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null | Is this a run-on sentence?
Mexico is the world's largest avocado producer, one variety is so profitable that Mexican farmers refer to the fruit as oro verde, or green gold. | [
"yes",
"no"
] | A | yes or no | grade12 | language science | writing-strategies | Sentences, fragments, and run-ons | Identify run-on sentences | A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.
The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.
A run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.
The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.
The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.
There are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:
Use stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.
The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.
The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.
Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.
The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.
Use a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.
The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks. | This is a run-on sentence. It is a comma splice formed from two sentences run together, joined by just a comma.
Mexico is the world's largest avocado producer, one variety is so profitable that Mexican farmers refer to the fruit as oro verde, or green gold.
Here is one way to fix the run-on sentence:
Mexico is the world's largest avocado producer. One variety is so profitable that Mexican farmers refer to the fruit as oro verde, or green gold. | Context: N/A
Question: Is this a run-on sentence?
Mexico is the world's largest avocado producer, one variety is so profitable that Mexican farmers refer to the fruit as oro verde, or green gold.
Options: (A) yes (B) no
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Is this a run-on sentence?
Mexico is the world's largest avocado producer, one variety is so profitable that Mexican farmers refer to the fruit as oro verde, or green gold.
Options: (A) yes (B) no
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which sentence is more formal? | [
"McClain Electronics has a reputation for responding quickly to all customer concerns and questions.",
"McClain Electronics has a reputation for responding real quick to customer concerns and questions."
] | A | closed choice | grade5 | language science | writing-strategies | Author's purpose and tone | Which sentence is more formal? | Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:
Type | Examples
slang | cool, awesome
idioms | knock your socks off
conversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah
abbreviated language | ASAP, FYI
overly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store
contractions | can't, won't
Contractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.
Compare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.
Informal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.
Formal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.
| The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses conversational language (real quick).
The first sentence uses formal language in place of the conversational language, so it is more formal overall. | Context: N/A
Question: Which sentence is more formal?
Options: (A) McClain Electronics has a reputation for responding quickly to all customer concerns and questions. (B) McClain Electronics has a reputation for responding real quick to customer concerns and questions.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which sentence is more formal?
Options: (A) McClain Electronics has a reputation for responding quickly to all customer concerns and questions. (B) McClain Electronics has a reputation for responding real quick to customer concerns and questions.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | How long is a long-distance running race? | [
"23 yards",
"23 miles"
] | B | Select the better estimate. | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose customary units of distance | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Imagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles?
The number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.
Now look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches.
There are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot.
There are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard. | The better estimate for the length of a long-distance running race is 23 miles.
23 yards is too short. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: How long is a long-distance running race?
Options: (A) 23 yards (B) 23 miles
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: How long is a long-distance running race?
Options: (A) 23 yards (B) 23 miles
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | What is the mass of a full box of cereal? | [
"500 kilograms",
"500 grams"
] | B | Select the better estimate. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose metric units of mass | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Mass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.
There are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.
There are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.
A paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram. | The better estimate for the mass of a full box of cereal is 500 grams.
500 kilograms is too heavy. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: What is the mass of a full box of cereal?
Options: (A) 500 kilograms (B) 500 grams
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: What is the mass of a full box of cereal?
Options: (A) 500 kilograms (B) 500 grams
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Justin picked up his pace on the trail as his spidey sense began to tingle. | [
"a comic book",
"a song"
] | A | closed choice | grade8 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Recall the source of an allusion | An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. | The source of the allusion spidey sense is a comic book.
The comic book superhero Spider-Man possesses a spidey sense that warns him of impending trouble.
The allusion spidey sense means a sense of danger coming. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Justin picked up his pace on the trail as his spidey sense began to tingle.
Options: (A) a comic book (B) a song
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Justin picked up his pace on the trail as his spidey sense began to tingle.
Options: (A) a comic book (B) a song
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which is a sentence fragment? | [
"This warm blue blanket.",
"The greedy king kept all the jewels for himself and his sons."
] | A | closed choice | grade3 | language science | writing-strategies | Sentences, fragments, and run-ons | Is it a complete sentence, a fragment, or a run-on? | A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.
My friends walk along the path.
A sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.
Knows the answer.
This is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.
Who knows the answer? She knows the answer.
The bright red car.
This is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.
What did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.
A run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.
I knocked on the door it opened.
It started raining, we ran inside.
To fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.
I knocked on the door. It opened.
It started raining. We ran inside.
You can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.
I knocked on the door, and it opened.
It started raining, so we ran inside. | This warm blue blanket is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is a sentence fragment?
Options: (A) This warm blue blanket. (B) The greedy king kept all the jewels for himself and his sons.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is a sentence fragment?
Options: (A) This warm blue blanket. (B) The greedy king kept all the jewels for himself and his sons.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Select the one substance that is not a rock. | [
"Shale is formed in nature. It is a solid.",
"Granodiorite is not made by living things. It is not a pure substance.",
"Cotton is made by living things. It is a solid."
] | C | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | earth-science | Rocks and minerals | Identify rocks using properties | Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:
They are solid.
They are formed in nature.
They are not made by living things.
They are not pure substances. | Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.
Cotton is made by living things. But rocks are not made by living things.
So, cotton is not a rock.
Granodiorite is a rock.
Shale is a rock. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the one substance that is not a rock.
Options: (A) Shale is formed in nature. It is a solid. (B) Granodiorite is not made by living things. It is not a pure substance. (C) Cotton is made by living things. It is a solid.
| Answer: The answer is C. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the one substance that is not a rock.
Options: (A) Shale is formed in nature. It is a solid. (B) Granodiorite is not made by living things. It is not a pure substance. (C) Cotton is made by living things. It is a solid.
Answer: The answer is C. | ||
null | Would you find the word object on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
off - onion | [
"yes",
"no"
] | B | yes or no | grade2 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since object is not between the guide words off - onion, it would not be found on that page. | Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word object on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
off - onion
Options: (A) yes (B) no
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word object on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
off - onion
Options: (A) yes (B) no
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? | [
"They passed the bill without too much trouble, but it will not become law until the president has given his approval.",
"Legislators passed the bill without too much trouble, but it will not become law until the president has given his approval."
] | A | closed choice | grade10 | language science | writing-strategies | Pronouns | Identify vague pronoun references | When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.
The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:
1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.
2. Rewrite the sentence:
Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.
A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.
They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.
The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.
The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. | The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.
The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with legislators.
Legislators passed the bill without too much trouble, but it will not become law until the president has given his approval. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) They passed the bill without too much trouble, but it will not become law until the president has given his approval. (B) Legislators passed the bill without too much trouble, but it will not become law until the president has given his approval.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) They passed the bill without too much trouble, but it will not become law until the president has given his approval. (B) Legislators passed the bill without too much trouble, but it will not become law until the president has given his approval.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | What do these two changes have in common?
water evaporating from a lake
ice crystals forming on a window | [
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are chemical changes."
] | C | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | chemistry | Chemical reactions | Compare physical and chemical changes | Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.
In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.
Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.
In a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.
A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.
The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. | Step 1: Think about each change.
Water evaporating from a lake is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.
Ice crystals forming on a window is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Water vapor in the air can change directly into ice when it touches a very cold window! A change of state from a gas to a solid is called depositing.
Step 2: Look at each answer choice.
Both are only physical changes.
Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.
Both are chemical changes.
Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.
Both are caused by heating.
Water evaporating is caused by heating. But ice crystals forming on a window is not.
Both are caused by cooling.
Ice crystals form on a window when water vapor in the air becomes ice. This is caused by cooling. But water evaporating from a lake is not. | Context: N/A
Question: What do these two changes have in common?
water evaporating from a lake
ice crystals forming on a window
Options: (A) Both are caused by heating. (B) Both are caused by cooling. (C) Both are only physical changes. (D) Both are chemical changes.
| Answer: The answer is C. | Context: N/A
Question: What do these two changes have in common?
water evaporating from a lake
ice crystals forming on a window
Options: (A) Both are caused by heating. (B) Both are caused by cooling. (C) Both are only physical changes. (D) Both are chemical changes.
Answer: The answer is C. | ||
null | Based on this information, what is Lady's phenotype for the coat color trait? | [
"a reddish-brown coat",
"a black coat"
] | B | In a group of horses, some individuals have a black coat and others have a reddish-brown coat. In this group, the gene for the coat color trait has two alleles. The allele for a reddish-brown coat (l) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (L).
