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null | What information supports the conclusion that Charlie inherited this trait? | [
"Charlie and his father both have dark hair.",
"Charlie's parents have pale skin. They passed down this trait to Charlie."
] | B | Read the description of a trait.
Charlie has pale skin. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | biology | Heredity | Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement | Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. | Context: Read the description of a trait.
Charlie has pale skin.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Charlie inherited this trait?
Options: (A) Charlie and his father both have dark hair. (B) Charlie's parents have pale skin. They passed down this trait to Charlie.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Read the description of a trait.
Charlie has pale skin.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Charlie inherited this trait?
Options: (A) Charlie and his father both have dark hair. (B) Charlie's parents have pale skin. They passed down this trait to Charlie.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which text uses the word random in its traditional sense? | [
"Martina made a random trip to the grocery store, though her kitchen was already stocked with a hodgepodge of food.",
"At the grocery store, Martina hastily grabbed fruits and vegetables at random, filling her shopping cart with a hodgepodge of food."
] | B | closed choice | grade12 | language science | writing-strategies | Word usage and nuance | Explore words with new or contested usages | Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.
When a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.
Britney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.
The traditional usage above is considered more standard.
David perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.
The nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. | The first text uses random in its traditional sense: made or occurring without a definite pattern.
At the grocery store, Martina hastily grabbed fruits and vegetables at random, filling her shopping cart with a hodgepodge of food.
The second text uses random in its nontraditional sense: odd or out of place.
Martina made a random trip to the grocery store, though her kitchen was already stocked with a hodgepodge of food.
Most style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word random because it is generally considered incorrect. | Context: N/A
Question: Which text uses the word random in its traditional sense?
Options: (A) Martina made a random trip to the grocery store, though her kitchen was already stocked with a hodgepodge of food. (B) At the grocery store, Martina hastily grabbed fruits and vegetables at random, filling her shopping cart with a hodgepodge of food.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which text uses the word random in its traditional sense?
Options: (A) Martina made a random trip to the grocery store, though her kitchen was already stocked with a hodgepodge of food. (B) At the grocery store, Martina hastily grabbed fruits and vegetables at random, filling her shopping cart with a hodgepodge of food.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | How long is a garden rake? | [
"6 yards",
"6 inches",
"6 miles",
"6 feet"
] | D | Select the best estimate. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose customary units of distance, mass, and volume | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
When you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.
There are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.
A football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long. | The best estimate for the length of a garden rake is 6 feet.
6 inches is too short. 6 yards and 6 miles are too long. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: How long is a garden rake?
Options: (A) 6 yards (B) 6 inches (C) 6 miles (D) 6 feet
| Answer: The answer is D. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: How long is a garden rake?
Options: (A) 6 yards (B) 6 inches (C) 6 miles (D) 6 feet
Answer: The answer is D. | |
null | Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Charlie can ride a motorcycle. | [
"acquired",
"inherited"
] | A | Hint: Riding a motorcycle well takes practice. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | biology | Traits and heredity | Identify inherited and acquired traits | Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. | People are not born knowing how to ride a motorcycle. Instead, many people learn how to ride. So, riding a motorcycle is an acquired trait. | Context: Hint: Riding a motorcycle well takes practice.
Question: Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Charlie can ride a motorcycle.
Options: (A) acquired (B) inherited
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Hint: Riding a motorcycle well takes practice.
Question: Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Charlie can ride a motorcycle.
Options: (A) acquired (B) inherited
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Would you find the word clutch on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
criticism - cultivate | [
"yes",
"no"
] | B | yes or no | grade7 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since clutch is not between the guide words criticism - cultivate, it would not be found on that page. | Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word clutch on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
criticism - cultivate
Options: (A) yes (B) no
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word clutch on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
criticism - cultivate
Options: (A) yes (B) no
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | How long does it take to bake lasagna in the oven? | [
"39 hours",
"39 minutes"
] | B | Select the better estimate. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose units of time | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Imagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?
The number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.
Time is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.
There are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.
There are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour. | The better estimate for how long it takes to bake lasagna in the oven is 39 minutes.
39 hours is too slow. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: How long does it take to bake lasagna in the oven?
Options: (A) 39 hours (B) 39 minutes
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: How long does it take to bake lasagna in the oven?
Options: (A) 39 hours (B) 39 minutes
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? | [
"I didn't like the ending of The Fault in Our Stars, but the book critic thought it was well-written.",
"The book critic thought The Fault in Our Stars was well-written, but I didn't like the ending."
] | A | closed choice | grade10 | language science | writing-strategies | Pronouns | Identify vague pronoun references | When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.
The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:
1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.
2. Rewrite the sentence:
Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.
A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.
They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.
The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.
The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. | The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the ending or The Fault in Our Stars.
I didn't like the ending of The Fault in Our Stars, but the book critic thought it was well-written.
The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.
The book critic thought The Fault in Our Stars was well-written, but I didn't like the ending. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) I didn't like the ending of The Fault in Our Stars, but the book critic thought it was well-written. (B) The book critic thought The Fault in Our Stars was well-written, but I didn't like the ending.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) I didn't like the ending of The Fault in Our Stars, but the book critic thought it was well-written. (B) The book critic thought The Fault in Our Stars was well-written, but I didn't like the ending.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
neglect - normal | [
"nice",
"nylon"
] | A | closed choice | grade7 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since nice is between the guide words neglect - normal, it would be found on that page. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
neglect - normal
Options: (A) nice (B) nylon
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
neglect - normal
Options: (A) nice (B) nylon
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Suppose Luna decides to get the cherries jubilee ice cream. Which result would be a cost? | [
"Luna will give up the chance to get a free waffle cone. She would have enjoyed the waffle cone.",
"Luna will get to eat the cherries jubilee ice cream. She likes this flavor more than vanilla bean."
] | A | Luna is deciding whether to get cherries jubilee ice cream or vanilla bean ice cream. She likes cherries jubilee more than vanilla bean. But a scoop of vanilla bean ice cream comes with a free waffle cone. | closed choice | grade4 | social science | economics | Basic economic principles | Costs and benefits | Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.
Costs are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.
Benefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. | This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Luna wants or needs:
Luna will give up the chance to get a free waffle cone. She would have enjoyed the waffle cone. | Context: Luna is deciding whether to get cherries jubilee ice cream or vanilla bean ice cream. She likes cherries jubilee more than vanilla bean. But a scoop of vanilla bean ice cream comes with a free waffle cone.
Question: Suppose Luna decides to get the cherries jubilee ice cream. Which result would be a cost?
Options: (A) Luna will give up the chance to get a free waffle cone. She would have enjoyed the waffle cone. (B) Luna will get to eat the cherries jubilee ice cream. She likes this flavor more than vanilla bean.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Luna is deciding whether to get cherries jubilee ice cream or vanilla bean ice cream. She likes cherries jubilee more than vanilla bean. But a scoop of vanilla bean ice cream comes with a free waffle cone.
Question: Suppose Luna decides to get the cherries jubilee ice cream. Which result would be a cost?
Options: (A) Luna will give up the chance to get a free waffle cone. She would have enjoyed the waffle cone. (B) Luna will get to eat the cherries jubilee ice cream. She likes this flavor more than vanilla bean.
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Which figure of speech is used in this text?
Russell's '64 Impala groaned as he turned the ignition. Yet again he resolved to refurbish it over the summer. | [
"personification",
"simile"
] | A | closed choice | grade7 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Classify figures of speech | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
Alliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.
What a lucky little lady you are!
An allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
An idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.
The assignment was a piece of cake.
A simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.
The cat's fur was as dark as the night.
A metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.
The snow formed a blanket over the town.
Onomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.
The scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.
Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.
The trees danced in the wind.
A pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.
A great new broom is sweeping the nation.
Verbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.
Olivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.
Each breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. | The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.
Russell's '64 Impala groaned describes the car as if it were human. | Context: N/A
Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
Russell's '64 Impala groaned as he turned the ignition. Yet again he resolved to refurbish it over the summer.
Options: (A) personification (B) simile
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
Russell's '64 Impala groaned as he turned the ignition. Yet again he resolved to refurbish it over the summer.
Options: (A) personification (B) simile
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Before Sophie had even met her future husband in person, she knew about his reputation as a Romeo. | [
"Roman mythology",
"literature"
] | B | closed choice | grade9 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Recall the source of an allusion | An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. | The source of the allusion Romeo is literature.
In William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is known for the eloquent declaration of love with which he woos Juliet.
The allusion Romeo means a man who is very romantic. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Before Sophie had even met her future husband in person, she knew about his reputation as a Romeo.
Options: (A) Roman mythology (B) literature
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Before Sophie had even met her future husband in person, she knew about his reputation as a Romeo.
Options: (A) Roman mythology (B) literature
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
Leah should either stop reading those sappy paranormal romance novels or finally admit that she doesn't believe in empowering women. | [
"bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct",
"slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences",
"false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist"
] | C | closed choice | grade9 | language science | writing-strategies | Developing and supporting arguments | Classify logical fallacies | A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.
A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:
Fallacy | Description
ad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself
appeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice
bandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice
circular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself
guilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something
A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:
Fallacy | Description
false causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other
false dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist
hasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations
slippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences
straw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against
| The text argues that Leah either must give up reading a certain type of book or admit she doesn't believe in female empowerment. However, someone can both enjoy reading paranormal romance books and also believe in empowering women. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy. | Context: N/A
Question: Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
Leah should either stop reading those sappy paranormal romance novels or finally admit that she doesn't believe in empowering women.
Options: (A) bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct (B) slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences (C) false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist
| Answer: The answer is C. | Context: N/A
Question: Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
Leah should either stop reading those sappy paranormal romance novels or finally admit that she doesn't believe in empowering women.
Options: (A) bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct (B) slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences (C) false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist
Answer: The answer is C. | ||
null | Which correctly shows the title of a movie? | [
"***Return of the Jedi***",
"\"Return of the Jedi\""
] | A | closed choice | grade6 | language science | punctuation | Formatting | Formatting titles | The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.
A Midsummer Night's Dream
The title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.
"You Are My Sunshine" | A movie should be in italics.
The correct title is **Return of the Jedi**. | Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of a movie?
Options: (A) ***Return of the Jedi*** (B) "Return of the Jedi"
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of a movie?
Options: (A) ***Return of the Jedi*** (B) "Return of the Jedi"
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Jerry dropped out of college to travel the world, but a year later, the prodigal son returned home and re-enrolled. | [
"British history",
"the Bible"
] | B | closed choice | grade8 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Recall the source of an allusion | An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. | The source of the allusion prodigal son is the Bible.
In a Biblical parable, the prodigal son irresponsibly spends the inheritance given to him by his father. When he returns home, he expects to be shamed, but his father forgives him.
The allusion prodigal son means a person who behaves recklessly but later makes a repentant return. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Jerry dropped out of college to travel the world, but a year later, the prodigal son returned home and re-enrolled.
