image null | question stringlengths 15 714 | choices listlengths 2 4 | answer stringclasses 4 values | hint stringlengths 0 726 | task stringclasses 3 values | grade stringclasses 12 values | subject stringclasses 3 values | topic stringclasses 25 values | category stringclasses 68 values | skill stringclasses 129 values | lecture stringclasses 145 values | solution stringlengths 0 1.25k | input stringclasses 1 value | instruction stringlengths 71 888 | output stringclasses 4 values | text stringlengths 96 913 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
null | What is the mass of a news magazine? | [
"8 pounds",
"8 tons",
"8 ounces"
] | C | Select the best estimate. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose customary units of mass | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Mass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.
There are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.
There are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.
So, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.
A slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. | The best estimate for the mass of a news magazine is 8 ounces.
8 pounds and 8 tons are both too heavy. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: What is the mass of a news magazine?
Options: (A) 8 pounds (B) 8 tons (C) 8 ounces
| Answer: The answer is C. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: What is the mass of a news magazine?
Options: (A) 8 pounds (B) 8 tons (C) 8 ounces
Answer: The answer is C. | |
null | How long is a long-distance running race? | [
"21 centimeters",
"21 millimeters",
"21 meters",
"21 kilometers"
] | D | Select the best estimate. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose metric units of distance, mass, and volume | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
When you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.
The tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.
A red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. | The best estimate for the length of a long-distance running race is 21 kilometers.
21 millimeters, 21 centimeters, and 21 meters are all too short. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: How long is a long-distance running race?
Options: (A) 21 centimeters (B) 21 millimeters (C) 21 meters (D) 21 kilometers
| Answer: The answer is D. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: How long is a long-distance running race?
Options: (A) 21 centimeters (B) 21 millimeters (C) 21 meters (D) 21 kilometers
Answer: The answer is D. | |
null | What does the euphemism in this text suggest?
Mr. Garrison is enjoying his golden years in a luxurious beachside community just down the street from his grandchildren. | [
"Mr. Garrison is old.",
"Mr. Garrison lives near his family."
] | A | closed choice | grade9 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Interpret figures of speech | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
A euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.
The head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off. | The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.
The euphemism golden years indicates that Mr. Garrison is old. Golden years is a nicer way of referring to old age. | Context: N/A
Question: What does the euphemism in this text suggest?
Mr. Garrison is enjoying his golden years in a luxurious beachside community just down the street from his grandchildren.
Options: (A) Mr. Garrison is old. (B) Mr. Garrison lives near his family.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: What does the euphemism in this text suggest?
Mr. Garrison is enjoying his golden years in a luxurious beachside community just down the street from his grandchildren.
Options: (A) Mr. Garrison is old. (B) Mr. Garrison lives near his family.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
capital - city | [
"construct",
"cement"
] | B | closed choice | grade8 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since cement is between the guide words capital - city, it would be found on that page. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
capital - city
Options: (A) construct (B) cement
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
capital - city
Options: (A) construct (B) cement
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which object has the least thermal energy? | [
"a marble at a temperature of 4°C",
"a marble at a temperature of 16°C",
"a marble at a temperature of 20°C"
] | A | The objects are identical except for their temperatures. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | physics | Heat and thermal energy | How is temperature related to thermal energy? | All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.
Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature. | All three marbles have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 4°C marble is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy. | Context: The objects are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which object has the least thermal energy?
Options: (A) a marble at a temperature of 4°C (B) a marble at a temperature of 16°C (C) a marble at a temperature of 20°C
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: The objects are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which object has the least thermal energy?
Options: (A) a marble at a temperature of 4°C (B) a marble at a temperature of 16°C (C) a marble at a temperature of 20°C
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
careful - cocoa | [
"curve",
"chord"
] | B | closed choice | grade6 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since chord is between the guide words careful - cocoa, it would be found on that page. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
careful - cocoa
Options: (A) curve (B) chord
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
careful - cocoa
Options: (A) curve (B) chord
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Danny says that he would not be the person he is today were it not for his childhood, which he describes as Dickensian. | [
"a song",
"literature"
] | B | closed choice | grade12 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Recall the source of an allusion | An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.
The protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.
The word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux. | The source of the allusion Dickensian is literature.
The works of British author Charles Dickens often featured characters struggling to survive in settings such as debtors' prisons and orphanages.
The allusion Dickensian means harsh or poverty-stricken. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Danny says that he would not be the person he is today were it not for his childhood, which he describes as Dickensian.
Options: (A) a song (B) literature
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Danny says that he would not be the person he is today were it not for his childhood, which he describes as Dickensian.
Options: (A) a song (B) literature
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Select the living thing. | [
"maple tree",
"van",
"cave",
"cell phone"
] | A | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | biology | Classification | Identify living and nonliving things | All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.
All living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.
All living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense. | A van is not a living thing.
A van does not have all the traits of a living thing. Vans need energy, but they do not eat food. They get energy from gasoline or electricity. Vans do not grow.
A maple tree is a living thing.
Maple trees grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Maple trees are made up of many cells.
Maple trees are plants. They make their own food using water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight.
A cave is not a living thing.
A cave may have animals or plants living inside. But a cave does not have all the traits of a living thing. A cave does not need food or water.
A cell phone is not a living thing.
A cell phone does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does many useful things, and even responds to the world around it. But it does not grow. It does not need food or water. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the living thing.
Options: (A) maple tree (B) van (C) cave (D) cell phone
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the living thing.
Options: (A) maple tree (B) van (C) cave (D) cell phone
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Using only these supplies, which question can Emmy investigate with an experiment? | [
"Does a cell phone charge faster when plugged into a wall outlet or into a computer?",
"Does a cell phone charge more quickly when it is turned on or when it is turned off?",
"Does a tablet charge faster with a two-foot-long charging cable or a five-foot-long charging cable?"
] | B | Emmy notices that her cell phone charges more quickly sometimes and more slowly other times. She wonders what factors affect how quickly a phone charges. So, she decides to design an experiment. She has the following supplies available:
one cell phone
a two-foot-long charging cable
a five-foot-long charging cable
a stopwatch
a wall outlet | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | science-and-engineering-practices | Designing experiments | Identify questions that can be investigated with a set of materials | Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.
Imagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?
First, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.
Next, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.
So, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! | Context: Emmy notices that her cell phone charges more quickly sometimes and more slowly other times. She wonders what factors affect how quickly a phone charges. So, she decides to design an experiment. She has the following supplies available:
one cell phone
a two-foot-long charging cable
a five-foot-long charging cable
a stopwatch
a wall outlet
Question: Using only these supplies, which question can Emmy investigate with an experiment?
Options: (A) Does a cell phone charge faster when plugged into a wall outlet or into a computer? (B) Does a cell phone charge more quickly when it is turned on or when it is turned off? (C) Does a tablet charge faster with a two-foot-long charging cable or a five-foot-long charging cable?
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Emmy notices that her cell phone charges more quickly sometimes and more slowly other times. She wonders what factors affect how quickly a phone charges. So, she decides to design an experiment. She has the following supplies available:
one cell phone
a two-foot-long charging cable
a five-foot-long charging cable
a stopwatch
a wall outlet
Question: Using only these supplies, which question can Emmy investigate with an experiment?
Options: (A) Does a cell phone charge faster when plugged into a wall outlet or into a computer? (B) Does a cell phone charge more quickly when it is turned on or when it is turned off? (C) Does a tablet charge faster with a two-foot-long charging cable or a five-foot-long charging cable?
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Ryan can play the piccolo. | [
"acquired",
"inherited"
] | A | Hint: Playing an instrument well takes practice. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | biology | Traits and heredity | Identify inherited and acquired traits | Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. | People are not born knowing how to play the piccolo. Instead, some people learn how to play. So, playing the piccolo is an acquired trait. | Context: Hint: Playing an instrument well takes practice.
Question: Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Ryan can play the piccolo.
Options: (A) acquired (B) inherited
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Hint: Playing an instrument well takes practice.
Question: Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Ryan can play the piccolo.
Options: (A) acquired (B) inherited
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Which text uses the word terribly in its traditional sense? | [
"Zach shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.",
"Zach shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent."
] | A | closed choice | grade12 | language science | writing-strategies | Word usage and nuance | Explore words with new or contested usages | Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.
When a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.
Britney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.
The traditional usage above is considered more standard.
David perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.
The nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. | The second text uses terribly in its traditional sense: in a terrible manner.
Zach shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.
The first text uses terribly in its nontraditional sense: extremely; very.
Zach shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.
Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word terribly because it is considered more standard. | Context: N/A
Question: Which text uses the word terribly in its traditional sense?
Options: (A) Zach shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent. (B) Zach shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which text uses the word terribly in its traditional sense?
Options: (A) Zach shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent. (B) Zach shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which is the scratchiest? | [
"bark",
"nylon swim shorts",
"metal flute"
] | A | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | physics | Materials | Compare properties of materials | Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.
A material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.
For example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it. | Scratchy is a property. A scratchy material is rough and itchy against your skin.
Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.
Of the choices, the bark is the scratchiest. If you could touch this tree bark, it would feel rough and itchy. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is the scratchiest?
Options: (A) bark (B) nylon swim shorts (C) metal flute
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is the scratchiest?
Options: (A) bark (B) nylon swim shorts (C) metal flute
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Complete the sentence.
Picking up a paper clip with a magnet is a (). | [
"chemical change",
"physical change"
] | B | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | chemistry | Physical and chemical change | Compare physical and chemical changes | Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.
In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.
Burning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.
In a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.
A change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water. | Picking up a paper clip with a magnet is a physical change. The paper clip sticks to the magnet, but it is still made of the same type of matter. | Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence.
Picking up a paper clip with a magnet is a ().
Options: (A) chemical change (B) physical change
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence.
Picking up a paper clip with a magnet is a ().
Options: (A) chemical change (B) physical change
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | What information supports the conclusion that Keenan inherited this trait? | [
"Keenan and his father both have dark hair.",
"Keenan's parents have pale skin. They passed down this trait to Keenan."
] | B | Read the description of a trait.
Keenan has pale skin. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | biology | Heredity | Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement | Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. | Context: Read the description of a trait.
Keenan has pale skin.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Keenan inherited this trait?
Options: (A) Keenan and his father both have dark hair. (B) Keenan's parents have pale skin. They passed down this trait to Keenan.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Read the description of a trait.
Keenan has pale skin.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Keenan inherited this trait?