Lady is a horse from this group. Lady has the heterozygous genotype Ll for the coat color gene. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.
Some traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.
An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.
An organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.
The types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.
A dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.
A recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. | You need to determine Lady's phenotype for the coat color trait. First, consider the alleles in Lady's genotype for the coat color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.
The allele for a reddish-brown coat (l) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (L). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.
Lady's genotype of Ll has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Lady's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a black coat. | Context: In a group of horses, some individuals have a black coat and others have a reddish-brown coat. In this group, the gene for the coat color trait has two alleles. The allele for a reddish-brown coat (l) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (L).
Lady is a horse from this group. Lady has the heterozygous genotype Ll for the coat color gene.
Question: Based on this information, what is Lady's phenotype for the coat color trait?
Options: (A) a reddish-brown coat (B) a black coat
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: In a group of horses, some individuals have a black coat and others have a reddish-brown coat. In this group, the gene for the coat color trait has two alleles. The allele for a reddish-brown coat (l) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (L).
Lady is a horse from this group. Lady has the heterozygous genotype Ll for the coat color gene.
Question: Based on this information, what is Lady's phenotype for the coat color trait?
Options: (A) a reddish-brown coat (B) a black coat
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
Did you really vote for Porter as class treasurer? Didn't you hear that his uncle was imprisoned for embezzling $1.5 million? | [
"guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something",
"circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself"
] | A | closed choice | grade6 | language science | writing-strategies | Developing and supporting arguments | Classify logical fallacies | A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.
A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:
Fallacy | Description
ad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent
appeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice
bandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice
circular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself
guilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something
red herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim
A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:
Fallacy | Description
false causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other
false dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist
hasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence
straw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against
| The text argues that Porter can't be trusted with money, because his uncle embezzled money. However, even though his uncle couldn't be trusted with money, that doesn't necessarily mean that Porter can't be trusted with it. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association. | Context: N/A
Question: Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
Did you really vote for Porter as class treasurer? Didn't you hear that his uncle was imprisoned for embezzling $1.5 million?
Options: (A) guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something (B) circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
Did you really vote for Porter as class treasurer? Didn't you hear that his uncle was imprisoned for embezzling $1.5 million?
Options: (A) guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something (B) circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which is the smoothest? | [
"burlap sack",
"asphalt road",
"linen handkerchief"
] | C | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | physics | Materials | Compare properties of materials | Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.
A material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.
For example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it. | Smooth is a property. A smooth material is not rough or bumpy.
Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.
Of the choices, the linen handkerchief is the smoothest. If you touch linen fabric, it will not feel rough. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is the smoothest?
Options: (A) burlap sack (B) asphalt road (C) linen handkerchief
| Answer: The answer is C. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is the smoothest?
Options: (A) burlap sack (B) asphalt road (C) linen handkerchief
Answer: The answer is C. | ||
null | Complete the statement.
Radon is (). | [
"an elementary substance",
"a compound"
] | A | Radon is a gas that can cause lung cancer if it is breathed in large quantities. The chemical formula for radon is Rn. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | chemistry | Atoms and molecules | Classify elementary substances and compounds using chemical formulas | Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.
Every chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.
The symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.
An elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.
The symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.
For example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.
The chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.
A compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.
For example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms. | You can tell whether radon is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.
The chemical formula for radon is Rn. This formula contains one symbol: Rn. So, the formula tells you that radon is made of one chemical element.
Substances made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. So, radon is an elementary substance. | Context: Radon is a gas that can cause lung cancer if it is breathed in large quantities. The chemical formula for radon is Rn.
Question: Complete the statement.
Radon is ().
Options: (A) an elementary substance (B) a compound
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Radon is a gas that can cause lung cancer if it is breathed in large quantities. The chemical formula for radon is Rn.
Question: Complete the statement.
Radon is ().
Options: (A) an elementary substance (B) a compound
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | How long is a hammer? | [
"19 meters",
"19 centimeters",
"19 kilometers",
"19 millimeters"
] | B | Select the best estimate. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose metric units of distance, mass, and volume | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
When you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.
The tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.
A red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. | The best estimate for the length of a hammer is 19 centimeters.
19 millimeters is too short. 19 meters and 19 kilometers are too long. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: How long is a hammer?
Options: (A) 19 meters (B) 19 centimeters (C) 19 kilometers (D) 19 millimeters
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: How long is a hammer?
Options: (A) 19 meters (B) 19 centimeters (C) 19 kilometers (D) 19 millimeters
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | Based on this information, what is Kitkat's phenotype for the agouti fur trait? | [
"Aa",
"having agouti fur"
] | B | This passage describes the agouti fur trait in cats:
In a group of cats, some individuals have agouti fur and others do not. In this group, the gene for the agouti fur trait has two alleles. The allele A is for having agouti fur, and the allele a is for not having agouti fur.
Kitkat, a cat from this group, has agouti fur. Kitkat has one allele for having agouti fur and one allele for not having agouti fur. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. | An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Kitkat's observable version of the agouti fur trait is having agouti fur. So, Kitkat's phenotype for the agouti fur trait is having agouti fur. | Context: This passage describes the agouti fur trait in cats:
In a group of cats, some individuals have agouti fur and others do not. In this group, the gene for the agouti fur trait has two alleles. The allele A is for having agouti fur, and the allele a is for not having agouti fur.
Kitkat, a cat from this group, has agouti fur. Kitkat has one allele for having agouti fur and one allele for not having agouti fur.
Question: Based on this information, what is Kitkat's phenotype for the agouti fur trait?
Options: (A) Aa (B) having agouti fur
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: This passage describes the agouti fur trait in cats:
In a group of cats, some individuals have agouti fur and others do not. In this group, the gene for the agouti fur trait has two alleles. The allele A is for having agouti fur, and the allele a is for not having agouti fur.
Kitkat, a cat from this group, has agouti fur. Kitkat has one allele for having agouti fur and one allele for not having agouti fur.
Question: Based on this information, what is Kitkat's phenotype for the agouti fur trait?
Options: (A) Aa (B) having agouti fur
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | Would you find the word foul on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
farm - free | [
"no",
"yes"
] | B | yes or no | grade5 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since foul is between the guide words farm - free, it would be found on that page. | Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word foul on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
farm - free
Options: (A) no (B) yes
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word foul on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
farm - free
Options: (A) no (B) yes
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Select the animal. | [
"Pine trees have green leaves.",
"Barn owls walk and fly."
] | B | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | biology | Classification | Identify plants and animals | Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.
Plants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.
Animals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food. | A barn owl is an animal. It walks and flies.
A barn owl is a bird. Barn owls live on every continent except Antarctica.
A pine tree is a plant. It has green leaves.
Pine tree seeds grow in cones. Trees that grow cones are called conifers. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the animal.
Options: (A) Pine trees have green leaves. (B) Barn owls walk and fly.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the animal.
Options: (A) Pine trees have green leaves. (B) Barn owls walk and fly.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Would you find the word speck on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
sombrero - sway | [
"no",
"yes"
] | B | yes or no | grade4 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since speck is between the guide words sombrero - sway, it would be found on that page. | Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word speck on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
sombrero - sway
Options: (A) no (B) yes
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word speck on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
sombrero - sway
Options: (A) no (B) yes
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Compare the motion of three ships. Which ship was moving at the highest speed? | [
"a ship that moved 165miles west in 5hours",
"a ship that moved 210miles south in 5hours",
"a ship that moved 75miles west in 5hours"
] | B | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | physics | Force and motion | Compare the speeds of moving objects | An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.
Distance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.
Time tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.
Think about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed. | Look at the distance each ship moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each ship moved does not affect its speed.
Notice that each ship moved for 5 hours. The ship that moved 210 miles moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that ship must have moved at the highest speed. | Context: N/A
Question: Compare the motion of three ships. Which ship was moving at the highest speed?
Options: (A) a ship that moved 165miles west in 5hours (B) a ship that moved 210miles south in 5hours (C) a ship that moved 75miles west in 5hours
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Compare the motion of three ships. Which ship was moving at the highest speed?
Options: (A) a ship that moved 165miles west in 5hours (B) a ship that moved 210miles south in 5hours (C) a ship that moved 75miles west in 5hours
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Zach says that he would not be the person he is today were it not for his childhood, which he describes as Dickensian. | [
"a song",
"literature"
] | B | closed choice | grade11 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Recall the source of an allusion | An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.
The protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.
