalar, k scalar
computed = distfun_chi2pdf(4,5);
expected = 0.1439759;
assert_checkalmostequal(computed,expected,1.e-7);
// Test with expanded x, k scalar
computed = distfun_chi2pdf([2 6],5);
expected = [0.1383692 0.0973043];
assert_checkalmostequal(computed,expected,1.e-6);
//
// Test with x scalar, k expanded
computed = distfun_chi2pdf(4,[4 7]);
expected = [0.1353353 0.1151807];
assert_checkalmostequal(computed,expected,1.e-6);
//
// Test with both x,k expanded
computed = distfun_chi2pdf([2 6],[3 4]);
expected = [0.2075537 0.0746806];
assert_checkalmostequal(computed,expected,1.e-6);
// Check vectorisation
k = 3;
x = linspace(1,100,100);
p = distfun_chi2pdf(x,k);
p2 = [];
for i = 1:100
p2(1,i) = distfun_chi2pdf(x(i),k);
end
// Accuracy test using data in chi2pdf.R.dataset.csv file
precision = 1.e-13;
path=distfun_getpath();
dataset = fullfile(path,"tests","unit_tests","chi-square","chi2pdf.R.dataset.csv");
table = assert_csvread ( dataset , "," , [] , "/#(.*)/" );
table = evstr(table);
ntests = size(table,"r");
for i = 1 : ntests
x = table(i,1);
k = table(i,2);
expected = table(i,3);
computed = distfun_chi2pdf(x,k);
assert_checkalmostequal ( computed , expected , precision );
// Compute number of significant digits
if ( %f ) then
d = assert_computedigits ( computed , expected );
mprintf("Test #%d/%d: Digits = %.1f\n",i,ntests,d);
end
end
// Check consistency CDF/PDF
n = 100;
k = 5;
p = linspace(0.01,0.99,n)';
x = distfun_chi2inv(p,k);
p1 = distfun_chi2pdf(x,k);
p2 = [];
for i = 1 : n
p2(i) = derivative(list(distfun_chi2cdf,k),x(i));
end
assert_checkalmostequal ( p1 , p2 , 1.e-5 , [] , "element");
|
9ba0f774be51af5d8c622ce166165eb113cfa169
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/3782/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce
|
f7424197b8ff3b6f8e7d1fde726f85d427cb31f0
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 203
|
sce
|
Ex5_9.sce
|
clear
//
//
a=2.245
b=3.375
AB=b-a
ap=1.955
bp=3.055
dAB=bp-ap
tl=(AB+dAB)/2
printf("\n true level of difference is %0.3f meters',tl)
rla=125.55
rlb=rla-tl
printf("\n RL of B = %0.3f meters',rlb)
|
5f21d621b2b7e8ee526ec24fcd702a03c60d3340
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/3875/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce
|
4d70d0838caaf7c228f1ca1b6ddd868a5594a91f
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 319
|
sce
|
Ex5_3.sce
|
clc;
clear;
lambda=5890*10^-8 //wavelength in cm
k=2
d_lambda=(5896 - 5890)*10^-8 //grating width in cm
d=2.5 //grating width in cm
//calculation
N=lambda/(k*d_lambda) //No. of grating lines
No_of_lines = N/d
printf("No. of lines per cm = %1.1f",No_of_lines) // The answers vary due to round off error
|
3470dc1e02d924a29ee45ee1d56c9e83d039974a
|
683d55d55e7449e5ffb06e17d669fd6e8d7eca1c
|
/src/stabplot.sce
|
dd49fc0e9569f6df92fac5e8d0ef55483fde69c8
|
[] |
no_license
|
lucciano/ssc-lcc
|
58efd303220cb36c09a305457fe5e5cc97e77b63
|
fcd50437ca953ef0b0491672a71bee19383bc09b
|
refs/heads/master
| 2021-01-19T20:15:53.904767
| 2014-04-26T20:15:03
| 2014-04-26T20:15:03
| null | 0
| 0
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 2,208
|
sce
|
stabplot.sce
|
function l=lma(F,x,y)
h=sqrt(x^2+y^2);
A=[0,1;-1,2*x/h];
l=max(abs(spec(eval(F))));
endfunction
//F='1/2 * ((eye(A) + h * A) + inv(eye(A) - h * A))'; //mixto
//F='(eye(A) + h/2 * A) * inv(eye(A) - h/2 * A)'; //ciclico
F='(eye(A) + 0.4*h * A) * inv(eye(A) - (1-0.4)*h * A)'; //ciclico-0.4
//F='(eye(A) + h * A) * 0 + (1-0) * inv(eye(A) - h * A)'; //metodo-1 ==BE
//F='(eye(A) + h * A) * 0.1 + (1-0.1) * inv(eye(A) - h * A)'; //metodo-0.1
//F='(eye(A) + h * A) * 0.2 + (1-0.2) * inv(eye(A) - h * A)'; //metodo-0.2
//F='(eye(A) + h * A) * 0.24 + (1-0.24) * inv(eye(A) - h * A)'; //metodo-0.24
//F='(eye(A) + h * A) * 0.249 + (1-0.249) * inv(eye(A) - h * A)'; //metodo-0.249
//F='(eye(A) + h * A) * 0.25 + (1-0.25) * inv(eye(A) - h * A)'; //metodo-0.25
//F='(eye(A) + h * A) * 0.251 + (1-0.251) * inv(eye(A) - h * A)'; //metodo-0.251
//F='(eye(A) + h * A) * 0.26 + (1-0.26) * inv(eye(A) - h * A)'; //metodo-0.26
//F='(eye(A) + h * A) * 0.3 + (1-0.3) * inv(eye(A) - h * A)'; //metodo-0.3
//F='(eye(A) + h * A) * 0.5 + (1-0.5) * inv(eye(A) - h * A)'; //metodo-0.5 ciclico
//F='(eye(A) + h * A) * 0.8 + (1-0.8) * inv(eye(A) - h * A)'; //metodo-0.8
//F='(eye(A) + h * A) * 1 + (1-1) * inv(eye(A) - h * A)'; //metodo-FE
//F='eye(A)+A*h';
//F='inv(eye(A)-A*h+(A*h)^2/2-(A*h)^3/6+(A*h)^4/24)';
//F='inv(eye(A)-A*h+(A*h)^2/2-(A*h)^3/6)';
//F='eye(A)+A*h+(A*h)^2/2+(A*h)^3/6';
//F='eye(A)+A*h+(A*h)^2/2';
//F='inv(eye(A)-A*h)';
//F='eye(A)+A*h+(A*h)^2/2+(A*h)^3/6+(A*h)^4/24';
//F='[zeros(A),eye(A),zeros(A);zeros(A),zeros(A),eye(A);25/144*(A*h)^2,-A*h/12-5/9*(A*h)^2,eye(A)+13/12*A*h+115/144*(A*h)^2]'
//F='(eye(A)+A*h)*0.24+inv(eye(A)-A*h)*0.76';
//F='(eye(A)+A*h*0.5)*inv(eye(A)-A*h*0.5)';
//F='[18/11*inv(eye(A)-6/11*A*h),-9/11*inv(eye(A)-6/11*A*h),2/11*inv(eye(A)-6/11*A*h);eye(A),zeros(A),zeros(A);zeros(A),eye(A),zeros(A)]';
//F='[2*h*A,eye(A);eye(A),zeros(A)]';
gridx=[-1:0.02:1]*15;
gridy=[0.0001:0.02:1]*15;
nx=length(gridx);
ny=length(gridy);
l1=ones(nx,ny);
for kx=1:nx
for ky=1:ny
l1(kx,ky)=lma(F,gridx(kx),gridy(ky))-1;
end
end
xset("fpf"," ")
contour(gridx,gridy,l1,[0 0])
contour(gridx,-gridy,l1,[0 0])
plot (1,1)
plot(-1,-1)
|
2a899b19e616eb564e5bc7764f576071222fdb08
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/1553/CH9/EX9.14/9Ex14.sce
|
850f9c2f1eccc3d07e5327747e09d12a34b13345
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 164
|
sce
|
9Ex14.sce
|
//chapter 9 Ex 14
clc;
clear;
close;
a=nthroot(6,4); b=sqrt(2); c=nthroot(4,3);
v=[a b c];
v=gsort(v,'lc','i');
mprintf("Largest number is %.3f",v(3));
|
7d7122fbac739aa80787da3cd456d3e838b63cf6
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/2783/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce
|
4de2df20c88257420f79caffd60c6a1bb6028b92
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 201
|
sce
|
Ex8_12.sce
|
clc
//initialization of new variables
clear
m=90 //kg
D=6 //m
g=9.8 //m/s^2
r=1.2 //kg/m^3
Cd=1.2
//calculations
R=D/2
S=%pi*R^2
U=sqrt(2*m*g/(Cd*r*S))
//results
printf('U = %.2f m/s',U)
|
d23425f66bcd1fb506f61e878496bedc9c1f2ddf
|
127061b879bebda7ce03f6910c80d0702ad1a713
|
/Property/PIL_Z2_cal.sci
|
fbe34b81f48eb6d0f424afd52e87f6916ebcf09a
|
[] |
no_license
|
pipidog/PiLib-Scilab
|
961df791bb59b9a16b3a32288f54316c6954f128
|
125ffa71b0752bfdcef922a0b898263e726db533
|
refs/heads/master
| 2021-01-18T20:30:43.364412
| 2017-08-17T00:58:50
| 2017-08-17T00:58:50
| 100,546,695
| 0
| 1
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 10,918
|
sci
|
PIL_Z2_cal.sci
|
// **** Purpose ****
// This code calculates the Z2 invariant of a 2D plane of a 3D object
// For 2D object, just input appropriate parameters.
// This code can calculate both Z2 or Floquet Z2
// **** Variables ****
// [lat],[hop],[scc],[flq]: structues
// <= the output of lat, hop, scc, flq in PiLab
// if Z2, let [flq]=[], if FZ2, let [hop]=[] & [scc]=[]
// [b_fix]: 1x2, int
// <= Only read when 3D, i.e lat.Primitive is 3x3
// b_fix(1): The fixed axis
// b_fix(2): The fixed value, 0 for 0 , 1 for %pi
// [b_mesh]: 1x2, int
// <= mesh of the half BZ. eg.[5,5] means you mesh the whole BZ from
// [-%pi,%pi] into 11x11. (always odd to include TRIM)
// [occ_band}: 1x1, int
// <= how many occupied bands below Ef
// [Z2_val]: 1x1, int
// => The Z2 invariant, can be 0 or 1
// [n_field]: tot_mesh points x 3
// => The n_field, [j1,j2,n_field]
// n_field=F_field+A1_diff-A2_diff, must be 0 or 1
// **** Version ****
// 04/30/2014 first version
// 06/06/2015 combine PIL_Z2_cal & PIL_Z2_flq
// **** Comment ****
// 1. These formulas can be found in JPSJ 76 053702. Note that all of their
// formulas are based on full-periodic Bloch functions (FPBFs) rather
// than cell-periodic Bloch functions (CPBFs). In Comp Phys Comm 183
// 1849, they uses CPBFs, so periodic gauge has to be properly handled.
// 2. This function determins Z2 or FZ2 by checking whether hop, scc, flq
// are empty objects.
function [Z2_val,n_field]=PIL_Z2_cal(lat,hop,scc,flq,b_fix,b_mesh,occ_band)
// check task type =================================================
if flq==[] & hop~=[] & scc~=[] then // hop
task=1
elseif flq~=[] & hop==[] & scc==[] // flq
task=2
else
disp('Error: PIL_Z2_cal, task cannot be specified!');
end
// check dimension =================================================
lat_size=size(lat.Primitive);
if lat_size(1)==2 then
lat.recip_vec=PIL_vec_3d(lat.recip_vec);
lat.recip_vec(3,:)=[0,0,0];
b_fix=[3,0];
end
// define & check paremeters ========================================
// reorder lat.recip_vec
if b_fix(2)~=0 & b_fix(2)~=1 then
disp('Error:PIL_Z2_cal, b_fix(2) must be 0 or 1');
abort
end
b_vec=lat.recip_vec(find([1:3]~=b_fix(1)),:);
// tot_state & TR_pair
tot_k=prod(2*b_mesh+1);
select task
case 1
tot_state=length(hop.state_info(:,1));
TR_pair=PIL_TR_pair(hop.state_info);
case 2
if prod(flq.Phase==[0,0])~=1 & prod(flq.Phase==[0,0,0])~=1
disp('Error:PIL_Z2_cal, flq.Phase must be all zero!');
abort;
end
tot_state=length(flq.state_info(:,1));
TR_pair=PIL_TR_pair(flq.state_info);
end
// classify k-points ===============================================
// [kx,ky,kz,j1,j2,zone,k_TR, k+1, k+2]
// zone: -1 (lower), 0 (TRIM), +1 (upper)
k_point=zeros(tot_k,9);
count=0
for n1=1:2*b_mesh(1)+1
for n2=1:2*b_mesh(2)+1
count=count+1;
j1=((n1-1)/(2*b_mesh(1)))-(1/2);
j2=((n2-1)/(2*b_mesh(2)))-(1/2);
k_point(count,1:3)=j1*b_vec(1,:)+j2*b_vec(2,:)...
+b_fix(2)*lat.recip_vec(b_fix(1),:)/2;
k_point(count,4:5)=[j1,j2];
// zone classification
if j2==-1/2 then // -%pi boundary
if j1 == -1/2 | j1 == 0 | j1 == +1/2
k_point(count,6)=0;
elseif j1 < 0
k_point(count,6)=+1;
elseif j1 > 0
k_point(count,6)=-1;
end
elseif j2==0 // 0 boundary
if j1 == -1/2 | j1 == 0 | j1 == +1/2
k_point(count,6)=0;
elseif j1 < 0
k_point(count,6)=-1;
elseif j1 > 0
k_point(count,6)=+1;
end
elseif j2==1/2 // +%pi boundary
if j1 == -1/2 | j1 == 0 | j1 == +1/2
k_point(count,6)=0;
elseif j1 < 0
k_point(count,6)=+1;
elseif j1 > 0
k_point(count,6)=-1;
end
elseif j2 < 0 // lower plane
k_point(count,6)=-1;
elseif j2 > 0 // upper plane
k_point(count,6)=+1;
end
// TR dual
k_point(count,7)=tot_k-count+1;
// generate k+1 & k+2
if k_point(count,4)~=1/2
k_point(count,8)=count+2*b_mesh(1)+1;
end
if k_point(count,5)~=1/2
k_point(count,9)=count+1;
end
end
end
// impose gauge ====================================================
// generate eigenstates of B- and B+ -------------------------------
//disp('PIL_Z2_cal: computing wave functions and guage fixing ...');
k_band=zeros(tot_state,tot_k);
k_vec=zeros(tot_state,tot_state,tot_k);
// B- & B+ not on edge
B_zone=find(k_point(:,6)==-1 ...
& (k_point(:,4)~=1/2 & k_point(:,5)~=1/2));
for n=1:length(B_zone)
k_ind=B_zone(n);
k_TR=k_point(k_ind,7);
select task
case 1
Hk=PIL_Hk_gen(k_point(k_ind,1:3),lat.surr_site,hop.state_info...
,scc.H_onsite,hop.hop_mat,'full');
case 2
Hk=PIL_Hk_flq(k_point(k_ind,1:3),lat,flq,'full');
end
[V,D]=spec(Hk);
// B- area
k_band(:,k_ind)=diag(D);
k_vec(:,:,k_ind)=V;
// check other degeneracy
// if (min(abs(k_band(1:2:$,k_ind)-k_band(2:2:$,k_ind)))<=1e-7)...
// | (min(abs(k_band(3:2:$-1,k_ind)-k_band(2:2:$-1,k_ind)))<=1e-7) then
// disp('Warning: PIL_Z2_cal, degeneracy beyond TR found at '...
// +'k_coff=['+string(k_point(k_ind,4))+','+string(k_point(k_ind,5))+']');
// end
// B+ area
k_band(:,k_TR)=k_band(:,k_ind);
k_vec(:,:,k_TR)=PIL_TR_op(V,TR_pair);
end
// B- on edge
B_zone=find(k_point(:,6)==-1 ...
& (k_point(:,4)==1/2 | k_point(:,5)==1/2));
for n=1:length(B_zone)
k_ind=B_zone(n);
k_TR=k_point(k_ind,7);
k_pbc=0;
if k_point(k_ind,4)==1/2 then
k_pbc=PIL_row_find(k_point(:,4:5),[-1/2,k_point(k_ind,5)]);
elseif k_point(k_ind,5)==1/2
k_pbc=PIL_row_find(k_point(:,4:5),[k_point(k_ind,4),-1/2]);
end
// B- area
k_band(:,k_ind)=k_band(:,k_pbc);
k_vec(:,:,k_ind)=k_vec(:,:,k_pbc);
//B+ area
k_band(:,k_TR)=k_band(:,k_ind);
k_vec(:,:,k_TR)=PIL_TR_op(k_vec(:,:,k_ind),TR_pair);
end
// B0 not on edge
B_zone=find(k_point(:,6)==0 ...
& (k_point(:,4)~=1/2 & k_point(:,5)~=1/2));
odd_state=[1:2:tot_state];
even_state=[2:2:tot_state];
for n=1:length(B_zone)
k_ind=B_zone(n);
select task
case 1
Hk=PIL_Hk_gen(k_point(k_ind,1:3),lat.surr_site,hop.state_info...
,scc.H_onsite,hop.hop_mat,'full');
case 2
Hk=PIL_Hk_flq(k_point(k_ind,1:3),lat,flq,'full');
end
[V,D]=spec(Hk);
k_band(:,k_ind)=diag(D);
// check degeneracy
// if min(abs(k_band(1:2:$-2,k_ind)-k_band(3:2:$,k_ind)))<=1e-7 then
// disp('Warning: PIL_Z2_cal, degeneray beyond TR found at '...
// +'k_coff=['+string(k_point(k_ind,4))+','+string(k_point(k_ind,5))+']');
// end
// odd state
k_vec(:,odd_state,k_ind)=V(:,odd_state);
// even state
V=PIL_TR_op(V,TR_pair);
k_vec(:,even_state,k_ind)=V(:,odd_state);
end
// B0 on edge
B_zone=find(k_point(:,6)==0 ...
& (k_point(:,4)==1/2 | k_point(:,5)==1/2));
for n=1:length(B_zone)
k_ind=B_zone(n);
if k_point(k_ind,4)~=0 & k_point(k_ind,5)~=0
k_pbc=PIL_row_find(k_point(:,4:5),[-1/2,-1/2]);
elseif k_point(k_ind,4)==0
k_pbc=PIL_row_find(k_point(:,4:5),[0,-k_point(k_ind,5)]);
elseif k_point(k_ind,5)==0
k_pbc=PIL_row_find(k_point(:,4:5),[-k_point(k_ind,4),0]);
else
disp('Error: PIL_Z2_cal, B0 k_pbc not found!');
abort
end
k_band(:,k_ind)=k_band(:,k_pbc);
k_vec(:,:,k_ind)=k_vec(:,:,k_pbc);
end
// check empty k_vec
for n=1:tot_k
if PIL_equal(sum((abs(k_vec(:,:,k_ind))).^2),tot_state)~=%t then
disp('Error: PIL_Z2_cal, k_vec is not conserved!');
abort
end
end
// define Berry phases functions ===================================
function U_val=U_link(basis_ind,k_ind)
U_val=det(k_vec(:,1:occ_band,k_ind)'...
*k_vec(:,1:occ_band,k_point(k_ind,7+basis_ind)));
U_val=inv(abs(U_val))*U_val;
endfunction
function F_val=F_field(k_ind)
k1_ind=k_point(k_ind,8);
k2_ind=k_point(k_ind,9);
F_val=log(U_link(1,k_ind)*U_link(2,k1_ind)...
*inv(U_link(1,k2_ind))*inv(U_link(2,k_ind)));
if abs(real(F_val)) >= 1e-5 then
disp('Error: PIL_Z2_cal, F_val is not pure imaginary!');
abort;
else
F_val=imag(F_val)
// move to main branch
F_val=F_val-(2*%pi)*round(F_val/(2*%pi));
if abs(F_val+%pi) < 1e-6 then
F_val=%pi;
end
end
endfunction
function A_val=A_field(basis_ind,k_ind)
A_val=log(U_link(basis_ind,k_ind));
if abs(real(A_val)) >= 1e-5 then
disp('Error: PIL_Z2_cal, A_val is not pure imaginary!');
abort;
else
A_val=imag(A_val)
// move to main branch
A_val=A_val-(2*%pi)*round(A_val/(2*%pi));
if abs(A_val+%pi) < 1e-6 then
A_val=%pi;
end
end
endfunction
function A_fd_val=A_fd(basis_fd,basis_ind,k_ind)
k_fd_ind=k_point(k_ind,7+basis_fd);
A_fd_val=A_field(basis_ind,k_fd_ind)-A_field(basis_ind,k_ind);
endfunction
// calculate n-field ===============================================
//disp('PIL_Z2_cal: computing n-field ...');
BZ_zone=find(k_point(:,4)<1/2 & k_point(:,5)<1/2);
tot_BZ=length(BZ_zone);
n_field=zeros(tot_BZ,3);
for n=1:tot_BZ
k_ind=BZ_zone(n);
n_field(n,1:2)=k_point(k_ind,4:5);
n_field(n,3)=(F_field(k_ind)-A_fd(1,2,k_ind)+A_fd(2,1,k_ind))/(2*%pi);
end
if PIL_equal(n_field(:,3),round(n_field(:,3))) then
n_field(:,3)=round(n_field(:,3));
else
disp('Error:PIL_Z2_cal, n_field are not integers!');
abort;
end
if abs(sum(n_field(:,3))) >= 1e-5 then
disp('Error:PIL_Z2_cal, sum over all n_field is not zero!');
abort;
end
Z2_val=pmodulo(sum(n_field(find(n_field(:,2)<0),3)),2);
endfunction
|
f994bf7c0e80e4e10a175e90d4909d37d6b361ab
|
1573c4954e822b3538692bce853eb35e55f1bb3b
|
/DSP Functions/allpasslp2lp/test_6.sce
|
5afd7e72091e27b0abf8ef15af481ff657472248
|
[] |
no_license
|
shreniknambiar/FOSSEE-DSP-Toolbox
|
1f498499c1bb18b626b77ff037905e51eee9b601
|
aec8e1cea8d49e75686743bb5b7d814d3ca38801
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-12-10T03:28:37.484363
| 2017-06-27T17:47:15
| 2017-06-27T17:47:15
| 95,582,974
| 1
| 0
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 237
|
sce
|
test_6.sce
|
// Test # 6 : Input Argument #1 range test
exec('./allpasslp2lp.sci',-1);
[n,d]=allpasslp2lp(1.1,0.9);
//!--error 10000
//Wo must lie between 0 and 1
//at line 39 of function allpasslp2lp called by :
//[n,d]=allpasslp2lp(1.1,0.9)
|
4274b4ebb63cec8388962f2a12cabba176283312
|
a62e0da056102916ac0fe63d8475e3c4114f86b1
|
/set7/s_Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_D._C._Kulshreshtha_2885.zip/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_D._C._Kulshreshtha_2885/CH14/EX14.4/ex14_4.sce
|
1c2c97271dc85798e0d74cabb916732e0bd11827
|
[] |
no_license
|
hohiroki/Scilab_TBC
|
cb11e171e47a6cf15dad6594726c14443b23d512
|
98e421ab71b2e8be0c70d67cca3ecb53eeef1df6
|
refs/heads/master
| 2021-01-18T02:07:29.200029
| 2016-04-29T07:01:39
| 2016-04-29T07:01:39
| null | 0
| 0
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 401
|
sce
|
ex14_4.sce
|
errcatch(-1,"stop");mode(2);//Design an adder circuit using an op amp
;
;
//soltion
//given
//Vo=-(V1+10*V2+100*V3)
Rf=100*10^3;//ohm
C1=1; //coefficient of V1
C2=10; //coefficient of V2
C3=100; //coefficient of V3
R1=Rf/C1;
R2=Rf/C2;
R3=Rf/C3;
printf("R1 = %.0f kΩ\n",R1/1000);
printf("R2 = %.0f kΩ\n",R2/1000);
printf("R3 = %.0f kΩ\n",R3/1000);
exit();
|
98b958ab5d8fa3a504ac53e12d0163ad13fe8c8f
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/2441/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce
|
5f2292d9c636da938e797acd48020aa5628a5663
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 786
|
sce
|
Ex1_1.sce
|
//exa 1.1
clc;clear;close;
format('v',6);
B=100;//W(8Bulb)
F=60;//W(2Fan)
L=100;//W(2Light)
LoadConnected=8*B+2*F+2*L;//W
disp(LoadConnected,"(a) Connected Load (W)")
//12 midnight to 5am
demand1=1*F;//W
//5am to 7am
demand2=2*F+1*L;//W
//7am to 9am
demand3=0;//W
//9am to 6pm
demand4=2*F;//W
//6pm to midnight
demand5=2*F+4*B;//W
DEMAND=[demand1 demand2 demand3 demand4 demand5]
max_demand=max(DEMAND);
disp(max_demand,"(b) Maximum demand (W)");
df=max_demand/LoadConnected;//demand factor
disp(df,"(c) Demand factor");
E=demand1*5+demand2*2+demand3*2+demand4*9+demand5*6;//Wh
E=E/1000;//kWh
disp(E,"(d) Energy consumed during 24 hours(kWh)")
Edash=LoadConnected*24/1000;//kWh
disp(Edash,"(e) Energy consumed during 24 hours if all devices are used(kWh)")
|
c7fd4881c95aa2c0646671c3839c0a3a5b8388ee
|
01cb1a69cecc62fe454a362b2a3cbdcac9e5985e
|
/fem.sci
|
aaa9fc710b4350c3232102ef4b884d6f24b02522
|
[
"MIT"
] |
permissive
|
Hermann-web/Finite-Element-Method-Implementation-with-scilab
|
aeca8d242fcb7e38dd801b786955b47cc98a98f7
|
340fb244cc67cb688f892586ac1da5d5d1085f52
|
refs/heads/main
| 2023-08-18T06:35:19.939408
| 2021-10-04T23:41:57
| 2021-10-04T23:41:57
| 413,571,151
| 1
| 0
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 3,661
|
sci
|
fem.sci
|
// Equipe
// AGOSSOU Hermann G1B
// AMANI Jean-Yves G1B
//définition du second membre
function y = f(x)
y = cos(x)
endfunction
// introduction du vecteur X
x = [0:0.1:1]
//tracé du second membre
//plot2d(x,f(x))
// définition de la solution théorique
function y= u(x)
y = -1 + (1-cos(1))*x + cos(x)
endfunction
//tracé de cette solution
plot2d(x,u(x)) //ca marche
//introduction de la dimension et du vecteur maillage
n = 5
disp("")
disp("dimension n = ")
disp(n)
disp("")
//definition du pas du maillage
p = 1/(n+1)
//
X = linspace(0,1,n+2)
//définition des fonction phi(i,)
function y = phi(i,x,X)
y = ((x-X(i))/(X(i+1)-X(i))).*bool2s(X(i)<x & x<=X(i+1)) + ((x-X(i+2))/(X(i+1)-X(i+2))).*bool2s(X(i+1)<x & x<=X(i+2))
endfunction
//tracé de la fonction phi(i=3 , ) cas i = 3
//x0 = [0:0.00001:1]
//i=3
//plot2d(x0,phi(i,x0,X)) //ca marche
// définition de la matrice de rigidité A
T = zeros(n,n)
T0 = T(1,:)
T0(1)= 2*(n+1)
T0(2) = -(n+1)
A = toeplitz(T0)
//affichage de deux elements de A
disp("affichage de la matriice de rigidité A")
disp("A = ")
disp(A)
disp("")
// definition de la fonction phi(i,x,X).cos(x))
function y = phiCos(n,j,x,X)
y = phi(j,x,X).*cos(x)
endfunction
//affichage de la fonction phiCos(n=5,i=3)
//n = 5
//j = 2
//x0 =0:0.001:1
//plot2d(x0,phiCos(n,j,x0,X))
// initialisation du second membre, le vecteur B
B = linspace(1,n,n)
for j =1:n
B0 = integrate('phiCos(n,j,x,X)','x',0,[1])
B(j) = B0(1)
end
//affichage du vecteur B
disp("")
disp("affichage du vecteur B")
disp("B = ")
disp(B)
disp("")
//résolution du système linéaire AU=B
sp = sparse(A)
Un = umfpack(sp,"\",B') //Un est un vecteur contement les valeurs de la solution approchée "un" aux points du maillage
//affichage des composantes de la solution du approchée
//disp(Un)
//tracé de la solution approchée "un" avec le vecteur Un
Un = Un'
//X1 = linspace(p,1-p,n) //un vecteur des points du maillage sauf 0 et 1 donc de x1 à xn
//plot2d(X1,Un)
// définition de la fonction un
X = linspace(0,1,n+2)
function y = un(x)
s = 0
for j = 1:n
s = s + Un(j)*phi(j,x,X)
end
y = s
endfunction
//tracé de la solution approchée "un" avec la fonction un
//x2 = 0:0.00001:1
//plot2d(x2,un(x2))
////Approximation de l'erreur en norme L2
I = 0 //initialisation de la valeur de l'intégrale de (u - un)^2
for i = 0:n
I = I + ( u(i/(n+1)) - un(i/(n+1)) )^2
end
I = I/(n+1)
// calcul de la norme L2 de (u - un)
Err_L2 = sqrt(I)
disp("")
disp("Erreur en norme L2")
disp("Err_L2 = ")
disp(Err_L2)
disp("")
////Approximation de l'erreur en norme H1
//calcul du vecteur des évaluations de UnPrime aux points du maillage
UnPrime = zeros(1,n+2)
UnPrime(1) = + (un(p))/p
UnPrime(n+2) = - (un(1-p))/p
for j = 2:(n+1)
UnPrime(j) =( un((j+1)*p) )/p - ( un(j*p) )/p
end
//calcul de la valeur de l'intégrale de (uPrime - unPrime)^2
I = 0 //initialisation de la valeur de l'intégrale de (uPrime - UnPrime)^2
for i = 0:n
I = I + ( u(i/(n+1)) - UnPrime(i+1) )^2
end
I = I/(n+1)
//calcul de la norme H1 de (u - un)
Err_H1 = sqrt(Err_L2^2 + I)
disp("")
disp("Erreur en norme H1")
disp("Err_H1 = ")
disp(Err_H1)
disp("")
// tracé de l'erreur = fct(n) en échelle logarithmique ie fct(n)=log(Err_H1(10^n))
plot2d(["ln"],[5 10 20 40 80 160 320 640], [0.2796968 0.2665998 0.2609445 0.2014898 0.1231447 0.1088801 0.1100329 0.1104319 ])
//Commentaire
//On n'obtient pas une pente de -1 ou inférieur à -1 donc ce n'est pas conforme à la théorie
|
1a1a01af7e461684e952f04d0bc1af4123bc01b7
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/854/CH9/EX9.3/Example9_3.sce
|
173c8f9031e6d815b4cb781a607a52922daa2964
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 561
|
sce
|
Example9_3.sce
|
//clear//
//Caption: Program to calculate the total torque acting on a planar rectangular current loop
//Example9.3
//page 271
clc;
ax = sym('ax');
ay = sym('ay');
az = sym('az');
x = 1;//length in metre
y = 2; //wide in metre
S = [0,0,x*y]; //area of current loop in square metre
I = 4e-03; //current in Amps
B = [0,-0.6,0.8];
T = I*cross_product(S,B);
Tx = float(T(1));
disp(Tx*ax*1e03,'Total Torque acting on the rectangular current loop in milli N/m=')
//Result
//Total Torque acting on the rectangular current loop in milli N/m = 4.8*ax
|
ad5fc7ba5230ab0c92a85482fb67669c9b7dec10
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/1271/CH2/EX2.16/example2_16.sce
|
f4e4db32142465e37d583849c8b4d652518ab121
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 564
|
sce
|
example2_16.sce
|
clc
// Given that
lambda = 5.89e-7 // wavelength of light in meter
b = 1.2e-6 // slit-width in meter
// Sample Problem 16 on page no. 2.44
printf("\n # PROBLEM 16 # \n")
m = 1 // for first minima
theta = asin((m * lambda) / b) // calculation for half angular width of the central bright maxima in radian
theta_ = theta * (180 / %pi) // calculation for half angular width of the central bright maxima in degree
printf("\n Standard formula used \n theta = asin((m * lambda) / b).\n")
printf("\n Half angular width of the central bright maxima = %f degree ",theta_)
|
67a70d4e9855ef4a97039f9d2c1a0021fd4011e0
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/527/CH5/EX5.8/5_8exam.sce
|
68f6355c5057e65a1baf960ad36da351e242700e
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 836
|
sce
|
5_8exam.sce
|
//Engineering and Chemical Thermodynamics
//Example 5.8
//Page no :241
clear ; clc ;
//Given
T_c = 126.2 ; //[K] , From appendix A.1
P_c = 33.8 * 10^5 ; //[N/m^2] , From appendix A.1
w = 0.039 ;// From appendix A.1
enth_dep_1 = -2.81 ; // From table C.1 Appendix C
A = 3.28 ;// From Appendix A.2
B = 0.593 * 10^-3 ;// From Appendix A.2
del_h_dep_l = -5.1 ;
del_h_dep_v = -0.1 ;
T1 = 151 ; //[K]
P1 = 100 * 10^5 ; //[N/m^2]
P2 = 1 * 10^5 ; //[N/m^2]
T2_r = 0.61 ; // From figure 5.4
T1_r = T1 / T_c ;
P1_r = P1 / P_c ;
P2_r = P2 / P_c ;
T2 = T2_r * T_c ; //[K]
function y=f(T),y = A * T + B/2 * T^2
endfunction
x = 1 / T_c *(f(T2) - f(T1)) ;
y = enth_dep_1 - x ;
disp(" Example: 5.8 Page no : 241") ;
disp(y)
X = ( y - del_h_dep_l) / (del_h_dep_v - del_h_dep_l);
printf("\n Quality = %.2f",X) ;
|
a60461a6b92c6822b57c619ae5a37c14fb534c64
|
8217f7986187902617ad1bf89cb789618a90dd0a
|
/source/1.1/macros/robust/dtsi.sci
|
a3c4793524ba35ecc9eb104fe2ec11ddda29d682
|
[
"LicenseRef-scancode-public-domain",
"LicenseRef-scancode-warranty-disclaimer",
"LicenseRef-scancode-unknown-license-reference"
] |
permissive
|
clg55/Scilab-Workbench
|
4ebc01d2daea5026ad07fbfc53e16d4b29179502
|
9f8fd29c7f2a98100fa9aed8b58f6768d24a1875
|
refs/heads/master
| 2023-05-31T04:06:22.931111
| 2022-09-13T14:41:51
| 2022-09-13T14:41:51
| 258,270,193
| 0
| 1
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 2,516
|
sci
|
dtsi.sci
|
function [ga,gs,gi]=dtsi(g,tol)
//[ga,gs,gi]=dtsi(g,[tol]) stable-antistable decomposition of g:
// g = ga + gs + gi (gi = g(oo))
// g can be given in state-space form or in transfer form.
// (see syslin)
// - ga antistable and strictly proper.
// - gs stable and strictly proprer.
// - gi = g(oo)
// tol optional parameter for detecting stables poles.
// Default value: 100*%eps
//!
[lhs,rhs]=argn(0),
if rhs=1 then tol=100*%eps,end,
if g(1)='r' then
//transfer
//----------------------------
num=g(2),den=g(3),var=varn(den),
[t1,t2]=size(num),
num1=0*ones(t1,t2),num2=num1,
den1=ones(t1,t2),den2=den1,
for i=1:t1,for j=1:t2,
n=num(i,j),d=den(i,j),
dn=degree(n),dd=degree(d),
if dn>dd then error('degree num. > degree den.'),end,
//alf and bet /alf*d1(unstable) and bet*d2(stable)=n.
if dd=0 then num2(i,j)=n,
else
pol=roots(d),
k=1,no=1,
[a,l]=sort(real(pol)),pol=pol(l),
while k<=dd,
if real(pol(k))<=tol then k=dd+1,
else
k=k+1,no=no+1,end,
end,
select no,
case 1 then num2(i,j)=n,den2(i,j)=d,
case dd+1 then num1(i,j)=n,den1(i,j)=d,
else
d1=poly(pol(1:no-1),var),d2=poly(pol(no:dd),var),
if dn=dd then d1o=poly([coeff(d1),0],var,'c'),
dd=dd+1,no=no+1,
else
d1o=d1,
end,
u=sylm(d1o,d2),cn=[coeff(n),0*ones(1,dd-dn-1)],
x=u\cn',
alf=poly(x(1:dd-no+1),var,'c'),
bet=poly(x(dd-no+2:dd),var,'c'),
num1(i,j)=bet,den1(i,j)=d1,
num2(i,j)=alf,den2(i,j)=d2,
end,
end,
end,end,
ga=list('r',num1,den1,'c'),gs=list('r',num2,den2,'c'),
gi1=ginfini(ga),gi2=ginfini(gs),
ga=ga-gi1,gs=gs-gi2,gi=gi1+gi2,return,
else
//state space:
//---------------------------
[a,b,c,d]=g(2:5),gi=d,
[n1,n2,t]=size(g),
[a,u0]=balanc(A);b=u0\b;c=c*u0;
[u,n]=schur(a,'cont'),
a=u'*a*u,
if n=t then ga=0,
gs=g,return,
end,
if n=0 then gs=0,
ga=g,return,
end,
// [ab,w,bs]=bdiag(A);
a1=a(1:n,1:n),a4=a(n+1:t,n+1:t),x=a(1:n,n+1:t),
z=sylv(a1,-a4,-x,'cont'),
w=[eye(n,n),z;0*ones(t-n,n),eye(t-n,t-n)],
wi=[eye(n,n),-z;0*ones(t-n,n),eye(t-n,t-n)],
tr=u*w,tri=wi*u';
bb=tri*b,b1=bb(1:n,:),b2=bb(n+1:t,:),
cc=c*tr,c1=cc(:,1:n),c2=cc(:,n+1:t),
ga=syslin('c',a4,b2,c2),
gs=syslin('c',a1,b1,c1);
end;
|
4563a5c6e277ecbc435c79e3dbe636f004f2a9e7
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/593/CH9/EX9.1/ex9_1.sce
|
6dbb77559cbf99bc4af7030809f8e5232b375d3f
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 813
|
sce
|
ex9_1.sce
|
clear;
//clc();
// Example 9.1
// Page: 219
printf("Example-9.1 Page no.-219\n\n");
//***Data***//
x_isopropanol = 0.4720;
x_water = 0.5280;
// From the table A.7 (page 427) reported in the book the Van Laar coefficients for isopropanol-water system at 1atm are given by
A = 1.0728;
B = 0.4750;
// Van Laar equations are given
// log10(Y_a) = A*x_b^(2)/(A/B*x_a+x_b)^(2)
// log10(Y_b) = B*x_a^(2)/(B/A*x_b+x_a)^(2)
// We calculate Y_isopropanol and Y_water as
Y_isopropanol = 10^(A*x_water^(2)/(A/B*x_isopropanol+x_water)^(2));
Y_water = 10^(B*x_isopropanol^(2)/(B/A*x_water+x_isopropanol)^(2));
printf(" Value of the liquid-phase activity coefficient for isopropanol is %f\n\n",Y_isopropanol);
printf(" And value of the liquid-phase activity coefficient for water is %f",Y_water);
|
3c843c88655bd473d049b178bb619e3eff7207b2
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/213/CH10/EX10.29/10_29.sce
|
9e384a02b8f55bed6a98d41df19cca8497e780e2
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 692
|
sce
|
10_29.sce
|
//To find maximum intensity of pressure
clc
//Given:
n1=3, n2=2, mu=0.3
d1=240, r1=d1/2, d2=120, r2=d2/2 //mm
P=25*1000 //W
N=1575 //rpm
//Solution:
//Calculating the angular speed of the shaft
omega=2*%pi*N/60 //rad/s
//Calculating the torque transmitted
T=P/omega //N-m
//Calculating the number of pairs of friction surfaces
n=n1+n2-1
//Calculating the mean radius of friction surfaces for uniform wear
R=(r1+r2)/(2*1000) //m
//Calculating the axial force on each friction surface
W=T/(n*mu*R) //N
//Calculating the maximum axial intensity of pressure
p=W/(2*%pi*r2*(r1-r2)) //N/mm^2
//Results:
printf("\n\n Maximum axial intensity of pressure, p = %.3f N/mm^2.\n\n",p)
|
4c6c70e6986d7ddf772bb229a160eb6b607ab141
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/839/CH14/EX14.1/Example_14_1.sce
|
a3bc589aec5458eff74df61b50a8779802ed8bb1
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 607
|
sce
|
Example_14_1.sce
|
//clear//
clear;
clc;
//Example 14.1
//Given
d = 150; //[mm]
T1 = 300+272; //[K]
T3 = 25+273; //[K]
eps1 = 0.56;
eps2 = 1.0;
eps3 = eps1;
sigma = 5.672
//(a)
//Using Eq.(14.38)
//q12 = sigma*A1*F12*(T1^4-T2^4)
//q23 = sigma*A2*F23*(T2^4-T3^4)
//At equilibrium, q12=q23
//From Eq.(14.39)
F12 = 1/(1/eps1+1/eps2-1)
F23 = F12;
//A1 = A2
T2 = (100*((T1/100)^4+(T3/100)^4)^(1/4))/2^(1/4); //[K]
disp('F',T2,'the temperature of lacquered sheet is')
//(b)
//From Eq.(14.38), heat flux
q12byA = sigma*F12*((T1/100)^4-(T2/100)^4); //[W/m^2]
disp('W/m^2',q12byA,'the heat flux is')
|
435f2620d36c5d33a0c458e6dac8cf577cc6b089
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/1106/CH7/EX7.10/ex7_10.sce
|
837318a2cac8a61513e79172b9828b1779f82a2d
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 272
|
sce
|
ex7_10.sce
|
// Example 7.10, Page No-352
clear
clc
f1=1070
RA=50000
C=0.01*10^-6
Rc=76//Standard Value
t=1.45/(f1*C)
RB=(t-RA)/2
printf('Assuming RA= 50 kohm and C= 0.01 uF')
RB=RB/1000
printf('\nHence, RB= %.2f kohm', RB)
printf('\nRc= %d ohm (Standard Value)', Rc)
|
56b8642570d7d2833e66d1e92136a5b7e1512b38
|
8217f7986187902617ad1bf89cb789618a90dd0a
|
/browsable_source/2.3/Unix-Windows/scilab-2.3/macros/scicos_blocks/EVTDLY_f.sci
|
b909a75b669d3543c2a38d54ea6c101027dd8637
|
[
"LicenseRef-scancode-warranty-disclaimer",
"LicenseRef-scancode-public-domain",
"MIT"
] |
permissive
|
clg55/Scilab-Workbench
|
4ebc01d2daea5026ad07fbfc53e16d4b29179502
|
9f8fd29c7f2a98100fa9aed8b58f6768d24a1875
|
refs/heads/master
| 2023-05-31T04:06:22.931111
| 2022-09-13T14:41:51
| 2022-09-13T14:41:51
| 258,270,193
| 0
| 1
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 1,374
|
sci
|
EVTDLY_f.sci
|
function [x,y,typ]=EVTDLY_f(job,arg1,arg2)
x=[];y=[];typ=[];
select job
case 'plot' then
standard_draw(arg1)
case 'getinputs' then
[x,y,typ]=standard_inputs(arg1)
case 'getoutputs' then
[x,y,typ]=standard_outputs(arg1)
case 'getorigin' then
[x,y]=standard_origin(arg1)
case 'set' then
x=arg1;
graphics=arg1(2);label=graphics(4)
model=arg1(3);
while %t do
[ok,dt,ff,label]=getvalue(['Set Event Delay block parameters';
'Delay is the delay between an input event ';
' and the generated output event';
'Block may initially generate an output event before ';
' any input event. ""Date of initial output event""';
' gives the date of this event. Set a negative value';
' if no initial event required'],..
['Delay';'Date of initial output event'],..
list('vec',1,'vec',1),label)
if ~ok then break,end
if dt<=0 then
message('Delay must be positive')
ok=%f
end
if ok then
graphics(4)=label
model(8)=dt
model(11)=ff
x(2)=graphics;x(3)=model
break
end
end
case 'define' then
dt=0.1
ff=dt
model=list('evtdly',[],[],1,1,[],[],dt,[],'d',ff,[%f %f],' ',list())
label=[string(dt);sci2exp(ff)]
gr_i=['dt=model(8);';
'txt=[''Delay'';string(dt)];';
'xstringb(orig(1),orig(2),txt,sz(1),sz(2),''fill'');']
x=standard_define([2 2],model,label,gr_i)
end
|
5677e267c08d4c8c13321ac7811c8319cde08849
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/2084/CH22/EX22.1/22_1.sce
|
d79e8961533a4a188db00fdfbb9cd33b1de68a67
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 396
|
sce
|
22_1.sce
|
//developed in windows XP operating system 32bit
//platform Scilab 5.4.1
clc;clear;
//example 22.1
//calculation of the luminous flux
//given data
lambda=600//wavelength(in nm) given
P=10//wattage(in W) of source
rellum=.6//relative luminosity
//calculation
//1 W source of 555 nm = 685 lumen
lumflux=P*685*rellum//luminous flux
printf('the luminous flux is %d lumen',lumflux)
|
258e9f2f3bfb00bb3a8b9ad411a5039d9654c12c
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/2078/CH10/EX10.14/Example10_14.sce
|
493294d3c4ea70d7819b8cfcbed67ee11f12dc18
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 364
|
sce
|
Example10_14.sce
|
//Exa 10.14
clc;
clear;
close;
//Given data :
S1=25;//m
S2=75;//m
Point_P=45;//m
L1=250;//m
L2=125;//m(mid point)
w=0.7;//kg/m
h1=S2-S1;//m(for points A & B)
h2=Point_P-S1;//m(for points A & B)
//h1=w*L1/2/T*[L1-2*x]
//h2=w*L2/2/T*[L2-2*x]
x=(L1-h1/h2/L1*L2*L2)/(-h1/h2/L1*L2*2+2);//m
T=(L1-2*x)/(h1/w/L1*2);//kg
disp(T,"Stringing Tension(kg)");
|
281bd47dabcab39b130e5d078993c3c8a3e2a2f7
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/343/CH2/EX2.31/ex2_31.sce
|
54f877b9f2f6ee0dd455bfa89432d35cfd8f95ec
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 473
|
sce
|
ex2_31.sce
|
clc
V=200+%i*0; //Assigning values to parameters
R1=10;
R2=20;
R=R1+R2;
L1=0.05;
L2=0.1;
f=50;
Xl1=2*%pi*f*L1;
Xl2=2*%pi*f*L2;
Xl=Xl1+Xl2;
C=50*10^-6;
Xc=1/(2*%pi*f*C);
X=Xc-Xl;
Z=R-%i*X;
[Ro,theta]=polar(Z);
I=V/Z;
Z1=R1+%i*Xl1;
Z2=R2-%i*(Xc-Xl2)
[Ro1,Theta1]=polar(Z1);
[Ro2,Theta2]=polar(Z2);
[ro,th]=polar(I);
V1=ro*Ro1;
V2=ro*Ro2;
disp("Amperes",ro,"Circuit Current");
disp("Volts",V1,"Voltage V1");
disp("Volts",V2,"Voltage V2");
|
3287892dc27b211735eb882a099381e157a517df
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/1223/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce
|
8beede8e42eac087c5be873d8f1f6ed48419b401
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 283
|
sce
|
Ex13_2.sce
|
clear;
clc;
//Example 13.2
Iref=0.72;
Ic17=0.75*Iref;
printf('\ncollector currents in Q17=%.2f mA\n',Ic17)
b=200;
Ib17=Ic17/b;
Ie17=Ic17;
R8=0.100;
Vbe17=0.6;
R9=50;
Ic16=Ib17+(Ie17*R8+Vbe17)/R9;
Ic16=Ic16*1000;
printf('\ncollector current in Q16=%.2f microA\n',Ic16)
|
197ab425c9f89e5d345b1d2c61bbb7b90d543cb9
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/615/CH2/EX2.2/2_2.sce
|
9a1d752663a3bb7320e746eac7fb96bcfe1c953c
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 2,326
|
sce
|
2_2.sce
|
//acids and bases//
//example 2.2//
//(a)//
N=0.002;//normality of acetic acid solution//
a=2.3;//percentage of ionization//
H=N*a/100;//concentration of H+ ion//
printf('the concentration of H+ ions is %fg.ion/lit',H);
pH=-log10(H);
printf('\n pH value of acid solution is %f',pH);
//(b)(i)//
N1=0.01;//normality of acetic acid solution//
a1=60;//percentage of ionization//
H1=N1*a1/100;//concentration of H+ ion//
printf('\nthe concentration of H+ ions is %fg.ion/lit',H1);
pH1=-log10(H1);
printf('\n pH value of acid solution is %f',pH1);
//(b)(ii)//
N2=0.1;//normality of acetic acid solution//
a2=1.8;//percentage of ionization//
H2=N2*a2/100;//concentration of H+ ion//
printf('\nthe concentration of H+ ions is %fg.ion/lit',H2);
pH2=-log10(H2);
printf('\n pH value of acid solution is %f',pH2);
//(b)(iii)//
N3=0.04;//normality of HNO3//
a3=100;//percentage of ionization//
H3=N3*a3/100;
printf("\nthe concentration of H+ ions is %fg.ion/lit",H3);
pH3=-log10(H3);
printf("\n the pH of 0.04NHNO3 solution is %f",pH3);
N4=0.0001;//normality of Hcl//
a4=100;//percentage of ionization//
H4=N4*a4/100;
printf("\nthe concentration of H+ ions is %fg.ion/lit",H4);
pH4=-log10(H4);
printf("\n the pH of 0.0001NHcl solution is %f",pH4);
N5=1;//normality of Hcl//
a5=100;//percentage of ionization//
H5=N5*a5/100;
printf("\nthe concentration of H+ ions is %fg.ion/lit",H5);
pH5=-log10(H5);
printf("\n the pH of 1NHcl solution is %f",pH5);
N6=0.1;//normality of HNO3//
a6=100;//percentage of ionization//
OH6=N6*a6/100;
printf("\nthe concentration of OH- ions is %fg.ion/lit",OH6);
Kw=10^-14;
H6=Kw/OH6;
pH6=-log10(H6);
printf("\n the pH of 0.1N NaOH solution is %f",pH6);
N7=0.001;//normality of NaOH//
a7=100;//percentage of ionization//
OH7=N7*a7/100;
printf("\nthe concentration of OH- ions is %fg.ion/lit",OH7);
Kw=10^-14;
H7=Kw/OH7;
pH7=-log10(H7);
printf("\n the pH of 0.01NaOH solution is %f",pH7);
//(b)(iv)//
W=4;//weight of NaOH dissolved in water in grams//
EW=40;//equivalent weight weight of NaOH//
N8=W/EW;
printf("\nnormality of NaOH is %fN",N8);
a8=100;//percentage of ionization//
OH8=N8*a8/100;
printf("\nthe concentration of OH- ions is %fg.ion/lit",OH8);
Kw=10^-14;
H8=Kw/OH8;
pH8=-log10(H8);
printf("\n the pH of NaOH solution is %f",pH8);
|
21cf80d339f6e23c8e1aed20e1f30eb76f916a5c
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/1898/CH9/EX9.10/Ex9_10.sce
|
4b44e4f39cb6dafb9cda7a9cf4a4038e4de7a95e
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 796
|
sce
|
Ex9_10.sce
|
clear all; clc;
disp("Scilab Code Ex 9.10 : ")
//Given:
sigma_x = -20; //MPa
sigma_y = 90; //MPa
tou_xy = 60; //MPa
//Construction of the circle:
sigma_avg = (sigma_x+sigma_y)/2;
R = sqrt(((sigma_x-sigma_avg))^2 + (tou_xy)^2);
//Maximum In plane Shear Stress:
tou_max = R;
theta_s1 = atan(-(sigma_x - sigma_avg)/(tou_xy));
theta_s1 = theta_s1/2*(180/%pi);
//Display:
printf('\n\nThe maximum in-plane shear stresses are = %1.1f MPa',tou_max);
printf('\n = %1.1f MPa',sigma_avg);
printf('\nThe orientation of the element is = %1.1f degrees',theta_s1);
//----------------------------------------------------------------------END--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
681c0166bb5063a623d9d113340b1ad532700bac
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/1802/CH7/EX7.18/Exa7_18.sce
|
5dbd30fbc696fe481fe5c2a6868e52003da14f92
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 356
|
sce
|
Exa7_18.sce
|
//Exa 7.18
clc;
clear;
close;
//Given data :
format('v',7);
VB=400;//in volt
ZAC=0.04+%i*0.08;//in ohm
ZCB=0.08+%i*0.12;//in ohm
I1=60*(0.8-%i*0.6);
I2=120*(0.8-%i*0.6);
VCB=I2*ZCB;//in Volt
VAC=(I1+I2)*ZAC;//in volt
VC=VB+I2*ZCB;//in Volt
disp(VC,"Voltage at C(in Volt) :");
VA=VC+(I1+I2)*ZAC;//in volt
disp(VA,"Voltage at A(in Volt) :");
|
4b01e73112d0c88a3fe2b482ad93e69d3c70a6c7
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/1430/CH2/EX2.16/exa2_16.sce
|
fe0ccee1b9b44530ad6fc9c420ea0e57db8eaf7c
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 413
|
sce
|
exa2_16.sce
|
// Example 2.16
// Thevenin Network via Source Conversions
// After Applying all Source conversion,Series & Parallel Reductions
v_oc=-6;// Open Circuit Voltage , from figure 2.35(b)
R_t=10;// Thevenin Resistance
R_l=2; // Load Resistance
i=6/(10+2); // Ohm's Law
disp(v_oc,"Open Circuit Voltage of Thevenin Network(in Volts)=")
disp(R_t,"Thevenin Resistance(in Ohms)=")
disp(i,"Load Current(in Amps)=")
|
051ebf42c1fe1a7384d93c8d5eaea31c4b9b431d
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/167/CH6/EX6.2/ex2.sce
|
d94f71fe9c332f947433d2bafb9e3cc435b2b2f1
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 364
|
sce
|
ex2.sce
|
//ques2
//Fuel Consumption Rate of a Car
clear
clc
W=65;//power of car engine in hp
n=0.24;//efficiency of car engine
Qh=W/n*2545;//heat of reservoir in Btu/h
r=19000;//output power required in Btu/lbm
m=Qh/r;//rate of burning of fuel required , in lbm/hour
printf('To supply energy at this rate, the engine must burn fuel at a rate of = %.1f lbm/h',m);
|
ba2a8165acc6fec908d889b5c8ec482a1a8c873b
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/2414/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce
|
051b6766b5451c838c6007ec3d70364e3bbbae46
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 338
|
sce
|
Ex6_7.sce
|
clc;
//page no 195
//prob no. 6.7
//All frequencies in kHz
//refer Ex 6.4
fi=250; //input freq
LSB=[fi-1 fi-3 fi-5]; //from Ex 6.7
//
fc=250.1; //carrier freq
f0sum=fc+LSB;
f0diff=fc-LSB;
disp(f0sum,f0diff,'(a) The output frequencies (in kHz) are ');
disp(f0diff,'(b) At low pass filter,the frequencies (in kHz) are ');
|
7bf67f6c353b9e77f111365609ea919a87c1b0a7
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/3819/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce
|
c69f8ad2640b43fcef9906bfdc31b2b197fc202e
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 353
|
sce
|
Ex1_1.sce
|
// A Textbook of Fluid Mecahnics and Hydraulic Machines - By R K Bansal
// Chapter 1-Properties of Fluid
// Problem 1.1
W=7
V=1/1000
g=9.81
d_water=1000
w=W/V
mprintf("The Specific weight of the liquid is %f \n",w)
d=w/g
mprintf("The density of the liquid is %f \n",d)
SG=d/d_water
mprintf("The Specific Gravity o fthe liquid is %f \n",SG)
|
58be46647f2b7677baa9acf9f00752942b4db48e
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/1529/CH10/EX10.2/10_02.sce
|
99149f9af0cfccfd52241fb84d1729df09c5872e
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 493
|
sce
|
10_02.sce
|
//Chapter 10, Problem 2, figure 10.6
clc;
I=0.008; //total circuit current
ra=10; //resistance of instrument
V=100; //total p.d
Va=I*ra; //calculating voltage across moving coil instrument
Rm=(V-(I*ra))/I; //calculating value of multiplier
printf("Multiplier Rm = %f K.ohm\n\n\n",Rm/1000);
printf("A resistance of value 12.49 k ohm needs to be connected in series with the instrument.");
|
e57aaa3dc85e34e277cdbea03dc9e99614d18c11
|
1485852dd59aafc286600126cf832a32e10f117f
|
/tests/textureFlattening/test2.sce
|
16eff9bc856da28647a0aae50e3c40f75d9a7a99
|
[] |
no_license
|
rg77/Scilab-Image-Processing-And-Computer-Vision-Toolbox
|
dec9fbbce32cfd1eab3c45ccb29c89aaa1384758
|
8adb116da3a9c29a32e5e0727105aff571e5b374
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-12-02T16:14:45.282650
| 2017-07-07T10:12:04
| 2017-07-07T10:12:04
| 96,524,257
| 0
| 0
| null | 2017-07-07T09:43:50
| 2017-07-07T09:43:50
| null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 209
|
sce
|
test2.sce
|
// changing the intensity
src = imread("../images/color2.jpeg");
[rows cols] = size(src);
mask = zeros(rows,cols);
mask(1:rows,1:cols/2) = 255;
output = textureFlattening(src,mask,70,150, 3 );
imshow(output);
|
98ac882eadee78edf1ffb8d284e30da82cb75cc4
|
25033eda4e7cd13f945f94c5dc35f15825066b42
|
/ExactCure/Uzawa/internet/uzawainternet.sce
|
51d512e2da7c94ddacde02f472d1ea58bc2cb877
|
[] |
no_license
|
julienguegan/Internships
|
a26cb9efa2f1715832511a7aa94d25bfc675388b
|
ad51d5845ed8fd41e29259c95e8beff80bac65cf
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-12-20T21:54:29.099157
| 2020-01-25T19:20:10
| 2020-01-25T19:20:10
| 236,217,889
| 0
| 0
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 1,102
|
sce
|
uzawainternet.sce
|
clear
function [x,i,resi]=U1(A,b,C,f,eta,Imax,rho)
x=zeros(b);
r=A*x-b;
nr=norm(r);
i=0;
err=eta;
resi=[];
lambda=zeros(n,1);
while (i<Imax & norm(C*x-f)>eta)
xold=x;
i=i+1;
x=inv(A)*(b-C'*lambda);
lambda = lambda+rho*(C*x-f);
r=A*x-b;
resi=[resi;err];
if nr>1e10; disp('Explosion!'); break; end;
end
if (err<eta); disp('Methode terminee normalement'); end
if (i==Imax); disp('Imax atteint! Augmenter le nombre d''iterations'); end;
endfunction
n=29;
h=1/(n+1);
n=29;
A=zeros(n,n);
A=zeros(28,28);
A(n,n)=2;
A(n,n-1)=-1;
for i=1:n-1 do
A(i,i)=2;
A(i,i+1)=-1;
A(i+1,i)=-1;
end
b=-20*ones(n,1);
eta=1e-4;
Imax=10000;
S=spec(A);
rho=1000;
t=zeros(n,1);
for i=1:n do
t(i)=i*h;
end
g=zeros(n,1);
for i=1:n do
g(i)=-1+max(0,0.565-10*(t(i)-0.4)^2);
end
C=-eye(n,n);
f=-g;
disp('rho :');disp(rho);
[x,i,resi]=U1(A,b,C,f,eta,Imax,rho);
clf;
xgrid(3);
plot2d((1:i),resi,logflag='nl', style=[5]);
xtitle('nombre d itérations = '+string(i));
disp('dernier residu :');disp(resi(i));
|
2ad3bf0406d6954c24f73325fe3b210ce9fa8f45
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/275/CH2/EX2.2.60/Ch2_2_60.sce
|
b42c89f07729defe3f5a3a24432a807f28b05c72
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 755
|
sce
|
Ch2_2_60.sce
|
clc
disp("Example 2.60")
printf("\n")
disp("Design a zener voltage regulator to meet following specification")
printf("Given\n")
printf("1 Resistance are in ohms \n 2 Current are in ampere \n 3 voltage sources are in volt\n")
//DC input voltage(10V[+-]20%)
Vimin=10-2
Vimax=10+2
//DC output voltage
Vo=5
//Load current
ILmax=20*10^-3
ILmin=0
//zener current
Izmax=80*10^-3
Izmin=5*10^-3
//maximum Resistance
Rmax=(Vimin-Vo)/(Izmin+ILmax)
//minimum resistance
Rmin=(Vimax-Vo)/(Izmax+ILmin)
//Required resistance
R=(Rmax+Rmin)/2
//load resistance
RL=Vo/ILmax
printf("minimum resistance %d ohm \n",Rmin)
printf("maximum resistance %d ohm \n",Rmax)
printf("required resistance %d ohm \n",R)
printf("load resistance %d ohm \n",RL)
|
45d3263dd01dc65f0d092e52d7b43d91c9435981
|
0e1b45c07f0938ba9c8a003d6ae1cf2d8315efdb
|
/russiancodecup.ru/2011/qualification/C/test-07.tst
|
be8f4fe41a8eed52c47dfbad633c1739476b918e
|
[] |
no_license
|
Kot-Angens/acm
|
c85d8582c3e84f218415321743864b9680e01f2e
|
05472eaa0fff7abb6679826085da5e0c990df4cb
|
refs/heads/master
| 2021-01-24T22:36:05.159612
| 2012-10-02T13:51:56
| 2012-10-02T13:51:56
| null | 0
| 0
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 47
|
tst
|
test-07.tst
|
1
6 100
aaxx
xxaa
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1
|
90792903224d791ef4c2eec679f405768a975f85
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/1571/CH9/EX9.12/Chapter9_Example12.sce
|
b909a088bae7dadc7fc60abf96b7845548530517
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 456
|
sce
|
Chapter9_Example12.sce
|
clc
clear
//INPUT
t1=340;//temperature of the atmosphere in K
t2=612;//temperature of the compression stroke in K
y=1.39;//adiabatic expansion
t3=2040;//temperature after constant volume ignition in K
//CALCULATIONS
d=(t2/t1)^(1/(y-1));//density in gm/cc
n=1-(1/d)^(y-1);//efficiency of the engine
p=((d)^(y))*(t3/t2);//maximum temperature of the temperature in atm
//OUTPUT
mprintf('the maximum pressure of the engine is %3.2f atm',p)
|
7a1f04ab9d2f56649268942f24bbde437c121ba8
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/1309/CH6/EX6.2/ch6_2.sce
|
28135818c3a6e9c13f52c5a6a9741583311716d0
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 812
|
sce
|
ch6_2.sce
|
clc;
clear;
printf("\t\t\tChapter6_example2\n\n\n");
// determination of average convection coefficient
T_avg=(140+70)/2;
printf("\nThe average bulk temperature is %d degree celsius",T_avg);
// properties of water at average bulk temperature from appendix table C11
rou=.994*62.4;
kf=.363;
cp=.9980;
a=5.86e-3;
v=0.708e-5;
Pr=4.34;
// specifications of 1 standard type M copper tube from appendix table F2
OD=1.125/12; // outer diameter in ft
ID=0.8792; // inner diameter in ft
A=0.006071 // cross sectional area in sq.ft
m_flow=1.5; // mass flow rate in lbm/s
V=m_flow*3600/(rou*A); // velocity in ft/hr
printf("\nThe velocity is %d ft/hr",V);
L=20;
Tw=240;
Tbo=140;
Tbi=70;
hL=-(rou*V*ID*cp*log((Tw-Tbo)/(Tw-Tbi)))/(4*L);
printf("\nThe average convective coefficient is %d BTU/(hr. sq.ft.degree Rankine)",hL);
|
c42aa4ba15d169014affa4fe3a7e649f54c98c97
|
6fc3947c7a1a92206203301d25c1076b9f3414ff
|
/data/word_level/ptb.tst
|
7ec7233f764bc24680b52d9afd95057efdaebdd6
|
[] |
no_license
|
zodiacR/Sentence_Completion
|
227677788e6dbfc1b4127c0515f4172c9f443b2e
|
544390e2449765c7a9792a8ab141f71dc6645d12
|
refs/heads/master
| 2021-01-01T17:32:02.686223
| 2015-11-03T05:32:41
| 2015-11-03T05:32:41
| 42,034,493
| 2
| 1
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 489,027
|
tst
|
ptb.tst
|
<s> Government officials here and in other countries laid plans through the weekend to head off a Monday market UNK -- but went out of their way to keep their moves quiet . </s>
<s> Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan was on the UNK , making it clear to officials in the U.S. and abroad that the Fed was prepared to UNK massive amounts of money into the banking system , as it did in October 1987 , if the action were needed to prevent a financial crisis . </s>
<s> And at the Treasury , Secretary Nicholas Brady talked with friends and associates on Wall Street while Assistant Secretary David UNK carefully UNK data on the Friday market plunge . </s>
<s> But the officials feared that any public announcements would only increase market jitters . </s>
<s> In addition , officials at the Fed and in the Bush administration decided that avoiding UNK actions and statements over the weekend would give them more strength and flexibility should Friday 's market drop turn into this morning 's UNK . </s>
<s> `` The disadvantage at this point is that anything you do that looks like you are doing too much tends to reinforce a sense of crisis , '' said one government official , insisting on UNK . </s>
<s> The Fed 's efforts at UNK were partly UNK Sunday morning , when both the New York Times and the Washington Post carried stories UNK a senior Fed official saying the central bank was prepared to UNK cash into the banking system Monday morning . </s>
<s> Fed Chairman Greenspan was surprised by both stories , according to UNK sources , and insisted he had n't authorized any public comment . </s>
<s> Nevertheless , Fed officials acknowledged the stories were reasonably accurate UNK of the central bank 's game plan . </s>
<s> It is prepared to assume the same role it played in October 1987 , providing money to the markets if necessary to keep the financial system UNK . </s>
<s> The Fed provides money to the banking system by buying government securities from financial institutions . </s>
<s> The UNK of federal officials was evident in the appearance Sunday of Budget Director Richard Darman on ABC 's `` This UNK . '' </s>
<s> `` Secretary of the Treasury Brady and Chairman Greenspan and the chairman of the SEC and others have been in close contact . </s>
<s> I 'm sure they 'll do what 's right , what 's prudent , what 's UNK , '' he said . </s>
<s> When it was suggested his comment was a `` UNK , '' Mr. Darman replied : `` It is a UNK . </s>
<s> But , in this context , that 's the smart thing to do . '' </s>
<s> At the Treasury , Secretary Brady issued a statement UNK the stock market 's drop . </s>
<s> `` Today 's stock market decline does n't signal any fundamental change in the condition of the economy , '' he said . </s>
<s> `` The economy remains UNK , and the outlook is for continued moderate growth . '' </s>
<s> But administration officials conceded that Friday 's drop carried the chance of further declines this week . </s>
<s> `` One possibility is that this is a UNK setback , reasonably limited in its UNK , and not a major problem , '' said one senior administration official , who also asked that he not be named . </s>
<s> `` The other is that we see another major disaster , like two years ago . </s>
<s> I think that 's less likely . '' </s>
<s> Nevertheless , Fed Chairman Greenspan and Vice Chairman Manuel Johnson were in their offices Sunday evening , monitoring events as they UNK in markets around the world . </s>
<s> The action was expected to begin with the opening of the New Zealand foreign exchange markets at 5 p.m. EST -- when stocks there plunged -- and to continue as the trading day began later in the evening in Tokyo and through early this morning in Europe . </s>
<s> Both the Treasury and the Fed planned to keep market rooms operating throughout the night to monitor the developments . </s>
<s> In Tokyo , share prices dropped sharply by 1.7 % in early Monday morning trading . </s>
<s> After the initial slide , the market appeared to be turning around but by early afternoon was headed lower . </s>
<s> In the Bush administration , the lead is being taken by Treasury Secretary Brady , UNK Robert UNK and Assistant Secretary UNK . </s>
<s> The three men worked together on the so-called Brady Commission , headed by Mr. Brady , which was established after the 1987 crash to examine the market 's collapse . </s>
<s> As a result they have extensive knowledge in financial markets , and financial market crises . </s>
<s> Mr. Brady was at the White House Friday afternoon when the stock market 's decline began . </s>
<s> He was quickly on the phone with Mr. UNK , who in turn was talking with the chairmen of the New York and Chicago exchanges . </s>
<s> Later , Mr. Brady UNK Mr. Greenspan , SEC Chairman Richard Breeden and numerous contacts in New York and overseas . </s>
<s> UNK say he continued to work the phones through the weekend . </s>
<s> Administration officials say President Bush was UNK throughout Friday afternoon and evening , even after leaving for UNK David . </s>
<s> He had frequent telephone UNK with Mr. Brady and Michael UNK , chairman of the counsel of economic advisers . </s>
<s> Government officials tried throughout the weekend to UNK a UNK appearance in order to avoid any sense of panic . </s>
<s> Treasury UNK David Mulford , for instance , was at a meeting of the Business Council in UNK Springs , Va. , when the stock market fell , and remained there through the following day . </s>
<s> And as of last night , Fed Chairman Greenspan had n't canceled his plans to address the American Bankers Association convention in Washington at 10 a.m. this morning . </s>
<s> Ironically , Mr. Greenspan was scheduled to address the same convention in Dallas on Oct. 20 , 1987 . </s>
<s> He flew to Dallas on Oct. 19 , when the market plummeted UNK points , but then turned around the next morning and returned to Washington without delivering his speech . </s>
<s> The Canadian government announced a new , 12-year Canada Savings Bond issue that will yield investors 10.5 % in the first year . </s>
<s> The annual interest rate for each of the next 11 years will be set each fall , when details of a new series are released . </s>
<s> Canada Savings Bonds are major government instruments for meeting its financial requirements . </s>
<s> The government has about UNK billion Canadian dollars ( US$ UNK billion ) of such bonds currently outstanding . </s>
<s> Only Canadian residents are permitted to buy Canada Savings Bonds , which may be redeemed any time at face value . </s>
<s> The bonds go on sale Oct. 19 . </s>
<s> The first major event this morning in U.S. stock and futures trading may be a UNK at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange . </s>
<s> Under a reform UNK from the 1987 crash , trading in the Merc 's stock-index futures will break for 10 minutes if the contract opens and stays five points from Friday 's close , a move equal to 40 points on the Dow Jones Industrial Average . </s>
<s> The aim of the UNK would be to ease the opening of the New York Stock Exchange , which would be UNK by such a volatile move on the Merc . </s>
<s> That UNK UNK is just one of a number of UNK adopted after the 1987 crash . </s>
<s> The Big Board also added computer capacity to handle huge UNK in trading volume . </s>
<s> Several of those UNK changes kicked in during Friday 's one-hour collapse and worked as expected , even though they did n't prevent a stunning plunge . </s>
<s> But the major `` circuit breakers '' have yet to be UNK . </s>
<s> A deeper market plunge today could give them their first test . </s>
<s> A further slide also would UNK debate over a host of other , more sweeping changes proposed -- but not implemented -- after the last crash . </s>
<s> Most notably , several of the regulatory steps recommended by the Brady Task Force , which UNK the 1987 crash , would be revived -- especially because that group 's chairman is now the Treasury secretary . </s>
<s> The most controversial of the Brady recommendations involved establishing a single UNK regulator to handle crucial UNK questions , such as setting consistent margin requirements for the stock and futures markets . </s>
<s> But for the moment , attention UNK on the reforms that were put into place , and market regulators and participants said the circuit breakers worked as intended . </s>
<s> Big Board and Merc officials expressed satisfaction with the results of two limits imposed on of the Merc 's Standard & Poor 's 500 contract , as well as `` UNK '' communications among exchanges . </s>
<s> Those UNK -- from UNK p.m. to UNK p.m. UNK and from UNK p.m. until the close of trading a half-hour later -- forced traders to buy and sell contracts at prices at or higher than their frozen levels . </s>
<s> During the first halt , after the S&P index had fallen 12 points , the Big Board 's `` UNK '' computer program automatically was triggered . </s>
<s> That system is designed to separate UNK program trades from all other trades to help exchange officials resolve order imbalances in individual stocks . </s>
<s> One Merc broker compared the action in the S&P pit during the two UNK to a fire at a UNK school . </s>
<s> `` You do n't want the fire but you know what to do , '' said Howard UNK , an independent floor broker and a Merc governor . </s>
<s> `` There was no panic . </s>
<s> The system worked the way we devised it to work . '' </s>
<s> After UNK for about 15 minutes , the S&P index tumbled to its UNK limit and the second freeze went into effect . </s>
<s> Traders then spent the last half-hour `` watching to see if the Dow would drop 250 points , '' Mr. UNK added , referring to the level at which the stock market itself would have closed for an hour . </s>
<s> One UNK estimated that 80 % to 90 % of the S&P traders `` were just standing around watching . '' </s>
<s> But the UNK circuit breaker never had to kick in , and UNK on the Chicago Board of Trade 's Major Market Index also were n't triggered . </s>
<s> The UNK and the S&P 500 are the two major indexes used by program traders to run their computerized trading strategies . </s>
<s> The programs are considered by many to be a major cause of the 1987 crash . </s>
<s> The process of UNK reforms began with calls to UNK the markets and wound up a year later with a series of rather technical adjustments . </s>
<s> In October 1987 , just after the market drop , Washington was UNK in talk of sweeping changes in the way the financial markets are structured and regulated . </s>
<s> Over the next year that grand agenda was UNK down to a series of steps to UNK big stock drops by UNK trading to give market players time to UNK and reconsider positions . </s>
<s> In addition , limits were placed on computer-driven trading , and steps were taken to better link the stock and futures markets . </s>
<s> Few changes were made in the way the markets are regulated . </s>
<s> At the UNK the prime target was program trading , which was much discussed but little understood on Capitol Hill . </s>
<s> There were also calls to strip the stock markets of `` derivative '' products , such as stock-index futures and options , which Federal Judge Stanley UNK , for example , UNK to `` UNK attached to the basic market . '' </s>
<s> And there was much criticism of the New York Stock Exchange 's system of having stock trades flow through specialists , or market makers . </s>
<s> When the Brady Task Force 's powerful analysis of the crash was released in January 1988 , it immediately UNK the reformers ' agenda . </s>
<s> UNK that the separate financial UNK acted as one , and UNK that the crash had `` raised the possibility of a UNK financial system breakdown , '' the presidential task force called for establishing a UNK to oversee the markets , to make margins consistent across markets , to UNK clearing systems and to install circuit breakers . </s>
<s> Only the last of those recommendations ever was implemented . </s>
<s> The Reagan White House held the Brady recommendations at arm 's length and named a second panel -- the Working Group on the Financial Markets -- to review its analysis and those of other crash studies . </s>
<s> In May 1988 , the Working Group , made up of representatives from the Federal Reserve , the Treasury , the Securities and Exchange Commission , and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission , finally endorsed only circuit breakers . </s>
<s> After several more months of arguments among various stock exchanges and futures markets , circuit breakers were set in place , with the most UNK UNK trading after 250 and 400 point drops in the Dow Jones Industrial Average . </s>
<s> UNK , some free UNK dismissed such UNK as UNK to UNK . </s>
<s> After all , this free-market argument went , the Dow only dropped more than 250 points once this century . </s>
<s> `` Circuit breakers '' set to UNK big drops : </s>
<s> -- If S&P futures fall 5 points at opening , contract trading UNK for 10 minutes . </s>
<s> -- If Dow UNK fall 25 points at opening , contract trading UNK for 10 minutes . </s>
<s> -- If S&P futures fall 12 points ( equivalent to about 100 points on UNK ) , trading is frozen for half hour to that price or higher . </s>
<s> On NYSE program trades are diverted into a separate computer file to determine buy and sell orders . </s>
<s> -- If S&P futures fall 30 points , trading is restricted for an hour to that price or higher . </s>
<s> -- If Dow UNK fall 250 points , trading on the Big Board UNK for an hour . </s>
<s> S&P and UNK contracts also halt . </s>
<s> -- If UNK drops 400 points , Big Board UNK trading for two hours . </s>
<s> Trading in UNK and S&P futures also halted . </s>
<s> Brady Task Force recommendations ( Jan. 1988 ) : </s>
<s> -- UNK an UNK regulator for financial markets </s>
<s> -- UNK UNK systems </s>
<s> -- Make margins consistent across stock and futures markets </s>
<s> SEC proposals ( May 1988 ) : </s>
<s> -- UNK prompt reports of large securities trades . </s>
<s> -- UNK SEC authority to monitor UNK by affiliates of brokerage firms . </s>
<s> -- UNK jurisdiction over UNK futures to SEC from UNK . </s>
<s> ( UNK by new SEC chairman ) </s>
<s> -- UNK SEC authority to halt securities trading , ( also opposed by new SEC chairman ) . </s>
<s> Congressional proposal : </s>
<s> -- UNK a task force to review current state of the securities markets and securities laws . </s>
<s> UNK the Soviet government 's television monopoly , an independent company has gained rights to show world programming , including American films . </s>
<s> `` There must not be a monopoly , there must be freedom of choice for both journalists and viewers , '' UNK I. UNK , the president of the UNK TV company , told the weekly newspaper UNK . </s>
<s> The company is already working on its own programming in several UNK cities and hopes to be on the air regularly in about a year , the newspaper said . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK told UNK that he recently had been to the U.S. to pick up the rights to show 5,000 U.S. films in the Soviet Union . </s>
<s> UNK 's article was accompanied by a picture of Mr. UNK UNK singer John Denver in Colorado . </s>
<s> Even though it will be independent of official television , UNK will have an oversight board that will include members of the Communist youth league . </s>
<s> South Africa 's National Union of UNK said that about 10,000 diamond UNK struck for higher wages at De Beers Consolidated UNK Ltd. </s>
<s> De Beers said that workers at five of the group 's mines were on strike , which it said was peaceful , with UNK UNK UNK at one of the mines . </s>
<s> The UNK in negotiations occurred with De Beers offering a 17 % increase in the UNK category while the union demanded a UNK % increase in the minimum wage . </s>
<s> Japan 's opposition Socialist Party denied that its legislators had been UNK by UNK owners . </s>
<s> The UNK had been raised in Parliament by the governing Liberal Democratic Party following magazine reports suggesting that money from UNK UNK , called pachinko , had UNK politics . </s>
<s> UNK UNK , secretary general of the Socialist Party , acknowledged that nine party lawmakers had received donations from the pachinko association totaling 8 million yen ( about $ 55,000 ) but said the donations were legal and none of its members acted to favor the industry . </s>
<s> The World UNK Fund for UNK said that Spain , Argentina , Thailand and Indonesia were doing too little to prevent illegal trade in UNK UNK across their UNK . </s>
<s> A report by the conservation group presented at the UNK UNK on International Trade in UNK UNK in UNK accused the four of trading protected UNK ranging from UNK to UNK . </s>
<s> Fund official Simon UNK said world trade in UNK was estimated to total $ 5 billion of business annually . </s>
<s> A NATO project to build a UNK for the 1990s was UNK by the UNK of three of its eight participating nations . </s>
<s> Britain , France and Italy announced technical reasons for UNK , but some officials pointed to growing reluctance among the allies to commit themselves to big defense spending while UNK UNK talks show signs of success . </s>
<s> Small wonder that Britain 's Labor Party wants credit controls . </s>
<s> A few hours after the party launched its own UNK credit card earlier this month , the UNK raised the nation 's base interest rate . </s>
<s> Labor 's Visa card is believed to be the first linked to a British political party . </s>
<s> Labor gets 25 pence ( 39 cents ) for every 100 ( about $ 155 ) that a user charges to the card . </s>
<s> As with other plastic in Britain 's UNK environment , the Labor card , UNK by UNK Bank , carries a stiff ( in this case , UNK % ) annual rate on the unpaid balance . </s>
<s> China 's UNK UNK program has achieved some successes in UNK UNK economic growth and stabilizing prices but has failed to eliminate serious defects in state planning and an UNK drain on state budgets . </s>
<s> The official China Daily said retail prices of UNK foods have n't risen since last December but acknowledged that huge government subsidies were a main factor in keeping prices down . </s>
<s> The State UNK Bureau found that more than 1 billion UNK ( $ 270 million ) was spent in the first half of the year for pork subsidies . </s>
<s> The newspaper quoted experts as saying the subsidies would cause the difference between prices and real values of commodities to `` become very UNK '' and reduce needed funds for investment in the `` already difficult state budget . '' </s>
<s> The aim of the UNK measures was to UNK economic growth , which soared to UNK % last year , to 8 % in 1990 . </s>
<s> Economists now predict the growth rate will be about 11.5 % for the year . </s>
<s> In a sign of growing official UNK for UNK , Russian UNK UNK were allowed to UNK the UNK anniversary of the Moscow UNK in the UNK 's UNK UNK UNK , where UNK were UNK ... . </s>
<s> A UNK , $ 7.7 million UNK of UNK was completed on a UNK outside Hong Kong , facing China . </s>
<s> The UNK is the UNK of UNK UNK UNK , director of the UNK UNK UNK , who said : `` Hong Kong is such a UNK place , we also need some kind of UNK symbol . </s>
<s> UNK Assurances of France gave details of its financing plans for its proposed $ 4.5 billion acquisition of Farmers Group Inc. , in amended filings with insurance regulators in the nine U.S. states where Farmers operates . </s>
<s> The proposed acquisition is part of Sir James Goldsmith 's unfriendly takeover attempt for B.A.T Industries PLC , the British tobacco , retailing , paper and financial services concern that is parent of Los Angeles-based Farmers . </s>
<s> In an attempt to UNK U.S. regulators ' concern over a Goldsmith acquisition of Farmers , Sir James in August agreed to sell Farmers to Axa if he is successful in acquiring B.A.T . </s>
<s> As part of the agreement , Axa agreed to invest $ 1 billion in UNK Investments Ltd. , Sir James 's acquisition vehicle . </s>
<s> Of the total $ 5.5 billion to be paid to UNK by Axa , about $ 1 billion will come from available resources of Axa 's parent , UNK Group , $ 2.25 billion will be in the form of notes issued by Axa , and the remaining $ 2.25 billion will be in long-term bank loans . </s>
<s> In an interview Thursday , UNK Bebear , chairman and chief executive officer of Axa , said his group has already obtained assurances from a group of banks led by Cie . Financiere de Paribas that they can provide the loan portion of the financing . </s>
<s> The other banking companies in the group are Credit Lyonnais , Societe Generale , BankAmerica Corp. and Citicorp , he said . </s>
<s> Mr. Bebear said UNK Group has `` more than $ 2.5 billion of UNK assets that we can and will sell '' to help pay off debt from the acquisition . </s>
<s> He said the assets to be sold would be `` UNK '' assets , including a beer company and a real estate firm , and would n't include any pieces of Farmers . </s>
<s> `` We wo n't put any burden on Farmers , '' he said . </s>
<s> The amended filings also point out that under a new agreement , UNK has an UNK obligation to sell Farmers to Axa upon an acquisition of B.A.T . </s>
<s> `` We hope that with what we did , the regulators will not need to evaluate UNK , and they can directly look at the agreement with us , because UNK wo n't be an owner of Farmers at anytime , '' Mr. Bebear said . </s>
<s> Any change of control in Farmers needs approval of the insurance UNK in the nine states where Farmers and its related companies are incorporated . </s>
<s> The amended filings were required because of the new agreement between Axa and UNK , and to reflect the extension that Sir James received last month under British takeover rules to complete his proposed acquisition . </s>
<s> UNK dropped its initial # UNK billion ( $ UNK billion ) takeover bid after it received the extension , but said it would launch a new bid if and when the UNK sale of Farmers to Axa receives regulatory approval . </s>
<s> A spokesman for B.A.T said of the amended filings that , `` It would appear that nothing UNK has changed . </s>
<s> The new financing structure is still a UNK leveraged one , and Axa still plans to take out 75 % of Farmers ' earnings as dividends to service their debt . '' </s>
<s> That dividend is almost double the 35 % currently taken out of Farmers by B.A.T , the spokesman added . </s>
<s> `` It would have severe implications for Farmers ' policy holders . '' </s>
<s> To fend off Sir James 's advances , B.A.T has proposed a sweeping restructuring that would UNK it to a tobacco and financial services concern . </s>
<s> The state-controlled insurer Assurances UNK de France said it has obtained regulatory approval to increase its stake in the financial holding company UNK de Navigation Mixte above 10 % from the current level of about 8 % . </s>
<s> Friday 's approval was needed to conform with UNK rules regarding companies with bank interests and follows a similar approval given Wednesday to Cie . Financiere de Paribas . </s>
<s> Both Paribas and UNK have been increasing their stakes in Navigation Mixte recently for what they have termed `` investment purposes , '' although the issue has been UNK by takeover speculation in recent weeks . </s>
<s> UNK did n't comment officially on its reasons for seeking the approval , but people close to the group said it was done to make sure the group would have the flexibility to increase its stake in the future , should interesting price opportunities arise . </s>