Options: (A) Keenan and his father both have dark hair. (B) Keenan's parents have pale skin. They passed down this trait to Keenan.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Using only these supplies, which question can Darnell investigate with an experiment? | [
"Which of the three types of tomato seeds sprouts the fastest?",
"Does a certain kind of tomato plant grow taller when planted in a clay pot or in a plastic pot?",
"Which type of soil will cause a certain kind of tomato plant to grow the most fruit?"
] | A | Darnell and his classmates are growing tomato plants in the school garden. He wonders what factors affect how tomato plants grow. So, he decides to design an experiment. He has the following supplies available:
three different types of tomato seeds
one bag of potting soil
five identical clay pots
water | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | science-and-engineering-practices | Designing experiments | Identify questions that can be investigated with a set of materials | Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.
Imagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?
First, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.
Next, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.
So, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! | Context: Darnell and his classmates are growing tomato plants in the school garden. He wonders what factors affect how tomato plants grow. So, he decides to design an experiment. He has the following supplies available:
three different types of tomato seeds
one bag of potting soil
five identical clay pots
water
Question: Using only these supplies, which question can Darnell investigate with an experiment?
Options: (A) Which of the three types of tomato seeds sprouts the fastest? (B) Does a certain kind of tomato plant grow taller when planted in a clay pot or in a plastic pot? (C) Which type of soil will cause a certain kind of tomato plant to grow the most fruit?
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Darnell and his classmates are growing tomato plants in the school garden. He wonders what factors affect how tomato plants grow. So, he decides to design an experiment. He has the following supplies available:
three different types of tomato seeds
one bag of potting soil
five identical clay pots
water
Question: Using only these supplies, which question can Darnell investigate with an experiment?
Options: (A) Which of the three types of tomato seeds sprouts the fastest? (B) Does a certain kind of tomato plant grow taller when planted in a clay pot or in a plastic pot? (C) Which type of soil will cause a certain kind of tomato plant to grow the most fruit?
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Based on this information, what is Dasher's phenotype for the coat color trait? | [
"a reddish-brown coat",
"a black coat"
] | B | In a group of horses, some individuals have a black coat and others have a reddish-brown coat. In this group, the gene for the coat color trait has two alleles. The allele for a black coat (L) is dominant over the allele for a reddish-brown coat (l).
Dasher is a horse from this group. Dasher has the homozygous genotype LL for the coat color gene. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.
Some traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.
An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.
An organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.
The types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.
A dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.
A recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. | Dasher's genotype for the coat color gene is LL. Dasher's genotype of LL has only L allelles. The L allele is for a black coat. So, Dasher's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a black coat.
To check this answer, consider whether Dasher's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a black coat (L) is dominant over the allele for a reddish-brown coat (l). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.
Dasher's genotype of LL has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Dasher's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a black coat. | Context: In a group of horses, some individuals have a black coat and others have a reddish-brown coat. In this group, the gene for the coat color trait has two alleles. The allele for a black coat (L) is dominant over the allele for a reddish-brown coat (l).
Dasher is a horse from this group. Dasher has the homozygous genotype LL for the coat color gene.
Question: Based on this information, what is Dasher's phenotype for the coat color trait?
Options: (A) a reddish-brown coat (B) a black coat
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: In a group of horses, some individuals have a black coat and others have a reddish-brown coat. In this group, the gene for the coat color trait has two alleles. The allele for a black coat (L) is dominant over the allele for a reddish-brown coat (l).
Dasher is a horse from this group. Dasher has the homozygous genotype LL for the coat color gene.
Question: Based on this information, what is Dasher's phenotype for the coat color trait?
Options: (A) a reddish-brown coat (B) a black coat
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
path - polar | [
"plum",
"push"
] | A | closed choice | grade8 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since plum is between the guide words path - polar, it would be found on that page. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
path - polar
Options: (A) plum (B) push
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
path - polar
Options: (A) plum (B) push
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which is a complex sentence? | [
"Miguel will lend us money for the tickets if we promise to repay him by the end of the year.",
"Henry Bacon's design of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., won him a gold medal from the American Institute of Architects."
] | A | closed choice | grade5 | language science | grammar | Sentences, fragments, and run-ons | Is the sentence simple, compound, or complex? | A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.
An independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.
the oranges on our tree are ripe
The clause can stand alone. It is independent.
after we pick up Kevin from work
The clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.
A simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.
Ben and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.
Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.
In the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.
Ben usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.
A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.
We saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.
A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.
If she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. | The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction if.
Miguel will lend us money for the tickets if we promise to repay him by the end of the year. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is a complex sentence?
Options: (A) Miguel will lend us money for the tickets if we promise to repay him by the end of the year. (B) Henry Bacon's design of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., won him a gold medal from the American Institute of Architects.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is a complex sentence?
Options: (A) Miguel will lend us money for the tickets if we promise to repay him by the end of the year. (B) Henry Bacon's design of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., won him a gold medal from the American Institute of Architects.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? | [
"If Danny winds up attending Adam's performance, he will let Susan know.",
"Danny will let Susan know if he winds up attending Adam's performance."
] | A | closed choice | grade6 | language science | pronouns | Pronouns and antecedents | Identify vague pronoun references | When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.
The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:
1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.
2. Rewrite the sentence:
Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.
A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.
They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.
The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.
The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. | The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Danny or Adam.
If Danny winds up attending Adam's performance, he will let Susan know.
The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.
Danny will let Susan know if he winds up attending Adam's performance. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) If Danny winds up attending Adam's performance, he will let Susan know. (B) Danny will let Susan know if he winds up attending Adam's performance.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) If Danny winds up attending Adam's performance, he will let Susan know. (B) Danny will let Susan know if he winds up attending Adam's performance.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | What is the mass of a full bag of groceries? | [
"5 ounces",
"5 pounds",
"5 tons"
] | B | Select the best estimate. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose customary units of mass | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Mass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.
There are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.
There are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.
So, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.
A slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. | The best estimate for the mass of a full bag of groceries is 5 pounds.
5 ounces is too light and 5 tons is too heavy. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: What is the mass of a full bag of groceries?
Options: (A) 5 ounces (B) 5 pounds (C) 5 tons
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: What is the mass of a full bag of groceries?
Options: (A) 5 ounces (B) 5 pounds (C) 5 tons
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | Is there a surplus or a shortage of bunk beds? | [
"shortage",
"surplus"
] | B | A furniture store has 20 bunk beds for sale. The beds cost $300 each. At that price, 15 people want to buy one. | closed choice | grade5 | social science | economics | Supply and demand | Identify shortage and surplus | There is a surplus if there is too much for sale at a given price.
There is a shortage if there is not enough for sale at a given price.
Surpluses and shortages usually happen when people who are selling goods or services charge too much or too little.
When the price is too high, consumers will not want to buy much of the good or service. The quantity demanded will be less than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a surplus.
When the price is too low, too many consumers will want to buy the good or service. The quantity demanded will be more than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a shortage. | At the current price, there are too many bunk beds for sale. There are 20 beds for sale, but only 15 people want to buy one.
So, there is a surplus of bunk beds. The furniture store will not get any money for the leftover bunk beds. | Context: A furniture store has 20 bunk beds for sale. The beds cost $300 each. At that price, 15 people want to buy one.
Question: Is there a surplus or a shortage of bunk beds?
Options: (A) shortage (B) surplus
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: A furniture store has 20 bunk beds for sale. The beds cost $300 each. At that price, 15 people want to buy one.
Question: Is there a surplus or a shortage of bunk beds?
Options: (A) shortage (B) surplus
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | Which object has the most thermal energy? | [
"a 250-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 10°C",
"a 250-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 5°C",
"a 250-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 9°C"
] | A | The objects are identical except for their temperatures. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | physics | Heat and thermal energy | How is temperature related to thermal energy? | All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.
Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. | All three glasses of apple juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 10°C glass of apple juice is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy. | Context: The objects are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which object has the most thermal energy?
Options: (A) a 250-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 10°C (B) a 250-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 5°C (C) a 250-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 9°C
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: The objects are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which object has the most thermal energy?
Options: (A) a 250-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 10°C (B) a 250-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 5°C (C) a 250-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 9°C
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Which object has less thermal energy? | [
"a 250-gram glass of grape juice at a temperature of 15°C",
"a 250-gram glass of grape juice at a temperature of 10°C"
] | B | The objects are identical except for their temperatures. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | physics | Heat and thermal energy | How is temperature related to thermal energy? | All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.
Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature. | The two glasses of grape juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 10°C glass of grape juice is colder than the 15°C glass of grape juice, it has less thermal energy. | Context: The objects are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which object has less thermal energy?
Options: (A) a 250-gram glass of grape juice at a temperature of 15°C (B) a 250-gram glass of grape juice at a temperature of 10°C
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: The objects are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which object has less thermal energy?
Options: (A) a 250-gram glass of grape juice at a temperature of 15°C (B) a 250-gram glass of grape juice at a temperature of 10°C
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | Which sentence states a fact? | [
"Seattle is prettier than New York City.",
"More than eight million people live in New York City."
] | B | closed choice | grade5 | social science | civics | Social studies skills | Identify facts and opinions | A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.
The flag of the United States has 13 stripes.
This is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.
An opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.
The flag of the United States is easy to draw.
This is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag "easy" to draw. | The first sentence states a fact.
More than eight million people live in New York City.
It can be proved by looking up how many people live in New York City.
The second sentence states an opinion.
Seattle is prettier than New York City.
Prettier shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes a city pretty. | Context: N/A
Question: Which sentence states a fact?
Options: (A) Seattle is prettier than New York City. (B) More than eight million people live in New York City.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which sentence states a fact?
Options: (A) Seattle is prettier than New York City. (B) More than eight million people live in New York City.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Based on this information, what is Echo's phenotype for the myotonia congenita trait? | [
"not having myotonia congenita",
"mm"
] | A | This passage describes the myotonia congenita trait in goats:
In a group of goats, some individuals have myotonia congenita and others do not. In this group, the gene for the myotonia congenita trait has two alleles. The allele M is for having myotonia congenita, and the allele m is for not having myotonia congenita.
Echo, a goat from this group, does not have myotonia congenita. Echo has two alleles for not having myotonia congenita. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. | An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Echo's observable version of the myotonia congenita trait is not having myotonia congenita. So, Echo's phenotype for the myotonia congenita trait is not having myotonia congenita. | Context: This passage describes the myotonia congenita trait in goats:
In a group of goats, some individuals have myotonia congenita and others do not. In this group, the gene for the myotonia congenita trait has two alleles. The allele M is for having myotonia congenita, and the allele m is for not having myotonia congenita.