The word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux. | The source of the allusion Dickensian is literature.
The works of British author Charles Dickens often featured characters struggling to survive in settings such as debtors' prisons and orphanages.
The allusion Dickensian means harsh or poverty-stricken. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Zach says that he would not be the person he is today were it not for his childhood, which he describes as Dickensian.
Options: (A) a song (B) literature
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Zach says that he would not be the person he is today were it not for his childhood, which he describes as Dickensian.
Options: (A) a song (B) literature
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Based on this information, what is Jack's phenotype for the cheek color trait? | [
"pale orange cheeks",
"bright orange cheeks"
] | B | In a group of cockatiels, some individuals have bright orange cheeks and others have pale orange cheeks. In this group, the gene for the cheek color trait has two alleles. The allele for bright orange cheeks (R) is dominant over the allele for pale orange cheeks (r).
Jack is a cockatiel from this group. Jack has the heterozygous genotype Rr for the cheek color gene. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.
Some traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.
An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.
An organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.
The types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.
A dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.
A recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. | You need to determine Jack's phenotype for the cheek color trait. First, consider the alleles in Jack's genotype for the cheek color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.
The allele for bright orange cheeks (R) is dominant over the allele for pale orange cheeks (r). This means R is a dominant allele, and r is a recessive allele.
Jack's genotype of Rr has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Jack's phenotype for the cheek color trait must be bright orange cheeks. | Context: In a group of cockatiels, some individuals have bright orange cheeks and others have pale orange cheeks. In this group, the gene for the cheek color trait has two alleles. The allele for bright orange cheeks (R) is dominant over the allele for pale orange cheeks (r).
Jack is a cockatiel from this group. Jack has the heterozygous genotype Rr for the cheek color gene.
Question: Based on this information, what is Jack's phenotype for the cheek color trait?
Options: (A) pale orange cheeks (B) bright orange cheeks
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: In a group of cockatiels, some individuals have bright orange cheeks and others have pale orange cheeks. In this group, the gene for the cheek color trait has two alleles. The allele for bright orange cheeks (R) is dominant over the allele for pale orange cheeks (r).
Jack is a cockatiel from this group. Jack has the heterozygous genotype Rr for the cheek color gene.
Question: Based on this information, what is Jack's phenotype for the cheek color trait?
Options: (A) pale orange cheeks (B) bright orange cheeks
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | Select the solid. | [
"baseball",
"apple juice",
"wet paint"
] | A | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | physics | States of matter | Identify solids and liquids | Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.
When matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.
Some solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.
A glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.
When matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.
Think about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.
Juice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the solid.
Options: (A) baseball (B) apple juice (C) wet paint
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the solid.
Options: (A) baseball (B) apple juice (C) wet paint
Answer: The answer is A. | |||
null | What does the idiom in this text suggest?
Mr. and Mrs. Campbell usually see eye to eye, but not when it comes to the controversial mayoral race. | [
"Mr. and Mrs. Campbell usually agree.",
"Mr. and Mrs. Campbell are not politically active."
] | A | closed choice | grade10 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Interpret figures of speech | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
An idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.
The assignment was a piece of cake. | The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.
The idiom see eye to eye suggests that Mr. and Mrs. Campbell usually agree. When you see eye to eye with someone, you share their opinion. | Context: N/A
Question: What does the idiom in this text suggest?
Mr. and Mrs. Campbell usually see eye to eye, but not when it comes to the controversial mayoral race.
Options: (A) Mr. and Mrs. Campbell usually agree. (B) Mr. and Mrs. Campbell are not politically active.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: What does the idiom in this text suggest?
Mr. and Mrs. Campbell usually see eye to eye, but not when it comes to the controversial mayoral race.
Options: (A) Mr. and Mrs. Campbell usually agree. (B) Mr. and Mrs. Campbell are not politically active.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which is a sentence fragment? | [
"The greedy king kept all the jewels for himself and his sons.",
"Will change out of her wet pants and shirt."
] | B | closed choice | grade3 | language science | writing-strategies | Sentences, fragments, and run-ons | Is it a complete sentence, a fragment, or a run-on? | A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.
My friends walk along the path.
A sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.
Knows the answer.
This is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.
Who knows the answer? She knows the answer.
The bright red car.
This is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.
What did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.
A run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.
I knocked on the door it opened.
It started raining, we ran inside.
To fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.
I knocked on the door. It opened.
It started raining. We ran inside.
You can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.
I knocked on the door, and it opened.
It started raining, so we ran inside. | Will change out of her wet pants and shirt is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is a sentence fragment?
Options: (A) The greedy king kept all the jewels for himself and his sons. (B) Will change out of her wet pants and shirt.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which is a sentence fragment?
Options: (A) The greedy king kept all the jewels for himself and his sons. (B) Will change out of her wet pants and shirt.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which greeting is correct for a letter? | [
"Dear Ms. Harrington,",
"dear Ms. Harrington,"
] | A | closed choice | grade4 | language science | punctuation | Formatting | Greetings and closings of letters | A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.
Dear Aunt Sue,
I'm glad you could come to my party, and
thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have
asked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think
of you.
With love,
Rory | The first greeting is correct:
Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Ms. Harrington is capitalized because it is a proper noun. | Context: N/A
Question: Which greeting is correct for a letter?
Options: (A) Dear Ms. Harrington, (B) dear Ms. Harrington,
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which greeting is correct for a letter?
Options: (A) Dear Ms. Harrington, (B) dear Ms. Harrington,
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Would you find the word repair on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
ranch - ripple | [
"no",
"yes"
] | B | yes or no | grade3 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since repair is between the guide words ranch - ripple, it would be found on that page. | Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word repair on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
ranch - ripple
Options: (A) no (B) yes
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word repair on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
ranch - ripple
Options: (A) no (B) yes
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Complete the sentence.
Fossils are () of ancient organisms. | [
"the living tissues",
"preserved remains of the body parts or activities",
"human-made models"
] | B | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | earth-science | Fossils | Introduction to fossils | Fossils are preserved remains of the body parts or activities of ancient organisms.
Some fossils show the body parts of organisms. Bones and shells are two body parts that are commonly preserved in fossils.
Some fossils show traces of an organism's activities. Footprints and burrows are two examples of traces that can be preserved in fossils. A burrow is a hole dug by an animal.
All fossils are formed in nature. They take thousands of years to form. | Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence.
Fossils are () of ancient organisms.
Options: (A) the living tissues (B) preserved remains of the body parts or activities (C) human-made models
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence.
Fossils are () of ancient organisms.
Options: (A) the living tissues (B) preserved remains of the body parts or activities (C) human-made models
Answer: The answer is B. | |||
null | Complete the sentence.
In this chemical reaction, water is a (). | [
"reactant",
"product"
] | A | This passage describes a chemical reaction. Read the passage. Then, follow the instructions below.
Like people on Earth, astronauts living on the International Space Station need oxygen to survive. Since there is no oxygen in space for the astronauts to breathe, they make oxygen using a process called electrolysis. This process uses electricity to break down water into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. The hydrogen gas can be removed from the space station or recycled, and the oxygen gas is released into the air that the astronauts breathe. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | chemistry | Chemical reactions | Identify reactants and products | A chemical change occurs when new substances are formed from existing substances. This process is called a chemical reaction.
In a chemical reaction, one or more substances change into one or more different substances. During the reaction, the atoms of the original substances are rearranged to form other substances.
The original substances in a chemical reaction are called reactants. These substances react, or go through a chemical change.
The substances that are formed in a chemical reaction are called products. These substances are produced by the chemical reaction.
So, in a chemical reaction, reactants go through a chemical change to form products. | Read the underlined text carefully. Look for information about what happens to water in this chemical reaction.
Like people on Earth, astronauts living on the International Space Station need oxygen to survive. Since there is no oxygen in space for the astronauts to breathe, they make oxygen using a process called electrolysis. This process uses electricity to break down water into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. The hydrogen gas can be removed from the space station or recycled, and the oxygen gas is released into the air that the astronauts breathe.
The underlined text tells you that when water breaks down, oxygen and hydrogen are formed. When water reacts, or goes through a chemical change, its atoms are rearranged to form oxygen and hydrogen. Because water reacts in this chemical reaction, water is a reactant. | Context: This passage describes a chemical reaction. Read the passage. Then, follow the instructions below.