Options: (A) British history (B) the Bible
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Jerry dropped out of college to travel the world, but a year later, the prodigal son returned home and re-enrolled.
Options: (A) British history (B) the Bible
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Suppose Mary decides to make split pea soup. Which result would be a cost? | [
"Mary will give up the chance to eat the minestrone soup, which would have been tastier than the split pea soup.",
"Mary will save some time. The minestrone soup would have taken longer to make than the split pea soup."
] | A | Mary is deciding whether to make minestrone soup or split pea soup for dinner. She wants dinner to be as tasty as possible. But she is also hungry and wants to eat soon. | closed choice | grade4 | social science | economics | Basic economic principles | Costs and benefits | Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.
Costs are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.
Benefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. | This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Mary wants or needs:
Mary will give up the chance to eat the minestrone soup, which would have been tastier than the split pea soup. | Context: Mary is deciding whether to make minestrone soup or split pea soup for dinner. She wants dinner to be as tasty as possible. But she is also hungry and wants to eat soon.
Question: Suppose Mary decides to make split pea soup. Which result would be a cost?
Options: (A) Mary will give up the chance to eat the minestrone soup, which would have been tastier than the split pea soup. (B) Mary will save some time. The minestrone soup would have taken longer to make than the split pea soup.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Mary is deciding whether to make minestrone soup or split pea soup for dinner. She wants dinner to be as tasty as possible. But she is also hungry and wants to eat soon.
Question: Suppose Mary decides to make split pea soup. Which result would be a cost?
Options: (A) Mary will give up the chance to eat the minestrone soup, which would have been tastier than the split pea soup. (B) Mary will save some time. The minestrone soup would have taken longer to make than the split pea soup.
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | What do these two changes have in common?
carving a piece of wood
water boiling on a stove | [
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are caused by heating."
] | B | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | chemistry | Physical and chemical change | Compare physical and chemical changes | Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.
In a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.
Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.
In a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.
A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.
The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. | Step 1: Think about each change.
Carving a piece of wood is a physical change. The wood changes shape, but it is still made of the same type of matter.
Water boiling on the stove is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.
Step 2: Look at each answer choice.
Both are only physical changes.
Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.
Both are chemical changes.
Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.
Both are caused by heating.
Water boiling is caused by heating. But carving a piece of wood is not.
Both are caused by cooling.
Neither change is caused by cooling. | Context: N/A
Question: What do these two changes have in common?
carving a piece of wood
water boiling on a stove
Options: (A) Both are chemical changes. (B) Both are only physical changes. (C) Both are caused by cooling. (D) Both are caused by heating.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: What do these two changes have in common?
carving a piece of wood
water boiling on a stove
Options: (A) Both are chemical changes. (B) Both are only physical changes. (C) Both are caused by cooling. (D) Both are caused by heating.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
"Someone had better turn on the heat," Lexi said, sweat glistening on her face. | [
"The temperature was too warm.",
"The temperature was too cool."
] | A | closed choice | grade6 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Interpret figures of speech | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
Verbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.
Olivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.
Each breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. | The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.
Someone had better turn on the heat ironically suggests that the temperature was too warm. Lexi did not think that more heat was needed; she was already sweating. | Context: N/A
Question: What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
"Someone had better turn on the heat," Lexi said, sweat glistening on her face.
Options: (A) The temperature was too warm. (B) The temperature was too cool.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
"Someone had better turn on the heat," Lexi said, sweat glistening on her face.
Options: (A) The temperature was too warm. (B) The temperature was too cool.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which figure of speech is used in this text?
When Alana first joined the track team, she was afraid of jumping, but she got over that hurdle. | [
"verbal irony",
"pun"
] | B | closed choice | grade6 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Classify figures of speech | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
Alliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.
What a lucky little lady you are!
An allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
An idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.
The assignment was a piece of cake.
A simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.
The cat's fur was as dark as the night.
A metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.
The snow formed a blanket over the town.
Onomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.
The scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.
Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.
The trees danced in the wind.
A pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.
A great new broom is sweeping the nation.
Verbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.
Olivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.
Each breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. | The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.
Hurdle refers to an obstacle that one must overcome. It also refers to an object that a runner jumps over. | Context: N/A
Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
When Alana first joined the track team, she was afraid of jumping, but she got over that hurdle.
Options: (A) verbal irony (B) pun
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
When Alana first joined the track team, she was afraid of jumping, but she got over that hurdle.
Options: (A) verbal irony (B) pun
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Based on this information, what is Kenneth's genotype for the Thomsen disease gene? | [
"not having Thomsen disease",
"mm"
] | B | This passage describes the Thomsen disease trait in humans:
In a group of humans, some individuals have Thomsen disease and others do not. In this group, the gene for the Thomsen disease trait has two alleles. The allele M is for having Thomsen disease, and the allele m is for not having Thomsen disease.
Kenneth, a human from this group, does not have Thomsen disease. Kenneth has two alleles for not having Thomsen disease. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. | An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Kenneth has two alleles for not having Thomsen disease (m). So, Kenneth's genotype for the Thomsen disease gene is mm. | Context: This passage describes the Thomsen disease trait in humans:
In a group of humans, some individuals have Thomsen disease and others do not. In this group, the gene for the Thomsen disease trait has two alleles. The allele M is for having Thomsen disease, and the allele m is for not having Thomsen disease.
Kenneth, a human from this group, does not have Thomsen disease. Kenneth has two alleles for not having Thomsen disease.
Question: Based on this information, what is Kenneth's genotype for the Thomsen disease gene?
Options: (A) not having Thomsen disease (B) mm
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: This passage describes the Thomsen disease trait in humans:
In a group of humans, some individuals have Thomsen disease and others do not. In this group, the gene for the Thomsen disease trait has two alleles. The allele M is for having Thomsen disease, and the allele m is for not having Thomsen disease.
Kenneth, a human from this group, does not have Thomsen disease. Kenneth has two alleles for not having Thomsen disease.
Question: Based on this information, what is Kenneth's genotype for the Thomsen disease gene?
Options: (A) not having Thomsen disease (B) mm
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | Which is a compound sentence? | [
"The barber and his brother opened their shop in Harlem more than thirty years ago.",
"Elena and her brother rummaged through the boxes in the attic, but they couldn't find their father's childhood baseball glove."
] | B | closed choice | grade6 | language science | grammar | Sentences, fragments, and run-ons | Is the sentence simple, compound, or complex? | A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.
An independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.
the oranges on our tree are ripe
The clause can stand alone. It is independent.
after we pick up Kevin from work
The clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.
A simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.
Ben and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.
Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.
In the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.
Ben usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.
A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.
We saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.
A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.
If she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. | The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction but.
Elena and her brother rummaged through the boxes in the attic, but they couldn't find their father's childhood baseball glove. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is a compound sentence?
Options: (A) The barber and his brother opened their shop in Harlem more than thirty years ago. (B) Elena and her brother rummaged through the boxes in the attic, but they couldn't find their father's childhood baseball glove.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is a compound sentence?
Options: (A) The barber and his brother opened their shop in Harlem more than thirty years ago. (B) Elena and her brother rummaged through the boxes in the attic, but they couldn't find their father's childhood baseball glove.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Would you find the word amazed on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
aboard - arrive | [
"no",
"yes"
] | B | yes or no | grade6 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since amazed is between the guide words aboard - arrive, it would be found on that page. | Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word amazed on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
aboard - arrive
Options: (A) no (B) yes
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word amazed on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
aboard - arrive
Options: (A) no (B) yes
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Select the animal. | [
"Raspberry bushes have green leaves.",
"Hippopotamuses eat plants."
] | B | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | biology | Classification | Identify plants and animals | Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.
Plants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.
Animals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food. | A hippopotamus is an animal. It eats plants.
Hippopotamuses keep cool by lying in mud or water.
A raspberry bush is a plant. It has green leaves.
Most raspberries are red. But raspberries can also be purple or yellow. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the animal.
Options: (A) Raspberry bushes have green leaves. (B) Hippopotamuses eat plants.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the animal.
Options: (A) Raspberry bushes have green leaves. (B) Hippopotamuses eat plants.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which is a run-on sentence? | [
"Dalton picked apples, he will give some away.",
"The explorers nervously entered the dark cave."
] | A | closed choice | grade3 | language science | writing-strategies | Sentences, fragments, and run-ons | Is it a complete sentence or a run-on? | A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.
My friends walk along the path.
A run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.
I knocked on the door it opened.
It started raining, we ran inside.
To fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.
I knocked on the door. It opened.
It started raining. We ran inside.
You can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.
I knocked on the door, and it opened.
It started raining, so we ran inside. | Dalton picked apples, he will give some away is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: Dalton picked apples and He will give some away. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is a run-on sentence?
Options: (A) Dalton picked apples, he will give some away. (B) The explorers nervously entered the dark cave.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is a run-on sentence?
Options: (A) Dalton picked apples, he will give some away. (B) The explorers nervously entered the dark cave.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | What is the mass of a pair of boots? | [
"2 grams",
"2 kilograms"
] | B | Select the better estimate. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose metric units of mass | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Mass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.
There are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.
There are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.
A paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram. | The better estimate for the mass of a pair of boots is 2 kilograms.
2 grams is too light. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: What is the mass of a pair of boots?
Options: (A) 2 grams (B) 2 kilograms
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: What is the mass of a pair of boots?
Options: (A) 2 grams (B) 2 kilograms
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | Complete the statement. Assume that the sled's mass did not change.
The gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth () as Edna rode down the hill. | [
"decreased",
"stayed the same",
"increased"
] | A | Read the text about an object in motion.
On a snowy day, Edna rode her sled down a big hill. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | physics | Kinetic and potential energy | Identify changes in gravitational potential energy | Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.
The amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.
If the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.
When an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...
increases | increases
decreases | decreases
stays the same | stays the same | Think about how the distance between the sled and the center of Earth changed.
The bottom of the hill was lower than the point where Edna started sledding. As Edna rode toward the bottom of the hill, the distance between the sled and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth decreased as Edna rode down the hill. | Context: Read the text about an object in motion.
On a snowy day, Edna rode her sled down a big hill.
Question: Complete the statement. Assume that the sled's mass did not change.
The gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth () as Edna rode down the hill.
Options: (A) decreased (B) stayed the same (C) increased
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Read the text about an object in motion.
On a snowy day, Edna rode her sled down a big hill.
Question: Complete the statement. Assume that the sled's mass did not change.
The gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth () as Edna rode down the hill.
Options: (A) decreased (B) stayed the same (C) increased
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | What does the metaphor in this text suggest?
When Devin lost his job, he was devastated. The only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career. | [
"There was a benefit to Devin's job loss.",
"Having to pursue a new career was the worst part of Devin's job loss."