<s> An UNK official did specify , however , that there was no foundation to recent rumors the group might be acting in UNK with Paribas . </s>
<s> Following is a weekly listing of UNK net asset values of publicly traded investment fund shares , reported by the companies as of Friday 's close . </s>
<s> Also shown is the closing listed market price or a UNK asked price of each fund 's shares , with the percentage of difference . </s>
<s> b - As of Thursday 's close . </s>
<s> c - UNK at Commercial Rand exchange rate . </s>
<s> UNK - In Canadian dollars . </s>
<s> UNK - As of Wednesday 's close . </s>
<s> UNK - UNK UNK . </s>
<s> UNK - Not available . </s>
<s> UNK Financial Corp. , Dallas , said it will ask a U.S. bankruptcy court to allow it to hire Lazard UNK & Co. to help it sell its leasing unit . </s>
<s> UNK , UNK by Merrill Lynch Capital Markets , has been trying to sell its Equitable UNK UNK Co. for several months , apparently without success . </s>
<s> The real estate and mortgage banking concern had hoped to use proceeds from the sale to reduce its debt . </s>
<s> Without cash from asset sales and unable to reach a new UNK agreement , UNK UNK on $ 145 million in notes that became due Sept. 1 . </s>
<s> It filed for protection from creditors under Chapter 11 of the federal Bankruptcy Code Sept. 24 to give it additional time to work on a plan to restructure its $ UNK billion in senior debt . </s>
<s> UNK said Merrill Lynch , which owns bonds and equity in UNK , could n't continue as UNK 's investment banker because it is also a creditor . </s>
<s> It said it chose Lazard in part because of Lazard 's offices in Europe and Japan , where investors might be interested in a U.S. leasing company . </s>
<s> Drug UNK Inc. said Gary UNK , 39 years old , who had been president and chief operating officer for the past year , was named chief executive officer of this UNK chain . </s>
<s> He succeeds his father , Philip T. UNK , who founded the company and remains chairman . </s>
<s> Robert E. UNK III , 39 , who headed the company 's Philadelphia region , was appointed president and chief operating officer , succeeding Gary UNK . </s>
<s> Business UNK subscribers may hear this week 's issue talking back to them . </s>
<s> A UNK ad from Texas Instruments Inc. , running in approximately UNK issues of the Oct. 20 `` Corporate UNK '' issue of the McGraw-Hill Inc. publication , contains a speech UNK UNK between two of the pages . </s>
<s> UNK who pull off a piece of tape and press a switch will hear a tiny -- but UNK UNK -- voice announce , `` I am the talking chip , '' as it UNK into a UNK UNK on its own attributes . </s>
<s> The talking chip is n't cheap -- the UNK cost to Texas Instruments is about $ 4 , and that 's without adding in Business UNK 's charge -- but Texas Instruments believes it is a first . </s>
<s> UNK efforts have included musical ads , featuring simple UNK chips that play a tune , but the voice UNK in this effort is much more sophisticated , with none of the UNK UNK that one UNK , for example , when calling telephone UNK services . </s>
<s> And for those who miss the message the first time around , not to worry : Three tiny UNK provide enough UNK for as many as 650 UNK . </s>
<s> UNK sales at General Motors Corp. dragged the U.S. car and truck market down below year-ago levels in early October , the first sales period of the 1990 model year . </s>
<s> The eight major domestic auto makers sold UNK North UNK cars in the first 10 days of October , a 12.6 % drop from a year earlier . </s>
<s> UNK built truck sales were down 10.4 % to UNK UNK , vans and sport utility vehicles . </s>
<s> The heavy use of incentives to clear out 1989 models appears to have taken the steam , at least initially , out of 1990 model sales , which began officially Oct. 1 . </s>
<s> This appears particularly true at GM , which had strong sales in August and September but saw its early October car and truck results fall UNK % from last year 's unusually high level . </s>
<s> Overall , sales of all UNK vehicles fell UNK % from a year ago . </s>
<s> Without GM , overall sales for the other U.S. UNK were roughly flat with 1989 results . </s>
<s> Some of the U.S. auto makers have already adopted incentives on many 1990 models , but they may have to broaden their programs to keep sales up . </s>
<s> `` We 've created a condition where , without incentives , it 's a tough market , '' said Tom Kelly , sales manager for Bill UNK Chevrolet in Dearborn , Mich . </s>
<s> Car sales fell to a seasonally adjusted annual selling rate of 5.8 million vehicles , the lowest since October 1987 . </s>
<s> The poor performance UNK with a robust selling rate of almost eight million last month . </s>
<s> Furthermore , dealers contacted late last week said they could n't see any immediate impact on sales of Friday 's steep market decline . </s>
<s> GM 's domestic car sales dropped UNK % and its domestic trucks were down an even UNK UNK % from the same period a year ago . </s>
<s> All of the GM divisions except UNK showed big declines . </s>
<s> UNK posted a 3.2 % increase despite new competition from Lexus , the UNK luxury-car division of Toyota Motor Corp . </s>
<s> Lexus sales were n't available ; the cars are imported and Toyota reports their sales only at UNK . </s>
<s> The sales drop for the No. 1 car maker may have been caused in part by the end in September of dealer incentives that GM offered in addition to consumer rebates and UNK financing , a company spokesman said . </s>
<s> Last year , GM had a different program in place that continued UNK dealers until all the 1989 models had been sold . </s>
<s> Aside from GM , other car makers posted generally mixed results . </s>
<s> Ford Motor Co. had a 1.8 % drop in domestic car sales but a 2.4 % increase in domestic truck sales . </s>
<s> Chrysler Corp. had a 7.5 % drop in car sales , UNK its generally slow performance all year . </s>
<s> However , sales of trucks , including the company 's popular minivans , rose 4.3 % . </s>
<s> Honda Motor Co. 's sales of UNK built vehicles plunged UNK % from a year earlier . </s>
<s> Honda 's plant in UNK , Ohio , was UNK up to build 1990 model UNK , a Honda spokesman said . </s>
<s> `` We 're really confident everything will bounce back to normal , '' he added . </s>
<s> Separately , Chrysler said firm prices on its UNK domestic cars and minivans will rise an average of 5 % over UNK equipped 1989 models . </s>
<s> UNK prices were generally in line with the tentative prices announced earlier this fall . </s>
<s> At that time , Chrysler said base prices , which are n't adjusted for equipment changes , would rise between 4 % and 9 % on most vehicle . </s>
<s> a - UNK include only vehicle sales reported in period . </s>
<s> c - Domestic car </s>
<s> UNK - UNK change is greater than UNK % . </s>
<s> UNK - There were 8 selling days in the most recent period and 8 a year earlier . </s>
<s> UNK differences based on daily sales rate rather than sales volume . </s>
<s> Antonio L. UNK , 66 years old , was named president and chief executive officer of the Atlantic Research Corp. subsidiary . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK had been a consultant to the subsidiary 's UNK operations . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK succeeds William H. UNK , who resigned to pursue personal interests . </s>
<s> UNK makes and repairs jet engines . </s>
<s> It also has interests in military electronics and UNK , UNK transportation and machinery used to make food and UNK cans . </s>
<s> UNK Consolidated Industries Inc. expects to report earnings before extraordinary tax benefits of about $ 1.5 million , or about 41 cents a share , for the third quarter , compared with a loss last year , said Glenn R. Simmons , chairman and chief executive officer . </s>
<s> After a tax benefit of about $ UNK , UNK expects to report net income of $ 2.3 million , or about 62 cents a share , Mr. Simmons said . </s>
<s> For third quarter last year , UNK reported a $ 1 million loss from continuing operations and a $ 200,000 loss from discontinued operations , for a net loss of $ 1.2 million . </s>
<s> Revenue for the latest third quarter was about $ UNK million , up 10 % from $ UNK million last year , he said . </s>
<s> Mr. Simmons said the results signal a turnaround for the maker of wire and wire products , which has struggled to remain competitive in the face of UNK , imported steel . </s>
<s> A new $ 46 million steel rod UNK , which got off to a UNK start in early 1988 , now is running UNK and a new management team is more heavily marketing UNK 's products , Mr. Simmons said . </s>
<s> As a result , the company hopes to report net income for the year of about $ UNK million , or about $ UNK to $ UNK a share , compared with a net loss of $ UNK million last year , after a loss from discontinued operations of $ UNK million . </s>
<s> Revenue for 1989 is expected to be about $ 300 million , up about 21 % from $ UNK million in 1988 . </s>
<s> For the nine months ended Sept. 30 , UNK expects to report net income of $ UNK UNK , or about $ UNK a share , after an extraordinary gain from $ 3.2 million in tax benefits . </s>
<s> Last year , the company had a net loss of $ 6.5 million , including a $ 6.1 million loss from continuing operations and a $ 400,000 loss from discontinued operations . </s>
<s> Revenue for the nine months is expected to be about $ UNK million , up about 21 % from $ UNK million last year . </s>
<s> Mr. Simmons said UNK 's new mill is expected to produce about UNK tons of steel UNK this year , up from UNK tons in 1988 . </s>
<s> Production at the mill has exceeded the ability of UNK 's casting operation to supply it , he said , which will force UNK to purchase UNK , or UNK steel bars , from outside the company during the fourth quarter and next year . </s>
<s> UNK will have to consider expanding its casting operation , at an estimated cost of $ 8 million to $ 10 million , within the next 18 to 24 months , Mr. Simmons said . </s>
<s> Under Robert W. Singer , who was named president and chief operating officer last year , UNK has expanded its sales force to about 20 people from about 15 and hopes to expand its sales from the middle portion of the country toward the East and West UNK . </s>
<s> `` Prior to a year ago , UNK was an UNK . </s>
<s> Now I think we have a group of marketing people who are out selling to retailers and UNK , '' Mr. Simmons said . </s>
<s> Still , he said , the UNK company plans to continue its UNK strategy for its UNK brand of UNK wire UNK and other products . </s>
<s> The company claims a 40 % share of the U.S. field UNK business , a 35 % share of UNK UNK sales and a 30 % share of UNK wire sales . </s>
<s> UNK auto workers ended their UNK UNK of a metal shop at a UNK S.A. factory in UNK France Friday as pay talks got under way in the capital . </s>
<s> But the UNK UNK came as a nationwide dispute by Finance Ministry employees disrupted border UNK and threatened the government 's ability to pay its bills . </s>
<s> The UNK UNK began filing out of the shop , which makes auto parts , at the plant in UNK after voting UNK to UNK to abandon the UNK . </s>
<s> Their withdrawal was based on promises by UNK to open negotiations in Paris at the same time the last man left the premises . </s>
<s> The strike by customs officers , tax UNK , treasury workers and other civil UNK attached to the Ministry of Finance may pose a more serious challenge to the government and the average UNK . </s>
<s> Ministry employees complain that they are poorly paid because of a complex UNK system they say fails to take into account their education and level of technical expertise . </s>
<s> U.S. UNK UNK to head off any repeat of Black Monday today following Friday 's plunge in stock prices . </s>
<s> Fed Chairman Greenspan signaled that the central bank was prepared to UNK massive amounts of money into the banking system to prevent a financial crisis . </s>
<s> Other U.S. and foreign officials also UNK out plans , though they kept their moves quiet to avoid making the financial markets more jittery . </s>
<s> Friday 's sell-off was triggered by the collapse of UAL 's buy-out plan and a big rise in producer prices . </s>
<s> The Dow Jones industrials skidded UNK , to UNK . </s>
<s> The junk bond market came to a standstill , while Treasury bonds soared and the dollar fell . </s>
<s> Japanese stocks dropped early Monday , but by late morning were turning around . </s>
<s> The dollar was trading sharply lower in Tokyo . </s>
<s> UNK for a new UAL buy-out proposal appear bleak . </s>
<s> Many banks refused to back the $ 6.79 billion transaction , but bankers said it was not from any UNK to finance takeovers . </s>
<s> The decision was based solely on problems with the UAL UNK plan , they said . </s>
<s> The surge in producer prices in September followed three months of declines , but analysts were divided on whether the 0.9 % jump signaled a severe worsening of inflation . </s>
<s> Also , retail sales grew 0.5 % last month . </s>
<s> A capital-gains tax cut was removed from the Senate 's deficit reduction bill , but proponents still hope to enact the cut this year . </s>
<s> Bush wo n't press for a capital-gains provision in the final deficit bill when House-Senate conferees meet later this week . </s>
<s> General Motors signaled that up to five North American assembly plants may close by the UNK as it tries to cut excess capacity . </s>
<s> U.S. car and truck sales fell 12.6 % in early October , the first sales period of the UNK year , dragged down by a sharp decline in GM sales . </s>
<s> Warner and Sony are UNK in a legal battle over movie producers Peter UNK and Jon Peters . </s>
<s> The fight could set back Sony 's plans to enter the U.S. movie business . </s>
<s> Hooker 's U.S. unit received a $ UNK million bid for most of its real-estate and UNK assets from an investor group . </s>
<s> The offer does n't include UNK UNK or B. UNK . </s>
<s> The Boeing strike is starting to affect airlines . </s>
<s> America West said Friday it will postpone its new service out of Houston because of delays in receiving aircraft from Boeing . </s>
<s> Saatchi & Saatchi would launch a management buy-out if a hostile suitor emerged , an official said . </s>
<s> British Aerospace and France 's UNK are UNK a pact to merge UNK divisions . </s>
<s> New U.S. UNK quotas will give a bigger share to developing nations that have relatively UNK steel industries . </s>
<s> Japan 's steel quota will be cut significantly . </s>
<s> Four ailing UNK were sold off by government regulators , but low bids prevented the sale of a fifth . </s>
<s> Markets -- </s>
<s> Stocks : Volume UNK shares . </s>
<s> Dow Jones industrials UNK , off UNK ; transportation UNK , off UNK ; utilities UNK , off UNK . </s>
<s> Bonds : Shearson Lehman Hutton Treasury index UNK , up </s>
<s> Commodities : Dow Jones futures index UNK , up UNK ; spot index UNK , up UNK . </s>
<s> Dollar : UNK yen , off UNK ; UNK marks , off UNK . </s>
<s> It all seemed innocent enough : Last April , one Steven B. UNK visited UNK Products Inc. here , identified himself as a potential customer and got the word on the little company 's new UNK players for children . </s>
<s> `` It is almost identical to the Sony product , '' Mr. UNK UNK , after seeing UNK and pictures . </s>
<s> UNK a UNK salesman : `` UNK . '' </s>
<s> The UNK merchandise carried wholesale prices some 40 % below those of Sony Corp. of Japan 's `` My First Sony '' line . </s>
<s> The UNK UNK enthusiastic and promised to return . </s>
<s> But instead of a new customer -- part of a UNK UNK from UNK Sony -- UNK got a costly legal UNK . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK , it turned out , was a private UNK using a hidden tape UNK to gather information for Sony . </s>
<s> His recording later turned up as a court UNK . </s>
<s> UNK to keep UNK 's `` My UNK '' product line off the U.S. market , Sony last May filed a suit in Manhattan federal court UNK the UNK of trademark UNK , unfair competition and other violations of business law . </s>
<s> Since then , life has changed a lot for UNK Leonard UNK , UNK 's owner . </s>
<s> `` I have n't been able to get a decent night 's sleep since this has been going on , '' he says . </s>
<s> `` It 's the most UNK thing in my life -- I ca n't even attend to my business . '' </s>
<s> His company ( annual sales : about $ 25 million ) may suffer a costly blow -- losing an estimated 10 % of total sales -- if Sony ( annual sales : about $ 16 billion ) UNK . </s>
<s> UNK 's plight shows what can happen when a tiny company suddenly faces the full legal might of a UNK multinational . </s>
<s> With considerable irony , the case also shows how completely Japan has turned the tables on U.S. business . </s>
<s> Americans used to complain bitterly about being UNK by UNK products from Japan . </s>
<s> Now Sony , whose innovative , UNK products are among the most UNK in consumer electronics , is bitterly complaining about a little U.S. firm with a cheap UNK produced in China . </s>
<s> `` The UNK of this is that UNK knocked off the Sony line and Sony wants to stop it , '' says Lewis H. UNK , Sony 's attorney , who previously UNK UNK 's UNK . </s>
<s> ( Sony itself declines to comment . ) </s>
<s> If Sony wins , Mr. UNK says , its little rival will have to try to sell the products overseas . </s>
<s> At worst , he adds , `` They 'd have to UNK them all up and throw them away . '' </s>
<s> Mr. UNK denies the suit 's charges and says his only mistake was taking on Sony in the marketplace . </s>
<s> `` I made a similar line and I produced it cheaper , '' he says . </s>
<s> Today , U.S. Judge John E. UNK is expected to rule on Sony 's renewed request for a UNK order blocking sale of the disputed products , on which deliveries began in July . </s>
<s> The judge turned down an earlier Sony request for such an order -- a decision upheld on appeal -- but Sony returned with additional evidence and arguments . </s>
<s> Though hoping to settle the case , UNK UNK to fight on , if necessary . </s>
<s> But the battle is more than UNK UNK for . </s>
<s> `` I had no idea I was getting in so deep , '' says Mr. UNK , who founded UNK in 1982 . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK had sold UNK Inc. , a Taiwan electronics maker , and retired , only to find he was UNK . </s>
<s> With UNK , he began selling UNK and electronics made mostly in Hong Kong , beginning with UNK UNK UNK . </s>
<s> The company has grown -- to about 40 employees , from four initially , Mr. UNK says . </s>
<s> UNK has been profitable since 1986 , adds the official , who shares his office with numerous UNK bears , all samples from his line of UNK UNK . </s>
<s> Like many others , Mr. UNK took notice in 1987 when Sony , in a classic example of market UNK , changed the plastic skin and UNK on the famous UNK line of portable audio equipment and created the My First Sony line for children . </s>
<s> The UNK UNK new products looked more like UNK than the adult models . </s>
<s> ( In court papers , Sony says it has spent more than $ 3 million to promote the line , with resulting sales of over a million units . ) </s>
<s> Sony found a new market niche , but Mr. UNK figured that its prices left plenty of room for a UNK competitor . </s>
<s> His products are n't exact copies of Sony 's but strongly resemble them in size , shape and , especially , color . </s>
<s> Sony uses mostly red and blue , with UNK of yellow -- and so does UNK , on the theory that kids prefer these colors . </s>
<s> ( `` To be successful , a product can be any color UNK , as long as it is UNK red , '' says Charles E. UNK , UNK 's attorney . ) </s>
<s> By last winter , UNK was showing UNK at toy UNK in Hong Kong and New York -- and Sony noticed . </s>
<s> Indeed , concerned that Sony sales personnel were threatening legal action or other UNK -- such as UNK desirable Sony products -- against UNK 's customers , Mr. UNK fired off a letter to Sony in April . </s>
<s> He himself threatened to take the matter to the Federal Trade Commission or U.S. Justice Department . </s>
<s> But UNK has n't pursued those charges ( which were without merit , according to Mr. UNK , the Sony attorney ) . </s>
<s> UNK Mr. UNK : `` Our purpose was to influence them to leave us alone . </s>
<s> We never intended taking on Sony -- we do n't have the resources . '' </s>
<s> Sony UNK the empty threat with its real suit . </s>
<s> UNK and on since then , the companies have UNK in court . </s>
<s> And UNK , in a news release , says , `` Once competitive , Sony now resorts to UNK tactics in American UNK to UNK out and protect niche markets . '' </s>
<s> Sony 's lawyer insists that the company 's tactics -- including the use of a private UNK UNK as a buyer -- are routine in such matters . </s>
<s> He also insists that Sony , no less than others , has a legal right to protect its `` trade dress , '' in this case , mostly the colors that it claims make My First Sony products UNK . </s>
<s> ( UNK claims it began using the same colors on electronic goods for children long before Sony entered the children 's market . ) </s>
<s> Whatever its merits , Sony 's aggressive defense is UNK for UNK . </s>
<s> It 's also costly . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK says he has paid more than $ 70,000 in legal fees so far . </s>
<s> Of Sony , Mr. UNK says : `` They know there 's no way for them to lose . </s>
<s> They just keep UNK me in deeper until I reach the point where I give up and go away . '' </s>
<s> For now , though , he UNK to hang in . </s>
<s> Of all the one-time expenses incurred by a corporation or professional firm , few are larger or longer term than the purchase of real estate or the signing of a commercial lease . </s>
<s> To take full advantage of the financial opportunities in this commitment , however , the corporation or professional firm must do more than negotiate the best purchase price or lease terms . </s>
<s> It must also evaluate the real-estate market in the chosen location from a new perspective . </s>
<s> UNK , it must understand how real-estate markets UNK to UNK in regional economies and then take advantage of these opportunities . </s>
<s> When a regional economy UNK cold , the local real-estate market gets UNK . </s>
<s> In other words , real-estate market indicators , such as building permits and leasing activity , UNK much further than a local economy in recession . </s>
<s> This was seen in the late 1960s in Los Angeles and the mid-1970s in New York . </s>
<s> But the reverse is also true : When a region 's economy UNK from a slowdown , these real-estate indicators will rebound far faster than the improving economy . </s>
<s> Why do local real-estate markets UNK to regional economic cycles ? </s>
<s> Because real-estate purchases and leases are such major long-term commitments that most companies and individuals make these decisions only when confident of future economic stability and growth . </s>
<s> Metropolitan Detroit was written off economically during the early 1980s , as the domestic auto industry suffered a serious sales depression and adjustment . </s>
<s> Area employment dropped by 13 % from its 1979 peak and retail sales were down 14 % . </s>
<s> However , the real-estate market was hurt even more . </s>
<s> For example , residential building permits in the trough year of 1982 were off 76 % from the 1979 peak level . </s>
<s> Once metropolitan Detroit 's economy rallied in the mid-1980s , real estate rebounded . </s>
<s> Building permits , for example , soared a staggering 400 % between 1982 and the peak year of 1986 . </s>
<s> Where , UNK corporations and professional firms are now asking , are today 's opportunities ? </s>
<s> Look no further than metropolitan Houston and Denver , two of the most depressed , UNK and potentially undervalued real-estate markets in the nation . </s>
<s> Of course , some observers have UNK Houston and Denver for the past five years as a UNK play . </s>
<s> But now appears to be the time to act . </s>
<s> Metropolitan Houston 's economy did drop and then UNK in the years after its 1982 peak . </s>
<s> In the mid-1980s , employment was down as much as 5 % from the 1982 peak and retail sales were off 13 % . </s>
<s> The real-estate market suffered even more severe setbacks . </s>
<s> Office construction dropped 97 % . </s>
<s> The vacancy rate soared more than 20 % in nearly every product category , and more than 30 % of office space was vacant . </s>
<s> To some observers , the empty office buildings of Houston 's `` UNK UNK '' were UNK of a very troubled economy . </s>
<s> As usual , the real-estate market had UNK . </s>
<s> Actually , the region 's economy retained a firm foundation . </s>
<s> Metropolitan Houston 's population has held steady over the past six years . </s>
<s> And personal income , after UNK in the mid-1980s , has returned to its 1982 level in real dollar terms . </s>
<s> Today , metropolitan Houston 's real-estate market is UNK for a significant turnaround . </s>
<s> More than UNK jobs were added in UNK Houston last year , primarily in biotechnology , petrochemical processing , and the computer industry . </s>
<s> This growth puts Houston in the top five UNK areas in the nation last year . </s>
<s> And forecasts project a 2.5 % to 3 % growth rate in jobs over the next few years -- nearly twice the national average . </s>
<s> Denver is another metropolitan area where the commercial real-estate market has UNK to the region 's economic trends , although Denver has not experienced as severe an economic downturn as Houston . </s>
<s> By some measures , metropolitan Denver 's economy has actually improved in the past four years . </s>
<s> Its population has continued to increase since 1983 , the peak year of the economic cycle . </s>
<s> UNK is now 4 % higher than in 1983 . </s>
<s> Buying income in real dollars actually increased 15 % between 1983 and 1987 ( the most recent year available ) . </s>
<s> The rates of increase , however , are less than the rapid growth of the boom years , and this has resulted in a loss of confidence in the economy . </s>
<s> In a UNK UNK , therefore , the region 's real-estate market all but collapsed in recent years . </s>
<s> Housing building permits are down more than 75 % from their 1983 UNK . </s>
<s> Although no one can predict when metropolitan Denver 's real-estate market will rebound , major public works projects costing several billion dollars are under way or planned -- such as a new convention center , a major UNK UNK the metropolitan area , and a new regional airport . </s>
<s> When Denver 's regional economy begins to grow faster -- such a recovery could occur as early as next year -- business and consumer confidence will return , and the resulting explosion of real-estate activity will UNK the general economic rebound . </s>
<s> What real-estate strategy should one follow in a metropolitan area whose economic health is not as easy to determine as Houston 's or Denver 's ? </s>
<s> Generally , overcapacity in commercial real estate is dropping from its mid-1980s peak , even in such economically healthy metropolitan areas as Washington , New York and Los Angeles . </s>
<s> UNK rates in the 15 % to 19 % range today may easily rise to the low to UNK % range in a couple of years . </s>
<s> Under these conditions , even a UNK out of economic growth -- `` UNK cold '' -- in the healthy metropolitan areas will create significant opportunities for corporations and professional service firms looking for bargains as the UNK industry UNK UNK . </s>
<s> Those looking for real-estate bargains in UNK metropolitan areas should lock in leases or buy now ; those looking in healthy metropolitan areas should take a short-term ( three-year ) lease and wait for the bargains ahead . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK is managing partner of a real-estate advisory firm based in Beverly Hills , Calif . </s>
<s> UNK Street </s>
<s> If the UNK UNK law 's fair , Why should we not then UNK the UNK To require that all employees give UNK notice before they quit ? </s>
<s> -- UNK S. UNK . </s>
<s> UNK UNK </s>
<s> When research projects are UNK due to government funding cuts , are we `` caught with our grants down '' ? </s>
<s> -- UNK UNK . </s>
<s> Recognition Equipment Inc. said it settled a civil action filed against it by the federal government on behalf of the U.S. Postal Service . </s>
<s> The government sued the company in April , seeking $ UNK and other unspecified damages related to an alleged UNK scheme . </s>
<s> The suit named the company , former chief executive officer William G. Moore Jr. , former vice president Robert W. UNK and five defendants who were n't part of the company . </s>
<s> The suit charged the defendants with causing Peter E. UNK , an UNK of the Postal Service board of governors , to accept $ UNK in UNK , UNK and UNK . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK was previously sentenced to four years in prison and fined $ UNK for his role in the scheme . </s>
<s> In the agreement , Recognition agreed to pay the government $ 20,000 in return for the release of all claims against the company , Mr. Moore and Mr. UNK . </s>
<s> The five additional defendants were n't parties to the settlement . </s>
<s> A trial on criminal allegations against the company and the same two former executives began Sept. 27 in federal court for the District of Columbia . </s>
<s> They were indicted last October on charges of fraud , theft and conspiracy related to an effort to win $ 400 million in Postal Service equipment contracts by the maker of data management equipment . </s>
<s> The company and its executives deny the charges . </s>
<s> In a related development , Recognition Equipment said the Postal Service has barred the company from bidding on postal contracts for an additional 120 days . </s>
<s> The Postal Service originally suspended the company Oct. 7 , 1988 , and has been renewing the ban ever since . </s>
<s> The company said it will continue to pursue a UNK of the suspension . </s>
<s> UNK Industrial Corp. said it expects its third-quarter net earnings to be between two cents and four cents a share , compared with 61 cents a share a year ago . </s>
<s> Analysts had been UNK that the company 's earnings would be between 25 cents and 30 cents a share . </s>
<s> The year-earlier third-quarter earnings amounted to $ 4.1 million . </s>
<s> The company said a drop in activity in the UNK industry reduced sales volume at its two UNK operations . </s>
<s> Also , the company said its commercial products operation failed to meet forecasts . </s>
<s> UNK , a maker of UNK truck and commercial UNK equipment , said it expects its fourth-quarter earnings to be more closely in line with usual levels , which are between 30 cents and 50 cents a share . </s>
<s> UNK the stock market does n't crash again and completely UNK UNK and trading rooms , American television audiences in a few months may be seeing Britain 's concept of both . </s>
<s> `` Capital City '' is a weekly series that UNK here three weeks ago amid unprecedented UNK by its producer , UNK Television . </s>
<s> The early episodes make you long for a UNK of the crash of 1987 . </s>
<s> Let 's make that 1929 , just to be sure . </s>
<s> According to the program 's publicity prospectus , `` Capital City , '' set at UNK UNK , a UNK UNK securities firm with # 500 million capital , `` follows the fortunes of a UNK team of young , UNK dealers , hired for their particular UNK of style , UNK and energy . </s>
<s> But with all the money and UNK of high finance come the UNK pressures to do well ; pressure to pull off another million before lunch ; pressure to anticipate the market by a fraction of a second ... '' </s>
<s> You need n't be a UNK securities lawyer to realize the prospectus is guilty of less than full disclosure . </s>
<s> The UNK produced series has been criticized by London 's financial UNK as UNK in detail , but its major weakness is its UNK UNK of the characters ' professional and private lives . </s>
<s> UNK loose in UNK UNK 's trading room , the UNK dealers do little right . </s>
<s> UNK by the money lost and mistakes made in the early episodes , UNK UNK 's capital should be just about UNK by the final 13th week . </s>
<s> In the opening episode we learn that UNK , a UNK bond trader , has indeed pulled off another million before lunch . </s>
<s> UNK is , she has lost it just as quickly . </s>
<s> Rather than keep the loss a secret from the outside world , UNK UNK about it to a UNK man while ordering lunch over the phone . </s>
<s> Little chance that UNK UNK is going to UNK today . </s>
<s> Traders spend the morning UNK selling bonds , in the belief that the U.S. monthly trade figures will look UNK . </s>
<s> UNK , UNK Columbia ! </s>
<s> The trade figures turn out well , and all those recently UNK bonds UNK in price . </s>
<s> So much for UNK the market by a fraction of a second . </s>
<s> And a large UNK of the first episode is devoted to efforts to get rid of some nearly UNK Japanese bonds ( since when is anything Japanese nearly UNK UNK ? ) . </s>
<s> UNK , UNK UNK UNK the week , only to have a senior executive UNK UNK his way into becoming the target of a criminal insider trading investigation . </s>
<s> Instead of closing ranks to protect the firm 's reputation , the executive 's internal rivals , led by a UNK American , demand his resignation . </s>
<s> The plot is UNK when the firm 's major UNK , UNK UNK on the other side of the globe , UNK home to support the executive . </s>
<s> But the investigation continues . </s>
<s> If you can UNK the UNK that the rewards for such UNK are UNK salaries , you still are left UNK , because few of the UNK consume very UNK . </s>
<s> In fact , few consume much of anything . </s>
<s> Two share a house almost UNK of furniture . </s>
<s> UNK lives in a hotel room , and although she drives a UNK UNK , she has n't time to clean or repair it ; the UNK vehicle can be started only with a huge pair of UNK because the UNK key has broken off in the lock . </s>
<s> And it takes UNK , the UNK UNK ' man of the cast , until the third episode to get past first base with any of his UNK . </s>
<s> Perhaps the explanation for these UNK is that UNK Britain is n't ready to come to terms with the wealth created by the UNK UNK regime . </s>
<s> After all , this is n't old money , but new money , and in many cases , young money . </s>
<s> This attitude is clearly UNK in the treatment of Max , the trading room 's most UNK character . </s>
<s> UNK enough , he lives in a UNK UNK converted church , wears designer clothes and drives an UNK car . </s>
<s> But apparently to make him UNK , even UNK , to the UNK , the script UNK UNK Max into an UNK UNK , master of 11 Chinese UNK . </s>
<s> He takes his UNK to the UNK , where he meets a UNK French girl who UNK him into providing a home for her pet UNK and then promptly UNK his car and UNK it in UNK . </s>
<s> In producing and promoting `` Capital City , '' UNK has spent about as much as UNK UNK loses on a good day . </s>
<s> The production costs are a not UNK # 8 million ( $ 12.4 million ) , and would have been much higher had not the cost of the trading floor set been absorbed in the budget of `` Dealers , '' an earlier UNK movie . </s>
<s> Another half million UNK went for a UNK of UNK advertisements in six major British newspapers and for huge UNK in the London UNK . </s>
<s> These expenses create a special incentive for `` Capital City 's '' producers to UNK it , or a UNK version of it , in America . </s>
<s> UNK 's U.S. marketing agent , Donald UNK , is preparing to do just that . </s>
<s> He is UNK hopeful , citing three U.S. comedy series -- `` Three 's Company , '' `` Too UNK for UNK '' and `` UNK It Out '' -- that had British UNK . </s>
<s> Perhaps without UNK it , Mr. UNK simultaneously has put his finger on the problem and an ideal solution : `` Capital City '' should have been a comedy , a UNK UNK to the UNK British `` UNK On '' movies of the 1960s . </s>
<s> The seeds already are in the script . </s>
<s> The first episode concluded with a UNK UNK scene in which the UNK crew UNK a baby , the casualty of a broken marriage at the firm . </s>
<s> And many in the young cast bear striking UNK to American TV and movie UNK known for light roles . </s>
<s> UNK UNK looks like a young UNK UNK UNK ; William Armstrong , who plays Max , could pass for UNK UNK , and Douglas UNK ( UNK ) for James UNK ; UNK UNK is a UNK UNK UNK and UNK UNK could easily double for UNK Hall , the UNK UNK of the UNK Boys UNK . </s>
<s> So , OK kids , everybody on stage for `` UNK On Trading '' : The cast is UNK searching the office for UNK Japanese bonds that suddenly have soared in value because UNK UNK Bank has just bought the White House . </s>
<s> The pressure is too much for UNK UNK , who UNK a security guard . </s>
<s> He UNK into a desktop computer terminal , which UNK , covering UNK Hall 's face with UNK . </s>
<s> And all the while , the bonds are in the baby 's UNK . </s>
<s> It should run forever . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK is senior UNK in the Journal 's London bureau . </s>
<s> For 20 years , federal rules have barred the three major television networks from UNK in one of the most lucrative and fastest-growing parts of the television business . </s>
<s> And for six years , NBC , ABC and CBS have negotiated with Hollywood UNK in a UNK attempt to change that . </s>
<s> But with foreign companies UNK up U.S. movie UNK , the networks are pressing their fight harder than ever . </s>
<s> They hope the foreign deals will divide the Hollywood opposition and UNK Congress to push for ending federal rules that prohibit the networks from UNK a piece of UNK sales and owning part of the shows they put on the air . </s>
<s> Even network executives , however , admit privately that victory -- either in Congress or in talks with the UNK -- is highly UNK any time soon . </s>
<s> And so the networks also are pushing for new ways to UNK the `` UNK '' provisions , known formally as the Financial Interest and UNK UNK . </s>
<s> That became clear last week with the disclosure that National Broadcasting Co. , backed by the deep pockets of parent General Electric Co. , had tried to help fund Qintex Australia Ltd. 's UNK $ 1.5 billion bid for MGM / UA Communications Co . </s>
<s> NBC 's interest may revive the deal , which MGM / UA killed last week when the Australian concern had trouble raising cash . </s>
<s> Even if that deal is n't revived , NBC hopes to find another . </s>
<s> `` Our doors are open , '' an NBC spokesman says . </s>
<s> NBC may yet find a way to take a passive , minority interest in a UNK without violating the rules . </s>
<s> And any NBC effort could prompt CBS Inc. and ABC 's parent , Capital Cities / ABC Inc. , to look for ways of UNK the UNK regulations . </s>
<s> But the networks ' push may only UNK an increasingly bitter UNK between them and Hollywood UNK . </s>
<s> Both sides are to sit down next month for yet another meeting on how they might agree on reducing UNK UNK . </s>
<s> Few people UNK to the talks expect the UNK to UNK . </s>
<s> The networks still are `` UNK in their authority '' over what shows get on the air , charges UNK UNK Association President Jack UNK , the most UNK opponent of UNK the rules . </s>
<s> UNK are `` UNK '' to get shows in prime-time UNK and keep them there long enough to go into lucrative UNK sales , he contends . </s>
<s> And that 's why the rules , for the most part , must stay in place , he says . </s>
<s> UNK executives in on the talks - including officials at Paramount Communications Inc. , UNK Entertainment Inc. , Warner Communications Inc. and MCA Inc. -- declined to be interviewed . </s>
<s> But Mr. UNK , who represents the UNK , asserts : `` The whole production industry , to a man , is on the side of preserving '' the rules . </s>
<s> Such UNK leave network officials all the more UNK that the UNK will UNK . </s>
<s> `` They do n't seem to have an incentive to negotiate , '' says one network executive . </s>
<s> `` And there 's no indication that Washington is prepared to address the rules . </s>
<s> That 's the problem , is n't it ? '' </s>
<s> Indeed it is . </s>
<s> Congress has said repeatedly it wants no part of the mess , urging the UNK and the networks , which license rights to air shows made by the UNK , to work out their own compromise . </s>
<s> But recent developments have made the networks -- and NBC President Robert Wright , in particular -- ever more UNK that the networks must be UNK to survive . </s>
<s> The latest UNK : Sony Corp. 's plan to acquire Columbia Pictures Entertainment Inc. for $ 3.4 billion , and to buy independent producer Guber Peters Entertainment Co. for $ 200 million . </s>
<s> `` I wonder what Walter UNK will think of the Sony / Columbia UNK System UNK UNK News with Dan Rather broadcast exclusively from Tokyo , '' wrote UNK UNK , an NBC vice president , in a commentary in last week 's issue of Broadcasting magazine . </s>
<s> In his article , Mr. UNK , who was in Europe last week and unavailable , complained that the `` UNK UNK '' in UNK rules have `` contributed directly to the acquisition of the UNK by non-U.S. enterprises . </s>
<s> '' ( He did n't mention that NBC , in the meantime , was hoping to assist Australia 's Qintex in buying </s>
<s> An NBC spokesman UNK that Mr. UNK 's UNK was `` entirely consistent '' with NBC plans because the U.S. rules would limit NBC 's involvement in the Qintex deal so severely as to be `` light years away from the type of UNK deals available to Sony -- and everyone else except the three networks . '' </s>
<s> The Big Three 's UNK for deregulation began UNK in the summer when the former Time Inc. went ahead with plans to acquire Warner . </s>
<s> Although Time already had a long-term contract to buy movies from Warner , the merger will let Time 's largely UNK UNK channel , Home UNK Office , own the Warner movies aired on HBO -- a UNK integration that is effectively blocked by UNK regulations . </s>
<s> NBC 's Mr. Wright led the way in UNK the networks ' inability to match a UNK combination . </s>
<s> He spoke up again when the Sony bid for Columbia was announced . </s>
<s> Since NBC 's interest in the Qintex bid for MGM / UA was disclosed , Mr. Wright has n't been available for comment . </s>
<s> With a Qintex deal , NBC would move into UNK territory -- possibly raising UNK at the UNK and in Washington . </s>
<s> `` It 's never really been tested , '' says William UNK III , who as a top CBS executive spent years lobbying to have the rules lifted . </s>
<s> He now runs Policy Communications in Washington , consulting to media companies . </s>
<s> UNK rules do n't UNK block a network from buying a passive , small stake in a company that profits from the UNK UNK networks ca n't enjoy . </s>
<s> UNK , NBC might be able to take , say , a 5 % stake in a company such as MGM / UA . </s>
<s> If the transaction raised objections , the studio 's UNK operations could be spun off into a separate firm in which the network does n't have a direct stake . </s>
<s> But such UNK would still block the networks from UNK a big chunk of the UNK of UNK . </s>
<s> Under current rules , even when a network fares well with a UNK series -- ABC , for example , made a killing in broadcasting its popular crime / comedy `` UNK '' -- it is n't allowed to share in the continuing proceeds when the reruns are sold to local stations . </s>
<s> Instead , ABC will have to sell off the rights for a one-time fee . </s>
<s> The networks admit that the chances of getting the relief they want are UNK -- for several years at the least . </s>
<s> UNK years ago they were UNK close . </s>
<s> The UNK Federal Communications Commission had ruled in favor of killing most of the rules . </s>
<s> UNK evidence , including a UNK Institution study of some 800 series that the networks had aired and had partly owned in the 1960s , showed the networks did n't UNK UNK control over the UNK as had been alleged . </s>
<s> But just eight days before the rules were to die , former President Ronald Reagan , a one-time actor , UNK on behalf of Hollywood . </s>
<s> The FCC effort collapsed . </s>
<s> The networks and UNK have UNK ever since . </s>
<s> Network officials involved in the studio talks may hope the foreign UNK builds more support in Washington , but that seems unlikely . </s>
<s> In Congress , the issue UNK : It 's about money , not program quality , and Hollywood has lots of clout given its fund raising for senators and representatives overseeing the issue . </s>
<s> A spokesman for Rep. Edward J. Markey ( UNK ) , who heads a subcommittee that oversees the FCC , says Mr. Markey feels `` the world has been forever changed by the UNK deal . '' </s>
<s> But he said Mr. Markey hopes this UNK the networks and UNK to work it out on their own . </s>
<s> And at the FCC , meanwhile , new Chairman Alfred C. UNK has said he wants the two sides to UNK out their own plan . </s>
<s> Roger UNK , editor of U.S. News & World Report , resigned Friday from the weekly news magazine . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK said he resigned because of difficulties with UNK between his home in New York and the magazine 's editorial offices in Washington . </s>
<s> `` UNK , I missed my family , '' said Mr. UNK . </s>
<s> In Mr. UNK 's tenure , the magazine 's advertising pages and circulation have grown significantly . </s>
<s> But at 2.3 million weekly paid circulation , U.S. News still ranks third behind Time Warner Inc. 's Time magazine , with 4.4 million circulation , and Washington Post Co. 's Newsweek , with 3.3 million circulation . </s>
<s> UNK B. UNK , chairman and editor in chief , said Mr. UNK would be succeeded starting today by Michael UNK , the magazine 's executive editor , and Merrill UNK , a senior writer . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK and Ms. UNK are married to each other . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK said his magazine would maintain its editorial UNK , which is a mix of analysis and trend stories with UNK , UNK articles . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK , a senior writer at Time magazine before joining U.S. News & World Report , said he had numerous job offers from other magazines while he was editor . </s>
<s> The offers were to work as a writer , not an editor . </s>
<s> He said he will now consider those offers . </s>
<s> Trinity Industries Inc. said it reached a preliminary agreement to manufacture 1,000 coal rail cars for Norfolk Southern Corp . </s>
<s> Trinity estimated the value of the pact at more than $ 40 million . </s>
<s> Trinity said it plans to begin delivery of the rail cars in the first quarter of 1990 . </s>
<s> It said the 1,000 rail cars are in addition to the UNK coal rail cars UNK being produced for Norfolk Southern , a Norfolk , UNK railroad concern . </s>
<s> UNK , New York , said it and the management of Sports & UNK Inc. bought the operator of the UNK Sports UNK chain for some $ 40 million . </s>
<s> The investment bank becomes majority shareholder in Sports & UNK , a UNK UNK goods retailer , said Oliver E. UNK , a member of UNK 's management committee and a director of the chain . </s>
<s> Sports UNK , UNK , Fla. , posted revenue of $ 59 million for the year ended July 31 . </s>
<s> The company is `` very profitable '' on an operating basis , Mr. UNK said , but he declined to specify numbers . </s>
<s> In 1982 , Sports & UNK 's managers and certain passive investors purchased the company from UNK Corp. of UNK , Ill . </s>
<s> In the latest transaction , management bought out the passive investors ' holding , Mr. UNK said . </s>
<s> UNK UNK Commercial Group said it sold $ 47 million of common stock to its employees at $ 10 a share , giving them a total stake of more than 40 % in the commercial real estate brokerage firm . </s>
<s> The firm , which was acquired in April from Sears , Roebuck & Co. in a management-led buy-out , had planned to sell up to $ UNK million of stock , or a 50 % stake in the company , to its 5,000 employees . </s>
<s> Though the offering did n't sell out , James J. UNK , chairman and chief executive officer , said , `` We 're pretty proud of the employees ' response . '' </s>
<s> He noted that unlike an employee stock ownership plan , where a company usually UNK money from third party lenders to buy stock that it sets aside to award employees over time , here employees had to UNK out their own cash for the stock . </s>
<s> `` They came up with their own money instead of borrowed money , '' Mr. UNK said . </s>
<s> `` It 's totally different . '' </s>
<s> He said the offering was designed to create long-term incentives for employees . </s>
<s> `` We 're in a service business , and in that context , it 's vital to have your employees involved in the ownership so they have a stake in the success . '' </s>
<s> The brokerage firm wo n't pay a dividend on the stock . </s>
<s> Employees have the right to trade stock among themselves , and the company will establish an internal clearing house for these transactions . </s>
<s> They may also eventually sell the shares to third parties , but the outside investors who own the remaining 60 % of UNK UNK have the right to first refusal . </s>
<s> Those outside investors in UNK UNK include UNK Group , a closely held Washington , D.C. , merchant banking firm whose UNK is Frank UNK , former secretary of defense ; UNK V. UNK , senior adviser to UNK Group ; Mellon Family Trust of Pittsburgh ; Westinghouse Credit Corp. , the financial services unit of Westinghouse Electric Corp. ; Bankers Trust Co. , a unit of Bankers Trust New York Corp. ; and a group of Japanese investors represented by the investment banking unit of Tokyo-based UNK Bank . </s>
<s> Bankers Trust and UNK financed the $ 300 million acquisition from Sears Roebuck . </s>
<s> UNK UNK also named three outside director UNK for its 17 member board . </s>
<s> The UNK are Gary Wilson , chief financial officer of Walt Disney Co. ; James Montgomery , chief executive officer of Great Western Financial Corp. ; and Peter UNK , former commissioner of baseball and now a private investor . </s>
<s> UNK Electric Industrial Co. of Japan and UNK AG of West Germany announced they have completed a 100 UNK ( $ UNK million ) joint venture to produce electronics parts . </s>
<s> In the venture 's first fiscal year , UNK will hold UNK % of the venture and a UNK subsidiary , UNK Electronic UNK Co. , UNK % . </s>
<s> A basic agreement between the two companies was announced in June . </s>
<s> The new company is to be called UNK UNK UNK UNK . UNK . </s>
<s> It will have its headquarters in UNK . </s>
<s> UNK 's share in the venture will rise to 35 % Oct. 1 , 1990 , and to 50 % the following Oct. 1 . </s>
<s> UNK will retain majority voting rights . </s>
<s> The parent companies forecast sales for the venture of around 750 million marks for its first fiscal year , UNK said . </s>
<s> Sales are expected to rise to one billion marks after four years . </s>
<s> The company will have production facilities in West Germany , UNK , France and Spain . </s>
<s> Intel Corp. reported a 50 % drop in third-quarter net income , partly because of a one-time charge for discontinued operations . </s>
<s> The big semiconductor and computer maker , said it had net of $ 72 million , or 38 cents , down 50 % from $ UNK million , or 78 cents a share . </s>
<s> The lower net included a charge of $ 35 million , equal to 12 cents a share on an after-tax basis , for the cost of UNK a UNK joint venture with UNK AG of West Germany . </s>
<s> UNK also fell from the year-ago period because of slowing UNK demand . </s>
<s> Sales amounted to $ UNK million , down 1.7 % from $ UNK million . </s>
<s> Intel 's stock rose in early over-the-counter trading Friday , as investors appeared relieved that the company 's income from continuing operations was only slightly below the second quarter 's earnings of $ UNK million , or 53 cents a share , and that sales actually exceeded the $ UNK million for the second period . </s>
<s> But Intel later UNK to the stock market 's plunge , closing at $ UNK , down $ UNK . </s>
<s> In August , Intel warned that third-quarter earnings might be `` flat to down '' from the previous period 's because of slowing sales growth of its UNK microprocessor , start-up costs associated with a line of computers and costs of preparing for mass shipments of the company 's new UNK chip in the current quarter . </s>
<s> On Friday , Andrew UNK , Intel president and chief executive officer , said `` Intel 's business is strong . </s>
<s> Our UNK improved as the quarter UNK and September was especially good . </s>
<s> For the full quarter , our UNK were higher than the previous quarter , and our UNK ratio exceeded UNK . '' </s>
<s> For the nine-month period , Intel reported net of $ UNK million , or $ UNK a share , down 27 % from $ UNK million , or $ UNK a share . </s>
<s> Revenue amounted to $ UNK billion , up slightly from $ UNK billion . </s>
<s> Put down that phone . </s>
<s> UNK around the room ; take two deep UNK . </s>
<s> UNK the urge to call your broker and sell all your stocks . </s>
<s> That 's the advice of most investment professionals after Friday 's 190-point drop in the Dow Jones Industrial Average . </s>
<s> No one can say for sure what will happen today . </s>
<s> And investment pros are divided on whether stocks will perform well or badly in the next six months . </s>
<s> But they 're nearly UNK on one point : Do n't sell into a panic . </s>
<s> Investors who sold everything after the crash of 1987 lived to regret it . </s>
<s> Even after Friday 's plunge , the Dow Jones Industrial Average was 48 % above where it landed on Oct. 19 two years ago . </s>
<s> UNK selling also was UNK during other big declines in the past . </s>
<s> The crash of 1929 was followed by a substantial recovery before the great UNK and awful bear market of the 1930s began . </s>
<s> The `` October UNK '' of 1978 and 1979 were UNK , but did n't lead to severe or sustained UNK . </s>
<s> Indeed , some pros see Friday 's plunge , plus any further damage that might occur early this week , as a chance for bargain UNK . </s>
<s> `` There has been a lot of emotional selling that presents a nice buying opportunity if you 've got the cash , '' says Stephen B. UNK , chief investment officer of Chicago-based Kemper Financial Services Inc . </s>
<s> But most advisers think the immediate course for individual investors should be to stand UNK . </s>
<s> `` When you see a UNK train , '' says Steve UNK , partner in the San Francisco investment advisory firm UNK & UNK , `` you wait for the train to stop . '' </s>
<s> Even for people who expect a bear market in coming months -- and a sizable number of money managers and market UNK do -- the advice is : UNK for the market to bounce back , and sell shares gradually during rallies . </s>
<s> The best thing individual investors can do is `` just sit tight , '' says Marshall B. UNK , executive vice president and head of investment counseling at Stein Roe & UNK Inc. , a Chicago-based investment counseling firm that manages about $ 18 billion . </s>
<s> On the one hand , Mr. UNK says , it would be UNK to sell into `` a classic panic . '' </s>
<s> On the other hand , it 's not necessarily a good time to jump in and buy . </s>
<s> `` This is all UNK right now , and when UNK starts to run , it can run further than anyone anticipates , '' he said . </s>
<s> `` So it 's more prudent to wait and see how things stabilize . '' </s>
<s> Roger UNK , professor of finance at Yale University and head of the market information firm UNK Associates Inc. , says , `` My real advice would be to just ride through it . </s>
<s> Generally , it is n't UNK to be in and out '' of the stock market . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK thinks that this week is `` going to be a UNK week . '' </s>
<s> But he also thinks it is `` a good week to consider buying . '' </s>
<s> John UNK , former president of the Los Angeles chapter of the National Association of Investors Corp. , an organization of investment clubs and individual investors , says his fellow club members did n't sell in the crash of 1987 , and see no reason to sell now . </s>
<s> `` We 're dedicated long-term investors , not traders , '' he says . </s>
<s> `` We understand UNK and UNK . </s>
<s> And we hope to take advantage of UNK and buy stocks when they plunge . '' </s>
<s> One UNK of investment pros sees what happened Friday as an opportunity . </s>
<s> Over the next days and weeks , they say , investors should look for stocks to buy . </s>
<s> Friday 's action `` was an UNK panic , '' says Alfred Goldman , director of technical market analysis for UNK Edwards & Sons in St. Louis . </s>
<s> `` Stocks were being thrown out of windows at any price . '' </s>
<s> His advice : `` You ought to be there with a basket UNK them . '' </s>
<s> James Craig , portfolio manager for the UNK UNK Fund , which has one of the industry 's better track records , started his buying during Friday 's plunge . </s>
<s> Stocks such as UNK Foods Corp. , UNK Stores Inc. , American International Group Inc. and Federal National Mortgage Association became such bargains that he could n't resist them , he says . </s>
<s> And Mr. Craig expects to pick up more shares today . </s>
<s> `` It will be UNK at first , but I would not be buying if I thought we were headed for real trouble , '' he says . </s>
<s> He argues that stocks are reasonably valued now , and that interest rates are lower now than in the fall of 1987 . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK of Stein Roe suggests that any buying should `` concentrate in stocks that have lagged the market on the up side , or stocks that have been UNK down a lot more than the market in this correction . '' </s>
<s> His firm favors selected computer , drug and UNK stocks . </s>
<s> Other investment pros are more pessimistic . </s>
<s> They say investors should sell stocks -- but not necessarily right away . </s>
<s> Many of them stress that the selling can be UNK , gradual , and done when stock prices are UNK . </s>
<s> On Thursday , William UNK , a Seattle money manager , used futures contracts in his personal account to place a bet that the broad market averages would decline . </s>
<s> He thinks the underlying inflation rate is around 5 % to 6 % , far higher than most people UNK . </s>
<s> In the pension accounts he manages , Mr. UNK has raised cash positions and invested in gold and natural gas stocks , partly as an inflation hedge . </s>
<s> He thinks government officials are UNK to let a recession start when government , corporate and personal debt levels are so high . </s>
<s> So he thinks the government will UNK on the side of UNK inflation . </s>
<s> As a result , Mr. UNK says , `` I think the ball game 's over , '' and investors are about to face a bear market . </s>
<s> David M. Jones , vice president at UNK G. UNK & Co. , recommends Treasury securities ( of up to five years ' maturity ) . </s>
<s> He says the Oct. 6 employment report , showing slower economic growth and a severe weakening in the manufacturing sector , is a warning sign to investors . </s>
<s> One strategy for investors who want to stay in but hedge their UNK is to buy `` put '' options , either on the individual stocks they own or on a broad market index . </s>
<s> A put option gives its holder the right ( but not the obligation ) to sell a stock ( or stock index ) for a specified price ( the strike price ) until the option expires . </s>
<s> Whether this insurance is UNK depends on the cost of an option . </s>
<s> The cost , or premium , tends to get fat in times of crisis . </s>
<s> Thus , buying puts after a big market slide can be an expensive way to hedge against risk . </s>
<s> The prices of puts generally did n't soar Friday . </s>
<s> For example , the premium as a percentage of the stock price for certain puts on Eli Lilly & Co. moved up from 3 % at Thursday 's close to only 3.3 % at Friday 's close , even though the shares dropped more than $ UNK . </s>
<s> But UNK prices may UNK when trading UNK today . </s>
<s> It 's hard to UNK about a reasonable price for puts . </s>
<s> But investors should keep in mind , before paying too much , that the average annual return for stock holdings , long-term , is 9 % to 10 % a year ; a return of 15 % is considered UNK . </s>
<s> UNK , say , 10 % for insurance against losses takes a deep UNK out of the return . </s>
<s> James A. White and Tom UNK contributed to this article . </s>
<s> Freeport-McMoRan Inc. said a temporary UNK of operations at its UNK Bridge UNK facility in UNK , UNK , will result in slight earnings improvement to both the company and its Freeport-McMoRan UNK Partners Limited Partnership unit . </s>
<s> The company did n't elaborate . </s>
<s> The diversified energy and minerals concern said that a depressed UNK market is responsible for the temporary UNK of the plant , but that the plant can be UNK quickly when the market improves . </s>
<s> More than 400,000 pounds of UNK a year have been produced at the facility during the past seven years . </s>
<s> A second UNK plant at UNK Sam , UNK , that produces more than UNK pounds of UNK annually , will continue to operate . </s>
<s> Freeport-McMoRan said the shutdown wo n't affect sales volumes under long-term sales contracts of its UNK UNK UNK Co. unit , but will reduce the amount of product sold on the spot market . </s>
<s> Freeport-McMoRan UNK Partners , as owner of the UNK technology , receives royalty payments . </s>
<s> Hammond Co. , Newport Beach , Calif. , said Fidelity National Financial Inc. extended its previous agreement , under which it wo n't purchase any more of the mortgage banker 's common stock , through Oct. 31 . </s>
<s> The previous agreement expired Thursday . </s>
<s> Hammond said that its discussions with Fidelity , an Irvine , Calif. , UNK underwriter , are continuing , but that prospects for a longer-term standstill agreement are uncertain . </s>
<s> Fidelity has increased its stake in Hammond to UNK % in recent months . </s>
<s> UNK made in Securities and Exchange Commission filings led Hammond to request a standstill agreement . </s>
<s> Walter Sisulu and the African National Congress came home yesterday . </s>
<s> After 26 years in prison , Mr. Sisulu , the UNK former UNK of the UNK movement , was dropped off at his house by a prison services ' van just as the sun was coming up . </s>
<s> At the same time , six ANC colleagues , five of whom were arrested with him in 1963 and sentenced to life UNK , were UNK with their families at various places around the country . </s>
<s> And as the UNK men returned to their homes , the ANC , UNK in South Africa since 1960 and still considered to be the chief public enemy by the white government , UNK returned to the streets of the country 's black UNK . </s>
<s> A huge ANC flag , with black , green and gold UNK , was UNK over the UNK UNK at Mr. Sisulu 's modest house , while on the street out front , boys displayed the ANC colors on their shirts , UNK and UNK . </s>
<s> At the small UNK home of UNK UNK , a leading ANC UNK and a former UNK in the group 's armed UNK , UNK we UNK , UNK stuck little ANC UNK in their hair and a man UNK on an UNK UNK UNK in ANC UNK . </s>
<s> `` I am happy to see the spirit of the people , '' said Mr. Sisulu , looking UNK in a new gray suit . </s>
<s> As the crowd outside his home UNK `` ANC , ANC , '' the old man shot his UNK into the air . </s>
<s> `` I 'm inspired by the mood of the people . '' </s>
<s> Under the laws of the land , the ANC remains an illegal organization , and its headquarters are still in UNK , UNK . </s>
<s> But the UNK release of the seven leaders , who once formed the intellectual and UNK core of the ANC , is a de UNK UNK of the movement and the UNK of its internal UNK . </s>
<s> `` The government can never put the ANC back into the bottle again , '' said UNK UNK , a veteran UNK activist on hand to welcome Mr. Sisulu . </s>
<s> `` UNK have gone too far for the government to stop them now . </s>
<s> There 's no turning back . '' </s>
<s> There was certainly no UNK the UNK of ANC UNK last night , when hundreds of people UNK into the UNK Cross UNK Church in UNK for what became the first ANC rally in the country in 30 years . </s>
<s> UNK UNK of `` ANC '' and `` UNK we UNK '' shook the church as the seven aging men vowed that the ANC would continue its fight against the government and the policies of racial UNK on all UNK , including the armed struggle . </s>
<s> And they called on the government to release Nelson UNK , the ANC 's leading figure , who was jailed with them and remains in prison . </s>
<s> Without him , said Mr. Sisulu , the UNK of the others `` is only a UNK . '' </s>
<s> President UNK de UNK released the ANC men -- along with one of the founding members of the Pan UNK Congress , a rival UNK group -- as part of his efforts to create a climate of trust and peace in which his government can begin negotiations with black leaders over a new UNK aimed at giving blacks a voice in national government . </s>
<s> But Pretoria may instead be creating a climate for more turmoil and uncertainty in this UNK divided country . </s>
<s> As other UNK governments , particularly Poland and the Soviet Union , have recently discovered , initial steps to open up society can create a momentum for radical change that becomes difficult , if not impossible , to control . </s>
<s> As the days go by , the South African government will be ever more hard pressed to justify the continued UNK of Mr. UNK as well as the continued banning of the ANC and enforcement of the state of emergency . </s>
<s> If it does n't yield on these matters , and eventually begin talking directly to the ANC , the expectations and promise raised by yesterday 's releases will turn to UNK and unrest . </s>
<s> If it does , the large number of UNK whites , who oppose any concessions to the black majority , will step up their UNK and threats to take matters into their own hands . </s>
<s> The newly released ANC leaders also will be under enormous pressure . </s>
<s> The government is watching closely to see if their presence in the UNK leads to increased UNK protests and violence ; if it does , Pretoria will use this as a reason to keep Mr. UNK behind bars . </s>
<s> Pretoria has n't forgotten why they were all sentenced to life UNK in the first place : for sabotage and conspiracy to UNK the government . </s>
<s> In addition , the government is UNK that the releases could create a split between the internal and external wings of the ANC and between the newly UNK leaders and those activists who have emerged as leaders inside the country during their UNK . </s>
<s> In order to head off any divisions , Mr. UNK , in a meeting with his colleagues before they were released , UNK them to report to the ANC headquarters in UNK as soon as possible . </s>
<s> The men also will be faced with UNK the generation gap between themselves and the country 's many UNK black UNK , the so-called young UNK who are anxious to see the old UNK in action . </s>
<s> Says Peter UNK , president of the South African UNK Congress : `` We will be expecting them to act like leaders of the ANC . '' </s>
<s> They never considered themselves to be anything else . </s>
<s> At last night 's rally , they called on their UNK to be firm , yet disciplined , in their opposition to apartheid . </s>
<s> `` We UNK discipline because we know that the government is very , very sensitive , '' said Andrew UNK , another early UNK leader who is now 63 . </s>
<s> `` We want to see Nelson UNK and all our UNK out of prison , and if we are n't disciplined we may not see them here with us . </s>
<s> UNK for UNK `` national service , '' like UNK , UNK up from time to time , UNK the resistance of the body UNK , run their course , and seem to disappear , only to UNK and UNK public life UNK . </s>
<s> The disease UNK comes to mind , of course , not as an UNK on the advocates of national service . </s>
<s> Rather , it is born of frustration with having to combat constantly changing UNK of a UNK idea that one thought had been eliminated in the early 1970s , along with UNK . </s>
<s> It is back with us again , in the form of legislation to pay UNK under a `` National and Community Service Act , '' a proposal with a serious shot at congressional passage this fall . </s>
<s> Why does the UNK virus keep coming back ? </s>
<s> Perhaps it is because UNK UNK UNK both military experience and the social UNK . </s>
<s> If only we could get America 's UNK youth into at least a UNK uniform we might be able to teach UNK again and revive the spirit of giving . </s>
<s> A quarter of a century ago national service was UNK as a way of UNK the UNK UNK of the draft -- by , of all things , expanding the draft . </s>
<s> Those of us who resisted the idea then suspect today that an obligation of government service for all young people is still the true long-term aim of many UNK backers , despite their protests that present plans contain no UNK . </s>
<s> UNK of the volunteer military in the 1970s seemed to UNK national service as much as the draft . </s>
<s> But the virus was kept alive in UNK departments until a couple of years ago , when it again was let loose . </s>
<s> This time it attempted to UNK two connected problems , the rising cost of higher education and the rising expense to the federal government of educational grants and loans . </s>
<s> Why not keep and even expand the loans and grants , the advocates UNK , but require some form of service from each UNK ? </s>
<s> UNK service , UNK , could be a UNK option . </s>
<s> Thus , UNK it was hoped that the new strain of national service would prove UNK , UNK UNK conservatives , UNK UNK , and UNK liberals . </s>
<s> The Democratic UNK Council , a UNK group UNK the plan , surely thought it might help the party to attract support , especially among college students and their parents . </s>
<s> A provision allowing grants to be applied to UNK purchases was added to appeal to those who had had enough of UNK . </s>
<s> The UNK plan UNK `` UNK '' UNK trees , UNK UNK , UNK children , and UNK UNK for $ 100 a week , tax free , plus medical care . </s>
<s> With a tax-free $ 10,000 UNK payment at the end of each year , the UNK would be making a wage comparable to $ UNK a year . </s>
<s> UNK you , most of `` the UNK '' would be UNK 17 - to UNK , some not even high school UNK , and many saving money by living at home . </s>
<s> They would be doing better financially under national service than many taxpayers working at the same kinds of jobs and perhaps supporting families . </s>
<s> As it happened , political resistance developed among educational and minority interests that count on the present education grant system , so the UNK UNK decided to abandon the UNK crucial principle of `` give in order to get . '' </s>
<s> UNK to national service from the Pentagon , which wants to protect its own UNK process , also led to the UNK option being dropped . </s>
<s> Clearly , a new UNK for national service had to be UNK up . </s>