Echo, a goat from this group, does not have myotonia congenita. Echo has two alleles for not having myotonia congenita.
Question: Based on this information, what is Echo's phenotype for the myotonia congenita trait?
Options: (A) not having myotonia congenita (B) mm
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: This passage describes the myotonia congenita trait in goats:
In a group of goats, some individuals have myotonia congenita and others do not. In this group, the gene for the myotonia congenita trait has two alleles. The allele M is for having myotonia congenita, and the allele m is for not having myotonia congenita.
Echo, a goat from this group, does not have myotonia congenita. Echo has two alleles for not having myotonia congenita.
Question: Based on this information, what is Echo's phenotype for the myotonia congenita trait?
Options: (A) not having myotonia congenita (B) mm
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Select the elementary substance. | [
"sulfur dioxide (SO2)",
"neon (Ne)",
"fluoromethanol (CH3FO)"
] | B | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | chemistry | Atoms and molecules | Identify elementary substances and compounds using chemical formulas | Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.
Every chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.
The symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.
An elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.
The symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.
For example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.
The chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.
A compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.
For example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms. | Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for sulfur dioxide contains two symbols: S for sulfur and O for oxygen. So, sulfur dioxide is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, sulfur dioxide is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for fluoromethanol contains four symbols: C for carbon, H for hydrogen, F for fluorine, and O for oxygen. So, fluoromethanol is made of four chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, fluoromethanol is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for neon contains one symbol: Ne. So, neon is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, neon is an elementary substance. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the elementary substance.
Options: (A) sulfur dioxide (SO2) (B) neon (Ne) (C) fluoromethanol (CH3FO)
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the elementary substance.
Options: (A) sulfur dioxide (SO2) (B) neon (Ne) (C) fluoromethanol (CH3FO)
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Patty has five fingers on each hand. | [
"acquired",
"inherited"
] | B | Hint: Patty was born with five fingers on each hand. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | biology | Traits and heredity | Identify inherited and acquired traits | Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. | Most humans are born with five fingers on each hand. So, having five fingers is an inherited trait. | Context: Hint: Patty was born with five fingers on each hand.
Question: Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Patty has five fingers on each hand.
Options: (A) acquired (B) inherited
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Hint: Patty was born with five fingers on each hand.
Question: Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Patty has five fingers on each hand.
Options: (A) acquired (B) inherited
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | Which holiday greeting is more formal? | [
"Happy 4th from the crew at Myra's.",
"Best wishes for an enjoyable Independence Day from the entire staff at Myra's Cafe."
] | B | closed choice | grade11 | language science | writing-strategies | Audience, purpose, and tone | Which text is most formal? | Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.
Formal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.
Compare the following sentences.
Informal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.
More formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.
Most formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners. | The second holiday greeting is more formal. It uses more elevated language (Independence Day, the entire staff). The other holiday greeting uses casual language (happy 4 th, the crew) that is more familiar in tone. | Context: N/A
Question: Which holiday greeting is more formal?
Options: (A) Happy 4th from the crew at Myra's. (B) Best wishes for an enjoyable Independence Day from the entire staff at Myra's Cafe.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which holiday greeting is more formal?
Options: (A) Happy 4th from the crew at Myra's. (B) Best wishes for an enjoyable Independence Day from the entire staff at Myra's Cafe.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Before Vicky had even met her future husband in person, she knew about his reputation as a Romeo. | [
"literature",
"British history"
] | A | closed choice | grade8 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Recall the source of an allusion | An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. | The source of the allusion Romeo is literature.
In William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is known for the eloquent declaration of love with which he woos Juliet.
The allusion Romeo means a man who is very romantic. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Before Vicky had even met her future husband in person, she knew about his reputation as a Romeo.
Options: (A) literature (B) British history
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Before Vicky had even met her future husband in person, she knew about his reputation as a Romeo.
Options: (A) literature (B) British history
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Using only these supplies, which question can Preston investigate with an experiment? | [
"Is the pet lizard more active when it is fed insects or lettuce?",
"Is the pet lizard more active when it is fed crickets or mealworms?",
"Is the pet lizard more active when its tank is heated with one heating lamp or with two heating lamps?"
] | B | Preston has a pet lizard. Preston notices that on some days, the lizard is active and runs around the tank. On other days, the lizard hardly moves at all. Preston wonders what factors affect how active his lizard is. So, he decides to design an experiment. He has the following supplies available:
one pet lizard
live crickets
live mealworms
one heating lamp | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | science-and-engineering-practices | Designing experiments | Identify questions that can be investigated with a set of materials | Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.
Imagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?
First, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.
Next, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.
So, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! | Context: Preston has a pet lizard. Preston notices that on some days, the lizard is active and runs around the tank. On other days, the lizard hardly moves at all. Preston wonders what factors affect how active his lizard is. So, he decides to design an experiment. He has the following supplies available:
one pet lizard
live crickets
live mealworms
one heating lamp
Question: Using only these supplies, which question can Preston investigate with an experiment?
Options: (A) Is the pet lizard more active when it is fed insects or lettuce? (B) Is the pet lizard more active when it is fed crickets or mealworms? (C) Is the pet lizard more active when its tank is heated with one heating lamp or with two heating lamps?
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Preston has a pet lizard. Preston notices that on some days, the lizard is active and runs around the tank. On other days, the lizard hardly moves at all. Preston wonders what factors affect how active his lizard is. So, he decides to design an experiment. He has the following supplies available:
one pet lizard
live crickets
live mealworms
one heating lamp
Question: Using only these supplies, which question can Preston investigate with an experiment?
Options: (A) Is the pet lizard more active when it is fed insects or lettuce? (B) Is the pet lizard more active when it is fed crickets or mealworms? (C) Is the pet lizard more active when its tank is heated with one heating lamp or with two heating lamps?
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which object has the most thermal energy? | [
"a cookie at a temperature of 6°C",
"a cookie at a temperature of 29°C",
"a cookie at a temperature of 22°C"
] | B | The objects are identical except for their temperatures. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | physics | Heat and thermal energy | How is temperature related to thermal energy? | All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.
Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. | All three cookies have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 29°C cookie is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy. | Context: The objects are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which object has the most thermal energy?
Options: (A) a cookie at a temperature of 6°C (B) a cookie at a temperature of 29°C (C) a cookie at a temperature of 22°C
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: The objects are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which object has the most thermal energy?
Options: (A) a cookie at a temperature of 6°C (B) a cookie at a temperature of 29°C (C) a cookie at a temperature of 22°C
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | Which type of sentence is this?
Since it takes approximately one thousand years for a used printer cartridge to decompose, recycling these plastic ink dispensers helps the environment. | [
"compound-complex",
"compound",
"complex",
"simple"
] | C | closed choice | grade10 | language science | grammar | Phrases and clauses | Is the sentence simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex? | A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.
An independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.
the oranges on our tree are ripe
The clause can stand alone. It is independent.
after we pick up Kevin from work
The clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.
A simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.
Ben and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.
Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.
In the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.
Ben usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.
A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.
We saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.
A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.
If she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.
During his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.
A compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
After Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.
Sometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.
Orcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. | The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction since.
Since it takes approximately one thousand years for a used printer cartridge to decompose, recycling these plastic ink dispensers helps the environment. | Context: N/A
Question: Which type of sentence is this?
Since it takes approximately one thousand years for a used printer cartridge to decompose, recycling these plastic ink dispensers helps the environment.
Options: (A) compound-complex (B) compound (C) complex (D) simple
| Answer: The answer is C. | Context: N/A
Question: Which type of sentence is this?
Since it takes approximately one thousand years for a used printer cartridge to decompose, recycling these plastic ink dispensers helps the environment.
Options: (A) compound-complex (B) compound (C) complex (D) simple
Answer: The answer is C. | ||
null | Select the one substance that is not a mineral. | [
"Galena is a solid. It is not made by living things.",
"Silk is not a pure substance. It is made by living things.",
"Calcite is a solid. It is a pure substance."
] | B | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | earth-science | Rocks and minerals | Identify minerals using properties | Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.
Minerals and rocks have the following properties:
Property | Mineral | Rock
It is a solid. | Yes | Yes
It is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes
It is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes
It is a pure substance. | Yes | No
It has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No
You can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.
Look closely at the last three properties:
Minerals and rocks are not made by organisms.
Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.
Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.
A mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.
A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.
A mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.
The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.
However, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! | Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.
Silk is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.
Silk is made by living things. But minerals are not made by living things.
So, silk is not a mineral.
Galena is a mineral.
Calcite is a mineral. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the one substance that is not a mineral.
Options: (A) Galena is a solid. It is not made by living things. (B) Silk is not a pure substance. It is made by living things. (C) Calcite is a solid. It is a pure substance.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the one substance that is not a mineral.
Options: (A) Galena is a solid. It is not made by living things. (B) Silk is not a pure substance. It is made by living things. (C) Calcite is a solid. It is a pure substance.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which correctly shows the title of a newspaper? | [
"New York Law Journal",
"New york Law journal"
] | A | closed choice | grade4 | language science | capitalization | Formatting | Capitalizing titles | In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.
The Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach
These words are not important in titles:
Articles, a, an, the
Short prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up
Coordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or | Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.
The correct title is New York Law Journal. | Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of a newspaper?
Options: (A) New York Law Journal (B) New york Law journal
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of a newspaper?
Options: (A) New York Law Journal (B) New york Law journal
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Complete the sentence.
A jack-o'-lantern rotting in the sun is a (). | [
"chemical change",
"physical change"
] | A | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | chemistry | Physical and chemical change | Identify physical and chemical changes | Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.
In a chemical change, the type of matter changes.
Burning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.
In a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.
Cutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.
Ice melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state. | A jack-o'-lantern rotting in the sun is a chemical change. The matter in the jack-o'-lantern breaks down. It turns into a different type of matter that is soft and smells bad. | Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence.
A jack-o'-lantern rotting in the sun is a ().
Options: (A) chemical change (B) physical change
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence.
A jack-o'-lantern rotting in the sun is a ().
Options: (A) chemical change (B) physical change
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which text uses the word nauseous in its traditional sense? | [
"Some people find caffeine nauseous, so they avoid coffee, soda, and energy drinks.",
"The high caffeine content in coffee, soda, and energy drinks can make some people nauseous."
] | A | closed choice | grade9 | language science | writing-strategies | Word usage and nuance | Explore words with new or contested usages | Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.
When a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.
Britney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.
The traditional usage above is considered more standard.
David perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.
The nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. | The second text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.
Some people find caffeine nauseous, so they avoid coffee, soda, and energy drinks.