] | A | closed choice | grade6 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Interpret figures of speech | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
A metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.
The snow formed a blanket over the town. | The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.
The metaphor the only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career suggests that there was a benefit to Devin's job loss. A light would be beneficial in helping someone escape a dark, difficult-to-navigate situation. Similarly, Devin's new career was beneficial in helping him escape the emotionally difficult experience of losing his job. | Context: N/A
Question: What does the metaphor in this text suggest?
When Devin lost his job, he was devastated. The only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career.
Options: (A) There was a benefit to Devin's job loss. (B) Having to pursue a new career was the worst part of Devin's job loss.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: What does the metaphor in this text suggest?
When Devin lost his job, he was devastated. The only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career.
Options: (A) There was a benefit to Devin's job loss. (B) Having to pursue a new career was the worst part of Devin's job loss.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Look at the word. Does it have a closed syllable or an open syllable?
help | [
"closed",
"open"
] | A | closed choice | grade2 | language science | word-study | Short and long vowels | Is the syllable open or closed? | Words are made up of syllables. Two kinds of syllables are closed and open.
A closed syllable has one vowel and ends with a consonant. It usually has a short vowel sound.
desk: short e
kit / ten: short i / short e
An open syllable ends with one vowel. It usually has a long vowel sound.
go: long o
he / ro: long e / long o
Some open syllables end with y. The y makes a long e sound or a long i sound.
sky: long i
ba / by: long a / long e | The word help ends with a consonant and has a short vowel sound. So, it has a closed syllable. | Context: N/A
Question: Look at the word. Does it have a closed syllable or an open syllable?
help
Options: (A) closed (B) open
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Look at the word. Does it have a closed syllable or an open syllable?
help
Options: (A) closed (B) open
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | How long is a soccer field? | [
"120 meters",
"120 kilometers"
] | A | Select the better estimate. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose metric units of distance | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Imagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?
The number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.
Now look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.
There are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.
There are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer. | The better estimate for the length of a soccer field is 120 meters.
120 kilometers is too long. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: How long is a soccer field?
Options: (A) 120 meters (B) 120 kilometers
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: How long is a soccer field?
Options: (A) 120 meters (B) 120 kilometers
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | What does the simile in this text suggest?
My momma always said life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you're gonna get.
—Forrest Gump | [
"Life is luxurious.",
"Life is unpredictable."
] | B | closed choice | grade10 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Interpret figures of speech | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
A simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.
The cat's fur was as dark as the night. | The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.
The simile life was like a box of chocolates suggests that life is unpredictable. You don't know what type of filling is inside a chocolate until you try it, just as you don't know what life holds for you until it happens. | Context: N/A
Question: What does the simile in this text suggest?
My momma always said life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you're gonna get.
—Forrest Gump
Options: (A) Life is luxurious. (B) Life is unpredictable.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: What does the simile in this text suggest?
My momma always said life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you're gonna get.
—Forrest Gump
Options: (A) Life is luxurious. (B) Life is unpredictable.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Pedro lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters. | [
"climate",
"weather"
] | A | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | earth-science | Weather and climate | What's the difference between weather and climate? | The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.
Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.
Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. | Read the text carefully.
Pedro lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters.
This passage tells you about the usual temperatures where Pedro lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. | Context: N/A
Question: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Pedro lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters.
Options: (A) climate (B) weather
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Pedro lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters.
Options: (A) climate (B) weather
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? | [
"The vinyl album broke just as Mr. Tang was about to play it on his old record player.",
"Just as Mr. Tang was about to play the vinyl album on his old record player, it broke."
] | B | closed choice | grade10 | language science | writing-strategies | Pronouns | Identify vague pronoun references | When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.
The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:
1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.
2. Rewrite the sentence:
Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.
A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.
They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.
The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.
The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. | The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the vinyl album or the record player.
Just as Mr. Tang was about to play the vinyl album on his old record player, it broke.
The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.
The vinyl album broke just as Mr. Tang was about to play it on his old record player. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) The vinyl album broke just as Mr. Tang was about to play it on his old record player. (B) Just as Mr. Tang was about to play the vinyl album on his old record player, it broke.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) The vinyl album broke just as Mr. Tang was about to play it on his old record player. (B) Just as Mr. Tang was about to play the vinyl album on his old record player, it broke.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which tense does the sentence use?
Uncle Danny will cook dinner for us. | [
"present tense",
"past tense",
"future tense"
] | C | closed choice | grade2 | language science | verbs | Verb tense | Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense? | Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.
Most present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.
Two verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.
Past tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.
Most past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.
Some verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.
Future tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.
All future-tense verbs use the word will.
Present | Past | Future
walk, walks | walked | will walk
go, goes | went | will go | The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, cook. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. | Context: N/A
Question: Which tense does the sentence use?
Uncle Danny will cook dinner for us.
Options: (A) present tense (B) past tense (C) future tense
| Answer: The answer is C. | Context: N/A
Question: Which tense does the sentence use?
Uncle Danny will cook dinner for us.
Options: (A) present tense (B) past tense (C) future tense
Answer: The answer is C. | ||
null | Select the liquid. | [
"peppermint candy",
"water in a glass",
"piece of paper",
"stuffed hippo"
] | B | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | physics | States of matter | Identify solids, liquids, and gases | Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.
When matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.
Some solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.
When matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.
Some liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.
When matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.
Many gases are invisible. Air is a gas. | A peppermint candy is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A peppermint candy can change shape in your mouth. But before you eat it, a peppermint candy has a size and shape of its own.
A piece of paper is a solid. You can fold a piece of paper. But it will still have a size and shape of its own.
The water in a glass is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour water from a glass into a different container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space.
A stuffed hippo is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When you hold a stuffed hippo in your hands, the stuffed hippo still has a size and shape of its own. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the liquid.
Options: (A) peppermint candy (B) water in a glass (C) piece of paper (D) stuffed hippo
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the liquid.
Options: (A) peppermint candy (B) water in a glass (C) piece of paper (D) stuffed hippo
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | What does the euphemism in this text suggest?
Ed is big-boned, so despite being in middle school, he often shops in the men's department. | [
"Ed is tall for his age.",
"Ed is overweight."
] | B | closed choice | grade9 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Interpret figures of speech | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
A euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.
The head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off. | The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.
The euphemism big-boned suggests that Ed is overweight. | Context: N/A
Question: What does the euphemism in this text suggest?
Ed is big-boned, so despite being in middle school, he often shops in the men's department.
Options: (A) Ed is tall for his age. (B) Ed is overweight.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: What does the euphemism in this text suggest?
Ed is big-boned, so despite being in middle school, he often shops in the men's department.
Options: (A) Ed is tall for his age. (B) Ed is overweight.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which closing is correct for a letter? | [
"Thanks,\nRebecca",
"thanks,\nRebecca"
] | A | closed choice | grade4 | language science | punctuation | Formatting | Greetings and closings of letters | A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.
Dear Aunt Sue,
I'm glad you could come to my party, and
thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have
asked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think
of you.
With love,
Rory | The first closing is correct:
Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. | Context: N/A
Question: Which closing is correct for a letter?
Options: (A) Thanks,
Rebecca (B) thanks,
Rebecca
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which closing is correct for a letter?
Options: (A) Thanks,
Rebecca (B) thanks,
Rebecca
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
How can I be expected to do my homework when billions of people around the world are throwing their plastic water bottles away without recycling them? | [
"circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself",
"red herring: the use of a completely unrelated topic or idea"
] | B | closed choice | grade8 | language science | writing-strategies | Developing and supporting arguments | Classify logical fallacies | A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.
A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:
Fallacy | Description
ad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent
appeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice
bandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice
circular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself
guilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something
red herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim
A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:
Fallacy | Description
false causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other
false dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist
hasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence
straw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against
| The text argues that people not recycling somehow prevents the speaker from doing homework. However, these two ideas aren't related. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a red herring. | Context: N/A
Question: Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
How can I be expected to do my homework when billions of people around the world are throwing their plastic water bottles away without recycling them?
Options: (A) circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself (B) red herring: the use of a completely unrelated topic or idea
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
How can I be expected to do my homework when billions of people around the world are throwing their plastic water bottles away without recycling them?
Options: (A) circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself (B) red herring: the use of a completely unrelated topic or idea
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Martina was known among her coworkers for her spartan ways. | [
"Greek history",
"the Bible"
] | A | closed choice | grade10 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Recall the source of an allusion | An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. | The source of the allusion spartan is Greek history.
Soldiers from the city of Sparta in ancient Greece were known for their self-restraint, self-discipline, and indifference to luxury.
The allusion spartan means simple and austere. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Martina was known among her coworkers for her spartan ways.
Options: (A) Greek history (B) the Bible
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Martina was known among her coworkers for her spartan ways.
Options: (A) Greek history (B) the Bible
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Layla has a scar on her left elbow. | [
"acquired",
"inherited"
] | A | Hint: Most scars are caused by accidents during a person's life. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | biology | Heredity | Identify inherited and acquired traits | Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. | Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait. | Context: Hint: Most scars are caused by accidents during a person's life.
Question: Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Layla has a scar on her left elbow.
Options: (A) acquired (B) inherited
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Hint: Most scars are caused by accidents during a person's life.
Question: Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Layla has a scar on her left elbow.
Options: (A) acquired (B) inherited
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Compare the motion of three ships. Which ship was moving at the lowest speed? | [
"a ship that moved 290miles east in 10hours",
"a ship that moved 310miles south in 10hours",
"a ship that moved 280miles east in 10hours"
] | C | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | physics | Force and motion | Compare the speeds of moving objects | An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.
Distance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.
Time tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.
Think about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed. | Look at the distance each ship moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each ship moved does not affect its speed.
Notice that each ship moved for 10 hours. The ship that moved 280 miles moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that ship must have moved at the lowest speed. | Context: N/A
Question: Compare the motion of three ships. Which ship was moving at the lowest speed?
Options: (A) a ship that moved 290miles east in 10hours (B) a ship that moved 310miles south in 10hours (C) a ship that moved 280miles east in 10hours
| Answer: The answer is C. | Context: N/A
Question: Compare the motion of three ships. Which ship was moving at the lowest speed?
Options: (A) a ship that moved 290miles east in 10hours (B) a ship that moved 310miles south in 10hours (C) a ship that moved 280miles east in 10hours
Answer: The answer is C. | ||
null | Complete the sentence.
Sawing a log in half is a (). | [
"chemical change",
"physical change"
] | B | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | chemistry | Physical and chemical change | Identify physical and chemical changes | Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.
In a chemical change, the type of matter changes.
Burning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.
In a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.
Cutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.
Ice melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state. | Sawing a log in half is a physical change. The log splits into two pieces. But the pieces are still made of the same type of matter. | Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence.
Sawing a log in half is a ().
Options: (A) chemical change (B) physical change
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence.
Sawing a log in half is a ().