<s> What better place to turn than Sen. Edward Kennedy 's Labor Committee , that great UNK of government UNK , where many a UNK UNK of UNK is kept on the back UNK until it can be brought forward and presented as UNK UNK ? </s>
<s> In this case , the new UNK for national service called for throwing many UNK legislative UNK into one UNK : a demonstration project for educational aid ( particularly UNK to the UNK and Sen. Sam UNK ) , a similar demonstration program for youth conservation ( a la Sen. Chris UNK ) , a competitive grants program to states to spark youth and senior citizen volunteer projects ( a Kennedy specialty ) , a community service UNK program for students ( UNK to the UNK of Sen. Dale UNK , among others ) , plus UNK of the UNK volunteer program and the UNK UNK UNK , Foster UNK , and UNK UNK programs . </s>
<s> Before the UNK is printed , the House may add more UNK , also changing the initial price , now posted at some $ UNK million . </s>
<s> It is widely known that `` too many UNK UNK the UNK , '' but that wisdom does not necessarily reflect the view of the UNK , especially if they are senators . </s>
<s> The `` omnibus '' bill coming out of Congress may be UNK UNK , but the UNK UNK are happy and the restaurant is pushing the UNK very hard . </s>
<s> The UNK of UNK is in the air . </s>
<s> Is the voluntary sector so weak that it needs such unsolicited assistance ? </s>
<s> On the contrary , it is as robust as ever . </s>
<s> According to the UNK UNK , American adults contribute an average of two hours a week of service , while financial contributions to charity in the 1980s have risen 30 % ( adjusted for inflation ) . </s>
<s> Even if government does see various `` UNK needs , '' national service is not the way to meet them . </s>
<s> If we want to support students , we might adopt the idea used in other countries of offering more UNK based on something called `` UNK , '' rather than on the government 's idea of `` service . '' </s>
<s> Or we might provide a tax credit for working students . </s>
<s> What we do not need to do is start a war , and then try to justify it by creating a UNK Bill . </s>
<s> To the extent we lack UNK to staff UNK jobs in hospitals , for example , we should raise pay , pursue UNK technology , or allow more legal UNK , rather than UNK high school UNK as short-term workers and cause UNK among permanent workers paid lesser amounts to do the same jobs . </s>
<s> Will national service , in the current highly UNK and UNK form UNK enough appeal to get adopted ? </s>
<s> Not necessarily . </s>
<s> UNK show wide , UNK support for some vague concept of service , but the bill now under discussion lacks any UNK public backing . </s>
<s> Nonetheless , Senate Democrats are organizing a roll of supporting `` associations , '' `` UNK '' and `` UNK , '' some of which may hope to receive the paid `` UNK . '' </s>
<s> So far , the president seems UNK to substitute any of the omnibus for his own UNK proposal to UNK a `` UNK of UNK '' foundation with $ 25 million to inform citizens of all UNK and UNK them to genuine UNK . </s>
<s> However , even this UNK plan could become UNK if the White House gives in to congressional Democratic pressure to add to the scope of the president 's initiative or to involve the independent foundation in `` UNK '' federal funds for volunteer projects . </s>
<s> There 's no need for such concessions . </s>
<s> The omnibus can be defeated , the virus controlled , and real service protected . </s>
<s> National service , the UNK idea , still wo n't go away then , of course , but the millions of UNK youth performing works of `` UNK content '' will be UNK only in the UNK of their UNK . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK is a fellow at the UNK Hudson Institute . </s>
<s> This article is adapted from remarks at a UNK Institution conference on national service , in which Mr. UNK also participated . </s>
<s> The debate over National Service has begun again . </s>
<s> After a decade in which more than 50 UNK established their own service or conservation UNK and dozens of school systems made community service a UNK to high-school UNK , the focus has UNK to Washington . </s>
<s> At least 10 bills proposing one or another national program were introduced in Congress this spring . </s>
<s> One , UNK by Sen. Sam UNK ( D. , UNK . ) and Rep. Dave UNK ( D. , UNK ) , would have restricted federal college subsidies to students who had served . </s>
<s> An omnibus bill assembled by Sen. Edward Kennedy ( D. , Mass. ) , and including some diluted UNK provisions along with proposals by fellow Democratic UNK UNK UNK , Barbara UNK and Christopher UNK , has been reported out of the Senate Labor Committee . </s>
<s> It might well win Senate passage . </s>
<s> President Bush has UNK his own UNK UNK Service ( UNK ) plan , though its details remain to be specified . </s>
<s> What is one to think of all this ? </s>
<s> UNK and special interests govern some responses . </s>
<s> People eager to have youth `` pay their UNK to society '' favor service proposals -- UNK mandatory ones . </s>
<s> So do those who seek a `` UNK concept of UNK , '' a concept imposing UNK obligations as well as UNK rights . </s>
<s> Then there are UNK opponents . </s>
<s> To UNK , mandatory service is an UNK and voluntary systems are UNK uses of tax money . </s>
<s> UNK of the market question the value of the work national service would perform : </s>
<s> If the market wo n't pay for it , they argue , it ca n't be worth its cost . </s>
<s> UNK of the left are also UNK opposed ; they see service as a cover for the draft , or fear the UNK of youth , or want to see rights UNK , not obligations . </s>
<s> But what about those of us whose views are not UNK by formula or UNK ? </s>
<s> How should we think about national service ? </s>
<s> Let 's begin by recognizing a main source of confusion -- `` national service '' has no agreed meaning . </s>
<s> UNK service be voluntary or UNK ? </s>
<s> Short or long ? </s>
<s> UNK or full-time ? </s>
<s> UNK or unpaid ? </s>
<s> UNK participants live at home and work nearby or live in UNK and work on public UNK ? </s>
<s> What kinds of work would they do ? </s>
<s> What does `` national '' mean ? </s>
<s> UNK the program be run by the federal government , by local governments , or by private voluntary organizations ? </s>
<s> And who would serve ? </s>
<s> Only males , as with the draft , or both UNK ? </s>
<s> UNK only or all UNK ? </s>
<s> UNK people , or poor people , or a genuine UNK ? </s>
<s> Many or few ? </s>
<s> Those are not UNK questions , and the label `` national service '' answers none of them . </s>
<s> Then how should we think about national service ? </s>
<s> As a starting point , here are five UNK : 1 . Consider the UNK , not the name . </s>
<s> UNK `` national service '' in the UNK ; consider specific proposals . </s>
<s> They will differ in crucial ways . </s>
<s> 2 . `` Service '' should be service . </s>
<s> As commonly understood , service implies sacrifice . </s>
<s> It involves accepting risk , or giving up income , or deferring a career . </s>
<s> It follows that proposals like UNK , whose benefits to UNK are worth some $ UNK a year , do not qualify . </s>
<s> There is a UNK for such bills : Federal subsidies to college students amount to `` a UNK Bill without the UNK '' ; UNK those benefits should be earned , not given . </s>
<s> But the earnings exceed by 20 % the average income of young high-school UNK with full-time jobs . </s>
<s> Why call that service ? </s>
<s> 3 . UNK is fine ; UNK is not . </s>
<s> UNK service is unconstitutional . </s>
<s> It is also UNK and UNK . </s>
<s> ( Who will throw several hundred thousand UNK in jail each year ? ) </s>
<s> But through tax policy and in other ways the federal government UNK many kinds of behavior . </s>
<s> It should also encourage service -- UNK by all classes and all UNK . </s>
<s> Its encouragement should strengthen and not undercut the strong tradition of UNK in the U.S. , should build on the service programs already in existence , and should honor local UNK about which tasks most need doing . </s>
<s> 4 . Good programs are not cheap . </s>
<s> UNK assume that national service would get important work done UNK : forest fires fought , housing UNK , students UNK , UNK centers UNK . </s>
<s> There is important work to be done , and existing service and conservation UNK have shown that even UNK who start with few skills can do much of it well -- but not UNK . </s>
<s> Good service programs require UNK , UNK , training and UNK -- all of high quality . </s>
<s> They involve UNK to participants . </s>
<s> UNK residential programs also require housing and full-time UNK ; they are particularly expensive -- more per participant than a year at Stanford or Yale . </s>
<s> UNK programs are cheaper , but good ones still come to some $ 10,000 a year . </s>
<s> Are they worth that ? </s>
<s> UNK suggest that good ones are -- especially so if the effects on participants are counted . </s>
<s> But the calculations are UNK . </s>
<s> 5 . UNK youth are a special concern . </s>
<s> Are such expenditures UNK , then ? </s>
<s> Yes , if targeted . </s>
<s> People of all UNK and all classes should be encouraged to serve , but there are many ways for middle-class kids , and their UNK , to serve at little public cost . </s>
<s> They can volunteer at any of thousands of UNK institutions , or participate in service programs required by high schools or encouraged by colleges or employers . </s>
<s> UNK youth do n't have those opportunities . </s>
<s> They are not UNK in high school or college . </s>
<s> They are unlikely to be employed . </s>
<s> And they have grown up in UNK grim circumstances , among family structures breaking down , UNK by UNK UNK and bleak prospects . </s>
<s> But many of them can be quite UNK UNK by UNK and disciplined service . </s>
<s> Some wo n't accept the discipline ; others drop out for other reasons . </s>
<s> But some whom nothing else is reaching are UNK . </s>
<s> Learning skills , producing something UNK , feeling useful , they are no longer dependent -- others now depend on them . </s>
<s> Even if it is cheaper to build UNK or UNK apartments or plant UNK with paid professionals , the effects on the young people providing those services alter the UNK . </s>
<s> UNK speaking , these youth are not performing service . </s>
<s> They are giving up no income , deferring no careers , UNK no risk . </s>
<s> But they believe themselves to be serving , and they begin to respect themselves ( and others ) , to take control of their lives , to think of the future . </s>
<s> That is a service to the nation . </s>
<s> It is what federal support should try hardest to achieve . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK , a Carter administration budget official , heads his own Washington-based strategic planning firm . </s>
<s> He is a UNK of `` National Service : What UNK It UNK ? '' </s>
<s> ( Lexington UNK , 1986 ) . </s>
<s> The inflation-adjusted growth rate for France 's gross domestic product for the second quarter was revised upward to UNK % from the previous three months from the initial estimate of 0.7 % , the National Statistics Institute said . </s>
<s> The state agency said the latest revision left the growth rate for the first-quarter compared with the previous three months unchanged at 1.3 % . </s>
<s> If the economy continues to expand by UNK % a quarter for the rest of the year , it would leave UNK growth for all of 1989 at 3 % , the institute said . </s>
<s> That would be down from the 3.8 % rise posted in 1988 . </s>
<s> UNK UNK UNK Aviation S.A. said group profit before taxes and contributions to employee UNK soared 97 % to UNK million francs ( $ UNK million ) in the first half of 1989 from UNK million francs a year earlier . </s>
<s> The French aircraft group pointed out , however , that financial results from its sector of industry are frequently UNK because of UNK cash flow from large contracts . </s>
<s> It noted , for example , that group revenue for the first half was UNK billion francs , down about 12 % from UNK billion francs a year earlier . </s>
<s> Still , it said it expects sales for all of 1989 to be on the order of 20 billion francs , reflecting anticipated billings for two large contracts in the second half of the year . </s>
<s> For all of 1988 , UNK had group profit of UNK million francs on revenue of UNK billion francs . </s>
<s> The group has n't yet released earnings figures for the first half of 1989 , nor has it made a detailed forecast of its full-year earnings . </s>
<s> Aluminum Co. of America , hit hard by the strength of the dollar overseas , said net income for the third quarter dropped 3.2 % to $ UNK million , or $ UNK a share . </s>
<s> The nation 's No. 1 aluminum maker earned $ UNK million , or $ UNK a share , a year earlier . </s>
<s> Revenue rose 11 % to $ UNK billion from $ UNK billion . </s>
<s> Analysts , who were expecting UNK to post around $ UNK to $ 3 a share , were surprised at the lackluster third-quarter results . </s>
<s> `` It 's disappointing , '' said William UNK , an analyst with Smith Barney , Harris Upham & Co . </s>
<s> Much of the earnings decline was led by UNK rate adjustments , which affected the bottom line by $ UNK million , or 17 cents a share , compared with $ 3.6 million , or four cents a share , the previous year . </s>
<s> UNK prices for aluminum UNK and certain UNK products and a shift in the product mix also contributed to lower earnings , the company said . </s>
<s> `` In addition , costs were higher partly due to scheduled plant UNK for UNK work , '' the company said . </s>
<s> Excluding the higher tax rate , which rose two percentage points to 38 % , and the negative exchange rate adjustment , the company would have met analysts ' expectations , said R. Wayne UNK , an analyst with Goldman , Sachs & Co . </s>
<s> UNK that the third quarter is usually the aluminum industry 's UNK , Mr. UNK added , `` the third quarter is never a UNK up period for them anyway . '' </s>
<s> Nevertheless , the company said shipments were up slightly to UNK metric tons from UNK , UNK the impact of the unexpected earning decline . </s>
<s> The results were announced after the stock market closed . </s>
<s> In New York Stock Exchange composite trading Friday , UNK closed at $ 72 a share , down $ 4.75 , in a sharply lower market . </s>
<s> Giant Group Ltd. said it terminated negotiations for the purchase of UNK Airways , a UNK regional carrier that operates the United Express UNK service under contract to UAL Corp. 's United Airlines . </s>
<s> Giant , a Beverly Hills , Calif. , collection of companies that is controlled by Hollywood producer Burt Sugarman , did n't give a reason for UNK its plan to acquire the airline , and UNK officials could n't be reached for comment . </s>
<s> Giant agreed last month to purchase the carrier . </s>
<s> Giant has n't ever disclosed the proposed price , although UNK Inc. , an Arlington , UNK aircraft consulting concern , has valued UNK 's fleet at about $ 46 million . </s>
<s> The airline would have become the latest in a UNK UNK of Giant companies , which are involved in making cement , UNK newsprint and operating fast-food restaurants . </s>
<s> UNK Charles H. UNK II , chairman of UNK Corp. , purchased UNK shares , or 4.9 % , of UNK 's common , according to a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission . </s>
<s> The stock was bought on Thursday in a privately negotiated transaction , the filing said . </s>
<s> As previously reported , UNK , UNK , N.H. , and UNK Gas & Electric Co. , UNK , Mass. , are targets of unsolicited tender offers from UNK Eastern Utilities Associates . </s>
<s> Eastern Utilities has offered $ 40 a share for UNK and $ 36 a share for UNK Gas and has extended both offers to Dec. 4 . </s>
<s> Both companies rejected the offers . </s>
<s> American UNK Service Group Inc. said it purchased about 42 % of Prime Medical Services Inc. for about $ 5 million from Texas American Energy Corp . </s>
<s> American UNK said it also replaced four Texas American representatives on Prime 's UNK board . </s>
<s> American provides a variety of financial services to doctors and hospitals . </s>
<s> Prime , based in UNK , N.J. , provides management services to UNK UNK UNK and diagnostic UNK centers . </s>
<s> For the year ended June 30 , Prime had a net loss of $ 3 million on sales of $ 13.8 million . </s>
<s> Greece 's second UNK of general elections this year is slated for Nov. 5 . </s>
<s> For those hoping to see a UNK of political UNK restored -- in view of Greece 's UNK UNK under UNK UNK and subsequent three-month UNK with a UNK coalition government -- there is but one bright sign : The scandals still UNK former Prime Minister UNK UNK and his fallen socialist government are like UNK UNK around a UNK UNK . </s>
<s> In the UNK round of voting , UNK gave no clear mandate to any single political party . </s>
<s> The ad interim coalition government that emerged from UNK UNK was , in UNK , little more than the UNK UNK of ideological UNK : On one side , the UNK New UNK Party , headed by UNK UNK . </s>
<s> On the other , the so-called UNK of the UNK and UNK -- a UNK and rather deceptive title for a merger of the UNK Communist Party of Greece and its UNK UNK , the UNK UNK . </s>
<s> The UNK bond for this UNK UNK was plain : UNK ( Mr. UNK 's party ) as common political enemy . </s>
<s> The UNK goal was a UNK of government corruption , UNK at all levels , but the main marks were Mr. UNK and his UNK associates . </s>
<s> In point of fact , this UNK was overdue by decades . </s>
<s> When reduced to UNK status in UNK UNK UNK , however , the notion UNK into a promised assault , with targets primarily for political gains , not justice . </s>
<s> With regard to Greece 's UNK UNK scandal , Mr. UNK 's principal UNK remains George UNK , former owner of the Bank of UNK and UNK UNK , now UNK in a jail cell in UNK , Mass. , from where he is fighting UNK proceedings that would return him to Greece . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK 's credibility is , at best , UNK . </s>
<s> He has ample UNK to shift the blame , and his testimony has also been found less than UNK on numerous points . </s>
<s> Nevertheless , the New UNK and Communist parties UNK his UNK as proof of UNK UNK . </s>
<s> Among UNK questions are whether Mr. UNK received $ 23 million of stolen Bank of UNK funds and an additional $ UNK in UNK , as contended ; whether the prime minister ordered state agencies to deposit some $ 57 million in Mr. UNK 's bank and then UNK off the interest ; and , what UNK 's cut was from the $ UNK million Mr. UNK UNK . </s>
<s> Two former ministers were so heavily UNK in the UNK affair that UNK members of Parliament voted to refer them to the special court . </s>
<s> But UNK parliamentary probe was the case of millions of UNK Mr. UNK UNK into New UNK UNK . </s>
<s> In the end , the investigation produced only UNK evidence and `` indications '' that point to UNK , not UNK proof . </s>
<s> On another issue , UNK were told how their national intelligence agency , the UNK , regularly monitored the telephone conversations of prominent figures , including key opposition politicians , journalists and UNK cabinet members . </s>
<s> Despite convincing arguments , it was never established that Mr. UNK personally ordered or directed the UNK . </s>
<s> The central weakness of the `` scandals '' debates was pointed up especially well when discussions focused on arms deals and UNK . </s>
<s> The coalition government tried to show that UNK ministers had received hefty sums for UNK the purchase of UNK UNK Falcon and Mirage 2000 combat aircraft , produced by the UNK General Dynamics Corp. and France 's UNK UNK UNK , respectively . </s>
<s> UNK , neither General Dynamics nor UNK could be expected to UNK its prospective future dealings by making disclosures of sums paid ( or not ) to various UNK officials for services UNK . </s>
<s> So it seems that Mr. UNK and his communist UNK may have UNK served Mr. UNK a moral victory on a UNK : UNK , whether guilty or not , can now UNK the UNK UNK the whole affair as a UNK UNK at Mr. UNK 's expense . </s>
<s> But while UNK high UNK alone wo n't help UNK regain power , Mr. UNK should never be UNK . </s>
<s> First came his predictable UNK : He charged the UNK of the UNK and UNK had sold out its leftist UNK by UNK in a UNK plot aimed at UNK UNK and UNK the course of socialism in Greece . </s>
<s> Then , to UNK his credibility with the left , he UNK some smaller leftist parties to stand for election under the UNK UNK . </s>
<s> Next , he continued to court the UNK -- many of whom feel UNK by the UNK coalition 's birth -- by bringing into UNK a UNK Communist Party candidate . </s>
<s> For balance , and in hopes of gaining some UNK UNK votes , he managed to attract a former New UNK Party representative and known political enemy of Mr. UNK . </s>
<s> Thus UNK heads for the polls not only with diminished UNK , but also with `` UNK of approval '' from representatives of its UNK UNK . </s>
<s> UNK as these elections are for Greece , pressing issues of state are getting lost in the UNK . </s>
<s> The country 's future NATO participation remains UNK , for instance . </s>
<s> Greece also must UNK major pieces of legislation in preparation for the 1992 targets of heightened Common Market cooperation . </s>
<s> Greece 's UNK relations with the U.S. need attention soon as well . </s>
<s> For one , the current accord concerning U.S. military bases in Greece UNK in May 1990 . </s>
<s> UNK for a new agreement were frozen before the June elections , but the UNK is running . </s>
<s> Another matter of concern is the UNK of UNK UNK , a Palestinian UNK who is wanted in the U.S. for the 1982 UNK of a Pan American Airways flight . </s>
<s> The UNK courts have decided in favor of UNK in the UNK case , but the matter UNK final approval from Greece 's next justice minister . </s>
<s> The UNK seem barely aware of the importance of the case as a UNK test of whether Greece will be counted in or out for international efforts to combat terrorism . </s>
<s> That UNK could win the elections outright is UNK ; the UNK press , previously eager to UNK off UNK 's line , has turned on Mr. UNK with a UNK UNK . </s>
<s> Yet the possibility of another UNK government is all too real . </s>
<s> If Mr. UNK becomes the major opposition leader , he could UNK a UNK coalition . </s>
<s> Also , he could force new elections early next year by UNK the procedures for the election of the president of the republic in March . </s>
<s> New UNK has once again UNK UNK the opponent and linked its own prospects to negative reaction against UNK , UNK to tend to either program UNK or the UNK of internal UNK . </s>
<s> As for Mr. UNK ? </s>
<s> He 's not exactly sitting pretty at this stage . </s>
<s> But since he is UNK one of the most UNK bull UNK who ever UNK UNK , it seems far UNK to view him as UNK , but certainly not yet eliminated . </s>
<s> Mr. Carpenter , a regional UNK for National Review , has lived in UNK since 1981 . </s>
<s> Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce said it will increase its loan-loss provisions to cover all its loans to lesser developed countries , except Mexico , resulting in an after-tax charge to 1989 earnings of 300 million Canadian dollars ( US$ UNK million ) . </s>
<s> Don UNK , senior vice president and chief UNK , said the bank 's strong earnings enable it to be the first major Canadian bank to set aside provisions covering all its C$ UNK billion in UNK UNK debt . </s>
<s> `` It UNK the continuing uncertainty with respect to the ultimate value of the loans , '' he said . </s>
<s> The bank said about C$ UNK million will be added to its existing UNK and general loss provisions in its fourth quarter , ending Oct. 31 . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK said the C$ 300 million charge to earnings would amount to about C$ UNK a share . </s>
<s> The bank 's net income for the nine months ended July 31 was C$ UNK million , or C$ UNK a share . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK said the bank will restructure its C$ UNK million of Mexican debt , of which C$ UNK million is in Mexican notes secured by U.S. government bonds . </s>
<s> The bank has a 45 % reserve against the remaining C$ UNK million of Mexican debt and expects to swap that for other Mexican notes supported by U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK said the bank 's experience with UNK debt has been `` painful '' and this latest move represents the final phase of a program begun seven years ago to reduce its exposure through UNK , debt sales and debt swaps . </s>
<s> He said the bank will no longer participate in UNK UNK lending , but will support trade financing and other transactions that meet the bank 's standards . </s>
<s> The Bush administration , urging the Supreme Court to give states more UNK to restrict abortions , said UNK have n't any right to abortion without the consent of their parents . </s>
<s> UNK General Kenneth UNK argued that the 1973 Supreme Court decision , Roe vs. Wade , recognizing a constitutional right to abortion , was UNK . </s>
<s> He also argued that the high court was wrong in 1976 to rule that UNK have a right to abortion that ca n't be absolutely vetoed by their parents . </s>
<s> The administration 's position was UNK in a UNK brief filed in one of three abortion cases the Supreme Court will hear argued and will decide this term . </s>
<s> The administration filed the brief in an appeal involving a Minnesota law that requires that both parents of a minor be notified before she may have an abortion . </s>
<s> The administration urged the UNK to adopt a legal standard suggested by Chief Justice William UNK last July when the high court upheld Missouri 's abortion restrictions . </s>
<s> Under that standard , which UNK the votes of only three of the nine UNK , a state restriction of abortion is constitutional if the state has a `` reasonable '' UNK for adopting it . </s>
<s> That is a much easier standard for a state to satisfy than the Supreme Court 's test since 1973 , which requires a state to have a `` UNK '' reason for UNK abortion . </s>
<s> On the provisions of the Minnesota law , the Bush administration said that requiring that both parents be notified is a reasonable regulation , and that there is no need to have an alternative that allows UNK to go to court for a judge 's permission instead . </s>
<s> The case , UNK vs. Minnesota , will be argued Nov. 29 . </s>
<s> When China opened its doors to foreign investors in 1979 , toy makers from Hong Kong were among the first to march in . </s>
<s> Today , with about 75 % of the companies ' products being made in China , the chairman of the Hong Kong UNK Council , Dennis UNK , has suggested a new UNK label : `` UNK in China by Hong Kong Companies . '' </s>
<s> The toy makers were pushed across the border by rising labor and land costs in the British colony . </s>
<s> But in the wake of the UNK in Beijing on June 4 , the Hong Kong toy industry is worrying about its strong UNK on China . </s>
<s> Although the manufacturers stress that production has n't been affected by China 's political turmoil , they are looking for additional sites . </s>
<s> The toy makers , and their foreign buyers , cite uncertainty about China 's economic and political policies . </s>
<s> `` Nobody wants to have all his eggs in one basket , '' says David UNK , chairman and chief executive officer of International UNK Group Ltd . </s>
<s> Indeed , UNK and other leading Hong Kong toy makers were setting up factories in Southeast Asia , especially in Thailand , long before the massacre . </s>
<s> Their steps were partly prompted by concern over a deterioration of business conditions in southern China . </s>
<s> By diversifying supply sources , the toy makers do n't intend to withdraw from China , manufacturers and foreign buyers say . </s>
<s> It would n't be easy to UNK quickly the manufacturing capacity built up in southern China during the past decade . </s>
<s> A supply of cheap labor and the access to Hong Kong 's port , airport , banks and support industries , such as printing companies , have made China 's UNK province a premier manufacturing site . </s>
<s> `` South China is the most competitive source of UNK in the world , '' says Henry UNK , executive director of UNK UNK UNK Consolidated Ltd . </s>
<s> Hong Kong trade figures illustrate the toy makers ' reliance on factories across the border . </s>
<s> In 1988 , exports of UNK produced UNK and games fell 19 % from 1987 , to HK$ UNK billion ( US$ 1.29 billion ) . </s>
<s> But UNK , mainly from China , jumped 75 % , to HK$ UNK billion . </s>
<s> In 1989 's first seven months , domestic exports fell 29 % , to HK$ UNK billion , while UNK rose 56 % , to HK$ UNK billion . </s>
<s> Manufacturers say there is no immediate substitute for southern China , where an estimated UNK people are employed by the toy industry . </s>
<s> `` For the next few years , like it or not , China is going to be the main supplier , '' says UNK Young , vice president of UNK Enterprises Ltd. , one of the first big Hong Kong toy makers to move across the border . </s>
<s> In the meantime , as manufacturers and buyers seek new sites , they are focusing mainly on Southeast Asia . </s>
<s> Several big companies have established manufacturing joint ventures in Thailand , including UNK , UNK UNK and UNK Industrial Co. , the toy manufacturer headed by Mr. UNK . </s>
<s> Malaysia , the Philippines and Indonesia also are being studied . </s>
<s> With the European Community set to remove its internal trade barriers in 1992 , several Hong Kong companies are beginning to consider Spain , Portugal and Greece as possible manufacturing sites . </s>
<s> UNK about China came just as Hong Kong 's toy industry was recovering from a 1987 sales slump and bankruptcy filings by two major U.S. companies , UNK of UNK Inc. and UNK Industries Inc . </s>
<s> Hong Kong manufacturers say large debt UNK and other financial problems resulting from the 1987 difficulties UNK the local industry , causing it to UNK credit policies and financial management . </s>
<s> The industry UNK last year and this year as a period of recovery that will lead to improved results . </s>
<s> Still , they long for a `` UNK '' toy to UNK retail sales in the U.S. , Hong Kong 's biggest market for UNK and games . </s>
<s> The UNK thing the colony 's companies have to a U.S. UNK this year is the UNK UNK UNK UNK series of action figures manufactured by UNK Holdings Ltd . </s>
<s> UNK in UNK , the UNK plastic UNK are based on an American comic book and television series . </s>
<s> Paul UNK , managing director of UNK , says 10 million UNK UNK have been sold , placing the UNK UNK among the 10 UNK UNK in the U.S. . </s>
<s> Should sales continue to be strong through the Christmas season , which accounts for about 60 % of U.S. retail toy sales , Mr. UNK said the UNK UNK could make 1989 a record sales year for UNK . </s>
<s> Other Hong Kong manufacturers expect their results to improve only slightly this year from 1988 . </s>
<s> Besides the lack of a UNK product , they cite the continued dominance of the U.S. market by UNK Entertainment System , an expensive video game made by UNK Co. of Japan . </s>
<s> UNK buyers have little money left to spend on other products . </s>
<s> Many of the toy makers ' problems started well before June 4 as a result of UNK infrastructure and Beijing 's UNK programs launched late last year . </s>
<s> UNK makers complain that electricity in UNK has been provided only three days a week in recent months , down from five days a week , as the province 's rapid UNK has UNK its generating capacity . </s>
<s> Manufacturers are UNK UNK power plants . </s>
<s> Bank credit for China investments all but UNK up following June 4 . </s>
<s> Also , concern exists that the UNK Beijing leadership will UNK its control of UNK , which has been the main laboratory for the UNK policy and economic reforms . </s>
<s> But , toy manufacturers and other UNK say Beijing will be UNK from UNK controls on UNK southern China . </s>
<s> They say China 's trade deficit is widening and the country is too short of foreign exchange for it to UNK production in UNK . </s>
<s> `` The Chinese leaders have to decide whether they want control or whether the want exports , '' says Mr. UNK of UNK . </s>
<s> The UNK among takeover stocks Friday does n't mean the end of UNK but simply marks the start of a less ambitious game , Wall Street 's big-time deal makers say . </s>
<s> UNK from now on are more likely to be UNK companies , rather than raiders or UNK financiers . </s>
<s> And they will be launching UNK and perhaps fewer deals , now that it 's tougher to finance them . </s>
<s> This is an UNK sign for a stock market that lately has been fueled by takeover speculation and bidding wars for companies that put themselves up for sale . </s>
<s> UNK the 1980s merger boom seems to be UNK , shock waves UNK through the stock market . </s>
<s> `` The market is UNK , not cheap , '' says Alan UNK of the New York UNK firm UNK UNK . </s>
<s> He recently began increasing his cash position to 45 % of his portfolio . </s>
<s> `` I look at where deals can get done , '' he says , `` and they 're not getting done '' at current prices . </s>
<s> UNK are growing increasingly nervous about UNK takeovers , investment bankers say . </s>
<s> `` You had a week of a deteriorating junk-bond market that ran UNK into the news on Friday about what appeared to be happening to the bank debt market , '' says Steven UNK , a partner and merger specialist with Lazard UNK & Co . </s>
<s> Trading UNK up Friday in the market for high-yield junk bonds , often used to finance takeovers . </s>
<s> It was the latest in a series of setbacks for the junk bond market , where prices began weakening last month after Campeau hit a cash crunch . </s>
<s> And banks appear to be taking an increasingly skeptical view of requests for high-risk takeover loans . </s>
<s> The group trying to buy UAL announced Friday that it could n't arrange the $ 7.2 billion in bank loans it needs to buy the parent of United Airlines for $ 300 a share . </s>
<s> UNK traders today will be scrambling to learn of any UAL developments , and other takeover stocks are likely to trade in UNK . </s>
<s> Investment bankers representing the buy-out group and UAL 's board spent a UNK weekend trying to UNK out new terms that would be more acceptable to the banks . </s>
<s> After UAL , the stock viewed as most vulnerable is American Airlines ' parent AMR , the target of a $ UNK takeover proposal from New York real estate developer Donald Trump . </s>
<s> Trading in AMR shares was suspended shortly after 3 p.m. EDT Friday and did n't resume . </s>
<s> Before the halt , AMR last traded at 98 5\/8 . </s>
<s> Late Friday night , the London office of Jefferies & Co. , a Los Angeles securities firm , traded AMR shares at prices as low as 80 . </s>
<s> Similarly , Delta Air Lines and USAir Group dropped 10.1 % and 8.5 % , respectively , on Friday and could weaken further . </s>
<s> Over the UNK , however , two developments in other deals indicated that UNK banks and Wall Street firms still are willing to commit billions of dollars to finance takeover bids launched by major companies . </s>
<s> UNK S.A. , a major Mexican glass maker , said yesterday that it agreed to buy UNK UNK Container in a tender offer for $ UNK a share , sweetened from the original $ UNK offer UNK launched two months ago . </s>
<s> On Friday , UNK shares fell 1 1\/4 to close at 18 1\/2 . </s>
<s> For the broader market , the greatest significance of the UNK deal may be that it was put together late Friday night -- after the market UNK -- and involves a $ 155 million temporary `` bridge '' loan from Donaldson , Lufkin & Jenrette Securities and a $ UNK million loan from Security Pacific National Bank . </s>
<s> Moreover , to complete the entire UNK UNK purchase and UNK existing debt , Donaldson said it is `` highly confident '' that it will be able to sell $ 400 million of junk bonds for UNK , despite the current disarray in the junk bond market . </s>
<s> Donaldson 's statement is n't merely an idle UNK , because those bonds will have to be sold before Donaldson 's bridge loan can be paid back . </s>
<s> Security Pacific , meanwhile , said it expects to arrange $ UNK million in bank loans for UNK . </s>
<s> In another takeover battle , a spokesman for McCaw Cellular Communications said yesterday that McCaw has been advised by three commercial banks that they remain `` highly confident '' they can arrange $ 4.5 billion of bank loans for McCaw 's tender offer for about 45 % of LIN Broadcasting , `` notwithstanding recent events . '' </s>
<s> McCaw is offering $ 125 a share for 22 million LIN shares , thereby challenging LIN 's proposal to spin off its television properties , pay shareholders a $ UNK special dividend and combine its UNK operations with BellSouth 's cellular business . </s>
<s> On Friday , LIN shares were among the few takeover issues that did n't fall much , dropping 5 1\/2 , or 4.9 % , to close at 107 1\/2 . </s>
<s> Traders and investment bankers said LIN shares were n't hurt much because BellSouth is viewed as a UNK corporate buyer unlikely to be affected by UNK among bankers or bond buyers . </s>
<s> Investment bankers interviewed over the weekend see a silver UNK for the merger business in the stock-market drop . </s>
<s> UNK bidders for companies `` were saying that things were beginning to look expensive , '' says Mr. UNK of Lazard . </s>
<s> `` Nothing makes things look cheaper than a UNK drop in the Dow , '' Mr. UNK says . </s>
<s> `` Just as there are people waiting to become bargain UNK in the stock market , there are people waiting to become bargain UNK in the deal market . '' </s>
<s> Investment bankers expect most of those bargain UNK to be UNK corporations . </s>
<s> `` In the past , corporate buyers were often UNK from making bids because of competition from LBO firms , which were often prepared to UNK '' the corporations , says J. UNK Hill , head of mergers and acquisitions at Shearson Lehman Hutton . </s>
<s> Now , `` corporate buyers should be willing to UNK the acquisition market because the competition from UNK buyers has been reduced . '' </s>
<s> Many takeover stocks plunged Friday , as speculators retained their confidence in corporate buyers but fled from the UNK UNK stocks , the targets of rumored deals . </s>
<s> Columbia Pictures Entertainment , which has agreed to a friendly $ UNK bid from Sony of Japan , fell only 1\/8 to close at 26 5\/8 . </s>
<s> But several stocks long rumored to be UNK for a takeover or restructuring fell 10 % or more . </s>
<s> They include USX , down 11.7 % ; Upjohn , down UNK % ; Campbell Soup , down 11 % ; Paramount Communications , off UNK % ; Woolworth , down 10.2 % ; Delta Air Lines , down 10.1 % , and MCA , down 9.7 % . </s>
<s> The market -- and investment bankers -- are even less UNK about companies that have had at least one bid , merger agreement or restructuring plan fall through already . </s>
<s> Given the weakness in both the junk bond market and the stock market , traders fear that these transactions may be revised yet again . </s>
<s> UNK include UNK , whose agreement to be acquired for $ 25 a share by UNK collapsed last month . </s>
<s> UNK shares fell nearly 20 % on Friday to close at 12 7\/8 . </s>
<s> Ramada , which first delayed and then UNK a $ 400 million junk bond sale that was designed to help finance a restructuring , fell 15.6 % to close at 9 1\/2 . </s>
<s> Ramada has said it hopes to propose a new restructuring plan but has n't indicated when it will do so . </s>
<s> Shares of American Medical International , which agreed last week to accept a lower price from a buy-out group that includes First Boston Corp. and the UNK family of Chicago , fell UNK % on Friday to close at 20 . </s>
<s> The buy-out group is offering $ UNK a share for 63 million American Medical shares , down from its offer in July of $ 28 a share for UNK million shares . </s>
<s> But investment bankers say the market may have UNK some UNK stocks . </s>
<s> UNK UNK , for example , was among the UNK issues , falling UNK % to close at 85 , down 21 1\/2 on Friday . </s>
<s> UNK currently is soliciting bids for a sale of part or all of its hotel and casino businesses . </s>
<s> People familiar with UNK said over the weekend that the UNK of the sell-off in UNK shares was unwarranted because none of the likely buyers would be dependent on junk-bond financing . </s>
<s> However , they conceded that some potential bidders would rely on bank loans and would be hurt if the troubles of the UAL buy-out group UNK a general UNK among banks to provide credit for UNK takeovers . </s>
<s> UNK officials said they were n't worried about the drop in the company 's stock . </s>
<s> William UNK , UNK 's general counsel , said plans to consider a sale of the company or some of its assets are `` on track '' for what has been described previously as `` a slow and UNK process . '' </s>
<s> `` I ca n't believe that any potential buyer for UNK would be affected by one day 's trading , '' Mr. UNK said . </s>
<s> But the stock market as a whole , bolstered as it is by takeover speculation , remains vulnerable to any further UNK by takeover financiers , both in the UNK market and among commercial banks . </s>
<s> For UNK suitors , `` the takeover game has been over for some time , '' says New York money manager Neil UNK of UNK Capital , who has been keeping 85 % of his portfolio in cash . </s>
<s> `` The market is just UNK up to that point . '' </s>
<s> UNK UNK in Los Angeles contributed to this column . </s>
<s> Lockheed UNK Systems Co. , a unit of Lockheed Corp. , said it agreed to join with UNK S.p . A. of UNK , Italy , to propose a new generation of jet UNK for the U.S. Air Force . </s>
<s> The Air Force is looking to buy UNK new primary jet UNK , with a total value of $ 1.5 billion to $ 2 billion , between 1994 and 2004 . </s>
<s> The aircraft would replace the UNK , made by the UNK UNK Co. unit of General Dynamics Corp. , which the Air Force uses to train jet pilots . </s>
<s> Lockheed said the U.S. Navy may also buy an additional UNK UNK aircraft to replace its UNK UNK made by the UNK UNK Corp. unit of UNK Corp . </s>
<s> Under the agreement with Lockheed , UNK will license Lockheed to build the UNK UNK jet UNK and will supply certain structures . </s>
<s> Lockheed will build additional structures and perform final assembly of the UNK UNK at its UNK , Ga. , plant should the Air Force order the craft . </s>
<s> A Lockheed spokesman in UNK , Calif. , said he was n't aware of which other companies would be competing for the Air Force contract . </s>
<s> Dresdner Bank AG of West Germany has announced a friendly tender offer for control of Banque UNK de UNK , a French bank whose main shareholder is France 's Societe Generale , the Societe de UNK UNK said . </s>
<s> The tender offer by West Germany 's UNK commercial bank is in two stages . </s>
<s> Dresdner is offering to acquire UNK % of UNK 's capital for UNK francs ( $ UNK ) a share . </s>
<s> The terms of the offer put a value of UNK million francs ( $ UNK million ) on the UNK % UNK . </s>
<s> The Societe Generale banking group controls UNK % of the UNK , while Societe Generale de UNK S.A. owns UNK % and Financiere UNK , a holding company , owns 5.1 % . </s>
<s> Mexican investor Joel UNK UNK said he sold a block of 600,000 shares of Smith Laboratories Inc. common stock to companies affiliated with him . </s>
<s> In a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission , Mr. UNK UNK said UNK UNK Inc. , UNK II Inc. , and UNK III Inc. bought the 600,000 shares on Oct. 11 for $ 1.4 million , or $ UNK a share . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK UNK said that he , UNK Group Ltd. , UNK , UNK II , and UNK III are all affiliated and hold a combined stake of UNK shares , or UNK % . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK UNK has said he wants to purchase more shares . </s>
<s> In San Diego , Smith Laboratories President Timothy UNK said the transfer of the shares is n't significant . </s>
<s> Apple Computer Inc. said it will offer cash rebates on several of its machines from Oct. 14 to Dec. UNK , as part of a UNK sales promotion . </s>
<s> Apple will offer a $ 150 UNK on its Apple UNK with any Apple UNK and disk drive ; $ 200 on the basic UNK UNK central processing unit ; $ 250 on the UNK UNK central processing unit ; $ 250 on the UNK UNK / 30 UNK , and $ 300 on a UNK UNK with any Apple video card and Apple monitor . </s>
<s> The rebates , as a percentage of the retail cost of the UNK of each system , amount to 6 % to 13 % . </s>
<s> The company is also offering a free trial of its computers to consumers who qualify for its credit cards or leases . </s>
<s> The market for $ 200 billion of high-risk junk bonds , battered by a succession of defaults and huge price declines this year , practically UNK Friday . </s>
<s> Trading ground to a halt as investors rushed to sell bonds , only to find themselves UNK by potential buyers . </s>
<s> UNK , they watched brokerage houses mark down price quotations on their junk holdings while being able to execute very few actual trades . </s>
<s> `` The junk bond market is in a state of gridlock now -- there are no bids , only offers , '' says independent investor Martin D. UNK , who manages nearly $ 4 billion and who recently decided to buy UNK securities for a new fund . </s>
<s> This UNK is `` far from over , '' he says . </s>
<s> UNK 's collapse helped UNK the UNK selling of stocks that produced the UNK one-day dive in the Dow Jones Industrial Average since the Oct. 19 , 1987 , crash . </s>
<s> UNK , it also helped trigger this year 's biggest rally in the U.S. government bond market as investors rushed to move capital into the UNK securities they could find . </s>
<s> But `` an UNK UNK UNK '' the junk market Friday as prices tumbled on hundreds of high-yield bonds despite `` no active trading , '' says John UNK , an economist at Moody 's Investors Service Inc . </s>
<s> For example , the price of UNK Corp. 's $ 500 million of 16 3\/4 % bonds due UNK -- sold less than two years ago by Goldman , Sachs & Co. -- plummeted 25 % to just 30 cents on the dollar . </s>
<s> But not even Goldman would make a market in the securities of UNK , the owner of the nationwide chain of UNK convenience stores that is strapped for cash . </s>
<s> Goldman officials declined to comment . </s>
<s> UNK bonds , which UNK from less than $ 2 billion at the start of this decade , have been declining for months as issuer after issuer sank beneath the weight of hefty interest payments . </s>
<s> The shaky market received its biggest jolt last month from Campeau Corp. , which created its U.S. retailing empire with junk financing . </s>
<s> Campeau developed a cash squeeze that caused it to be UNK on some interest payments and to put its prestigious UNK department-store chain up for sale . </s>
<s> Now , dozens of corporations , including UNK Allen , TW Services and York International , that are counting on at least $ 7 billion of scheduled new junk financings to keep their highly leveraged takeovers and buy-outs UNK , may never get the money . </s>
<s> `` The music has stopped playing , '' says Michael UNK , a principal in the investment firm of Levy UNK . </s>
<s> `` You 've either got a chair or you do n't . '' </s>
<s> In Friday 's aftermath , says R. Douglas UNK , a director of high-yield finance at First Boston Corp. , `` much of the $ 7 billion forward calendar could be UNK , depending on the UNK . '' </s>
<s> In August , First Boston withdrew a $ 475 million junk offering of Ohio UNK bonds because potential buyers were `` very UNK . '' </s>
<s> The outlook `` looks shaky because we 're still waiting '' for mutual funds , in particular , to dump some of their junk bond holdings to pay off UNK by individual investors , says King UNK , senior vice president at UNK , UNK & UNK , an investment arm of Xerox Financial Services . </s>
<s> Indeed , a Moody 's index that tracks the net asset values of 24 high-yield mutual funds declined for the UNK consecutive day Friday . </s>
<s> In a UNK contrast , the benchmark 30-year Treasury bond climbed more than 2 1\/2 points , or about $ 25 for each $ 1,000 face amount , to 103 UNK , its biggest gain of the year . </s>
<s> The bond 's yield dropped to UNK % , the lowest since March 31 , 1987 , according to UNK Data Global Markets Group . </s>
<s> The yield on three-month Treasury bills , considered the UNK of all investments , plummeted about 0.7 percentage point to UNK % , the largest one-day decline since 1982 . </s>
<s> The main catalyst for government bond market rally was the UNK drop in the Dow Jones Industrial Average . </s>
<s> `` When you get panic in one market , you get flight to quality in the other , '' said Maria UNK , money market economist at Drexel Burnham Lambert Inc . </s>
<s> Nevertheless , the problems of the junk market could prompt the Federal Reserve to ease credit in the months ahead . </s>
<s> `` This marks a significant shift in the interest rate outlook , '' says William Sullivan , director of money market research at Dean Witter Reynolds Inc. , New York . </s>
<s> Any sustained UNK could be a lift for junk bonds as well as other securities . </s>
<s> Robert Dow , a partner and portfolio manager at Lord , UNK & Co. , which manages $ 4 billion of high-yield bonds , says he does n't `` think there is any fundamental economic UNK { for the junk bond UNK } . </s>
<s> It was UNK UNK . '' </s>
<s> He adds : `` The junk market has UNK some trouble and now some people think that if the equity market gets UNK that means the economy will be terrible and that 's bad for junk . </s>
<s> I do n't believe that 's the case , but I believe that people are running scared . </s>
<s> There is a flight to quality , and the quality is not in equities and not in junk -- it 's in Treasurys . '' </s>
<s> Even as trading in high-yield issues UNK up over the past month , corporations sold more than $ 2 billion of new junk bonds . </s>
<s> For example , a recent $ UNK million offering of UNK Gas Services UNK bonds sold by First Boston was three times oversubscribed . </s>
<s> A $ 550 million offering of Turner Broadcasting System Inc . high-yield securities sold last week by Drexel was increased $ 50 million because of strong demand . </s>
<s> First Boston estimates that in November and December alone , junk bond investors will receive $ 4.8 billion of coupon interest payments . </s>
<s> `` That 's a clear indication that there is and will be an UNK of basic business going on , '' says Mr. UNK of First Boston . </s>
<s> `` I do n't know how people can say the junk bond market UNK when there were $ 1.5 billion of orders for $ 550 million of junk bonds sold last week by Turner , '' says Raymond UNK , UNK of merchant banking at Merrill Lynch & Co . </s>
<s> `` When the rally comes , insurance companies will be leading it because they have billions to invest and invest they will . </s>
<s> There is plenty of money available from people who want to buy UNK deals ; it 's the stuff that 's financed on a UNK that people are wary of . '' </s>
<s> But such highly leveraged transactions seemed to have UNK this year , casting a UNK over much of the junk market . </s>
<s> Michael UNK , director of fixed-income research at Kemper Financial Services , says the quality of junk issues has been getting UNK , contributing to the slide in prices . </s>
<s> `` Last year we probably bought one out of every three new deals , '' he says . </s>
<s> `` This year , at best , it 's in one in every five or six . </s>
<s> And our credit standards have n't changed one UNK . '' </s>
<s> However , Mr. UNK said the slide in junk is creating `` one UNK of a buying opportunity '' for UNK buyers . </s>
<s> For the moment , investors seem more UNK with the `` bad '' junk than the `` good '' junk . </s>
<s> `` The market has been weak since '' the announcement of the Campeau cash squeeze and the company 's subsequent bailout by Olympia & York , says Mr. UNK of Merrill Lynch . </s>
<s> `` That really affected the market in that people started to ask ` What else is in trouble ? ' '' </s>
<s> Well before Campeau , though , there were signs that the junk market was UNK through one of its worst years ever . </s>
<s> Despite the relatively strong economy , junk bond prices did nothing except go down , UNK by a seemingly UNK trail of bad news : </s>
<s> -- In June , two months before it would default on interest payments covering some of its $ 1.2 billion of speculative debt securities , New York-based Integrated Resources Inc. said it ran out of borrowed money . </s>
<s> -- In July , UNK Corp. , the UNK real estate and financial services company with about $ 1.3 billion of junk bonds , voluntarily filed for protection under U.S. bankruptcy law . </s>
<s> -- By the end of July , the difference in yield between an index of junk bonds and seven-year Treasury notes widened to more than 5.5 percentage points . </s>
<s> -- In August , UNK International Inc. , which sold more than $ 500 million of junk bonds , suspended interest payments . </s>
<s> -- In September , just as the cash squeeze hit Campeau , UNK Financial Corp. UNK on $ 145 million of notes and appeared unlikely to pay interest on a total of $ 1.2 billion of debt securities . </s>
<s> UNK , regulators are becoming increasingly worried as the rush to leverage shows no signs of UNK . </s>
<s> Moody 's says the UNK of corporate credit UNK is the highest this year since 1982 . </s>
<s> In addition , there are six times as many troubled banks as there were in the recession of 1981 , according to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp . </s>
<s> `` The era of the 1980s is about compound interest and the reaching for it , '' says James Grant , editor of Grant 's Interest UNK UNK , an early critic of the junk bond market . </s>
<s> `` What we 've begun to see is the damage to businesses of paying UNK compound interest . </s>
<s> UNK were borrowing at interest rates higher than their own earnings . </s>
<s> What we 're seeing now is the UNK UNK of asset values to a future when UNK debt will be hard to obtain rather than easy . '' </s>
<s> Friday 's Market Activity </s>
<s> Prices of Treasury bonds surged in the biggest rally of the year as investors fled a UNK stock market . </s>
<s> The benchmark 30-year Treasury bond was quoted 6 p.m. EDT at 103 UNK , compared with 100 UNK Thursday , up 2 1\/2 points . </s>
<s> The yield on the benchmark fell to UNK % , the lowest since March 31 , 1987 , according to UNK Data Global Markets Group . </s>
<s> The `` flight to quality '' began late in the day and followed a UNK fall in the stock market . </s>
<s> Treasurys opened lower , reacting UNK to news that the producer price index -- a measure of inflation on the wholesale level -- accelerated in September . </s>
<s> Bond prices barely UNK until midday . </s>
<s> Many bond market participants will be closely UNK the action of the Federal Reserve , which might repeat its October 1987 injection of huge amounts of liquidity to UNK the financial markets and keep the economy from slowing into a recession . </s>
<s> Prices of municipals , investment-grade UNK and mortgage-backed bonds also rose , but lagged behind their Treasury counterparts . </s>
<s> Mortgage securities rose in UNK trading , with most of the activity concentrated in Government National Mortgage Association 9 % coupon securities , the most liquid mortgage issue . </s>
<s> The Ginnie Mae November 9 % issue ended at 98 UNK , up 7\/8 point on the day , to yield about UNK % to a 12-year average life assumption . </s>
<s> UNK corporate bonds were up about 1\/2 to 3\/4 point . </s>
<s> But the yield spread between UNK , investment-grade issues and UNK bonds widened . </s>
<s> And the yields on telephone and utility issues rose relative to other investment-grade bonds in anticipation of this week 's $ 3 billion bond offering by the Tennessee Valley Authority . </s>
<s> Despite rumors that the TVA 's long-awaited offering would be postponed because of the debacle in the equity markets , sources in the underwriting syndicate said they expect the issue will be priced as scheduled . </s>
<s> One of the sources said the smaller portions of $ 750 million each of five-year and 10-year bonds have already been `` substantially oversubscribed . '' </s>
<s> Municipal bonds rose as much as 3\/4 point . </s>
<s> Roger UNK contributed to this article . </s>
<s> Friday 's 190-point plunge in stocks does not come UNK the climate of anxiety that dominated financial markets just prior to their 1987 October crash , and UNK have been put in place to keep markets more UNK . </s>
<s> Still , the lesson is about the same : On Friday the 13th , the market was UNK by Washington . </s>
<s> The consensus along the street seems to be that the plunge was triggered by the financing problems of the UAL takeover , and it 's certainly true the UNK began immediately after the UAL trading halt . </s>
<s> Still , the consensus seems almost as wide that one UNK bid is no reason to write down the value of all U.S. business . </s>
<s> This UNK leads us to another piece of news moving on the Dow Jones UNK shortly before the downturn : the success of Senate Democrats in UNK the capital gains tax cut . </s>
<s> The real value of all shares , after all , is directly UNK by the tax on any profits ( all the more so given the limits on deductions for losses that show gains are not `` ordinary income '' ) . </s>
<s> And market expectations clearly have been raised by the capital gains victory in the House last month . </s>
<s> An hour before Friday 's plunge , that provision was stripped from the tax bill , leaving it with $ 5.4 billion in tax increases without a capital gains cut . </s>
<s> There is a great deal to be said , to be sure , for UNK the UNK out of the reconciliation bill . </s>
<s> It would be a good thing if Congress started to decide issues UNK on their individual merits without UNK . </s>
<s> For one thing , no one doubts that the capital gains cut would pass on an UNK vote . </s>
<s> Since Senate leaders have so far UNK it up with procedural UNK , promises of a cleaner bill are suspect . </s>
<s> UNK so since President Bush has been weakened by the Panama UNK . </s>
<s> To the extent that the UAL troubles contributed to the plunge , they are another instance of Washington 's UNK UNK . </s>
<s> As the best opportunities for corporate UNK are UNK of course , at some point the market will start to reject them . </s>
<s> But the airlines are UNK a clear case , given anti-takeover UNK by Secretary of Transportation Skinner , who UNK to believe safety will be UNK if UNK and British Airways own interests in companies that fly UNK . </s>
<s> Worse , Congress has started to jump on the Skinner UNK . </s>
<s> James UNK , the Minnesota Democrat who chairs the Public Works and Transportation Committee 's aviation subcommittee , has put an UNK takeover bill on UNK speed so that it would be passed in time to affect the American and United Air Lines bids . </s>
<s> It would give Mr. Skinner up to 50 days to `` review '' any bid for 15 % or more of the voting stock of any U.S. carrier with revenues of $ 1 billion or more . </s>
<s> So the UAL deal has problems , and the market loses 190 points . </s>
<s> UNK , Mr. Secretary and Mr. UNK . </s>
<s> In the 1987 crash , remember , the market was shaken by a UNK UNK proposal to tax takeovers out of UNK . </s>
<s> Even more important , in our view , was the Treasury 's threat to UNK the dollar . </s>
<s> The Treasury is doing the same thing today ; UNK , the dollar is not under UNK pressure . </s>
<s> Also , traders are in better shape today than in 1987 to survive selling UNK . </s>
<s> They are better capitalized . </s>
<s> They are in less danger of losing liquidity simply because of tape UNK and clearing and settlement delays . </s>
<s> The Fed promises any needed liquidity . </s>
<s> The Big Board 's UNK with the Chicago Board of Trade has improved ; it will be interesting to learn if `` circuit breakers '' prove to be a good idea . </s>
<s> In any event , some traders see stocks as UNK today , unlike 1987 . </s>
<s> There is nothing wrong with the market that ca n't be UNK by a little UNK and common sense in Washington . </s>
<s> But on the bearish side , that may be too much to expect . </s>
<s> First Chicago Corp. posted a third-quarter loss of $ UNK million after joining other big banks in further adding to its reserves for losses on foreign loans . </s>
<s> The parent company of First National Bank of Chicago , with $ 48 billion in assets , said it set aside $ 200 million to absorb losses on loans and investments in financially troubled countries . </s>
<s> The addition , on top of two big 1987 UNK to UNK reserves , brings the reserve to a level equaling 79 % of UNK and long-term loans outstanding to troubled nations . </s>
<s> First Chicago since 1987 has reduced its loans to such nations to $ 1.7 billion from $ 3 billion . </s>
<s> Despite this loss , First Chicago said it does n't need to sell stock to raise capital . </s>
<s> During the quarter , the company realized a pretax gain of $ UNK million from the sale of its First Chicago Investment UNK unit . </s>
<s> UNK foreign exchange and bond trading profits dipped 24 % against last year 's third quarter , to $ UNK million from $ UNK million . </s>
<s> UNK from First Chicago 's venture capital unit , a big leveraged buy-out investor , rose 32 % to $ 34 million from $ UNK million a year ago . </s>
<s> Interest income and most fee income was strong . </s>
<s> The economy 's UNK will be taken from several UNK points this week , with UNK on trade , output , housing and inflation . </s>
<s> The most troublesome report may be the August merchandise trade deficit due out tomorrow . </s>
<s> The trade gap is expected to widen to about $ 9 billion from July 's $ 7.6 billion , according to a survey by UNK International , a unit of McGraw-Hill Inc. , New York . </s>
<s> Thursday 's report on the September consumer price index is expected to rise , although not as sharply as the 0.9 % gain reported Friday in the producer price index . </s>
<s> That gain was being cited as a reason the stock market was down early in Friday 's session , before it got started on its reckless 190-point plunge . </s>
<s> Economists are divided as to how much manufacturing strength they expect to see in September reports on industrial production and capacity utilization , also due tomorrow . </s>
<s> Meanwhile , September housing starts , due Wednesday , are thought to have inched upward . </s>
<s> `` There 's a possibility of a surprise '' in the trade report , said Michael UNK , director of research at UNK . </s>
<s> A widening of the deficit , if it were combined with a UNK strong dollar , would UNK trade problems -- but the dollar weakened Friday as stocks plummeted . </s>
<s> In any event , Mr. UNK and many others say that the easy gains in narrowing the trade gap have already been made . </s>
<s> `` Trade is definitely going to be more politically sensitive over the next six or seven months as improvement begins to slow , '' he said . </s>
<s> Exports are thought to have risen strongly in August , but probably not enough to offset the jump in imports , economists said . </s>
<s> UNK on manufacturing strength are split between economists who read September 's low level of factory job growth as a sign of a slowdown and those who use the somewhat more UNK total employment figures in their calculations . </s>
<s> The wide range of estimates for the industrial output number UNK the differences : The forecasts run from a drop of 0.5 % to an increase of 0.4 % , according to UNK . </s>
<s> A rebound in energy prices , which helped push up the producer price index , is expected to do the same in the consumer price report . </s>
<s> The consensus view expects a 0.4 % increase in the September UNK after a flat reading in August . </s>
<s> Robert H. UNK , an economist for Lloyd 's Bank in New York , is among those expecting a more moderate gain in the UNK than in prices at the producer level . </s>
<s> `` Auto prices had a big effect in the UNK , and at the UNK level they wo n't , '' he said . </s>
<s> Food prices are expected to be unchanged , but energy costs jumped as much as 4 % , said Gary UNK , economist at Fleet / UNK Financial Group . </s>
<s> He also says he thinks `` core inflation , '' which UNK the volatile food and energy prices , was strong last month . </s>
<s> He expects a gain of as much as 0.5 % in core inflation after a summer of far smaller increases . </s>
<s> Housing starts are expected to UNK a bit from August 's annual pace of UNK units . </s>
<s> Economists say an August rebound in permits for UNK units signaled an increase in September starts , though activity remains fairly modest by historical standards . </s>
<s> It was n't so long ago that a radio network funded by the U.S. Congress -- and originally by the Central Intelligence Agency -- was accused by officials here of UNK UNK , UNK and UNK . </s>
<s> Now , the network has opened a news bureau in the UNK capital . </s>
<s> Employees held an open house to UNK and even UNK out a sign : `` UNK UNK Radio '' -- Radio Free Europe . </s>
<s> `` I think this is a victory for the radio , '' says UNK de UNK , a UNK former UNK UNK who works in the UNK , West Germany , headquarters as deputy director of the UNK service . </s>
<s> In fact , the network hopes to set up offices in Warsaw and anywhere else in the East Bloc that will have it . </s>
<s> But the rapid changes brought on by glasnost and open UNK are UNK the network 's life in more ways than one . </s>
<s> In fact , Radio Free Europe is in danger of suffering from its success . </s>
<s> While the network currently can operate freely in UNK , so can others . </s>
<s> In addition , competition for UNK is getting tougher in many ways than when broadcasting here was UNK controlled . </s>
<s> Instead of being UNK as an evil agent of UNK , Radio Free Europe is more likely to draw the criticism that its programs are too UNK , even boring . </s>
<s> `` They have a lot to do these days to compete with UNK radio , '' says Andrew UNK , a UNK student at the UNK University in UNK . </s>
<s> `` The UNK { radio } reporters seem better informed and more critical about about what 's going on here . '' </s>
<s> Indeed , Hungary is in the midst of a media explosion . </s>
<s> Boys on busy street UNK UNK newspapers of every political UNK . </s>
<s> UNK are packed with a UNK array of magazines . </s>
<s> Radio and television are getting UNK and UNK . </s>
<s> The British Broadcasting Corp. and the U.S. State Department 's Voice of America broadcast over UNK UNK , though only a few hours a day each in UNK . </s>
<s> Australian press UNK UNK Murdoch has bought 50 % stakes in two popular and UNK UNK newspapers , while Britain 's Robert Maxwell has let it be known here that he is thinking about similar moves . </s>
<s> But Radio Free Europe does n't plan to UNK away . </s>
<s> With its mission for free speech and the capitalist way , the network 's staff says it still has plenty to do -- in Hungary and in the `` Great Eastern Beyond . '' </s>
<s> Radio Free Europe and its sister station for the Soviet Union , Radio UNK , say they wo n't cut back their more than 19 hours of daily UNK . </s>
<s> They are still an important source of news for 60 million UNK in 23 exotic UNK : from UNK and UNK to UNK and UNK . </s>
<s> The establishment of its first bureau in Warsaw UNK territory shows the UNK of some of the changes in Eastern Europe . </s>
<s> UNK before the decision by the UNK Communist Party to UNK itself Socialist and try to look more appealing to voters , the country 's UNK were trying to look more UNK . </s>
<s> It proved a perfect time for Radio Free Europe to ask for permission to set up office . </s>
<s> Not only did the UNK Ministry of Foreign Affairs approve Radio Free Europe 's new location , but the Ministry of Telecommunications did something even more amazing : `` They found us four phone lines in central UNK , '' says UNK UNK , a Radio Free Europe UNK who helped UNK the UNK location . </s>
<s> `` That is a UNK . '' </s>
<s> It 's a far UNK from the previous treatment of the network , which had to overcome UNK of its UNK and UNK of local UNK ( who filed reports to the network by phone , secret UNK or letters ) . </s>
<s> In fact , some of the network 's UNK UNK say they owe Radio Free Europe loyalty because it was responsible in many ways for keeping hope alive through what one writer here calls the `` UNK UNK of the 20th UNK . '' </s>
<s> `` During the past four years , many of us have sat up until late at night listening to our UNK , '' says the writer . </s>
<s> `` There were some very UNK UNK . '' </s>
<s> The UNK , too , had to be UNK . </s>
<s> Through much of the UNK War II period , listening to Western UNK was a crime in Hungary . </s>
<s> `` When we listen to the Europe station , my mother still gets nervous , '' says a UNK UNK . </s>
<s> `` She wants to turn down the volume and close the UNK . '' </s>
<s> Now , the UNK competition for Radio Free Europe comes during the UNK UNK . </s>
<s> UNK radio often UNK its most politically UNK UNK for around midnight . </s>
<s> Television , which most of the time is considered rather UNK , has entered the running with a new program , `` The End of the Day , '' which comes on after 11 p.m . </s>
<s> It is a talk show with opposition leaders and political experts who discuss Hungary 's domestic problems as well as foreign affairs . </s>
<s> Those who want to hear even more radical views have to get up at five on Sunday morning for `` Sunday Journal , '' on UNK Radio . </s>
<s> The competitive spirit is clearly UNK Radio Free Europe , which is trying to beef up programs . </s>
<s> The UNK office plans to hire free-lance reporters to cover the latest UNK in UNK country towns from UNK in the UNK to UNK in the east . </s>
<s> The UNK service has a daily UNK news show called UNK , with international and domestic news , plus a daily news review of opinions from around the world . </s>
<s> There 's also a host of new programs , trying to UNK up on the traditional UNK of politics . </s>
<s> A daily UNK program called `` The March of Time '' tries to find interesting UNK of UNK news and UNK from around the world . </s>
<s> There 's a program for women and a science show . </s>
<s> And to attract younger UNK , Radio Free Europe UNK the latest in Western rock groups . </s>
<s> The UNK Shop Boys are big this year in UNK . </s>
<s> `` We are UNK for all the news , '' says Mr. UNK , the student . </s>
<s> `` Every moment we want to know everything about the world . </s>
<s> A federal appeals court in San Francisco ruled that shareholders ca n't hold corporate officials liable for false sales projections on new products if the news media UNK UNK substantial information about the product 's UNK . </s>
<s> The ruling stems from a 1984 suit filed by shareholders of Apple Computer Inc. , claiming that company officials UNK investors about the expected success of the UNK computer , introduced in 1983 . </s>