Like people on Earth, astronauts living on the International Space Station need oxygen to survive. Since there is no oxygen in space for the astronauts to breathe, they make oxygen using a process called electrolysis. This process uses electricity to break down water into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. The hydrogen gas can be removed from the space station or recycled, and the oxygen gas is released into the air that the astronauts breathe.
Question: Complete the sentence.
In this chemical reaction, water is a ().
Options: (A) reactant (B) product
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: This passage describes a chemical reaction. Read the passage. Then, follow the instructions below.
Like people on Earth, astronauts living on the International Space Station need oxygen to survive. Since there is no oxygen in space for the astronauts to breathe, they make oxygen using a process called electrolysis. This process uses electricity to break down water into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. The hydrogen gas can be removed from the space station or recycled, and the oxygen gas is released into the air that the astronauts breathe.
Question: Complete the sentence.
In this chemical reaction, water is a ().
Options: (A) reactant (B) product
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Complete the sentence.
Thomas Edison was a famous (). | [
"inventor",
"athlete",
"soldier",
"composer"
] | A | closed choice | grade2 | social science | us-history | Historical figures | Thomas Edison | Thomas Alva Edison was a famous inventor. An inventor is someone who comes up with new ideas and tools.
Thomas Edison came up with many different inventions during his life. Some of them were successful, and some of them were not. A few of them changed the way that people live every day. | Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence.
Thomas Edison was a famous ().
Options: (A) inventor (B) athlete (C) soldier (D) composer
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence.
Thomas Edison was a famous ().
Options: (A) inventor (B) athlete (C) soldier (D) composer
Answer: The answer is A. | |||
null | What information supports the conclusion that Melissa inherited this trait? | [
"Melissa's parents have dark skin. They passed down this trait to Melissa.",
"Melissa and her father both have dark hair."
] | A | Read the description of a trait.
Melissa has dark skin. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement | Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. | Context: Read the description of a trait.
Melissa has dark skin.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Melissa inherited this trait?
Options: (A) Melissa's parents have dark skin. They passed down this trait to Melissa. (B) Melissa and her father both have dark hair.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Read the description of a trait.
Melissa has dark skin.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Melissa inherited this trait?
Options: (A) Melissa's parents have dark skin. They passed down this trait to Melissa. (B) Melissa and her father both have dark hair.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | What do these two changes have in common?
burning a candle
melting glass | [
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are caused by cooling."
] | C | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | chemistry | Chemical reactions | Compare physical and chemical changes | Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.
In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.
Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.
In a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.
A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.
The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. | Step 1: Think about each change.
Burning a candle is a chemical change. Both the wick and the melted wax burn. They react with oxygen in the air and turn into soot, carbon dioxide, and water.
Melting glass is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The glass changes from solid to liquid. But a different type of matter is not formed.
Step 2: Look at each answer choice.
Both are only physical changes.
Melting glass is a physical change. But burning a candle is not.
Both are chemical changes.
Burning a candle is a chemical change. But melting glass is not.
Both are caused by heating.
Both changes are caused by heating.
Both are caused by cooling.
Neither change is caused by cooling. | Context: N/A
Question: What do these two changes have in common?
burning a candle
melting glass
Options: (A) Both are chemical changes. (B) Both are only physical changes. (C) Both are caused by heating. (D) Both are caused by cooling.
| Answer: The answer is C. | Context: N/A
Question: What do these two changes have in common?
burning a candle
melting glass
Options: (A) Both are chemical changes. (B) Both are only physical changes. (C) Both are caused by heating. (D) Both are caused by cooling.
Answer: The answer is C. | ||
null | Compare the motion of three sailboats. Which sailboat was moving at the lowest speed? | [
"a sailboat that moved 80kilometers west in 5hours",
"a sailboat that moved 40kilometers north in 5hours",
"a sailboat that moved 35kilometers north in 5hours"
] | C | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | physics | Force and motion | Compare the speeds of moving objects | An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.
Distance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.
Time tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.
Think about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed. | Look at the distance each sailboat moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each sailboat moved does not affect its speed.
Notice that each sailboat moved for 5 hours. The sailboat that moved 35 kilometers moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that sailboat must have moved at the lowest speed. | Context: N/A
Question: Compare the motion of three sailboats. Which sailboat was moving at the lowest speed?
Options: (A) a sailboat that moved 80kilometers west in 5hours (B) a sailboat that moved 40kilometers north in 5hours (C) a sailboat that moved 35kilometers north in 5hours
| Answer: The answer is C. | Context: N/A
Question: Compare the motion of three sailboats. Which sailboat was moving at the lowest speed?
Options: (A) a sailboat that moved 80kilometers west in 5hours (B) a sailboat that moved 40kilometers north in 5hours (C) a sailboat that moved 35kilometers north in 5hours
Answer: The answer is C. | ||
null | Complete the sentence so that it uses personification.
As Todd rushed down the hill, the wind () his ears. | [
"rushed by",
"sang in"
] | B | closed choice | grade9 | language science | writing-strategies | Creative techniques | Use personification | Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.
The trees danced in the wind.
The word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving. | Complete the sentence with the phrase sang in. It describes the wind as if it were a singer. | Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence so that it uses personification.
As Todd rushed down the hill, the wind () his ears.
Options: (A) rushed by (B) sang in
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence so that it uses personification.
As Todd rushed down the hill, the wind () his ears.
Options: (A) rushed by (B) sang in
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which tense does the sentence use?
Mr. Kramer will coach the girls' basketball team. | [
"future tense",
"present tense",
"past tense"
] | A | closed choice | grade3 | language science | verbs | Verb tense | Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense? | Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.
Most present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.
Two verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.
Past tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.
Most past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.
Some verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.
Future tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.
All future-tense verbs use the word will.
Present | Past | Future
walk, walks | walked | will walk
go, goes | went | will go | The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, coach. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. | Context: N/A
Question: Which tense does the sentence use?
Mr. Kramer will coach the girls' basketball team.
Options: (A) future tense (B) present tense (C) past tense
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which tense does the sentence use?
Mr. Kramer will coach the girls' basketball team.
Options: (A) future tense (B) present tense (C) past tense
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | What is the volume of a large soup pot? | [
"4 liters",
"4 milliliters"
] | A | Select the better estimate. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose metric units of volume | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Volume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.
There are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.
There are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.
A raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. | The better estimate for the volume of a large soup pot is 4 liters.
4 milliliters is too little. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: What is the volume of a large soup pot?
Options: (A) 4 liters (B) 4 milliliters
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: What is the volume of a large soup pot?
Options: (A) 4 liters (B) 4 milliliters
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Which figure of speech is used in this text?
All the cars at Bradford's Auto Dealership are certified pre-owned. Although they all seem to be in good condition, I think I'd prefer to buy a new car. | [
"euphemism",
"paradox"
] | A | closed choice | grade12 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Classify the figure of speech: euphemism, hyperbole, oxymoron, paradox | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
A euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.
The head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.
Hyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.
I ate so much that I think I might explode!
An oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.
Some reviewers are calling this book a new classic.
A paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.
Always expect the unexpected. | The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.
Pre-owned is an indirect way of saying used. | Context: N/A
Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
All the cars at Bradford's Auto Dealership are certified pre-owned. Although they all seem to be in good condition, I think I'd prefer to buy a new car.
Options: (A) euphemism (B) paradox
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
All the cars at Bradford's Auto Dealership are certified pre-owned. Although they all seem to be in good condition, I think I'd prefer to buy a new car.
Options: (A) euphemism (B) paradox
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which object has more thermal energy? | [
"a 250-gram glass of orange juice at a temperature of 70°F",
"a 250-gram glass of orange juice at a temperature of 45°F"
] | A | The objects are identical except for their temperatures. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | physics | Heat and thermal energy | How is temperature related to thermal energy? | All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.
Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. | The two glasses of orange juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 70°F glass of orange juice is hotter than the 45°F glass of orange juice, it has more thermal energy. | Context: The objects are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which object has more thermal energy?
Options: (A) a 250-gram glass of orange juice at a temperature of 70°F (B) a 250-gram glass of orange juice at a temperature of 45°F
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: The objects are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which object has more thermal energy?
Options: (A) a 250-gram glass of orange juice at a temperature of 70°F (B) a 250-gram glass of orange juice at a temperature of 45°F
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Select the one substance that is not a rock. | [
"Chert is not a pure substance. It is a solid.",
"Calcarenite is formed in nature. It is a solid.",
"Burlap is made by humans. It is a solid."
] | C | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | earth-science | Rocks and minerals | Identify rocks using properties | Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:
They are solid.