Options: (A) chemical change (B) physical change
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Select the vertebrate. | [
"bess beetle",
"forest scorpion",
"sea urchin",
"gray wolf"
] | D | Hint: Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are vertebrates. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | biology | Classification | Identify vertebrates and invertebrates | Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.
A vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.
An invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body. | A sea urchin is an echinoderm. Like other echinoderms, a sea urchin is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone.
A bess beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a bess beetle is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.
A gray wolf is a mammal. Like other mammals, a gray wolf is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.
Like other scorpions, a forest scorpion is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. | Context: Hint: Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are vertebrates.
Question: Select the vertebrate.
Options: (A) bess beetle (B) forest scorpion (C) sea urchin (D) gray wolf
| Answer: The answer is D. | Context: Hint: Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are vertebrates.
Question: Select the vertebrate.
Options: (A) bess beetle (B) forest scorpion (C) sea urchin (D) gray wolf
Answer: The answer is D. | |
null | Which greeting is correct for a letter? | [
"Dear Grandpa john,",
"Dear Grandpa John,"
] | B | closed choice | grade2 | language science | capitalization | Capitalization | Greetings and closings of letters | A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.
Dear Aunt Sue,
I'm glad you could come to my party, and
thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have
asked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think
of you.
With love,
Rory | The second greeting is correct:
Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Grandpa John is capitalized because it is a proper noun. | Context: N/A
Question: Which greeting is correct for a letter?
Options: (A) Dear Grandpa john, (B) Dear Grandpa John,
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which greeting is correct for a letter?
Options: (A) Dear Grandpa john, (B) Dear Grandpa John,
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which figure of speech is used in this text?
At twenty-one, Edwin felt overwhelmed with adult responsibilities and wished he could fly off to Neverland. | [
"allusion",
"simile"
] | A | closed choice | grade6 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Classify figures of speech | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
Alliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.
What a lucky little lady you are!
An allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
An idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.
The assignment was a piece of cake.
A simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.
The cat's fur was as dark as the night.
A metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.
The snow formed a blanket over the town.
Onomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.
The scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.
Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.
The trees danced in the wind.
A pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.
A great new broom is sweeping the nation.
Verbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.
Olivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.
Each breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. | The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.
Neverland alludes to the story of Peter Pan, a boy who lived in Neverland and never grew up. | Context: N/A
Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
At twenty-one, Edwin felt overwhelmed with adult responsibilities and wished he could fly off to Neverland.
Options: (A) allusion (B) simile
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
At twenty-one, Edwin felt overwhelmed with adult responsibilities and wished he could fly off to Neverland.
Options: (A) allusion (B) simile
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which figure of speech is used in this text?
Although Gary hasn't worked in years, his mother prefers to say that he's between jobs right now. | [
"oxymoron",
"euphemism"
] | B | closed choice | grade10 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Classify figures of speech: euphemism, hyperbole, oxymoron, paradox | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
A euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.
The head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.
Hyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.
I ate so much that I think I might explode!
An oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.
Some reviewers are calling this book a new classic.
A paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.
Always expect the unexpected. | The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.
Between jobs is an indirect way of saying unemployed. | Context: N/A
Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
Although Gary hasn't worked in years, his mother prefers to say that he's between jobs right now.
Options: (A) oxymoron (B) euphemism
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
Although Gary hasn't worked in years, his mother prefers to say that he's between jobs right now.
Options: (A) oxymoron (B) euphemism
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | What is the volume of a large trash can? | [
"20 cups",
"20 fluid ounces",
"20 gallons"
] | C | Select the best estimate. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose customary units of volume | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Volume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.
There are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.
As the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.
A glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon. | The best estimate for the volume of a large trash can is 20 gallons.
20 fluid ounces and 20 cups are both too little. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: What is the volume of a large trash can?
Options: (A) 20 cups (B) 20 fluid ounces (C) 20 gallons
| Answer: The answer is C. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: What is the volume of a large trash can?
Options: (A) 20 cups (B) 20 fluid ounces (C) 20 gallons
Answer: The answer is C. | |
null | Which correctly shows the title of an article? | [
"\"Exercise Is the Key to Good Health\"",
"Exercise Is the Key to Good Health"
] | A | closed choice | grade6 | language science | punctuation | Formatting | Formatting titles | The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.
A Midsummer Night's Dream
The title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.
"You Are My Sunshine" | An article should be in quotation marks.
The correct title is "Exercise Is the Key to Good Health." | Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of an article?
Options: (A) "Exercise Is the Key to Good Health" (B) Exercise Is the Key to Good Health
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of an article?
Options: (A) "Exercise Is the Key to Good Health" (B) Exercise Is the Key to Good Health
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
teacher - total | [
"trolley",
"think"
] | B | closed choice | grade4 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since think is between the guide words teacher - total, it would be found on that page. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
teacher - total
Options: (A) trolley (B) think
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
teacher - total
Options: (A) trolley (B) think
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Based on this information, what is Astro's phenotype for the coat color trait? | [
"a black coat",
"a reddish-brown coat"
] | A | In a group of horses, some individuals have a black coat and others have a reddish-brown coat. In this group, the gene for the coat color trait has two alleles. The allele for a reddish-brown coat (l) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (L).
Astro is a horse from this group. Astro has the heterozygous genotype Ll for the coat color gene. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.
Some traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.
An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.
An organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.
The types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.
A dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.
A recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. | You need to determine Astro's phenotype for the coat color trait. First, consider the alleles in Astro's genotype for the coat color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.
The allele for a reddish-brown coat (l) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (L). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.
Astro's genotype of Ll has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Astro's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a black coat. | Context: In a group of horses, some individuals have a black coat and others have a reddish-brown coat. In this group, the gene for the coat color trait has two alleles. The allele for a reddish-brown coat (l) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (L).
Astro is a horse from this group. Astro has the heterozygous genotype Ll for the coat color gene.
Question: Based on this information, what is Astro's phenotype for the coat color trait?
Options: (A) a black coat (B) a reddish-brown coat
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: In a group of horses, some individuals have a black coat and others have a reddish-brown coat. In this group, the gene for the coat color trait has two alleles. The allele for a reddish-brown coat (l) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (L).
Astro is a horse from this group. Astro has the heterozygous genotype Ll for the coat color gene.
Question: Based on this information, what is Astro's phenotype for the coat color trait?
Options: (A) a black coat (B) a reddish-brown coat
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Select the one substance that is not a mineral. | [
"Hornblende is a pure substance. It is formed in nature.",
"Pyrite is formed in nature. It is a pure substance.",
"A marble is made in a factory. It is a solid."
] | C | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | earth-science | Rocks and minerals | Identify minerals using properties | Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.
Minerals and rocks have the following properties:
Property | Mineral | Rock
It is a solid. | Yes | Yes
It is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes
It is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes
It is a pure substance. | Yes | No
It has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No
You can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.
Look closely at the last three properties:
Minerals and rocks are not made by organisms.
Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.
Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.
A mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.
A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.
A mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.
The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.
However, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! | Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.
Hornblende is a mineral.
A marble is made in a factory. But all minerals are formed in nature.
So, a marble is not a mineral.
Pyrite is a mineral. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the one substance that is not a mineral.
Options: (A) Hornblende is a pure substance. It is formed in nature. (B) Pyrite is formed in nature. It is a pure substance. (C) A marble is made in a factory. It is a solid.
| Answer: The answer is C. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the one substance that is not a mineral.
Options: (A) Hornblende is a pure substance. It is formed in nature. (B) Pyrite is formed in nature. It is a pure substance. (C) A marble is made in a factory. It is a solid.
Answer: The answer is C. | ||
null | Select the description that doesn't belong. | [
"clever",
"foolish",
"wise",
"scared"
] | D | closed choice | grade3 | language science | vocabulary | Categories | Select the words that don't belong | Scared doesn't belong.
Clever, foolish, and wise all describe how smart someone is. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the description that doesn't belong.
Options: (A) clever (B) foolish (C) wise (D) scared
| Answer: The answer is D. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the description that doesn't belong.
Options: (A) clever (B) foolish (C) wise (D) scared
Answer: The answer is D. | |||
null | Which is harder? | [
"wood board",
"wool sweater"
] | A | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | physics | Materials | Compare properties of materials | Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.
A material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.
For example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it. | Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger.
Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture.
Of the choices, the wood board is harder. If you press on a piece of wood, it will not change shape. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is harder?
Options: (A) wood board (B) wool sweater
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is harder?
Options: (A) wood board (B) wool sweater
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which correctly shows the title of a movie? | [
"marley and Me",
"Marley and Me"
] | B | closed choice | grade3 | language science | capitalization | Formatting | Capitalizing titles | In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.
The Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach
These words are not important in titles:
Articles, a, an, the
Short prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up
Coordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or | Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word and is not important, so it should not be capitalized.
The correct title is Marley and Me. | Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of a movie?
Options: (A) marley and Me (B) Marley and Me
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of a movie?
Options: (A) marley and Me (B) Marley and Me
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | How long is an eyelash? | [
"7 meters",
"7 centimeters",
"7 kilometers",
"7 millimeters"
] | D | Select the best estimate. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose metric units of distance, mass, and volume | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
When you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.
The tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.
A red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. | The best estimate for the length of an eyelash is 7 millimeters.
7 centimeters, 7 meters, and 7 kilometers are all too long. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: How long is an eyelash?
Options: (A) 7 meters (B) 7 centimeters (C) 7 kilometers (D) 7 millimeters
| Answer: The answer is D. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: How long is an eyelash?
Options: (A) 7 meters (B) 7 centimeters (C) 7 kilometers (D) 7 millimeters
Answer: The answer is D. | |
null | What is the mass of an earthworm? | [
"5 kilograms",
"5 grams"
] | B | Select the better estimate. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose metric units of mass | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Mass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.
There are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.
There are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.
A paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram. | The better estimate for the mass of an earthworm is 5 grams.
5 kilograms is too heavy. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: What is the mass of an earthworm?
Options: (A) 5 kilograms (B) 5 grams
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: What is the mass of an earthworm?
Options: (A) 5 kilograms (B) 5 grams
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Abby thinks Mr. Larson is a Luddite because he doesn't own a cell phone. | [
"Roman history",
"British history"
] | B | closed choice | grade9 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Recall the source of an allusion | An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. | The source of the allusion Luddite is British history.
In the early nineteenth century, factories were replacing the jobs of craftsmen. Some of these craftsmen banded together to destroy the new machinery; those who did so were called Luddites.
The allusion Luddite means a person opposed to new technology. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Abby thinks Mr. Larson is a Luddite because he doesn't own a cell phone.
Options: (A) Roman history (B) British history
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Abby thinks Mr. Larson is a Luddite because he doesn't own a cell phone.