<s> Lawyers specializing in shareholder suits said they are concerned that use of the `` press defense '' by corporations may become popular as a result of the ruling . </s>
<s> According to the suit , Apple officials created public excitement by touting UNK as an office computer that would UNK the workplace and be extremely successful in its first year . </s>
<s> The plaintiffs also alleged that prior to the UNK , the company circulated internal UNK indicating problems with UNK . </s>
<s> The suit claimed Apple 's stock climbed to a high of $ UNK a share on the basis of the company 's optimistic forecasts . </s>
<s> But when the company UNK UNK 's poor sales late in 1983 , the stock plummeted to a low of $ UNK a share , according to the suit . </s>
<s> The shareholders claimed more than $ 150 million in losses . </s>
<s> In 1987 , the San Francisco district court dismissed the case largely because newspaper reports had sufficiently UNK the company 's statements by UNK consumers to UNK 's problems . </s>
<s> Late last month , the appeals court agreed that most of the case should be dismissed . </s>
<s> However , it gave the shareholders the right to pursue a small portion of their claim that UNK to UNK 's disk drive , known as UNK . </s>
<s> The court ruled that the news media did n't reveal UNK 's problems at the time . </s>
<s> Lawyers are worried about the ruling 's UNK in other shareholder suits but pointed out that the court stressed that the ruling should be regarded as very specific to the Apple case . </s>
<s> `` The court was careful to say that the adverse information appeared in the very same articles and received the same attention as the company 's statements , '' said Patrick UNK , a Los Angeles lawyer at the firm of UNK & UNK , which was n't involved in the case . </s>
<s> `` The court is saying that the adverse facts have to be transferred to the market with equal intensity and credibility as the statements of corporate insiders . '' </s>
<s> Shareholders ' attorneys at the New York firm of UNK , Weiss , UNK , UNK & UNK last week UNK for a UNK of the case . </s>
<s> They wrote : `` The opinion UNK a new rule of UNK -- that if a wide variety of opinions on a company 's business are publicly reported , the company can say anything without fear of securities liability . '' </s>
<s> NFL UNK to pay $ 5.5 million in legal fees to UNK </s>
<s> The National Football League is considering appealing the ruling stemming from the U.S. Football League 's largely unsuccessful antitrust suit against the NFL . </s>
<s> A jury in 1986 agreed with the UNK 's claims that the NFL UNK major league football . </s>
<s> But the jury awarded the UNK only $ 1 in damages , UNK because of the antitrust claims . </s>
<s> Last week , the U.S. Court of Appeals in New York upheld a $ 5.5 million award of attorneys fees to the UNK league . </s>
<s> UNK D. UNK , of UNK & UNK , then of UNK , UNK , UNK , UNK , UNK , UNK , UNK & UNK , was the lead trial lawyer , and his new firm pursued the application appeal . </s>
<s> Douglas R. UNK of UNK & UNK says about $ 5.3 million of the award goes directly to the UNK to UNK it for fees already paid . </s>
<s> UNK & UNK will get about $ UNK for the costs of pressing the application . </s>
<s> The federal appeals court held that the nominal damages and the failure to prove all claims did n't exclude the UNK from being UNK . </s>
<s> UNK laws provide that injured parties may be UNK for lawyers ' fees . </s>
<s> But UNK UNK , an attorney for the NFL , says his client will consider asking for another hearing or appealing to the U.S. Supreme Court . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK , of UNK , UNK , UNK , UNK & UNK in New York , says the ruling is wrong and the fee award is excessive because the UNK lost its major claims , including its UNK that the NFL UNK trade through television contracts . </s>
<s> `` The UNK was not the UNK party , '' Mr. UNK insists . </s>
<s> UNK UNK : </s>
<s> UNK & UNK of Houston and UNK , Robertson , UNK & UNK of Calgary , Alberta , are UNK to help serve their UNK clients . </s>
<s> The UNK is believed to be the first such cross-border arrangement among major law firms . </s>
<s> The firms are n't required to refer work exclusively to each other and remain separate organizations . </s>
<s> But they will work together on energy - , environmental - and UNK issues and conduct UNK on topics of mutual interest , said UNK UNK Jr. of UNK UNK & UNK . </s>
<s> In addition , UNK & UNK 's Washington , D.C. , office will play a key role as the firms work together on regulatory issues , particularly natural-gas exports , for their clients . </s>
<s> The arrangement , reached after about eight months of negotiations , grew out of UNK UNK Robertson 's desire to develop ties with a U.S. firm in light of UNK trade barriers between the U.S. and Canada , said Francis M. UNK of UNK Robertson . </s>
<s> UNK UNK UNK UNK a turnaround for asbestos manufacturers , UNK Grace & Co. won a 3 1 / UNK trial in Pittsburgh over whether it should be required to remove asbestos UNK from a local high school . </s>
<s> UNK Lebanon High School , near Pittsburgh , sought $ 21 million in UNK damages from Grace , arguing that the asbestos , which can cause UNK diseases and lung cancer , UNK a risk to students . </s>
<s> Grace successfully contended that removing the fire UNK would pose a greater health risk than leaving it alone . </s>
<s> A spokesman for the company said the verdict is thought to be the first in favor of an asbestos manufacturer where the UNK was a school and the asbestos in question was used for UNK . </s>
<s> FCC UNK UNK UNK : </s>
<s> UNK S. UNK will join UNK Morrison & UNK as a partner in its Washington , D.C. , office in UNK . </s>
<s> She will help develop the UNK practice of the San UNK firm 's communications group . </s>
<s> Ms. UNK , 35 years old , resigned as Federal Communications Commission general counsel early this month after nearly three years in that post . </s>
<s> She was the first woman to be appointed FCC general counsel . </s>
<s> UNK P. UNK , formerly Eastern Airlines ' top lawyer , joined the New York law firm of Lord Day & Lord , UNK Smith as a partner . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK , 45 , spent 17 years at the Miami airline unit of UNK Texas Air Corp. and was named general counsel in 1984 . </s>
<s> He left the company in 1987 . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK said he will split his time between the UNK firm 's offices in Washington , D.C. , and New York , with UNK in aviation and labor law . </s>
<s> Common UNK asked both the Senate UNK Committee and the Justice Department to investigate $ 1 million in political gifts by Arizona businessman Charles Keating to five U.S. senators who UNK with UNK regulators for him . </s>
<s> Mr. Keating is currently the subject of a $ 1.1 billion federal UNK lawsuit UNK him of UNK off assets of a California thrift he controlled , Lincoln Savings & Loan Association , and driving it into UNK . </s>
<s> Fred UNK -- president of Common UNK , the UNK citizens lobby -- said Mr. Keating already has conceded attempting to buy influence with the lawmakers -- Democratic UNK Dennis UNK of Arizona , Alan Cranston of California , John Glenn of Ohio and Donald UNK of Michigan ; and GOP Sen. John UNK of Arizona . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK based this on a statement by Mr. Keating that was quoted in a Wall Street Journal story in April : `` One question ... had to do with whether my financial support in any way influenced several political figures to take up my cause . </s>
<s> I want to say in the most UNK way I can : I certainly hope so . '' </s>
<s> In a highly unusual meeting in Sen. UNK 's office in April 1987 , the five senators asked federal regulators to ease up on Lincoln . </s>
<s> According to notes taken by one of the participants at the meeting , the regulators said Lincoln was gambling UNK with UNK ' federally insured money and was `` a UNK time bomb . '' </s>
<s> Mr. Keating had complained that the regulators were being too UNK . </s>
<s> The notes show that Sen. UNK called the Federal Home Loan Bank Board 's regulations `` UNK unfair , '' and that Sen. Glenn insisted that Mr. Keating 's thrift was `` viable and profitable . '' </s>
<s> For the next two years , the Bank Board , which at the time was the agency responsible for UNK thrifts , failed to act -- even after federal UNK warned in May 1987 that Mr. Keating had caused Lincoln to become insolvent . </s>
<s> Lincoln 's parent company , American Continental Corp. , entered bankruptcy-law proceedings this April 13 , and regulators seized the thrift the next day . </s>
<s> The newly formed Resolution Trust Corp. , successor to the Bank Board , filed suit against Mr. Keating and several others on Sept. 15 . </s>
<s> Mr. Keating has filed his own suit , alleging that his property was taken illegally . </s>
<s> The cost to taxpayers of Lincoln 's collapse has been estimated at as much as $ 2.5 billion . </s>
<s> Details of the affair have become public gradually over the past two years , mostly as a result of reporting by several newspapers . </s>
<s> In the midst of his 1988 re-election campaign , Sen. UNK , chairman of the Senate Banking Committee , returned $ UNK in contributions after a Detroit newspaper said that Mr. Keating had gathered the money for him about two weeks before the meeting with regulators . </s>
<s> Sen. UNK , after months of UNK off intense press criticism , returned $ UNK only last month , shortly after the government formally accused Mr. Keating of UNK Lincoln . </s>
<s> In addition , Sen. UNK last week disclosed that he UNK had paid $ UNK to American Continental as UNK for trips he and his family took aboard the corporate jet to Mr. Keating 's vacation home at UNK UNK , the UNK , from 1984 through 1986 . </s>
<s> Sen. UNK said he had meant to pay for the trips at the time but that the matter `` fell between the cracks . '' </s>
<s> Mr. Keating , his family members and associates also donated $ UNK to Sen. UNK 's congressional campaigns over the years , according to press accounts . </s>
<s> But Sen. UNK says Mr. Keating broke off their friendship abruptly in 1987 , because the senator refused to press the thrift executive 's case as vigorously as Mr. Keating wanted . </s>
<s> `` He became very angry at that , left my office and told a number of people that I was a UNK , '' Sen. UNK recalls . </s>
<s> In July , California newspapers disclosed that Mr. Keating gave $ UNK in corporate funds to three tax-exempt UNK registration organizations in 1987 and 1988 at the UNK of Sen. Cranston , who conceded that soliciting the money was `` a pretty stupid thing to do politically . '' </s>
<s> In addition , Sen. Cranston received $ UNK in campaign donations through Mr. Keating , and the California Democratic party received $ UNK in corporate donations for a 1986 UNK drive that benefited the senator 's re-election campaign that year . </s>
<s> Also in July , Ohio newspapers disclosed $ 200,000 in corporate donations by Mr. Keating to the National Council on Public Policy , a political committee controlled by Sen. Glenn . </s>
<s> That was in addition to $ UNK in direct campaign donations arranged by Mr. Keating to the Ohio senator . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK said the Senate UNK Committee should hire a special outside counsel to conduct an investigation , as was done in the case of former House Speaker James Wright . </s>
<s> Wilson UNK , staff director of the ethics panel , would n't comment . </s>
<s> Sen. UNK said he would cooperate with any inquiry , but that his conduct had been `` entirely proper . '' </s>
<s> Sen. UNK said he had been `` deeply concerned '' at the time of the meeting that it might seem to be improper , but decided it was `` entirely appropriate '' for him to seek fair treatment for a UNK . </s>
<s> Sen. Glenn said he had already made a complete disclosure of his role in the affair and `` I am completely satisfied to let this matter rest in the hands of the Senate UNK Committee . '' </s>
<s> Sen. UNK said , `` When all is said and done , I expect to be fully UNK . '' </s>
<s> Sen. Cranston , who had already UNK his help to the Federal Bureau of Investigation in any investigation of Mr. Keating , portrayed his role in 1987 as UNK regulators to act . </s>
<s> `` Why did n't the Bank Board act sooner ? '' he said . </s>
<s> `` That is what Common UNK should ask be UNK . </s>
<s> UNK Financial Corp. said it expects to report a loss of at least $ 125 million to $ 150 million for the third quarter . </s>
<s> In the year-earlier period , UNK had net income of $ UNK , but no per-share earnings . </s>
<s> UNK 's president and chief executive officer , John UNK , said the loss stems from several factors . </s>
<s> He said nonperforming assets rose to slightly more than $ 700 million from $ UNK million between June and September . </s>
<s> UNK 85 % of the total UNK of nonperforming commercial real estate assets . </s>
<s> UNK , UNK estimated that it will provide between $ 85 million and $ 110 million for credit losses in the third quarter . </s>
<s> UNK added that significant additional loan-loss provisions may be required by federal regulators as part of the current annual examination of City Federal Savings Bank , UNK 's primary subsidiary , based in UNK , N.J . </s>
<s> City Federal operates 105 banking offices in New Jersey and Florida . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK said UNK will also mark its portfolio of high-yield corporate bonds to market as a result of federal legislation requiring that savings institutions UNK themselves of such bonds . </s>
<s> That action , UNK said , will result in a charge against third-quarter results of approximately $ 30 million . </s>
<s> UNK also said it expects to shed its remaining mortgage loan UNK operations outside its principal markets in New Jersey and Florida and , as a result , is taking a charge for discontinued operations . </s>
<s> All these actions , Mr. UNK said , will result in a loss of $ 125 million to $ 150 million for the third quarter . </s>
<s> He added , however : `` Depending on the resolution of certain accounting issues relating to mortgages UNK and the outcome of the annual examination of City Federal currently in progress with respect to the appropriate level of loan loss reserves , the total loss for the quarter could significantly exceed this range . </s>
<s> UNK UNK Line Co. said it will delay a proposed UNK , UNK million UNK ( US$ UNK million ) expansion of its system because Canada 's output of crude oil is shrinking . </s>
<s> UNK , Canada 's biggest oil pipeline operator and a major UNK of crude to the U.S. , said revised industry forecasts indicate that Canadian oil output will total about UNK million barrels a day by 1991 , 8 % lower than a previous estimate . </s>
<s> Canadian crude production averaged about UNK million barrels a day during 1989 's first half , about 1 % below the 1988 level . </s>
<s> `` The capability of existing fields to deliver oil is dropping , '' and oil exploration activity is also down dramatically , as many producers shift their emphasis to natural gas , said Ronald UNK , vice president for government and industry relations with UNK 's parent , UNK Energy Inc . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK said volume on UNK 's system is down about 2 % since January and is expected to fall further , making expansion unnecessary until perhaps the UNK . </s>
<s> `` There has been a swing of the UNK back to the gas side , '' he said . </s>
<s> Many of Canada 's oil and gas producers say the outlook for natural gas is better than it is for oil , and have UNK their exploration and development budgets UNK . </s>
<s> The number of active drilling UNK in Canada is down 30 % from a year ago , and the number of completed oil wells is `` down more than that , due to the increasing focus on gas exploration , '' said Robert UNK , manager of crude oil with Calgary 's Independent Petroleum Association of Canada , an industry group . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK said the main reason for the production decline is shrinking output of light crude from mature , conventional fields in western Canada . </s>
<s> UNK UNK about 75 % of all crude produced in western Canada , and almost 60 % of UNK 's total volume consists of light crude . </s>
<s> Nearly all of the crude oil that Canada exports to the U.S. is UNK on UNK 's system , whose main line runs from UNK to major U.S. and Canadian cities in the Great UNK region , including Chicago , UNK , Toronto and Montreal . </s>
<s> Canada 's current oil exports to the U.S. total about 600,000 barrels a day , or about UNK % of net U.S. crude imports , said John UNK , president of the New York-based Petroleum Industry Research Foundation . </s>
<s> That ranks Canada as the UNK source of imported crude , behind Saudi Arabia , UNK and Mexico . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK said Canada 's declining crude output , combined with the UNK output of U.S. crude , will help intensify U.S. reliance on oil from overseas , particularly the Middle East . </s>
<s> `` It 's very much a growing concern . </s>
<s> But when something is inevitable , you learn to live with it , '' he said . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK stressed that the delay of UNK 's proposed expansion wo n't by itself increase U.S. UNK on offshore crude , however , since Canadian imports are limited in any case by Canada 's falling output . </s>
<s> Under terms of its proposed UNK expansion , which would have required regulatory approval , UNK intended to add 200,000 barrels a day of additional capacity to its system , beginning with a modest expansion by 1991 . </s>
<s> The system currently has a capacity of 1.55 million barrels a day . </s>
<s> UNK a crowd of UNK stocks , UNK Technology Inc. 's stock fell particularly hard Friday , dropping 23 % because its problems were UNK by disclosure of an unexpected loss for its fiscal first quarter . </s>
<s> The UNK software company said it expects a $ 2 million net loss for the fiscal first quarter ended Sept. 30 . </s>
<s> It said analysts had been expecting a small profit for the period . </s>
<s> Revenue is expected to be `` up modestly '' from the $ UNK million reported a year ago . </s>
<s> UNK Technology reported net income of $ 1.5 million , or 12 cents a share , in the year-earlier period . </s>
<s> `` While our international operations showed strong growth , our domestic business was substantially below expectations , '' said Paul UNK , president and chief executive officer . </s>
<s> A spokesman said the company 's first quarter is historically soft , and computer companies in general are experiencing slower sales . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK said he accepted the resignation of Thomas Wilson , vice president of corporate sales , and that his marketing responsibilities have been UNK . </s>
<s> The company said Mr. Wilson 's resignation was n't related to the sales UNK . </s>
<s> UNK Technology went public in May 1988 at $ 14 a share . </s>
<s> It fell $ 1.875 a share Friday , to $ 6.25 , a new low , in over-the-counter trading . </s>
<s> Its high for the past year was $ UNK a share . </s>
<s> In the previous quarter , the company earned $ 4.5 million , or 37 cents a share , on sales of $ UNK million . </s>
<s> Just when it seemed safe to go back into stocks , Wall Street suffered another severe attack of nerves . </s>
<s> Does this signal another Black Monday is coming ? </s>
<s> Or is this an extraordinary buying opportunity , just like Oct. 19 , 1987 , eventually turned out to be ? </s>
<s> Here 's what several leading market experts and money managers say about Friday 's action , what happens next and what investors should do . </s>
<s> Joseph UNK . </s>
<s> `` I 'm the only one who said there would be an October massacre , all through late August and September , '' says Mr. UNK , once a widely followed market UNK and still a well-known newsletter writer . </s>
<s> `` Everyone will tell you that this time is different from 1987 , '' he says . </s>
<s> `` Well , in some ways it is different , but technically it is just the same . </s>
<s> If you 're a UNK , you UNK the signals . </s>
<s> Right now they 're telling me to get the UNK out and stay out . </s>
<s> I see no major support until UNK . </s>
<s> I see a possibility of going to UNK this month . '' </s>
<s> Mr. UNK says he would n't even think of buying until at least 600 to 700 stocks have hit 52-week lows ; about 100 stocks hit new lows Friday . </s>
<s> `` Most people , '' he says , `` have no idea what a massacre pattern looks like . '' </s>
<s> UNK UNK . </s>
<s> A UNK analyst with Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc. , Ms. UNK had warned clients to take their money out of the market before the 1987 crash . </s>
<s> Friday 's big drop , she says , `` was not a crash . </s>
<s> This was an October massacre '' like those that occurred in 1978 and 1979 . </s>
<s> Now , as in those two years , her stock market indicators are positive . </s>
<s> So she thinks the damage will be UNK and contained . </s>
<s> `` Those UNK lasted one to four weeks and took the market UNK % down , '' she says . </s>
<s> `` This is exactly the same thing , as far as I 'm concerned . '' </s>
<s> Thus , she says , if the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped below UNK , `` It would just be a UNK . </s>
<s> My advice is to buy . '' </s>
<s> As she UNK it , the average stock now sells for about 12.5 times companies ' earnings . </s>
<s> She says that ratio could climb to UNK , given current interest rates , and still be within the range of `` fair value . '' </s>
<s> UNK Davis . </s>
<s> Friday 's fall marks the start of a bear market , says Mr. Davis , president of UNK Davis Research Inc . </s>
<s> But Mr. Davis , whose views are widely respected by money managers , says he expects no UNK crash . </s>
<s> `` There was a unique combination in 1987 , '' he says . </s>
<s> `` UNK debt was at a record high . </s>
<s> There was tremendous public enthusiasm for stock mutual funds . </s>
<s> The main thing was portfolio insurance , '' a mechanical trading system intended to protect an investor against losses . `` </s>
<s> A hundred billion dollars in stock was subject '' to it . </s>
<s> In 1987 , such selling contributed to a UNK effect . </s>
<s> Today could even be an up day , Mr. Davis says , if major brokerage firms agree to UNK from program trading . </s>
<s> Over the next several months , though , he says things look bad . </s>
<s> `` I think the market will be heading down into November , '' he says . </s>
<s> `` We will probably have a year-end rally , and then go down again . </s>
<s> UNK of a UNK bear market . '' </s>
<s> He expects the downturn to carry the Dow Jones Industrial Average down to around 2000 sometime next year . </s>
<s> `` That would be a normal bear market , '' he says . </s>
<s> `` I guess that 's my forecast . '' </s>
<s> UNK G. UNK . </s>
<s> `` I do n't think the market is going through another October UNK . </s>
<s> I do n't think that 's the case at all , '' says Mr. UNK , a partner at Goldman , Sachs & Co. and chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK sees this as a good time to pick up bargains , but he does n't think there 's any need to rush . </s>
<s> `` I expect the market to open weaker Monday , but then it should find some stability . '' </s>
<s> He UNK off several major differences between now and two years ago . </s>
<s> Unlike 1987 , interest rates have been falling this year . </s>
<s> Unlike 1987 , the dollar has been strong . </s>
<s> And unlike 1987 , the economy does n't appear to be in any danger of UNK . </s>
<s> But the economy 's slower growth this year also means the outlook for corporate profits `` is n't good , '' he says . </s>
<s> `` So it 's a very mixed bag . '' </s>
<s> Thus , he concludes , `` This is not a good environment to be fully invested '' in stocks . </s>
<s> `` If I had come into Friday on margin or with very little cash in the portfolios , I would not do any buying . </s>
<s> But we came into Friday with a conservative portfolio , so I would look to do some modest buying '' on behalf of clients . `` </s>
<s> We 're going to look for some of the UNK companies that got UNK '' Friday . </s>
<s> John Kenneth UNK . </s>
<s> `` This is the latest UNK of the capacity of the financial community for UNK UNK , '' says Mr. UNK , an economist . </s>
<s> `` I see this as a reaction to the whole junk bond explosion , '' he says . </s>
<s> `` The explosion of junk bonds and takeovers has UNK a lot of UNK securities in the hands of investors and UNK the corporations that are the UNK of takeovers or feared takeovers with huge amounts of debt rather than equity . </s>
<s> This has both made investors UNK and the corporations more vulnerable . '' </s>
<s> Nevertheless , he says a depression does n't appear likely . </s>
<s> `` There is more UNK in the economy at large than we commonly UNK , '' he says . </s>
<s> `` It takes more error now to have a major depression than back in the UNK -- much as the financial community and the government may try . '' </s>
<s> Mario UNK . </s>
<s> New York money manager Mario UNK , an expert at UNK takeover candidates , says that takeovers are n't totally gone . </s>
<s> `` Companies are still going to buy companies around the world , '' he says . </s>
<s> UNK are `` Ford looking at Jaguar , BellSouth looking at LIN Broadcasting . '' </s>
<s> These sorts of takeovers do n't require junk bonds or big bank loans to finance them , so Mr. UNK figures they will continue . </s>
<s> `` The market was up 35 % since { President } Bush took office , '' Mr. UNK says , so a correction was to be expected . </s>
<s> He thinks another crash is `` unlikely , '' and says he was `` UNK at '' selected stocks during Friday 's plunge . </s>
<s> `` Stocks that were thrown out just on an emotional basis are a great opportunity { this } week for guys like me , '' he says . </s>
<s> Jim UNK . </s>
<s> `` It seems to me that this is the UNK that has finally UNK the balloon , '' says Mr. UNK , a professor of finance at Columbia University and former UNK of one of the most successful hedge funds in history , Quantum Fund . </s>
<s> He sees `` economic problems , financial problems '' ahead for the U.S. , with a fairly strong possibility of a recession . </s>
<s> `` Friday you could n't sell dollars , '' he says . </s>
<s> Dealers `` would give you a quote , but then refuse to make the trade . '' </s>
<s> If the dollar stays weak , he says , that will add to UNK pressures in the U.S. and make it hard for the Federal Reserve Board to ease interest rates very much . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK wo n't decide what to do today until he sees how the London and Tokyo markets go . </s>
<s> He recommends that investors sell UNK stocks , but hang on to some other stocks -- especially utilities , which often do well during periods of economic weakness . </s>
<s> Frank UNK . </s>
<s> Many people now claim to have predicted the 1987 crash . </s>
<s> UNK newsletter writer Francis UNK UNK actually did it : He stated in writing in September 1987 that the Dow Jones Industrial Average was likely to decline about 500 points the following month . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK says what happens now will depend a good deal on the Federal Reserve Board . </s>
<s> If it promptly cuts the discount rate it charges on loans to banks , he says , `` That could quiet things down . '' </s>
<s> If not , `` We could go to UNK very soon . '' </s>
<s> Frank W. UNK . </s>
<s> Stock prices `` would still have to go down some additional amount before we become positive on stocks , '' says Mr. UNK , president and managing director of Renaissance Investment Management Inc. in Cincinnati . </s>
<s> Renaissance , which manages about $ 1.8 billion , drew stiff criticism from many clients earlier this year because it pulled entirely out of stocks at the beginning of the year and thus missed a strong rally . </s>
<s> Renaissance is keeping its money entirely in cash UNK , primarily U.S. Treasury bills . </s>
<s> `` UNK probably are the right place to be , '' he says . </s>
<s> September 's steep rise in producer prices shows that inflation still UNK , and the UNK over interest rates caused by the new price data contributed to the stock market 's plunge Friday . </s>
<s> After falling for three consecutive months , the producer price index for finished goods shot up 0.9 % last month , the Labor Department reported Friday , as energy prices jumped after tumbling through the summer . </s>
<s> Although the report , which was released before the stock market opened , did n't trigger the UNK drop in the Dow Jones Industrial Average , analysts said it did play a role in the market 's decline . </s>
<s> Analysts immediately viewed the price data , the UNK inflation news in months , as evidence that the Federal Reserve was unlikely to allow interest rates to fall as many investors had hoped . </s>
<s> Further UNK the belief that pressures in the economy were sufficient to keep the Fed from easing credit , the Commerce Department reported Friday that retail sales grew 0.5 % in September , to $ UNK billion . </s>
<s> That rise came on top of a 0.7 % gain in August , and suggested there is still healthy consumer demand in the economy . </s>
<s> `` I think the Friday report , combined with the actions of the Fed , weakened the belief that there was going to be an imminent easing of monetary policy , '' said Robert UNK , chief economist at Northern Trust Co. in Chicago . </s>
<s> But economists were divided over the extent of the inflation threat signaled by the new numbers . </s>
<s> `` The overall 0.9 % increase is serious in itself , but what is even worse is that excluding food and energy , the producer price index still increased by 0.7 % , '' said Gordon UNK , an economist at the National Association of Manufacturers . </s>
<s> But UNK UNK UNK , chief economist at UNK Corp. in Minneapolis , blamed rising energy prices and the annual autumn increase in car prices for most of the September jump . </s>
<s> `` I would say this is not bad news ; this is a UNK , '' he said . </s>
<s> `` The core rate is not really out of line . '' </s>
<s> All year , energy prices have UNK the producer price index , which measures changes in the prices producers receive for goods . </s>
<s> UNK UNK has fallen back from its UNK pace last winter , when a steep UNK in world oil prices sent the index UNK at double-digit annual rates . </s>
<s> Energy prices then plummeted through the summer , causing the index to decline for three consecutive months . </s>
<s> Overall , the index has climbed at a 5.1 % compound annual rate since the start of the year , the Labor Department said . </s>
<s> While far more UNK than the pace at the beginning of the year , that is still a UNK rise than the UNK % increase for all of 1988 . </s>
<s> Moreover , this year 's good inflation news may have ended last month , when energy prices UNK up 6.5 % after plunging 7.3 % in August . </s>
<s> Some analysts expect oil prices to remain relatively stable in the months ahead , leaving the future pace of inflation uncertain . </s>
<s> Analysts had expected that the climb in oil prices last month would lead to a substantial rise in the producer price index , but the 0.9 % climb was higher than most anticipated . </s>
<s> `` I think the UNK { in inflation } is going to continue for a few months , '' said John UNK , chief economist at Bell UNK UNK , a Washington economic forecasting firm . </s>
<s> He predicted that inflation will moderate next year , saying that credit conditions are fairly tight world-wide . </s>
<s> But UNK Van UNK , president of the National Association of UNK , said that last month 's rise `` is n't as bad an UNK '' as the 0.9 % figure suggests . </s>
<s> `` If you examine the data carefully , the increase is concentrated in energy and motor vehicle prices , rather than being a broad-based advance in the prices of consumer and industrial goods , '' he explained . </s>
<s> UNK car prices jumped 3.8 % in September , after climbing 0.5 % in August and declining in the late spring and summer . </s>
<s> Many analysts said the September increase was a one-time event , coming as dealers introduced their 1990 models . </s>
<s> Although all the price data were adjusted for normal seasonal fluctuations , car prices rose beyond the UNK autumn increase . </s>
<s> Prices for capital equipment rose a hefty 1.1 % in September , while prices for home electronic equipment fell 1.1 % . </s>
<s> Food prices declined 0.6 % , after climbing 0.3 % in August . </s>
<s> Meanwhile , the retail sales report showed that car sales rose UNK % in September to $ UNK billion . </s>
<s> But at least part of the increase could have come from higher prices , analysts said . </s>
<s> Sales at general merchandise stores rose 1.7 % after declining 0.6 % in August , while sales of building materials fell 1.8 % after rising 1.7 % . </s>
<s> UNK prices for UNK goods grew 0.4 % in September , after dropping for three consecutive months . </s>
<s> Prices for crude goods , an array of raw materials , jumped 1.1 % after declining 1.9 % in August and UNK up 0.2 % in July . </s>
<s> Here are the Labor Department 's producer price indexes ( 1982 UNK 100 ) for September , before seasonal adjustment , and the percentage changes from September , 1988 . </s>
<s> No , it was n't Black Monday . </s>
<s> But while the New York Stock Exchange did n't fall apart Friday as the Dow Jones Industrial Average plunged UNK points -- most of it in the final hour -- it barely managed to stay this side of chaos . </s>
<s> Some `` circuit breakers '' installed after the October 1987 crash failed their first test , traders say , unable to cool the selling panic in both stocks and futures . </s>
<s> The 49 stock specialist firms on the Big Board floor -- the buyers and sellers of last resort who were criticized after the 1987 crash -- once again could n't handle the selling pressure . </s>
<s> Big investment banks refused to step up to the plate to support the UNK floor traders by buying big blocks of stock , traders say . </s>
<s> Heavy selling of Standard & Poor 's 500-stock index futures in Chicago UNK beat stocks downward . </s>
<s> UNK Big Board stocks -- UAL , AMR , BankAmerica , Walt Disney , Capital Cities / ABC , Philip Morris and Pacific Telesis Group -- stopped trading and never resumed . </s>
<s> The UNK has already begun . </s>
<s> `` The equity market was UNK . </s>
<s> Once again { the specialists } were not able to handle the imbalances on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange , '' said Christopher UNK , senior vice president at UNK Securities Corp . </s>
<s> UNK James UNK , chairman of specialists Henderson Brothers Inc. : `` It is easy to say the specialist is n't doing his job . </s>
<s> When the dollar is in a UNK , even central banks ca n't stop it . </s>
<s> UNK are calling for a degree of liquidity that is not there in the market . '' </s>
<s> Many money managers and some traders had already left their offices early Friday afternoon on a warm autumn day -- because the stock market was so quiet . </s>
<s> Then in a UNK plunge , the Dow Jones industrials in barely an hour surrendered about a third of their gains this year , UNK up a UNK , or 6.9 % , loss on the day in UNK trading volume . </s>
<s> UNK trading accelerated to UNK million shares , a record for the Big Board . </s>
<s> At the end of the day , UNK million shares were traded . </s>
<s> The Dow Jones industrials closed at UNK . </s>
<s> The Dow 's decline was second in point terms only to the UNK Black Monday crash that occurred Oct. 19 , 1987 . </s>
<s> In percentage terms , however , the Dow 's dive was the UNK ever and the UNK since the market fell UNK , or 8 % , a week after Black Monday . </s>
<s> The Dow fell UNK % on Black Monday . </s>
<s> Shares of UAL , the parent of United Airlines , were extremely active all day Friday , reacting to news and rumors about the proposed $ 6.79 billion buy-out of the airline by an UNK group . </s>
<s> Wall Street 's takeover-stock speculators , or `` risk arbitragers , '' had placed unusually large UNK that a takeover would succeed and UAL stock would rise . </s>
<s> At UNK p.m. EDT , came the UNK news : The Big Board was UNK trading in UAL , `` pending news . '' </s>
<s> On the exchange floor , `` as soon as UAL stopped trading , we UNK for a panic , '' said one top floor trader . </s>
<s> Several traders could be seen shaking their heads when the news UNK . </s>
<s> For weeks , the market had been nervous about takeovers , after Campeau Corp. 's cash crunch spurred concern about the prospects for future highly leveraged takeovers . </s>
<s> And 10 minutes after the UAL trading halt came news that the UAL group could n't get financing for its bid . </s>
<s> At this point , the Dow was down about 35 points . </s>
<s> The market UNK . </s>
<s> UNK could n't dump their UAL stock -- but they rid themselves of nearly every `` rumor '' stock they had . </s>
<s> For example , their selling caused trading UNK to be declared in USAir Group , which closed down 3 7\/8 to 41 1\/2 , Delta Air Lines , which fell 7 3\/4 to 69 1\/4 , and UNK Industries , which sank 3 to 21 1\/2 . </s>
<s> These stocks eventually reopened . </s>
<s> But as panic spread , speculators began to sell blue-chip stocks such as Philip Morris and International Business Machines to offset their losses . </s>
<s> When trading was halted in Philip Morris , the stock was trading at 41 , down 3 3\/8 , while IBM closed 5 5\/8 lower at 102 . </s>
<s> UNK UNK because of waves of automatic `` stop-loss '' orders , which are triggered by computer when prices fall to certain levels . </s>
<s> Most of the stock selling pressure came from Wall Street professionals , including computer-guided program traders . </s>
<s> Traders said most of their major institutional investors , on the other hand , sat tight . </s>
<s> Now , at UNK , one of the market 's UNK `` reforms '' took hold as the S&P 500 futures contract had plunged 12 points , equivalent to around a UNK drop in the Dow industrials . </s>
<s> Under an agreement signed by the Big Board and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange , trading was temporarily halted in Chicago . </s>
<s> After the trading halt in the S&P 500 pit in Chicago , waves of selling continued to hit stocks themselves on the Big Board , and specialists continued to UNK prices down . </s>
<s> As a result , the link between the futures and stock markets UNK apart . </s>
<s> Without the UNK of stock-index futures -- the barometer of where traders think the overall stock market is headed -- many traders were afraid to trust stock prices quoted on the Big Board . </s>
<s> The futures halt was even UNK by Big Board floor traders . </s>
<s> `` It UNK things up , '' said one major specialist . </s>
<s> This confusion effectively halted one form of program trading , stock index arbitrage , that closely links the futures and stock markets , and has been blamed by some for the market 's big swings . </s>
<s> ( In a stock-index arbitrage sell program , traders buy or sell big baskets of stocks and offset the trade in futures to lock in a price difference . ) </s>
<s> `` When the airline information came through , it UNK every model we had for the marketplace , '' said a managing director at one of the largest program-trading firms . </s>
<s> `` We did n't even get a chance to do the programs we wanted to do . '' </s>
<s> But stocks kept falling . </s>
<s> The Dow industrials were down 55 points at 3 p.m. before the UNK halt . </s>
<s> At UNK p.m. , at the end of the `` UNK off '' period , the average was down UNK points . </s>
<s> Meanwhile , during the the S&P trading halt , S&P futures sell orders began UNK up , while stocks in New York kept falling sharply . </s>
<s> Big Board Chairman John J. Phelan said yesterday the circuit breaker `` worked well UNK . </s>
<s> I just think it 's UNK at this point to get into a debate if index arbitrage would have helped or hurt things . '' </s>
<s> Under another UNK system , Big Board President Richard UNK ( Mr. Phelan was flying to UNK as the market was falling ) was talking on an `` UNK hot line '' to the other exchanges , the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Federal Reserve Board . </s>
<s> He UNK out at a high-tech UNK center on the floor of the Big Board , where he could watch UNK on prices and pending stock orders . </s>
<s> At about UNK p.m. EDT , S&P futures resumed trading , and for a brief time the futures and stock markets started to come back in line . </s>
<s> UNK stepped in to the futures pit . </s>
<s> But the UNK of S&P futures sell orders weighed on the market , and the link with stocks began to UNK again . </s>
<s> At about UNK , the S&P market UNK to still another limit , of 30 points down , and trading was locked again . </s>
<s> Futures traders say the S&P was UNK that the Dow could fall as much as 200 points . </s>
<s> During this time , small investors began ringing their brokers , wondering whether another crash had begun . </s>
<s> At Prudential-Bache Securities Inc. , which is trying to cater to small investors , some UNK brokers thought this would be the final UNK . </s>
<s> That 's when George L. Ball , chairman of the Prudential Insurance Co. of America unit , took to the internal UNK system to declare that the plunge was only `` mechanical . '' </s>
<s> `` I have a UNK that this particular decline today is something ` more UNK about less . ' </s>
<s> It would be my UNK to advise clients not to sell , to look for an opportunity to buy , '' Mr. Ball told the brokers . </s>
<s> At Merrill Lynch & Co. , the nation 's biggest brokerage firm , a news release was prepared UNK `` Merrill Lynch UNK on Market UNK . '' </s>
<s> The release cautioned that `` there are significant differences between the current environment and that of October 1987 '' and that there are still `` attractive investment opportunities '' in the stock market . </s>
<s> However , Jeffrey B. Lane , president of Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc. , said that Friday 's plunge is `` going to set back '' relations with customers , `` because it UNK the concern of volatility . </s>
<s> And I think a lot of people will UNK on program trading . </s>
<s> It 's going to bring the debate right back to the UNK . '' </s>
<s> As the Dow average ground to its final UNK loss Friday , the S&P pit stayed locked at its UNK trading limit . </s>
<s> Jeffrey UNK of program trader UNK Investment Group said 2,000 S&P contracts were for sale on the close , the equivalent of $ UNK million in stock . </s>
<s> But there were no buyers . </s>
<s> While Friday 's debacle involved mainly professional traders rather than investors , it left the market vulnerable to continued selling this morning , traders said . </s>
<s> Stock-index futures contracts settled at much lower prices than indexes of the stock market itself . </s>
<s> At those levels , stocks are set up to be UNK by index arbitragers , who lock in profits by buying futures when futures prices fall , and simultaneously sell off stocks . </s>
<s> But nobody knows at what level the futures and stocks will open today . </s>
<s> The UNK between the stock and futures markets Friday will UNK cause renewed debate about whether Wall Street is properly prepared for another crash situation . </s>
<s> The Big Board 's Mr. UNK said , `` Our UNK performance was good . '' </s>
<s> But the exchange will `` look at the performance of all specialists in all stocks . </s>
<s> Obviously we 'll take a close look at any situation in which we think the UNK obligations were n't met , '' he said . </s>
<s> ( UNK related story : `` Fed UNK to UNK Big Funds '' -- WSJ Oct. 16 , 1989 ) </s>
<s> But specialists complain privately that just as in the 1987 crash , the `` UNK '' firms -- big investment banks that support the market by trading big blocks of stock -- stayed on the sidelines during Friday 's UNK . </s>
<s> Mr. Phelan said , `` It will take another day or two '' to analyze who was buying and selling Friday . </s>
<s> The Bronx has a UNK UNK garden , a great UNK , its own UNK Little Italy ( on Arthur Avenue ) and , of course , the UNK . </s>
<s> However , most people , having been UNK to news UNK of the UNK South Bronx , look at the borough the way Tom UNK 's UNK UNK did in `` UNK of the UNK '' -- as a wrong turn into UNK . </s>
<s> But UNK UNK 's Bronx , her UNK Bronx of the UNK , is something else altogether . </s>
<s> In a lovely , UNK UNK , `` UNK UNK '' ( UNK , UNK pages , $ 18.95 ) , she UNK an exotic UNK , UNK mainly by Jewish UNK and the UNK Catholic ( real UNK like her UNK friend , the UNK UNK , age five ) . </s>
<s> Ms. UNK , a UNK and playwright , has a UNK and dramatically UNK sense of recall . </s>
<s> She UNK her `` Bronx of the UNK , a place where the UNK of UNK are only relieved by steep UNK into UNK '' into the `` UNK Bronx , '' a world UNK with sex and death and UNK . </s>
<s> In the UNK Bronx , Jewish UNK people lived in UNK , UNK buildings `` UNK '' with names like UNK UNK ( after owners UNK and Morris UNK ) , whose UNK and UNK were UNK with UNK of ancient UNK and UNK , UNK of UNK . </s>
<s> For Ms. UNK the architectural UNK matched the UNK she felt living in the UNK UNK as a little girl : `` ... UNK ordinary , UNK UNK , UNK all UNK to UNK UNK . '' </s>
<s> UNK and funny but never mean , she 's a UNK a bit like UNK UNK , if he 'd been Jewish and female and less UNK . </s>
<s> Little UNK , as Ms. UNK calls herself in the book , really was n't ordinary . </s>
<s> She was raised , for the first eight years , by her mother , UNK , whom she UNK as a UNK UNK , who UNK history to explain why UNK 's father did n't live with them . </s>
<s> UNK UNK this man , who may or may not have known about his child , as a war hero for UNK 's benefit . </s>
<s> UNK died young and UNK has UNK her as a UNK figure , who did n't interfere much with her child 's education on the streets . </s>
<s> The games Bronx children played ( holding kids down and UNK them , for example ) seem UNK by today 's crack standards , but Ms. UNK makes it all sound like a great UNK . </s>
<s> `` Without official knowledge of sex or death , we UNK with both , '' she writes . </s>
<s> She UNK families by their UNK arrangements . </s>
<s> Her friend Susan , whose parents kept UNK her she was unwanted , UNK on a narrow bed UNK into her parents ' UNK , as though she were a temporary UNK . </s>
<s> Her friend UNK 's father was a professional UNK ; they did n't seem to have any UNK at all . </s>
<s> Maybe UNK became so UNK with where people UNK and how because her own arrangements kept shifting . </s>
<s> When UNK died , her UNK moved in -- and let her make the UNK and other household arrangements . </s>
<s> They painted the apartment UNK , UNK and white , according to her instructions . </s>
<s> With UNK detail she recalls her UNK UNK , an UNK UNK and song UNK ( who UNK river with UNK in a love song ) ; and UNK UNK , a UNK UNK investigator who looked like Lincoln and carried a change of clothing in a Manila UNK , like an `` UNK President on a UNK mission . '' </s>
<s> They came by their UNK UNK . </s>
<s> UNK 's UNK , no UNK UNK , UNK the heads of UNK UNK from the family UNK , and UNK around her UNK UNK , `` UNK for Women . '' </s>
<s> The book loses some momentum toward the end , when UNK becomes more UNK with UNK boys and less with her UNK UNK family . </s>
<s> For the most part , though , there 's much UNK in her UNK , UNK probe into the UNK of the UNK Bronx . </s>
<s> The Bronx also figures in Bruce Jay UNK 's latest novel , which UNK back to the New York of the UNK . </s>
<s> But both the past and present UNK of `` The Current UNK '' ( Atlantic UNK Press , 200 pages , $ 18.95 ) feel UNK and UNK . </s>
<s> For his sixth novel , Mr. UNK tried to UNK the UNK of his 1972 work , `` About Harry UNK . '' </s>
<s> Harry is now a UNK writer , whose continuing UNK with drugs and marginal types in Hollywood and New York seems UNK UNK . </s>
<s> Harry UNK UNK the `` old '' days of the early UNK , when people like his friend UNK would take a UNK on a date to analyze what UNK was doing wrong . </s>
<s> `` An L.A. solution , '' explains Mr. UNK . </s>
<s> Line by line Mr. UNK 's UNK UNK can be UNK , especially when he 's UNK on the Hollywood social scheme -- the way people size each other up , immediately UNK the desperate ones who merely almost made it . </s>
<s> Harry has avoided all that by living in a Long Island suburb with his wife , who 's so UNK to UNK UNK and mystery novels she barely seems to notice when her husband disappears for UNK UNK into Manhattan . </s>
<s> But it does n't take too many lines to figure Harry out . </s>
<s> He 's a UNK . </s>
<s> Gulf Resources & Chemical Corp. said it agreed to pay $ 1.5 million as part of an accord with the Environmental Protection Agency regarding an environmental cleanup of a UNK UNK the company formerly operated in UNK . </s>
<s> In 1984 the EPA notified Gulf Resources , which was a UNK of the UNK , that it was potentially liable for UNK cleanup costs at the site under the federal Superfund program . </s>
<s> The UNK area is UNK with lead , UNK and other metals . </s>
<s> Gulf Resources earlier this year proposed a reorganization plan that would make it a unit of a UNK concern , potentially UNK it from liability for the UNK 's cleanup costs . </s>
<s> The company said that as part of its agreement with the EPA , it `` made certain voluntary UNK with respect to UNK transactions entered into after the reorganization . '' </s>
<s> The company , which issued a statement on the agreement late Friday , said that $ 1 million of the payment was previously provided for in its financial statements and that $ 500,000 will be recognized in its 1989 third-quarter statement . </s>
<s> The agreement and consent UNK are subject to court approval , the company said . </s>
<s> Gulf Resources added that it `` will seek to recover UNK contribution from others for both the amount of the settlement and any other liabilities it may incur under the Superfund law . '' </s>
<s> Under the agreement , Gulf must give the U.S. government 45 days ' advance written notice before issuing any dividends on common stock . </s>
<s> The company 's net worth can not fall below $ 185 million after the dividends are issued . </s>
<s> `` The terms of that agreement only become effective the date of Gulf 's reorganization , which we anticipate will occur sometime in early 1990 , '' said Lawrence R. Mehl , Gulf 's general counsel . </s>
<s> In addition , Gulf must give the government 20 days ' advance written notice of any loans exceeding $ 50 million that are made to the UNK holding company . </s>
<s> Gulf 's net worth after those transaction must be at least $ 150 million . </s>
<s> Separately , the company said it expects to hold a special meeting for shareholders in early 1990 to vote on its proposed reorganization . </s>
<s> Food and Drug Administration spokesman Jeff UNK said the agency has turned over evidence in a criminal investigation concerning UNK Pharmaceuticals Inc. to the U.S. Attorney 's office in Baltimore . </s>
<s> Neither UNK nor any of the UNK Gardens , N.Y. , company 's officials or employees have been charged with any crimes . </s>
<s> UNK won approval to market a version of a blood pressure medicine but acknowledged that it UNK a UNK UNK PLC product as its own in tests . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK also said the FDA has asked UNK Pharmaceutical Co. to recall at the retail level its UNK UNK UNK . </s>
<s> But so far the company has n't UNK with that request , the spokesman said . </s>
<s> UNK , the subject of a criminal investigation by the FDA and the UNK General 's office of the Health and Human Services Department , only agreed to recall two UNK of its version of UNK `` as far down as direct customers , mostly UNK , '' Mr. UNK said . </s>
<s> UNK , of UNK , N.Y. , earlier began a voluntary recall of both its 100 UNK and 50 UNK versions of the drug . </s>
<s> The FDA has said it presented evidence it uncovered to the company indicating that UNK UNK the UNK product for its own to gain government approval to sell generic versions of UNK . </s>
<s> UNK has denied that it switched the UNK product for its own in such testing . </s>
<s> UNK Medical Inc. said it adopted a shareholders ' rights plan in which rights to purchase shares of common stock will be distributed as a dividend to shareholders of record as of Oct. 23 . </s>
<s> The company said the plan was n't adopted in response to any known offers for UNK , a maker and marketer of hospital products . </s>
<s> The rights allow shareholders to purchase UNK stock at a discount if any person or group acquires more than 15 % of the company 's common stock or UNK a tender offer . </s>
<s> As small investors UNK their mutual funds with phone calls over the weekend , big fund managers said they have a strong defense against any wave of withdrawals : cash . </s>
<s> Unlike the weekend before Black Monday , the funds were n't UNK with heavy withdrawal requests . </s>
<s> And many fund managers have built up cash levels and say they will be buying stock this week . </s>
<s> At Fidelity Investments , the nation 's largest fund company , telephone volume was up sharply , but it was still at just half the level of the weekend UNK Black Monday in 1987 . </s>
<s> The Boston firm said UNK UNK were running at less than one-third the level two years ago . </s>
<s> As of yesterday afternoon , the UNK represented less than 15 % of the total cash position of about $ 2 billion of Fidelity 's stock funds . </s>
<s> `` Two years ago there were massive redemption levels over the weekend and a lot of fear around , '' said C. Bruce UNK , who runs Fidelity Investments ' $ 5 billion UNK Fund . </s>
<s> `` This feels more like a UNK deal . </s>
<s> People are n't UNK . '' </s>
<s> The test may come today . </s>
<s> Friday 's stock market sell-off came too late for many investors to act . </s>
<s> Some shareholders have held off until today because any fund exchanges made after Friday 's close would take place at today 's closing prices . </s>
<s> Stock fund UNK during the 1987 debacle did n't begin to UNK until after the market opened on Black Monday . </s>
<s> But fund managers say they 're ready . </s>
<s> Many have raised cash levels , which act as a UNK against steep market declines . </s>
<s> Mario UNK , for instance , holds cash positions well above 20 % in several of his funds . </s>
<s> UNK Fund 's John UNK and Mutual Series ' Michael Price said they had raised their cash levels to more than 20 % and 30 % , respectively , this year . </s>
<s> Even Peter Lynch , manager of Fidelity 's $ 12.7 billion UNK Fund , the nation 's largest stock fund , built up cash to 7 % or $ 850 million . </s>
<s> One reason is that after two years of monthly net UNK , the fund posted net inflows of money from investors in August and September . </s>
<s> `` I 've let the money build up , '' Mr. Lynch said , who added that he has had trouble finding stocks he likes . </s>
<s> Not all funds have raised cash levels , of course . </s>
<s> As a group , stock funds held 10.2 % of assets in cash as of August , the latest figures available from the Investment Company Institute . </s>
<s> That was modestly higher than the 8.8 % and 9.2 % levels in August and September of 1987 . </s>
<s> Also , persistent UNK would force some fund managers to dump stocks to raise cash . </s>
<s> But a strong level of investor withdrawals is much more unlikely this time around , fund managers said . </s>
<s> A major reason is that investors already have sharply scaled back their purchases of stock funds since Black Monday . </s>
<s> UNK sales have rebounded in recent months , but monthly net purchases are still running at less than half 1987 levels . </s>
<s> `` There 's not nearly as much UNK , '' said John UNK , chairman of Vanguard Group Inc. , a big Valley UNK , Pa. , fund company . </s>
<s> Many fund managers argue that now 's the time to buy . </s>
<s> Vincent UNK , manager of the $ 1.8 billion Wellington Fund , added to his positions in Bristol-Myers Squibb , Woolworth and Dun & Bradstreet Friday . </s>
<s> And today he 'll be looking to buy drug stocks like Eli Lilly , Pfizer and American Home Products whose dividend yields have been bolstered by stock declines . </s>
<s> Fidelity 's Mr. Lynch , for his part , snapped up Southern Co. shares Friday after the stock got UNK . </s>
<s> If the market drops further today , he said he 'll be buying blue chips such as Bristol-Myers and Kellogg . </s>
<s> `` If they UNK stocks like that , '' he said , it presents an opportunity that is `` the kind of thing you dream about . '' </s>
<s> Major mutual-fund groups said phone calls were UNK at twice the normal weekend pace yesterday . </s>
<s> But most investors were seeking share prices and other information . </s>
<s> Trading volume was only modestly higher than normal . </s>
<s> Still , fund groups are n't taking any chances . </s>
<s> They hope to avoid the UNK phone lines and other UNK that UNK some fund investors in October 1987 . </s>
<s> Fidelity on Saturday opened its 54 UNK investor centers across the country . </s>
<s> The centers normally are closed through the weekend . </s>
<s> In addition , East Coast centers will open at UNK EDT this morning , instead of the normal UNK . </s>
<s> T. Rowe Price Associates Inc. increased its staff of phone representatives to handle investor requests . </s>
<s> The UNK group noted that some investors moved money from stock funds to money-market funds . </s>
<s> But most investors seemed to be `` in an information UNK rather than in a transaction UNK , '' said Steven UNK , a vice president . </s>
<s> And Vanguard , among other groups , said it was adding more phone representatives today to help investors get through . </s>
<s> In an unusual move , several funds moved to UNK investors with UNK on their UNK phone lines . </s>
<s> `` We view { Friday 's } market decline as offering us a buying opportunity as long-term investors , '' a recording at UNK & Co. funds said over the weekend . </s>
<s> The UNK Group had a similar recording for investors . </s>
<s> Several fund managers expect a rough market this morning before prices stabilize . </s>
<s> Some early selling is likely to stem from investors and portfolio managers who want to lock in this year 's fat profits . </s>
<s> Stock funds have averaged a staggering gain of 25 % through September , according to Lipper Analytical Services Inc . </s>
<s> UNK UNK , who runs Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc. 's $ UNK million UNK UNK Portfolio , predicts the market will open down at least 50 points on technical factors and `` some panic selling . '' </s>
<s> But she expects prices to rebound soon and is telling investors she expects the stock market wo n't decline more than 10 % to 15 % from recent highs . </s>
<s> `` This is not a major crash , '' she said . </s>
<s> Nevertheless , Ms. UNK said she was UNK with phone calls over the weekend from nervous shareholders . </s>
<s> `` UNK of them are really scared and want to sell , '' she said , `` but I 'm trying to talk them out of it . '' </s>
<s> She added , `` If they all were bullish , I 'd really be upset . '' </s>
<s> The UNK to Friday 's slide was UNK different from that of the October 1987 crash , fund managers argue . </s>
<s> Two years ago , unlike today , the dollar was weak , interest rates were rising and the market was very UNK , they say . </s>
<s> `` From the investors ' standpoint , institutions and individuals learned a painful lesson ... by selling at the lows '' on Black Monday , said Stephen UNK , manager of the $ UNK million T. Rowe Price Growth and Income Fund . </s>
<s> This time , `` I do n't think we 'll get a panic reaction . </s>
<s> Investors who bought stock with borrowed money -- that is , `` on margin '' -- may be more worried than most following Friday 's market drop . </s>
<s> That 's because their brokers can require them to sell some shares or put up more cash to enhance the collateral backing their loans . </s>
<s> In October 1987 , these margin calls were thought to have contributed to the downward UNK of the stock market . </s>
<s> Typically , a margin call occurs when the price of a stock falls below 75 % of its original value . </s>
<s> If the investor does n't put up the extra cash to satisfy the call , the brokerage firm may begin UNK the securities . </s>
<s> But some big brokerage firms said they do n't expect major problems as a result of margin calls . </s>
<s> UNK calls since Friday `` have been higher than usual , but reasonable , '' a spokesman for Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc. said . </s>
<s> Merrill Lynch & Co. officials `` do n't expect { margin calls } to be as big a factor as in 1987 '' because fewer individual investors are buying stock on margin , a spokesman said . </s>
<s> Hugo UNK , senior vice president at Charles UNK Corp. , the San UNK discount brokerage firm , said he did n't expect any immediate problems with margin calls for UNK customers . </s>
<s> He said UNK had increased margin requirements `` so customers have more of a cushion . '' </s>
<s> He added : `` We learned a lesson in 1987 about volatility . </s>
<s> If a hostile UNK emerges for Saatchi & Saatchi Co. , UNK Charles and UNK Saatchi will lead a management buy-out attempt , an official close to the company said . </s>
<s> Financing for any takeover attempt may be UNK in the wake of Friday 's stock-market sell-off in New York and turmoil in the junk-bond market . </s>
<s> But the UNK British advertising and consulting giant , which last week named a new chief executive officer to replace UNK Saatchi , has been the subject of intense takeover speculation for weeks . </s>
<s> Last week , Saatchi 's largest shareholder , UNK Asset Management , said it had been approached by one or more third parties interested in a possible restructuring . </s>
<s> And Carl Spielvogel , chief executive officer of Saatchi 's big Backer Spielvogel Bates advertising unit , said he had offered to lead a management buy-out of the company , but was rebuffed by Charles Saatchi . </s>
<s> Mr. Spielvogel said he would n't launch a hostile bid . </s>
<s> The executive close to Saatchi & Saatchi said that `` if a bidder came up with a UNK high offer , a crazy offer which Saatchi knew it could n't beat , it would have no choice but to recommend it to shareholders . </s>
<s> But { otherwise } it would UNK come back '' with an offer by management . </s>
<s> The executive said any buy-out would be led by the current board , whose chairman is UNK Saatchi and whose strategic UNK force is believed to be Charles Saatchi . </s>
<s> Mr. Spielvogel is n't part of the board , nor are any of the other heads of Saatchi 's big UNK ad agencies . </s>
<s> The executive did n't name any price , but securities analysts have said Saatchi would fetch upward of $ 1.3 billion . </s>
<s> The executive denied speculation that Saatchi was bringing in the new chief executive officer only to clean up the company financially so that the brothers could lead a buy-back . </s>
<s> That speculation UNK Friday as industry executives UNK the appointment of the new chief executive , Robert UNK , who joins Saatchi and becomes a member of its board on Jan. 1 . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK , formerly chief executive of the pharmaceutical research firm UNK International Inc. , has a reputation as a UNK financial manager , and will be charged largely with UNK Saatchi 's poor financial state . </s>
<s> Asked about the speculation that Mr. UNK has been hired to UNK the way for a buy-out by the brothers , the executive replied , `` That is n't the reason Dreyfus has been brought in . </s>
<s> He was brought in to turn around the company . '' </s>
<s> Separately , several Saatchi agency clients said they believe the company 's management UNK will have little affect on them . </s>
<s> `` It has n't had any impact on us , nor do we expect it to , '' said a spokeswoman for Miller Brewing Co. , a major client of Backer Spielvogel . </s>
<s> John UNK , director of advertising at PaineWebber Inc. , a Saatchi & Saatchi Advertising client , said : `` We have no problem with the announcement , because we do n't know what change it 's going to bring about . </s>
<s> We are n't going to change agencies because of a change in London . '' </s>
<s> Executives at Backer Spielvogel client UNK Inc. , as well as at Saatchi client UNK UNK Co. , also said they saw no effect . </s>
<s> Executives at Prudential-Bache Securities Inc. , a Backer Spielvogel client that is reviewing its account , declined comment . </s>
<s> Mr. Spielvogel had said that Prudential-Bache was prepared to finance either a management buy-out and restructuring , or a buy-out of Backer Spielvogel alone , led by him . </s>
<s> Ad Notes ... . </s>
<s> NEW UNK : </s>
<s> California 's UNK Federal Bank awarded its $ 12 million to $ 15 million account to the Los Angeles office of UNK Group 's UNK agency . </s>
<s> The account was previously handled by Davis , Ball & UNK Advertising Inc. , a Los Angeles agency . </s>
<s> UNK UNK : </s>
<s> Royal Crown UNK Co. has ended its relationship with the Boston office of Hill , UNK , UNK , UNK . </s>
<s> The account had UNK about $ 6 million in 1988 , according to Leading National Advertisers . </s>
<s> UNK UNK : </s>
<s> As expected , Young & Rubicam Inc. along with two senior executives and a former employee , pleaded not guilty in federal court in New Haven , Conn. , to conspiracy and racketeering charges . </s>
<s> The government has charged that they UNK UNK officials to win the Jamaica UNK Board ad account in 1981 . </s>
<s> A spokesman for the U.S. Attorney 's office said UNK proceedings are `` just beginning '' for the other two defendants in the case , Eric Anthony UNK , former UNK tourism minister , and UNK businessman Arnold UNK Jr . </s>
<s> UNK UNK : </s>
<s> The UNK Group and UNK Inc. agreed to establish a joint venture advertising agency in South Korea . </s>
<s> UNK UNK Corp. , as the new agency will be called , will be based in Seoul and is 70 % owned by UNK and 30 % owned by UNK . </s>
<s> UNK already owns Korea First Advertising Co. , that country 's largest agency . </s>
<s> UNK joins Backer Spielvogel Bates and Ogilvy Group as U.S. agencies with interests in Korean agencies . </s>
<s> When the news broke of an attempted coup in Panama two weeks ago , Sen. Christopher UNK called the State Department for a UNK . </s>
<s> `` They said , ` follow UNK , ' '' he told reporters . </s>
<s> That shows how far Ted Turner 's Cable News Network has come since its birth nine years ago , when it was considered the UNK of television news . </s>
<s> It is bigger , faster and more profitable than the news divisions of any of the three major broadcast networks . </s>
<s> Its niche as the `` network of record '' during major crises draws UNK audiences around the world . </s>
<s> But for all its success , UNK has hit a UNK . </s>
<s> Although UNK UNK when big news breaks , it UNK during periods of UNK . </s>
<s> UNK executives worry that the network 's UNK but UNK news UNK may be getting UNK and wo n't keep viewers coming back as the alternatives UNK for news and information on UNK . </s>
<s> `` Just the fact we 're on 24 hours is no longer UNK , '' says Ed Turner , UNK 's executive vice president , news gathering ( and no UNK to Ted Turner ) . </s>
<s> `` You ca n't live on that . '' </s>
<s> So UNK , a unit of Atlanta-based Turner Broadcasting System Inc. , is trying to UNK itself as a primary channel , or what people in the television industry call a `` top of mind '' network . </s>
<s> UNK , to kick off the effort , UNK will premiere its first prime-time UNK in years , an UNK show at 6 p.m . Eastern time to air UNK against the network UNK . </s>
<s> The show will be UNK by Bernard Shaw and UNK UNK , a UNK former Texas judge and campus beauty UNK who has never held a job in television or journalism . </s>
<s> The new show is perhaps the UNK in a number of steps the network is taking to build audience loyalty by shifting away from its current UNK toward more UNK `` signature '' programming with UNK stars . </s>
<s> To UNK itself , UNK is also expanding international coverage and adding a second UNK program . </s>
<s> It is paying higher salaries -- after years of UNK -- to lure and keep experienced staffers . </s>
<s> And it is UNK on an expensive gamble to break major stories with a large UNK team . </s>
<s> `` The next stage is to get beyond the opinion leaders who use us as a point of reference to become a point of reference at ordinary dinner tables , '' says Jon UNK , executive vice president of UNK News , UNK 's sister network . </s>
<s> But that wo n't be easy . </s>
<s> UNK , like other consumer products , develop images in UNK ' minds that are n't easy to change . </s>
<s> It also takes money that UNK has been reluctant to spend to make programs and hire talent that viewers will tune in UNK to see . </s>
<s> And the UNK operators -- UNK 's distributors and part owners -- like things just the way they are . </s>
<s> The UNK bid is aimed at UNK 's UNK UNK -- and what may happen to it as the UNK news market grows more competitive . </s>
<s> Already , UNK is facing stronger competition from Financial News Network Inc. and General Electric Co. 's Consumer News and Business Channel , both of which are likely to pursue more general news in the future . </s>
<s> In addition , many UNK systems themselves are airing more local and regional news programs produced by local broadcast stations . </s>
<s> UNK wants to change its viewers ' habits . </s>
<s> Its watchers are , on the whole , a UNK group of UNK `` UNK '' and news UNK , who spend an average of just 26 minutes a day watching UNK , according to audience research . </s>
<s> That 's less than one-third the time that viewers watch the major broadcast networks . </s>
<s> The brief attention viewers give UNK could put it at a disadvantage as ratings data , and advertising , become more important to UNK channels . </s>
<s> UNK 's UNK habits have been UNK by its UNK . </s>
<s> Its strategy in the past has been to serve as a TV wire service . </s>
<s> It focused on building up its news UNK around the world , so as events took place it could go live UNK and longer than other networks . </s>
<s> It filled its daily schedule with UNK called `` UNK , '' `` UNK , '' `` UNK , '' and `` UNK , '' but the shows UNK little in content , UNK or look . </s>
<s> Now , the push is on for UNK shows . </s>
<s> `` Our goal is to create more programs with an individual identity , '' says Paul UNK , UNK executive vice president for programming . </s>