The first text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.
The high caffeine content in coffee, soda, and energy drinks can make some people nauseous.
Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard. | Context: N/A
Question: Which text uses the word nauseous in its traditional sense?
Options: (A) Some people find caffeine nauseous, so they avoid coffee, soda, and energy drinks. (B) The high caffeine content in coffee, soda, and energy drinks can make some people nauseous.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which text uses the word nauseous in its traditional sense?
Options: (A) Some people find caffeine nauseous, so they avoid coffee, soda, and energy drinks. (B) The high caffeine content in coffee, soda, and energy drinks can make some people nauseous.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Select the invertebrate. | [
"American crocodile",
"bumble bee",
"hummingbird",
"lion"
] | B | Hint: Insects, spiders, and worms are invertebrates. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | biology | Classification | Identify vertebrates and invertebrates | Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.
A vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.
An invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body. | A hummingbird is a bird. Like other birds, a hummingbird is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.
A bumble bee is an insect. Like other insects, a bumble bee is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.
An American crocodile is a reptile. Like other reptiles, an American crocodile is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.
A lion is a mammal. Like other mammals, a lion is a vertebrate. It has a backbone. | Context: Hint: Insects, spiders, and worms are invertebrates.
Question: Select the invertebrate.
Options: (A) American crocodile (B) bumble bee (C) hummingbird (D) lion
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Hint: Insects, spiders, and worms are invertebrates.
Question: Select the invertebrate.
Options: (A) American crocodile (B) bumble bee (C) hummingbird (D) lion
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
The number of off-leash dogs I've seen in Booneville is completely unacceptable. Let's make our streets safe again by addressing this dog problem, before our city becomes a haven for criminals. | [
"false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other",
"red herring: the use of a completely unrelated topic or idea"
] | B | closed choice | grade8 | language science | writing-strategies | Developing and supporting arguments | Classify logical fallacies | A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.
A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:
Fallacy | Description
ad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent
appeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice
bandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice
circular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself
guilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something
red herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim
A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:
Fallacy | Description
false causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other
false dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist
hasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence
straw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against
| The text argues that off-leash dogs would somehow cause an increase in crime in Booneville. However, these two ideas aren't related. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a red herring. | Context: N/A
Question: Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
The number of off-leash dogs I've seen in Booneville is completely unacceptable. Let's make our streets safe again by addressing this dog problem, before our city becomes a haven for criminals.
Options: (A) false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other (B) red herring: the use of a completely unrelated topic or idea
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
The number of off-leash dogs I've seen in Booneville is completely unacceptable. Let's make our streets safe again by addressing this dog problem, before our city becomes a haven for criminals.
Options: (A) false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other (B) red herring: the use of a completely unrelated topic or idea
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | What do these two changes have in common?
water boiling on a stove
baking an apple pie | [
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are only physical changes."
] | C | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | chemistry | Chemical reactions | Compare physical and chemical changes | Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.
In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.
Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.
In a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.
A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.
The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. | Step 1: Think about each change.
Water boiling on the stove is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.
Baking an apple pie is a chemical change. The type of matter in the pie changes when it is baked. The crust turns brown, and the apples become soft.
Step 2: Look at each answer choice.
Both are only physical changes.
Water boiling is a physical change. But baking a pie is not.
Both are chemical changes.
Baking a pie is a chemical change. But water boiling is not.
Both are caused by heating.
Both changes are caused by heating.
Both are caused by cooling.
Neither change is caused by cooling. | Context: N/A
Question: What do these two changes have in common?
water boiling on a stove
baking an apple pie
Options: (A) Both are chemical changes. (B) Both are caused by cooling. (C) Both are caused by heating. (D) Both are only physical changes.
| Answer: The answer is C. | Context: N/A
Question: What do these two changes have in common?
water boiling on a stove
baking an apple pie
Options: (A) Both are chemical changes. (B) Both are caused by cooling. (C) Both are caused by heating. (D) Both are only physical changes.
Answer: The answer is C. | ||
null | Select the reptile. | [
"Banggai cardinalfish",
"seahorse",
"horned frog",
"Madagascar day gecko"
] | D | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | biology | Classification | Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians | Reptiles have scaly, waterproof skin. Most reptiles live on land. | A seahorse is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.
Seahorses live in shallow, warm water. They can use their tails to hold on to plants.
A Banggai cardinalfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.
Cardinalfish often live near coral reefs. They are nocturnal, which means that they are active mostly at night.
A Madagascar day gecko is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.
Many geckos have special pads on their toes. The pads help them climb up plants and rocks.
A horned frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.
Frogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the reptile.
Options: (A) Banggai cardinalfish (B) seahorse (C) horned frog (D) Madagascar day gecko
| Answer: The answer is D. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the reptile.
Options: (A) Banggai cardinalfish (B) seahorse (C) horned frog (D) Madagascar day gecko
Answer: The answer is D. | ||
null | How long is the Red Sea? | [
"2,245 centimeters",
"2,245 meters",
"2,245 millimeters",
"2,245 kilometers"
] | D | Select the best estimate. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose metric units of distance, mass, and volume | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
When you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.
The tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.
A red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. | The best estimate for the length of the Red Sea is 2,245 kilometers.
2,245 millimeters, 2,245 centimeters, and 2,245 meters are all too short. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: How long is the Red Sea?
Options: (A) 2,245 centimeters (B) 2,245 meters (C) 2,245 millimeters (D) 2,245 kilometers
| Answer: The answer is D. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: How long is the Red Sea?
Options: (A) 2,245 centimeters (B) 2,245 meters (C) 2,245 millimeters (D) 2,245 kilometers
Answer: The answer is D. | |
null | Which greeting is correct for a letter? | [
"Dear Mr. stephenson,",
"Dear Mr. Stephenson,"
] | B | closed choice | grade4 | language science | punctuation | Formatting | Greetings and closings of letters | A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.
Dear Aunt Sue,
I'm glad you could come to my party, and
thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have
asked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think
of you.
With love,
Rory | The second greeting is correct:
Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Mr. Stephenson is capitalized because it is a proper noun. | Context: N/A
Question: Which greeting is correct for a letter?
Options: (A) Dear Mr. stephenson, (B) Dear Mr. Stephenson,
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which greeting is correct for a letter?
Options: (A) Dear Mr. stephenson, (B) Dear Mr. Stephenson,
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which tense does the sentence use?
I will point her out to you. | [
"past tense",
"present tense",
"future tense"
] | C | closed choice | grade2 | language science | verbs | Verb tense | Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense? | Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.
Most present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.
Two verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.
Past tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.
Most past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.
Some verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.
Future tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.
All future-tense verbs use the word will.
Present | Past | Future
walk, walks | walked | will walk
go, goes | went | will go | The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, point. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. | Context: N/A
Question: Which tense does the sentence use?
I will point her out to you.
Options: (A) past tense (B) present tense (C) future tense
| Answer: The answer is C. | Context: N/A
Question: Which tense does the sentence use?
I will point her out to you.
Options: (A) past tense (B) present tense (C) future tense
Answer: The answer is C. | ||
null | What is the temperature of the air on a cold, snowy day? | [
"20°C",
"20°F"
] | B | Select the better estimate. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Estimate temperatures | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Temperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (°F) or Celsius (°C). Use the list below to compare the two units.
212°F | Water boils | 100°C
98.6°F | Body temperature | 37°C
68°F | Room temperature | 20°C
32°F | Water freezes | 0°C
| The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a cold, snowy day is 20°F.
20°C is too hot. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: What is the temperature of the air on a cold, snowy day?
Options: (A) 20°C (B) 20°F
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: What is the temperature of the air on a cold, snowy day?
Options: (A) 20°C (B) 20°F
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | Complete the statement.
Boron trifluoride is (). | [
"a compound",
"an elementary substance"
] | A | Boron trifluoride is used to make many types of chemicals, such as plastics. The chemical formula for boron trifluoride is BF3. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | chemistry | Atoms and molecules | Classify elementary substances and compounds using chemical formulas | Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.
Every chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.
The symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.
An elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.
The symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.
For example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.
The chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.
A compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.
For example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms. | You can tell whether boron trifluoride is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.
The chemical formula for boron trifluoride is BF3. This formula contains two symbols: B for boron and F for fluorine. So, the formula tells you that boron trifluoride is made of two chemical elements bonded together.
Substances made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, boron trifluoride is a compound. | Context: Boron trifluoride is used to make many types of chemicals, such as plastics. The chemical formula for boron trifluoride is BF3.
Question: Complete the statement.
Boron trifluoride is ().
Options: (A) a compound (B) an elementary substance
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Boron trifluoride is used to make many types of chemicals, such as plastics. The chemical formula for boron trifluoride is BF3.
Question: Complete the statement.
Boron trifluoride is ().
Options: (A) a compound (B) an elementary substance
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Complete the sentence.
Photosynthesis is a (). | [
"physical change",
"chemical change"
] | B | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | chemistry | Chemical reactions | Compare physical and chemical changes | Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.
In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.
Burning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.
In a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.
A change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water. | Photosynthesis is a chemical change. Plants make sugar using carbon dioxide, water, and energy from sunlight. | Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence.
Photosynthesis is a ().
Options: (A) physical change (B) chemical change
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence.
Photosynthesis is a ().
Options: (A) physical change (B) chemical change
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which figure of speech is used in this text?
Sally's Bistro used to be a great place to go for a delicious and carefully prepared dinner, but nobody goes there anymore: it's too crowded. | [
"paradox",
"oxymoron"
] | A | closed choice | grade9 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Classify figures of speech: euphemism, hyperbole, oxymoron, paradox | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
A euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.
The head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.
Hyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.
I ate so much that I think I might explode!
An oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.
Some reviewers are calling this book a new classic.
A paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.
Always expect the unexpected. | The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.
Nobody goes there anymore: it's too crowded at first appears to be contradictory, because if no one goes to the restaurant, then the restaurant should be empty, not crowded. However, it contains some truth: if a restaurant is frequently perceived to be too crowded, many people will no longer want to go there. | Context: N/A
Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
Sally's Bistro used to be a great place to go for a delicious and carefully prepared dinner, but nobody goes there anymore: it's too crowded.
Options: (A) paradox (B) oxymoron
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
Sally's Bistro used to be a great place to go for a delicious and carefully prepared dinner, but nobody goes there anymore: it's too crowded.