Options: (A) Roman history (B) British history
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which correctly shows the title of a book? | [
"an Eye for an Eye",
"An Eye for an Eye"
] | B | closed choice | grade4 | language science | capitalization | Formatting | Capitalizing titles | In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.
The Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach
These words are not important in titles:
Articles, a, an, the
Short prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up
Coordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or | Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words for and an are not important, so they should not be capitalized.
The correct title is An Eye for an Eye. | Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of a book?
Options: (A) an Eye for an Eye (B) An Eye for an Eye
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of a book?
Options: (A) an Eye for an Eye (B) An Eye for an Eye
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | What information supports the conclusion that Nicole inherited this trait? | [
"Nicole and her mother both have short hair.",
"Nicole's parents were born with wavy hair. They passed down this trait to Nicole."
] | B | Read the description of a trait.
Nicole has wavy hair. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement | Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. | Context: Read the description of a trait.
Nicole has wavy hair.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Nicole inherited this trait?
Options: (A) Nicole and her mother both have short hair. (B) Nicole's parents were born with wavy hair. They passed down this trait to Nicole.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Read the description of a trait.
Nicole has wavy hair.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Nicole inherited this trait?
Options: (A) Nicole and her mother both have short hair. (B) Nicole's parents were born with wavy hair. They passed down this trait to Nicole.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which figure of speech is used in this text?
In this work are exhibited in a very high degree the two most engaging powers of an author. New things are made familiar, and familiar things are made new.
—Samuel Johnson, Lives of the English Poets | [
"chiasmus",
"apostrophe"
] | A | closed choice | grade12 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Classify the figure of speech: review | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
Anaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.
We are united. We are powerful. We are winners.
Antithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.
I want to help, not to hurt.
Apostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.
Oh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?
Assonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.
Try to light the fire.
Chiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.
Never let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.
A euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.
The head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.
Hyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.
I ate so much that I think I might explode!
An oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.
Some reviewers are calling this book a new classic.
A paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.
Always expect the unexpected.
Understatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.
As you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. | The text uses chiasmus, an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.
The second time they appear, the words new and familiar are in reverse order. | Context: N/A
Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
In this work are exhibited in a very high degree the two most engaging powers of an author. New things are made familiar, and familiar things are made new.
—Samuel Johnson, Lives of the English Poets
Options: (A) chiasmus (B) apostrophe
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
In this work are exhibited in a very high degree the two most engaging powers of an author. New things are made familiar, and familiar things are made new.
—Samuel Johnson, Lives of the English Poets
Options: (A) chiasmus (B) apostrophe
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which is smoother? | [
"glass cup",
"concrete sidewalk"
] | A | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | physics | Materials | Compare properties of materials | Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.
A material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. | Smooth is a property. A smooth material is not rough or bumpy.
Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.
Of the choices, the glass cup is smoother. If you touch the surface of a glass cup, it will not feel rough or bumpy. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is smoother?
Options: (A) glass cup (B) concrete sidewalk
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is smoother?
Options: (A) glass cup (B) concrete sidewalk
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Based on this information, what is Zora's genotype for the eye color gene? | [
"red eyes",
"EE"
] | B | In a group of koi fish, some individuals have red eyes and others have black eyes. In this group, the gene for the eye color trait has two alleles. The allele E is for red eyes, and the allele e is for black eyes.
Zora, a koi fish from this group, has red eyes. Zora has two alleles for red eyes. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. | An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Zora has two alleles for red eyes (E). So, Zora's genotype for the eye color gene is EE. | Context: In a group of koi fish, some individuals have red eyes and others have black eyes. In this group, the gene for the eye color trait has two alleles. The allele E is for red eyes, and the allele e is for black eyes.
Zora, a koi fish from this group, has red eyes. Zora has two alleles for red eyes.
Question: Based on this information, what is Zora's genotype for the eye color gene?
Options: (A) red eyes (B) EE
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: In a group of koi fish, some individuals have red eyes and others have black eyes. In this group, the gene for the eye color trait has two alleles. The allele E is for red eyes, and the allele e is for black eyes.
Zora, a koi fish from this group, has red eyes. Zora has two alleles for red eyes.
Question: Based on this information, what is Zora's genotype for the eye color gene?
Options: (A) red eyes (B) EE
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | Two rocks have the same temperature but different masses. Which rock has less thermal energy? | [
"the rock with more mass",
"the rock with less mass"
] | B | The objects are made of the same type of matter. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | physics | Thermal energy | How are temperature and mass related to thermal energy? | Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.
The energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.
Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.
What happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70°F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70°F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy. | The two rocks have the same temperature and are made of the same type of matter. So, the rock with less mass has less thermal energy. | Context: The objects are made of the same type of matter.
Question: Two rocks have the same temperature but different masses. Which rock has less thermal energy?
Options: (A) the rock with more mass (B) the rock with less mass
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: The objects are made of the same type of matter.
Question: Two rocks have the same temperature but different masses. Which rock has less thermal energy?
Options: (A) the rock with more mass (B) the rock with less mass
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? | [
"The authors say that Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen accidentally discovered X-rays when experimenting with vacuum tubes.",
"They say that Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen accidentally discovered X-rays when experimenting with vacuum tubes."
] | B | closed choice | grade7 | language science | writing-strategies | Pronouns and antecedents | Identify vague pronoun references | When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.
The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:
1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.
2. Rewrite the sentence:
Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.
A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.
They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.
The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.
The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. | The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.
The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with the authors.
The authors say that Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen accidentally discovered X-rays when experimenting with vacuum tubes. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) The authors say that Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen accidentally discovered X-rays when experimenting with vacuum tubes. (B) They say that Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen accidentally discovered X-rays when experimenting with vacuum tubes.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) The authors say that Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen accidentally discovered X-rays when experimenting with vacuum tubes. (B) They say that Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen accidentally discovered X-rays when experimenting with vacuum tubes.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Compare the motion of two motorboats. Which motorboat was moving at a higher speed? | [
"a motorboat that moved 355kilometers in 5hours",
"a motorboat that moved 65kilometers in 5hours"
] | A | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | physics | Force and motion | Compare the speeds of moving objects | An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.
Distance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.
Time tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.
Think about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed. | Look at the distance each motorboat moved and the time it took to move that distance.
One motorboat moved 355 kilometers in 5 hours.
The other motorboat moved 65 kilometers in 5 hours.
Notice that each motorboat spent the same amount of time moving. The motorboat that moved 355 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that motorboat must have moved at a higher speed. | Context: N/A
Question: Compare the motion of two motorboats. Which motorboat was moving at a higher speed?
Options: (A) a motorboat that moved 355kilometers in 5hours (B) a motorboat that moved 65kilometers in 5hours
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Compare the motion of two motorboats. Which motorboat was moving at a higher speed?
Options: (A) a motorboat that moved 355kilometers in 5hours (B) a motorboat that moved 65kilometers in 5hours
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Elizabeth is good at knitting sweaters. | [
"acquired",
"inherited"
] | A | Hint: People who can knit had to learn how to do it. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | biology | Heredity | Identify inherited and acquired traits | Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. | People are not born knowing how to knit. Instead, many people learn how to knit. Knitting well takes practice. So, knitting well is an acquired trait. | Context: Hint: People who can knit had to learn how to do it.
Question: Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Elizabeth is good at knitting sweaters.
Options: (A) acquired (B) inherited
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Hint: People who can knit had to learn how to do it.
Question: Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Elizabeth is good at knitting sweaters.
Options: (A) acquired (B) inherited
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Would you find the word long on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
level - lion | [
"yes",
"no"
] | B | yes or no | grade2 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since long is not between the guide words level - lion, it would not be found on that page. | Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word long on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
level - lion
Options: (A) yes (B) no
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word long on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
level - lion
Options: (A) yes (B) no
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which sentence states a fact? | [
"Riding the subway is the best way to get around New York City.",
"New York City's first subway started running on October 27, 1904."
] | B | closed choice | grade5 | social science | civics | Social studies skills | Identify facts and opinions | A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.
The flag of the United States has 13 stripes.
This is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.
An opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.
The flag of the United States is easy to draw.
This is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag "easy" to draw. | The first sentence states a fact.
New York City's first subway started running on October 27, 1904.
It can be proved by reading a book about the history of New York City.
The second sentence states an opinion.
Riding the subway is the best way to get around New York City.
Best shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about which way is the best. | Context: N/A
Question: Which sentence states a fact?
Options: (A) Riding the subway is the best way to get around New York City. (B) New York City's first subway started running on October 27, 1904.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which sentence states a fact?
Options: (A) Riding the subway is the best way to get around New York City. (B) New York City's first subway started running on October 27, 1904.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Read the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her grammar and mechanics?
In Great Expectations by Charles Dickens, Pip, a young orphan, is sent by his sister to the home of Miss Havisham, a wealthy, eccentric woman. There he meets Estella, a beautiful girl whom he falls hopelessly in love with. On one visit to Miss Havisham's, Pip encounters a boy who challenges him to a fight; wanting to impress Estella, he hits the boy. "I never have been so surprised in my life as I was when I let out the first blow and saw him lying on his back, looking up at me with a bloody nose", Pip recounts. Estella seems delighted and says to Pip "Come here! You may kiss me if you like". | [
"by fixing run-on sentences",
"by punctuating quotations correctly",
"by using semicolons correctly"
] | B | closed choice | grade11 | language science | writing-strategies | Editing and revising | Suggest appropriate revisions | During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:
Ideas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?
Organization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?
Voice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?
Sentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?
Word choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?
Grammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read? | The writer could best improve his or her grammar and mechanics by punctuating quotations correctly.
For example, the writer could revise the underlined text by placing periods and commas inside the quotation marks and by using a comma before the second quotation.
In Great Expectations by Charles Dickens, Pip, a young orphan, is sent by his sister to the home of Miss Havisham, a wealthy, eccentric woman. There he meets Estella, a beautiful girl whom he falls hopelessly in love with. On one visit to Miss Havisham's, Pip encounters a boy who challenges him to a fight; wanting to impress Estella, he hits the boy. "I never have been so surprised in my life as I was when I let out the first blow and saw him lying on his back, looking up at me with a bloody nose", Pip recounts. Estella seems delighted and says to Pip "Come here! You may kiss me if you like". | Context: N/A
Question: Read the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her grammar and mechanics?
In Great Expectations by Charles Dickens, Pip, a young orphan, is sent by his sister to the home of Miss Havisham, a wealthy, eccentric woman. There he meets Estella, a beautiful girl whom he falls hopelessly in love with. On one visit to Miss Havisham's, Pip encounters a boy who challenges him to a fight; wanting to impress Estella, he hits the boy. "I never have been so surprised in my life as I was when I let out the first blow and saw him lying on his back, looking up at me with a bloody nose", Pip recounts. Estella seems delighted and says to Pip "Come here! You may kiss me if you like".
Options: (A) by fixing run-on sentences (B) by punctuating quotations correctly (C) by using semicolons correctly
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Read the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her grammar and mechanics?