<s> UNK , UNK is adding a UNK show in the morning because surveys show its UNK hour in the afternoon is among its most `` UNK '' programs in viewers ' minds , says Mr. UNK . </s>
<s> And it is exploring other original programs , similar to its `` Larry King UNK '' and `` UNK '' talk shows , which executives hope will keep people UNK in . </s>
<s> Then there 's `` The World Today , '' the prime-time UNK featuring Mr. Shaw and Ms. UNK . </s>
<s> Until now , UNK has featured its Hollywood UNK show during the key evening period . </s>
<s> But 70 % of the UNK households that watch news do so between UNK p.m. and 7 p.m. , the network discovered , so UNK wants in . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK says the UNK team will probably do two live interviews a day , with most of the program , at least for now , appearing similar to UNK 's other UNK . </s>
<s> Some in the industry are skeptical . </s>
<s> `` I find it hard to UNK of people switching over to UNK for what , at least in the public 's mind , is the same news , '' says UNK Frank , the former UNK president of NBC News and UNK of the UNK Report . </s>
<s> The evening news is also slated as UNK 's stage for its big push into UNK journalism . </s>
<s> In August , the network hired UNK producer UNK Hill , the former head of news UNK at ABC . </s>
<s> She 's UNK a staff of about 35 UNK reporters who will produce weekly , UNK segments , with an eye toward breaking big stories . </s>
<s> UNK executives hope the UNK created by such UNK will generate excitement for its `` UNK '' programs , in the way `` 60 UNK '' did so well for CBS . </s>
<s> That 's such a departure from the past that many in the industry are skeptical UNK will follow through with its UNK commitment , especially after it sees the cost of producing UNK pieces . </s>
<s> `` They 've never shown any UNK to spend money on production , '' says Michael UNK , a senior producer with UNK UNK , who notes that UNK is UNK to his job . </s>
<s> The network 's salaries have always ranged far below industry standards , resulting in a UNK work force . </s>
<s> UNK recently gave most employees raises of as much as 15 % , but they 're still drastically UNK compared with the networks . </s>
<s> Says Mr. UNK : `` UNK is my wire service ; they 're on top of everything . </s>
<s> But to improve , they 've really got to make the investment in people . '' </s>
<s> In any case , UNK operators have reason to fear any UNK with UNK 's UNK . </s>
<s> They market UNK on the very UNK opportunities UNK seeks to discourage . </s>
<s> `` We would obviously be upset if those kinds of services UNK into more UNK , UNK programming , '' says Robert UNK , senior vice president , programming , of Continental UNK Inc. , which holds a 2 % stake in Turner Broadcasting . </s>
<s> The official White House reaction to a plunge in stock prices has a UNK history of UNK , right up through Friday . </s>
<s> Treasury Secretary Nicholas Brady said in a statement Friday that the stock-market decline `` does n't signal any fundamental change in the condition of the economy . '' </s>
<s> `` The economy , '' he added , `` remains UNK and the outlook is for continued moderate growth . '' </s>
<s> UNK familiar ? </s>
<s> Here 's what Ronald Reagan said after the 1987 crash : `` The underlying economy remains sound . </s>
<s> There is nothing wrong with the economy ... all the UNK are up . '' </s>
<s> UNK that before ? </s>
<s> After the 1929 crash , Herbert UNK said : `` The fundamental business of the country ... is on a sound and UNK basis . </s>
<s> UNK Inc. , following rival UNK Corp. 's lead , said it is backing out of UNK programs with three airlines . </s>
<s> The Garden City , N.Y. , UNK company said it wo n't renew contracts with NWA Inc. 's Northwest Airlines unit , Pan Am Corp. 's Pan American World Airways unit and UNK Airlines at the end of this year . </s>
<s> But it remains involved in programs with AMR Corp. 's American Airlines unit and Delta Air Lines . </s>
<s> Industry estimates put UNK 's annual cost of all five programs at between $ 8 million and $ 14 million . </s>
<s> A spokesman for UNK would n't specify the costs but said the three airlines being dropped account for `` far less than half '' of the total . </s>
<s> Budget UNK a Car Corp. , of Chicago , and National Car UNK Systems Inc. , of Minneapolis , both said they had no plans to follow suit . </s>
<s> In fact , Budget indicated it saw some benefit to staying involved in these programs , in which UNK earn UNK miles and UNK can get UNK discounts . </s>
<s> `` I can not see how this news by UNK and UNK can not benefit Budget 's programs , '' said Bob Wilson , Budget 's vice president , marketing planning . </s>
<s> Northwest and UNK are two of the five airlines with which Budget has agreements . </s>
<s> National also UNK in the Northwest UNK program along with four other airlines , including Delta and USAir Group Inc. 's USAir unit . </s>
<s> A month ago , UNK , of Park UNK , N.J. , said that it would drop its marketing agreements at year end with Delta , America West and Texas Air Corp. 's Continental Airlines and Eastern Airlines , and that UNK with American Airlines , UAL Inc 's United Airlines and USAir also would be ended ... sometime after Dec. 31 . </s>
<s> At the time , UNK said its annual fees to those airlines amounted to $ 20 million and that the value of redeemed UNK topped $ 15 million . </s>
<s> Analysts and competitors , however , doubt the numbers were that high . </s>
<s> Budget said its UNK costs are `` substantially below '' UNK 's level . </s>
<s> Robert D. UNK , UNK vice president of marketing , said , `` The proliferation and costs attached to { UNK programs } have significantly diminished their value . '' </s>
<s> This year has been difficult for both UNK and UNK , said Charles UNK , UNK industry analyst at Alex . Brown & Sons . </s>
<s> `` They 've been looking to get their costs down , and this is a fairly UNK way to do it , '' he said . </s>
<s> UNK Inc. expects fiscal second-quarter earnings to trail 1988 results , but anticipates that several new products will lead to a `` much stronger '' performance in its second half . </s>
<s> UNK , a telecommunications company , had net income of $ UNK , or five cents a share , in its year-earlier second quarter , ended Sept. 30 . </s>
<s> Revenue totaled $ 5 million . </s>
<s> George UNK , chairman and chief executive officer , said in an interview that earnings in the most recent quarter will be about two cents a share on revenue of just under $ 4 million . </s>
<s> The lower results , Mr. UNK said , reflect a 12-month decline in industry sales of privately owned pay UNK , UNK 's primary business . </s>
<s> Although Mr. UNK expects that line of business to strengthen in the next year , he said UNK will also benefit from moving into other areas . </s>
<s> UNK among those is the company 's UNK into the public facsimile business , Mr. UNK said . </s>
<s> Within the next year , UNK expects to place 10,000 UNK machines , made by UNK in Japan , in hotels , municipal buildings , UNK and other public UNK around the country . </s>
<s> UNK will provide a credit-card reader for the machines to collect , store and forward billing data . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK said UNK should realize a minimum of $ 10 of UNK net earnings for each machine each month . </s>
<s> UNK has also developed an automatic call UNK that will make further use of the company 's system for UNK and handling credit-card calls and collect calls . </s>
<s> UNK call processors will provide that system for virtually any telephone , Mr. UNK said , not just phones produced by UNK . </s>
<s> The company will also be producing a new line of convenience UNK , which do n't accept coins , for use in hotel UNK , office UNK , UNK UNK and similar UNK . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK estimated that the processors and convenience phones would produce about $ 5 of UNK net earnings for each machine each month . </s>
<s> When Justice William UNK marks the start of his UNK year on the Supreme Court today , the UNK will differ sharply from previous UNK of his tenure . </s>
<s> For the first time , the UNK justice finds his influence almost exclusively in UNK , rather than as a force in the high court 's majority . </s>
<s> This role reversal holds true , as well , for his three liberal and moderate allies , UNK UNK Marshall , Harry UNK and John Stevens . </s>
<s> But are these four players , three of them in their UNK , ready to assume a different role after 88 years , UNK , of service on the high court ? </s>
<s> Every indication is that the four are prepared to accept this new role , and the UNK that go with it , but in different ways . </s>
<s> UNK UNK and Stevens appear UNK about it ; UNK Marshall and UNK appear fighting UNK . </s>
<s> The four UNK are no newcomers to UNK , often joining forces in the past decade to UNK the court 's conservative UNK . </s>
<s> But always , in years past , they have UNK the trend and have been able to pick up a fifth vote to UNK out a number of major UNK in civil rights and UNK cases . </s>
<s> Now , however , as the court 's new UNK conservative majority continues to UNK , UNK for the liberals are rare . </s>
<s> The change is most dramatic for Justice UNK , the last UNK of the UNK liberal majority under Chief Justice UNK Warren . </s>
<s> In the seven Supreme Court terms from the fall of UNK through the spring of 1967 , the UNK of the Warren Court 's power , Justice UNK cast only 25 UNK votes in UNK cases decided by the court . </s>
<s> Last term alone he cast 52 UNK votes in UNK decisions , with the UNK UNK ruling as his only big victory . </s>
<s> But Justice UNK UNK his new role , strongly defending the importance of UNK in a 1985 speech . </s>
<s> `` Each time the court UNK an issue , the UNK will be forced by a UNK to reconsider the fundamental questions and to UNK the result , '' he said . </s>
<s> Moreover , in recent months he has said that when he was on the winning side in the 1960s , he knew that the tables might turn in the future . </s>
<s> He has said that he now knows how Justice John UNK felt , a reference to the late conservative justice who was the most frequent UNK from the Warren Court 's opinions . </s>
<s> Associates of UNK Justice Marshall say he was `` depressed '' about the court 's direction last spring , but is UNK about his role and determined to speak out against the court 's cutbacks in civil rights . </s>
<s> `` We could sweep it under the UNK and hide it , but I 'm not going to do it , '' he said in a speech last month . </s>
<s> He , like Justice UNK , considers UNK highly important for the future , a point that has n't escaped legal scholars . </s>
<s> Harvard Law School UNK Laurence UNK says there is a `` UNK '' flavor to current UNK . </s>
<s> The UNK in the Warren Court , he says , appeared to be writing for the short-term , suggesting that the court 's direction might change soon . </s>
<s> `` UNK and Marshall are speaking in their UNK to a more distant future , '' he says . </s>
<s> Justice UNK , who will turn 81 next month , also seems UNK about his new role . </s>
<s> Associates say he takes some UNK more personally than his colleagues , especially attempts to curtail the right to abortion first recognized in his 1973 opinion , Roe vs. Wade . </s>
<s> UNK and associates who saw Justice UNK during the summer said he was no more UNK about the court than in recent years . </s>
<s> And his outlook improved after successful UNK surgery in August . </s>
<s> But his level of frustration showed in a recent , UNK speech to a group of hundreds of lawyers in Chicago . </s>
<s> He concluded his remarks by UNK , UNK and at some length , according to those present , the late Martin UNK King 's famous `` I Have a UNK '' speech from the 1963 March on Washington . </s>
<s> Justice Stevens , 69 , is probably the most UNK of the UNK about his role , in part because he may be the least liberal of the four , but also because he enjoys the intellectual challenge of arguing with the majority more than the others . </s>
<s> If the role these four UNK are assuming is a familiar one in modern Supreme Court history , it also UNK in an important way from recent history , court watchers say . </s>
<s> `` The UNK of the Warren Court were often defending a legal UNK that they inherited , '' says Prof. UNK Dick Howard of the University of Virginia Law School , `` but the UNK today are defending a UNK that they created . </s>
<s> On a recent Saturday night , in the midst of West Germany 's most popular prime-time show , a UNK bet the host that she could name any of 100 different UNK after just one UNK , while UNK . </s>
<s> The woman won the bet . </s>
<s> But perhaps even more remarkable , the UNK , `` UNK UNK '' ( Make a UNK ) , regularly wins the top UNK in the country 's TV ratings , sometimes drawing as many as 50 % of West German households . </s>
<s> As the 1992 economic integration approaches , Europe 's cultural UNK have taken to the UNK against American `` cultural UNK , '' threatening to impose quotas against such pop UNK as `` Dallas , '' `` Miami Vice '' and `` L.A. Law . '' </s>
<s> But much of what the Europeans want to protect seems every bit as UNK as what they are trying to keep out . </s>
<s> The most UNK opposition to American TV imports has come from French television and movie producers , who have demanded quotas ensuring that a full 60 % of Europe 's TV shows be produced in Europe . </s>
<s> So far , the French have failed to win enough broad-based support to prevail . </s>
<s> A UNK through the television UNK and a few UNK of the European television UNK suggest one reason why . </s>
<s> While there are some popular action and drama series , few UNK the high culture and UNK production values one might expect . </s>
<s> More European air time is filled with UNK game shows , variety hours , movies and talk shows , many of which are authorized UNK of their American counterparts . </s>
<s> One of France 's most popular Saturday night programs features UNK seeking out their UNK UNK for UNK UNK . </s>
<s> A UNK game show has as its host a Belgian UNK to be Italian . </s>
<s> One of Italy 's favorite shows , `` UNK , '' a UNK variety show , is so popular that viewers UNK to buy a UNK product , `` UNK UNK , '' whose UNK were UNK each week by UNK UNK -- even though the product did n't exist . </s>
<s> UNK the UNK UNK , on another typical evening of fun on `` UNK UNK , '' a UNK won a bet with the show 's host , Thomas UNK , that he could identify 300 German UNK over the telephone . </s>
<s> A UNK guest , U.S. UNK to West Germany Richard Burt , also won a bet that someone could UNK up $ 150 worth of quarters on a UNK UNK . </s>
<s> Mr. Burt nonetheless paid the penalty as if he had lost , agreeing to spend a day with West German Foreign Minister UNK UNK UNK and selling their combined weight in UNK UNK . </s>
<s> If this seems like pretty weak stuff around which to raise the UNK barriers , it may be because these shows need all the protection they can get . </s>
<s> European programs usually target only their own local audience , and often only a small portion of that . </s>
<s> UNK in Germany or Italy rarely make it even to France or Great Britain , and almost never show up on U.S. screens . </s>
<s> UNK to produce `` UNK '' programs have generally resulted in disappointment . </s>
<s> One annual UNK , the UNK `` UNK UNK UNK , '' featuring UNK UNK from each of 20 European countries , has been described as the world 's most boring TV show . </s>
<s> Another , `` UNK UNK UNK , '' where UNK from UNK European countries make UNK of themselves performing UNK tasks , is a hit in France . </s>
<s> A UNK UNK under the title `` Almost UNK UNK '' UNK fast . </s>
<s> For the most part , what 's made here stays here , and for good reason . </s>
<s> The UNK of the British crop , the literary UNK that are shown on U.S. public television as `` UNK UNK , '' make up a relatively small part of British air time . </s>
<s> Most British programming is more of an acquired taste . </s>
<s> There is , for instance , `` One Man and His UNK , '' a UNK contest among UNK dogs . </s>
<s> Also UNK to the British are hours of UNK UNK , even more hours of lawn bowling UNK and still more hours of UNK UNK . </s>
<s> European drama has had better , though still mixed , fortunes . </s>
<s> The most popular such shows focus on narrow national concerns . </s>
<s> A French UNK of `` Dallas , '' called `` UNK '' and set in a French UNK , had a good run in France , which ended after the female lead was injured in a UNK auto accident . </s>
<s> `` UNK , '' ( Black Forest UNK ) , a kind of German `` UNK . Elsewhere '' set in a health UNK , is popular in Germany , and has spread into France . </s>
<s> Italy 's most popular series is a drama called `` La UNK , '' or `` The UNK , '' which UNK the fight of an UNK young investigator in UNK against the UNK . </s>
<s> It was UNK news in Italy earlier this year when the UNK inspector was UNK down in the series . </s>
<s> Spain 's most popular UNK this year was `` UNK , '' the story of an aging UNK . </s>
<s> `` The trend is pretty well established now that local programs are the most popular , with American programs second , '' says Brian UNK , a former director of programs for the British Broadcasting Corp . </s>
<s> `` Given a choice , everybody will watch a UNK show . '' </s>
<s> But frequently there is n't much choice . </s>
<s> Thus , Europe has begun the recent UNK to produce more UNK shows of its own , programs with broader appeal . </s>
<s> `` We 've basically got to start from UNK , to train writers and producers to make shows that other people will want to see , '' concedes UNK Young , head of Britain 's National Film UNK School . </s>
<s> While some in the U.S. contend that advertising is the UNK of television , here many believe that its absence is to blame for the European TV industry 's sluggish development . </s>
<s> Until recently , national governments in Europe controlled most of the air time and allowed little or no advertising . </s>
<s> Since production costs were guaranteed , it did n't matter that a program could n't be sold abroad or put into UNK , as most American programs are . </s>
<s> But not much money was spent on the shows , either , a situation that encouraged UNK talk and game shows , while discouraging UNK UNK . </s>
<s> Now , however , commercial channels are coming to most European countries , and at the same time , satellite and cable technology is spreading rapidly . </s>
<s> Just last week , Greece authorized two commercial channels for the first time ; Spain earlier began to allow commercial television UNK its state channels . </s>
<s> The result is a new and huge appetite for programming . </s>
<s> But perhaps to the UNK of those calling for quotas , most of this UNK is likely to be filled with the UNK and most UNK programming now available -- reruns -- usually of shows made in the U.S. . </s>
<s> UNK Channel , a UNK venture of UNK press UNK UNK Murdoch , offers what must be a UNK cultural mix to most of its audience . </s>
<s> The financially struggling station offers programs obviously made available UNK from its boss 's other ventures . </s>
<s> In a Madrid hotel room recently , a UNK caught the end of a badly acted series about a fishing boat on Australia 's Great UNK UNK , only to be urged by the British announcer to `` stay UNK for the further UNK of UNK the UNK . '' </s>
<s> UNK UNK in Bonn , UNK UNK in Milan , Tim UNK in London and UNK UNK in Madrid contributed to this article . </s>
<s> UNK Steel Industries Inc. expects to report that third-quarter earnings dropped more than 50 % from the previous quarter as a result of reduced sales volume and increased costs . </s>
<s> In the second quarter , the steelmaker had net income of $ UNK million or $ 1.25 a share , including a pretax charge of $ 17 million related to the settlement of a suit , on sales of $ 1.11 billion . </s>
<s> The company said normal seasonal softness and lost orders caused by prolonged labor talks reduced shipments by 200,000 tons in the latest quarter , compared with the second quarter . </s>
<s> At the same time , the UNK business was hurt by continued increases in materials costs and repair and maintenance expenses , as well as higher labor costs under its new contract . </s>
<s> The UNK business was hurt by reduced margins and start-up costs associated with its Joseph T. UNK & UNK unit . </s>
<s> The company said it is beginning to see some UNK improvements in both the UNK and UNK segments , which should result in improved results for the fourth quarter . </s>
<s> UNK said its third-quarter results will be announced later this week . </s>
<s> In the year-earlier third quarter , when the industry was in the midst of a boom , the company had net of $ 61 million , or $ UNK a share , on sales of $ 1.02 billion . </s>
<s> UNK Corp. completed the sale of its A. UNK & Co. subsidiary , a men 's luxury UNK , to UNK Investments . </s>
<s> Terms were n't disclosed . </s>
<s> As UNK 's `` core business of UNK retailing grows , a small subsidiary that is UNK unrelated becomes a difficult UNK , '' said UNK UNK , president of the parent , in a statement . </s>
<s> A spokeswoman said UNK operates a total of seven stores in the U.S. and overseas . </s>
<s> UNK operates 25 UNK apparel stores in the U.S. . </s>
<s> When the price of plastics took off in 1987 , Quantum Chemical Corp. went along for the ride . </s>
<s> The timing of Quantum 's chief executive officer , John UNK UNK , appeared to be nothing less than inspired , because he had just increased Quantum 's reliance on plastics . </s>
<s> The company UNK much of the chemical industry as annual profit grew UNK in two years . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK said of the boom , `` It 's going to last a whole lot longer than anybody thinks . '' </s>
<s> But now prices have UNK and Quantum 's profit is UNK . </s>
<s> Some securities analysts are looking for no better than UNK results from the company for the third quarter , compared with year-earlier profit of $ UNK million , or $ UNK a share , on sales of $ UNK million . </s>
<s> The stock , having lost nearly a quarter of its value since Sept. 1 , closed at $ UNK share , down $ 1.125 , in New York Stock Exchange composite trading Friday . </s>
<s> To a degree , Quantum represents the new times that have arrived for producers of the so-called commodity plastics that UNK modern life . </s>
<s> Having just passed through one of the most profitable periods in their history , these producers now see their prices UNK . </s>
<s> UNK cycles , to be sure , are nothing new for plastics producers . </s>
<s> And the financial decline of some looks steep only in comparison with the UNK period that is just behind them . </s>
<s> `` We were all UNK UNK last year , '' says an executive at one of Quantum 's competitors . </s>
<s> `` Now we 're at the bottom of the UNK . '' </s>
<s> At Quantum , which is based in New York , the trouble is UNK by the company 's heavy UNK on plastics . </s>
<s> Once known as National UNK & Chemical Corp. , the company UNK the wine and spirits business and UNK more of its resources into plastics after Mr. UNK took the chief executive 's job in 1986 . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK , 59 years old , declined to be interviewed for this article , but he has consistently argued that over the long haul -- across both the UNK and the UNK of the plastics market -- Quantum will UNK through its new direction . </s>
<s> Quantum 's lot is mostly tied to polyethylene UNK , used to make UNK bags , milk UNK , UNK , UNK and meat packaging , among other items . </s>
<s> In the U.S. polyethylene market , Quantum has claimed the largest share , about 20 % . </s>
<s> But its competitors -- including Dow Chemical Co. , Union Carbide Corp. and several oil giants -- have much broader business interests and so are better UNK against price swings . </s>
<s> When the price of polyethylene moves a mere penny a pound , Quantum 's annual profit UNK by about 85 cents a share , provided no other UNK are changing . </s>
<s> In recent months the price of polyethylene , even more than that of other commodity plastics , has taken a dive . </s>
<s> UNK grades , which still sold for as much as 50 cents a pound last spring , have skidded to between 35 cents and 40 cents . </s>
<s> Meanwhile , the price of UNK , the chemical building block of polyethylene , has n't dropped nearly so fast . </s>
<s> That UNK UNK Quantum badly , because its own plants cover only about half of its UNK needs . </s>
<s> By many accounts , an early UNK of a price UNK in the making came at the start of this year . </s>
<s> China , which had been putting in huge orders for polyethylene , abruptly halted them . </s>
<s> UNK that excess polyethylene would soon be UNK around the world , other buyers then bet that prices had peaked and so began to draw down inventories rather than order new product . </s>
<s> Kenneth Mitchell , director of Dow 's polyethylene business , says producers were surprised to learn how much inventories had swelled throughout the distribution chain as prices UNK up . </s>
<s> `` People were even UNK bags , '' he says . </s>
<s> Now producers hope prices have hit bottom . </s>
<s> They recently announced increases of a few cents a pound to take effect in the next several weeks . </s>
<s> No one knows , however , whether the new posted prices will stick once producers and customers start to UNK . </s>
<s> One UNK is George UNK , a UNK analyst at Oppenheimer & Co. and a bear on plastics stocks . </s>
<s> UNK others ' estimates of when price increases can be sustained , he remarks , `` Some say October . </s>
<s> Some say November . </s>
<s> I say 1992 . '' </s>
<s> He argues that efforts to firm up prices will be undermined by producers ' plans to expand production capacity . </s>
<s> A quick turnaround is crucial to Quantum because its cash requirements remain heavy . </s>
<s> The company is trying to carry out a three-year , $ 1.3 billion UNK program started this year . </s>
<s> At the same time , its annual payments on long-term debt will more than double from a year ago to about $ 240 million , largely because of debt taken on to pay a $ UNK special dividend earlier this year . </s>
<s> Quantum described the UNK at the time as a way for it to share the UNK with its holders , because its stock price was n't reflecting the huge profit increases . </s>
<s> Some analysts saw the payment as an effort also to UNK takeover speculation . </s>
<s> Whether a cash crunch might eventually force the company to cut its quarterly dividend , raised 36 % to 75 cents a share only a year ago , has become a topic of intense speculation on Wall Street since Mr. UNK UNK dividend questions in a Sept. 29 meeting with analysts . </s>
<s> Some viewed his response -- that company directors review the dividend regularly -- as nothing more than the standard line from executives . </s>
<s> But others came away thinking he had given something less than his usual UNK performance . </s>
<s> In any case , on the day of the meeting , Quantum 's shares slid $ UNK to $ UNK in Big Board trading . </s>
<s> On top of everything else , Quantum UNK a disaster at its plant in Morris , Ill . </s>
<s> After an explosion UNK the plant in June , the company UNK in September to within 12 hours of completing the UNK process of UNK it . </s>
<s> Then a second explosion occurred . </s>
<s> Two workers died and six remain in the hospital . </s>
<s> This human toll adds the most painful UNK yet to the sudden change in Quantum 's fortunes . </s>
<s> Until this year , the company had been steadily lowering its accident rate and picking up UNK safety UNK . </s>
<s> A prolonged production halt at the plant could introduce another UNK into Quantum 's financial future . </s>
<s> When a plant has just been running flat out to meet demand , UNK lost profit and thus claims under UNK insurance is UNK . </s>
<s> But the numbers become UNK -- and subject to UNK between insured and insurer -- when demand is shifting . </s>
<s> `` You say you could have sold UNK percent of this product and UNK percent of that , '' recalls UNK UNK , an analyst at Shearson Lehman Hutton who went through this exercise during his former career as a chemical engineer . </s>
<s> `` And then you still have to negotiate . '' </s>
<s> Quantum hopes the Morris plant , where limited production got under way last week , will resume full operation by year 's end . </s>
<s> The plant usually accounts for 20 % to 25 % of Quantum 's polyethylene production and 50 % of its UNK production . </s>
<s> Not everything looks grim for Quantum . </s>
<s> The plant expansion should strengthen the company 's UNK in the polyethylene business , where market share is often taken through sheer capacity . </s>
<s> By UNK UNK production , the expansion will also lower the company 's raw material costs . </s>
<s> Quantum is also UNK its grip on its one large business outside chemicals , UNK marketing . </s>
<s> Through a venture with its investment banker , First Boston Corp. , Quantum completed in August an acquisition of UNK Inc. in a transaction valued at $ 1.18 billion . </s>
<s> UNK is the second-largest UNK distributor in the U.S. . </s>
<s> The largest , UNK UNK , was already owned by Quantum . </s>
<s> Still , Quantum has a crisis to get past right now . </s>
<s> Some analysts speculate the weakening stock may yet attract a suitor . </s>
<s> The name UNK in rumors is British Petroleum Co. , which is looking to expand its polyethylene business in the U.S. . </s>
<s> Asked about a bid for Quantum , a UNK spokesman says , `` We pretty much have a policy of not commenting on rumors , and I think that falls in that category . </s>
<s> UNK of Call Inc. reached agreements to sell its remaining seven aircraft to buyers that were n't disclosed . </s>
<s> The agreements bring to a total of nine the number of planes the travel company has sold this year as part of a restructuring . </s>
<s> The company said a portion of the $ 32 million realized from the sales will be used to repay its bank debt and other obligations resulting from the currently suspended UNK operations . </s>
<s> Earlier the company announced it would sell its aging fleet of Boeing Co. UNK because of increasing maintenance costs . </s>
<s> Sharp increases in the price of fresh produce caused Spain 's September consumer price index to UNK up 1.1 % from the previous month , pushing the annual rate of inflation to 6.8 % , the National Institute of Statistics said Friday . </s>
<s> The monthly increase is the highest recorded in the past four years . </s>
<s> The index , which registered UNK at the end of September , has a base of 100 set in 1983 and is n't seasonally adjusted . </s>
<s> Prices have risen 5.9 % in the first nine months of the year , UNK both the initial 3 % inflation goal set by the government of Socialist Prime Minister UNK Gonzalez and the second , revised goal of 5.8 % . </s>
<s> Of all the ethnic UNK in America , which is the most troublesome right now ? </s>
<s> A good bet would be the tension between blacks and UNK in New York City . </s>
<s> Or so it must seem to UNK Mason , the veteran Jewish UNK appearing in a new ABC UNK airing on Tuesday nights ( UNK p.m. EDT ) . </s>
<s> Not only is Mr. Mason the star of `` UNK Soup , '' he 's also the UNK of a UNK tradition UNK back to `` UNK Soup , '' and he 's currently a man in hot water . </s>
<s> Here , in UNK language , is the UNK of Mr. Mason 's remarks , quoted first in the UNK Voice while he was a paid spokesman for the Rudolph Giuliani mayoral campaign , and then in Newsweek after he and the campaign UNK company . </s>
<s> Mr. Mason said that many Jewish voters feel guilty toward blacks , so they support black candidates UNK . </s>
<s> He said that many black voters feel bitter about racial discrimination , so they , too , support black candidates UNK . </s>
<s> He said that UNK have contributed more to black causes over the years than vice UNK . </s>
<s> Of course , Mr. Mason did not use UNK language . </s>
<s> As a UNK of ethnic humor from the old days on the UNK UNK , live television and the UNK circuit , Mr. Mason UNK reached for the UNK . </s>
<s> He said UNK were `` sick with UNK '' ; and he called David Dinkins , Mr. Giuliani 's black opponent , `` a fancy UNK with a UNK . '' </s>
<s> If Mr. Mason had used less UNK language to UNK his UNK analysis of the voting behavior of his fellow New UNK , would the water be quite so hot ? </s>
<s> It probably would , because few or none of the people upset by Mr. Mason 's remarks have bothered to UNK between the substance of his comments and the fact that he used UNK language . </s>
<s> In addition , some of Mr. Mason 's critics have implied that his type of ethnic humor is itself a form of UNK . </s>
<s> For example , the New York state counsel for the UNK said that Mr. Mason is `` like a UNK . </s>
<s> People are fast leaving the place where he is stuck . '' </s>
<s> These critics fail to UNK between the type of ethnic humor that aims at UNK another group , such as `` Polish jokes '' ; and the type that is UNK , aiming UNK as well as UNK . </s>
<s> The latter typically is the humor of the UNK , and it was UNK by both blacks and UNK on the UNK and UNK stage as a means of UNK their white and UNK audiences along with themselves . </s>
<s> In the hands of a UNK like UNK Bruce , this UNK UNK could cut both the UNK and the audience to UNK . </s>
<s> But UNK by a pro like UNK Mason , it is a UNK form of UNK . </s>
<s> Why UNK ? </s>
<s> Because despite all the media UNK about comedy and politics not UNK , they are similar in one respect : Both can serve as UNK for easing UNK and UNK the UNK of groups in conflict . </s>
<s> That 's why it 's dangerous to have UNK thought police , on college UNK and elsewhere , UNK all critical mention of group differences . </s>
<s> As Elizabeth UNK wrote in the New York Times just before the Mason UNK , `` Perhaps UNK would not UNK over with such intensity if honest differences were allowed to UNK . '' </s>
<s> The question is , if group conflicts still exist ( as UNK they do ) , and if Mr. Mason 's type of ethnic humor is UNK , then what other means do we have for letting off steam ? </s>
<s> Do n't say the TV UNK , because that happens to be a UNK that , in its desperate need to attract everybody and UNK nobody , UNK politics more than it does comedy . </s>
<s> It is true that the best UNK do allow group differences to UNK : UNK vs. UNK UNK in `` UNK '' ; children vs. adults in `` The Cosby Show . '' </s>
<s> But these are not the differences that make UNK . </s>
<s> In `` UNK Soup , '' Mr. Mason plays UNK , a Jewish UNK UNK UNK ( Lynn UNK ) , an UNK widow and mother of three , against the wishes of his mother ( UNK UNK ) and her brother Michael ( UNK UNK ) . </s>
<s> It 's worth noting that both UNK UNK are UNK . </s>
<s> At least , they both speak with strong UNK , as do UNK and UNK . </s>
<s> It could n't be more obvious that `` UNK Soup '' is being made from an old UNK . </s>
<s> And a safe one -- imagine if the UNK in question were between an UNK UNK and a member of the UNK of UNK . </s>
<s> Back in the 1920s , the play and movie versions of `` UNK 's UNK Rose '' made the theme of UNK between the UNK UNK of Jewish and UNK UNK so popular that its author , Anne UNK , lost a UNK suit on the grounds that the plot has entered the public UNK . </s>
<s> And it has remained there , as UNK by its UNK in a 1972 CBS UNK called `` UNK UNK UNK , '' whose sole UNK was that it led to the UNK marriage of Meredith UNK and David UNK . </s>
<s> Clearly , the question with `` UNK Soup '' is not whether the UNK will UNK over , but whether it will UNK at all . </s>
<s> So far , the UNK have been few and far between . </s>
<s> Part of the problem is the tendency of all UNK , ever since the UNK days of Norman UNK , to UNK about social issues . </s>
<s> To some extent , this tendency emerges whenever the show tries to UNK us about ethnic UNK by UNK them . </s>
<s> For instance , Michael UNK UNK not because he 's a UNK Jewish businessman , but because he UNK his UNK job as a salesman in order to become a social worker . </s>
<s> Even more UNK is the UNK between UNK UNK and Mr. Mason 's comic UNK . </s>
<s> The best moments in the show occur at the beginning and the end ( and occasionally in the middle ) , when Mr. Mason UNK into his UNK UNK and starts UNK out that UNK Jewish UNK to other people as well as to himself . </s>
<s> But too often , these UNK lack spark because this UNK , like all UNK , is UNK about UNK Mr. Mason 's stock in trade - ethnic differences . </s>
<s> I 'm not suggesting that the producers start putting together episodes about topics like the UNK dispute over the UNK UNK at UNK . </s>
<s> That issue , like racial UNK in New York City , will have to cool down , not heat up , before it can UNK . </s>
<s> But I am suggesting that they stop requiring Mr. Mason to UNK his classic UNK with some line about `` UNK for other people '' that would sound UNK on the UNK of Miss America . </s>
<s> At your age , UNK , you ought to know that you ca n't make UNK without turning up the UNK . </s>
<s> Salomon Brothers International Ltd. , a British subsidiary of Salomon Inc. , announced it will issue warrants on shares of Hong Kong Telecommunications Ltd . </s>
<s> The move closely follows a similar offer by Salomon of warrants for shares of UNK & UNK Banking Corp . </s>
<s> Under the latest offer , HK$ 62.5 million ( US$ 8 million ) of three-year warrants will be issued in London , each giving buyers the right to buy one Hong Kong Telecommunications share at a price to be determined Friday . </s>
<s> The 50 million warrants will be priced at HK$ 1.25 each and are expected to carry a premium to the share price of about 26 % . </s>
<s> In trading on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong , the shares closed Wednesday at HK$ UNK each . </s>
<s> At this price , the shares would have to rise above HK$ UNK for subscribers to Salomon 's issue to UNK convert their warrants . </s>
<s> While Hong Kong companies have in the past issued warrants on their own shares , Salomon 's warrants are the first here to be issued by a third party . </s>
<s> Salomon will `` cover '' the warrants by buying sufficient shares , or options to purchase shares , to cover its entire position . </s>
<s> Bankers said warrants for Hong Kong stocks are attractive because they give foreign investors , wary of volatility in the colony 's stock market , an opportunity to buy shares without taking too great a risk . </s>
<s> The Hong Kong Telecommunications warrants should be attractive to buyers in Europe , the bankers added , because the group is one of a handful of blue-chip stocks on the Hong Kong market that has international appeal . </s>
<s> UNK UNK may soon be replaced by UNK in the UNK room . </s>
<s> Procter & Gamble Co. plans to begin testing next month a UNK UNK that will require only a few UNK per UNK . </s>
<s> The move stems from UNK learned in Japan where local competitors have had UNK success with concentrated UNK . </s>
<s> It also marks P&G 's growing concern that its Japanese rivals , such as UNK Corp. , may bring their UNK to the U.S. . </s>
<s> The Cincinnati UNK giant got UNK two years ago in Japan when UNK introduced a powerful UNK , called UNK , which quickly won a 30 % stake in the Japanese markets . </s>
<s> `` They do n't want to get caught again , '' says one industry UNK . </s>
<s> UNK in Phoenix , Ariz. , say P&G 's new UNK UNK -- to be called UNK with Color Guard -- will be on UNK in that market by early November . </s>
<s> A P&G spokeswoman confirmed that shipments to Phoenix started late last month . </s>
<s> She said the company will study results from this market before expanding to others . </s>
<s> UNK are n't entirely new for P&G . </s>
<s> The company introduced a UNK UNK UNK in Japan after watching the success of UNK . </s>
<s> When UNK hit the UNK in 1987 , P&G 's share of the Japanese market fell to about 8 % from more than 20 % . </s>
<s> With the help of UNK UNK , P&G 's share is now estimated to be 12 % . </s>
<s> While the Japanese have embraced the compact packaging and convenience of concentrated products , the true test for P&G will be in the $ 4 billion U.S. UNK market , where growth is slow and UNK have gained UNK over UNK . </s>
<s> The company may have chosen to market the product under the UNK name since it 's already expanded its UNK UNK into 16 different UNK , including this year 's big hit , UNK with UNK . </s>
<s> With UNK , however , it is n't always easy to persuade consumers that less is more ; many people tend to dump too much UNK into the UNK machine , UNK that it takes a cup of UNK to really clean the UNK . </s>
<s> In the early 1980s , P&G tried to launch here a concentrated UNK under the UNK brand name that it markets in Europe . </s>
<s> But the product , which was n't as concentrated as the new UNK , UNK in a market test in Denver and was dropped . </s>
<s> P&G and others also have tried repeatedly to hook consumers on UNK and fabric UNK UNK in UNK , but they have n't sold well , despite the convenience . </s>
<s> But P&G contends the new UNK is a unique formula that also offers an UNK that prevents colors from UNK . </s>
<s> And retailers are expected to UNK the product , in part because it will take up less shelf space . </s>
<s> `` When shelf space was cheap , bigger was better , '' says UNK UNK , an analyst at Salomon UNK . </s>
<s> But with so many brands UNK for space , that 's no longer the case . </s>
<s> If the new UNK sells well , the trend toward smaller packaging is likely to accelerate as competitors follow with their own UNK . </s>
<s> Then retailers `` will probably push the { UNK } brands out altogether , '' he says . </s>
<s> UNK is bound to get tougher if UNK UNK a product like UNK in the U.S. . </s>
<s> To be sure , UNK would n't have an easy time taking U.S. market share away from the UNK P&G , which has about 23 % of the market . </s>
<s> UNK officials previously have said they are interested in selling UNK in the U.S. , but so far the company has focused on acquisitions , such as last year 's purchase of Andrew UNK Co. , a Cincinnati UNK maker . </s>
<s> It also has a UNK facility in California . </s>
<s> Some believe P&G 's interest in a UNK UNK goes beyond the concern for the Japanese . </s>
<s> `` This is something P&G would do with or without UNK , '' says Mr. UNK . </s>
<s> The following were among Friday 's offerings and pricings in the U.S. and non-U.S. capital markets , with terms and syndicate manager , as compiled by Dow Jones Capital Markets Report : </s>
<s> Dow Chemical Co. -- </s>
<s> $ 150 million of 8.55 % senior notes due Oct. 15 , 2009 , priced at par . </s>
<s> The issue , which is UNK back to the company at par on Oct. 15 , 1999 , was priced at a spread of 50 basis points above the Treasury 's 10-year note . </s>
<s> Rated single-A-1 by Moody 's Investors Service Inc. and single-A by Standard & Poor 's Corp. , the UNK issue will be sold through underwriters led by Merrill Lynch Capital Markets . </s>
<s> UNK Capital Corp. -- </s>
<s> $ 150 million of 9 % debentures due Oct. 15 , 2019 , priced at UNK to yield UNK % . </s>
<s> The UNK issue , which can be put back to the company in 1999 , was priced at 99 basis points above the Treasury 's 10-year note . </s>
<s> Rated UNK by Moody 's and UNK by S&P , the issue will be sold through underwriters led by Morgan Stanley & Co . </s>
<s> Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp. -- </s>
<s> $ 500 million of Remic mortgage securities offered in 13 classes by Prudential-Bache Securities Inc . </s>
<s> The offering , Series 102 , backed by Freddie Mac 8 1\/2 % securities with a weighted average remaining term to maturity of UNK years , was priced before the market 's afternoon surge . </s>
<s> Among classes for which details were available , yields ranged from UNK % , or 75 basis points over two-year Treasury securities , to UNK % , or 200 basis points over 10-year Treasurys . </s>
<s> Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp. -- </s>
<s> $ 300 million of Remic mortgage securities offered by Citicorp Securities Markets Inc . </s>
<s> The offering , Series 101 , is backed by Freddie Mac 9 1\/2 % securities . </s>
<s> UNK details were n't immediately available . </s>
<s> Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp. -- </s>
<s> $ 200 million of stripped mortgage securities underwritten by UNK Securities Corp . </s>
<s> The agency 's first strips issue , UNK by Freddie Mac 8 % securities UNK into a single security called a Giant , will be divided into UNK and UNK securities . </s>
<s> The collateral is being sold by a thrift institution . </s>
<s> The UNK securities will be UNK by UNK Securities into a Freddie Mac Remic , Series 103 , that will have six classes . </s>
<s> The UNK securities will be sold separately by UNK Securities . </s>
<s> The UNK securities pay the principal from the underlying Freddie Mac 8 % securities , while the UNK securities pay only interest . </s>
<s> Freddie Mac said the UNK securities were priced at 58 1\/4 to yield 8.45 % , assuming an average life of eight years and a UNK of 160 % of the UNK model . </s>
<s> The UNK securities were priced at 35 1\/2 to yield UNK % . </s>
<s> There were no major UNK or foreign bond offerings in Europe Friday . </s>
<s> Time magazine , in a move to reduce the costs of UNK new subscribers , is lowering its circulation guarantee to advertisers for the second consecutive year , increasing its UNK rates and cutting back on merchandise UNK . </s>
<s> In an announcement to its staff last week , executives at Time Warner Inc. 's weekly magazine said Time will `` dramatically UNK '' its use of electronic UNK such as UNK in television UNK drives ; cut the circulation it guarantees advertisers by 300,000 , to four million ; and increase the cost of its annual UNK rate by about $ 4 to $ 55 . </s>
<s> In a related development , the UNK , for the fourth year in a row , said it wo n't increase its advertising rates in 1990 ; a full , UNK page in the magazine costs about $ UNK . </s>
<s> However , because the guaranteed circulation base is being lowered , ad rates will be effectively 7.5 % higher per subscriber , according to Richard UNK , Time associate publisher . </s>
<s> Time is following the course of some other UNK magazines that in recent years have challenged the publishing UNK that maintaining UNK high , and expensive , UNK is the way to draw advertisers . </s>
<s> In recent years , UNK 's Digest , New York Times Co. 's McCall 's , and most recently News Corp. 's TV UNK , have cut their massive circulation rate bases to eliminate marginal circulation and hold down rates for advertisers . </s>
<s> UNK discounts in UNK and offers of free UNK UNK and watches have become accepted forms of attracting new subscribers in the UNK world of magazine UNK . </s>
<s> But Time , as part of the more UNK Time Warner , wants to UNK itself away from expensive UNK . </s>
<s> Besides , Time executives think selling a news magazine with a UNK radio is UNK . </s>
<s> `` UNK just give people the wrong image , '' said Mr. UNK . </s>
<s> `` That perception takes the focus off the magazine . '' </s>
<s> Time magazine executives UNK UNK the circulation cut as a show of strength and actually a benefit to advertisers . </s>
<s> `` What we are doing is UNK out the readers who are only UNK related to the magazine and do n't really read it , '' said Mr. UNK . </s>
<s> `` We are trying to create quality and involvement . '' </s>
<s> However , Time executives used the same explanation when in October 1988 the magazine cut its guaranteed circulation from 4.6 million to 4.3 million . </s>
<s> And Time 's paid circulation , according to UNK Bureau of UNK , dropped 7.3 % to UNK in the six months ended June 30 , 1989 . </s>
<s> Still , Time 's move is being received well , once again . </s>
<s> `` It 's UNK for advertisers to know the reader will be paying more , '' said Michael UNK , national media director at UNK Inc. ad agency . </s>
<s> `` A few drops in circulation are of no UNK . </s>
<s> It 's not a show of weakness ; they are improving the quality of circulation while UNK their profits . '' </s>
<s> Mr. UNK said the changes represent a new focus in the magazine industry : a magazine 's net revenue per subscriber , or the actual revenue from subscribers after discounts and the cost of premiums have been stripped away . </s>
<s> `` The question is how much are we getting from each reader , '' said Mr. UNK . </s>
<s> Time 's rivals UNK , Washington Post Co. 's Newsweek and U.S. News & World Report , are less UNK on electronic UNK , and in recent years both have been increasing their circulation rate bases . </s>
<s> Both magazines are expected to announce their ad rates and circulation levels for 1990 within a month . </s>
<s> PSE Inc. said it expects to report third earnings of $ 1.3 million to $ 1.7 million , or 14 cents to 18 cents a share . </s>
<s> In the year-ago quarter , the designer and operator of UNK and waste heat recovery plants had net income of $ UNK , or four cents a share , on revenue of about $ UNK million . </s>
<s> The company said the improvement is related to additional UNK facilities that have been put into operation . </s>
<s> The West German retailer UNK Deutsche UNK AG plans to challenge the UNK of a widely employed anti-takeover defense of companies in the Netherlands . </s>
<s> The eventual court decision could become a UNK in Dutch corporate law because the lawsuit UNK plans to file would be the first to challenge the entire principle and practice of companies issuing voting preferred shares to UNK UNK to UNK voting power of common stockholders . </s>
<s> Up to now only specific aspects of these defenses have been challenged , though unsuccessfully , UNK 's Dutch lawyers noted . </s>
<s> Should the courts UNK the UNK of this type of defense , UNK will then ask the court to UNK such a UNK maneuver recently UNK by UNK UNK UNK . </s>
<s> UNK says the UNK international food retailer had n't reasonable grounds to issue preferred stock to a friendly trust and thus UNK the worth and voting power of UNK and other shareholders . </s>
<s> UNK through its Dutch lawyers , UNK also disclosed it holds a 15 % stake in UNK . </s>
<s> It was previously thought UNK held a 13.6 % stake that was UNK since July . </s>
<s> A spokesman for UNK said his company is confident of its own position and the UNK of the UNK issue . </s>
<s> He termed UNK 's legal actions as `` UNK '' to international cooperation among European retailers . </s>
<s> Alan UNK , 52 years old , was named chairman of this UNK of prescription claims , succeeding Thomas W. Field Jr. , 55 , who resigned last month . </s>
<s> Mr. Field also had been chairman of UNK Corp. , resigning that post after a dispute with the board over corporate strategy . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK is executive vice president and chief financial officer of UNK and will continue in those roles . </s>
<s> UNK also named UNK R. UNK , 57 , executive vice president at UNK , as a director , filling the seat vacated by Mr. Field . </s>
<s> Messrs. UNK and UNK are directors of UNK , which has an 86 % stake in UNK . </s>
<s> UNK UNK Industries Inc. said its directors reached an agreement in principle calling for UNK North America Inc. to combine its North American cement holdings with UNK in a transaction that will leave UNK 's minority shareholders with UNK % of the combined company . </s>
<s> UNK , the North American holding company of Swiss concern UNK Financiere UNK Ltd. , previously proposed combining its 100 % stake in St. Lawrence UNK Inc. and its 60 % stake in UNK UNK Co. with its 67 % stake in UNK . </s>
<s> But UNK 's first offer would have given UNK 's other shareholders about 10 % of the combined company . </s>
<s> UNK 's directors rejected that offer , although they said they endorsed the merger proposal . </s>
<s> Under the agreement , UNK will own UNK % of the combined company . </s>
<s> UNK 's current operations will represent about UNK % of the combined company . </s>
<s> The transaction is subject to a definitive agreement and approval by UNK shareholders . </s>
<s> UNK said it expects to complete the transaction early next year . </s>
<s> Tandem Computers Inc. , preparing to fight with International Business Machines Corp. for a piece of the mainframe business , said it expects to post higher revenue and earnings for its fiscal fourth quarter ended Sept. 30 . </s>
<s> Tandem said it expects to report revenue of about $ 450 million and earnings of 35 cents to 40 cents a share . </s>
<s> The results , which are in line with analysts ' estimates , reflect `` a continued improvement in our U.S. business , '' said James UNK , Tandem 's chief executive officer . </s>
<s> In the year-earlier period , Tandem reported net income of $ UNK million , or 31 cents a share , on revenue of $ UNK million . </s>
<s> Tandem expects to report the full results for the quarter next week . </s>
<s> Analysts have predicted that the Cupertino , Calif. , company will report revenue of $ UNK million to $ UNK million and earnings of 35 cents to 40 cents a share . </s>
<s> UNK on the results for the quarter , Mr. UNK said the strength of the company 's domestic business came as `` a surprise '' to him , noting that sales `` in every region of the U.S. exceeded our plan . '' </s>
<s> The company 's U.S. performance was helped by `` a record quarter for new customers , '' he said . </s>
<s> Tandem makes `` UNK '' computers -- machines with UNK backup systems -- that run stock exchanges , networks of automatic UNK and other complex computer systems . </s>
<s> Tomorrow the company is scheduled to announce its most powerful computer ever , which for the first time will bring it into direct competition with makers of mainframe computers . </s>
<s> Tandem 's new UNK computer is called UNK . </s>
<s> Prices for the machine , which can come in various UNK , are $ 2 million to $ 10 million . </s>
<s> Analysts expect the new computer to UNK a hefty UNK of business away from IBM , the longtime leader in mainframes . </s>
<s> `` We believe they could UNK perhaps two to three billion dollars from IBM '' over the next few years , said George Weiss , an analyst at the UNK group . </s>
<s> That will spur Tandem 's growth . </s>
<s> `` I 'd be disappointed if the company grew by less than 20 % next year , '' said John UNK , an analyst at Goldman , Sachs & Co . </s>
<s> IBM is expected to respond to Tandem 's UNK by discounting its own mainframes , which analysts say are roughly three times the price of a comparable system from Tandem . </s>
<s> `` Obviously IBM can give bigger discounts to users immediately , '' said Mr. Weiss . </s>
<s> But Mr. UNK questions whether that will be enough to stop Tandem 's first mainframe from taking on some of the functions that large organizations previously sought from Big Blue 's machines . </s>
<s> `` The answer is n't price reductions , but new systems , '' he said . </s>
<s> Nevertheless , Tandem faces a variety of challenges , the biggest being that customers generally view the company 's computers as UNK to IBM 's mainframes . </s>
<s> Even Mr. UNK is reluctant to abandon this notion , insisting that Tandem 's new machines are n't UNK for IBM 's mainframes . </s>
<s> `` We 're after a little bigger niche , '' he said . </s>
<s> UNK UNK Ends For Midwestern States </s>
<s> UNK UNK UNK a comeback . </s>
<s> So are Indiana , Ohio and Michigan . </s>
<s> The population of all four states is on the UNK , according to new Census Bureau estimates , following declines throughout the early 1980s . </s>
<s> The gains , to be sure , are rather small . </s>
<s> Iowa , for instance , saw its population grow by UNK people , or 0.4 % , between 1987 and 1988 , the Census Bureau says . </s>
<s> Still , even that modest increase is good news for a state that had n't grown at all since 1981 . </s>
<s> Between 1987 and 1988 , North UNK was the only state in the Midwest to lose population , a loss of 4,000 people . </s>
<s> UNK of the 12 UNK states have been growing steadily since 1980 -- Illinois , Kansas , Minnesota , Missouri , South UNK and Wisconsin . </s>
<s> The Northeast has been holding its own in the population race . </s>
<s> UNK of nine states have grown each year since 1980 , including New York , which lost 4 % of its population during the 1970s . </s>
<s> And although Pennsylvania and Massachusetts suffered slight declines earlier in the decade , they are growing again . </s>
<s> At the same time , several states in the South and West have had their own population turnaround . </s>
<s> UNK states that grew in the early 1980s are now losing population -- West Virginia , Mississippi , Louisiana , Oklahoma , UNK , Wyoming and Alaska . </s>
<s> Overall , though , the South and West still UNK the Northeast and Midwest , and fast-growing states like Florida and California ensure that the pattern will continue . </s>
<s> But the growth gap between the Sun UNK and other regions has clearly started narrowing . </s>
<s> More UNK UNK Their UNK </s>
<s> UNK UNK modern medicine , more couples are growing old together . </s>
<s> And even after losing a UNK , more of the elderly are staying independent . </s>
<s> A new Census Bureau study of the UNK population shows that 64 % of people aged 65 to 74 were living with a UNK in 1988 , up from 59 % in 1970 . </s>
<s> This does n't mean they 're less likely to live alone , however . </s>
<s> That share has remained at about 24 % since 1970 . </s>
<s> What has changed is that more of the young elderly are living with spouses rather than with other UNK , such as children . </s>
<s> In 1988 , 10 % of those aged 65 to 74 lived with UNK other than spouses , down from 15 % in 1970 . </s>
<s> As people get even older , many become UNK . </s>
<s> But even among those aged 75 and older , the share living with a UNK rose slightly , to 40 % in 1988 from 38 % in 1970 . </s>
<s> Like their younger counterparts , the older elderly are less likely to live with other UNK . </s>
<s> Only 17 % of those aged 75 and older lived with UNK other than spouses in 1988 , down from 26 % in 1970 . </s>
<s> The likelihood of living alone beyond the age of 75 has increased to 40 % from 32 % . </s>
<s> More people are remaining independent longer UNK because they are better off UNK and financially . </s>
<s> UNK UNK Most For the UNK </s>
<s> UNK UNK people place personal success and money above family . </s>
<s> At least that 's what a survey by Ernst & Young and UNK , UNK , UNK indicates . </s>
<s> UNK of respondents said they strongly felt the need to be successful in their jobs , while fewer than half said they strongly felt the need to spend more time with their families . </s>
<s> UNK successful in careers and spending the money they make are top priorities for this group . </s>
<s> Unlike most studies of the affluent market , this survey UNK the UNK . </s>
<s> Average household income for the sample was $ UNK , and average net assets were reported as $ UNK . </s>
<s> The goal was to learn about one of today 's fastest-growing income groups , the UNK class . </s>
<s> Although they represent only 2 % of the population , they control nearly one-third of discretionary income . </s>
<s> UNK the board , these consumers value quality , buy what they like rather than just what they need , and appreciate products that are UNK . </s>
<s> Despite their considerable UNK and assets , 40 % of the respondents in the study do n't feel financially secure , and UNK do n't feel that they have made it . </s>
<s> UNK percent do n't even feel they are financially well off . </s>
<s> Many of the affluent are n't comfortable with themselves , either . </s>
<s> About 40 % do n't feel they 're more able than others . </s>
<s> While UNK feel some UNK about being affluent , only 25 % give $ 2,500 or more to charity each year . </s>
<s> UNK percent attend UNK services regularly ; at the same time , 60 % feel that in life one sometimes has to compromise one 's principles . </s>
<s> UNK and Ends </s>
<s> THE UNK of women and minorities who hold jobs in top management in the nation 's largest banks has more than doubled since 1978 . </s>
<s> The American Bankers Association says that women make up 47 % of officials and managers in the top 50 banks , up from 33 % in 1978 . </s>
<s> The share of minorities in those positions has risen to 16 % from 12 % ... . </s>
<s> UNK personal income in the U.S. grew faster than inflation last year , according to the Bureau of Economic UNK . </s>
<s> The amount of income UNK up for each man , woman and child was $ UNK in 1988 , up 6.6 % from $ UNK in 1987 . </s>
<s> UNK capita personal income ranged from $ UNK in Mississippi to $ UNK in Connecticut ... . </s>
<s> There are 13.1 million students in college this fall , up 2 % from 1988 , the National Center for Education Statistics estimates . </s>
<s> About 54 % are women , and 44 % are UNK students . </s>
<s> UNK the financial results of computer firms has been a tough job lately . </s>
<s> Take Microsoft Corp. , the largest maker of personal computer software and generally considered an industry bellwether . </s>
<s> In July , the company stunned Wall Street with the UNK that growth in the personal computer business overall would be only 10 % in 1990 , a modest increase when compared with the UNK expansion of years past . </s>
<s> Investors -- taking this as a sign that a broad industry slump was in the UNK -- reacted by selling the company 's stock , which lost $ 3.25 that day to close at $ 52 in national over-the-counter trading . </s>
<s> But that was all of three months ago . </s>
<s> Last week , Microsoft said it expects revenue for its first quarter ended Sept. 30 to increase 34 % . </s>
<s> The announcement caused the company 's stock to surge $ UNK to close at $ UNK a share . </s>
<s> Microsoft 's surprising strength is one example of the difficulty facing investors looking for UNK about the financial health of the computer firms . </s>
<s> `` It 's hard to know what to expect at this point , '' said Peter UNK , an analyst at Robertson UNK & Co . </s>
<s> `` The industry UNK UNK . '' </s>
<s> To illustrate , Mr. UNK said that of the 14 UNK firms he follows , half will report for their most recent quarter earnings below last year 's results , and half above those results . </s>
<s> Among those companies expected to have a down quarter are Hewlett-Packard Co. , UNK Corp. and Sun Microsystems Inc. , generally solid performers in the past . </s>
<s> International Business Machines Corp. also is expected to report disappointing results . </s>
<s> Apple Computer Inc. , meanwhile , is expected to show improved earnings for the period ended UNK . </s>
<s> Another UNK message comes from UNK Inc. , a computer retailer . </s>
<s> In July , the company reported that booming sales of new personal computers from Apple and IBM had resulted in net income more than doubling for its fourth quarter ended June 30 to $ 7.4 million , or 23 cents a share . </s>
<s> This month , however , UNK warned investors that results for its first quarter ended Sept. 30 had n't met expectations . </s>
<s> The company said it expects earnings of 14 to 17 cents a share , down from 25 cents a share in the year-earlier period . </s>
<s> While the earnings picture UNK , observers say the major forces expected to shape the industry in the coming year are UNK . </s>
<s> Companies will continue to war over standards . </s>
<s> In computer publishing , a battle over UNK is hurting UNK Systems Inc. , which sells software that controls the image produced by printers and displays . </s>
<s> Until recently , UNK had a lock on the market for image software , but last month Apple , UNK 's biggest customer , and Microsoft UNK . </s>
<s> Now the two firms are UNK on an alternative to UNK 's approach , and analysts say they are likely to carry IBM , the biggest seller of personal computers , along with them . </s>
<s> The short-term outlook for UNK 's business , however , appears strong . </s>
<s> The company is beginning to ship a new software program that 's being UNK as a UNK for owners of UNK printers sold by Apple . </s>
<s> The program is aimed at improving the quality of printed material . </s>
<s> John UNK , UNK 's chief executive officer , said the Mountain View , Calif. , company has been receiving 1,000 calls a day about the product since it was demonstrated at a computer publishing conference several weeks ago . </s>
<s> Meanwhile , competition between various operating systems , which control the basic functions of a computer , UNK trouble for software firms generally . </s>
<s> `` It creates uncertainty and usually UNK down sales , '' said UNK UNK , an analyst at UNK Financial Group . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK said this probably is behind the expected weak performance of UNK Corp. , maker of a widely used computer publishing program . </s>
<s> He expects UNK to report earnings of 21 cents a share on revenues of $ UNK million for its third quarter , compared with earnings of 30 cents a share on revenue of UNK million in the year-earlier period . </s>
<s> UNK officials could n't be reached for comment . </s>
<s> On the other hand , the battle of the bus is expected to grow increasingly UNK . </s>
<s> A bus is the data highway within a computer . </s>
<s> IBM is backing one type of bus called UNK , while the nine other leading computer makers , including UNK and Compaq Computer Corp. , have chosen another method . </s>
<s> `` UNK do n't care about the bus , '' said Daniel UNK , an analyst at Goldman , Sachs & Co . </s>
<s> He said Apple 's family of UNK computers , for instance , uses four different buses `` and no one seems to mind . '' </s>
<s> The gap between winners and UNK will grow . </s>
<s> In personal computers , Apple , Compaq and IBM are expected to UNK their hold on their business . </s>
<s> At the same time , UNK firms will continue to lose ground . </s>
<s> Some lagging competitors even may leave the personal computer business altogether . </s>
<s> UNK Technology , for instance , is considered a candidate to sell its troubled operation . </s>
<s> `` UNK has done well establishing a distribution business , but they have n't delivered products that sell , '' said UNK Brown , an analyst at Prudential-Bache Securities . </s>
<s> Mr. Brown estimates UNK , whose terminals business is strong , will report a loss of 12 cents a share for its quarter ended UNK . </s>
<s> UNK makers will continue to eat away at the business of more traditional computer firms . </s>
<s> UNK powerful UNK computers , designed with one or more UNK as their `` UNK , '' are expected to increasingly take on functions carried out by more expensive minicomputers and mainframes . </s>
<s> `` The guys that make traditional hardware are really being UNK by UNK machines , '' said Mr. UNK . </s>
<s> As a result of this trend , longtime UNK UNK , IBM and Digital Equipment Corp. are scrambling to UNK with UNK systems of their own . </s>
<s> But they will have to act quickly . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK expects Compaq to unveil a family of UNK personal computers later this year that are powerful enough to serve as the UNK for communications within large networks of UNK machines . </s>
<s> A UNK of new computer companies also has targeted this `` UNK '' market . </s>
<s> UNK publishers are reporting mixed third-quarter results , aided by favorable newsprint prices and hampered by flat or declining advertising UNK , especially in the Northeast . </s>
<s> UNK to UNK in the industry , seasonal retail ad spending patterns in newspapers have been upset by UNK in ownership and general UNK within the retail industry . </s>
<s> In New York , the UNK UNK and B. UNK & Co. department stores have filed for protection from creditors under Chapter 11 of the federal Bankruptcy Code , while the UNK Macy & Co. , Bloomingdale 's and Saks Fifth Avenue department-store chains are for sale . </s>
<s> Many papers throughout the country are also faced with a slowdown in UNK spending , a booming category for newspapers in recent years . </s>
<s> Until recently , industry analysts believed UNK in retail ad spending had UNK out and would in fact increase in this year 's third and fourth quarters . </s>
<s> All UNK are off , analysts say , because of the shifting ownership of the retail chains . </s>
<s> `` UNK paper prices will help offset weakness in UNK , but the retailers ' problems have affected the amount of ad UNK they usually run , '' said Edward J. UNK , industry analyst for Salomon Brothers Inc . </s>
<s> `` UNK are just in disarray . '' </s>
<s> For instance , UNK Co. posted an 11 % gain in net income , as total ad pages dropped at USA Today , but advertising revenue rose because of a higher circulation rate base and increased rates . </s>
<s> UNK 's 83 daily and 35 UNK newspapers reported a 3 % increase in advertising and circulation revenue . </s>
<s> Total advertising UNK was `` modestly '' lower as UNK volume increased , while there was `` softer demand '' for retail and national ad UNK , said John UNK , UNK 's chief executive officer . </s>
<s> At USA Today , ad pages totaled UNK for the quarter , down 9.2 % from the 1988 period , which was helped by increased ad spending from the UNK Olympics . </s>
<s> While USA Today 's total paid ad pages for the year to date totaled UNK , a decrease of 4 % from last year , the paper 's ad revenue increased 8 % in the quarter and 13 % in the nine months . </s>
<s> In the nine months , UNK 's net rose 9.5 % to $ 270 million , or $ UNK a share , from $ UNK million , or $ UNK a share . </s>
<s> Revenue gained 6 % to $ UNK billion from $ 2.4 billion . </s>
<s> At Dow Jones & Co. , third-quarter net income fell 9.9 % from the year-earlier period . </s>
<s> Net fell to $ UNK million , or 29 cents a share , from $ 32 million , or 33 cents a share . </s>
<s> The year-earlier period included a one-time gain of $ 3.5 million , or four cents a share . </s>
<s> Revenue gained 5.3 % to $ UNK million from $ UNK million . </s>
<s> The drop in profit reflected , in part , continued softness in financial advertising at The Wall Street Journal and UNK 's magazine . </s>
<s> Ad UNK at the Journal fell 6.1 % in the third quarter . </s>
<s> UNK Publications Inc. reversed a year-earlier third quarter net loss . </s>
<s> The publisher of the Boston Globe reported net of $ 8.5 million , or 12 cents a share , compared with a loss of $ UNK million , or 38 cents a share , for the third quarter in 1988 . </s>
<s> William O. Taylor , the parent 's chairman and chief executive officer , said earnings continued to be hurt by softness in ad volume at the Boston newspaper . </s>
<s> Third-quarter profit estimates for several companies are being strongly affected by the price of newsprint , which in the last two years has had several price increases . </s>
<s> After a supply crunch caused prices to rise 14 % since 1986 to $ 650 a metric ton , analysts are encouraged , because they do n't expect a price increase for the rest of this year . </s>