Options: (A) paradox (B) oxymoron
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | The Second Amendment protects "the right of the people to keep and bear arms." What does "bear arms" mean in this case? | [
"own weapons",
"wear shirts without sleeves",
"hunt bears",
"join the army"
] | A | closed choice | grade6 | social science | civics | The Constitution | The Bill of Rights | The Second Amendment says that the American people have the right to own weapons. The text uses the phrase, "bear arms." To bear something is to have or hold it. The authors of the amendment understood "arms" to include the type of weapons we now call guns. The complete text of the Second Amendment is below. According to the text, why is it important for Americans to have the right to own weapons? A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. | Context: N/A
Question: The Second Amendment protects "the right of the people to keep and bear arms." What does "bear arms" mean in this case?
Options: (A) own weapons (B) wear shirts without sleeves (C) hunt bears (D) join the army
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: The Second Amendment protects "the right of the people to keep and bear arms." What does "bear arms" mean in this case?
Options: (A) own weapons (B) wear shirts without sleeves (C) hunt bears (D) join the army
Answer: The answer is A. | |||
null | Select the reptile. | [
"Hermann's tortoise",
"bottlenose dolphin",
"zebra",
"European green toad"
] | A | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | biology | Classification | Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians | Reptiles have scaly, waterproof skin. Most reptiles live on land. | A European green toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.
Toads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.
A bottlenose dolphin is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.
Dolphins may look like sharks or other fish, but they are mammals! When a baby dolphin is born, it has hair around its jaw. This hair falls out as the dolphin grows.
A Hermann's tortoise is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.
A tortoise's shell protects it from predators. When a tortoise feels threatened, it can pull its head and legs inside its shell.
A zebra is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.
Zebras eat mostly grass. But they sometimes eat other types of plants, such as shrubs or tree bark. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the reptile.
Options: (A) Hermann's tortoise (B) bottlenose dolphin (C) zebra (D) European green toad
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the reptile.
Options: (A) Hermann's tortoise (B) bottlenose dolphin (C) zebra (D) European green toad
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which word does not rhyme? | [
"feed",
"keep",
"seed"
] | B | closed choice | grade2 | language science | phonological-awareness | Rhyming | Which word does not rhyme? | Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.
The words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.
The words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.
The words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds. | The words feed and seed rhyme. They both end with the eed sound.
The word keep does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word does not rhyme?
Options: (A) feed (B) keep (C) seed
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word does not rhyme?
Options: (A) feed (B) keep (C) seed
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which phrase has a more negative connotation? | [
"a persistent employee",
"a bullheaded employee"
] | B | closed choice | grade6 | language science | vocabulary | Shades of meaning | Positive and negative connotation | Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.
For example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.
Eager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.
Impatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding. | A bullheaded employee has a more negative connotation. Bullheaded and persistent both denote not backing down. However, bullheaded describes a person who is overly stubborn, while persistent describes a person who is determined and tenacious. | Context: N/A
Question: Which phrase has a more negative connotation?
Options: (A) a persistent employee (B) a bullheaded employee
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which phrase has a more negative connotation?
Options: (A) a persistent employee (B) a bullheaded employee
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | How long is a hammer? | [
"18 meters",
"18 kilometers",
"18 millimeters",
"18 centimeters"
] | D | Select the best estimate. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose metric units of distance, mass, and volume | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
When you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.
The tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.
A red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. | The best estimate for the length of a hammer is 18 centimeters.
18 millimeters is too short. 18 meters and 18 kilometers are too long. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: How long is a hammer?
Options: (A) 18 meters (B) 18 kilometers (C) 18 millimeters (D) 18 centimeters
| Answer: The answer is D. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: How long is a hammer?
Options: (A) 18 meters (B) 18 kilometers (C) 18 millimeters (D) 18 centimeters
Answer: The answer is D. | |
null | What kind of sentence is this?
Helen considers Paris the most romantic city in the world. | [
"exclamatory",
"declarative",
"interrogative"
] | B | closed choice | grade9 | language science | punctuation | Sentences, fragments, and run-ons | Is the sentence declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory? | There are four kinds of sentences.
A declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.
The nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.
An imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.
For this assignment, use references to support your claims.
Don't drive so quickly in the construction zone!
An interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.
Given the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?
An exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.
I can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! | The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence. | Context: N/A
Question: What kind of sentence is this?
Helen considers Paris the most romantic city in the world.
Options: (A) exclamatory (B) declarative (C) interrogative
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: What kind of sentence is this?
Helen considers Paris the most romantic city in the world.
Options: (A) exclamatory (B) declarative (C) interrogative
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which object has less thermal energy? | [
"a 250-gram mug of cocoa at a temperature of 90°F",
"a 250-gram mug of cocoa at a temperature of 95°F"
] | A | The objects are identical except for their temperatures. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | physics | Heat and thermal energy | How is temperature related to thermal energy? | All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.
Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature. | The two mugs of cocoa have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 90°F mug of cocoa is colder than the 95°F mug of cocoa, it has less thermal energy. | Context: The objects are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which object has less thermal energy?
Options: (A) a 250-gram mug of cocoa at a temperature of 90°F (B) a 250-gram mug of cocoa at a temperature of 95°F
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: The objects are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which object has less thermal energy?
Options: (A) a 250-gram mug of cocoa at a temperature of 90°F (B) a 250-gram mug of cocoa at a temperature of 95°F
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Which word does not rhyme? | [
"pine",
"dine",
"cane"
] | C | closed choice | grade2 | language science | phonological-awareness | Rhyming | Which word does not rhyme? | Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.
The words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.
The words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.
The words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds. | The words pine and dine rhyme. They both end with the ine sound.
The word cane does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word does not rhyme?
Options: (A) pine (B) dine (C) cane
| Answer: The answer is C. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word does not rhyme?
Options: (A) pine (B) dine (C) cane
Answer: The answer is C. | ||
null | Which object has the least thermal energy? | [
"a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 87°F",
"a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 103°F",
"a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 101°F"
] | A | The objects are identical except for their temperatures. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | physics | Heat and thermal energy | How is temperature related to thermal energy? | All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.
Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature. | All three bowls of oatmeal have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 87°F bowl of oatmeal is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy. | Context: The objects are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which object has the least thermal energy?
Options: (A) a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 87°F (B) a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 103°F (C) a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 101°F
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: The objects are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which object has the least thermal energy?
Options: (A) a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 87°F (B) a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 103°F (C) a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 101°F
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | What information supports the conclusion that Susan inherited this trait? | [
"Susan's biological parents have red hair. Susan also has red hair.",
"Susan's biological mother often wears her straight hair in a ponytail.",
"Susan's neighbor also has straight hair."
] | B | Read the description of a trait.
Susan has straight hair. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement | Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. | Context: Read the description of a trait.
Susan has straight hair.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Susan inherited this trait?
Options: (A) Susan's biological parents have red hair. Susan also has red hair. (B) Susan's biological mother often wears her straight hair in a ponytail. (C) Susan's neighbor also has straight hair.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Read the description of a trait.
Susan has straight hair.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Susan inherited this trait?
Options: (A) Susan's biological parents have red hair. Susan also has red hair. (B) Susan's biological mother often wears her straight hair in a ponytail. (C) Susan's neighbor also has straight hair.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Based on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the fruit texture trait? | [
"fuzzy fruit",
"smooth fruit"
] | A | In a group of tomato plants, some individuals have smooth fruit and others have fuzzy fruit. In this group, the gene for the fruit texture trait has two alleles. The allele for smooth fruit (F) is dominant over the allele for fuzzy fruit (f).
A certain tomato plant from this group has the homozygous genotype ff for the fruit texture gene. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.
Some traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.
An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.
An organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.
The types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.
A dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.
A recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. | The tomato plant's genotype for the fruit texture gene is ff. The tomato plant's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for fuzzy fruit. So, the tomato plant's phenotype for the fruit texture trait must be fuzzy fruit.
To check this answer, consider whether the tomato plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for smooth fruit (F) is dominant over the allele for fuzzy fruit (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.
The tomato plant's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the tomato plant's phenotype for the fruit texture trait must be fuzzy fruit. | Context: In a group of tomato plants, some individuals have smooth fruit and others have fuzzy fruit. In this group, the gene for the fruit texture trait has two alleles. The allele for smooth fruit (F) is dominant over the allele for fuzzy fruit (f).
A certain tomato plant from this group has the homozygous genotype ff for the fruit texture gene.
Question: Based on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the fruit texture trait?
Options: (A) fuzzy fruit (B) smooth fruit
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: In a group of tomato plants, some individuals have smooth fruit and others have fuzzy fruit. In this group, the gene for the fruit texture trait has two alleles. The allele for smooth fruit (F) is dominant over the allele for fuzzy fruit (f).
A certain tomato plant from this group has the homozygous genotype ff for the fruit texture gene.
Question: Based on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the fruit texture trait?
Options: (A) fuzzy fruit (B) smooth fruit
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? | [
"David and Eric drove together, so this sweatshirt is probably David's.",
"David and Eric drove together, so this sweatshirt is probably his."
] | B | closed choice | grade6 | language science | pronouns | Pronouns and antecedents | Identify vague pronoun references | When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.
The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:
1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.
2. Rewrite the sentence:
Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.
A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.
They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.
The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.
The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. | The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun his could refer to David's or Eric's.
The second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. His has been replaced with David's.
David and Eric drove together, so this sweatshirt is probably David's. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) David and Eric drove together, so this sweatshirt is probably David's. (B) David and Eric drove together, so this sweatshirt is probably his.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) David and Eric drove together, so this sweatshirt is probably David's. (B) David and Eric drove together, so this sweatshirt is probably his.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Based on this information, what is Kraken's phenotype for the tail spots trait? | [
"a spotted tail",
"an unspotted tail"
] | A | In a group of guppies, some individuals have a spotted tail and others have an unspotted tail. In this group, the gene for the tail spots trait has two alleles. The allele for a spotted tail (I) is dominant over the allele for an unspotted tail (i).
Kraken is a guppy from this group. Kraken has the homozygous genotype II for the tail spots gene. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.
Some traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.
An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.
An organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.
The types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.
A dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.
A recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. | Kraken's genotype for the tail spots gene is II. Kraken's genotype of II has only I allelles. The I allele is for a spotted tail. So, Kraken's phenotype for the tail spots trait must be a spotted tail.
To check this answer, consider whether Kraken's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a spotted tail (I) is dominant over the allele for an unspotted tail (i). This means I is a dominant allele, and i is a recessive allele.
Kraken's genotype of II has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Kraken's phenotype for the tail spots trait must be a spotted tail. | Context: In a group of guppies, some individuals have a spotted tail and others have an unspotted tail. In this group, the gene for the tail spots trait has two alleles. The allele for a spotted tail (I) is dominant over the allele for an unspotted tail (i).