They are formed in nature.
They are not made by living things.
They are not pure substances. | Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.
Calcarenite is a rock.
Burlap is made by humans. But rocks are not made by living things.
So, burlap is not a rock.
Chert is a rock. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the one substance that is not a rock.
Options: (A) Chert is not a pure substance. It is a solid. (B) Calcarenite is formed in nature. It is a solid. (C) Burlap is made by humans. It is a solid.
| Answer: The answer is C. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the one substance that is not a rock.
Options: (A) Chert is not a pure substance. It is a solid. (B) Calcarenite is formed in nature. It is a solid. (C) Burlap is made by humans. It is a solid.
Answer: The answer is C. | ||
null | Compare the motion of three speedboats. Which speedboat was moving at the highest speed? | [
"a speedboat that moved 395kilometers west in 5hours",
"a speedboat that moved 345kilometers west in 5hours",
"a speedboat that moved 335kilometers south in 5hours"
] | A | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | physics | Force and motion | Compare the speeds of moving objects | An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.
Distance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.
Time tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.
Think about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed. | Look at the distance each speedboat moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each speedboat moved does not affect its speed.
Notice that each speedboat moved for 5 hours. The speedboat that moved 395 kilometers moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that speedboat must have moved at the highest speed. | Context: N/A
Question: Compare the motion of three speedboats. Which speedboat was moving at the highest speed?
Options: (A) a speedboat that moved 395kilometers west in 5hours (B) a speedboat that moved 345kilometers west in 5hours (C) a speedboat that moved 335kilometers south in 5hours
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Compare the motion of three speedboats. Which speedboat was moving at the highest speed?
Options: (A) a speedboat that moved 395kilometers west in 5hours (B) a speedboat that moved 345kilometers west in 5hours (C) a speedboat that moved 335kilometers south in 5hours
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
"This salsa could use a little more spice," Fred said as he gulped down water and wiped tears from his eyes. | [
"The salsa was too spicy.",
"The salsa was tasteless."
] | A | closed choice | grade10 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Interpret figures of speech | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
Verbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.
Olivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.
Each breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. | The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.
Could use a little more spice ironically suggests that the salsa was too spicy. Fred gulped down water and wiped tears from his eyes, indications that the salsa was indeed too spicy. | Context: N/A
Question: What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
"This salsa could use a little more spice," Fred said as he gulped down water and wiped tears from his eyes.
Options: (A) The salsa was too spicy. (B) The salsa was tasteless.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
"This salsa could use a little more spice," Fred said as he gulped down water and wiped tears from his eyes.
Options: (A) The salsa was too spicy. (B) The salsa was tasteless.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which object has more thermal energy? | [
"a 150-gram cup of black tea at a temperature of 70°C",
"a 150-gram cup of black tea at a temperature of 50°C"
] | A | The objects are identical except for their temperatures. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | physics | Heat and thermal energy | How is temperature related to thermal energy? | All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.
Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. | The two cups of black tea have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 70°C cup of black tea is hotter than the 50°C cup of black tea, it has more thermal energy. | Context: The objects are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which object has more thermal energy?
Options: (A) a 150-gram cup of black tea at a temperature of 70°C (B) a 150-gram cup of black tea at a temperature of 50°C
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: The objects are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which object has more thermal energy?
Options: (A) a 150-gram cup of black tea at a temperature of 70°C (B) a 150-gram cup of black tea at a temperature of 50°C
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Which of the following is a trait of a living thing? | [
"the way the living thing acts",
"how much water is in the living thing's habitat",
"how much sunshine the living thing gets"
] | A | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | biology | Traits | Introduction to adaptations | A trait is the way a living thing looks or acts. A habitat is the place where a living thing grows or lives.
An adaptation is a trait that helps a living thing stay alive in its habitat. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following is a trait of a living thing?
Options: (A) the way the living thing acts (B) how much water is in the living thing's habitat (C) how much sunshine the living thing gets
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following is a trait of a living thing?
Options: (A) the way the living thing acts (B) how much water is in the living thing's habitat (C) how much sunshine the living thing gets
Answer: The answer is A. | |||
null | Complete the sentence.
The Eighth Amendment says the government can () use cruel and unusual punishments. | [
"sometimes",
"never",
"always"
] | B | closed choice | grade4 | social science | civics | Government | The Bill of Rights | The Eighth Amendment says the government can never use "cruel and unusual punishments." There are no special cases when they are allowed. What makes a punishment "cruel or unusual"? The answer is not clear. The Eighth Amendment doesn't talk about specific punishments. Over time, Americans have changed their views on what is cruel and unusual. For example, the government decided in 2005 that it was cruel to put someone to death for a crime he or she committed before the age of 18. Today, Americans continue to question what is cruel and unusual. In the future, some punishments used today may be outlawed. The text of the Eighth Amendment is below. Does it have rules against anything else? Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. | Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence.
The Eighth Amendment says the government can () use cruel and unusual punishments.
Options: (A) sometimes (B) never (C) always
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence.
The Eighth Amendment says the government can () use cruel and unusual punishments.
Options: (A) sometimes (B) never (C) always
Answer: The answer is B. | |||
null | What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Before Victoria had even met her future husband in person, she knew about his reputation as a Romeo. | [
"British history",
"literature"
] | B | closed choice | grade8 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Recall the source of an allusion | An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. | The source of the allusion Romeo is literature.
In William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is known for the eloquent declaration of love with which he woos Juliet.
The allusion Romeo means a man who is very romantic. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Before Victoria had even met her future husband in person, she knew about his reputation as a Romeo.
Options: (A) British history (B) literature
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Before Victoria had even met her future husband in person, she knew about his reputation as a Romeo.
Options: (A) British history (B) literature
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
perfume - popcorn | [
"pastime",
"pine"
] | B | closed choice | grade7 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since pine is between the guide words perfume - popcorn, it would be found on that page. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
perfume - popcorn
Options: (A) pastime (B) pine
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
perfume - popcorn
Options: (A) pastime (B) pine
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Last year, there were seven men's clothing stores on Main Street in Newport. This year, there are only three. What probably happened to the overall supply of men's shirts in Newport? | [
"The supply probably went down.",
"The supply probably went up."
] | A | closed choice | grade4 | social science | economics | Supply and demand | Understand overall supply and demand | Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.
| Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand
Supply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up
Supply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down
Producers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up. | When four men's clothing stores closed on Main Street, the number of suppliers went down. There were fewer stores selling men's shirts. So, the supply of men's shirts probably went down. | Context: N/A
Question: Last year, there were seven men's clothing stores on Main Street in Newport. This year, there are only three. What probably happened to the overall supply of men's shirts in Newport?
Options: (A) The supply probably went down. (B) The supply probably went up.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Last year, there were seven men's clothing stores on Main Street in Newport. This year, there are only three. What probably happened to the overall supply of men's shirts in Newport?
Options: (A) The supply probably went down. (B) The supply probably went up.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Based on this information, what is this bitter melon plant's phenotype for the seed color trait? | [
"DD",
"dark brown seeds"
] | B | In a group of bitter melon plants, some individuals have dark brown seeds and others have light brown seeds. In this group, the gene for the seed color trait has two alleles. The allele D is for dark brown seeds, and the allele d is for light brown seeds.
A certain bitter melon plant from this group has dark brown seeds. This plant has two alleles for dark brown seeds. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. | An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The bitter melon plant's observable version of the seed color trait is dark brown seeds. So, the plant's phenotype for the seed color trait is dark brown seeds. | Context: In a group of bitter melon plants, some individuals have dark brown seeds and others have light brown seeds. In this group, the gene for the seed color trait has two alleles. The allele D is for dark brown seeds, and the allele d is for light brown seeds.
A certain bitter melon plant from this group has dark brown seeds. This plant has two alleles for dark brown seeds.
Question: Based on this information, what is this bitter melon plant's phenotype for the seed color trait?
Options: (A) DD (B) dark brown seeds
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: In a group of bitter melon plants, some individuals have dark brown seeds and others have light brown seeds. In this group, the gene for the seed color trait has two alleles. The allele D is for dark brown seeds, and the allele d is for light brown seeds.
A certain bitter melon plant from this group has dark brown seeds. This plant has two alleles for dark brown seeds.
Question: Based on this information, what is this bitter melon plant's phenotype for the seed color trait?