<s> Companies with daily newspapers in the Northeast will need the stable newsprint prices to ease damage from weak ad UNK . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK at Salomon Brothers said he estimates that Times UNK Co. 's earnings were down for the third quarter , because of soft advertising levels at its Long Island UNK and Hartford UNK newspapers . </s>
<s> UNK on the East Coast was likely offset by improved ad UNK at the Los Angeles Times , which this week also unveiled a UNK . </s>
<s> New York Times Co. is expected to report lower earnings for the third quarter because of continued weak advertising levels at its flagship New York Times and deep discounting of newsprint at its affiliate , Forest Products Group . </s>
<s> `` Times Co. 's regional daily newspapers are holding up well , but there is little sign that things will improve in the New York market , '' said Alan UNK , an analyst with Shearson Lehman Hutton . </s>
<s> Washington Post Co. is expected to report improved earnings , largely because of increased cable revenue and publishing revenue helped by an improved retail market in the Washington area . </s>
<s> According to analysts , profits were also helped by successful cost-cutting measures at Newsweek . </s>
<s> The UNK has faced heightened competition from rival Time magazine and a relatively flat magazine advertising market . </s>
<s> Knight-Ridder Inc. is faced with continued uncertainty over the pending joint operating agreement between its Detroit Free Press and UNK 's Detroit News , and has told analysts that earnings were down in the third quarter . </s>
<s> However , analysts point to positive advertising spending at several of its major daily newspapers , such as the Miami Herald and San Jose Mercury News . </s>
<s> `` The Miami market is coming back strong after a tough couple of years '' when Knight-Ridder `` was starting up a Hispanic edition and circulation was falling , '' said Bruce UNK , an analyst for UNK National Bank . </s>
<s> A consortium of private investors operating as UNK Funding Co. said it has made a $ UNK million cash bid for most of L.J. Hooker Corp. 's real-estate and UNK holdings . </s>
<s> The $ UNK million bid includes the assumption of an estimated $ 300 million in secured liabilities on those properties , according to those making the bid . </s>
<s> The group is led by Jay UNK , chief executive officer of UNK Investment Corp. in UNK , and A. Boyd Simpson , chief executive of the Atlanta-based Simpson Organization Inc . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK 's company specializes in commercial real-estate investment and claims to have $ 1 billion in assets ; Mr. Simpson is a developer and a former senior executive of L.J. Hooker . </s>
<s> `` The assets are good , but they require more money and management '' than can be provided in L.J. Hooker 's current situation , said Mr. Simpson in an interview . `` </s>
<s> Hooker 's philosophy was to build and sell . </s>
<s> We want to build and hold . '' </s>
<s> L.J. Hooker , based in Atlanta , is operating with protection from its creditors under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code . </s>
<s> Its parent company , Hooker Corp. of Sydney , Australia , is currently being managed by a UNK provisional UNK . </s>
<s> Sanford UNK , chief executive of L.J. Hooker , said yesterday in a statement that he has not yet seen the bid but that he would review it and bring it to the attention of the creditors committee . </s>
<s> The $ UNK million bid is estimated by Mr. Simpson as representing 75 % of the value of all Hooker real-estate holdings in the U.S. . </s>
<s> Not included in the bid are UNK UNK or B. UNK & Co. , L.J. Hooker 's department-store chains . </s>
<s> The offer covers the massive 1.8 UNK Forest Fair UNK in Cincinnati , the 800,000 UNK UNK UNK UNK in Columbia , S.C. , and the UNK UNK UNK Town Center mall in UNK , UNK . </s>
<s> The UNK mall opened Sept. 19 with a UNK 's UNK as its UNK ; the Columbia mall is expected to open Nov. 15 . </s>
<s> Other Hooker properties included are a UNK office tower in UNK Atlanta , expected to be completed next February ; vacant land sites in Florida and Ohio ; L.J. Hooker International , the commercial real-estate brokerage company that once did business as Merrill Lynch Commercial Real Estate , plus other shopping centers . </s>
<s> The consortium was put together by UNK UNK , the London-based investment banking company that is a subsidiary of Security Pacific Corp . </s>
<s> `` We do n't anticipate any problems in raising the funding for the bid , '' said UNK Campbell , the head of mergers and acquisitions at UNK UNK , in an interview . </s>
<s> UNK UNK is acting as the consortium 's investment bankers . </s>
<s> According to people familiar with the consortium , the bid was UNK Project UNK , a reference to the film `` UNK '' in which a UNK played by UNK UNK UNK is saved from a UNK businessman by a police officer named John UNK . </s>
<s> L.J. Hooker was a small UNK company based in Atlanta in 1979 when Mr. Simpson was hired to push it into commercial development . </s>
<s> The company grew modestly until 1986 , when a majority position in Hooker Corp. was acquired by Australian developer George UNK , currently Hooker 's chairman . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK UNK to launch an ambitious , but UNK , $ 1 billion acquisition UNK that included UNK UNK and B. UNK & Co. , as well as majority positions in Merksamer Jewelers , a Sacramento chain ; UNK Inc. , the UNK retailer , and UNK Inc. , the Southeast department-store chain . </s>
<s> Eventually Mr. Simpson and Mr. UNK had a falling out over the direction of the company , and Mr. Simpson said he resigned in 1988 . </s>
<s> Since then , Hooker Corp. has sold its interest in the UNK chain back to UNK 's management and is currently attempting to sell the B. UNK & Co. chain . </s>
<s> In addition , Robert UNK , chief executive of the UNK chain , is seeking funds to buy out the Hooker interest in his company . </s>
<s> The Merksamer chain is currently being offered for sale by First Boston Corp . </s>
<s> UNK in UNK , Mr. UNK said that he believes the various Hooker UNK can become profitable with new management . </s>
<s> `` These are n't mature assets , but they have the potential to be so , '' said Mr. UNK . </s>
<s> `` UNK properly , and with a long-term outlook , these can become investment-grade quality properties . </s>
<s> Valley Federal Savings & Loan Association said Imperial Corp. of America withdrew from regulators its application to buy five Valley Federal branches , leaving the transaction in UNK . </s>
<s> The broken purchase appears as additional evidence of trouble at Imperial Corp. , whose spokesman said the company withdrew its application from the federal Office of Thrift Supervision because of an informal notice that Imperial 's thrift unit failed to meet Community UNK Act requirements . </s>
<s> The Community UNK Act requires savings and loan associations to lend money in amounts related to areas where deposits are received . </s>
<s> The transaction , announced in August , included about $ UNK million in deposits at the five outlets in California 's San UNK Valley . </s>
<s> Terms were n't disclosed , but Valley Federal had said it expected to post a modest pretax gain and to save about $ 2 million in operating costs annually . </s>
<s> Valley Federal said Friday that it is considering whether to seek another buyer for the branches or to pursue the transaction with Imperial Corp. , which said it is attempting to meet Community UNK Act requirements . </s>
<s> Valley Federal , with assets of $ 3.3 billion , is based in Van UNK . </s>
<s> Imperial Corp. , based in San Diego , is the parent of Imperial Savings & Loan . </s>
<s> In the first six months of the year it posted a net loss of $ UNK million . </s>
<s> UNK International Inc. said it canceled plans for a UNK swap but may resume payment of dividends on the stock , and added that it expects to publicly offer about 10 million common shares . </s>
<s> The company said it planned to offer an UNK number of common shares in exchange for the UNK shares of its preferred stock outstanding . </s>
<s> The exchange ratio was never established . </s>
<s> UNK said market conditions led to the UNK of the planned exchange . </s>
<s> The UNK concern said , however , that in January 1990 , it may resume payments of dividends on the preferred stock . </s>
<s> UNK suspended its UNK payment in October 1985 and said it has n't any plans to catch up on dividends in UNK about $ 6 million , but will do so some time in the future . </s>
<s> UNK , the company said it filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the proposed offering of 10 million shares of common stock , expected to be offered in November . </s>
<s> The company said Salomon Brothers Inc. and Howard , Weil , UNK , UNK Inc. , underwriters for the offering , were granted an option to buy as much as an additional 1.5 million shares to cover UNK . </s>
<s> Proceeds will be used to eliminate and restructure bank debt . </s>
<s> UNK currently has approximately UNK million common shares outstanding . </s>
<s> Do n't jump yet . </s>
<s> The stock market 's UNK may turn out to be good news for the economy . </s>
<s> In one wild hour of trading , the market managed to accomplish what the Bush administration has been trying to do , unsuccessfully , for weeks . </s>
<s> It is forcing the Federal Reserve to ease its grip on credit and it took the wind out of a previously UNK dollar . </s>
<s> The resulting decline in interest rates and the value of the dollar could UNK American business -- indeed , the entire economy . </s>
<s> This may sound UNK optimistic . </s>
<s> After all , until a few years ago , the stock market was viewed as a barometer of the national economy . </s>
<s> When it went down , by all tradition , the economy followed . </s>
<s> That has changed , partly because the two years following the worst stock-market plunge in history have been reasonably comfortable . </s>
<s> The 1987 crash was `` a false alarm however you view it , '' says University of Chicago economist Victor UNK . </s>
<s> The market seems increasingly UNK from the rest of the nation . </s>
<s> Its UNK ca n't be UNK to fundamental business conditions , nor do they appear to UNK major UNK in the economy . </s>
<s> `` The market today has a life of its own , '' John UNK , chairman of International Business Machines Corp. , said Saturday . </s>
<s> `` There 's nothing rational about this kind of action . '' </s>
<s> Of course , the health of the economy will be threatened if the market continues to dive this week . </s>
<s> UNK falling stock prices do reduce consumer wealth , damage business confidence and discourage the foreign investors upon whom the U.S. now relies for financial UNK . </s>
<s> The financial-services industry was battered by the 1987 crash . </s>
<s> What 's more , although the stock market is far less UNK today than two years ago , the U.S. economy is weaker . </s>
<s> Growth is slower . </s>
<s> Profits are softer . </s>
<s> UNK burdens are heavier . </s>
<s> But if the stock market does n't continue to UNK , the beneficial effects of lower interest rates and a lower dollar may well dominate . </s>
<s> The Fed , which until Friday had been UNK moves to ease credit , is now UNK to UNK money into the economy if needed to UNK the markets . </s>
<s> Fed officials may protest that this does n't necessarily mean a fundamental change in their interest-rate policies . </s>
<s> But the experience of the 1987 crash suggests the Fed is likely to bring down short-term interest rates in its effort to UNK markets . </s>
<s> UNK the Fed 's move , money traders lowered a key interest rate known as the Federal Funds rate to UNK % late Friday , down from UNK % the day before . </s>
<s> UNK movements in the rate , which is what banks charge each other for overnight loans , are usually among the few visible tracks that the Fed leaves on the monetary markets . </s>
<s> The dollar also began to decline Friday as the stock market 's plunge caused some investors to UNK their desire to invest in the U.S. . </s>
<s> Treasury officials have been arguing for months that the dollar 's strength was out of UNK with economic fundamentals , threatening to UNK the export boom that has sustained manufacturers for several years . </s>
<s> The market drop has now apparently convinced foreign investors that the Treasury was right about the UNK dollar . </s>
<s> A modest drop in the dollar -- only a modest one , mind you -- would be welcomed by the U.S. . </s>
<s> That was n't the case in 1987 , when the dollar was so weak that some economists and government officials seriously worried that it might collapse , producing panic among foreign investors and UNK the flow of foreign capital to the U.S. . </s>
<s> Another big difference between 1987 and 1989 is n't so UNK . </s>
<s> In the third quarter of 1987 , the economy UNK at an inflation-adjusted annual rate of 5.3 % . </s>
<s> The consensus among economists is that it grew a much more sluggish 2.3 % in the third quarter of 1989 , which ended two weeks ago . </s>
<s> The plunge in stock prices `` is happening at a time when the economy has already slowed down , '' says economist Lawrence UNK of UNK Group , a UNK UNK , Pa. , forecasting company . </s>
<s> `` A lot of UNK demand is gone . '' </s>
<s> Consumer spending did drop in the months following Black Monday 1987 -- `` but only slightly and for a short period of time , '' recalls Mr. UNK , a longtime student of business cycles . </s>
<s> `` That was offset by strength elsewhere . </s>
<s> { The effects } were much less severe and less prolonged than some had feared or expected . </s>
<s> '' Today , he UNK , exports and business investment spending may be insufficient to pick up the slack if stock prices UNK this week and if consumers UNK in reaction . </s>
<s> What 's more , the corporate borrowing UNK has n't UNK in the past two years . </s>
<s> `` We 've had two more years of significant UNK of debt ... just at the time when earnings are being squeezed , '' Mr. UNK notes . </s>
<s> The more a company relies on borrowed money , the greater its UNK to an economic slowdown . </s>
<s> A company with a strong balance sheet can withstand an unanticipated storm ; a highly leveraged company may end up in bankruptcy court . </s>
<s> The Fed , of course , knows that very well -- hence its UNK to pump credit into the economy this morning . </s>
<s> But , in the process , the Fed risks UNK inflation . </s>
<s> Even before Friday 's events , Harvard University economist Benjamin UNK was arguing that the Fed wo n't be able to live up to its tough words on eliminating inflation because of its responsibility to protect fragile financial markets , banks and highly leveraged corporations . </s>
<s> The biggest threat on the economic horizon right now is n't recession , he reasons ; it 's an UNK of UNK inflation . </s>
<s> In the end , the 1987 collapse suggested , the economy does n't move in UNK with stock prices . </s>
<s> The economy does , however , depend on the confidence of businesses , consumers and foreign investors . </s>
<s> A panic on Wall Street does n't exactly UNK confidence . </s>
<s> UNK suggested that consumer confidence was high before Friday . </s>
<s> A 190-point drop is n't likely to make much of a UNK ; UNK that a few times over , though , and it will . </s>
<s> If the reactions of executives gathered Saturday at UNK Springs , Va. , for the Business Council meetings are typical , business leaders were n't overly UNK by Friday 's decline . </s>
<s> And if foreign investors become a UNK more cautious -- well , the dollar 's recent strength suggests that the U.S. can stand it . </s>
<s> On the bottom line , the most UNK fact for the economic outlook is that we 've been through this before . </s>
<s> Two years ago , about the only point of comparison was the 1929 crash and the subsequent UNK . </s>
<s> The UNK had a UNK audience . </s>
<s> The prosperity that followed Black Monday permits a more optimistic view today . </s>
<s> At the very least , the establishment here is taking comfort from the nation 's success in handling the last UNK . </s>
<s> As Sen. Lloyd UNK ( D. , Texas ) observed yesterday , `` The Fed avoided a UNK last time . </s>
<s> They are more sophisticated this time . </s>
<s> The chemical industry is expected to report that profits eroded in the third quarter because of UNK prices in the commodity end of the business . </s>
<s> Producers of commodity chemicals , the basic chemicals produced in huge volumes for other manufacturers , have seen sharp inventory cutting by buyers . </s>
<s> Once the chief beneficiaries of the industry 's now UNK boom , these producers also will be reporting against UNK strong performances in the 1988 third quarter . </s>
<s> `` For some of these companies , this will be the first quarter with UNK negative comparisons , '' says Leonard UNK , a chemical industry analyst at Prudential UNK Research . </s>
<s> `` This could be the first of five or six down quarters . '' </s>
<s> Perhaps most prominent , Dow Chemical Co. , which as of UNK had UNK up eight consecutive record quarters , is expected to report that profit decreased in the latest quarter from a year earlier , if only by a UNK . </s>
<s> Though Dow has aggressively diversified into specialty chemicals and pharmaceuticals , the company still has a big stake in polyethylene , which is used in packaging and UNK . </s>
<s> Analysts ' third-quarter estimates for the Midland , Mich. , company are between $ UNK a share and $ UNK a share , compared with $ UNK a year ago , when profit was $ UNK million on sales of $ UNK billion . </s>
<s> A Dow spokeswoman declined to comment on the estimates . </s>
<s> At the investment firm of Smith Barney , Harris Upham & Co. , the UNK segment is seen pulling down overall profit for 20 companies representative of the whole industry by 8 % to 10 % . </s>
<s> `` You will find the commodities off more than the others and the diversified companies about even or slightly better , '' says James Wilbur , a Smith Barney analyst . </s>
<s> First Boston Corp. projects that 10 of the 15 companies it follows will report lower profit . </s>
<s> Most of the 10 have big UNK operations . </s>
<s> Still , some industry giants are expected to report continuing gains , largely because so much of their business is outside commodity chemicals . </s>
<s> Du Pont Co. is thought to have had steady profit growth in white UNK , fibers and UNK . </s>
<s> Moreover , the Wilmington , Del. , company is helped when prices weaken on the commodity chemicals it buys for its own production needs , such as UNK . </s>
<s> Analysts are divided over whether Du Pont will report much of a gain in the latest quarter from its UNK Inc. oil company . </s>
<s> The estimates for Du Pont range from $ 2.25 to $ UNK a share . </s>
<s> In the 1988 third quarter , the company earned $ UNK million , or $ UNK a share , on sales of $ UNK billion . </s>
<s> Du Pont declined to comment . </s>
<s> Monsanto Co. , too , is expected to continue reporting higher profit , even though its sales of crop chemicals were hurt in the latest quarter by drought in northern Europe and the western U.S. . </s>
<s> The St. UNK company is expected to report again that losses in its UNK Searle & Co. pharmaceutical business are narrowing . </s>
<s> Searle continued to operate in the red through the first half of the year , but Monsanto has said it expects Searle to post a profit for all of 1989 . </s>
<s> Most estimates for Monsanto run between $ UNK and $ 2 a share . </s>
<s> A year ago , the company posted third-quarter profit of $ UNK million , or $ UNK a share , on sales of $ UNK billion . </s>
<s> Monsanto declined to comment . </s>
<s> But the UNK producers are caught on the downside of a pricing cycle . </s>
<s> By some accounts on Wall Street and in the industry , the inventory reductions are near an end , which may UNK firmer demand . </s>
<s> But UNK say growing production capacity could keep pressure on prices into the early 1990s . </s>
<s> In the latest quarter , at least , profit is expected to fall sharply . </s>
<s> For UNK Inc. , `` how far down it is , we do n't know , '' says UNK UNK at Salomon Brothers . </s>
<s> The projections are in the neighborhood of 50 cents a share to 75 cents , compared with a restated $ 1.65 a share a year earlier , when profit was $ UNK million on sales of $ UNK million . </s>
<s> UNK faces lower prices for its mainstay product , UNK , while it goes forward with a heavy capital investment program to bolster its raw material supply and develop new uses for UNK , whose markets include the packaging and automobile industries . </s>
<s> The company , based in Wilmington , Del. , is UNK by Montedison S.p . A. , Milan , which has an offer outstanding for the UNK shares it does n't already own . </s>
<s> At Quantum Chemical Corp. , New York , the trouble is lower prices for polyethylene , higher debt costs and the UNK of an important plant due to an explosion . </s>
<s> Some analysts hedge their estimates for Quantum , because it is n't known when the company will book certain one-time charges . </s>
<s> But the estimates range from UNK to 35 cents a share . </s>
<s> In the 1988 third quarter , Quantum earned $ UNK million , or $ UNK a share , on sales of $ UNK million . </s>
<s> Another big polyethylene producer , Union Carbide Corp. , is expected to post profit of between $ 1 a share and $ 1.25 , compared with $ UNK a share a year earlier , when the company earned $ UNK million on sales of $ UNK billion . </s>
<s> UNK , Quantum and Union Carbide all declined to comment . </s>
<s> James Robinson , 57 years old , was elected president and chief executive officer of this maker of magnetic recording heads for disk drives . </s>
<s> He has been president and chief executive officer of UNK Electronics Corp. , a division of North American UNK Corp. , itself a subsidiary of UNK . UNK of the Netherlands . </s>
<s> Charles J. Lawson Jr. , 68 , who had been acting chief executive since June 14 , will continue as chairman . </s>
<s> The former president and chief executive , Eric W. UNK , resigned in June . </s>
<s> UNK UNK UNK the ANC 's Sisulu and seven other political UNK . </s>
<s> UNK of supporters , many UNK UNK of the UNK African National Congress , gave the UNK activists a tumultuous reception upon their return to black UNK across the country . </s>
<s> Most of those UNK had spent at least 25 years in prison . </s>
<s> The UNK Sisulu , sentenced to life in UNK along with black UNK Nelson UNK for UNK to UNK the government , said UNK for blacks in South Africa was in reach . </s>
<s> The releases , announced last week by President de UNK , were viewed as Pretoria 's UNK UNK of the ANC . </s>
<s> UNK , considered the most prominent leader of the ANC , remains in prison . </s>
<s> But his release within the next few months is widely expected . </s>
<s> The Soviet Union reported that thousands of tons of goods needed to ease widespread shortages across the nation were UNK up at UNK and rail UNK , and food shipments were UNK because of a lack of people and equipment to move the cargo . </s>
<s> UNK and UNK were cited , and UNK UNK warned of `` tough measures . '' </s>
<s> Bush indicated there might be `` room for flexibility '' in a bill to allow federal funding of abortions for poor women who are UNK of rape and incest . </s>
<s> He reiterated his opposition to such funding , but expressed hope of a compromise . </s>
<s> The president , at a news conference Friday , also renewed a call for the UNK of Panama 's Noriega . </s>
<s> The White House said UNK have n't any right to abortion without the consent of their parents . </s>
<s> The administration 's policy was stated in a UNK brief urging the Supreme Court to give states more UNK to restrict abortions . </s>
<s> Ten of the nation 's governors , meanwhile , called on the UNK to reject efforts to limit abortions . </s>
<s> The Justice Department announced that the FBI has been given the authority to seize U.S. UNK overseas without the permission of foreign governments . </s>
<s> Secretary of State Baker emphasized Friday that the new policy would n't be UNK by the Bush administration without full consideration of UNK implications . </s>
<s> NASA UNK the space shuttle Atlantis ready for launch tomorrow following a UNK UNK of the flight because of a UNK engine computer . </s>
<s> The device was replaced . </s>
<s> The spacecraft 's five UNK are to UNK the Galileo space probe on an exploration mission to Jupiter . </s>
<s> South Korea 's President Roh traveled to the U.S. for a UNK visit that is expected to focus on ties between Washington and Seoul . </s>
<s> Roh , who is facing calls for the reduction of U.S. military forces in South Korea , is to meet with Bush tomorrow and is to address a joint session of Congress on Wednesday . </s>
<s> China 's Communist leadership voted to UNK the party of `` hostile and UNK elements '' and wealthy private businessmen , whom they called UNK . </s>
<s> The decision , reported by the official UNK News Agency , indicated that the crackdown prompted by UNK pro-democracy protests in June is UNK . </s>
<s> UNK of East Germans UNK to Bonn 's Embassy in Warsaw , bringing to more than UNK the number of UNK expected to UNK to the West beginning today . </s>
<s> More than UNK others escaped to West Germany through Hungary over the UNK . </s>
<s> In UNK , activists vowed to continue street protests to demand internal change . </s>
<s> UNK 's President UNK met in southern France with UNK rebel leader UNK and a senior U.S. UNK in a bid to revive an accord to end UNK 's civil war . </s>
<s> Details of the talks , described by a UNK official as `` very delicate , '' were n't disclosed . </s>
<s> PLO leader Arafat insisted on guarantees that any elections in the UNK UNK would be UNK . </s>
<s> He made his remarks to a PLO gathering in UNK . </s>
<s> In the occupied UNK , underground leaders of the Arab UNK rejected a U.S. plan to arrange UNK talks as Shamir opposed holding such discussions in Cairo . </s>
<s> UNK Christian lawmakers presented to Arab UNK at talks in Saudi Arabia proposals for a new timetable for the withdrawal of UNK 's forces from Lebanon . </s>
<s> A plan currently under study gives UNK two years to pull back to UNK Lebanon , starting from the time UNK 's legislature increases political power for UNK . </s>
<s> Hurricane Jerry threatened to combine with the highest UNK of the year to UNK the UNK coast . </s>
<s> UNK of residents of UNK areas were ordered to UNK as the storm headed north in the Gulf of Mexico with 80 UNK UNK . </s>
<s> The government sold the deposits of four savings-and-loan institutions , in its first wave of sales of big , sick thrifts , but low bids prevented the sale of a fifth . </s>
<s> The four UNK were sold to large banks , as was the case with most of the 28 previous transactions initiated by the Resolution Trust Corp. since it was created in the S&L bailout legislation two months ago . </s>
<s> Two of the four big thrifts were sold to UNK Corp. , Charlotte , N.C. , which has aggressively expanded its markets , particularly in Texas and Florida . </s>
<s> A Canadian bank bought another thrift , in the first RTC transaction with a foreign bank . </s>
<s> Under these deals , the RTC sells just the deposits and the healthy assets . </s>
<s> These `` UNK '' transactions leave the bulk of bad assets , mostly real estate , with the government , to be sold later . </s>
<s> In these four , for instance , the RTC is stuck with $ UNK billion in bad assets . </s>
<s> UNK paid premiums ranging from 1.5 % to 3.7 % for the deposits and branch systems , roughly in line with what analysts were expecting . </s>
<s> The buyers will also be locked into deposit rates for just two weeks , as has been the case with previous deals . </s>
<s> After that , the buyers may UNK the rates paid by the former thrifts . </s>
<s> But it 's uncertain whether these institutions will take those steps . </s>
<s> UNK , for example , has been one of the highest rate UNK in the Texas market , and in Florida , rates are especially sensitive in retirement communities . </s>
<s> The RTC had previously targeted five thrifts for quick sales in order to spend cash by certain budgetary deadlines , but the delays illustrate the tough UNK facing the agency . </s>
<s> `` These thrifts are UNK UNK , '' said UNK UNK , an industry consultant based in UNK , Va . </s>
<s> For example , the delay in selling People 's Heritage Savings , UNK , UNK , with $ 1.7 billion in assets , has forced the RTC to consider selling off the thrift UNK , instead of as a whole institution . </s>
<s> UNK continued its UNK into the Florida and Texas markets . </s>
<s> UNK will acquire University Federal Savings Association , Houston , which had assets of $ 2.8 billion . </s>
<s> UNK Texas National Bank will pay the RTC a premium of $ UNK million for $ 3.5 billion in deposits . </s>
<s> As a measure of the UNK to which the Texas real estate market has UNK , the RTC will pay $ 3.8 billion to UNK to take $ 750 million of bad assets . </s>
<s> UNK also acquired Freedom Savings & Loan Association , UNK , Fla. , which had total assets of $ 900 million . </s>
<s> UNK will pay the RTC a premium of $ UNK million for $ 1.1 billion in deposits . </s>
<s> UNK will also acquire $ UNK million of Freedom 's assets from the RTC , which will require $ UNK million in assistance . </s>
<s> Meridian Bancorp Inc. , UNK , Pa. , will acquire Hill Financial Savings Association , Red Hill , Pa. , which had $ 2.3 billion in assets . </s>
<s> Meridian will pay a premium of $ UNK million to assume $ 2 billion in deposits . </s>
<s> It will also purchase $ UNK million of the thrift 's assets , with $ 1.9 billion in RTC assistance . </s>
<s> In the first RTC transaction with a foreign buyer , Royal UNK Ltd. , Toronto , will acquire Pacific Savings Bank , Costa Mesa , Calif. , which had $ UNK million in assets . </s>
<s> Royal UNK will pay the RTC $ 25 million to assume $ UNK million in deposits . </s>
<s> It will also purchase $ UNK million in assets , and receive $ 550 million in assistance from the RTC . </s>
<s> A group of Arby 's franchisees said they formed an association to oppose Miami Beach financier Victor UNK 's control of the restaurant chain . </s>
<s> The decision is the latest move in an UNK battle between the franchisees and Mr. UNK that began in August . </s>
<s> At the time , a group called UNK Partners Ltd. , consisting of eight of Arby 's largest franchisees , offered more than $ 200 million to buy Arby 's Inc. , which is part of UNK Corp . </s>
<s> UNK is a holding company controlled by Mr. UNK . </s>
<s> One week later , Leonard H. Roberts , president and chief executive officer of Arby 's , was fired in a dispute with Mr. UNK . </s>
<s> Friday , 42 franchisees announced the formation of an association -- called A.P. Association Inc. -- to `` preserve the integrity of the Arby 's system . '' </s>
<s> The franchisees , owners or operators of 1,000 of the UNK UNK Arby 's in the U.S. , said : `` We have concluded that continued control of Arby 's by Victor UNK is totally UNK to us , because it is extremely likely to cause UNK damage to the Arby 's system . </s>
<s> We support all efforts to remove Victor UNK from control of Arby 's Inc. and the Arby 's system . '' </s>
<s> The group said it would consider , among other things , UNK royalty payments and UNK a class-action lawsuit seeking court approval for the UNK . </s>
<s> In Florida , UNK UNK , a senior vice president at UNK , responded : `` We do n't think any individual or group should disrupt a winning system or illegally interfere with existing UNK relationships for their own UNK UNK . </s>
<s> Information International Inc. said it was sued by a buyer of its computerized UNK system , alleging that the company failed to correct deficiencies in the system . </s>
<s> A spokesman for Information International said the lawsuit by two units of Morris Communications Corp. seeks UNK of the system 's about $ 3 million purchase price and UNK of a software license provided by the Morris units to Information International for alleged failure to pay royalties . </s>
<s> Information International said it believes that the complaints , filed in federal court in Georgia , are without merit . </s>
<s> UNK held Morris Communications is based in UNK , UNK . </s>
<s> The units that filed the suit are UNK UNK Corp. and Florida Publishing Co . </s>
<s> UNK Industries Inc. said it expects to report a net loss for the fourth quarter that ended June 30 and is seeking new financing . </s>
<s> The seller of photographic products and services said it is considering a number of financing alternatives , including seeking increases in its credit lines . </s>
<s> UNK declined to estimate the amount of the loss and would n't say if it expects to show a profit for the year . </s>
<s> In the year ended June 30 , 1988 , UNK reported net income of $ 4.9 million , or $ UNK a share . </s>
<s> The company did n't break out its fourth-quarter results . </s>
<s> In the latest nine months net income was $ 4.7 million , or $ UNK a share , on revenue of $ UNK million . </s>
<s> Separately , the company said it would file a delayed UNK report with the Securities and Exchange Commission `` within approximately 45 days . '' </s>
<s> It said the delay resulted from difficulties in UNK its accounting of a settlement with the Federal Trade Commission . </s>
<s> Under an agreement filed in federal court in August to settle FTC objections to some UNK sales practices , UNK said it would establish a $ 250,000 trust fund to provide refunds to certain customers . </s>
<s> CBS Inc. is cutting `` The Pat UNK Show '' down to one hour from its current 90 minutes . </s>
<s> CBS insisted the move was n't a setback for the program , which is the network 's first entry into the UNK talk show UNK since 1972 . </s>
<s> `` I have every intention of making this the best possible show and having it run one hour is the best way to it , '' said UNK UNK , who was named vice president of late night entertainment in August . </s>
<s> `` This will raise the energy level of the show . '' </s>
<s> CBS will continue to program UNK shows to follow the UNK hour . </s>
<s> But CBS News will extend its UNK `` UNK '' by 30 minutes and begin at UNK a.m . </s>
<s> The show , despite a promising start , has slipped badly in the weekly ratings as compiled by A.C. Nielsen Co. , finishing far below `` UNK '' on NBC , a unit of General Electric Co. , and `` UNK '' on UNK , a unit of Capital Cities / ABC Inc . </s>
<s> Further UNK the UNK audience is the addition of the `` UNK Hall Show , '' UNK by Paramount Communications Inc . </s>
<s> UNK Merieux S.A. of France said the Canadian government raised an obstacle to its proposed acquisition of Connaught UNK Inc. for UNK million Canadian dollars ( US$ UNK million ) . </s>
<s> Merieux said the government 's minister of industry , science and technology told it that he was n't convinced that the purchase is likely to be of `` net benefit '' to Canada . </s>
<s> Canadian investment rules require that big foreign takeovers meet that standard . </s>
<s> The French company said the government gave it 30 days in which to submit information to further support its takeover plan . </s>
<s> Both Merieux and Connaught are biotechnology research and vaccine manufacturing concerns . </s>
<s> The government 's action was unusual . </s>
<s> Alan UNK , executive vice president of Investment Canada , which oversees foreign takeovers , said it marked the first time in its four-year history that the agency has made an adverse UNK decision about the acquisition of a publicly traded company . </s>
<s> He said it has reached the same UNK about some attempts to buy closely held concerns , but eventually allowed those acquisitions to proceed . </s>
<s> `` This is n't a change in government policy ; this provision has been used before , '' said UNK Redmond , press secretary for UNK UNK , Canada 's minister of industry , science and technology . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK issued the ruling based on a recommendation by Investment Canada . </s>
<s> UNK for Merieux and Connaught said they had n't been informed of specific areas of concern by either the government or Investment Canada , but added they hope to have more information early this week . </s>
<s> Investment Canada declined to comment on the reasons for the government decision . </s>
<s> UNK UNK , a partner with UNK & UNK , a New York-based pharmaceutical industry research firm , said the government 's ruling was n't unexpected . </s>
<s> `` This has become a very UNK deal , concerning Canada 's only large , UNK UNK or pharmaceutical company , '' Mr. UNK said . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK said the move that could allow the transaction to go ahead as planned could be an UNK settlement of Connaught 's dispute with the University of Toronto . </s>
<s> The University is seeking to block the acquisition of Connaught by foreign interests , citing concerns about the amount of research that would be done in Canada . </s>
<s> The university is considering a settlement proposal made by Connaught . </s>
<s> While neither side will disclose its UNK , Mr. UNK expects it to contain more specific guarantees on research and development spending levels in Canada than Merieux offered to Investment Canada . </s>
<s> Some analysts , such as Murray UNK of Toronto-based UNK UNK Inc. , believe the government ruling leaves the door open for other bidders , such as Switzerland 's Ciba-Geigy and Chiron Corp. of UNK , Calif . </s>
<s> Officials for the two concerns , which are bidding C$ 30 a share for Connaught , could n't be reached for comment . </s>
<s> French state-owned UNK S.A. holds 51 % of Merieux . </s>
<s> The following U.S. Treasury , corporate and municipal offerings are tentatively scheduled for sale this week , according to Dow Jones Capital Markets Report : </s>
<s> $ UNK billion of three-month and six-month bills . </s>
<s> UNK notes , refinancing about $ 9.6 billion in maturing debt . </s>
<s> $ 9.75 billion of 52-week bills . </s>
<s> Connecticut UNK & Power Co. -- </s>
<s> Three million shares of $ 25 preferred , via competitive bidding . </s>
<s> UNK Crude UNK Ltd. -- </s>
<s> Four million common shares , via Salomon Brothers Inc . </s>
<s> Baldwin Technology Co. -- </s>
<s> 2.6 million Class A shares , via Smith Barney Harris Upham & Co . </s>
<s> UNK Entertainment Corp. -- </s>
<s> $ 250 million ( face amount ) UNK UNK UNK Notes , via Merrill Lynch Capital Markets . </s>
<s> Chase Manhattan Corp. -- </s>
<s> 14 million common shares , via Goldman , Sachs & Co . </s>
<s> UNK Corp. -- </s>
<s> $ 150 million convertible debentures , via Merrill Lynch . </s>
<s> UNK Industries -- </s>
<s> 1.3 million common shares , via Merrill Lynch . </s>
<s> Eastern Utilities Associates -- </s>
<s> 1.5 million common shares , via PaineWebber Inc . </s>
<s> UNK UNK Plans Inc. -- </s>
<s> Two million common shares , via Dean Witter Capital Markets . </s>
<s> UNK Corp. -- </s>
<s> UNK common shares , via Goldman Sachs . </s>
<s> UNK Inc. -- </s>
<s> 2.4 million common shares , via Montgomery Securities . </s>
<s> Oregon -- </s>
<s> $ 100 million of general obligation veterans ' tax notes , Series 1989 , via competitive bid . </s>
<s> Washington , D.C. -- </s>
<s> $ 200 million of 1990 general obligation tax revenue notes ( Series UNK ) , via competitive bid . </s>
<s> Virginia Public School Authority -- </s>
<s> $ UNK of school financing bonds , 1989 Series B ( 1987 resolution ) , via competitive bid . </s>
<s> Austin , Texas -- </s>
<s> $ UNK of various bonds , including $ 32 million hotel UNK tax revenue bonds , Series UNK , and $ UNK million convention center revenue bonds , Series UNK , via a Morgan Stanley & Co. group . </s>
<s> California Health Facilities Financing Authority -- </s>
<s> $ UNK million of Kaiser UNK revenue bonds , via a PaineWebber group . </s>
<s> Connecticut -- </s>
<s> $ 100 million of general obligation capital appreciation bonds , College Savings Plan , 1989 Series B , via a Prudential-Bache Capital Funding group . </s>
<s> Pennsylvania Higher Education Facilities Authority -- </s>
<s> $ UNK million of revenue bonds for UNK University , Series 1989 , via a Merrill Lynch group . </s>
<s> Tennessee Valley Authority -- </s>
<s> Three billion of power bonds , via First Boston Corp . </s>
<s> University of Medicine And UNK of New Jersey -- </s>
<s> $ 55 million of Series C bonds , via a Prudential-Bache group . </s>
<s> West Virginia UNK , Economic Development And UNK Authority -- </s>
<s> $ UNK million of UNK revenue bonds , Series 1989 , via a PaineWebber group . </s>
<s> San Antonio , Texas -- </s>
<s> $ UNK million of gas and electric revenue refunding bonds , via a First Boston group . </s>
<s> South UNK Health & Education UNK Authority -- </s>
<s> $ UNK million of UNK City UNK Hospital bonds , via a UNK , UNK , UNK & UNK Inc. group . </s>
<s> UNK of those during the 1987 crash -- that as stock prices plummeted and trading activity UNK , some phone calls to market makers in over-the-counter stocks went UNK . </s>
<s> `` We could n't get dealers to answer their phones , '' said Robert King , senior vice president of OTC trading at UNK Co. in Atlanta . </s>
<s> `` It was { like } the Friday before Black Monday '' two years ago . </s>
<s> Whether UNK phone calls had any effect or not , Nasdaq stocks sank far less than those on the New York and American exchanges . </s>
<s> Nonetheless , the Nasdaq Composite Index suffered its biggest point decline of the year and its sixth worst ever , UNK UNK , or 3 % , to UNK . </s>
<s> Ten points of the drop occurred during the last 45 minutes of trading . </s>
<s> By comparison , the New York Stock Exchange Composite tumbled 5.8 % Friday and the American Stock Exchange Composite fell 4 % . </s>
<s> On Oct. 16 , 1987 , the Nasdaq Composite fell UNK points , or 3.8 % , followed by its devastating UNK , or 11 % slide , three days later . </s>
<s> Nasdaq volume Friday totaled UNK million shares , which was only the fifth busiest day so far this year . </s>
<s> The UNK record of UNK million shares was set on Oct. 21 , </s>
<s> `` There was n't a lot of volume because it was just impossible to get stock moved , '' said UNK `` UNK '' UNK , president of UNK , UNK , UNK , a New York company that makes markets in thousands of OTC issues . </s>
<s> Most of the complaints about UNK phone calls came from regional brokers rather than individual investors . </s>
<s> Mr. King of UNK and others were quick to add that they believe the problem stemmed more from traders ' inability to handle the volume of calls , rather than a UNK attempt to avoid making trades . </s>
<s> The subject is a UNK one for Nasdaq and its UNK companies , which were widely criticized two years ago following complaints from investors who could n't reach their brokers or trade in the chaos of the crash . </s>
<s> Peter UNK , head of retail equity trading at Shearson Lehman Hutton , declared : `` It was the last hour of trading on a Friday . </s>
<s> There were too many phones ringing and too many things happening to expect market makers to be as efficient as UNK . </s>
<s> It was n't UNK , we were all busy . '' </s>
<s> James UNK , head of OTC trading at Hambrecht & Quist in San Francisco , said , `` It was just like two years ago . </s>
<s> Everybody was trying to do the same thing at the same time . '' </s>
<s> UNK UNK , the OTC trading chief at Dean Witter Reynolds in New York , said UNK that his company executed every order it received by the close of trading . </s>
<s> But , he added , `` you can only take one call at a time . '' </s>
<s> Market makers keep supplies of stock on hand to maintain UNK trading when imbalances occur . </s>
<s> On days like Friday , that means they must buy shares from sellers when no one else is willing to . </s>
<s> When selling is so UNK , prices fall UNK and fast . </s>
<s> Two years ago , faced with the possibility of heavy losses on the stocks in their inventories , market makers themselves began UNK shares , UNK the slide in OTC stock prices . </s>
<s> On Friday , some market makers were selling again , traders said . </s>
<s> But , with profits sagging on Wall Street since the crash , companies have kept smaller share UNK on hand . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK of Hambrecht & Quist said some prices fell without trades taking place , as market makers kept dropping the prices at which they would buy shares . </s>
<s> `` Everyone was hitting everyone else 's bid , '' he said . </s>
<s> So , while OTC companies incurred losses on Friday , trading officials said the damage was n't as bad as it was in 1987 . </s>
<s> `` Two years ago we were carrying huge inventories and that was the big UNK . </s>
<s> I do n't know of anyone carrying big inventories now , '' said Mr. King of UNK . </s>
<s> Tony UNK , head of equity trading at UNK , UNK & UNK in Minneapolis , said that UNK UNK actually made money on Friday . </s>
<s> It helped that his inventory is a third smaller now than it was two years ago , he said . </s>
<s> Joseph UNK , president of the National Association of Securities Dealers , which oversees the Nasdaq computerized trading system , said that despite the rush of selling , he never considered the situation an `` emergency . '' </s>
<s> `` The pace of trading was UNK , '' he said . </s>
<s> Nasdaq 's Small Order UNK System `` worked UNK , '' as did the automated system for larger trades , according to Mr. UNK . </s>
<s> Nevertheless , the shock of another steep plunge in stock prices UNK will shake many investors ' confidence . </s>
<s> In the past , the OTC market UNK on a firm base of UNK participation . </s>
<s> Because Nasdaq 's trading volume has n't returned to UNK levels , traders and OTC market officials hope the damage wo n't be permanent . </s>
<s> But they are worried . </s>
<s> `` We were just starting to get the public 's confidence back , '' UNK Mr. UNK of Dean Witter . </s>
<s> More troubling is the prospect that the overall collapse in stock prices could UNK erode the base of UNK support the OTC market was struggling to rebuild in the wake of the October 1987 crash . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK of UNK UNK says some action from government policy makers would UNK investor fears . </s>
<s> It wo n't take much more to `` UNK the UNK out of retail investors , '' he says . </s>
<s> The sellers on Friday came from all UNK of the OTC market -- big and small institutional investors , as well as individual investors and market makers . </s>
<s> But UNK traders said the sell orders generally ranged from 20,000 shares to 50,000 shares , compared with blocks of 500,000 shares or more two years ago . </s>
<s> Shearson 's Mr. UNK said retail investors UNK sold stock Friday and never returned to UNK . </s>
<s> Institutional investors , which had been selling stock throughout last week to lock in UNK gains made through the third quarter , were UNK . </s>
<s> `` We had a good amount of selling from institutions , but not as much panic , '' Mr. UNK said . </s>
<s> `` If they could n't sell , some of them put the shares back on the shelf . '' </s>
<s> In addition , he said , some bigger institutional investors placed bids to buy some OTC stocks whose prices were UNK down . </s>
<s> In addition , Mr. UNK said computer-guided program selling of OTC stocks in the Russell Index of 2000 small stocks and the Standard & Poor 's 500-stock Index sent UNK `` waves `` through the market . </s>
<s> Nasdaq 's biggest stocks were UNK . </s>
<s> The Nasdaq 100 Index of the largest UNK issues , including the big OTC technology issues , tumbled 4.2 % , or UNK , to UNK . </s>
<s> The Nasdaq Financial Index of giant insurance and banking stocks dropped 2 % , or UNK , to UNK . </s>
<s> The OTC market has only a handful of UNK stocks . </s>
<s> But they fell sharply . </s>
<s> McCaw Cellular Communications , for instance , has offered to buy LIN Broadcasting as well as Metromedia 's New York City cellular telephone interests , and in a separate transaction , sell certain McCaw properties to Contel Cellular . </s>
<s> McCaw lost 8 % , or 3 1\/2 , to 40 . </s>
<s> LIN Broadcasting , dropped 5 1\/2 , or 5 % , to 107 1\/2 . </s>
<s> The turnover in both issues was roughly normal . </s>
<s> On a day when negative UNK news did n't sit well with investors , Commercial UNK , a maker of engineered metal parts , said Haas & Partners advised it that it does n't plan to pursue its previously reported $ UNK bid to buy the company . </s>
<s> Commercial UNK plummeted 6 to 26 . </s>
<s> The issues of companies with ties to the junk bond market also tumbled Friday . </s>
<s> On the OTC market , First Executive , a big buyer of the high-risk , high-yield issues , slid 2 to 12 1\/4 . </s>
<s> Among other OTC issues , Intel , dropped 2 1\/8 to 33 7\/8 ; UNK Transportation lost 1 1\/8 to 19 1\/2 ; the American depositary receipts of Jaguar were off 1\/4 to 10 1\/4 ; MCI Communications slipped 2 1\/4 to 43 1\/2 ; Apple Computer fell 3 to 45 3\/4 and UNK dropped 2 1\/4 to 66 3\/4 . </s>
<s> The oil industry 's UNK profits could UNK through the rest of the year . </s>
<s> Major oil companies in the next few days are expected to report much less robust earnings than they did for the third quarter a year ago , largely reflecting deteriorating chemical prices and gasoline profitability . </s>
<s> The gasoline picture may improve this quarter , but chemicals are likely to remain weak , industry executives and analysts say , reducing chances that profits could equal their year-earlier performance . </s>
<s> The industry is `` seeing a softening somewhat in volume and certainly in price in petrochemicals , '' Glenn UNK , president of Phillips Petroleum Co. , said in an interview . </s>
<s> `` That change will obviously impact third and fourth quarter earnings '' for the industry in general , he added . </s>
<s> He did n't forecast Phillips 's results . </s>
<s> But securities analysts say Phillips will be among the companies UNK by weak chemical prices and will probably post a drop in third-quarter earnings . </s>
<s> So , too , many analysts predict , will Exxon Corp. , Chevron Corp. and Amoco Corp . </s>
<s> Typical is what happened to the price of UNK , a major commodity chemical produced in vast amounts by many oil companies . </s>
<s> It has plunged 13 % since July to around 26 cents a pound . </s>
<s> A year ago UNK sold for 33 cents , UNK at about 34 cents last December . </s>
<s> A big reason for the chemical price retreat is UNK . </s>
<s> UNK in UNK , prices began accelerating as a growing U.S. economy and the weak dollar spurred demand . </s>
<s> Companies added capacity UNK . </s>
<s> Now , greatly increased supplies are on the market , while the dollar is stronger , and domestic economic growth is slower . </s>
<s> Third-quarter profits from gasoline were weaker . </s>
<s> `` UNK margins were so good in the third quarter of last year and generally not very good this year , '' said William UNK , a securities analyst at First Boston Corp . </s>
<s> Oil company UNK ran flat out to prepare for a robust holiday driving season in July and August that did n't UNK . </s>
<s> The excess supply pushed gasoline prices down in that period . </s>
<s> In addition , crude oil prices were up some from a year earlier , further UNK profitability . </s>
<s> UNK say margins picked up in September , and many industry officials believe gasoline profits will rebound this quarter , though still not to the level of 1988 's fourth quarter . </s>
<s> During the 1988 second half , many companies posted record gasoline and chemical profits . </s>
<s> Crude oil production may turn out to be the most surprising element of companies ' earnings this year . </s>
<s> Prices -- averaging roughly $ 2 a barrel higher in the third quarter than a year earlier -- have stayed well above most companies ' expectations . </s>
<s> Demand has been much stronger than anticipated , and it typically UNK in the fourth quarter . </s>
<s> `` We could see higher oil prices this year , '' said UNK UNK , an analyst at PaineWebber Inc . </s>
<s> That will translate into sharply higher production profits , particularly compared with last year when oil prices steadily fell to below $ 13 a barrel in the fourth quarter . </s>
<s> While oil prices have been better than expected , natural gas prices have been worse . </s>
<s> In the third quarter , they averaged about 5 % less than they were in 1988 . </s>
<s> The main reason remains weather . </s>
<s> Last summer was UNK for a heat wave and drought that caused utilities to UNK more natural gas to feed increased electrical demand from air UNK use . </s>
<s> This summer , on the other hand , had UNK weather than usual . </s>
<s> `` We 've been very disappointed in the performance of natural gas prices , '' said Mr. UNK , Phillips 's president . </s>
<s> `` The lagging gas price is not going to assist fourth quarter performance as many had expected . '' </s>
<s> UNK into the fourth quarter , natural gas prices are anywhere from 8 % to 17 % lower than a year earlier . </s>
<s> For instance , natural gas currently produced along the Gulf Coast is selling on the spot market for around $ UNK a thousand cubic feet , down 13 % from $ UNK a thousand cubic feet a year ago . </s>
<s> Moody 's Investors Service said it reduced its rating on $ UNK million of subordinated debt of this Beverly Hills , Calif. , thrift , citing turmoil in the market for UNK , high-yield securities . </s>
<s> The agency said it reduced its rating on the thrift 's subordinated debt to B-2 from UNK and will keep the debt under review for possible further downgrade . </s>
<s> Columbia Savings is a major holder of so-called junk bonds . </s>
<s> New federal legislation requires that all thrifts UNK themselves of such speculative securities over a period of years . </s>
<s> Columbia Savings officials were n't available for comment on the downgrade . </s>
<s> UNK UNK ASSOCIATION ( UNK , UNK ) -- </s>
<s> Moody 's Investors Service Inc. said it downgraded its rating to B-2 from UNK on less than $ 20 million of this thrift 's senior subordinated notes . </s>
<s> The rating concern said Franklin 's `` troubled diversification record in the securities business '' was one reason for the downgrade , citing the troubles at its UNK Rothschild subsidiary and the possible sale of other subsidiaries . </s>
<s> `` They perhaps had concern that we were getting out of all these , '' said Franklin President UNK H. Hall . </s>
<s> `` I think it was a little UNK on their part . </s>
<s> Robert G. UNK , 62 years old , was elected a director of this provider of advanced technology systems and services , increasing the board to eight members . </s>
<s> He retired as senior vice president , finance and administration , and chief financial officer of the company Oct. 1 . </s>
<s> It was Friday the 13th , and the stock market plummeted nearly 200 points . </s>
<s> Just a UNK ? </s>
<s> Or is UNK -- fear of the number 13 -- justified ? </s>
<s> In UNK , a so-called Friday the 13th effect has been set up and shot down by different UNK . </s>
<s> Robert UNK and UNK UNK , UNK of finance at the University of Miami , found evidence that the market is UNK by Friday the 13th . </s>
<s> But their study , which UNK the UNK period , has since been shown to be UNK by an UNK choice of data . </s>
<s> In the UNK , the market took falls nine times in a row on Friday the UNK . </s>
<s> But the date tends to be a plus , not a minus , for stocks , according to Yale UNK , a UNK of stock market UNK . </s>
<s> Another study found that the UNK UNK the 13th in the UNK period had higher than average returns -- higher even than UNK in general , which tend to be strong days for stock prices . </s>
<s> On the only other Friday the 13th this year , the Dow Jones Industrial Average rose about four points . </s>
<s> UNK UNK says the original study , titled Friday the 13th , Part UNK , was published UNK . </s>
<s> In a similar UNK , he adds that the anniversary of the 1987 crash and Saturday 's full UNK could have played a part , too , in Friday 's market activity . </s>
<s> UNK Ltd. said its utilities arm is considering building new electric power plants , some valued at more than one billion Canadian dollars ( US$ UNK million ) , in Great Britain and elsewhere . </s>
<s> UNK UNK , UNK 's senior vice president , finance , said its UNK Canadian Utilities Ltd. unit is reviewing UNK projects in UNK Canada , and conventional electric power generating plants elsewhere , including Britain , where the British government plans to allow limited competition in electrical generation from private-sector suppliers as part of its privatization program . </s>
<s> `` The projects are big . </s>
<s> They can be C$ 1 billion plus , '' Mr. UNK said . </s>
<s> `` But we would n't go into them alone , '' and Canadian Utilities ' equity stake would be small , he said . </s>
<s> `` UNK , we 'd like to be the operator { of the project } and a modest equity investor . </s>
<s> Our long suit is our proven ability to operate '' power plants , he said . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK would n't offer UNK regarding UNK 's proposed British project , but he said it would compete for customers with two huge British power generating companies that would be formed under the country 's plan to UNK its massive water and electric utilities . </s>
<s> Britain 's government plans to raise about # 20 billion ( $ UNK billion ) from the sale of most of its giant water and electric utilities , beginning next month . </s>
<s> The planned electric utility sale , scheduled for next year , is alone expected to raise # 13 billion , making it the world 's largest public offering . </s>
<s> Under terms of the plan , independent UNK would be able to compete for 15 % of customers until 1994 , and for another 10 % between 1994 and 1998 . </s>
<s> Canadian Utilities had 1988 revenue of C$ UNK billion , mainly from its natural gas and electric utility businesses in Alberta , where the company serves about 800,000 customers . </s>
<s> `` There seems to be a move around the world to UNK the generation of electricity , '' Mr. UNK said , and Canadian Utilities hopes to capitalize on it . </s>
<s> `` This is a real thrust on our utility side , '' he said , adding that Canadian Utilities is also UNK projects in UNK countries , though he would be specific . </s>
<s> Canadian Utilities is n't alone in exploring power generation opportunities in Britain , in anticipation of the privatization program . </s>
<s> `` We 're certainly looking at some power generating projects in England , '' said Bruce UNK , vice president , corporate strategy and corporate planning , with UNK Corp. , Houston , a big natural gas producer and pipeline operator . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK said UNK is considering building UNK power plants in the U.K. capable of producing about 500 UNK of power at a cost of about $ 300 million to $ 400 million . </s>
<s> UNK from the strike by 55,000 Machinists union members against Boeing Co. reached air carriers Friday as America West Airlines announced it will postpone its new service out of Houston because of delays in receiving aircraft from the Seattle jet maker . </s>
<s> Peter UNK , vice president for planning at the Phoenix , Ariz. , carrier , said in an interview that the work UNK at Boeing , now entering its 13th day , `` has caused some turmoil in our UNK '' and that more than 500 passengers who were UNK to fly out of Houston on America West would now be put on other airlines . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK said Boeing told America West that the UNK it was supposed to get this Thursday would n't be delivered until Nov. 7 -- the day after the airline had been planning to UNK service at Houston with four daily flights , including three UNK to Phoenix and one UNK to Las Vegas . </s>
<s> Now , those routes are n't expected to begin until UNK . </s>
<s> Boeing is also supposed to send to America West another UNK UNK aircraft as well as a UNK by year 's end . </s>
<s> Those , too , are almost certain to arrive late . </s>
<s> At this point , no other America West flights -- including its new service at San Antonio , Texas ; Newark , N.J. ; and UNK , Calif. -- have been affected by the delays in Boeing deliveries . </s>
<s> Nevertheless , the company 's reaction UNK the UNK effect that a huge manufacturer such as Boeing can have on other parts of the economy . </s>
<s> It also is sure to help the machinists put added pressure on the company . </s>
<s> `` I just do n't feel that the company can really stand or would want a prolonged UNK , '' Tom Baker , president of Machinists ' District UNK , said in an interview yesterday . </s>
<s> `` I do n't think their customers would like it very much . '' </s>
<s> America West , though , is a smaller airline and therefore more affected by the delayed delivery of a single plane than many of its competitors would be . </s>
<s> `` I figure that American and United probably have such a hard time counting all the planes in their UNK , they might not miss one at all , '' Mr. UNK said . </s>
<s> Indeed , a random check Friday did n't seem to indicate that the strike was having much of an effect on other airline operations . </s>
<s> Southwest Airlines has a Boeing UNK set for delivery at the end of this month and expects to have the plane on time . </s>
<s> `` It 's so close to completion , Boeing 's told us there wo n't be a problem , '' said a Southwest spokesman . </s>
<s> A spokesman for AMR Corp. said Boeing has assured American Airlines it will deliver a UNK on time later this month . </s>
<s> American is preparing to take delivery of another UNK in early December and 20 more next year and is n't UNK any changes in that timetable . </s>
<s> In Seattle , a Boeing spokesman explained that the company has been in constant UNK with all of its customers and that it was impossible to predict what further disruptions might be triggered by the strike . </s>
<s> Meanwhile , supervisors and UNK employees have been trying to finish some 40 aircraft -- mostly UNK and UNK jumbo UNK at the company 's UNK , Wash. , plant -- that were all but completed before the UNK . </s>
<s> As of Friday , four had been delivered and a fifth plane , a UNK , was supposed to be UNK out over the weekend to Air China . </s>
<s> No date has yet been set to get back to the bargaining table . </s>
<s> `` We want to make sure they know what they want before they come back , '' said UNK Hammond , the federal mediator who has been in contact with both sides since the strike began . </s>
<s> The investment community , for one , has been UNK a UNK resolution . </s>
<s> Though Boeing 's stock price was battered along with the rest of the market Friday , it actually has risen over the last two weeks on the strength of new orders . </s>
<s> `` The market has taken two views : that the labor situation will get settled in the short term and that things look very UNK for Boeing in the long term , '' said Howard UNK , an analyst at UNK J. Lawrence Inc . </s>
<s> Boeing 's shares fell $ 4 Friday to close at $ UNK in composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange . </s>
<s> But Mr. Baker said he thinks the earliest a pact could be struck would be the end of this month , UNK that the company and union may resume negotiations as early as this week . </s>
<s> Still , he said , it 's possible that the strike could last considerably longer . </s>
<s> `` I would n't expect an immediate resolution to anything . '' </s>
<s> Last week , Boeing Chairman Frank UNK sent striking workers a letter , saying that `` to my knowledge , Boeing 's offer represents the best overall three-year contract of any major U.S. industrial firm in recent history . '' </s>
<s> But Mr. Baker called the letter -- and the company 's offer of a 10 % wage increase over the life of the pact , plus bonuses -- `` very weak . '' </s>
<s> He added that the company UNK the union 's resolve and the workers ' UNK with being forced to work many hours overtime . </s>
<s> In separate developments : -- UNK have broken off between Machinists representatives at Lockheed Corp. and the UNK , Calif. , aerospace company . </s>
<s> The union is continuing to work through its expired contract , however . </s>
<s> It had planned a strike vote for next Sunday , but that has been pushed back indefinitely . </s>
<s> -- United Auto Workers Local UNK , which represents 3,000 workers at Boeing 's helicopter unit in Delaware County , Pa. , said it agreed to extend its contract on a UNK basis , with a UNK notification to cancel , while it continues bargaining . </s>
<s> The accord expired yesterday . </s>
<s> -- And Boeing on Friday said it received an order from UNK UNK for four model UNK UNK UNK valued at a total of about $ UNK million . </s>
<s> The planes , long range versions of the UNK UNK , will be delivered with UNK & UNK UNK engines . </s>
<s> UNK & UNK is a unit of United Technologies Inc . </s>
<s> UNK UNK is based in Amsterdam . </s>
<s> A Boeing spokeswoman said a delivery date for the planes is still being worked out `` for a variety of reasons , but not because of the strike . '' </s>
<s> UNK UNK contributed to this article . </s>
<s> UNK Corp. said that it filed part of its UNK report with the Securities and Exchange Commission , but that the filing does n't include its UNK financial statements and related information . </s>
<s> The real estate and thrift concern , operating under bankruptcy-law proceedings , said it told the SEC it could n't provide financial statements by the end of its first extension `` without UNK burden or expense . '' </s>
<s> The company asked for a UNK extension Sept. 30 , when the financial reports were due . </s>
<s> UNK said it plans to UNK its UNK to provide financial results as soon as its audit is completed . </s>
<s> Earnings for most of the nation 's major pharmaceutical makers are believed to have moved ahead UNK in the third quarter , as companies with newer , UNK prescription drugs fared especially well . </s>
<s> For the third consecutive quarter , however , most of the companies ' revenues were battered by adverse foreign-currency UNK as a result of the strong dollar abroad . </s>
<s> Analysts said that Merck & Co. , Eli Lilly & Co. , Warner-Lambert Co. and the Squibb Corp. unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. all benefited from strong sales of relatively new , UNK UNK that provide wide profit margins . </s>
<s> UNK robust earnings at Pfizer Inc. and Upjohn Co. were attributed to those companies ' older products , many of which face UNK competition from generic drugs and other UNK . </s>
<s> Joseph UNK , an analyst with Bear , Stearns & Co. , said that over the past few years most drug makers have shed their UNK businesses and instituted other cost savings , such as consolidating manufacturing plants and administrative staffs . </s>
<s> As a result , `` major new products are having significant impact , even on a company with very large revenues , '' Mr. UNK said . </s>
<s> Analysts said profit for the dozen or so big drug makers , as a group , is estimated to have climbed between 11 % and 14 % . </s>
<s> While that 's not spectacular , Neil UNK , an analyst with Prudential UNK , said that the rate of growth will `` look especially good as compared to other companies if the economy turns downward . '' </s>
<s> Mr. UNK estimated that Merck 's profit for the quarter rose by about 22 % , propelled by sales of its UNK of fast-growing prescription drugs , including its UNK drug , UNK ; a high blood pressure medicine , UNK ; UNK , an UNK , and UNK , an UNK UNK . </s>
<s> Profit climbed even though Merck 's sales were reduced by `` one to three percentage points '' as a result of the strong dollar , Mr. UNK said . </s>
<s> In the third quarter of 1988 , Merck earned $ UNK million , or 79 cents a share . </s>
<s> In UNK , N.J. , a Merck spokesman said the company does n't make earnings projections . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK said he estimated that Lilly 's earnings for the quarter jumped about 20 % , largely because of the performance of its new UNK UNK . </s>
<s> The drug , introduced last year , is expected to generate sales of about $ 300 million this year . </s>
<s> `` It 's turning out to be a real UNK , '' Mr. UNK said . </s>
<s> In last year 's third quarter , Lilly earned $ UNK million , or $ 1.20 a share . </s>
<s> In Indianapolis , Lilly declined comment . </s>
<s> Several analysts said they expected Warner-Lambert 's profit also to increase by more than 20 % from $ UNK million , or $ 1.25 a share , it reported in the like period last year . </s>
<s> The company is praised by analysts for sharply lowering its costs in recent years and UNK numerous companies with low profit margins . </s>
<s> The company 's lean operation , analysts said , allowed UNK sales from its cholesterol drug , UNK , to power earnings growth . </s>
<s> UNK sales are expected to be about $ 300 million this year , up from $ 190 million in 1988 . </s>
<s> In Morris UNK , N.J. , a spokesman for the company said the analysts ' projections are `` in the UNK . '' </s>
<s> Squibb 's profit , estimated by analysts to be about 18 % above the $ UNK million , or $ 1.25 a share , it earned in the third quarter of 1988 , was the result of especially strong sales of its UNK drug for treating high blood pressure and other heart disease . </s>
<s> The company was officially merged with Bristol-Myers Co. earlier this month . </s>
<s> Bristol-Myers declined to comment . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK of Bear Stearns said that Schering-Plough Corp. 's expected profit rise of about 18 % to 20 % , and UNK 's expected profit increase of about 13 % are largely because `` those companies are really managed well . '' </s>
<s> UNK earned $ UNK million , or 84 cents a share , while Bristol-Myers earned $ UNK million , or 81 cents a share , in the like period a year earlier . </s>
<s> In Madison , N.J. , a spokesman for Schering-Plough said the company has `` no problems '' with the average estimate by a analysts that third-quarter earnings per share rose by about 19 % , to $ 1 . </s>
<s> The company expects to achieve the 20 % increase in full-year earnings per share , as it projected in the spring , the spokesman said . </s>
<s> Meanwhile , analysts said Pfizer 's recent string of lackluster quarterly performances continued , as earnings in the quarter were expected to decline by about 5 % . </s>
<s> Sales of Pfizer 's important drugs , UNK for treating UNK , and UNK , a heart medicine , have UNK because of increased competition . </s>
<s> `` The ( strong ) dollar hurt Pfizer a lot , too , '' Mr. UNK said . </s>
<s> In the third quarter last year , Pfizer earned $ UNK million , or $ 1.29 a share . </s>