Kraken is a guppy from this group. Kraken has the homozygous genotype II for the tail spots gene.
Question: Based on this information, what is Kraken's phenotype for the tail spots trait?
Options: (A) a spotted tail (B) an unspotted tail
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: In a group of guppies, some individuals have a spotted tail and others have an unspotted tail. In this group, the gene for the tail spots trait has two alleles. The allele for a spotted tail (I) is dominant over the allele for an unspotted tail (i).
Kraken is a guppy from this group. Kraken has the homozygous genotype II for the tail spots gene.
Question: Based on this information, what is Kraken's phenotype for the tail spots trait?
Options: (A) a spotted tail (B) an unspotted tail
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | What is the mass of a small candy bar? | [
"30 kilograms",
"30 grams"
] | B | Select the better estimate. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose metric units of mass | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Mass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.
There are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.
There are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.
A paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram. | The better estimate for the mass of a small candy bar is 30 grams.
30 kilograms is too heavy. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: What is the mass of a small candy bar?
Options: (A) 30 kilograms (B) 30 grams
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: What is the mass of a small candy bar?
Options: (A) 30 kilograms (B) 30 grams
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Shelley has naturally pale skin. | [
"inherited",
"acquired"
] | A | Hint: Humans are born with their skin color. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | biology | Traits and heredity | Identify inherited and acquired traits | Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. | Humans do not choose their skin color. Babies get their skin color from their parents. So, Shelley's skin color is an inherited trait. | Context: Hint: Humans are born with their skin color.
Question: Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Shelley has naturally pale skin.
Options: (A) inherited (B) acquired
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Hint: Humans are born with their skin color.
Question: Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Shelley has naturally pale skin.
Options: (A) inherited (B) acquired
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Select the animal that has a backbone. | [
"fly",
"human"
] | B | Hint: Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians all have backbones. | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | biology | Classification | Identify animals with and without backbones | Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.
Other animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body. | A human is a mammal. Like other mammals, a human has a backbone.
A fly is an insect. Like other insects, a fly does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover. | Context: Hint: Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians all have backbones.
Question: Select the animal that has a backbone.
Options: (A) fly (B) human
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Hint: Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians all have backbones.
Question: Select the animal that has a backbone.
Options: (A) fly (B) human
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? | [
"It explains how to install the new software and download add-ons.",
"The website explains how to install the new software and download add-ons."
] | A | closed choice | grade7 | language science | writing-strategies | Pronouns and antecedents | Identify vague pronoun references | When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.
The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:
1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.
2. Rewrite the sentence:
Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.
A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.
They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.
The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.
The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. | The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.
The second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the website.
The website explains how to install the new software and download add-ons. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) It explains how to install the new software and download add-ons. (B) The website explains how to install the new software and download add-ons.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) It explains how to install the new software and download add-ons. (B) The website explains how to install the new software and download add-ons.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Jenny was known among her coworkers for her spartan ways. | [
"Shakespeare",
"Greek history"
] | B | closed choice | grade7 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Recall the source of an allusion | An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. | The source of the allusion spartan is Greek history.
Soldiers from the city of Sparta in ancient Greece were known for their self-restraint, self-discipline, and indifference to luxury.
The allusion spartan means simple and austere. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Jenny was known among her coworkers for her spartan ways.
Options: (A) Shakespeare (B) Greek history
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Jenny was known among her coworkers for her spartan ways.
Options: (A) Shakespeare (B) Greek history
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Does the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?
From across the room, Uncle Logan's laughter was booming thunder. | [
"simile",
"metaphor"
] | B | closed choice | grade4 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Identify similes and metaphors | Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.
A simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.
My sister runs like a cheetah.
The sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.
A cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.
The cat's fur was as dark as the night.
The cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.
The night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.
A metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.
The snow formed a blanket over the town.
The snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.
A blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.
Using similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader. | From across the room, Uncle Logan's laughter was booming thunder.
The words laughter and thunder are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor. | Context: N/A
Question: Does the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?
From across the room, Uncle Logan's laughter was booming thunder.
Options: (A) simile (B) metaphor
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Does the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?
From across the room, Uncle Logan's laughter was booming thunder.
Options: (A) simile (B) metaphor
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which closing is correct for a letter? | [
"With Love,\nDevin",
"With love,\nDevin"
] | B | closed choice | grade3 | language science | punctuation | Formatting | Greetings and closings of letters | A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.
Dear Aunt Sue,
I'm glad you could come to my party, and
thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have
asked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think
of you.
With love,
Rory | The first closing is correct:
Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. | Context: N/A
Question: Which closing is correct for a letter?
Options: (A) With Love,
Devin (B) With love,
Devin
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which closing is correct for a letter?
Options: (A) With Love,
Devin (B) With love,
Devin
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
galleon - glorious | [
"gently",
"goose"
] | A | closed choice | grade4 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since gently is between the guide words galleon - glorious, it would be found on that page. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
galleon - glorious
Options: (A) gently (B) goose
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
galleon - glorious
Options: (A) gently (B) goose
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Assume all other forces on Latrell are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Latrell? | [
"The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Latrell.",
"The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Latrell."
] | A | Latrell is standing on a diving board at the pool. Earth's gravity is pulling down on Latrell with a force of 400N. The diving board is pushing up on Latrell with a force of 400N. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | physics | Velocity, acceleration, and forces | Balanced and unbalanced forces | A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.
When opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.
When opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object. | To determine if there is a net force on Latrell, look at the forces:
Earth's gravity is pulling Latrell down with a force of 400 N.
The diving board is pushing Latrell up with a force of 400 N.
The forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 400 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Latrell. | Context: Latrell is standing on a diving board at the pool. Earth's gravity is pulling down on Latrell with a force of 400N. The diving board is pushing up on Latrell with a force of 400N.
Question: Assume all other forces on Latrell are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Latrell?
Options: (A) The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Latrell. (B) The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Latrell.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Latrell is standing on a diving board at the pool. Earth's gravity is pulling down on Latrell with a force of 400N. The diving board is pushing up on Latrell with a force of 400N.
Question: Assume all other forces on Latrell are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Latrell?
Options: (A) The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Latrell. (B) The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Latrell.
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Frank's Falstaffian nature makes him stand out at a party. | [
"Shakespeare",
"the Bible"
] | A | closed choice | grade12 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Recall the source of an allusion | An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.
The protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.
The word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux. | The source of the allusion Falstaffian is Shakespeare.
Sir John Falstaff, a comical character in several of William Shakespeare's plays, is known for his cheerful sociability and sometimes off-color humor.
The allusion Falstaffian means characterized by joviality and enjoyment of food and drink. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Frank's Falstaffian nature makes him stand out at a party.
Options: (A) Shakespeare (B) the Bible
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Frank's Falstaffian nature makes him stand out at a party.
Options: (A) Shakespeare (B) the Bible
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which type of sentence is this?
As Brian sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him. | [
"simple",
"compound-complex",
"complex",
"compound"
] | C | closed choice | grade8 | language science | grammar | Phrases and clauses | Is the sentence simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex? | A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.
An independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.
the oranges on our tree are ripe
The clause can stand alone. It is independent.
after we pick up Kevin from work
The clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.
A simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.
Ben and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.
Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.
In the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.
Ben usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.
A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.
We saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.
A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.
If she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.
During his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.
A compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
After Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.
Sometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.
Orcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. | The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.
As Brian sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him. | Context: N/A
Question: Which type of sentence is this?
As Brian sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.
Options: (A) simple (B) compound-complex (C) complex (D) compound
| Answer: The answer is C. | Context: N/A
Question: Which type of sentence is this?
As Brian sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.
Options: (A) simple (B) compound-complex (C) complex (D) compound
Answer: The answer is C. | ||
null | Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
dreadful - dye | [
"dodge",
"dump"
] | B | closed choice | grade5 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since dump is between the guide words dreadful - dye, it would be found on that page. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
dreadful - dye
Options: (A) dodge (B) dump
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
dreadful - dye
Options: (A) dodge (B) dump
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which figure of speech is used in this text?
Mia's sweater shrank just a bit. It fits her baby sister now. | [
"apostrophe",
"understatement"
] | B | closed choice | grade12 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Classify the figure of speech: anaphora, antithesis, apostrophe, assonance, chiasmus, understatement | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
Anaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.
We are united. We are powerful. We are winners.
Antithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.
I want to help, not to hurt.
Apostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.
Oh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?
Assonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.
Try to light the fire.
Chiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.
Never let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.
Understatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.
As you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. | The text uses understatement, which involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.
Shrank just a bit is an understatement, since the baby is presumably much smaller than Mia. | Context: N/A
Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
Mia's sweater shrank just a bit. It fits her baby sister now.
Options: (A) apostrophe (B) understatement
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
Mia's sweater shrank just a bit. It fits her baby sister now.
Options: (A) apostrophe (B) understatement
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | How long does it take to fry an egg in a pan? | [
"4 seconds",
"4 minutes"
] | B | Select the better estimate. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose units of time | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Imagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?
The number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.
Time is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.
There are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.
There are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour. | The better estimate for how long it takes to fry an egg in a pan is 4 minutes.
4 seconds is too fast. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: How long does it take to fry an egg in a pan?
Options: (A) 4 seconds (B) 4 minutes
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: How long does it take to fry an egg in a pan?
Options: (A) 4 seconds (B) 4 minutes
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | Which is a sentence fragment? | [
"Over the summer, my cousin Brooke visited many times.",
"A beautiful desert in the middle of the country."
] | B | closed choice | grade3 | language science | writing-strategies | Sentences, fragments, and run-ons | Is it a complete sentence, a fragment, or a run-on? | A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.
My friends walk along the path.
A sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.
Knows the answer.
This is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.
Who knows the answer? She knows the answer.
The bright red car.
This is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.
What did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.
A run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.
I knocked on the door it opened.
It started raining, we ran inside.
To fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.
I knocked on the door. It opened.
It started raining. We ran inside.
You can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.
I knocked on the door, and it opened.
It started raining, so we ran inside. | A beautiful desert in the middle of the country is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is a sentence fragment?
Options: (A) Over the summer, my cousin Brooke visited many times. (B) A beautiful desert in the middle of the country.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is a sentence fragment?