Options: (A) DD (B) dark brown seeds
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Angie plays basketball. | [
"inherited",
"acquired"
] | B | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | biology | Traits and heredity | Identify inherited and acquired traits | Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. | People are not born knowing how to play basketball. Instead, some people learn how to play basketball. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing basketball is an acquired trait. | Context: N/A
Question: Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Angie plays basketball.
Options: (A) inherited (B) acquired
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Angie plays basketball.
Options: (A) inherited (B) acquired
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which word does not rhyme? | [
"last",
"must",
"fast"
] | B | closed choice | grade2 | language science | phonological-awareness | Rhyming | Which word does not rhyme? | Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.
The words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.
The words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.
The words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds. | The words last and fast rhyme. They both end with the ast sound.
The word must does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word does not rhyme?
Options: (A) last (B) must (C) fast
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word does not rhyme?
Options: (A) last (B) must (C) fast
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which sentence states a fact? | [
"Wicked starred Kristin Chenoweth and Idina Menzel when it opened on Broadway on October 30, 2003.",
"Based on a novel by Gregory Maguire, the musical Wicked is the most entertaining show you will find, on or off Broadway."
] | A | closed choice | grade6 | language science | writing-strategies | Developing and supporting arguments | Distinguish facts from opinions | A fact is something that can be proved by research or observation.
Napoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.
The statement above is a fact. The statement can be proved by researching the height of each man and comparing them.
An opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved.
Napoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.
The statement above is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a "better" leader, so the statement cannot be proved. | The first sentence states a fact.
Wicked starred Kristin Chenoweth and Idina Menzel when it opened on Broadway on October 30, 2003.
It can be proved by reading a review of Wicked from the day after it first opened.
The second sentence states an opinion.
Based on a novel by Gregory Maguire, the musical Wicked is the most entertaining show you will find, on or off Broadway.
The most shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about whether one can find a more entertaining show. | Context: N/A
Question: Which sentence states a fact?
Options: (A) Wicked starred Kristin Chenoweth and Idina Menzel when it opened on Broadway on October 30, 2003. (B) Based on a novel by Gregory Maguire, the musical Wicked is the most entertaining show you will find, on or off Broadway.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which sentence states a fact?
Options: (A) Wicked starred Kristin Chenoweth and Idina Menzel when it opened on Broadway on October 30, 2003. (B) Based on a novel by Gregory Maguire, the musical Wicked is the most entertaining show you will find, on or off Broadway.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Maddie entered the bustling, aromatic spice market in Istanbul and said to her travel companion, "We're not in Kansas anymore." | [
"a fable",
"a movie"
] | B | closed choice | grade7 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Recall the source of an allusion | An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. | The source of the allusion We're not in Kansas anymore is a movie.
In the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, Dorothy, a young farm girl from Kansas, finds herself in Oz, an unusual place that looks nothing like her home. She says to her dog, "Toto, I've a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore."
The allusion We're not in Kansas anymore means we're in an unfamiliar place. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Maddie entered the bustling, aromatic spice market in Istanbul and said to her travel companion, "We're not in Kansas anymore."
Options: (A) a fable (B) a movie
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Maddie entered the bustling, aromatic spice market in Istanbul and said to her travel companion, "We're not in Kansas anymore."
Options: (A) a fable (B) a movie
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | What information supports the conclusion that Ted acquired this trait? | [
"Ted knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn.",
"Ted learned how to knit in an after school program."
] | B | Read the description of a trait.
Ted knows how to knit sweaters. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | biology | Heredity | Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement | Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. | Context: Read the description of a trait.
Ted knows how to knit sweaters.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Ted acquired this trait?
Options: (A) Ted knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn. (B) Ted learned how to knit in an after school program.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Read the description of a trait.
Ted knows how to knit sweaters.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Ted acquired this trait?
Options: (A) Ted knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn. (B) Ted learned how to knit in an after school program.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? | [
"Ron went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended it.",
"Ron went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended calculus."
] | A | closed choice | grade10 | language science | writing-strategies | Pronouns | Identify vague pronoun references | When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.
The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:
1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.
2. Rewrite the sentence:
Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.
A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.
They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.
The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.
The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. | The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to calculus or trigonometry.
The second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with calculus.
Ron went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended calculus. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) Ron went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended it. (B) Ron went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended calculus.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) Ron went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended it. (B) Ron went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended calculus.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Based on this information, what is this fruit fly's phenotype for the eye color trait? | [
"red eyes",
"EE"
] | A | In a group of fruit flies, some individuals have red eyes and others have brown eyes. In this group, the gene for the eye color trait has two alleles. The allele E is for red eyes, and the allele e is for brown eyes.
A certain fruit fly from this group has red eyes. This fly has two alleles for red eyes. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. | An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The fruit fly's observable version of the eye color trait is red eyes. So, the fly's phenotype for the eye color trait is red eyes. | Context: In a group of fruit flies, some individuals have red eyes and others have brown eyes. In this group, the gene for the eye color trait has two alleles. The allele E is for red eyes, and the allele e is for brown eyes.
A certain fruit fly from this group has red eyes. This fly has two alleles for red eyes.
Question: Based on this information, what is this fruit fly's phenotype for the eye color trait?
Options: (A) red eyes (B) EE
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: In a group of fruit flies, some individuals have red eyes and others have brown eyes. In this group, the gene for the eye color trait has two alleles. The allele E is for red eyes, and the allele e is for brown eyes.
A certain fruit fly from this group has red eyes. This fly has two alleles for red eyes.
Question: Based on this information, what is this fruit fly's phenotype for the eye color trait?
Options: (A) red eyes (B) EE
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
unit - urgent | [
"us",
"up"
] | B | closed choice | grade5 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since up is between the guide words unit - urgent, it would be found on that page. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
unit - urgent
Options: (A) us (B) up
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
unit - urgent
Options: (A) us (B) up
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which figure of speech is used in this text?
In every cry of every Man,
In every Infant's cry of fear,
In every voice: in every ban,
The mind-forg'd manacles I hear.
—William Blake, "London" | [
"anaphora",
"assonance"
] | A | closed choice | grade11 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Classify the figure of speech: anaphora, antithesis, apostrophe, assonance, chiasmus, understatement | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
Anaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.
We are united. We are powerful. We are winners.
Antithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.
I want to help, not to hurt.
Apostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.
Oh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?
Assonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.
Try to light the fire.
Chiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.
Never let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.
Understatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.
As you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. | The text uses anaphora, the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.
Blake repeats the words in every at the beginning of each phrase. | Context: N/A
Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
In every cry of every Man,
In every Infant's cry of fear,
In every voice: in every ban,
The mind-forg'd manacles I hear.
—William Blake, "London"
Options: (A) anaphora (B) assonance
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
In every cry of every Man,
In every Infant's cry of fear,
In every voice: in every ban,
The mind-forg'd manacles I hear.
—William Blake, "London"
Options: (A) anaphora (B) assonance
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which correctly shows the title of a book? | [
"Don't Bring That Up",
"Don't bring that Up"
] | A | closed choice | grade4 | language science | capitalization | Formatting | Capitalizing titles | In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.
The Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach
These words are not important in titles:
Articles, a, an, the
Short prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up
Coordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or | Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.
The correct title is Don't Bring That Up. | Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of a book?
Options: (A) Don't Bring That Up (B) Don't bring that Up
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of a book?
Options: (A) Don't Bring That Up (B) Don't bring that Up
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | How long is a sofa? | [
"7 feet",
"7 yards"
] | A | Select the better estimate. | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose customary units of distance | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Imagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles?
The number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.
Now look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches.
There are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot.
There are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard. | The better estimate for the length of a sofa is 7 feet.
7 yards is too long. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: How long is a sofa?
Options: (A) 7 feet (B) 7 yards
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: How long is a sofa?
Options: (A) 7 feet (B) 7 yards
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | What information supports the conclusion that Natalie inherited this trait? | [
"Some people use a hair dryer to straighten their hair. But Natalie and her brothers have naturally straight hair.",
"Both of Natalie's biological parents have naturally black hair.",
"When she was younger, Natalie wore ribbons in her naturally black hair."
] | B | Read the description of a trait.
Natalie has naturally black hair. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement | Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. | Context: Read the description of a trait.
Natalie has naturally black hair.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Natalie inherited this trait?
Options: (A) Some people use a hair dryer to straighten their hair. But Natalie and her brothers have naturally straight hair. (B) Both of Natalie's biological parents have naturally black hair. (C) When she was younger, Natalie wore ribbons in her naturally black hair.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Read the description of a trait.