<s> In New York , the company declined comment . </s>
<s> Analysts said they expected Upjohn 's profit to be flat or rise by only about 2 % to 4 % as compared with $ UNK million , or 49 cents a share , it earned a year ago . </s>
<s> Upjohn 's UNK drugs are UNK , a UNK , and UNK , a UNK . </s>
<s> Sales of both drugs have been hurt by new state laws UNK the UNK of certain UNK UNK and adverse publicity about the excessive use of the drugs . </s>
<s> Also , the company 's UNK drug , UNK , is selling well -- at about $ 125 million for the year , but the company 's profit from the drug has been reduced by Upjohn 's expensive print and television campaigns for advertising , analysts said . </s>
<s> In UNK , Mich. , Upjohn declined comment . </s>
<s> Kenneth J. UNK , who was named president of this thrift holding company in August , resigned , citing personal reasons . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK said he had planned to travel between the job in Denver and his San Diego home , but has found the commute too difficult to continue . </s>
<s> A new president was n't named . </s>
<s> Britain 's retail price index rose 0.7 % in September from August and was up 7.6 % for the year , the Central UNK Office said . </s>
<s> Honeywell Inc. and International Business Machines Corp. received Air Force contracts to develop integrated circuits for use in space . </s>
<s> Honeywell 's contract totaled $ UNK million , and IBM 's $ UNK million . </s>
<s> Boeing Co. received a $ UNK million Air Force contract for developing cable systems for the UNK UNK . </s>
<s> General Dynamics Corp. received a $ 29 million Air Force contract for UNK training sets . </s>
<s> Grumman Corp. received an $ UNK million Navy contract to upgrade aircraft electronics . </s>
<s> UNK Corp. received an $ 11.8 million Army contract for helicopter engines . </s>
<s> Newport Corp. said it expects to report UNK earnings of between 15 cents and 19 cents a share , somewhat below analysts ' estimates of 19 cents to 23 cents . </s>
<s> The maker of scientific instruments and laser parts said orders fell below expectations in recent months . </s>
<s> A spokesman added that sales in the current quarter will about equal the UNK quarter 's figure , when Newport reported net income of $ 1.7 million , or 21 cents a share , on $ UNK million in sales . </s>
<s> In response to your overly optimistic , UNK piece on how long unemployment UNK ( People UNK , Sept. 20 ) : I am in the communications field , above entry level . </s>
<s> I was laid off in August 1988 , and after a UNK and UNK job search , was hired in August 1989 . </s>
<s> My unemployment insurance ran out before I found a job ; I found cutbacks and layoffs in many companies . </s>
<s> The statistics quoted by the `` new '' Census Bureau report ( UNK from 1984 to 1986 ) are out of date , certainly as an average for the Northeast , and possibly for the rest of the country . </s>
<s> I think what bothered me most about the piece was that there seemed to be an underlying attitude to tell your readers all is well -- if you 're getting laid off do n't worry , and if you 're UNK , it 's a seller 's market . </s>
<s> To top it off , you UNK the UNK showing the average number of months in a job search as `` Time UNK . '' </s>
<s> Are you UNK ? </s>
<s> Looking for a job was one of the most anxious periods of my life -- and is for most people . </s>
<s> Your paper needs a serious reality check . </s>
<s> UNK UNK </s>
<s> Cambridge , Mass . </s>
<s> British Aerospace PLC and France 's UNK S.A. said they are UNK an agreement to merge their UNK divisions , greatly expanding collaboration between the two defense contractors . </s>
<s> The 50-50 joint venture , which may be dubbed UNK , would have combined annual sales of at least # 1.4 billion ( $ UNK billion ) and would be among the world 's largest missile makers . </s>
<s> After two years of talks , plans for the venture are sufficiently advanced for the companies to seek French and British government clearance . </s>
<s> The companies hope for a final agreement by year-end . </s>
<s> The venture would strengthen the rapidly growing ties between the two companies , and help make them a leading force in European defense contracting . </s>
<s> In recent months , a string of cross-border mergers and joint ventures have UNK the UNK world of European arms manufacture . </s>
<s> Already , British Aerospace and French UNK UNK UNK on a British missile contract and on an UNK control radar system . </s>
<s> Just last week they announced they may make a joint bid to buy UNK International UNK PLC , a smaller British defense contractor UNK by alleged accounting fraud at a U.S. unit . </s>
<s> The sudden UNK of British Aerospace and UNK -- traditionally bitter competitors for Middle East and Third World weapons contracts -- is UNK controversy in Western Europe 's defense industry . </s>
<s> Most threatened by closer British UNK ties would be their respective national rivals , including UNK S.A. in France and Britain 's General Electric Co. PLC . </s>
<s> But neither UNK nor UNK -- unrelated to Stamford , UNK General Electric Co. -- are sitting quietly by as their competitors join forces . </s>
<s> Yesterday , a source close to UNK confirmed that his company may join the UNK fight , as part of a possible consortium that would bid against British Aerospace and UNK . </s>
<s> Companies with which UNK has had talks about a possible joint UNK bid include UNK , Britain 's UNK Group PLC , West Germany 's Daimler-Benz AG , and France 's UNK group . </s>
<s> But it may be weeks before UNK and its potential partners decide whether to bid , the source indicated . </s>
<s> UNK plans first to study UNK 's financial accounts , which UNK recently said included # UNK million in UNK contracts at a U.S. unit , International UNK & Control Group , with which UNK merged last year . </s>
<s> Also , any UNK bid might be blocked by British antitrust regulators ; UNK is UNK 's main competitor on several key UNK contracts , and its purchase by UNK may UNK British Defense Ministry worries about UNK in the country 's defense industry . </s>
<s> A consortium bid , however , would UNK UNK 's direct role in UNK and might UNK UNK ministry officials . </s>
<s> A British Aerospace spokeswoman appeared UNK by the prospect of a fight with UNK for UNK : `` UNK is the name of the game , '' she said . </s>
<s> At least one potential UNK partner , UNK , insists it is n't interested in UNK . </s>
<s> `` We have nothing to say about this affair , which does n't concern us , '' a UNK official said Sunday . </s>
<s> The missile venture , the British Aerospace spokeswoman said , is a needed response to the `` new environment '' in defense contracting . </s>
<s> For both Thomson and British Aerospace , earnings in their home markets have come under pressure from increasingly UNK defense ministries ; and Middle East sales , a traditional mainstay for both companies ' exports , have been hurt by five years of weak oil prices . </s>
<s> The venture 's importance for Thomson is great . </s>
<s> Thomson feels the future of its defense business depends on building cooperation with other Europeans . </s>
<s> The European defense industry is consolidating ; for instance , West Germany 's UNK AG recently joined UNK in a takeover of Britain 's UNK Co. , and Daimler-Benz agreed to buy UNK UNK UNK . UNK . </s>
<s> In missiles , Thomson is already UNK by British Aerospace and by its home rival , France 's UNK S.A. ; to better compete , Thomson officials say , they need a partnership . </s>
<s> To justify 50-50 ownership of the planned venture , Thomson would make a cash payment to British Aerospace . </s>
<s> UNK revenue of British Aerospace 's missile business is about # UNK million , a Thomson spokesman said . </s>
<s> British Aerospace 's chief missile products include its UNK family of UNK UNK missiles . </s>
<s> Thomson missile products , with about half British Aerospace 's annual revenue , include the UNK UNK missile family . </s>
<s> UNK Products Inc. said a U.S. District Court in Boston ruled that a challenge by UNK to the UNK of a U.S. patent held by UNK Inc. was `` without merit . '' </s>
<s> UNK , based in UNK , Sweden , had charged in a lawsuit against UNK that UNK 's UNK product line UNK on the UNK patent . </s>
<s> The patent is related to UNK acid , a UNK UNK used in eye surgery . </s>
<s> In its lawsuit , UNK is seeking unspecified damages and a preliminary injunction to block UNK from selling the UNK products . </s>
<s> A UNK spokesman said the products contribute about a third of UNK 's sales and 10 % to 20 % of its earnings . </s>
<s> In the year ended Aug. 31 , 1988 , UNK earned $ 2.9 million , or 72 cents a share , on sales of $ UNK million . </s>
<s> UNK said the court 's ruling was issued as part of a `` UNK trial '' in the UNK proceedings and concerns only one of its defenses in the case . </s>
<s> It said it is considering `` all of its options in light of the decision , including a possible appeal . '' </s>
<s> The UNK company added that it plans to `` UNK its other defenses '' against UNK 's lawsuit , including the claim that it has n't UNK on UNK 's patent . </s>
<s> UNK said that the court scheduled a conference for next Monday -- to set a date for proceedings on UNK 's motion for a preliminary injunction . </s>
<s> UNK your Sept. 21 page-one article on Prince Charles and the UNK : It 's a few hundred years since England has been a UNK . </s>
<s> It 's now the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , UNK UNK , Northern Ireland , Scotland , and ... UNK yes , England , too . </s>
<s> Just thought you 'd like to know . </s>
<s> George UNK </s>
<s> Ford Motor Co. said it acquired 5 % of the shares in Jaguar PLC . </s>
<s> Jaguar , the London Stock Exchange and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission are being notified of the transactions , the company said . </s>
<s> The U.S. Federal Trade Commission advised Ford last week that it would n't raise any UNK to the acquisition of as much as 15 % of Jaguar shares . </s>
<s> The No. 2 auto maker disclosed last month that it wants to buy as much as 15 % of the British luxury-car maker , the maximum allowed under current United Kingdom government restrictions . </s>
<s> General Motors Corp. said it had discussed the possibility of a joint venture with Jaguar before Ford began buying shares . </s>
<s> GM said it still is talking with Jaguar about acquiring a minority interest . </s>
<s> Chase Manhattan Bank Chairman UNK UNK is a conservative banker and a loyal Republican , but on Friday morning he had few kind words for President Bush 's economic UNK . </s>
<s> `` There are some very significant issues out there , such as the fiscal deficit , the trade deficit , our relations with Japan , that have to be the subject of major initiatives , '' he said in an interview . </s>
<s> `` I 'd like to see that initiative , and I have n't . </s>
<s> There is n't a big shot , an agenda . '' </s>
<s> A few hours later , the stock market dropped 190 points . </s>
<s> UNK tried to finger each other for the blame , although many analysts doubt that Washington was UNK responsible for Wall Street 's woes . </s>
<s> But Mr. UNK 's comments make one thing clear : Some on Wall Street wonder if anyone is in charge of economic policy . </s>
<s> Consider this : </s>
<s> -- By UNK p.m. tonight , President Bush must order $ 16 billion of automatic , across-the-board cuts in government spending to comply with the Gramm-Rudman budget law . </s>
<s> The cuts are necessary because Congress and the administration have failed to reach agreement on a UNK bill . </s>
<s> `` We simply do n't have strong leadership to try to reduce the deficit and make tough choices , '' House Budget Committee Chairman UNK UNK ( D. , Calif . ) said yesterday on NBC News 's `` UNK the Press . '' </s>
<s> -- For the last two weeks , the Bush administration and the Federal Reserve have been engaged in a UNK battle over international economic policy . </s>
<s> The administration has been trying to push the dollar lower ; the Fed has been UNK . </s>
<s> `` One of the things that continues to worry me is this monetary UNK between the Treasury Department and the Federal Reserve Board , '' said Lawrence UNK , a Bear , Stearns & Co. economist , on ABC 's `` This UNK . '' </s>
<s> -- The administration has sent out confusing signals about its response to a recent UNK of airline takeovers . </s>
<s> Last month , Transportation Secretary Sam Skinner forced Northwest Airlines to reduce a stake held by UNK Royal Dutch Airlines . </s>
<s> But he has since run into opposition from the Treasury and the White House over that decision . </s>
<s> And he has kept UNK on how his decision might affect a bid for United Airlines , which includes a big stake by British Airways PLC . </s>
<s> Some analysts say uncertainty about Washington 's anti-takeover policy was one reason that financing for the United Airlines takeover fell through -- the event that triggered the market drop . </s>
<s> In many ways , the UNK to Friday 's stock decline is UNK similar to that of October 1987 's UNK crash . </s>
<s> Then , as now , the budget debate was behind schedule and automatic spending cuts were within days of taking hold . </s>
<s> The Treasury was locked in a battle over international economic policy , although at that time it was with West German officials rather than the Federal Reserve . </s>
<s> And concern about official actions aimed at takeovers -- then by the UNK House Ways and Means Committee rather than the Transportation Department -- were making markets nervous . </s>
<s> The 1987 crash brought the Reagan administration and Democratic lawmakers to the table for the first budget summit , resulting in a two-year plan to reduce the deficit by more than $ 76 billion -- even though the deficit actually rose by nearly $ 12 billion during that period . </s>
<s> But , barring further drops in the market this week , a similar outcome does n't seem likely this year . </s>
<s> Lawmakers and administration officials agree that Friday 's drop , by itself , is n't enough to force both sides back to the table to try to reach a deficit-reduction agreement that would be more serious and more far-reaching than last spring 's UNK plan , which still is n't fully implemented . </s>
<s> One of the biggest reasons that new talks are n't likely to come about is that , as everyone learned in 1987 , the economy and the market can survive a one-day UNK tumble . </s>
<s> `` Everybody thought we were looking at a UNK of 1929 , that we were looking at a recession , '' Rep. UNK said yesterday in an interview . </s>
<s> `` That did not happen . </s>
<s> They learned they could survive it without much problem . '' </s>
<s> But administration officials privately agree with Mr. UNK , who said a UNK drop this week `` is going to force the president and Congress to take a much harder look at fiscal policy . '' </s>
<s> In that case , there will be plenty of blame to go around . </s>
<s> `` There is an underlying concern on the part of the American people -- and there should be - that the administration has not gone far enough in cutting this deficit and that Congress has been unwilling to cut what the administration asked us to cut , '' said Senate Finance Committee Chairman Lloyd UNK ( D. , Texas ) . </s>
<s> Nevertheless , it clearly will take more than Friday 's 190-point decline to overcome the bitter feelings that have developed between lawmakers and White House Budget Director Richard Darman over the capital-gains fight . </s>
<s> Hill Democrats are particularly angry over Mr. Bush 's claim that the capital-gains cut was part of April 's budget accord and his insistence on combining it with the deficit-reduction legislation . </s>
<s> `` There is no prospect of any so-called grand compromise or deal next year because the administration simply did n't live up to this year 's deal , '' Senate Majority Leader George Mitchell ( D. , Maine ) said yesterday on CBS News 's `` UNK the UNK . '' </s>
<s> During last week 's UNK on the UNK bill and the capital-gains issue , there were signs that Senate Republicans and the administration were at odds . </s>
<s> At the very moment that Senate Republicans were negotiating a deal to exclude capital gains from the deficit-reduction legislation , White House spokesman Marlin Fitzwater told reporters that it was the president 's policy to include it . </s>
<s> When an agreement was reached to strip capital gains from the legislation , Oregon Sen. Bob Packwood , the ranking GOP member of the UNK Senate Finance Committee , hailed it . </s>
<s> Asked if the administration agreed , he UNK replied : `` The UNK will have to speak for itself . '' </s>
<s> Friday 's market tumble could spur action on UNK the House and Senate versions of the deficit-reduction measure , a process that is n't expected to begin until tomorrow at the UNK . </s>
<s> Senate Republicans expressed the hope that the House would follow the lead of the Senate , which on Friday agreed to drop a variety of spending measures and tax breaks that would have increased the fiscal 1990 deficit . </s>
<s> `` The market needs a strong signal that we 're serious about deficit reduction , and the best way to do that is for the House of Representatives to strip their bill '' of similar provisions , Sen. Warren UNK ( R. , UNK . ) . said yesterday . </s>
<s> The White House Office of Management and Budget , whose calculations determine whether the Gramm-Rudman targets are met , estimated that the House-passed deficit-reduction measure would cut the fiscal 1990 UNK by $ 6.2 billion , almost half of the Congressional Budget Office 's estimate of $ UNK billion . </s>
<s> Rep. UNK said that UNK 's figure would still be enough to avoid permanent across-the-board cuts , but added : `` We 're getting very close to the margins here . '' </s>
<s> No one in Washington was willing to take the blame for UNK Friday 's drop in the stock market . </s>
<s> But some players were quick to seize the moment . </s>
<s> Before the sun had set on Friday , Richard UNK , the UNK chief economist of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce , issued a statement UNK the drop in stock prices to the Senate decision to postpone action on capital gains . </s>
<s> `` Investors , who had been holding assets in anticipation of a more favorable time to sell , were UNK , '' he said . </s>
<s> `` There have been many UNK reasons advanced to support a capital-gains tax cut , '' Sen. Mitchell said during his television appearance , `` but I suggest that is perhaps more than any of the others . </s>
<s> The crowded field for UNK computers is about to become a lot more crowded . </s>
<s> Compaq Computer Corp. 's long-awaited entry today into the notebook field is expected to put immediate heat on others in the market , especially UNK Electronics Corp. , the current market leader , and on a UNK of promising UNK . </s>
<s> Compaq 's series of UNK UNK a trend toward UNK in the personal computer market . </s>
<s> One manufacturer already has produced a UNK computer called a UNK , and two others have introduced even smaller `` UNK . '' </s>
<s> But those machines are still considered UNK , with UNK only a UNK could love and screens to match . </s>
<s> Compaq 's UNK , by contrast , may be the first in their weight class not to UNK on features found in much bigger machines . </s>
<s> Analysts say they 're faster and carry more memory than anything else of their size on the market -- and they 're priced aggressively at $ UNK to $ 5,000 . </s>
<s> All of this comes in a machine that UNK only six pounds and fits UNK into most UNK . </s>
<s> In recent months , Compaq 's competition , including UNK , Toshiba Corp. , Tandy Corp. and NEC Corp. all have introduced UNK that weigh approximately the same and that are called UNK -- perhaps UNK . </s>
<s> One analyst , noting that most such machines are about two inches thick , takes exception to the name . </s>
<s> `` This is n't quite a notebook -- I call it a UNK , '' he says . </s>
<s> That ca n't be said of the $ UNK UNK computer introduced a few weeks ago by UNK Systems Corp. , a unit of Tandy . </s>
<s> Instead of a UNK , it features a writing surface , an electronic UNK and the ability to `` read '' block printing . </s>
<s> At 4 1\/2 pounds , it may be too UNK named , but it nevertheless opens up the kind of marketing possibilities that make analysts UNK . </s>
<s> UNK are n't far behind . </s>
<s> UNK Corp. 's Portfolio , introduced in Europe two months ago and in the U.S. in early September , UNK less than a pound , costs a mere $ 400 and runs on three UNK UNK , yet has the power to run some UNK and word processing programs . </s>
<s> Some critics , however , say its ability to run UNK programs is restricted by a limited memory . </s>
<s> UNK Computer Corp. , meanwhile , has introduced a much more sophisticated UNK that can run Lotus UNK and other sophisticated software programs , but costs five times as much . </s>
<s> At stake is what Mike UNK , Compaq 's president of North America operations , calls `` the UNK UNK of the computer industry '' -- the search for `` a real computer in a package so small you can take it everywhere . '' </s>
<s> The market is so new , nobody knows yet how big it can be . </s>
<s> `` I 've had a lot of people trying to sell me services to find out how big it is , '' says Tom UNK , director of marketing for UNK . </s>
<s> `` Whether it 's $ 5 billion or $ 3.5 billion , it does n't matter . </s>
<s> It 's huge . '' </s>
<s> Consider the growth of UNK , which now UNK 12 % of all personal computer sales . </s>
<s> UNK -- generally anything under 15 pounds -- have become the fastest-growing personal computer segment , with sales doubling this year . </s>
<s> UNK to that demand , however , has led to a variety of UNK . </s>
<s> UNK computers smaller often means UNK memory . </s>
<s> It also has UNK use of the faster , more powerful UNK found in increasing numbers of desktop machines . </s>
<s> UNK and weight considerations also have limited screen displays . </s>
<s> The competitive UNK can get pretty UNK at times . </s>
<s> A UNK spokesman , for example , UNK the UNK Portfolio because it requires three UNK while the UNK needs only two . </s>
<s> Both UNK are dismissed by notebook makers , who argue that they 're too small -- a problem UNK also encountered in focus groups , admits UNK UNK , director of marketing . </s>
<s> UNK , trying to avoid the `` UNK '' label , responded with the UNK line , `` The UNK PC -- a UNK Big Computer . '' </s>
<s> Despite the UNK , few question the UNK of the move to small machines that do n't make UNK . </s>
<s> UNK that end , experts say the real battle will take place between UNK players like Toshiba , UNK and now Compaq . </s>
<s> Compaq 's new machines are considered a direct threat to start-up firms like UNK Inc. , which introduced in June a computer that , like Compaq 's , uses an Intel UNK microprocessor and has a hard disk drive . </s>
<s> But the UNK product is twice as heavy and costs more than Compaq 's . </s>
<s> Compaq 's announcement also UNK trouble for UNK , which last year had 28 % of the U.S. laptop market but recently agreed to sell its computer business to UNK des Machines UNK , the French government-owned computer maker . </s>
<s> UNK holders will vote in December on the proposed $ UNK million sale , a price that could slip because it is pegged to UNK 's share and sales . </s>
<s> Compaq is already taking aim at UNK 's market share . </s>
<s> UNK UNK , Compaq 's president and chief executive officer , notes UNK that UNK 's $ 2,000 UNK uses an `` UNK '' UNK UNK disk , UNK Compaq 's new machines use the more common 3 1 / UNK disk . </s>
<s> John P. Frank , president of UNK Data Systems , simply UNK off such criticism , noting that 3 1 / UNK UNK were also `` UNK '' when they first replaced UNK disks . </s>
<s> `` We do n't look at it as not being a standard , we look at it as a new standard , '' he argues . </s>
<s> Analysts do n't see it that way . </s>
<s> `` I ca n't imagine that you 'll talk to anyone who wo n't tell you this is UNK for Compaq and a UNK for everyone else , '' says UNK UNK , president of Professional Marketing Management Inc . </s>
<s> Adds Bill UNK , senior industry analyst for UNK , a high-technology market research firm : `` We basically think that these are very hot products . </s>
<s> The problem Compaq is going to have is that they wo n't be able to make enough of them . '' </s>
<s> Compaq 's machines include the 3 1 / UNK UNK disk drive , a UNK screen that is only 1 / UNK thick and an internal expansion UNK for a UNK -- in other words , almost all the UNK of a typical office machine . </s>
<s> Others UNK will follow , but most analysts believe Compaq has at least a six-month lead on the competition . </s>
<s> Toshiba 's line of UNK , for example , features the UNK , which is in the same weight class but is much slower and has less memory , and the UNK , which also uses a UNK microprocessor , but which UNK almost twice as much and is three times the size . </s>
<s> A third model , marketed in Japan , may hit the U.S. by the end of the first quarter of 1990 , but by then , analysts say , Compaq will have established itself as one of three major players . </s>
<s> What about Big Blue ? </s>
<s> International Business Machines Corp. , analysts say , has been burned twice in trying to enter the laptop market and shows no signs of trying to get into UNK anytime soon . </s>
<s> UNK & UNK Home Corp. said it formed a $ UNK million limited partnership subsidiary to buy land in California UNK for residential development . </s>
<s> The partnership , UNK & UNK Land Development Venture Limited Partnership , is a 50-50 joint venture with a trust created by institutional clients of UNK UNK Corp. , a unit of UNK Financial Corp. , a real estate advisory , management and development company with offices in Chicago and Beverly Hills , Calif . </s>
<s> UNK & UNK , a home building company , declined to identify the institutional investors . </s>
<s> The land to be purchased by the joint venture has n't yet received UNK and other approvals required for development , and part of UNK & UNK 's job will be to obtain such approvals . </s>
<s> The partnership runs the risk that it may not get the approvals for development , but in return , it can buy land at wholesale rather than retail prices , which can result in sizable savings , said Bruce UNK , president and chief executive officer of UNK & UNK . </s>
<s> `` There are really very few companies that have adequate capital to buy properties in a raw state for cash . </s>
<s> Typically , developers option property , and then once they get the administrative approvals , they buy it , '' said Mr. UNK , adding that he believes the joint venture is the first of its kind . </s>
<s> `` We usually operate in that conservative manner . '' </s>
<s> By setting up the joint venture , UNK & UNK can take the more aggressive approach of buying raw land , while avoiding the negative UNK to its own balance sheet , Mr. UNK said . </s>
<s> The company is putting up only 10 % of the capital , although it is responsible for providing management , planning and processing services to the joint venture . </s>
<s> `` This is one of the best ways to UNK a pipeline of land to fuel our growth at a minimum risk to our company , '' Mr. UNK said . </s>
<s> The only thing Robert Goldberg could UNK about CBS 's new show `` Island UNK '' ( UNK & Arts , Sept. 25 ) was the local color ; unfortunately neither he nor the producers of the show have done their UNK . </s>
<s> For instance : `` UNK '' ( white ) is not the ultimate UNK ; `` UNK UNK '' is . </s>
<s> Richard UNK UNK as a `` UNK UNK , '' UNK in a UNK UNK and rolling up its long UNK . </s>
<s> And the local expression for brother is `` UNK , '' not `` UNK . '' </s>
<s> And even if a UNK would wear flowers in her hair while on duty , if she were engaged she would know to wear them behind her left , not right , UNK . </s>
<s> UNK , the show does not even have the one UNK quality of genuine local color . </s>
<s> UNK Davis </s>
<s> Canadian UNK production totaled UNK metric tons in the week ended Oct. 7 , up UNK % from the UNK week 's total of UNK tons , Statistics Canada , a federal agency , said . </s>
<s> The week 's total was up 6.2 % from UNK tons a year earlier . </s>
<s> The UNK total was UNK tons , up 7.8 % from UNK tons a year earlier . </s>
<s> The following issues were recently filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission : </s>
<s> American UNK Co. , offering of UNK common shares , via Merrill Lynch Capital Markets . </s>
<s> Limited Inc. , offering of up to $ 300 million of debt securities and warrants . </s>
<s> UNK California UNK UNK Municipal Fund Inc. , initial offering of five million common shares , via Alex . Brown & Sons Inc. , John UNK & Co. , Prudential-Bache Capital Funding , and UNK UNK , Hill UNK . </s>
<s> UNK Health Systems Inc. , proposed offering of 1.5 million common shares , of which UNK shares will be offered by UNK and 800,000 shares by UNK America Inc . ( UNK 's 71 % ) , via UNK , UNK & Co. Inc. , Goldman , Sachs & Co. and Dean Witter Reynolds Inc . </s>
<s> UNK Inc. , offering of one million new shares of common stock and 300,000 shares by holders , via Drexel Burnham Lambert Inc. and J.C. UNK & Co . </s>
<s> Trans World Airlines Inc. , offering of $ 150 million senior notes , via Drexel Burnham . </s>
<s> This small Dallas suburb 's got trouble . </s>
<s> UNK with a capital UNK and that UNK with UNK and that stands for pool . </s>
<s> More than 30 years ago , Prof. Harold Hill , the UNK man in Meredith UNK 's `` The UNK Man , '' warned the citizens of River City , Iowa , against the game . </s>
<s> Now UNK spirits on UNK 's town council have barred the town 's UNK hotel , the Grand UNK , from UNK three free pool tables in its new UNK . </s>
<s> Mayor Lynn UNK and two members of the council said they were worried about setting a precedent that would permit pool halls along UNK 's main street . </s>
<s> And the mayor , in an UNK that bears a UNK UNK to Prof. Hill 's , warned that `` alcohol leads to betting , which leads to UNK . '' </s>
<s> The council 's action is yet another blow to a sport that its fans claim has been UNK UNK for years . </s>
<s> `` Obviously they 're not in touch with what 's going on , '' says Tom UNK , vice president of the National UNK UNK Association . </s>
<s> UNK is hot in New York and Chicago , he insists , where `` upscale , UNK places '' are adding tables . </s>
<s> With today 's tougher UNK driving laws , he adds , `` people do n't want to just sit around and drink . '' </s>
<s> Besides , UNK behavior seems unlikely at the Grand UNK , where rooms average $ 200 a night and the cheap mixed drinks go for $ UNK a pop . </s>
<s> At the UNK , manager Elizabeth UNK wo n't admit UNK in jeans , UNK or UNK shoes . </s>
<s> But a majority of the UNK council did n't buy those arguments . </s>
<s> UNK pool , argued UNK UNK UNK , would be `` dangerous . </s>
<s> It would open a can of UNK . '' </s>
<s> UNK is no UNK to cans of UNK , either . </s>
<s> After its previous mayor committed UNK last year , an investigation disclosed that town officials regularly voted on their own projects , gave special favors to developer friends and dipped into the town 's UNK for trips and UNK . </s>
<s> The UNK UNK town officials , although they argued that the problems were n't as severe as the media suggested . </s>
<s> Now comes the pool UNK . </s>
<s> `` I think there 's some people worried about something pretty ridiculous , '' UNK John UNK says . </s>
<s> `` I thought this was all taken care of in ` The UNK Man . </s>
<s> General Motors Corp. , in a series of moves that angered union officials in the U.S. and Canada , has signaled that as many as five North American assembly plants may not survive the UNK as the corporation UNK to cut its excess UNK capacity . </s>
<s> In announcements to workers late last week , GM effectively signed death UNK for two UNK van assembly plants , and cast serious doubt on the futures of three U.S. car factories . </s>
<s> GM is under intense pressure to close factories that became unprofitable as the giant auto maker 's U.S. market share skidded during the past decade . </s>
<s> The company , currently using about 80 % of its North American vehicle capacity , has vowed it will run at 100 % of capacity by 1992 . </s>
<s> Just a month ago , GM announced it would make an aging assembly plant in UNK , Ga. , the eighth U.S. assembly facility to close since 1987 . </s>
<s> Now , GM appears to be stepping up the pace of its factory consolidation to get in shape for the 1990s . </s>
<s> One reason is mounting competition from new Japanese car plants in the U.S. that are pouring out more than one million vehicles a year at costs lower than GM can match . </s>
<s> Another is that United Auto Workers union officials have signaled they want tighter UNK provisions in the new Big Three national contract that will be negotiated next year . </s>
<s> GM officials want to get their strategy to reduce capacity and the work force in place before those talks begin . </s>
<s> The problem , however , is that GM 's moves are coming at a time when UNK leaders are trying to UNK UNK who charge the union is too passive in the face of GM layoffs . </s>
<s> Against that UNK , UNK Vice President Stephen P. UNK , who recently became head of the union 's GM department , issued a statement Friday UNK GM 's `` UNK UNK '' toward union members . </s>
<s> The auto maker 's decision to let word of the latest UNK and product UNK UNK out in separate UNK to the affected plants showed `` disarray '' and an `` inability or UNK to provide consistent information , '' Mr. UNK said . </s>
<s> GM officials told workers late last week of the following moves : Production of UNK vans will be consolidated into a single plant in UNK , Mich . </s>
<s> That means two plants -- one in UNK , Ontario , and the other in UNK , Ohio -- probably will be shut down after the end of 1991 . </s>
<s> The UNK will idle about 3,000 Canadian assembly workers and about 2,500 workers in Ohio . </s>
<s> Robert White , Canadian Auto Workers union president , used the impending UNK shutdown to UNK the UNK free trade agreement and its champion , Prime Minister Brian UNK . </s>
<s> But Canadian auto workers may benefit from a separate GM move that UNK three U.S. car plants and one in Quebec . </s>
<s> Workers at plants in Van UNK , Calif. , Oklahoma City and UNK , Mich. , were told their facilities are no longer being considered to build the next generation of the UNK UNK and Chevrolet UNK muscle cars . </s>
<s> GM is studying whether it can build the new UNK UNK at a plant in St. UNK , Quebec , company and union officials said . </s>
<s> That announcement left union officials in Van UNK and Oklahoma City uncertain about their futures . </s>
<s> The Van UNK plant , which employs about 3,000 workers , does n't have a product to build after 1993 . </s>
<s> Jerry UNK , UNK local president , said the facility was asked to draw up plans to continue working as a `` UNK plant , '' which could build several different types of products on short notice to satisfy demand . </s>
<s> At the Oklahoma City plant , which employs about 6,000 workers building the UNK UNK UNK cars , Steve UNK , UNK local vice president , said the plant has no new product lined up , and `` none of us knows '' when the UNK cars will die . </s>
<s> He said he believes GM has plans to keep building UNK cars into the UNK . </s>
<s> At UNK , however , the UNK decision appears to UNK UNK hopes that GM would reopen the UNK assembly plant that last built the UNK , UNK UNK UNK model . </s>
<s> The UNK plant was viewed as a model of UNK cooperation at GM before slow sales of the UNK forced the company to close the factory last year . </s>
<s> Union officials have taken a beating politically as a result . </s>
<s> UNK UNK members have used the UNK plant as a symbol of labor-management cooperation 's failure . </s>
<s> The Bush administration , trying to UNK growing demands from Western Europe for a UNK of controls on exports to the Soviet bloc , is questioning whether Italy 's UNK . C. Olivetti & Co. supplied UNK valuable technology to the Soviets . </s>
<s> Most of the Western European members of UNK Committee on UNK UNK UNK , the UNK UNK through which the U.S. and its allies UNK their UNK policies , are expected to argue for more liberal export rules at a meeting to be held in Paris Oct. 25 and 26 . </s>
<s> They plan to press specifically for a UNK of rules governing exports of machine tools , computers and other high-technology products . </s>
<s> But the Bush administration says it wants to see evidence that all Cocom members are UNK fully with existing UNK procedures before it will support further UNK . </s>
<s> To make its point , it is challenging the Italian government to explain reports that Olivetti may have supplied the Soviet Union with sophisticated computer-driven devices that could be used to build parts for combat aircraft . </s>
<s> The London Sunday Times , which first reported the U.S. concerns , cited a U.S. intelligence report as the source of the allegations that Olivetti exported $ 25 million in `` UNK , UNK , flexible manufacturing systems to the Soviet aviation industry . '' </s>
<s> Olivetti reportedly began shipping these tools in 1984 . </s>
<s> A State Department spokesman acknowledged that the U.S. is discussing the allegations with the Italian government and Cocom , but declined to confirm any details . </s>
<s> Italian President UNK UNK promised a quick investigation into whether Olivetti broke Cocom rules . </s>
<s> President Bush called his attention to the matter during the Italian leader 's visit here last week . </s>
<s> Olivetti has denied that it violated Cocom rules , UNK that the reported shipments were properly licensed by the Italian authorities . </s>
<s> Although the UNK of these sales is still an open question , the disclosure could n't be better UNK to support the position of UNK UNK in the Pentagon and the intelligence community . </s>
<s> `` It seems to me that a story like this breaks just before every important Cocom meeting , '' said a Washington lobbyist for a number of U.S. computer companies . </s>
<s> The Bush administration has sent UNK signals about its UNK policies , reflecting UNK divisions among several competing agencies . </s>
<s> Last summer , Mr. Bush moved the administration in the direction of gradual UNK when he told a North Atlantic UNK Organization meeting that he would allow some exceptions to the Cocom UNK of strategic goods . </s>
<s> But more recently , the Pentagon and the Commerce Department openly UNK over the extent to which Cocom should UNK exports of personal computers to the bloc . </s>
<s> However , these agencies generally agree that the West should be cautious about any further UNK . </s>
<s> `` There 's no evidence that the Soviet program to ( illegally ) acquire Western technology has diminished , '' said a State Department spokesman . </s>
<s> UNK the Oct. 3 letter to the editor from Rep. Tom UNK , chairman of the House Subcommittee on UNK and Housing , alleging : </s>
<s> 1 . That your Sept. 28 editorial `` UNK UNK '' was UNK UNK and deliberately misleading . </s>
<s> I thought your editorial was UNK accurate and deliberately UNK . </s>
<s> 2 . That Mr. UNK supported the rights of the witnesses to take the Fifth Amendment . </s>
<s> Yes , he did . </s>
<s> As I watched him on UNK , I heard him speak those lovely words about the Bill of Rights , which he quotes from the UNK of the hearings . </s>
<s> He did repeat those nice UNK several times as an indication of his support for the Constitution . </s>
<s> He used about 56 words defending the witnesses ' constitutional rights . </s>
<s> Unfortunately , by my rough guess , he used better than 5,000 words UNK UNK on the witnesses for UNK the Fifth . </s>
<s> He UNK his UNK of constitutional meat between large UNK of UNK commentary . </s>
<s> As your editorial UNK pointed out , Samuel UNK , former HUD secretary , and UNK Wilson , Mr. UNK 's former aide , `` are currently being held up to UNK for taking the Fifth Amendment . </s>
<s> '' That certainly is not the supposed `` UNK reading '' indicated by Mr. UNK . </s>
<s> 3 . That his `` committee does not deal with any possible criminal activity at HUD . </s>
<s> My colleagues and I fully realize we are not a court ... UNK . '' </s>
<s> UNK UNK . </s>
<s> By any `` reasonable man '' UNK , Mr. UNK and his colleagues have a whole UNK of people tried and convicted . </s>
<s> Apparently , their verdict is in . </s>
<s> Right now they 're pursuing evidence . </s>
<s> That 's not a bad way to proceed , just somewhat different from standard American practice . </s>
<s> How was that practice referred to when I was in school ? </s>
<s> UNK , yes , something called a Star Chamber . </s>
<s> Of course , Mr. UNK UNK protest that his subcommittee simply seeks information for legislative change . </s>
<s> No doubt that 's partially true . </s>
<s> Everything that Mr. UNK says in his letter is partially true . </s>
<s> He 's right about his subcommittee 's responsibilities when it comes to obtaining information from prior HUD officials . </s>
<s> But if his explanation of UNK is true , why is his investigation so UNK as to identify criminal activity ? </s>
<s> Why not simply questions designed to identify sources and causes of waste and UNK ? </s>
<s> Such as , what happened when Congress wanted to know about $ 400 toilet seats or whatever they UNK cost ? </s>
<s> No , Mr. UNK 's complaints simply wo n't UNK . </s>
<s> 4 . That the Journal UNK `` the UNK , fraud , waste , UNK , UNK and abuse of the public that took place while Mr. UNK was secretary of HUD , '' UNK and so forth . </s>
<s> No , to my mind , the Journal did not `` defend UNK , fraud , waste , UNK , UNK and abuse of the public trust ... '' </s>
<s> it defended appropriate constitutional UNK and practical common sense . </s>
<s> The problem , which the Journal so UNK pointed out in a number of articles , is not the likes of Mr. UNK , who after all is really a bit player on the stage , but the attempt by Congress to enhance itself into a UNK / judicial body . </s>
<s> ( Of course , we 've also got a UNK that seeks the same objective . ) </s>
<s> The system is the problem , not an individual member . </s>
<s> Individuals can always have their hands UNK . </s>
<s> It 's when such UNK does n't occur that we 've got trouble . </s>
<s> I do not by any means defend HUD management . </s>
<s> But I think the kind of congressional investigation that has been pursued is a far greater danger to American UNK of UNK and freedom than any UNK ( and , yes , maybe UNK ) within HUD could possibly generate . </s>
<s> The last time I saw a similar congressional hearing was when `` UNK UNK Joe '' UNK did his work . </s>
<s> Raymond UNK </s>
<s> UNK , N.J . </s>
<s> I disagree with the statement by Mr. UNK that one should not draw an adverse UNK against former HUD officials who UNK their Fifth Amendment privilege against UNK in congressional hearings . </s>
<s> The Fifth Amendment states in relevant part that no person `` shall be UNK , in any criminal case , to be a witness against himself . '' </s>
<s> This privilege against UNK UNK the drawing of an adverse UNK against a criminal defendant who chooses not to testify . </s>
<s> Thus , in a criminal case , a prosecutor can not comment on a defendant 's failure to testify nor can the defendant be UNK to take the stand as a witness , thus forcing him to `` take the Fifth . '' </s>
<s> The privilege , however , has been limited in UNK with its plain language to protect the defendant in criminal matters only . </s>
<s> The Supreme Court and some states have specifically recognized that `` the Fifth Amendment does not preclude the UNK where the privilege is claimed by a party to a civil cause . '' </s>
<s> UNK v. UNK , UNK U.S. UNK ( 1976 ) . </s>
<s> Thus , in a civil case , a defendant may be called as a witness , he may be forced to testify or take the Fifth , and his taking of the Fifth may permit the drawing of an adverse UNK against him in the civil matter . </s>
<s> He may take the Fifth in a civil matter only if he has a good faith and UNK belief that his testimony may subject him to criminal prosecution . </s>
<s> UNK the defendant to take the Fifth in a civil matter is not based on a constitutional right to refuse to testify where one 's testimony UNK him in the civil matter , but because the testimony in the civil matter could be UNK used against him in a subsequent criminal prosecution . </s>
<s> UNK the risk of such prosecution , a court may order the defendant to testify . </s>
<s> Thus , when Mr. UNK asserted the Fifth in a UNK proceeding , particularly after UNK receiving extensive advice from legal counsel , one must conclude that he held a UNK , UNK belief that his testimony could be used against him in a subsequent criminal prosecution . </s>
<s> The subcommittee , Congress and the American public have every right to draw the adverse UNK and to UNK with Mr. UNK 's own belief that his testimony could help UNK him of a crime . </s>
<s> UNK the adverse UNK in a UNK congressional hearing does not UNK the Fifth Amendment shield against UNK . </s>
<s> Clark S. UNK Jr . </s>
<s> UNK Park , UNK . </s>
<s> With economic tension between the U.S. and Japan worsening , many Japanese had feared last week 's visit from U.S. Trade UNK UNK Hills . </s>
<s> They expected a new UNK of demands that Japan do something quickly to reduce its trade surplus with the U.S. . </s>
<s> Instead , they got a discussion of the need for the U.S. and Japan to work together and of the importance of the long-term view . </s>
<s> Mrs. Hills ' first trip to Japan as America 's chief trade UNK had a completely different tone from last month 's visit by Commerce Secretary Robert A. Mosbacher . </s>
<s> Mr. Mosbacher called for concrete results by next spring in negotiations over fundamental Japanese business practices that UNK inhibit free trade . </s>
<s> He said such results should be `` UNK in dollars and cents '' in reducing the U.S. trade deficit with Japan . </s>
<s> But Mrs. Hills , speaking at a breakfast meeting of the American Chamber of Commerce in Japan on Saturday , stressed that the objective `` is not to get definitive action by spring or summer , it is rather to have a blueprint for action . '' </s>
<s> She added that she expected `` perhaps to have a down payment ... some small step to convince the American people and the Japanese people that we 're moving in UNK . '' </s>
<s> How such remarks translate into policy wo n't become clear for months . </s>
<s> American and Japanese officials offered several theories for the difference in approach UNK Mr. Mosbacher and Mrs. Hills . </s>
<s> Many called it simply a contrast in styles . </s>
<s> But some saw it as a classic negotiating UNK . </s>
<s> Others said the Bush administration may feel the rhetoric on both sides is getting out of hand . </s>
<s> And some said it reflected the growing debate in Washington over pursuing free trade with Japan UNK some kind of managed trade . </s>
<s> Asked to compare her visit to Mr. Mosbacher 's , Mrs. Hills replied : `` I did n't hear every word he spoke , but as a general UNK , I think we have a very consistent trade strategy in the Bush administration . '' </s>
<s> Yet more than one American official who sat in with her during three days of talks with Japanese officials said her tone often was surprisingly `` UNK . '' </s>
<s> `` I think my line has been very consistent , '' Mrs. Hills said at a news conference Saturday afternoon . </s>
<s> `` I am painted sometimes as UNK , perhaps because I have a UNK list of statutes to implement . </s>
<s> I do n't feel very UNK . </s>
<s> I do n't feel either hard or soft . </s>
<s> I feel committed to the program of opening markets and expanding trade . '' </s>
<s> When she met the local press for the first time on Friday , Mrs. Hills firmly reiterated the need for progress in removing barriers to trade in forest products , UNK and UNK , three areas targeted under the UNK UNK provision of the 1988 trade bill . </s>
<s> She UNK UNK business practices that the U.S. government has identified . </s>
<s> But her main thrust was to promote the importance of world-wide free trade and open competition . </s>
<s> She said the trade UNK was mainly due to UNK factors and should n't be UNK by setting UNK targets . </s>
<s> At her news conference for Japanese reporters , one economics journalist UNK up the Japanese sense of relief . </s>
<s> `` My impression was that you would be a UNK old lady , '' he said , drawing a few nervous UNK from his colleagues . </s>
<s> `` But I am relieved to see that you are beautiful and UNK and UNK and a person of integrity . '' </s>
<s> Mrs. Hills ' remarks did raise questions , at least among some U.S. officials , about what exactly her stance is on U.S. access to the Japanese semiconductor market . </s>
<s> The U.S. share of the Japanese market has been stuck around 10 % for years . </s>
<s> Many Americans have interpreted a 1986 agreement as UNK U.S. companies a 20 % share by 1991 , but the Japanese have denied making any such promise . </s>
<s> At one of her news UNK , Mrs. Hills said , `` I believe we can do much better than 20 % . '' </s>
<s> But she stressed , `` I am against managed trade . </s>
<s> I will not enter into an agreement that UNK to a percentage of the market . </s>
<s> Small investors matched their big institutional UNK in anxiety over the weekend , but most seemed to be taking a UNK approach and said they were resigned to riding out the latest storm in the stock market . </s>
<s> `` I 'm not losing faith in the market , '' said Boston lawyer Christopher Sullivan as he watched the market plunge on a big screen in front of a brokerage firm . </s>
<s> But he 's not so sure about everyone else . </s>
<s> `` I think on Monday the small ( investors ) are going to panic and sell , '' predicted Mr. Sullivan , whose investments include AMR Corp. 's American Airlines unit and several mutual funds . </s>
<s> `` And I think institutions are going to come in and buy ... </s>
<s> I 'm going to hold on . </s>
<s> If I sell now , I 'll take a big loss . '' </s>
<s> Some UNK an optimism that had been UNK when they did n't UNK the market in 1987 . </s>
<s> `` Oh , I bet it 'll be up 50 points on Monday , '' said UNK UNK , a UNK retired UNK in Lexington , UNK . </s>
<s> Mrs. UNK said her UNK Investment Club 's portfolio lost about one-third of its value following the Black Monday crash , `` but no one got UNK , and we gained that back -- and more . '' </s>
<s> At the annual UNK of the National Association of Investors Corp. at the UNK UNK hotel in Minneapolis , the scene was UNK . </s>
<s> Some 500 investors representing investor clubs from around the U.S. were attending when the market started to slide Friday . </s>
<s> But Robert UNK , an official of the association , said no special UNK or emergency meetings of the investors ' clubs are planned . </s>
<s> In fact , some of the association 's members -- long-term , UNK investors -- welcomed the drop in prices . </s>
<s> `` We hope to take advantage of it , '' said John UNK , a member of a Los Angeles investors ' club . </s>
<s> He has four stocks in mind to buy if the prices drop to the level he wants . </s>
<s> Not everyone is reacting so UNK , however , and many wonder about the long-term implications of what is widely viewed as the cause of Friday 's slide , reluctance by banks to provide financing for a buy-out of UAL Corp. , parent of United Airlines . </s>
<s> UNK UNK , a UNK , Fla. , investment banker , said the market drop is one of `` a tremendous number of signs that the leveraged UNK era is ending . </s>
<s> There 's no question that there 's a general UNK for leverage among lenders . </s>
<s> '' Mr. UNK believes , however , that the market could be stabilized if California investor Marvin Davis steps back in to the United bidding with an offer of $ 275 a share . </s>
<s> UNK Albert , a UNK Dallas law student , says she 's generally UNK about the stock market and the takeover activity that seems to fuel it . </s>
<s> `` I have this feeling that it 's built on sand , '' she says , that the market rises `` but there 's no foundation to it . '' </s>
<s> She and her husband pulled most of their investments out of the market after the 1987 crash , although she still owns some Texaco stock . </s>
<s> UNK because of concern about the economy and partly because she recently quit her job as a legal assistant to go to school , `` I think at this point we want to be a lot more liquid . '' </s>
<s> Others wonder how many more of these shocks the small investor can stand . </s>
<s> `` We all assumed October UNK was a one-time shot , '' said San Francisco attorney David Greenberg . </s>
<s> `` We told the little guy it could only happen once in a lifetime , come on back . </s>
<s> Now it 's happening again . '' </s>
<s> Mr. Greenberg got out just before the 1987 crash and , to his regret , never went back even as the market soared . </s>
<s> This time he 's ready to buy in `` when the panic wears off . '' </s>
<s> Still , he adds : `` We ca n't have this kind of thing happen very often . </s>
<s> When the little guy gets UNK , the big guys hurt badly . </s>
<s> Merrill Lynch ca n't survive without the little guy . '' </s>
<s> Small investors have UNK back into the market following Black Monday , but mostly through mutual funds . </s>
<s> UNK brokerage customers `` have been in the market somewhat but not whole UNK like they were two years ago , '' says UNK UNK Jr. , chairman of the UNK & UNK discount brokerage firm . </s>
<s> Hugo UNK , senior vice president at Charles UNK Corp. , says UNK customers `` have been UNK to cautious recently about stocks . '' </s>
<s> Individual investors are still angry about program trading , Mr. UNK says . </s>
<s> UNK UNK , a Cornell University finance professor , says government regulators will have to more closely control program trading to `` win back the confidence of the small investor . '' </s>
<s> But it 's not only the stock market that has some small investors worried . </s>
<s> Alan UNK , general sales manager of a Chrysler dealership in Houston , said he and his mother have some joint stock investments , but the overall economy is his chief worry . </s>
<s> `` These high UNK took a big UNK today , '' he said in his UNK , which is within a few miles of the UNK dollar homes of some of Houston 's UNK citizens . </s>
<s> `` And I can tell you that a high UNK is n't going to come in tomorrow and buy a Chrysler UNK by UNK . '' </s>
<s> And , finally , there were the UNK . </s>
<s> `` I got out in 1987 . </s>
<s> Everything , '' said UNK UNK , an UNK , Ohio , UNK contractor who was visiting Chicago and stopped by Fidelity Investments ' UNK Street office . </s>
<s> `` I just stopped by to see how much I would have lost . '' </s>
<s> UNK Mr. UNK ever get back in ? </s>
<s> `` Are you UNK ! </s>
<s> When it comes to money : Once UNK , 2,000 times shy . </s>
<s> Diamond UNK UNK Partners said it had discovered gas offshore Louisiana . </s>
<s> The well UNK at a rate of UNK million cubic feet of gas a day through a 16 UNK opening at UNK between UNK and UNK feet . </s>
<s> Diamond UNK is the operator , with a 100 % interest in the well . </s>
<s> Diamond UNK UNK 's stock rose 12.5 cents Friday to close at $ 8.25 in New York Stock Exchange composite trading . </s>
<s> UNK Savings Bank said federal thrift regulators ordered it to suspend dividend payments on its two classes of preferred stock , indicating that regulators ' concerns about the troubled institution have heightened . </s>
<s> In a statement , Miami-based UNK said the regulators cited the thrift 's operating losses and `` apparent losses '' in its junk-bond portfolio in ordering the suspension of the dividends . </s>
<s> UNK also ordered UNK to stop buying back the preferred stock . </s>
<s> David L. Paul , chairman and chief executive officer , criticized the federal Office of Thrift Supervision , which issued the UNK , saying it was `` inappropriate '' and based on `` insufficient '' reasons . </s>
<s> He said the thrift will try to get regulators to reverse the decision . </s>
<s> The suspension of a preferred stock dividend is a serious step that signals that regulators have deep concerns about an institution 's health . </s>
<s> In March , regulators labeled UNK a `` troubled institution , '' largely because of its big junk-bond holdings and its operating losses . </s>
<s> In the same month , the Office of Thrift Supervision ordered the institution to stop paying common stock dividends until its operations were on track . </s>
<s> For the nine months ended June 30 , UNK had a net loss of $ 21.3 million , compared with year-earlier net income of $ UNK million . </s>
<s> UNK , which is Florida 's largest thrift , holds one of the largest junk-bond portfolios of any thrift in the nation . </s>
<s> Since April , it has UNK its high-yield bond holdings to about $ UNK million from $ 1.35 billion . </s>
<s> Mr. Paul said only about $ 150 million of the current holdings are UNK securities registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission . </s>
<s> The remainder , he said , are commercial loan UNK , or private UNK , that are n't filed with the SEC and do n't have a ready market . </s>
<s> UNK and regulators have been in a dispute over market UNK for the junk bonds . </s>
<s> The Office of Thrift Supervision has been UNK UNK to provide current market values for its holdings , but UNK has said it ca n't easily obtain such values because of the relative UNK of the bonds and lack of a ready market . </s>
<s> UNK have become increasingly UNK about UNK 's and other thrifts ' junk-bond holdings in light of the recent federal thrift bailout legislation and the recent deep decline in the junk-bond market . </s>
<s> The legislation requires thrifts to UNK themselves of junk bonds in the new , UNK regulatory climate . </s>
<s> In American Stock Exchange composite trading Friday , UNK common shares closed at $ 3 , down 12.5 cents . </s>
<s> In a statement Friday , Mr. Paul challenged the regulators ' decision , saying the thrift 's operating losses and `` apparent '' junk-bond losses `` have been substantially offset by gains in other activities of the bank . '' </s>
<s> He also said substantial reserves have been set aside for possible losses from the junk bonds . </s>
<s> In the third quarter , for instance , UNK added $ 22.5 million to its general reserves . </s>
<s> Mr. Paul said the regulators should instead move ahead with UNK UNK 's request to sell 63 of its 71 branches to Great Western Bank , a unit of Great Western Financial Corp. based in Beverly Hills , Calif . </s>
<s> The branch sale is the UNK of UNK 's strategy to transform itself into a traditional S&L from a UNK institution that relied heavily on securities trading for profits , according to Mr. Paul . </s>
<s> Most analysts and thrift executives had expected a decision on the proposed transaction , which was announced in July , long before now . </s>
<s> Many interpret the delay as an indication that regulators are skeptical about the proposal . </s>
<s> UNK and deposits can be sold at a premium in the event federal regulators take over an institution . </s>
<s> UNK , however , UNK the branch sale , saying it would bring in $ 150 million and reduce the thrift 's assets to $ 6.7 billion from $ 9 billion . </s>
<s> It said the sale would give it positive UNK capital of $ UNK million , or about 1.2 % of assets , from a negative $ 33 million as of Sept. 30 , thus bringing UNK close to regulatory standards . </s>
<s> UNK said the branch sale would also reduce the company 's large amount of good will by about $ 180 million . </s>
<s> Critics , however , say the branch sale will make UNK more dependent than ever on UNK deposits and junk bonds . </s>
<s> Mr. Paul UNK that he intends to further UNK the size of UNK by not renewing more than $ 1 billion of UNK certificates of deposit when they come due . </s>
<s> The thrift is also working to UNK its junk-bond portfolio by continuing to sell off the bonds , and it plans to eventually place some of them in a separate affiliate , as required under the new thrift law . </s>
<s> UNK UNK UNK UNK Inc. is a U.S. UNK unit of UNK des Machines UNK . </s>
<s> In Friday 's edition , the name of the unit was misstated . </s>
<s> The real estate slump that 's pushing down the price of New York office space and housing is also affecting the city 's retail real estate market . </s>
<s> In Manhattan , UNK store sites sit vacant and newly UNK space has been slow to fill . </s>
<s> UNK real estate brokers say tenants are reluctant to sign leases because of uncertainty about the local economy , turmoil in their own industries and a belief that UNK have not yet hit bottom . </s>
<s> `` There is an UNK amount of space available , '' says UNK UNK , senior vice president at UNK Associates UNK UNK Inc . </s>
<s> There are about 2,000 stores for rent , up from a more typical range of UNK to 1,500 . </s>
<s> `` This further UNK retailers , '' she says . </s>
<s> `` They wonder should they sign a lease if prices are still coming down ? </s>
<s> Is this the wrong time to open a store ? </s>
<s> Who is going to be in the space next door ? '' </s>
<s> In addition , Ms. UNK says , tenants usually can negotiate to pay UNK that are about UNK lower than UNK ' initial asking price . </s>
<s> A handful of hot retail locations , such as the UNK Street and Madison and Fifth Avenue areas , have been able to sustain what many see as UNK UNK . </s>
<s> And , in some neighborhoods , UNK have merely hit a UNK . </s>
<s> But on average , Manhattan retail UNK have dropped 10 % to 15 % in the past six months alone , experts say . </s>
<s> That follows a more UNK decline in the prior six months , after Manhattan UNK had run up rapidly since 1986 . </s>
<s> The same factors limiting demand for office space have affected retailing . </s>
<s> `` As businesses contract or UNK , the number of employees who might use retail services UNK , '' says Edward A. UNK , senior vice president of Helmsley UNK Inc . </s>
<s> He says financial problems UNK electronics , fur and furniture companies -- key categories in the local retail economy -- have further UNK the market . </s>
<s> UNK hit are what he calls `` secondary '' sites that primarily serve neighborhood residents . </s>
<s> In these locations , Mr. UNK says , `` UNK are increasingly cautious about expanding and UNK have remained steady or in some cases have declined . '' </s>
<s> UNK in the restaurant industry , which is leaving retail space vacant , UNK the problem for UNK . </s>
<s> It is also no comfort to UNK and small New York retailers when the future of larger department stores , which UNK retail neighborhoods , are in doubt . </s>
<s> Hooker Corp. , parent of UNK UNK and B. UNK 's , is mired in bankruptcy proceedings and Bloomingdale 's is for sale by its owner , Campeau Corp . </s>
<s> The trend toward lower UNK may seem surprising given that some communities in New York are UNK the loss of favorite local businesses to high UNK . </s>
<s> But , despite the recent softening , for many of these retailers there 's still been too big a jump from the rental rates of the late 1970s , when their leases were signed . </s>
<s> Certainly , the recent drop in prices does n't mean Manhattan comes cheap . </s>
<s> New York retail UNK still run well above the going rate in other U.S. cities . </s>
<s> Madison and Fifth UNK and East UNK Street can command UNK of up to $ 500 a square foot , and $ 250 is not uncommon . </s>
<s> The thriving UNK Street area offers UNK of about $ 100 a square foot , as do UNK locations along lower Fifth Avenue . </s>
<s> By contrast , UNK in the best retail locations in Boston , San Francisco and Chicago rarely top $ 100 a square foot . </s>
<s> And UNK on Beverly Hills ' UNK UNK generally do n't exceed about $ 125 a square foot . </s>
<s> The New York Stock Exchange said two securities will begin trading this week . </s>
<s> UNK UNK Corp. , UNK , Ore. , will begin trading with the symbol UNK . </s>
<s> It makes investment UNK and has traded over-the-counter . </s>
<s> Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC , an UNK , Scotland , financial services company , will list American depositary shares , representing preferred shares , with the symbol UNK . </s>
<s> It will continue to trade on the International Stock Exchange , London . </s>
<s> The American Stock Exchange listed shares of two companies . </s>
<s> UNK UNK Inc. , a UNK , N.J. , telecommunications equipment supply company , started trading with the symbol UNK . </s>
<s> It had traded over-the-counter . </s>
<s> Columbia Laboratories Inc. , Miami , began trading with the symbol UNK . </s>
<s> The pharmaceuticals maker had traded over-the-counter . </s>
<s> The National Market System of the Nasdaq over-the-counter market listed shares of one company . </s>
<s> UNK UNK Plans Inc. , a Minneapolis health-care services company , was listed with the symbol UNK . </s>
<s> Call it the `` we 're too broke to fight '' defense . </s>
<s> Lawyers for dozens of insolvent savings and loan associations are trying a new UNK in their efforts to UNK suits filed by borrowers , developers and creditors . </s>
<s> The thrifts ' lawyers claim that the suits , UNK 700 to 1,000 in Texas alone , should be dismissed as UNK because neither the UNK nor the UNK Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corp. has the money to pay judgments . </s>
<s> Though the argument may have a UNK ring to it , even the S&L lawyers concede there 's little precedent to back their position . </s>
<s> Still , one federal appeals court has signaled it 's willing to UNK the notion , and the lawyers have renewed their arguments in Texas and eight other states where the defense is permitted under state law . </s>
<s> The dismissal of the pending suits could go a long way toward clearing court UNK in Texas and reducing the UNK 's massive legal bills , which topped $ 73 million last year . </s>
<s> The S&L lawyers were encouraged last month by an UNK ruling in two cases brought against UNK UNK Savings & Loan Association of Dallas by the developers of the Valley UNK , best known as the training center for the Dallas Cowboys football team . </s>
<s> UNK UNK on the ranch . </s>
<s> UNK and the UNK argued to the Fifth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals `` that there will never be any assets with which to satisfy a judgment against UNK Savings nor any means to collect from any other party , including UNK . '' </s>
<s> `` If true , '' the court wrote , `` this UNK would justify dismissal of these actions on UNK grounds . '' </s>
<s> But the court said it lacked enough financial information about UNK and the UNK and sent the cases back to federal district court in Dallas . </s>
<s> Charles UNK , a lawyer for UNK , says he plans to file a brief this week urging the district judge to dismiss the suits , because UNK 's liabilities exceeded its assets by about $ 2 billion when federal regulators closed it in August 1988 . </s>
<s> `` This institution is just brain dead , '' says Mr. UNK , a partner in the Dallas office of UNK & UNK , a Houston law firm . </s>
<s> But a lawyer for UNK Investment Group , the developer of Valley UNK , UNK such arguments as a `` defense UNK UNK . '' </s>
<s> Attorney Richard Jackson of Dallas says a judgment for UNK could be satisfied in ways other than a monetary award , including the reversal of UNK 's UNK on Valley UNK . </s>
<s> `` We 're asking the court for a number of things he can grant in addition to the UNK of victory , '' he says . </s>
<s> `` We 'd take the Valley UNK free and clear as a UNK UNK . </s>
<s> UNK a payment from a supplier and strong sales of certain UNK products , UNK Corp. said earnings and revenue jumped in its second quarter ended Sept. 24 . </s>
<s> The maker of UNK products said net income rose to $ 4.8 million , or 23 cents a share , from year-earlier net of $ 1.1 million , or five cents a share . </s>
<s> Revenue soared to $ UNK million from $ UNK million . </s>
<s> UNK said its results were boosted by $ 2 million in payments received from a supplier , for a certain line of products that UNK is n't going to sell anymore . </s>
<s> UNK said effects from UNK the line may have a positive effect on future earnings and revenue . </s>
<s> A spokeswoman would n't elaborate , but the company said the discontinued product has never been a major source of revenue or profit . </s>
<s> UNK , UNK benefited from robust sales of products that store data for UNK personal computers and computer workstations . </s>
<s> In the fiscal first half , net was $ 7 million , or 34 cents a share , up from the year-earlier $ 3.1 million , or 15 cents a share . </s>
<s> Revenue rose to $ UNK million from $ UNK million . </s>
<s> Many of the nation 's UNK executives UNK Friday 's market plunge as an overdue UNK for speculators and takeover players . </s>
<s> UNK that the market does n't head into a UNK free fall , some executives think Friday 's action could prove a UNK of good news -- as a sign that the leveraged buy-out and takeover frenzy of recent years may be UNK . </s>
<s> `` This is a reaction to UNK LBO UNK , rather than to any fundamentals , '' said John Young , chairman of Hewlett-Packard Co. , whose shares dropped $ UNK to $ UNK . </s>
<s> `` If we get rid of a lot of that UNK , it will be a big plus . '' </s>
<s> A few of the executives here for the fall meeting of the Business Council , a group that meets to discuss national issues , were only too happy to UNK their criticism . </s>
<s> `` People wish the government would do something about leveraged buy-outs , do something about takeovers , do something about Donald Trump , '' said Rand UNK , chairman of ITT Corp. , whose stock dropped $ UNK . </s>
<s> `` Where 's the leadership ? </s>
<s> Where 's the guy who can say : ` UNK is enough ' '' ? </s>
<s> The executives were UNK UNK by the plunge even though it UNK billions of dollars off the value of their companies -- and millions off their personal fortunes . </s>
<s> `` I 'm not going to worry about one day 's decline , '' said Kenneth UNK , Digital Equipment Corp. president , who was UNK UNK through the bright UNK and yellow leaves of the UNK here after his company 's shares plunged $ UNK to close at $ UNK . </s>
<s> `` I did n't bother calling anybody ; I did n't even turn on TV . '' </s>
<s> `` There has n't been any fundamental change in the economy , '' added John UNK , whose Procter & Gamble Co. took an $ 8.75 slide to close at $ UNK . </s>
<s> `` The fact that this happened two years ago and there was a recovery gives people some comfort that this wo n't be a problem . '' </s>
<s> Of course , established corporate UNK often tend to UNK the setbacks of stock speculators and takeover artists . </s>