In Great Expectations by Charles Dickens, Pip, a young orphan, is sent by his sister to the home of Miss Havisham, a wealthy, eccentric woman. There he meets Estella, a beautiful girl whom he falls hopelessly in love with. On one visit to Miss Havisham's, Pip encounters a boy who challenges him to a fight; wanting to impress Estella, he hits the boy. "I never have been so surprised in my life as I was when I let out the first blow and saw him lying on his back, looking up at me with a bloody nose", Pip recounts. Estella seems delighted and says to Pip "Come here! You may kiss me if you like".
Options: (A) by fixing run-on sentences (B) by punctuating quotations correctly (C) by using semicolons correctly
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | How long is a soccer field? | [
"95 kilometers",
"95 centimeters",
"95 meters"
] | C | Select the best estimate. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose metric units of distance | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
When you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.
The tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.
A red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. | The best estimate for the length of a soccer field is 95 meters.
95 centimeters is too short and 95 kilometers is too long. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: How long is a soccer field?
Options: (A) 95 kilometers (B) 95 centimeters (C) 95 meters
| Answer: The answer is C. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: How long is a soccer field?
Options: (A) 95 kilometers (B) 95 centimeters (C) 95 meters
Answer: The answer is C. | |
null | Complete the sentence.
A firework exploding is a (). | [
"chemical change",
"physical change"
] | A | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | chemistry | Physical and chemical change | Identify physical and chemical changes | Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.
In a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.
Burning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.
In a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.
Cutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.
A change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water. | A firework exploding is a chemical change. During the explosion, the type of matter in the firework changes. This change produces sound, heat, and light. | Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence.
A firework exploding is a ().
Options: (A) chemical change (B) physical change
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence.
A firework exploding is a ().
Options: (A) chemical change (B) physical change
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Compare the motion of two mountain bikers. Which mountain biker was moving at a higher speed? | [
"a mountain biker who moved 190kilometers in 10hours",
"a mountain biker who moved 255kilometers in 10hours"
] | B | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | physics | Force and motion | Compare the speeds of moving objects | An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.
Distance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.
Time tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.
Think about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed. | Look at the distance each mountain biker moved and the time it took to move that distance.
One mountain biker moved 255 kilometers in 10 hours.
The other mountain biker moved 190 kilometers in 10 hours.
Notice that each mountain biker spent the same amount of time moving. The mountain biker who moved 255 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that mountain biker must have moved at a higher speed. | Context: N/A
Question: Compare the motion of two mountain bikers. Which mountain biker was moving at a higher speed?
Options: (A) a mountain biker who moved 190kilometers in 10hours (B) a mountain biker who moved 255kilometers in 10hours
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Compare the motion of two mountain bikers. Which mountain biker was moving at a higher speed?
Options: (A) a mountain biker who moved 190kilometers in 10hours (B) a mountain biker who moved 255kilometers in 10hours
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | What does the idiom in this text suggest?
"Speak of the devil!" Tina declared when Larry strolled into the room. | [
"Tina had just been speaking about Larry.",
"Tina didn't trust Larry."
] | A | closed choice | grade8 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Interpret figures of speech | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
An idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.
The assignment was a piece of cake. | The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.
The idiom speak of the devil suggests that Tina had just been speaking about Larry. People say this when the person they've just been speaking about coincidentally arrives, as if summoned. | Context: N/A
Question: What does the idiom in this text suggest?
"Speak of the devil!" Tina declared when Larry strolled into the room.
Options: (A) Tina had just been speaking about Larry. (B) Tina didn't trust Larry.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: What does the idiom in this text suggest?
"Speak of the devil!" Tina declared when Larry strolled into the room.
Options: (A) Tina had just been speaking about Larry. (B) Tina didn't trust Larry.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
"That fits you well," Ron remarked after Marcy's cap fell over her eyes for the tenth time. | [
"The cap was too big.",
"The cap looked nice on Marcy."
] | A | closed choice | grade6 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Interpret figures of speech | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
Verbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.
Olivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.
Each breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. | The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.
Fits you well ironically suggests that the cap was too big. The cap was falling over Marcy's eyes, so it didn't fit her well at all. | Context: N/A
Question: What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
"That fits you well," Ron remarked after Marcy's cap fell over her eyes for the tenth time.
Options: (A) The cap was too big. (B) The cap looked nice on Marcy.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
"That fits you well," Ron remarked after Marcy's cap fell over her eyes for the tenth time.
Options: (A) The cap was too big. (B) The cap looked nice on Marcy.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Select the living thing. | [
"sea cucumber",
"candy",
"calculator",
"windmill"
] | A | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | biology | Classification | Identify living and nonliving things | All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.
All living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.
All living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense. | A windmill is not a living thing.
A windmill does not have all the traits of a living thing. It moves in the wind, but it does not grow. It does not need food or water.
A calculator is not a living thing.
A calculator does not have all the traits of a living thing. It can do math problems, but it does not grow. It does not need food or water.
Candy is not a living thing.
Candy does not have all of the traits of a living thing. It is sweet and can be shaped like fruit. But it does not grow like real fruit. It does not need food or water.
A sea cucumber is a living thing.
Sea cucumbers grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Sea cucumbers are made up of many cells.
Sea cucumbers are animals with soft spines covering their bodies. They live on the ocean floor. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the living thing.
Options: (A) sea cucumber (B) candy (C) calculator (D) windmill
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the living thing.
Options: (A) sea cucumber (B) candy (C) calculator (D) windmill
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which is a complex sentence? | [
"Freedom of speech and trial by jury are two important rights in the United States Constitution.",
"Mackenzie and her mom sat on the back porch and watched as the sun sank into the horizon."
] | B | closed choice | grade5 | language science | grammar | Sentences, fragments, and run-ons | Is the sentence simple, compound, or complex? | A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.
An independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.
the oranges on our tree are ripe
The clause can stand alone. It is independent.
after we pick up Kevin from work
The clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.
A simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.
Ben and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.
Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.
In the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.
Ben usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.
A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.
We saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.
A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.
If she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. | The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.
Mackenzie and her mom sat on the back porch and watched as the sun sank into the horizon. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is a complex sentence?
Options: (A) Freedom of speech and trial by jury are two important rights in the United States Constitution. (B) Mackenzie and her mom sat on the back porch and watched as the sun sank into the horizon.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is a complex sentence?
Options: (A) Freedom of speech and trial by jury are two important rights in the United States Constitution. (B) Mackenzie and her mom sat on the back porch and watched as the sun sank into the horizon.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Would you find the word throb on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
taper - tentacle | [
"yes",
"no"
] | B | yes or no | grade7 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since throb is not between the guide words taper - tentacle, it would not be found on that page. | Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word throb on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
taper - tentacle
Options: (A) yes (B) no
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word throb on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
taper - tentacle
Options: (A) yes (B) no
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? | [
"Emily had witnessed a crime, so she made a call to report it. The operator promptly dispatched police to investigate the scene.",
"Emily had witnessed a crime, so she made a call to report it. They promptly dispatched police to investigate the scene."
] | B | closed choice | grade10 | language science | writing-strategies | Pronouns | Identify vague pronoun references | When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.
The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:
1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.
2. Rewrite the sentence:
Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.
A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.
They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.
The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.
The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. | The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.
The second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with the operator.
Emily had witnessed a crime, so she made a call to report it. The operator promptly dispatched police to investigate the scene. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) Emily had witnessed a crime, so she made a call to report it. The operator promptly dispatched police to investigate the scene. (B) Emily had witnessed a crime, so she made a call to report it. They promptly dispatched police to investigate the scene.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) Emily had witnessed a crime, so she made a call to report it. The operator promptly dispatched police to investigate the scene. (B) Emily had witnessed a crime, so she made a call to report it. They promptly dispatched police to investigate the scene.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Based on this information, what is Cheyenne's phenotype for the horns trait? | [
"not having horns",
"having horns"
] | A | In a group of cows, some individuals have horns and others do not. In this group, the gene for the horns trait has two alleles. The allele for not having horns (H) is dominant over the allele for having horns (h).
Cheyenne is a cow from this group. Cheyenne has the homozygous genotype HH for the horns gene. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.
Some traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.
An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.
An organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.
The types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.
A dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.
A recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. | Cheyenne's genotype for the horns gene is HH. Cheyenne's genotype of HH has only H allelles. The H allele is for not having horns. So, Cheyenne's phenotype for the horns trait must be not having horns.
To check this answer, consider whether Cheyenne's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for not having horns (H) is dominant over the allele for having horns (h). This means H is a dominant allele, and h is a recessive allele.
Cheyenne's genotype of HH has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Cheyenne's phenotype for the horns trait must be not having horns. | Context: In a group of cows, some individuals have horns and others do not. In this group, the gene for the horns trait has two alleles. The allele for not having horns (H) is dominant over the allele for having horns (h).
Cheyenne is a cow from this group. Cheyenne has the homozygous genotype HH for the horns gene.
Question: Based on this information, what is Cheyenne's phenotype for the horns trait?
Options: (A) not having horns (B) having horns
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: In a group of cows, some individuals have horns and others do not. In this group, the gene for the horns trait has two alleles. The allele for not having horns (H) is dominant over the allele for having horns (h).
Cheyenne is a cow from this group. Cheyenne has the homozygous genotype HH for the horns gene.
Question: Based on this information, what is Cheyenne's phenotype for the horns trait?
Options: (A) not having horns (B) having horns
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Which is a compound sentence? | [
"The Mississippi River flows from Lake Itasca to the Gulf of Mexico.",
"The cook seasons the chicken, and her helper roasts it."
] | B | closed choice | grade3 | language science | grammar | Sentences, fragments, and run-ons | Is the sentence simple or compound? | A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.
The pitcher threw the ball to first base.
A compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.
The pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.
Some simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.
Anna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.
This simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.
The singers bowed and walked off the stage.
This simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.
Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.
In the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.
This is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter. | The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction and.
The cook seasons the chicken, and her helper roasts it. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is a compound sentence?
Options: (A) The Mississippi River flows from Lake Itasca to the Gulf of Mexico. (B) The cook seasons the chicken, and her helper roasts it.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is a compound sentence?
Options: (A) The Mississippi River flows from Lake Itasca to the Gulf of Mexico. (B) The cook seasons the chicken, and her helper roasts it.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
chose - confident | [
"capitol",
"clung"
] | B | closed choice | grade8 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since clung is between the guide words chose - confident, it would be found on that page. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
chose - confident
Options: (A) capitol (B) clung
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
chose - confident
Options: (A) capitol (B) clung
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | What do these two changes have in common?
sewing an apron
water evaporating from a lake | [
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are caused by cooling."
] | A | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | chemistry | Chemical reactions | Compare physical and chemical changes | Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.
In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.
Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.
In a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.
A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.
The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. | Step 1: Think about each change.