Natalie has naturally black hair.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Natalie inherited this trait?
Options: (A) Some people use a hair dryer to straighten their hair. But Natalie and her brothers have naturally straight hair. (B) Both of Natalie's biological parents have naturally black hair. (C) When she was younger, Natalie wore ribbons in her naturally black hair.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | What information supports the conclusion that Emmy acquired this trait? | [
"Emmy's scar was caused by an accident. She cut her leg when she was climbing a tree.",
"Some scars fade more quickly than others."
] | A | Read the description of a trait.
Emmy has a scar on her left leg. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | biology | Traits and heredity | Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement | Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. | Context: Read the description of a trait.
Emmy has a scar on her left leg.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Emmy acquired this trait?
Options: (A) Emmy's scar was caused by an accident. She cut her leg when she was climbing a tree. (B) Some scars fade more quickly than others.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Read the description of a trait.
Emmy has a scar on her left leg.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Emmy acquired this trait?
Options: (A) Emmy's scar was caused by an accident. She cut her leg when she was climbing a tree. (B) Some scars fade more quickly than others.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | What do these two changes have in common?
cooking an egg
salt and vinegar removing tarnish from a penny | [
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are caused by cooling."
] | A | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | chemistry | Chemical reactions | Compare physical and chemical changes | Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.
In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.
Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.
In a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.
A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.
The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. | Step 1: Think about each change.
Cooking an egg is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the egg to change. Cooked egg and raw egg are different types of matter.
Salt and vinegar removing tarnish from a penny is a chemical change. The salt and vinegar change the tarnish into a different type of matter that can be easily wiped away. This makes the penny look shiny again.
Step 2: Look at each answer choice.
Both are only physical changes.
Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.
Both are chemical changes.
Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.
Both are caused by heating.
Cooking is caused by heating. But salt and vinegar removing tarnish from a penny is not.
Both are caused by cooling.
Neither change is caused by cooling. | Context: N/A
Question: What do these two changes have in common?
cooking an egg
salt and vinegar removing tarnish from a penny
Options: (A) Both are chemical changes. (B) Both are only physical changes. (C) Both are caused by heating. (D) Both are caused by cooling.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: What do these two changes have in common?
cooking an egg
salt and vinegar removing tarnish from a penny
Options: (A) Both are chemical changes. (B) Both are only physical changes. (C) Both are caused by heating. (D) Both are caused by cooling.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
wave - which | [
"wear",
"women"
] | A | closed choice | grade3 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since wear is between the guide words wave - which, it would be found on that page. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
wave - which
Options: (A) wear (B) women
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
wave - which
Options: (A) wear (B) women
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which of these might be part of an animal's skeletal system? | [
"hair",
"an endoskeleton or exoskeleton",
"the liver and kidneys"
] | B | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | biology | Animals | Body systems: perception and motion | An animal's skeletal system provides a strong frame for its body. The skeletal system has three main jobs. First, it supports the animal's body. Second, it protects the organs and other soft parts inside the animal's body. Third, it works with the muscular system to help the animal move.
Some animals have an endoskeleton. The word endoskeleton means "inside skeleton." An endoskeleton is inside an animal's body. Many vertebrates have an endoskeleton. A vertebrate's endoskeleton is made up of bones and fibers called tendons and ligaments. Tendons connect muscles to bones, and ligaments connect bones to other bones.
Some animals have an exoskeleton. The word exoskeleton means "outside skeleton." An exoskeleton is made up of tough structures covering the outside of an animal's body. Many invertebrates have an exoskeleton. Stiff fibers attach the animal's muscles to its exoskeleton. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of these might be part of an animal's skeletal system?
Options: (A) hair (B) an endoskeleton or exoskeleton (C) the liver and kidneys
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of these might be part of an animal's skeletal system?
Options: (A) hair (B) an endoskeleton or exoskeleton (C) the liver and kidneys
Answer: The answer is B. | |||
null | Complete the sentence.
Heating water in a microwave is a (). | [
"physical change",
"chemical change"
] | A | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | chemistry | Physical and chemical change | Compare physical and chemical changes | Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.
In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.
Burning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.
In a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.
A change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water. | Heating water in a microwave is a physical change. The temperature of the water goes up, but the water is still made of the same type of matter. | Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence.
Heating water in a microwave is a ().
Options: (A) physical change (B) chemical change
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence.
Heating water in a microwave is a ().
Options: (A) physical change (B) chemical change
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which helium balloon has more thermal energy? | [
"the hotter helium balloon",
"the colder helium balloon"
] | A | Two helium balloons are identical except for their temperatures. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | physics | Heat and thermal energy | How are temperature and mass related to thermal energy? | Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.
The energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.
Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.
What happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70°F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70°F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy. | The two helium balloons are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter helium balloon has more thermal energy. | Context: Two helium balloons are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which helium balloon has more thermal energy?
Options: (A) the hotter helium balloon (B) the colder helium balloon
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Two helium balloons are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which helium balloon has more thermal energy?
Options: (A) the hotter helium balloon (B) the colder helium balloon
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Which tense does the sentence use?
Estelle will sweep the sidewalk in front of her store. | [
"present tense",
"past tense",
"future tense"
] | C | closed choice | grade5 | language science | verbs | Verb tense | Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense? | Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.
Most present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.
Two verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.
Past tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.
Most past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.
Some verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.
Future tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.
All future-tense verbs use the word will.
Present | Past | Future
walk, walks | walked | will walk
go, goes | went | will go | The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, sweep. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. | Context: N/A
Question: Which tense does the sentence use?
Estelle will sweep the sidewalk in front of her store.
Options: (A) present tense (B) past tense (C) future tense
| Answer: The answer is C. | Context: N/A
Question: Which tense does the sentence use?
Estelle will sweep the sidewalk in front of her store.
Options: (A) present tense (B) past tense (C) future tense
Answer: The answer is C. | ||
null | Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
When I was in Seattle for a week last January, it didn't rain even once. Seattle's reputation for being rainy is obviously false. | [
"guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something",
"false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other",
"hasty generalization: a broad claim based on too few observations"
] | C | closed choice | grade11 | language science | writing-strategies | Developing and supporting arguments | Classify logical fallacies | A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.
A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:
Fallacy | Description
ad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself
appeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice
bandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice
circular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself
guilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something
A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:
Fallacy | Description
false causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other
false dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist
hasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations
slippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences
straw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against
| The text argues that a week without rain is evidence that Seattle isn't a rainy city. However, the experience of one week doesn't necessarily reflect longer trends in a place's climate. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a hasty generalization. | Context: N/A
Question: Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
When I was in Seattle for a week last January, it didn't rain even once. Seattle's reputation for being rainy is obviously false.
Options: (A) guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something (B) false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other (C) hasty generalization: a broad claim based on too few observations
| Answer: The answer is C. | Context: N/A
Question: Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
When I was in Seattle for a week last January, it didn't rain even once. Seattle's reputation for being rainy is obviously false.
Options: (A) guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something (B) false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other (C) hasty generalization: a broad claim based on too few observations
Answer: The answer is C. | ||
null | Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? | [
"Mrs. Newman told her assistant to book a flight to Oakdale immediately.",
"Mrs. Newman informed her assistant that she had to book a flight to Seoul immediately."
] | B | closed choice | grade10 | language science | writing-strategies | Pronouns | Identify vague pronoun references | When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.
The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:
1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.
2. Rewrite the sentence:
Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.
A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.
They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.
The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.
The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. | The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Mrs. Newman or her assistant.
Mrs. Newman informed her assistant that she had to book a flight to Seoul immediately.
The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.
Mrs. Newman told her assistant to book a flight to Oakdale immediately. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) Mrs. Newman told her assistant to book a flight to Oakdale immediately. (B) Mrs. Newman informed her assistant that she had to book a flight to Seoul immediately.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) Mrs. Newman told her assistant to book a flight to Oakdale immediately. (B) Mrs. Newman informed her assistant that she had to book a flight to Seoul immediately.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
The school board voted today to adopt a program to teach teens about the dangers of drugs and alcohol. They will not be satisfied until they control every aspect of students' lives. | [
"straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against",
"circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself"
] | A | closed choice | grade8 | language science | writing-strategies | Developing and supporting arguments | Classify logical fallacies | A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.