Options: (A) Over the summer, my cousin Brooke visited many times. (B) A beautiful desert in the middle of the country.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | The movers lift the boxes at the same speed. Which box is lifted with a larger force? | [
"a box holding 42 pounds",
"a box holding 39 pounds"
] | A | Two movers are putting heavy boxes into their truck. The boxes are the same shape and size. Each mover lifts one box up into the truck at a time. | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | physics | Force and motion | How do mass and force affect motion? | A force is a push or a pull.
A force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.
Forces can be different sizes.
Think about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object. | Look for the box that is heavier.
A box holding 42 pounds is heavier than a box holding 39 pounds. So, the box holding 42 pounds needs a larger force to start moving upward at the same speed as the other box. | Context: Two movers are putting heavy boxes into their truck. The boxes are the same shape and size. Each mover lifts one box up into the truck at a time.
Question: The movers lift the boxes at the same speed. Which box is lifted with a larger force?
Options: (A) a box holding 42 pounds (B) a box holding 39 pounds
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Two movers are putting heavy boxes into their truck. The boxes are the same shape and size. Each mover lifts one box up into the truck at a time.
Question: The movers lift the boxes at the same speed. Which box is lifted with a larger force?
Options: (A) a box holding 42 pounds (B) a box holding 39 pounds
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Greta was known among her coworkers for her spartan ways. | [
"Shakespeare",
"Greek history"
] | B | closed choice | grade8 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Recall the source of an allusion | An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. | The source of the allusion spartan is Greek history.
Soldiers from the city of Sparta in ancient Greece were known for their self-restraint, self-discipline, and indifference to luxury.
The allusion spartan means simple and austere. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Greta was known among her coworkers for her spartan ways.
Options: (A) Shakespeare (B) Greek history
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Greta was known among her coworkers for her spartan ways.
Options: (A) Shakespeare (B) Greek history
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | What information supports the conclusion that Beth acquired this trait? | [
"Beth's mother speaks one language.",
"Beth learned to speak two languages in school."
] | B | Read the description of a trait.
Beth speaks two languages. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | biology | Heredity | Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement | Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. | Context: Read the description of a trait.
Beth speaks two languages.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Beth acquired this trait?
Options: (A) Beth's mother speaks one language. (B) Beth learned to speak two languages in school.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Read the description of a trait.
Beth speaks two languages.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Beth acquired this trait?
Options: (A) Beth's mother speaks one language. (B) Beth learned to speak two languages in school.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Select the solid. | [
"air inside a beach ball",
"chocolate syrup",
"apple juice",
"thread"
] | D | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | physics | States of matter | Identify solids, liquids, and gases | Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.
When matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.
Some solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.
When matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.
Some liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.
When matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.
Many gases are invisible. Air is a gas. | Apple juice is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour apple juice into a different container, the apple juice will take the shape of that container. But the apple juice will still take up the same amount of space.
The air inside a beach ball is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air fills all the space inside the beach ball. If air leaks out, it will expand into the space around the ball.
Chocolate syrup is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour chocolate syrup into a container, the chocolate syrup will take the shape of that container. But the chocolate syrup will still take up the same amount of space.
Thread is a solid that can be bent or tangled. But it still has a size and shape of its own. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the solid.
Options: (A) air inside a beach ball (B) chocolate syrup (C) apple juice (D) thread
| Answer: The answer is D. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the solid.
Options: (A) air inside a beach ball (B) chocolate syrup (C) apple juice (D) thread
Answer: The answer is D. | ||
null | What is the mass of a full box of cereal? | [
"20 ounces",
"20 pounds",
"20 tons"
] | A | Select the best estimate. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose customary units of mass | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Mass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.
There are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.
There are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.
So, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.
A slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. | The best estimate for the mass of a full box of cereal is 20 ounces.
20 pounds and 20 tons are both too heavy. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: What is the mass of a full box of cereal?
Options: (A) 20 ounces (B) 20 pounds (C) 20 tons
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: What is the mass of a full box of cereal?
Options: (A) 20 ounces (B) 20 pounds (C) 20 tons
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | In the 1760s, smuggling was an important part of the colonial economy. What does smuggling mean? | [
"stealing goods from foreign merchants",
"shipping goods secretly or illegally",
"producing metal from minerals and rocks",
"trading one good for another without the use of money"
] | B | closed choice | grade4 | social science | us-history | The American Revolution | The American Revolution: New British taxes | Smuggling means shipping goods into or out of a place secretly or illegally.
Why did the colonists smuggle?
Smuggling was a way for the colonists to trade with anyone they wanted. British laws often said the colonies could only trade with Great Britain or British colonies. Smugglers ignored these laws and traded with other countries anyway.
Smuggling was also a way for colonial merchants to avoid paying taxes. If the British tax collectors did not know a product was coming into the colonies, they had no way to tax it. | Context: N/A
Question: In the 1760s, smuggling was an important part of the colonial economy. What does smuggling mean?
Options: (A) stealing goods from foreign merchants (B) shipping goods secretly or illegally (C) producing metal from minerals and rocks (D) trading one good for another without the use of money
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: In the 1760s, smuggling was an important part of the colonial economy. What does smuggling mean?
Options: (A) stealing goods from foreign merchants (B) shipping goods secretly or illegally (C) producing metal from minerals and rocks (D) trading one good for another without the use of money
Answer: The answer is B. | |||
null | Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? | [
"Sophia took the memory card out of the digital camera and put the card in her desk drawer.",
"Sophia took the memory card out of the digital camera and put it in her desk drawer."
] | B | closed choice | grade11 | language science | writing-strategies | Pronouns | Identify vague pronoun references | When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.
The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:
1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.
2. Rewrite the sentence:
Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.
A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.
They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.
The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.
The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. | The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the memory card or the digital camera.
The second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the card.
Sophia took the memory card out of the digital camera and put the card in her desk drawer. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) Sophia took the memory card out of the digital camera and put the card in her desk drawer. (B) Sophia took the memory card out of the digital camera and put it in her desk drawer.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) Sophia took the memory card out of the digital camera and put the card in her desk drawer. (B) Sophia took the memory card out of the digital camera and put it in her desk drawer.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Mr. Nolan has a reputation as a Scrooge, so our club has stopped asking him for donations. | [
"the Bible",
"literature"
] | B | closed choice | grade8 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Recall the source of an allusion | An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. | The source of the allusion Scrooge is literature.
The novella A Christmas Carol, by Charles Dickens, tells the story of the penny-pinching and bitter Ebenezer Scrooge, who values money more than people.
The allusion Scrooge means a person who isn't generous. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Mr. Nolan has a reputation as a Scrooge, so our club has stopped asking him for donations.
Options: (A) the Bible (B) literature
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Mr. Nolan has a reputation as a Scrooge, so our club has stopped asking him for donations.
Options: (A) the Bible (B) literature
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which word does not rhyme? | [
"drink",
"thank",
"yank"
] | A | closed choice | grade2 | language science | phonological-awareness | Rhyming | Which word does not rhyme? | Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.
The words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.
The words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.
The words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds. | The words thank and yank rhyme. They both end with the ank sound.
The word drink does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word does not rhyme?
Options: (A) drink (B) thank (C) yank
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word does not rhyme?
Options: (A) drink (B) thank (C) yank
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which closing is correct for a letter? | [
"See you soon,\nDustin",
"See You Soon,\nDustin"
] | A | closed choice | grade3 | language science | punctuation | Formatting | Greetings and closings of letters | A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.
Dear Aunt Sue,
I'm glad you could come to my party, and
thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have
asked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think
of you.
With love,
Rory | The second closing is correct:
Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. | Context: N/A
Question: Which closing is correct for a letter?
Options: (A) See you soon,
Dustin (B) See You Soon,
Dustin
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which closing is correct for a letter?
Options: (A) See you soon,
Dustin (B) See You Soon,
Dustin
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Based on this information, what is Salem's phenotype for the agouti fur trait? | [
"not having agouti fur",
"having agouti fur"
] | A | This passage describes the agouti fur trait in cats:
In a group of cats, some individuals have agouti fur and others do not. In this group, the gene for the agouti fur trait has two alleles. The allele for not having agouti fur (a) is recessive to the allele for having agouti fur (A).
Salem is a cat from this group. Salem has the homozygous genotype aa for the agouti fur gene. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.
Some traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.
An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.
An organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.
The types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.
A dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.
A recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. | Salem's genotype for the agouti fur gene is aa. Salem's genotype of aa has only a alleles. The a allele is for not having agouti fur. So, Salem's phenotype for the agouti fur trait must be not having agouti fur.
To check this answer, consider whether Salem's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for not having agouti fur (a) is recessive to the allele for having agouti fur (A). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.
Salem's genotype of aa has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Salem's phenotype for the agouti fur trait must be not having agouti fur. | Context: This passage describes the agouti fur trait in cats:
In a group of cats, some individuals have agouti fur and others do not. In this group, the gene for the agouti fur trait has two alleles. The allele for not having agouti fur (a) is recessive to the allele for having agouti fur (A).
Salem is a cat from this group. Salem has the homozygous genotype aa for the agouti fur gene.
Question: Based on this information, what is Salem's phenotype for the agouti fur trait?
Options: (A) not having agouti fur (B) having agouti fur
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: This passage describes the agouti fur trait in cats:
In a group of cats, some individuals have agouti fur and others do not. In this group, the gene for the agouti fur trait has two alleles. The allele for not having agouti fur (a) is recessive to the allele for having agouti fur (A).
Salem is a cat from this group. Salem has the homozygous genotype aa for the agouti fur gene.
Question: Based on this information, what is Salem's phenotype for the agouti fur trait?
Options: (A) not having agouti fur (B) having agouti fur
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Which is a complete sentence? | [
"The large mammals of the grasslands of Africa.",
"Grandma Bella and Grandpa Fred kiss the children before bed."
] | B | closed choice | grade3 | language science | writing-strategies | Sentences, fragments, and run-ons | Is it a complete sentence, a fragment, or a run-on? | A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.
My friends walk along the path.
A sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.
Knows the answer.
This is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.
Who knows the answer? She knows the answer.
The bright red car.
This is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.
What did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.
A run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.
I knocked on the door it opened.
It started raining, we ran inside.
To fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.
I knocked on the door. It opened.
It started raining. We ran inside.
You can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.
I knocked on the door, and it opened.
It started raining, so we ran inside. | Grandma Bella and Grandpa Fred kiss the children before bed is a complete sentence. The subject is Grandma Bella and Grandpa Fred, and the verb is kiss. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is a complete sentence?
Options: (A) The large mammals of the grasslands of Africa. (B) Grandma Bella and Grandpa Fred kiss the children before bed.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is a complete sentence?