Sewing an apron is a physical change. The fabric and thread that make up the apron get a new shape, but the type of matter in each of them does not change.
Water evaporating from a lake is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.
Step 2: Look at each answer choice.
Both are only physical changes.
Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.
Both are chemical changes.
Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.
Both are caused by heating.
Water evaporating is caused by heating. But sewing an apron is not.
Both are caused by cooling.
Neither change is caused by cooling. | Context: N/A
Question: What do these two changes have in common?
sewing an apron
water evaporating from a lake
Options: (A) Both are only physical changes. (B) Both are caused by heating. (C) Both are chemical changes. (D) Both are caused by cooling.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: What do these two changes have in common?
sewing an apron
water evaporating from a lake
Options: (A) Both are only physical changes. (B) Both are caused by heating. (C) Both are chemical changes. (D) Both are caused by cooling.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Is this a run-on sentence?
It is estimated that ten percent of the population has a fear of needles, medical researchers are developing devices that make injections pain-free. | [
"no",
"yes"
] | B | yes or no | grade12 | language science | writing-strategies | Sentences, fragments, and run-ons | Identify run-on sentences | A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.
The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.
A run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.
The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.
The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.
There are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:
Use stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.
The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.
The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.
Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.
The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.
Use a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.
The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks. | This is a run-on sentence. It is a comma splice formed from two sentences run together, joined by just a comma.
It is estimated that ten percent of the population has a fear of needles, medical researchers are developing devices that make injections pain-free.
Here is one way to fix the run-on sentence:
It is estimated that ten percent of the population has a fear of needles, so medical researchers are developing devices that make injections pain free. | Context: N/A
Question: Is this a run-on sentence?
It is estimated that ten percent of the population has a fear of needles, medical researchers are developing devices that make injections pain-free.
Options: (A) no (B) yes
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Is this a run-on sentence?
It is estimated that ten percent of the population has a fear of needles, medical researchers are developing devices that make injections pain-free.
Options: (A) no (B) yes
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Katy is good at baking. | [
"acquired",
"inherited"
] | A | Hint: Baking well takes practice. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | biology | Traits and heredity | Identify inherited and acquired traits | Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. | People are not born knowing how to bake. Instead, many people learn how to bake. So, baking is an acquired trait. | Context: Hint: Baking well takes practice.
Question: Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Katy is good at baking.
Options: (A) acquired (B) inherited
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Hint: Baking well takes practice.
Question: Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Katy is good at baking.
Options: (A) acquired (B) inherited
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Select the mixture. | [
"silver",
"mud"
] | B | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | physics | Mixtures | Identify mixtures | A pure substance is made of only one type of matter.
A mixture is made of two or more types of matter mixed together. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the mixture.
Options: (A) silver (B) mud
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the mixture.
Options: (A) silver (B) mud
Answer: The answer is B. | |||
null | Which drop of dish soap has more thermal energy? | [
"the hotter drop of dish soap",
"the colder drop of dish soap"
] | A | Two drops of dish soap are identical except for their temperatures. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | physics | Thermal energy | How are temperature and mass related to thermal energy? | Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.
The energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.
Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.
What happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70°F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70°F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy. | The two drops of dish soap are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter drop of dish soap has more thermal energy. | Context: Two drops of dish soap are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which drop of dish soap has more thermal energy?
Options: (A) the hotter drop of dish soap (B) the colder drop of dish soap
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Two drops of dish soap are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which drop of dish soap has more thermal energy?
Options: (A) the hotter drop of dish soap (B) the colder drop of dish soap
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | How long is a spider's leg? | [
"17 meters",
"17 centimeters",
"17 millimeters"
] | C | Select the best estimate. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose metric units of distance | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
When you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.
The tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.
A red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. | The best estimate for the length of a spider's leg is 17 millimeters.
17 centimeters and 17 meters are both too long. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: How long is a spider's leg?
Options: (A) 17 meters (B) 17 centimeters (C) 17 millimeters
| Answer: The answer is C. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: How long is a spider's leg?
Options: (A) 17 meters (B) 17 centimeters (C) 17 millimeters
Answer: The answer is C. | |
null | Which is a simple sentence? | [
"Rumors about Mayor Gomez were spreading like wildfire, so she set the record straight at a press conference.",
"Kayla and her sisters drew a map of the United States and hung it on the wall."
] | B | closed choice | grade5 | language science | grammar | Sentences, fragments, and run-ons | Is the sentence simple, compound, or complex? | A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.
An independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.
the oranges on our tree are ripe
The clause can stand alone. It is independent.
after we pick up Kevin from work
The clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.
A simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.
Ben and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.
Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.
In the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.
Ben usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.
A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.
We saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.
A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.
If she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. | The second sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.
Kayla and her sisters drew a map of the United States and hung it on the wall. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is a simple sentence?
Options: (A) Rumors about Mayor Gomez were spreading like wildfire, so she set the record straight at a press conference. (B) Kayla and her sisters drew a map of the United States and hung it on the wall.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is a simple sentence?
Options: (A) Rumors about Mayor Gomez were spreading like wildfire, so she set the record straight at a press conference. (B) Kayla and her sisters drew a map of the United States and hung it on the wall.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which greeting is correct for a letter? | [
"Dear Uncle brad,",
"Dear Uncle Brad,"
] | B | closed choice | grade2 | language science | capitalization | Capitalization | Greetings and closings of letters | A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.
Dear Aunt Sue,
I'm glad you could come to my party, and
thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have
asked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think
of you.
With love,
Rory | The second greeting is correct:
Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Uncle Brad is capitalized because it is a proper noun. | Context: N/A
Question: Which greeting is correct for a letter?
Options: (A) Dear Uncle brad, (B) Dear Uncle Brad,
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which greeting is correct for a letter?
Options: (A) Dear Uncle brad, (B) Dear Uncle Brad,
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which correctly shows the title of a movie? | [
"\"Nothing but the Best\"",
"***Nothing but the Best***"
] | B | closed choice | grade6 | language science | punctuation | Formatting | Formatting titles | The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.
A Midsummer Night's Dream
The title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.
"You Are My Sunshine" | A movie should be in italics.
The correct title is **Nothing but the Best**. | Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of a movie?
Options: (A) "Nothing but the Best" (B) ***Nothing but the Best***
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of a movie?
Options: (A) "Nothing but the Best" (B) ***Nothing but the Best***
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which figure of speech is used in this text?
Ariel, I've told you a million times: you need to dry the dishes before you put them away. | [
"hyperbole",
"paradox"
] | A | closed choice | grade11 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Classify the figure of speech: euphemism, hyperbole, oxymoron, paradox | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
A euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.
The head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.
Hyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.
I ate so much that I think I might explode!
An oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.
Some reviewers are calling this book a new classic.
A paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.
Always expect the unexpected. | The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.
A million times is an exaggeration, since it is unlikely that Ariel has actually been told this a million times. | Context: N/A
Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
Ariel, I've told you a million times: you need to dry the dishes before you put them away.
Options: (A) hyperbole (B) paradox
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
Ariel, I've told you a million times: you need to dry the dishes before you put them away.
Options: (A) hyperbole (B) paradox
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Based on this information, what is Fifi's genotype for the ear type gene? | [
"normal ears",
"EE"
] | B | This passage describes the ear type trait in rats:
In a group of rats, some individuals have normal ears and others have dumbo ears. In this group, the gene for the ear type trait has two alleles. The allele E is for normal ears, and the allele e is for dumbo ears.
Fifi, a rat from this group, has normal ears. Fifi has two alleles for normal ears. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. | An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Fifi has two alleles for normal ears (E). So, Fifi's genotype for the ear type gene is EE. | Context: This passage describes the ear type trait in rats:
In a group of rats, some individuals have normal ears and others have dumbo ears. In this group, the gene for the ear type trait has two alleles. The allele E is for normal ears, and the allele e is for dumbo ears.
Fifi, a rat from this group, has normal ears. Fifi has two alleles for normal ears.
Question: Based on this information, what is Fifi's genotype for the ear type gene?
Options: (A) normal ears (B) EE
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: This passage describes the ear type trait in rats:
In a group of rats, some individuals have normal ears and others have dumbo ears. In this group, the gene for the ear type trait has two alleles. The allele E is for normal ears, and the allele e is for dumbo ears.
Fifi, a rat from this group, has normal ears. Fifi has two alleles for normal ears.
Question: Based on this information, what is Fifi's genotype for the ear type gene?
Options: (A) normal ears (B) EE
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | Which sentence uses a metaphor? | [
"The baby fish in the aquarium are as tiny as specks.",
"The baby fish in the aquarium are tiny specks."
] | B | closed choice | grade4 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Identify similes and metaphors | Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.
A simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.
My sister runs like a cheetah.
The sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.
A cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.
The cat's fur was as dark as the night.
The cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.
The night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.
A metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.
The snow formed a blanket over the town.
The snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.
A blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.
Using similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader. | This sentence uses a metaphor:
The baby fish in the aquarium are tiny specks.
The words baby fish and specks are compared without the word like or as.
This sentence uses a simile:
The baby fish in the aquarium are as tiny as specks.
The words baby fish and specks are compared using the word as. | Context: N/A
Question: Which sentence uses a metaphor?
Options: (A) The baby fish in the aquarium are as tiny as specks. (B) The baby fish in the aquarium are tiny specks.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which sentence uses a metaphor?
Options: (A) The baby fish in the aquarium are as tiny as specks. (B) The baby fish in the aquarium are tiny specks.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Assume all other forces on the cactus are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on the cactus? | [
"The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on the cactus.",
"The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on the cactus."
] | A | Ariana is picking up her potted cactus as she cleans her room. She is pulling the cactus up with a force of 20N. Earth's gravity is pulling the cactus down with a force of 15N. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | physics | Velocity, acceleration, and forces | Balanced and unbalanced forces | A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.
When opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.
When opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object. | To determine if there is a net force on the cactus, look at the forces:
Ariana is pulling the cactus up with a force of 20 N.
Earth's gravity is pulling the cactus down with a force of 15 N.
The forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 20 N and 15 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on the cactus. | Context: Ariana is picking up her potted cactus as she cleans her room. She is pulling the cactus up with a force of 20N. Earth's gravity is pulling the cactus down with a force of 15N.
Question: Assume all other forces on the cactus are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on the cactus?
Options: (A) The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on the cactus. (B) The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on the cactus.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Ariana is picking up her potted cactus as she cleans her room. She is pulling the cactus up with a force of 20N. Earth's gravity is pulling the cactus down with a force of 15N.
Question: Assume all other forces on the cactus are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on the cactus?
Options: (A) The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on the cactus. (B) The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on the cactus.
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Which is a run-on sentence? | [
"In the story, a giant hid a bag of gold and jewels.",
"Mom was lost in Morristown she asked someone for directions."