<s> Indeed , one chief executive who was downright UNK by Friday 's events was Robert UNK , chairman of AMR Corp. , the parent of American Airlines and the target of a takeover offer by Mr. Trump . </s>
<s> Asked whether Friday 's action could help him avoid being UNK by the New York real estate UNK , Mr. UNK UNK broadly and said : `` No comment . '' </s>
<s> On Friday morning , before the market 's sell-off , the business leaders issued a report predicting the economy would grow at roughly an inflation-adjusted 2 % annual rate , through next year , then accelerate UNK in 1991 . </s>
<s> Of the 19 economists who worked on the Business Council forecast , only two projected periods of decline in the nation 's output over the next two years , and in `` both UNK the declines are too modest to warrant the phrase recession , '' said Lewis UNK , chairman of J.P. Morgan & Co. and vice chairman of the Business Council . </s>
<s> The Senate 's decision to approve a UNK deficit-reduction bill without a capital-gains tax cut still leaves open the possibility of UNK a gains tax reduction this year . </s>
<s> Late Friday night , the Senate voted UNK to approve an estimated $ 13.5 billion measure that had been stripped of hundreds of provisions that would have widened , rather than narrowed , the federal budget deficit . </s>
<s> Lawmakers drastically UNK the bill to UNK criticism that it was UNK with UNK tax breaks and spending increases . </s>
<s> `` We 're putting a deficit-reduction bill back in the category of being a deficit-reduction bill , '' said Senate Budget Committee Chairman James UNK ( D. , UNK . ) . </s>
<s> But Senate supporters of the UNK legislation said that other bills would soon be moving through Congress that could carry some of the measures that had been cast aside , including a capital-gains tax cut . </s>
<s> In addition , the companion deficit-reduction bill already passed by the House includes a capital-gains provision . </s>
<s> House-Senate negotiations are likely to begin at UNK and last for a while . </s>
<s> `` No one can predict exactly what will happen on the House side , '' said Senate UNK Leader Robert Dole ( R. , UNK . ) . </s>
<s> But , he added , `` I believe Republicans and Democrats will work together to get capital-gains reform this year . '' </s>
<s> White House Budget Director Richard Darman told reporters yesterday that the administration would n't push to keep the capital-gains cut in the final version of the bill . </s>
<s> `` We do n't need this as a way to get capital gains , '' he said . </s>
<s> House Budget Committee Chairman UNK UNK ( D. , Calif . ) said in an interview , `` If that 's the signal that comes from the White House , that will help a great deal . '' </s>
<s> The Senate 's decision was a setback for President Bush and will make approval of a capital-gains tax cut less certain this year . </s>
<s> UNK of the cut are playing UNK . </s>
<s> Senate Majority Leader George Mitchell ( D. , Maine ) said he was `` confident '' that any House-Senate agreement on the deficit-reduction legislation would n't include a capital-gains tax cut . </s>
<s> And a senior aide to the House Ways and Means Committee , where tax legislation UNK , said there are n't any `` plans to produce another tax bill that could carry a gains tax cut this year . '' </s>
<s> One obvious place to UNK a capital-gains tax cut , and perhaps other popular items stripped from the deficit-reduction bill , is the legislation to raise the federal borrowing limit . </s>
<s> Such legislation must be enacted by the end of the month . </s>
<s> The Senate bill was UNK back in an attempt to speed deficit-reduction through Congress . </s>
<s> Because the legislation has n't been completed , President Bush has until midnight tonight to enact across-the-board spending cuts mandated by the Gramm-Rudman deficit-reduction law . </s>
<s> Senators hope that the need to avoid those cuts will pressure the House to agree to the UNK bill . </s>
<s> The House appears reluctant to join the senators . </s>
<s> A key is whether House Republicans are willing to UNK to their Senate colleagues ' decision to drop many pet provisions . </s>
<s> `` Although I am encouraged by the Senate action , '' said Chairman Dan UNK ( D. , Ill . ) of the House Ways and Means Committee , `` it is uncertain whether a clean bill can be achieved in the UNK conference with the Senate . '' </s>
<s> Another big question UNK over the debate is what President Bush thinks . </s>
<s> He has been UNK a UNK bill without a guaranteed vote on his capital-gains tax cut . </s>
<s> But Republican senators saw no way to overcome a procedural UNK and UNK the 60 votes needed to win the capital-gains issue on the floor , so they went ahead with the UNK bill . </s>
<s> The Senate bill was stripped of many popular , though UNK , provisions , a number of which are included in the House-passed bill . </s>
<s> These include a UNK initiative and UNK of UNK tax breaks for low-income housing and UNK expenditures . </s>
<s> Also missing from the Senate bill is the House 's repeal of a law , called Section 89 , that UNK companies to give UNK workers comparable health benefits to top paid executives . </s>
<s> One UNK provision that was originally in the Senate bill but was cut out because it lost money was the proposal by Chairman Lloyd UNK ( D. , Texas ) of the Senate Finance Committee to expand the deduction for individual retirement accounts . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK said he hopes the Senate will consider that measure soon . </s>
<s> To the UNK of some doctors , the bill dropped a plan passed by the Finance Committee that would have UNK the entire UNK system under Medicare . </s>
<s> To the UNK of many low-income people , efforts to boost Medicaid funding , especially in rural areas , also were UNK . </s>
<s> Asked why senators were giving up so much , New Mexico Sen. UNK UNK , the ranking Republican on the Senate Budget Committee , said , `` We 're looking like UNK . </s>
<s> UNK had just gone too far . '' </s>
<s> Sen. Dole said that the move required sacrifice by every senator . </s>
<s> It worked , others said , because there were no exceptions : all UNK provisions were UNK . </s>
<s> The Senate also dropped a plan by its Finance Committee that would have increased the income UNK beyond which senior citizens have their Social Security benefits reduced . </s>
<s> In addition , the bill dropped a plan to make permanent a 3 % UNK tax on long-distance telephone calls . </s>
<s> It no longer includes a plan that would have UNK what remains of the UNK method of accounting , which is used by military contractors to reduce their tax burden . </s>
<s> It also drops a provision that would have permitted corporations to use excess pension funds to pay health benefits for current UNK . </s>
<s> Also UNK was a UNK increase in the maximum UNK Safety and Health Administration penalties , which would have raised $ 65 million in fiscal 1990 . </s>
<s> A provision that would have made the Social Security Administration an independent agency was UNK . </s>
<s> The approval of the Senate bill was especially sweet for Sen. Mitchell , who had proposed the streamlining . </s>
<s> Mr. Mitchell 's relations with Budget Director Darman , who pushed for a capital-gains cut to be added to the measure , have been UNK since Mr. Darman chose to UNK the Maine Democrat and deal with other lawmakers earlier this year during a dispute over drug funding in the fiscal 1989 UNK spending bill . </s>
<s> The deficit reduction bill contains $ 5.3 billion in tax increases in fiscal 1990 , and $ 26 billion over five years . </s>
<s> The UNK provisions , which affect mostly corporations , would : </s>
<s> -- UNK companies that have made leveraged buy-outs from getting federal tax refunds resulting from losses caused by interest payments on debt issued to finance the buy-outs , effective Aug. 2 , 1989 . </s>
<s> -- UNK mutual funds to include in their taxable income dividends paid to them on the date that the dividends are declared rather than received , effective the day after the tax bill is enacted . </s>
<s> -- UNK a UNK regarding employee stock ownership plans , effective June 6 , 1989 , that has been UNK by investment bankers in corporate takeovers . </s>
<s> The measure UNK a 50 % exclusion given to banks on the interest from loans used to acquire securities for an UNK , if the UNK owns less than 30 % of the employer 's stock . </s>
<s> -- UNK junk bonds by ending tax benefits for certain securities , such as zero-coupon bonds , that postpone cash interest payments . </s>
<s> -- UNK $ UNK million by UNK for one year an automatic reduction in airport and UNK taxes . </s>
<s> -- UNK up the collection of the payroll tax from large companies , effective August 1990 . </s>
<s> -- UNK a tax on UNK chemicals , such as those used in air UNK and in UNK , beginning at $ 1.10 a pound starting next year . </s>
<s> -- UNK income taxes from the UNK of certain farm workers currently exempt from UNK . </s>
<s> -- UNK the collection of gasoline UNK taxes to weekly from UNK , effective next year . </s>
<s> -- UNK the ability of real estate owners to escape taxes by UNK one piece of property for another instead of selling it for cash . </s>
<s> -- UNK to $ 6 a person from $ 3 the international UNK departure tax , and impose a $ UNK tax on international departures by commercial ships . </s>
<s> The measure also includes spending cuts and increases in federal fees . </s>
<s> Among its provisions : </s>
<s> -- UNK of Medicare spending in fiscal 1990 by some $ 2.8 billion , in part by curbing increases in UNK to physicians . </s>
<s> The plan would impose a brief freeze on physician fees next year . </s>
<s> -- UNK of the U.S. Postal Service 's operating budget from the federal budget , reducing the deficit by $ UNK billion . </s>
<s> A similar provision is in the House version . </s>
<s> -- Authority for the Federal Aviation Administration to raise $ UNK million by charging fees for commercial UNK rights at New York 's UNK and John F. Kennedy International UNK , UNK International Airport in Chicago and National Airport in Washington . </s>
<s> -- UNK in Nuclear UNK Commission fees totaling $ 54 million . </s>
<s> -- UNK to the U.S. Coast Guard to collect $ 50 million from users of Coast Guard services . </s>
<s> -- UNK an additional $ 43 million by increasing existing Federal Communications Commission fees and penalties and establishing new fees for UNK radio operators , ship stations and mobile radio facilities . </s>
<s> John E. UNK contributed to this article . </s>
<s> Japan 's wholesale prices in September rose 3.3 % from a year earlier and were up 0.4 % from the previous month , the Bank of Japan announced Friday . </s>
<s> The wholesale price index stood at UNK , compared with a 1985 base of 100 . </s>
<s> UNK UNK flights are $ UNK to Paris and $ UNK to London . </s>
<s> In a UNK Journal article Oct. 5 , the fares were reversed . </s>
<s> Pension funds , insurers and other UNK of the investing world said they began UNK up stocks during Friday 's market UNK . </s>
<s> And they plan to buy more today . </s>
<s> UNK or UNK , many giant institutional investors appear to be fighting the latest war by applying the lesson they learned in the October 1987 crash : Buying at the bottom pays off . </s>
<s> To be sure , big investors might put away their UNK in a hurry if stocks open sharply lower today . </s>
<s> They could still panic and UNK out of the market . </s>
<s> But their 1987 performance indicates that they wo n't abandon stocks unless conditions get far worse . </s>
<s> `` Last time , we got UNK for going out and buying stocks when the panic was the worst , '' said John W. UNK , president of Chicago-based UNK Capital Management Inc. , which manages $ 1.1 billion of stocks . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK spent half his cash on hand Friday for `` our favorite stocks that have fallen apart . '' </s>
<s> He expects to invest the rest if the market UNK further . </s>
<s> UNK portfolio manager James Craig was n't UNK when Friday 's UNK UNK $ 40 million from the value of the $ UNK million UNK Fund he oversees . </s>
<s> `` I waited to make sure all the program trades had kicked through , '' he said . </s>
<s> Then he jumped into the market : </s>
<s> `` I spent $ 30 million in the last half-hour . '' </s>
<s> Other money managers also opened their UNK . </s>
<s> `` I was buying at the close ( Friday ) and I 'll be buying again because I know we 're getting good value , '' said Frederick A. UNK , president of UNK Asset Management Inc. , Greenwich , Conn . </s>
<s> `` There is no UNK on the fundamental level for this crash . '' </s>
<s> Unlike mutual funds , which can be forced to sell UNK when investors rush to withdraw money , big investors such as pension funds and insurance companies can decide to ride out market UNK without UNK stock . </s>
<s> Most often , they do just that , because stocks have proved to be the UNK long-term investment , attracting about $ 1 trillion from pension funds alone . </s>
<s> `` If you bought after the crash , you did very very well off the bottom , '' said Stephen B. UNK , chief investment officer of Chicago-based Kemper Financial Services Inc . </s>
<s> The $ 56 billion California Public Employees Retirement System , for one , added $ 1 billion to its stock portfolio two years ago . </s>
<s> `` The last crash taught institutional investors that they have to be long-term holders , and that they ca n't react to short-term events , good or bad , '' said Stephen L. UNK , senior vice president for the pension consultants UNK Associates in Santa UNK , Calif . </s>
<s> `` Those that pulled out ( of stocks ) UNK it , '' he said , `` so I doubt you 'll see any significant changes '' in institutional portfolios as a result of Friday 's decline . </s>
<s> Stocks , as measured by the Standard & Poor 's 500-stock index , have been UNK performers this year , rising UNK % before Friday 's plunge , excluding dividends . </s>
<s> Even Friday 's slump leaves investors ahead more than 20 % , well above the annual average for stocks over several decades . </s>
<s> `` You could go down 400 points and still have a good year in the market , '' said James D. UNK , president of New York-based UNK Capital Corp . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK , however , worries that the market `` could go down 800 or 900 points in the next few days . </s>
<s> It can happen before you can turn around . '' </s>
<s> He said he UNK many parallels with 1987 , including the emphasis on takeover stocks and the UNK of computerized program trading . </s>
<s> `` The only thing you do n't have , '' he said , `` is the ` portfolio insurance ' phenomenon UNK on the rest . '' </s>
<s> Most institutional investors have abandoned the portfolio insurance hedging technique , which is widely thought to have UNK the 1987 crash . </s>
<s> Not really insurance , this UNK was designed to UNK the blow of declining stock prices and generate an offsetting profit by selling waves of S&P futures contracts . </s>
<s> In its UNK test , the $ 60 billion of portfolio insurance in effect in the 1987 crash did n't work , as stock buyers UNK and stock and futures prices became UNK . </s>
<s> Even without portfolio insurance , market conditions were grim Friday , money managers said . </s>
<s> Neil UNK , whose New York-based UNK Capital Partners had converted 85 % of its $ UNK million investment pool to cash in recent months , said he was UNK by Wall Street firms Friday asking him to take stock off their hands . </s>
<s> `` We got calls from big block houses asking us if we want to make bids on anything , '' said Mr. UNK , who , happy with his returns on investments UNK up earlier , declined the offers . </s>
<s> Mr. UNK predicts stocks will appear to stabilize in the next few days before declining again , UNK more investors . </s>
<s> `` I think it will be a UNK UNK rally , '' he said . </s>
<s> Meanwhile , Friday brought a UNK for money managers whose investment styles had put them at odds with the market rally . </s>
<s> UNK UNK were the short sellers , who have been UNK by this year 's market climb . </s>
<s> The UNK sell borrowed shares , hoping to profit by replacing them later at a lower price . </s>
<s> The nation 's largest UNK operation is UNK Brothers , Palo Alto , Calif. , which said last May that its short positions had shown losses of 10 % for the year up to that point . </s>
<s> All that now has changed . </s>
<s> `` We 're ahead for the year because of Friday , '' said the firm 's UNK UNK . </s>
<s> `` We 're not making a killing , but we had a good day . </s>
<s> The Second U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals opinion in the UNK UNK case did not UNK the position Pennzoil Co. took in its dispute with Texaco , contrary to your Sept. 8 article `` Court UNK Texaco 's View in Pennzoil UNK -- Too Late . '' </s>
<s> The fundamental rule of contract law applied to both cases was that courts will not enforce agreements to which the parties did not intend to be bound . </s>
<s> In the Pennzoil / Texaco litigation , the courts found Pennzoil and UNK Oil intended to be bound ; in UNK UNK they found there was no intention to be bound . </s>
<s> UNK , the principle in the cases is the same . </s>
<s> But the outcome of a legal dispute almost always turns on the facts . </s>
<s> And the facts , as found by the various courts in these two lawsuits , were different . </s>
<s> When you suggest otherwise , you leave the UNK of reporting and enter the UNK of speculation . </s>
<s> Charles F. UNK </s>
<s> UNK ? </s>
<s> What plunge ? </s>
<s> UNK New York Stock Exchange issues hit 52-week highs during Friday 's trading , despite the Dow Jones Industrial Average 's UNK plunge . </s>
<s> Stocks of utilities held up relatively better than other market sectors during the sell-off . </s>
<s> And among the issues hitting new highs were Detroit Edison Co. and UNK UNK Power Corp . </s>
<s> Other major issues hitting highs included American Telephone & Telegraph Co. , Westinghouse Electric Corp. , Exxon Corp. and Cigna Corp. , the big insurer . </s>
<s> Of course , many more issues -- 93 -- hit new lows . </s>
<s> These included International Business Machines Corp. , which during Friday 's session traded below $ 100 a share for the first time since June 1984 . </s>
<s> IBM closed at $ 102 , down $ UNK . </s>
<s> Other new lows included UNK International Corp. , Union Carbide Corp. and Bethlehem Steel Corp. , all of which are included in the industrial average . </s>
<s> Meanwhile , two initial public offerings UNK the UNK market in their UNK day of national over-the-counter trading Friday . </s>
<s> Shares of Rally 's Inc. , an operator of fast-food restaurants , closed at $ 17 each , up from its $ 15 offering price and shares of UNK UNK Plans Inc. , a health-care consultant , closed at $ UNK , up from its $ 12 offering price . </s>
<s> The U.S. , which is UNK its UNK quotas , is UNK a larger share of its steel market to developing and newly industrialized countries which have relatively UNK steel industries . </s>
<s> Meanwhile , the U.S. has negotiated a significant cut in Japan 's steel quota , and made only a minor increase to the steel UNK for the European Community . </s>
<s> Brazil , similar to Mexico and South Korea , is expected to negotiate a somewhat bigger share of the U.S. market than it had under the previous five-year steel quotas , which expired Sept. 30 . </s>
<s> Brazil and Venezuela are the only two countries that have n't completed steel talks with the U.S. for the year ending Oct. 1 , 1990 . </s>
<s> In recent years , U.S. steelmakers have supplied about 80 % of the 100 million tons of steel used annually by the nation . </s>
<s> Of the remaining 20 % needed , the UNK negotiations UNK about 15 % to foreign suppliers , with the difference supplied mainly by Canada -- which is n't included in the quota program . </s>
<s> Other countries that do n't have formal steel quotas with the U.S. , such as Taiwan , Sweden and Argentina , also have supplied steel . </s>
<s> Some of these countries have in recent years made informal agreements with the U.S. that are similar to quotas . </s>
<s> The Bush administration earlier this year said it would extend steel quotas , known as voluntary restraint agreements , until March 31 , 1992 . </s>
<s> It also said it would use that UNK year period to work toward an international consensus on UNK up the international steel trade , which has been UNK managed , subsidized and protected by governments . </s>
<s> The U.S. termed its plan , a `` trade UNK program , '' despite the fact that it is merely an extension . </s>
<s> Mexico , which was one of the first countries to conclude its steel talks with the U.S. , virtually doubled its quota to UNK % of the U.S. steel market from UNK % under the previous quotas . </s>
<s> South Korea , which had 1.9 % under the previous quotas , is set to get a small increase to about UNK % . </s>
<s> That increase rises to slightly more than 2 % of the U.S. market if a joint UNK steel project is included . </s>
<s> Meanwhile , Brazil is expected to increase its allowance from the UNK % share it has had in recent years . </s>
<s> The EC and Japan -- the U.S. 's largest steel suppliers -- have n't been filling their quotas to the full extent . </s>
<s> The EC steel industry , which has been UNK with strong European demand , has been UNK about 5 % of the U.S. market compared with recent quotas of about 6.7 % . </s>
<s> Japan has been shipping steel to total about 4.5 % of the U.S. market compared with a quota of 5.9 % . </s>
<s> In the recent talks , the EC had its quota increased about 300,000 tons , to 7 % of the U.S. market from 6.7 % in 1988 . </s>
<s> But its quota has been as high as 6.9 % in 1984 . </s>
<s> Japan , however , has agreed to cut its quota to about 5 % from 5.9 % previously . </s>
<s> Japan , the EC , Brazil , Mexico and South Korea provide about 80 % of the steel imported to the U.S. under the quota program . </s>
<s> The balance is supplied by a host of smaller exporters , such as Australia and Venezuela . </s>
<s> The U.S. had about an extra 2 % of the domestic steel market to give to foreign suppliers in its quota talks . </s>
<s> That was essentially made up of a 1 % increase in the overall quota program and 1 % from cutting Japan 's allowance . </s>
<s> UNK from the White House trade office will repeat these quota negotiations next year when they will have another 1 % of the U.S. steel market to UNK . </s>
<s> These UNK UNK increases to the steel quota program are built into the Bush administration 's UNK program to give its negotiators leverage with foreign steel suppliers to try to get them to withdraw subsidies and UNK from their own steel industries . </s>
<s> The Treasury plans to raise $ 175 million in new cash Thursday by selling about $ 9.75 billion of 52-week bills and UNK $ UNK billion of maturing bills . </s>
<s> The bills will be dated Oct. 26 and will mature Oct. 25 , 1990 . </s>
<s> They will be available in minimum denominations of $ 10,000 . </s>
<s> Bids must be received by 1 p.m. EDT Thursday at the Treasury or at Federal Reserve banks or branches . </s>
<s> Financial Corp. of Santa Barbara filed suit against former stock UNK Ivan F. Boesky and Drexel Burnham Lambert Inc. , charging they UNK the thrift by UNK their relationship when UNK it to buy $ UNK million in high-yield , high-risk junk bonds . </s>
<s> In a suit filed in federal court Thursday , the S&L alleged that a `` disproportionate number '' of the bonds it purchased in 1984 declined in value . </s>
<s> Financial Corp. purchased the bonds , the suit alleged , after Mr. Boesky and Drexel negotiated an agreement for UNK UNK to purchase a 51 % stake in the thrift for about $ 34 million . </s>
<s> UNK UNK was controlled by Mr. Boesky , who currently is serving a prison term for securities violations . </s>
<s> Officials at Drexel said they had n't seen the suit and thus could n't comment . </s>
<s> In addition to $ 33 million UNK damages , the suit seeks $ 100 million in punitive damages . </s>
<s> Also named in the suit is Ivan F. Boesky Corp. and UNK Corp. , the successor company to UNK UNK . </s>
<s> UNK officials could n't be located . </s>
<s> Financial Corp. said it agreed to buy the bonds after a representative of Ivan F. Boesky Corp. visited it in November 1983 and said Financial Corp. could improve its financial condition by purchasing the bonds . </s>
<s> Shortly before the visit , Mr. Boesky and Drexel UNK had met with Financial Corp. officials and had signed a letter of intent to acquire the 51 % stake in the company . </s>
<s> However , the agreement was canceled in June 1984 . </s>
<s> Financial Corp. purchased the bonds in at least 70 different transactions in 1984 and since then has realized $ 11 million in losses on them , the company said . </s>
<s> Friday , October 13 , 1989 </s>
<s> The key U.S. and foreign annual interest rates below are a guide to general levels but do n't always represent actual transactions . </s>
<s> PRIME RATE : </s>
<s> 10 1\/2 % . </s>
<s> The base rate on corporate loans at large U.S. money center commercial banks . </s>
<s> FEDERAL FUNDS : </s>
<s> 8 13\/16 % high , 8 1\/2 % low , 8 5\/8 % near closing bid , 8 3\/4 % offered . </s>
<s> Reserves traded among commercial banks for overnight use in amounts of $ 1 million or more . </s>
<s> Source : Fulton Prebon ( U.S.A . ) Inc . </s>
<s> DISCOUNT RATE : </s>
<s> 7 % . </s>
<s> The charge on loans to depository institutions by the New York Federal Reserve Bank . </s>
<s> CALL MONEY : </s>
<s> 9 3\/4 % to 10 % . </s>
<s> The charge on loans to brokers on stock exchange collateral . </s>
<s> COMMERCIAL PAPER placed directly by General Motors Acceptance Corp. : </s>
<s> 8.60 % 30 to 44 days ; 8.55 % 45 to 59 days ; 8.375 % 60 to 79 days ; 8.50 % 80 to 89 days ; 8.25 % 90 to 119 days ; UNK % 120 to 149 days ; 8 % 150 to 179 days ; UNK % 180 to 270 days . </s>
<s> COMMERCIAL PAPER : </s>
<s> High-grade unsecured notes sold through dealers by major corporations in multiples of $ 1,000 : </s>
<s> UNK % 30 days ; 8.55 % 60 days ; 8.55 % 90 days . </s>
<s> CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT : </s>
<s> UNK % one month ; UNK % two months ; UNK % three months ; UNK % six months ; UNK % one year . </s>
<s> Average of top rates paid by major New York banks on primary new issues of negotiable C.D.s , usually on amounts of $ 1 million and more . </s>
<s> The minimum unit is $ 100,000 . </s>
<s> Typical rates in the secondary market : </s>
<s> UNK % one month ; UNK % three months ; 8.55 % six months . </s>
<s> BANKERS ACCEPTANCES : </s>
<s> UNK % 30 days ; UNK % 60 days ; UNK % 90 days ; 7.98 % 120 days ; 7.92 % 150 days ; UNK % 180 days . </s>
<s> Negotiable , bank-backed business credit instruments typically financing an import order . </s>
<s> LONDON LATE EURODOLLARS : </s>
<s> 8 13\/16 % to 8 11\/16 % one month ; 8 13\/16 % to 8 11\/16 % two months ; 8 13\/16 % to 8 11\/16 % three months ; 8 3\/4 % to 8 5\/8 % four months ; 8 11\/16 % to 8 9\/16 % five months ; 8 5\/8 % to 8 1\/2 % six months . </s>
<s> LONDON INTERBANK OFFERED RATES ( LIBOR ) : </s>
<s> 8 3\/4 % one month ; 8 3\/4 % three months ; 8 9\/16 % six months ; 8 9\/16 % one year . </s>
<s> The average of interbank offered rates for dollar deposits in the London market based on quotations at five major banks . </s>
<s> FOREIGN PRIME RATES : </s>
<s> Canada 13.50 % ; Germany 8.50 % ; Japan 4.875 % ; Switzerland 8.50 % ; Britain 15 % . </s>
<s> These rate indications are n't directly comparable ; lending practices vary widely by location . </s>
<s> TREASURY BILLS : </s>
<s> Results of the Tuesday , October 10 , 1989 , auction of short-term U.S. government bills , sold at a discount from face value in units of $ 10,000 to $ 1 million : </s>
<s> UNK % 13 weeks ; UNK % 26 weeks . </s>
<s> FEDERAL HOME LOAN MORTGAGE CORP . ( Freddie Mac ) : </s>
<s> Posted yields on 30-year mortgage commitments for delivery within 30 days . </s>
<s> UNK % , standard conventional UNK mortgages ; 7.875 % , 2 % rate capped one-year adjustable rate mortgages . </s>
<s> Source : Telerate Systems Inc . </s>
<s> FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION ( Fannie Mae ) : </s>
<s> Posted yields on 30 year mortgage commitments for delivery within 30 days ( priced at par ) </s>
<s> UNK % , standard conventional fixed-rate mortgages ; UNK % , 6\/2 rate capped one-year adjustable rate mortgages . </s>
<s> Source : Telerate Systems Inc . </s>
<s> MERRILL LYNCH READY ASSETS TRUST : </s>
<s> 8.33 % . </s>
<s> Annualized average rate of return after expenses for the past 30 days ; not a forecast of future returns . </s>
<s> RJR Nabisco Inc. is UNK its division responsible for buying network advertising time , just a month after moving 11 of the group 's 14 employees to New York from Atlanta . </s>
<s> A spokesman for the New York-based food and tobacco giant , taken private earlier this year in a $ 25 billion leveraged buy-out by UNK Kravis Roberts & Co. , confirmed that it is UNK down the RJR Nabisco UNK unit , and UNK its 14 employees , in a move to save money . </s>
<s> The spokesman said RJR is discussing its UNK plans with its two main advertising firms , UNK / UNK Katz and UNK UNK . </s>
<s> `` We found with the size of our media purchases that an ad agency could do just as good a job at significantly lower cost , '' said the spokesman , who declined to specify how much RJR spends on network television time . </s>
<s> An executive close to the company said RJR is spending about $ 140 million on network television time this year , down from roughly $ 200 million last year . </s>
<s> The spokesman said the broadcast unit will be UNK Dec. 1 , and the move wo n't affect RJR 's print , radio and UNK buying practices . </s>
<s> The broadcast group had been based in New York until a year ago , when RJR 's previous management moved it to Atlanta , the company 's headquarters before this summer . </s>
<s> One employee with the group said RJR moved 11 employees of the group back to New York in September because `` there was supposed to be a future . '' </s>
<s> He said the company hired three more buyers for the unit within the past two weeks , UNK them from jobs with advertising agencies . </s>
<s> The RJR spokesman said the company moved the 11 employees to New York last month because the group had then been in the midst of purchasing ad time for the networks ' UNK season . </s>
<s> `` The studies { on closing the unit } could n't be completed until now , '' he said . </s>
<s> The group 's president , Peter UNK , was n't in his office Friday afternoon to comment . </s>
<s> While corn and soybean prices have slumped well below their UNK UNK of 1988 , wheat prices remain UNK high . </s>
<s> And they 're likely to stay that way for months to come , analysts say . </s>
<s> For one thing , even with many farmers UNK more winter wheat this year than last , tight wheat supplies are likely to support prices well into 1990 , the analysts say . </s>
<s> And if rain does n't fall soon across many of the Great UNK ' UNK areas , yields in the crop now being UNK could be reduced , further UNK supplies . </s>
<s> Also supporting prices are expectations that the Soviet Union will place substantial buying orders over the next few months . </s>
<s> By next May 31 , stocks of U.S. wheat to be carried over into the next season -- before the winter wheat now being UNK is UNK -- are projected to drop to UNK million UNK . </s>
<s> That would be the lowest level since the early 1970s . </s>
<s> Stocks were UNK million UNK on May 31 of this year . </s>
<s> In response to UNK domestic supplies , Agriculture Secretary UNK UNK last month said the U.S. government would slightly increase the number of acres farmers can plant in wheat for next year and still qualify for federal support payments . </s>
<s> The government estimates that the new plan will boost production next year by about 66 million UNK . </s>
<s> It now estimates production for next year at just under 2.6 billion UNK , compared with this year 's estimated UNK billion and a UNK UNK billion in 1988 . </s>
<s> But the full effect on prices of the winter wheat now being UNK wo n't be felt until the second half of next year . </s>
<s> Until then , limited stocks are likely to keep prices near the $ UNK level , analysts say . </s>
<s> On the Chicago Board of Trade Friday , wheat for December delivery settled at $ UNK a bushel , unchanged . </s>
<s> In theory at least , tight supplies next spring could leave the wheat futures market UNK to a UNK squeeze , said Daniel UNK , a futures analyst with UNK Co. in Chicago . </s>
<s> Such a situation can UNK UNK , as was shown by the emergency that developed in soybean futures trading this summer on the Chicago Board of Trade . </s>
<s> In July , the UNK ordered UNK UNK S.p . A. to liquidate futures positions equal to about 23 million UNK of soybeans . </s>
<s> The exchange said it feared that some members would n't be able to find enough soybeans to deliver and would have to default on their UNK obligation to the Italian conglomerate , which had refused requests to reduce its holdings . </s>
<s> UNK has denied it was trying to manipulate the soybean futures market . </s>
<s> UNK hot , dry weather across large portions of the Great UNK and in UNK areas in Washington and Oregon is threatening to reduce the yield from this season 's winter wheat crop , said UNK UNK , a futures analyst and head of UNK Analytical in Chicago . </s>
<s> For example , in the Oklahoma UNK , 40 % or more of the UNK is short of UNK . </s>
<s> That figure UNK to about 47 % in UNK portions of Kansas , he said . </s>
<s> The Soviet Union has n't given any clear indication of its wheat purchase plans , but many analysts expect Moscow to place sizable orders for U.S. wheat in the next few months , further supporting prices . </s>
<s> `` Wheat prices will increasingly UNK off of Soviet demand '' in coming weeks , predicted Richard UNK , vice president , research , for UNK Inc. in Chicago . </s>
<s> Looking ahead to other commodity markets this week : </s>
<s> Orange UNK Traders will be watching to see how long and how far the price decline that began Friday will go . </s>
<s> Late Thursday , after the close of trading , the market received what would normally have been a bullish U.S. Department of Agriculture estimate of the UNK Florida UNK crop . </s>
<s> It was near the low range of estimates , at 130 million UNK boxes , compared with UNK million boxes last season . </s>
<s> However , as expected , Brazil waited for the crop estimate to come out and then cut the export price of its UNK concentrate to about $ UNK a pound from around $ 1.55 . </s>
<s> Friday 's UNK selling of futures contracts UNK whatever UNK effect the U.S. report might have had and sent the November UNK UNK contract down as much as UNK cents a pound at one time . </s>
<s> It settled with a loss of UNK cents at $ UNK a pound . </s>
<s> Brazilian UNK , after a delay caused by drought at the start of its crop season , is beginning to arrive in the U.S. in large quantities . </s>
<s> Brazil wants to stimulate demand for its product , which is going to be in UNK supply . </s>
<s> The price cut , one analyst said , appeared to be aimed even more at Europe , where consumption of Brazilian UNK has fallen . </s>
<s> It 's a UNK product , and the strong dollar has made it more expensive in Europe , the analyst said . </s>
<s> New York futures prices have dropped significantly from more than $ 2 a pound at UNK . </s>
<s> UNK a cold UNK or other crop problems in the growing areas , downward pressure on prices is likely to continue into January , when UNK and processing of UNK in Florida reach their peak , the analyst said . </s>
<s> Energy </s>
<s> Although some analysts look for profit-taking in the wake of Friday 's leap in crude oil prices , last week 's rally is generally expected to continue this week . </s>
<s> `` I would continue to look for a stable crude market , at least in futures '' trading , said William UNK , an energy futures broker with UNK & Co . </s>
<s> Friday capped a week of steadily rising crude oil prices in both futures and spot markets . </s>
<s> On the New York Mercantile Exchange , West Texas Intermediate crude for November delivery finished at $ UNK a barrel , up 42 cents on the day . </s>
<s> On European markets , meanwhile , spot prices of North Sea UNK were up 35 to 75 cents a barrel . </s>
<s> `` This market still wants to go higher , '' said UNK UNK , a first vice president at Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc . </s>
<s> He predicted that the November contract will reach $ UNK a barrel or more on the New York Mercantile Exchange . </s>
<s> There has been little news to account for such UNK in the oil markets . </s>
<s> Analysts generally cite a lack of bearish developments as well as rumors of a possible UNK of supplies of some fuels and UNK . </s>
<s> There also are UNK reports that the Soviet Union is having difficulties with its oil exports and that UNK has about reached its production limit and ca n't produce as much as it could sell . </s>
<s> Many traders UNK a UNK of near-term supplies , particularly of high-quality UNK such as those produced in the North Sea and in UNK . </s>
|
d49991cfc7add3103ccadba947811a3c35d41575
|
683d2599aa2be1a5f74b928d545b20e7ea656cd1
|
/microdaq/macros/microdaq_macros/mdaq_ao_write.sci
|
570a88e68c29bfae4a99094ea580fa91b7c8fe06
|
[
"BSD-3-Clause"
] |
permissive
|
pj1974/Scilab
|
5c7fb67d5cae5ac0cdf78e3dd66b97ba50f9fc95
|
cd54f1bd8502d6914ad6ff5271ca0e6e3d323935
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-12-25T17:12:56.934984
| 2015-10-06T17:16:11
| 2015-10-06T17:16:11
| 41,862,822
| 0
| 0
| null | 2015-09-03T14:00:56
| 2015-09-03T14:00:56
| null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 692
|
sci
|
mdaq_ao_write.sci
|
function mdaq_ao_write(link_id, dac, channels, data)
if link_id < 0 then
disp("Wrong link ID!")
return;
end
if dac > 3 then
disp("ERROR: Unsuported DAC!");
return;
end
ch_count = max(size(channels));
if ch_count < 1 | ch_count > 8 then
disp("Wrong AO channel setup!")
return;
end
result = [];
result = call("sci_mlink_ao_write",..
link_id, 1, "i",..
dac, 2, "i",..
channels, 3, "i",..
ch_count, 4, "i",..
data, 5, "d",..
"out",..
[1, 1], 6, "i");
if result < 0 then
mdaq_error(result);
end
endfunction
|
26042e3cb100df9e0abb7176d98fb63ba36bc92f
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/2090/CH3/EX3.8/Chapter3_Example8.sce
|
00f40c5369a813168de140f8875130a257ec49b6
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 1,638
|
sce
|
Chapter3_Example8.sce
|
clc
clear
//Input data
P=600;//Power of an engine in kW
t=25;//Temperature at which fuel is used in degree centigrade
Ta=150;//Theoretical air used in percentage
T1=400;//The temperature at which air enters in K
T2=700;//The temperature at which the products of combustion leave in K
Q=-150;//The heat loss from the engine in kW
C=12;//Molecular weight of carbon
h=1;//Molecular weight of hydrogen
//Calculations
hfc=-259.28;//The enthalpy of the compound C8H18 for the given conditions in MJ/kmol fuel
hfo1=3.029;//The enthalpy of the oxygen gas in MJ/kmol fuel
hfn1=2.971;//The enthalpy of the nitrogen gas in MJ/kmol fuel
HR=(hfc)+(1.5*12.5*hfo1)+(1.5*12.5*3.76*hfn1);//The total enthalpy on the reactants side in MJ/kmol fuel
hfco=-393.52;//The enthalpy of carbondioxide for formation state in MJ/kmol fuel
hfco1=17.761;//The change in enthalpy of the carbondioxide for temp difference in MJ/kmol fuel
hfh=-241.82;//The enthalpy of water for formation state in MJ/kmol fuel
hfh1=14.184;//The change in the enthalpy of the water for temp difference in MJ/kmol fuel
hfo2=12.502;//The enthalpy of the oxygen gas in MJ/kmol fuel
hfn2=11.937;//The enthalpy of the nitrogen gas in MJ/kmol fuel
HP=(8*(hfco+hfco1))+(9*(hfh+hfh1))+(6.25*hfo2)+(70.5*hfn2);//The total enthalpy on the products side in MJ/kmol fuel
H=HP-HR;//The total change in enthalpy of reactants and products in MJ/kmol fuel
nf=([Q-P]*3600)/[H*10^3];//The fuel rate in kmol/s
M=(8*C)+(18*h);//Molecular weight of fuel
mf=nf*M;//The fuel consumption in kg/h
//Output
printf(' The fuel consumption for complete combustion is %3.2f kg/h',mf)
|
8d9ec66ee82933c3c90de79887520b173074cde8
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/48/CH3/EX3.5/eg_3_5.sce
|
2236bc652a65960a33e4717b12d4f27857ed8562
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 413
|
sce
|
eg_3_5.sce
|
clear;
clc;
disp("T(A,B,C,D)=A^C^+ABD+BC^D+AB^D^+ABCD^");
disp("Assume A^=x , C^=y , BD=z");
disp("Now from consensus theorem for the first three terms");
disp("BC^D is the redundant term so it can be removed");
disp("T(A,B,C,D)=A^C^+ABD+AB^D^+ABCD^");
disp("T(A,B,C,D)=A^C^+ABD+AD^(B^+BC)");
disp("we know that a+a^b=a+b");
disp("T(A,B,C,D)=A^C^+ABD+AD^(B^+C)");
disp("T(A,B,C,D)=A^C^+A(BD+D^(B^+C))");
|
dca01bc1263457ee6f37793b57dd73edc284bec6
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/647/CH4/EX4.1/Example4_1.sce
|
9329c044f00318cca4aff86b46ea574569da9049
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 383
|
sce
|
Example4_1.sce
|
clear;
clc;
// Example: 4.1
// Page: 118
printf("Example: 4.1 - Page: 118\n\n");
// Solution
//*****Data*****//
Qp = -327;// [kcal]
T = 27 + 273;// [K]
R = 2*10^(-3);// [kcal/K mol]
//*************//
// The reaction involved is:
// C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) = 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)
deltan = 2 - 3;
Qv = Qp - deltan*R*T;// [kcal]
printf("Value of Qv is %.2f kcal\n",Qv);
|
56c6d3b843ac9104989bc97a871194fe743aad55
|
987355b7738508e014e47fef926b89d10f69c77c
|
/selection.sci
|
e7bd10f14aff3bb3b1cb6c510950a78110d45fac
|
[] |
no_license
|
RobertMut/GA_scilab
|
60d3c87d1a15a683584a1161a313b05fe966eb55
|
a18ea36600f758ba20e1f5c70624ccd846d30da7
|
refs/heads/main
| 2023-06-09T12:46:19.394412
| 2021-06-18T12:12:32
| 2021-06-18T12:12:32
| 362,424,370
| 0
| 0
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 337
|
sci
|
selection.sci
|
function selectedPopulation=KillWeakest(population, userIn)
selectedPopulation(:,:) = [];
fitness = ObjectiveFunc(population, userIn);
m = mean(fitness);
for i=1:size(fitness)(1)
if (fitness(i)<m)
selectedPopulation(size(selectedPopulation)(1)+1,:) = population(i,:);
end
end
endfunction
|
ba6ea11adda57cd5299609587d0b897699af8e52
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/2579/CH5/EX5.33/Ex5_33.txt
|
c17ca8c2f6b427bcfdca8639de61d818ae5162f9
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 350
|
txt
|
Ex5_33.txt
|
//Ex:5.33
clc;
clear;
close;
wt=2*10^3;// transmeter power in Watt
Gt=1.64;// directivity of transmeter
Gr=1.64;// directivity of receiver
d=200*10^3;// distance in m
f=150;// frequency in MHz
y=300/f;// wavelength in m
wr=(wt*Gt*Gr)*(y/(4*%pi*d))^2;// max received power in Watt
printf("The max received power = %f*10^-9 Watts", wr*10^9);
|
efaa9c0ec9cef6361982a45e0c73d0f52eb8c86f
|
638e584c816a7bd11ec96d6be4e933243edfcb1d
|
/Fortran/mur-insta/run.sci
|
c34fe4ef9a6619ae6f4bc52a777601940acddd70
|
[] |
no_license
|
sgibout/M2S
|
f7c3ba5a7b37a4bb3ab0ce34e6b14ea1a4e47b6f
|
7614c676373747cb609b88bccd02133da097366b
|
refs/heads/master
| 2022-10-22T14:10:02.950774
| 2022-10-19T14:54:53
| 2022-10-19T14:54:53
| 23,542,373
| 0
| 0
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 2,868
|
sci
|
run.sci
|
// ***********************************************************
// ** Exemple de code - Cours M2S - ENSGTI 2A - Energétique **
// ** Stéphane Gibout - 2014 **
// ** **
// ** Mur Instationnaire - Schéma de Crank-Nicholson **
// ** **
// ***********************************************************
function [ T ] = run(M,I,D,L,rho,C,k,T0,TG,TD)
// -------------------------------------------------------
// Valeurs calculées
// -------------------------------------------------------
// Pas de temps
dt = D/I
// Pas de temps
dx = L/M
// Coefficient <<alpha>>
a = (dt*k)/(rho*C*dx*dx);
// -------------------------------------------------------
// Déclaration des vecteurs et matrices
// avec remplissage . CI
// -------------------------------------------------------
// Matrice A : je profite ici de la structure particulière
A = diag([(1+1.5*a) , (1+a)*linspace(1,1,M-2) , (1+1.5*a) ]);
A = A + diag(-0.5*a*linspace(1,1,M-1),1) + diag(-0.5*a*linspace(1,1,M-1),-1);
// Matrice B : idem
B = diag([(1-1.5*a) , (1-a)*linspace(1,1,M-2) , (1-1.5*a) ]);
B = B + diag(0.5*a*linspace(1,1,M-1),1) + diag(0.5*a*linspace(1,1,M-1),-1);
// Vecteur C : on met des 0 partout puis on modifie les deux seuls valeurs non nulles
C = zeros(M,1);
C([1 M])= 2*a*[TG TD]';
// On peut maintenant calculer les matrices <<primes>>
AA = inv(A)*B;
CC = inv(A)*C;
// Chaque colonne correspond au champs de température pour un pas
// de temps donné. Puisque la numérotation des indices débute à 1
// avec Scilab, on doit décaler les indices de colonne...
T = zeros(M,I+1);
T(:,1) = T0;
// -------------------------------------------------------
// Résolution
// -------------------------------------------------------
for i=1:I
T(:,i+1) = AA*T(:,i) + CC;
end
// -------------------------------------------------------
// C'est tout !
// -------------------------------------------------------
endfunction
M = 100; // Nombre de noeuds en espace
I = 7200; // Nombre de pas de temps
L = 0.1; // Epaisseur du mur [m]
D = 5000; // Durée totale [s]
rho = 1000; // Masse volumique [kg/m3]
C = 1000; // Capacité calorifique [J/(kg.K)]
k = 1; // Conductivité thermique [W/(m.K)]
T0 = 20; // Température initiale [°C]
TG = 30; // Température imposée en x=0 [°C]
TD = 00; // Température imposée en x=L [°C]
[ T ] = run(M,I,D,L,rho,C,k,T0,TG,TD)
clf();
plot2d(linspace(0,100*L,M),T(:,linspace(1,I+1,10)))
xlabel("x [cm]");
|
f376eb6824832ca241d30631974e9534db3d7b0c
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/2414/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce
|
d5f958e0b3347969ea4f8b595fc9c15fffffe44b
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 175
|
sce
|
Ex13_5.sce
|
clc;
close();
clear();
//page no 450
//prob no. 13.5
SNoutdB=53;
N=(SNoutdB-1.76)/6.02;
mprintf(' N=%.2f bits \n',N);
N=9; //roundup
mprintf(' N=%i bits \n',N);
|
72a8e9414ab619ba769f8a15e37f810810e8dde2
|
1bb72df9a084fe4f8c0ec39f778282eb52750801
|
/test/PP3.prev.tst
|
d354bef7d0e1e30b6a0a8fa10d4153a4dcad858e
|
[
"Apache-2.0",
"LicenseRef-scancode-unknown-license-reference"
] |
permissive
|
gfis/ramath
|
498adfc7a6d353d4775b33020fdf992628e3fbff
|
b09b48639ddd4709ffb1c729e33f6a4b9ef676b5
|
refs/heads/master
| 2023-08-17T00:10:37.092379
| 2023-08-04T07:48:00
| 2023-08-04T07:48:00
| 30,116,803
| 2
| 0
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 332
|
tst
|
PP3.prev.tst
|
- 10*w3v4*x^3 - 5*w3v4*y^4 - 20*z - 2*z^2 - 50
; vgcd=1; gcd=1; isZero=false; hasVariable=true; isBiased=true; mergeVariables= - 20*x_y_z - 2*x_y_z^2 - 10*x_y_z^4 - 5*x_y_z^5 - 50; relation=EQ_0
; evaluate=failure biased
/01;20 -> - 20*z
/02;2 -> - 2*z^2
/03/01;10 -> - 10*w3v4*x^3
/04/01;5 -> - 5*w3v4*y^4
;50 -> - 50
|
e002b76588887305512900a1be3412878d502ea3
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/45/CH13/EX13.2/example_13_2.sce
|
ac35a177c0b3f2349426d4765487329b5985de53
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 328
|
sce
|
example_13_2.sce
|
//example 13.2
clc;
clear;
close;
//cp = input('enter the capacity of the memory system in bits :');
cp=1024; // given capacity
n= log2(cp);
printf('The no of bits in the address word are : %d\n',n);
printf('The number of required rows are : %d\n',2^(n/2));
printf('The number of required columns are : %d',2^(n/2));
|
27fc8eb0c3a0eea38cde0a030f76e2e05ce29a7a
|
6e257f133dd8984b578f3c9fd3f269eabc0750be
|
/ScilabFromTheoryToPractice/Computing/testexo5k.sce
|
ed7d3e620a3e64bf2a376da31a32b0c585dda3f5
|
[] |
no_license
|
markusmorawitz77/Scilab
|
902ef1b9f356dd38ea2dbadc892fe50d32b44bd0
|
7c98963a7d80915f66a3231a2235010e879049aa
|
refs/heads/master
| 2021-01-19T23:53:52.068010
| 2017-04-22T12:39:21
| 2017-04-22T12:39:21
| 89,051,705
| 0
| 0
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 109
|
sce
|
testexo5k.sce
|
u11=zeros(1,6) // first solution
u11=0*[1:6] // second solution
u11=[1:6]-[1:6] // third solution
|
041ffe2efa044b90d3f23953a16c7b5def8a527d
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/62/CH4/EX4.35/ex_4_35.sce
|
0126b46d914d3c2545817eacb1b50a9e6e4e8288
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 180
|
sce
|
ex_4_35.sce
|
//unilateral z-transform
clear;
clc;
syms n z a;
x=a^n;
X=symsum(x*z^-n,n,0,%inf)
disp(X,"ans=")
//x[n]=a^(n+1)*u[n+1]
x=a^(n+1);
X=symsum(x*z^-n,n,0,%inf)
disp(X,"ans=")
|
0bed22e91ab5574975352a7ec929df4ede1836d0
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/1511/CH1/EX1.11/ex1_11.sce
|
903ee1903fa423d0692beaebe54bdd496031199f
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 420
|
sce
|
ex1_11.sce
|
// Example 1.11 page no-33
clear
clc
l=2 //cm
D=18 //cm
s=0.5 //cm
//(a)
va1=500 //volts
ds1=l*D/(2*s*va1)//Deflection Sensitivity
//(b)
va2=1000 //Volts
ds2=l*D/(2*s*va2)
//(c)
va3=1500 //Volts
ds3=l*D/(2*s*va3)
printf("\n(a)Va=%dV\nDeflection Sensitivity S_E=%.3f cm/V \n\n(b)Va=%dV\nDeflection Sensitivity S_E=%.3f cm/V\n\n(c)Va=%dV\nDeflection Sensitivity S_E=%.3f cm/V",va1,ds1,va2,ds2,va3,ds3)
|
e2e74e467c5f3419cecdf87c16be2e1ccd3defe5
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/536/CH9/EX9.4/Example_9_4.sce
|
25b04c48fe5a30b319a05a732acabaf4e14bf972
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 684
|
sce
|
Example_9_4.sce
|
clc;
clear;
printf("\n Example 9.4\n");
T=295; //initial temperature of surfaces
T2f=375; //Final temperature of far surface
dT1=900; //Temperature of near face raised
//The temperature at any distance x from the near face at time t is given by equation 9.37
//Choosing the temperature scale so that the initial temperature is everywhere zero, then:
R=(T2f-T)/(2*(dT1-T)); //ratio of theta to twice of theta dash
//An approximate solution is obtained by taking the first term only, to give:
// R=erfc(346*t^-0.5)
//erfc(1.30)=R
//solving above equation
x=poly([0],'x');
t=roots((1.30^2*x)-346^2);
printf("\n Time taken to rise from 295 to 375 K = %.1f h",t/3600);
|
ac68a54959befd38f483548d35d8ee38efa6f04f
|
8217f7986187902617ad1bf89cb789618a90dd0a
|
/source/2.4/examples/link-examples/ext10f.sce
|
0085a305241cafbd76dcd0724f227d1851a2dd2d
|
[
"LicenseRef-scancode-public-domain",
"LicenseRef-scancode-warranty-disclaimer"
] |
permissive
|
clg55/Scilab-Workbench
|
4ebc01d2daea5026ad07fbfc53e16d4b29179502
|
9f8fd29c7f2a98100fa9aed8b58f6768d24a1875
|
refs/heads/master
| 2023-05-31T04:06:22.931111
| 2022-09-13T14:41:51
| 2022-09-13T14:41:51
| 258,270,193
| 0
| 1
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 214
|
sce
|
ext10f.sce
|
//Copyright INRIA
files=G_make(['/tmp/ext10f.o'],'ext10f.dll');
link(files,'ext10f');
//passing a parameter to ext10f routine by a list:
param=[0.04,10000,3d+7];
y=ode([1;0;0],0,[0.4,4],list('ext10f',param))
|
3238f666132dab5eec49819b473f0db707b9565e
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/2276/CH9/EX9.3/chapter9_ex3.sce
|
250cf1ba58555c2c7bb996cd950cce7b33e484e4
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 552
|
sce
|
chapter9_ex3.sce
|
clc
clear
//input
t1=120;//primary turns of an ideal transformer
ls1=0.24;//self inductance of primary in henry
v=240;//supply voltage in volts
t2=300;//secondary turns of the ideal transformer
//calculations
d=v/ls1;//rate of change of current in A/s
v2=v*(t2/t1);//secondary voltage in volts
M=v2/d;//mutual impedance in henry
ls2=ls1*((t2*t2)/(t1*t1));//self inuctance of the secondary in henry
//output
mprintf('the mutual impedance between the coils is %3.1fH and the self inductance of the secondary winding is %3.1fH',M,ls2)
|
4c0c1e2f9badefd2b82259110ee8ee42bfddc8dd
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/3689/CH14/EX14.5/14_5.sce
|
1690ccd972bda148152cde619d404ff0a248e4d8
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 605
|
sce
|
14_5.sce
|
////
//Variable Declarations
h = 6.626e-34 //Planks constant, J.s
k = 1.38e-23 //Boltzman constant, J/K
c = 3.0e8 //speed of light, m/s
B = 60.589 //Spectrum for H2, 1/cm
T = 1000 //Temperture of Hydrogen, K
//Calculations
qR = k*T/(2*h*c*100*B)
qRs = 0.0
//for J in range(101):
// print J
// if (J%2 == 0):
// qRs = qRs + (2*J+1)*exp(-h*c*100*B*J*(J+1)/(k*T)
// else:
// qRs = qRs + 3*(2*J+1)*exp(-h*c*100*B*J*(J+1)/(k*T))
//print qRs/4
//Results
printf("\n Rotation partition function of H2 at %4.0f is %4.3f",T,qR)
|
2beed63ac5b61366d6c019ae521944d74cf28d75
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/2096/CH7/EX7.12/ex_7_12.sce
|
84e4f326b3ae9b56cbcdf7f719b1e1dc7f7a65be
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 266
|
sce
|
ex_7_12.sce
|
//Example 7.12 // voltage
clc;
clear;
close;
//given data :
Rh=3.55*10^-4; // hall coefficient in m^3/C
I=0.015; // current in A
A=15*10^-6; // area in m^2
B=0.48; // flux density in Wb/m^2
Jx=I/A;
Ey=Rh*B*Jx;
V=Ey*A*10^3;
disp(V,"voltage between contact,V(V) = ")
|
92021f9240abf69ccaeffa0c696d0e35d898a7b7
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/800/DEPENDENCIES/4_7.sci
|
b93e2ac5c5ef52947330a6d207cb8ba0b44fa212
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 92
|
sci
|
4_7.sci
|
kprime = 0.0266; //lb.mol/atm.lb cat.h
alpha = 0.0166;
e = -0.15;
W0 = 0;
FA0=1;
|
84174c64f14edda0e3c939999d7f4645804809bd
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/3507/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce
|
9f6b39c5e33bb0a6b523427e36552f94a2301b52
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 1,413
|
sce
|
Ex13_5.sce
|
// chapter 13
// example 13.5
// page 280
printf("operating point is (8V,1mA). During positive half cycle of \nac signal collector current swings from 1 mA to 1.5 mA \nand collector emitter voltage swings from 8 V to 7 V.\nThis is at A.During negative half cycle of \nac signal collector current swings from 1 mA to 0.5 mA \nand collector emitter voltage swings from 8 V to 9 V.\nThis is at B. \n \n")
printf("Note : When ac signal is applied, ac signal collector current and \ncollector emitter voltage variations take place about Q point. \nAlso, operating point moves along load line.\n")
clf()
x=linspace(-3*%pi,-%pi,10)
plot(x,-0.5*sin(x)+1)
x=linspace(7,9,10)
plot(x,5-0.5*x)
x=linspace(-3*%pi,-%pi,10)
plot(-sin(x)+8,x)
plot(x,xgrid())
xtitle("collector current and collector emitter voltage swings","collector emitter voltage (volts)","collector current (mA)")
a=gca(); // Handle on axes entity
a.x_location = "origin";
a.y_location = "origin";
// Some operations on entities created by plot ...
a=gca();
a.isoview='on';
a.children // list the children of the axes : here it is an Compound child composed of 2 entities
poly1= a.children.children(2); //store polyline handle into poly1
poly1.foreground = 4; // another way to change the style...
poly1.thickness = 3; // ...and the tickness of a curve.
poly1.clip_state='off' // clipping control
a.isoview='off';
|
c8bf0f8d287af07cda29086b4dc4416393d7d8bc
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/764/CH12/EX12.7.b/solution12_7.sce
|
8c340cd2afd2b07f01f11a5cbeb03f731d61dd5f
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 883
|
sce
|
solution12_7.sce
|
//Obtain path of solution file
path = get_absolute_file_path('solution12_7.sce')
//Obtain path of data file
datapath = path + filesep() + 'data12_7.sci'
//Clear all
clc
//Execute the data file
exec(datapath)
//Calculate the distance of the pivot from the axis of the drum h (mm)
h = (4 * (D/2) * sind(theta/2))/((theta * %pi/180) + sind(theta))
//Calculate the torque capacity of each shoe Mt (N-mm)
Mt = 2 * mu * (D/2)^2 * w * pmax * sind(theta/2)
//Calculate the reactions at the pivot Rx and Ry (N)
Rx = 0.5 * (D/2) * w * pmax * ((theta * %pi/180) + sind(theta))
Ry = 0.5 * mu * (D/2) * w * pmax * ((theta * %pi/180) + sind(theta))
//Print results
printf("\nDistance of pivot from axis of the drum(h) = %f mm\n",h)
printf("\nTorque capacity of each shoe(Mt) = %f N-mm\n",Mt)
printf("\nReaction in x-direction(Rx) = %f N\n",Rx)
printf("\nReaction in y-direction(Ry) = %f N\n",Ry)
|
0aff773926bd4b16f809aa17ba96d65df6549447
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/557/CH5/EX5.2/2.sce
|
9c573988dda2bec61d025e67008f65c8cd6ec512
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 1,004
|
sce
|
2.sce
|
clc;funcprot(0);
//Example 5.2
//Initializing the variables
v = 5; //Velocity of jet
rho = 1000; //density of water
d = 0.025; //Diameter of fixed nozzle
//Calculations
//--Part(a) Variation of force exerted normal to the plate with plate angle--//
header = ["Theta" " vcos(x)" " ρAv" " Force"];
unit = [" deg" " m/s" " kg/s" " N"];
A = %pi*d^2/4;
x = linspace(0,90,7);
vcomp = v*cosd(x);
m = rho*A*v;
ma = linspace(m,m,7);
force = rho*A*v^2*cosd(x);
value = [x;vcomp;ma;force]' ;
disp(value,unit, header );
//--Part(b) Variation of force exerted normal to the plate with plate velocity--//
header = ["Theta" " v" " u" " v-u" " ρA(v-u)" " Force"] ;
unit = [" deg " "m/s" "m/s " " m/s" " kg/s " " N"] ;
x = linspace(0,0,5);
v = linspace(5,5,5);
u = linspace(2,-2,5);
D = v-u;
Prod = rho*A*D;
Force = rho*A*D^2;
value = [x;v;u;D;Prod;Force]';
disp(value,unit,header) ;
|
a3b28cde2081b85744340a267c41269470790d26
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/70/CH1/EX1.3.1/1_3_1.sci
|
1372879accf9a2e8d86a97a418579a1fd8d2d1ff
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 316
|
sci
|
1_3_1.sci
|
clear;
close;
clc;
a =[1 1 1;2 2 5;4 6 8]
disp('x=[u;v;w]')
disp('R2=R2-R1,R3=R3-4*R1')
a(2,:)=a(2,:)-2*a(1,:);
a(3,:)=a(3,:)-4*a(1,:);
disp(a);
disp('R2<->R3')
b=a(2,:);
a(2,:)=a(3,:);
a(3,:)=b;
disp(a);
disp('The system is now triangular and the equations can be solved by Back substitution');
//end
|
e711f2a1d5de4316ae91cfefbca258200a6fffe0
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/1514/CH14/EX14.3/14_3.sce
|
a4498db8d1de6af6c87cf04fde8c6acfc5601081
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 267
|
sce
|
14_3.sce
|
//chapter 14
//example 14.3
//page 440
clear all;
clc ;
//given
Av=50;
//gain in db
Av=20*log10(Av)
printf("\nVoltage gain=%d db",ceil(Av));
printf("\nThere are no liststed component value for given gain\nUse Av=20 db\nc1=500 pF\nc2=20 pF\nR1=1.5 kohm ");
|
027443e1af6fb3223b40436b5c9f6e84a55670ed
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/978/CH9/EX9.1/Example9_1.sce
|
d64e1cf38da9b3a07f4a17d64bc634dff720d723
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 246
|
sce
|
Example9_1.sce
|
//chapter-9,Example9_1,pg 501
fc=1.3*10^6//centre frequency
fsignal=1*10^6//frequency of the signal
fvfo=0.3*10^6//frequency of variable frequency oscillator
per=(fvfo/fc)*100
printf("percent variation\n")
printf("per=%.3f",per)
|
27ff22ff3397dbb6359ddade88220513d9f2439c
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/3685/CH20/EX20.2/Ex20_2.sce
|
ea0ce7e0f47ad46410a9c91e7cab304018524610
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 628
|
sce
|
Ex20_2.sce
|
clc
// Given that
// Four cylinder engine
BP = 30 // Power developed by engine in kW
N = 2500 // Speed in rpm
P_m = 800 // Mean effective pressure for each cylinder in kN/m^2
n_m = 0.8 // Mechanical efficiency
r = 1.5 // Stroke to bore ratio
n_b = 0.28 // Brake thermal efficiency
c_v = 44 // Heating value of petrol in MJ/kg
printf("\n Example 20.2\n")
IP = BP/n_m
d = ((IP*1000*60)/(P_m*1000*r*(%pi/4)*N*4))^(1/3)
L = r*d
m_f = BP/(c_v*1000*n_b)
bsfc = m_f*3600/BP
printf("\n Diameter of cylinder = %f cm\n Stroke of each cylinder = %f cm\n Brake specific fuel consumption = %f kg/kWh",d*10^2,L*100,bsfc)
|
c5134bb945d0a00fa4552afd2c8948b626765bd8
|
c565d26060d56f516d954d4b378b8699c31a71ef
|
/Vikas_self/codes/SelfTuning_Vikas/PIControllersetpointchange/piselftunedwithDS30to45.sce
|
6d9050929329d92e6d7bd31f2dcc515a8882d084
|
[] |
no_license
|
rupakrokade/sbhs-manual
|
26d6e458c5d6aaba858c3cb2d07ff646d90645ce
|
5aad4829d5ba1cdf9cc62d72f794fab2b56dd786
|
refs/heads/master
| 2021-01-23T06:25:53.904684
| 2015-10-24T11:57:04
| 2015-10-24T11:57:04
| 5,258,478
| 0
| 0
| null | 2012-11-16T11:45:07
| 2012-08-01T11:36:17
|
Scilab
|
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 27,000
|
sce
|
piselftunedwithDS30to45.sce
|
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0.310E+01 0.314E+02 0.000E+00 0.360E+01
0.410E+01 0.315E+02 0.344E+00 0.360E+01
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0.610E+01 0.311E+02 0.102E+01 0.360E+01
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0.125E+03 0.333E+02 0.379E+02 0.180E+01
0.126E+03 0.332E+02 0.375E+02 0.170E+01
0.127E+03 0.330E+02 0.382E+02 0.180E+01
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0.137E+03 0.332E+02 0.390E+02 0.180E+01
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0.140E+03 0.332E+02 0.390E+02 0.190E+01
0.141E+03 0.332E+02 0.387E+02 0.180E+01
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0.457E+03 0.350E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.458E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.459E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.460E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.461E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.462E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.463E+03 0.350E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.464E+03 0.350E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.465E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.466E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.467E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.468E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.469E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.470E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.471E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.472E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.473E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.474E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.475E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.476E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.477E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.478E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.479E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.480E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.481E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.482E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.483E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.484E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.485E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.486E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.487E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.488E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.489E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.490E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.491E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.492E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.493E+03 0.350E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.494E+03 0.350E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.495E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.496E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.497E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.498E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.499E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.500E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.501E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.502E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.503E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.504E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.505E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.506E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.507E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.508E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.509E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.510E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.511E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.512E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.513E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.514E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.515E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.516E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.517E+03 0.345E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.518E+03 0.345E+02 0.390E+02 0.105E+02
0.519E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.105E+02
0.520E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.521E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.522E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.523E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.524E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.525E+03 0.351E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.526E+03 0.350E+02 0.385E+02 0.990E+01
0.527E+03 0.350E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.528E+03 0.350E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.529E+03 0.350E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.530E+03 0.350E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.531E+03 0.350E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.532E+03 0.351E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.533E+03 0.351E+02 0.390E+02 0.990E+01
0.534E+03 0.350E+02 0.390E+02 0.990E+01
0.535E+03 0.350E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.536E+03 0.350E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.537E+03 0.350E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.538E+03 0.350E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.539E+03 0.350E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.540E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.541E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.542E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.543E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.544E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.545E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.546E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.547E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.548E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.549E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.550E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.551E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.552E+03 0.345E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.553E+03 0.345E+02 0.390E+02 0.105E+02
0.554E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.105E+02
0.555E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.556E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.557E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.558E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.559E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.560E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.561E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.562E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.563E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.564E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.565E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.566E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.567E+03 0.350E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.568E+03 0.350E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.569E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.570E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.571E+03 0.350E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
0.572E+03 0.351E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.573E+03 0.350E+02 0.390E+02 0.990E+01
0.574E+03 0.351E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.575E+03 0.350E+02 0.390E+02 0.990E+01
0.576E+03 0.350E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.577E+03 0.350E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.578E+03 0.351E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.579E+03 0.350E+02 0.390E+02 0.990E+01
0.580E+03 0.350E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.581E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.100E+02
0.582E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.583E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.584E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.585E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.586E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.587E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.588E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.589E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.590E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.591E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.592E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.593E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.594E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.595E+03 0.346E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.596E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.104E+02
0.597E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.598E+03 0.348E+02 0.390E+02 0.103E+02
0.599E+03 0.347E+02 0.390E+02 0.102E+02
|
5939691ef08d21eac3984244f0898680a46bf5da
|
449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8
|
/770/CH14/EX14.3/14_3.sce
|
1a7760dc654ae0ce12ae64c96842800fab1d8d00
|
[] |
no_license
|
FOSSEE/Scilab-TBC-Uploads
|
948e5d1126d46bdd2f89a44c54ba62b0f0a1f5e1
|
7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df
|
refs/heads/master
| 2020-04-09T02:43:26.499817
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 2018-02-03T05:31:52
| 37,975,407
| 3
| 12
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 483
|
sce
|
14_3.sce
|
clear;
clc;
//Example - 14.3
//Page number - 458
printf("Example - 14.3 and Page number - 458\n\n");
//This problem involves proving a relation in which no mathematics and no calculations are involved.
//For prove refer to this example 14.3 on page number 458 of the book.
printf(" This problem involves proving a relation in which no mathematics and no calculations are involved.\n\n");
printf(" For prove refer to this example 14.3 on page number 458 of the book.")
|
bd17996cbbe5897bb9e0aec6026953ae0db4df67
|
217afc33663ba0533cf6775c45d12223f5616fc0
|
/Scilab/OraclePH.sci
|
58721e70aecb9f806ffd4430625ac908c0d254e9
|
[] |
no_license
|
VIsh76/Optimisation
|
b30fd593006cdd89f1d0510f9f9123a3fb5db1eb
|
29e8ee916e53fcc5b6244de837982b8d258e531b
|
refs/heads/master
| 2021-01-18T16:02:22.233606
| 2017-05-11T14:33:43
| 2017-05-11T14:33:43
| 84,542,502
| 0
| 0
| null | null | null | null |
UTF-8
|
Scilab
| false
| false
| 521
|
sci
|
OraclePH.sci
|
function [F,G,H,ind]=OraclePH(qc,ind)
F=0;
G=0;
H=0;
q = B*qc+q0;
if ind==2 then
[F,G]=OraclePG(qc,2);
elseif ind==3 then
[F,G]=OraclePG(qc,3);
elseif ind==4 then
[F,G]=OraclePG(qc,4);
elseif ind==5 then
H=2*B'*diag(r.*abs(q))*B;
elseif ind==6 then
[F,G]=OraclePG(qc,3);
H=2*B'*diag(r.*abs(q))*B;
elseif ind==7 then
[F,G]=OraclePG(qc,3);
F=OraclePG(qc,2);
H=2*B'*diag(r.*abs(q))*B;
end
endfunction
|
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