Options: (A) The large mammals of the grasslands of Africa. (B) Grandma Bella and Grandpa Fred kiss the children before bed.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Would you find the word softly on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
seventh - sting | [
"yes",
"no"
] | A | yes or no | grade2 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since softly is between the guide words seventh - sting, it would be found on that page. | Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word softly on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
seventh - sting
Options: (A) yes (B) no
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word softly on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
seventh - sting
Options: (A) yes (B) no
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
According to Mr. Austin's kids, his snoring is as quiet as a jackhammer. | [
"The snoring occurs in bursts.",
"The snoring is loud."
] | B | closed choice | grade10 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Interpret figures of speech | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
Verbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.
Olivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.
Each breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. | The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.
As quiet as a jackhammer suggests that the snoring is loud. A jackhammer is not quiet, and neither is Mr. Austin's snoring. | Context: N/A
Question: What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
According to Mr. Austin's kids, his snoring is as quiet as a jackhammer.
Options: (A) The snoring occurs in bursts. (B) The snoring is loud.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
According to Mr. Austin's kids, his snoring is as quiet as a jackhammer.
Options: (A) The snoring occurs in bursts. (B) The snoring is loud.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which sentence states a fact? | [
"The Phantom of the Opera became the longest running show in Broadway history on January 9, 2006.",
"The Phantom of the Opera has the perfect mix of singing, acting, and dancing."
] | A | closed choice | grade12 | language science | writing-strategies | Developing and supporting arguments | Distinguish facts from opinions | Statements of fact make claims that are based on research, observation, or experimentation. Facts can be proved with evidence.
Napoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.
This statement is a fact. The statement can be verified by researching and comparing the height of each man.
Statements of opinion make claims that are based on personal judgments or perspectives. Opinions can be supported by evidence, but they cannot be definitively proved.
Napoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.
This statement is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a "better" leader, so the statement cannot be proved. | The second sentence states a fact. It can be verified by looking up when The Phantom of the Opera became the longest running show on Broadway.
The Phantom of the Opera became the longest running show in Broadway history on January 9, 2006.
The first sentence states an opinion. The perfect mix indicates a personal judgment.
The Phantom of the Opera has the perfect mix of singing, acting, and dancing. | Context: N/A
Question: Which sentence states a fact?
Options: (A) The Phantom of the Opera became the longest running show in Broadway history on January 9, 2006. (B) The Phantom of the Opera has the perfect mix of singing, acting, and dancing.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which sentence states a fact?
Options: (A) The Phantom of the Opera became the longest running show in Broadway history on January 9, 2006. (B) The Phantom of the Opera has the perfect mix of singing, acting, and dancing.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | What is the volume of a water balloon? | [
"515 milliliters",
"515 liters"
] | A | Select the better estimate. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose metric units of volume | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Volume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.
There are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.
There are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.
A raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. | The better estimate for the volume of a water balloon is 515 milliliters.
515 liters is too much. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: What is the volume of a water balloon?
Options: (A) 515 milliliters (B) 515 liters
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: What is the volume of a water balloon?
Options: (A) 515 milliliters (B) 515 liters
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Based on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the fruit color trait? | [
"green fruit",
"yellow fruit"
] | A | In a group of ornamental gourd plants, some individuals have yellow fruit and others have green fruit. In this group, the gene for the fruit color trait has two alleles. The allele for yellow fruit (F) is dominant over the allele for green fruit (f).
A certain ornamental gourd plant from this group has the homozygous genotype ff for the fruit color gene. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.
Some traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.
An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.
An organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.
The types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.
A dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.
A recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. | The ornamental gourd plant's genotype for the fruit color gene is ff. The ornamental gourd plant's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for green fruit. So, the ornamental gourd plant's phenotype for the fruit color trait must be green fruit.
To check this answer, consider whether the ornamental gourd plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for yellow fruit (F) is dominant over the allele for green fruit (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.
The ornamental gourd plant's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the ornamental gourd plant's phenotype for the fruit color trait must be green fruit. | Context: In a group of ornamental gourd plants, some individuals have yellow fruit and others have green fruit. In this group, the gene for the fruit color trait has two alleles. The allele for yellow fruit (F) is dominant over the allele for green fruit (f).
A certain ornamental gourd plant from this group has the homozygous genotype ff for the fruit color gene.
Question: Based on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the fruit color trait?
Options: (A) green fruit (B) yellow fruit
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: In a group of ornamental gourd plants, some individuals have yellow fruit and others have green fruit. In this group, the gene for the fruit color trait has two alleles. The allele for yellow fruit (F) is dominant over the allele for green fruit (f).
A certain ornamental gourd plant from this group has the homozygous genotype ff for the fruit color gene.
Question: Based on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the fruit color trait?
Options: (A) green fruit (B) yellow fruit
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
According to Mr. Lam's kids, his snoring is as quiet as a jackhammer. | [
"The snoring is subtle.",
"The snoring is loud."
] | B | closed choice | grade6 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Interpret figures of speech | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
Verbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.
Olivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.
Each breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. | The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.
As quiet as a jackhammer suggests that the snoring is loud. A jackhammer is not quiet, and neither is Mr. Lam's snoring. | Context: N/A
Question: What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
According to Mr. Lam's kids, his snoring is as quiet as a jackhammer.
Options: (A) The snoring is subtle. (B) The snoring is loud.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
According to Mr. Lam's kids, his snoring is as quiet as a jackhammer.
Options: (A) The snoring is subtle. (B) The snoring is loud.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | What is the temperature of the air inside of a freezer? | [
"16°C",
"16°F"
] | B | Select the better estimate. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Estimate temperatures | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Temperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (°F) or Celsius (°C). Use the list below to compare the two units.
212°F | Water boils | 100°C
98.6°F | Body temperature | 37°C
68°F | Room temperature | 20°C
32°F | Water freezes | 0°C
| The better estimate for the temperature of the air inside of a freezer is 16°F.
16°C is too hot. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: What is the temperature of the air inside of a freezer?
Options: (A) 16°C (B) 16°F
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: What is the temperature of the air inside of a freezer?
Options: (A) 16°C (B) 16°F
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | Which correctly shows the title of a book? | [
"\"Nothing but the Truth\"",
"***Nothing but the Truth***"
] | B | closed choice | grade9 | language science | punctuation | Formatting | Formatting titles | The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.
A Midsummer Night's Dream
The title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.
"You Are My Sunshine" | A book should be in italics.
The correct title is **Nothing but the Truth**. | Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of a book?
Options: (A) "Nothing but the Truth" (B) ***Nothing but the Truth***
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of a book?
Options: (A) "Nothing but the Truth" (B) ***Nothing but the Truth***
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? | [
"Gary's arm was injured when he tackled Dave during the football game.",
"When Gary tackled Dave during the football game, his arm was injured."
] | B | closed choice | grade7 | language science | writing-strategies | Pronouns and antecedents | Identify vague pronoun references | When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.
The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:
1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.
2. Rewrite the sentence:
Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.
A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.
They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.
The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.
The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. | The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun his could refer to Gary's or Dave's.
When Gary tackled Dave during the football game, his arm was injured.
The second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.
Gary's arm was injured when he tackled Dave during the football game. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) Gary's arm was injured when he tackled Dave during the football game. (B) When Gary tackled Dave during the football game, his arm was injured.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) Gary's arm was injured when he tackled Dave during the football game. (B) When Gary tackled Dave during the football game, his arm was injured.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | What is the volume of a bathroom sink? | [
"3 fluid ounces",
"3 gallons",
"3 cups"
] | B | Select the best estimate. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose customary units of volume | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Volume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.
There are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.
As the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.
A glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon. | The best estimate for the volume of a bathroom sink is 3 gallons.
3 fluid ounces and 3 cups are both too little. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: What is the volume of a bathroom sink?
Options: (A) 3 fluid ounces (B) 3 gallons (C) 3 cups
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: What is the volume of a bathroom sink?
Options: (A) 3 fluid ounces (B) 3 gallons (C) 3 cups
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
It has not rained in over a week at Marie's house. | [
"climate",
"weather"
] | B | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | earth-science | Weather and climate | What's the difference between weather and climate? | The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.
Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.
Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. | Read the text carefully.
It has not rained in over a week at Marie's house.
This passage tells you about the precipitation last week at Marie's house. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. | Context: N/A
Question: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
It has not rained in over a week at Marie's house.
Options: (A) climate (B) weather
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
It has not rained in over a week at Marie's house.
Options: (A) climate (B) weather
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Would you find the word precious on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
paper - push | [
"no",
"yes"
] | B | yes or no | grade2 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since precious is between the guide words paper - push, it would be found on that page. | Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word precious on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
paper - push
Options: (A) no (B) yes
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word precious on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
paper - push
Options: (A) no (B) yes
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Suppose Gavin decides to get the vanilla fudge ripple ice cream. Which result would be a cost? | [
"Gavin will give up the chance to get a free waffle cone. He would have enjoyed the waffle cone.",
"Gavin will get to eat the vanilla fudge ripple ice cream. He likes this flavor more than sweet cream."
] | A | Gavin is deciding whether to get vanilla fudge ripple ice cream or sweet cream ice cream. He likes vanilla fudge ripple more than sweet cream. But a scoop of sweet cream ice cream comes with a free waffle cone. | closed choice | grade5 | social science | economics | Basic economic principles | Costs and benefits | Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.
Costs are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.
Benefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. | This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Gavin wants or needs:
Gavin will give up the chance to get a free waffle cone. He would have enjoyed the waffle cone. | Context: Gavin is deciding whether to get vanilla fudge ripple ice cream or sweet cream ice cream. He likes vanilla fudge ripple more than sweet cream. But a scoop of sweet cream ice cream comes with a free waffle cone.
Question: Suppose Gavin decides to get the vanilla fudge ripple ice cream. Which result would be a cost?
Options: (A) Gavin will give up the chance to get a free waffle cone. He would have enjoyed the waffle cone. (B) Gavin will get to eat the vanilla fudge ripple ice cream. He likes this flavor more than sweet cream.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Gavin is deciding whether to get vanilla fudge ripple ice cream or sweet cream ice cream. He likes vanilla fudge ripple more than sweet cream. But a scoop of sweet cream ice cream comes with a free waffle cone.
Question: Suppose Gavin decides to get the vanilla fudge ripple ice cream. Which result would be a cost?
Options: (A) Gavin will give up the chance to get a free waffle cone. He would have enjoyed the waffle cone. (B) Gavin will get to eat the vanilla fudge ripple ice cream. He likes this flavor more than sweet cream.
Answer: The answer is A. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.