] | B | closed choice | grade3 | language science | writing-strategies | Sentences, fragments, and run-ons | Is it a complete sentence, a fragment, or a run-on? | A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.
My friends walk along the path.
A sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.
Knows the answer.
This is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.
Who knows the answer? She knows the answer.
The bright red car.
This is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.
What did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.
A run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.
I knocked on the door it opened.
It started raining, we ran inside.
To fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.
I knocked on the door. It opened.
It started raining. We ran inside.
You can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.
I knocked on the door, and it opened.
It started raining, so we ran inside. | Mom was lost in Morristown she asked someone for directions is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: Mom was lost in Morristown and She asked someone for directions. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is a run-on sentence?
Options: (A) In the story, a giant hid a bag of gold and jewels. (B) Mom was lost in Morristown she asked someone for directions.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is a run-on sentence?
Options: (A) In the story, a giant hid a bag of gold and jewels. (B) Mom was lost in Morristown she asked someone for directions.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Complete the statement.
During this chemical reaction, the air around the reaction becomes (). | [
"colder",
"warmer"
] | A | When a chemical reaction absorbs or releases thermal energy, the reaction causes a change in temperature. Read the passage about a chemical reaction that absorbs or releases thermal energy. Then, follow the instructions below.
The most common type of cement in the world is Portland cement, named after an area of England that has a lot of limestone. Limestone is made up mostly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). When calcium carbonate is heated, it breaks down into carbon dioxide (CO2) and calcium oxide (CaO), the main ingredient in Portland cement. During this reaction, thermal energy is taken in from the surroundings and converted to chemical energy. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | chemistry | Chemical reactions | Describe energy changes in chemical reactions | During a chemical reaction, thermal energy is absorbed or released as heat. This transfer of thermal energy changes the temperature of the reaction's surroundings. The surroundings are everything around the reaction, such as the solution that the reaction takes place in or the air nearby.
Some reactions release thermal energy into the surroundings. This thermal energy is converted from chemical energy, which is provided by the molecules in the reaction. As the thermal energy moves out of the reaction and into the surroundings, the temperature of the surroundings increases.
Some reactions absorb thermal energy from the surroundings. This thermal energy is converted into chemical energy during the reaction. As the thermal energy moves out of the surroundings and into the reaction, the temperature of the surroundings decreases. | To determine whether the air around the reaction becomes warmer or colder, look for the text that describes the movement of thermal energy during the reaction.The most common type of cement in the world is Portland cement, named after an area of England that has a lot of limestone. Limestone is made up mostly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). When calcium carbonate is heated, it breaks down into carbon dioxide (CO2) and calcium oxide (CaO), the main ingredient in Portland cement. During this reaction, thermal energy is taken in from the surroundings and converted to chemical energy.The underlined text tells you that thermal energy is taken in from the surroundings. Because thermal energy moves out of the surroundings and into the reaction, the temperature of the surroundings decreases.The surroundings include the air around the reaction. So, the air around the reaction becomes colder. | Context: When a chemical reaction absorbs or releases thermal energy, the reaction causes a change in temperature. Read the passage about a chemical reaction that absorbs or releases thermal energy. Then, follow the instructions below.
The most common type of cement in the world is Portland cement, named after an area of England that has a lot of limestone. Limestone is made up mostly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). When calcium carbonate is heated, it breaks down into carbon dioxide (CO2) and calcium oxide (CaO), the main ingredient in Portland cement. During this reaction, thermal energy is taken in from the surroundings and converted to chemical energy.
Question: Complete the statement.
During this chemical reaction, the air around the reaction becomes ().
Options: (A) colder (B) warmer
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: When a chemical reaction absorbs or releases thermal energy, the reaction causes a change in temperature. Read the passage about a chemical reaction that absorbs or releases thermal energy. Then, follow the instructions below.
The most common type of cement in the world is Portland cement, named after an area of England that has a lot of limestone. Limestone is made up mostly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). When calcium carbonate is heated, it breaks down into carbon dioxide (CO2) and calcium oxide (CaO), the main ingredient in Portland cement. During this reaction, thermal energy is taken in from the surroundings and converted to chemical energy.
Question: Complete the statement.
During this chemical reaction, the air around the reaction becomes ().
Options: (A) colder (B) warmer
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | From August to November 1918, the Allied powers won many battles. This was called the Hundred Days Offensive. What happened after the Hundred Days Offensive? | [
"Russia joined the war again.",
"The United States Congress decided not to send any more soldiers to Europe.",
"Germany surrendered to the Allied powers.",
"The Allied powers started to lose a lot of battles."
] | C | closed choice | grade4 | social science | world-history | 20th century American history | World War I: the road to peace | The Hundred Days Offensive was a turning point in World War I. In war, an offensive is a large attack. After the Hundred Days Offensive, Germany surrendered to the Allied powers. The war was over. | Context: N/A
Question: From August to November 1918, the Allied powers won many battles. This was called the Hundred Days Offensive. What happened after the Hundred Days Offensive?
Options: (A) Russia joined the war again. (B) The United States Congress decided not to send any more soldiers to Europe. (C) Germany surrendered to the Allied powers. (D) The Allied powers started to lose a lot of battles.
| Answer: The answer is C. | Context: N/A
Question: From August to November 1918, the Allied powers won many battles. This was called the Hundred Days Offensive. What happened after the Hundred Days Offensive?
Options: (A) Russia joined the war again. (B) The United States Congress decided not to send any more soldiers to Europe. (C) Germany surrendered to the Allied powers. (D) The Allied powers started to lose a lot of battles.
Answer: The answer is C. | |||
null | Which closing is correct for a letter? | [
"Thanks,\nNina",
"thanks,\nNina"
] | A | closed choice | grade4 | language science | punctuation | Formatting | Greetings and closings of letters | A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.
Dear Aunt Sue,
I'm glad you could come to my party, and
thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have
asked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think
of you.
With love,
Rory | The first closing is correct:
Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. | Context: N/A
Question: Which closing is correct for a letter?
Options: (A) Thanks,
Nina (B) thanks,
Nina
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which closing is correct for a letter?
Options: (A) Thanks,
Nina (B) thanks,
Nina
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which type of sentence is this?
As Matt sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him. | [
"compound-complex",
"simple",
"complex",
"compound"
] | C | closed choice | grade9 | language science | grammar | Phrases and clauses | Is the sentence simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex? | A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.
An independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.
the oranges on our tree are ripe
The clause can stand alone. It is independent.
after we pick up Kevin from work
The clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.
A simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.
Ben and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.
Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.
In the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.
Ben usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.
A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.
We saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.
A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.
If she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.
During his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.
A compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
After Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.
Sometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.
Orcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. | The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.
As Matt sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him. | Context: N/A
Question: Which type of sentence is this?
As Matt sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.
Options: (A) compound-complex (B) simple (C) complex (D) compound
| Answer: The answer is C. | Context: N/A
Question: Which type of sentence is this?
As Matt sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.
Options: (A) compound-complex (B) simple (C) complex (D) compound
Answer: The answer is C. | ||
null | Compare the motion of two birds. Which bird was moving at a higher speed? | [
"a bird that moved 15miles in 5hours",
"a bird that moved 25miles in 5hours"
] | B | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | physics | Force and motion | Compare the speeds of moving objects | An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.
Distance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.
Time tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.
Think about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed. | Look at the distance each bird moved and the time it took to move that distance.
One bird moved 25 miles in 5 hours.
The other bird moved 15 miles in 5 hours.
Notice that each bird spent the same amount of time moving. The bird that moved 25 miles moved a farther distance in that time. So, that bird must have moved at a higher speed. | Context: N/A
Question: Compare the motion of two birds. Which bird was moving at a higher speed?
Options: (A) a bird that moved 15miles in 5hours (B) a bird that moved 25miles in 5hours
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Compare the motion of two birds. Which bird was moving at a higher speed?
Options: (A) a bird that moved 15miles in 5hours (B) a bird that moved 25miles in 5hours
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Using only these supplies, which question can Hunter investigate with an experiment? | [
"Is the pet lizard more active when its tank is heated with one heating lamp or with two heating lamps?",
"Is the pet lizard more active when it is fed insects or lettuce?",
"Is the pet lizard more active when it is fed crickets or mealworms?"
] | C | Hunter has a pet lizard. Hunter notices that on some days, the lizard is active and runs around the tank. On other days, the lizard hardly moves at all. Hunter wonders what factors affect how active his lizard is. So, he decides to design an experiment. He has the following supplies available:
one pet lizard
live crickets
live mealworms
one heating lamp | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | science-and-engineering-practices | Designing experiments | Identify questions that can be investigated with a set of materials | Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.
Imagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?
First, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.
Next, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.
So, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! | Context: Hunter has a pet lizard. Hunter notices that on some days, the lizard is active and runs around the tank. On other days, the lizard hardly moves at all. Hunter wonders what factors affect how active his lizard is. So, he decides to design an experiment. He has the following supplies available:
one pet lizard
live crickets
live mealworms
one heating lamp
Question: Using only these supplies, which question can Hunter investigate with an experiment?
Options: (A) Is the pet lizard more active when its tank is heated with one heating lamp or with two heating lamps? (B) Is the pet lizard more active when it is fed insects or lettuce? (C) Is the pet lizard more active when it is fed crickets or mealworms?
| Answer: The answer is C. | Context: Hunter has a pet lizard. Hunter notices that on some days, the lizard is active and runs around the tank. On other days, the lizard hardly moves at all. Hunter wonders what factors affect how active his lizard is. So, he decides to design an experiment. He has the following supplies available:
one pet lizard
live crickets
live mealworms
one heating lamp
Question: Using only these supplies, which question can Hunter investigate with an experiment?
Options: (A) Is the pet lizard more active when its tank is heated with one heating lamp or with two heating lamps? (B) Is the pet lizard more active when it is fed insects or lettuce? (C) Is the pet lizard more active when it is fed crickets or mealworms?
Answer: The answer is C. | ||
null | Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
Mr. Leonard can quit smoking because he's capable of stopping. | [
"circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself",
"hasty generalization: a broad claim based on too few observations",
"ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself"
] | A | closed choice | grade9 | language science | writing-strategies | Developing and supporting arguments | Classify logical fallacies | A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.
A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:
Fallacy | Description
ad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself
appeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice
bandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice
circular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself
guilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something
A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:
Fallacy | Description
false causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other
false dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist
hasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations
slippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences
straw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against
| The text argues that Mr. Leonard can quit smoking because he is able to stop. However, the "evidence" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning. | Context: N/A
Question: Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
Mr. Leonard can quit smoking because he's capable of stopping.
Options: (A) circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself (B) hasty generalization: a broad claim based on too few observations (C) ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
Mr. Leonard can quit smoking because he's capable of stopping.
Options: (A) circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself (B) hasty generalization: a broad claim based on too few observations (C) ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself
Answer: The answer is A. |
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