A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:
Fallacy | Description
ad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent
appeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice
bandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice
circular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself
guilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something
red herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim
A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:
Fallacy | Description
false causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other
false dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist
hasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence
straw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against
| The text argues that drug and alcohol education comes from the school board's desire to control teens' lives. However, the fact that teens are educated about drugs and alcohol doesn't necessarily suggest that the school board wants to control every aspect of their lives. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man. | Context: N/A
Question: Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
The school board voted today to adopt a program to teach teens about the dangers of drugs and alcohol. They will not be satisfied until they control every aspect of students' lives.
Options: (A) straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against (B) circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
The school board voted today to adopt a program to teach teens about the dangers of drugs and alcohol. They will not be satisfied until they control every aspect of students' lives.
Options: (A) straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against (B) circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Based on this information, what is this fly's phenotype for the eye color trait? | [
"red eyes",
"brown eyes"
] | A | In a group of fruit flies, some individuals have red eyes and others have brown eyes. In this group, the gene for the eye color trait has two alleles. The allele for brown eyes (e) is recessive to the allele for red eyes (E).
A certain fruit fly from this group has the heterozygous genotype Ee for the eye color gene. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.
Some traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.
An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.
An organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.
The types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.
A dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.
A recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. | You need to determine the fruit fly's phenotype for the eye color trait. First, consider the alleles in the fly's genotype for the eye color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.
The allele for brown eyes (e) is recessive to the allele for red eyes (E). This means E is a dominant allele, and e is a recessive allele.
The fruit fly's genotype of Ee has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the fruit fly's phenotype for the eye color trait must be red eyes. | Context: In a group of fruit flies, some individuals have red eyes and others have brown eyes. In this group, the gene for the eye color trait has two alleles. The allele for brown eyes (e) is recessive to the allele for red eyes (E).
A certain fruit fly from this group has the heterozygous genotype Ee for the eye color gene.
Question: Based on this information, what is this fly's phenotype for the eye color trait?
Options: (A) red eyes (B) brown eyes
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: In a group of fruit flies, some individuals have red eyes and others have brown eyes. In this group, the gene for the eye color trait has two alleles. The allele for brown eyes (e) is recessive to the allele for red eyes (E).
A certain fruit fly from this group has the heterozygous genotype Ee for the eye color gene.
Question: Based on this information, what is this fly's phenotype for the eye color trait?
Options: (A) red eyes (B) brown eyes
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Which object has the most thermal energy? | [
"a 225-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 12°C",
"a 225-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 20°C",
"a 225-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 7°C"
] | B | The objects are identical except for their temperatures. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | physics | Heat and thermal energy | How is temperature related to thermal energy? | All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.
Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. | All three glasses of apple juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 20°C glass of apple juice is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy. | Context: The objects are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which object has the most thermal energy?
Options: (A) a 225-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 12°C (B) a 225-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 20°C (C) a 225-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 7°C
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: The objects are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which object has the most thermal energy?
Options: (A) a 225-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 12°C (B) a 225-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 20°C (C) a 225-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 7°C
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | What information supports the conclusion that Britney acquired this trait? | [
"Britney likes to look at butterflies and beetles.",
"Britney learned to identify insects by reading many books about insects."
] | B | Read the description of a trait.
Britney is good at identifying insects. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement | Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. | Context: Read the description of a trait.
Britney is good at identifying insects.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Britney acquired this trait?
Options: (A) Britney likes to look at butterflies and beetles. (B) Britney learned to identify insects by reading many books about insects.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Read the description of a trait.
Britney is good at identifying insects.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Britney acquired this trait?
Options: (A) Britney likes to look at butterflies and beetles. (B) Britney learned to identify insects by reading many books about insects.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Based on this information, what is this scarlet rosemallow plant's phenotype for the flower color trait? | [
"red flowers",
"Ff"
] | A | In a group of scarlet rosemallow plants, some individuals have red flowers and others have white flowers. In this group, the gene for the flower color trait has two alleles. The allele F is for red flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers.
A certain scarlet rosemallow plant from this group has red flowers. This plant has one allele for red flowers and one allele for white flowers. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. | An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The scarlet rosemallow plant's observable version of the flower color trait is red flowers. So, the plant's phenotype for the flower color trait is red flowers. | Context: In a group of scarlet rosemallow plants, some individuals have red flowers and others have white flowers. In this group, the gene for the flower color trait has two alleles. The allele F is for red flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers.
A certain scarlet rosemallow plant from this group has red flowers. This plant has one allele for red flowers and one allele for white flowers.
Question: Based on this information, what is this scarlet rosemallow plant's phenotype for the flower color trait?
Options: (A) red flowers (B) Ff
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: In a group of scarlet rosemallow plants, some individuals have red flowers and others have white flowers. In this group, the gene for the flower color trait has two alleles. The allele F is for red flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers.
A certain scarlet rosemallow plant from this group has red flowers. This plant has one allele for red flowers and one allele for white flowers.
Question: Based on this information, what is this scarlet rosemallow plant's phenotype for the flower color trait?
Options: (A) red flowers (B) Ff
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Which closing is correct for a letter? | [
"Many thanks,\nZach",
"Many Thanks,\nZach"
] | A | closed choice | grade4 | language science | punctuation | Formatting | Greetings and closings of letters | A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.
Dear Aunt Sue,
I'm glad you could come to my party, and
thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have
asked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think
of you.
With love,
Rory | The first closing is correct:
Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. | Context: N/A
Question: Which closing is correct for a letter?
Options: (A) Many thanks,
Zach (B) Many Thanks,
Zach
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which closing is correct for a letter?
Options: (A) Many thanks,
Zach (B) Many Thanks,
Zach
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? | [
"If Mandy's skirt doesn't match the blouse, she will have to exchange the blouse for another item.",
"If Mandy's skirt doesn't match the blouse, she will have to exchange it for another item."
] | B | closed choice | grade11 | language science | writing-strategies | Pronouns | Identify vague pronoun references | When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.
The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:
1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.
2. Rewrite the sentence:
Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.
A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.
They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.
The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.
The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. | The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to Mandy's skirt or the blouse.
The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the blouse.
If Mandy's skirt doesn't match the blouse, she will have to exchange the blouse for another item. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) If Mandy's skirt doesn't match the blouse, she will have to exchange the blouse for another item. (B) If Mandy's skirt doesn't match the blouse, she will have to exchange it for another item.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) If Mandy's skirt doesn't match the blouse, she will have to exchange the blouse for another item. (B) If Mandy's skirt doesn't match the blouse, she will have to exchange it for another item.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Would you find the word pliers on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
peaceful - power | [
"no",
"yes"
] | B | yes or no | grade5 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since pliers is between the guide words peaceful - power, it would be found on that page. | Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word pliers on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
peaceful - power
Options: (A) no (B) yes
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word pliers on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
peaceful - power
Options: (A) no (B) yes
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Suppose Gabby decides to make beef barley soup. Which result would be a cost? | [
"Gabby will spend more time making the beef barley soup than she would have spent making the vegetable soup.",
"The beef barley soup will be tastier than the vegetable soup would have been."
] | A | Gabby is deciding whether to make beef barley soup or vegetable soup for dinner. She wants dinner to be as tasty as possible. But she is also hungry and wants to eat soon. | closed choice | grade5 | social science | economics | Basic economic principles | Costs and benefits | Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.
Costs are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.
Benefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. | This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Gabby wants or needs:
Gabby will spend more time making the beef barley soup than she would have spent making the vegetable soup. | Context: Gabby is deciding whether to make beef barley soup or vegetable soup for dinner. She wants dinner to be as tasty as possible. But she is also hungry and wants to eat soon.
Question: Suppose Gabby decides to make beef barley soup. Which result would be a cost?
Options: (A) Gabby will spend more time making the beef barley soup than she would have spent making the vegetable soup. (B) The beef barley soup will be tastier than the vegetable soup would have been.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Gabby is deciding whether to make beef barley soup or vegetable soup for dinner. She wants dinner to be as tasty as possible. But she is also hungry and wants to eat soon.
Question: Suppose Gabby decides to make beef barley soup. Which result would be a cost?
Options: (A) Gabby will spend more time making the beef barley soup than she would have spent making the vegetable soup. (B) The beef barley soup will be tastier than the vegetable soup would have been.
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Select the vertebrate. | [
"porcupine",
"castor bean tick"
] | A | Hint: Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are vertebrates. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | biology | Classification | Identify vertebrates and invertebrates | Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.
A vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.
An invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have a hard outer cover on their body. Other invertebrates have a soft body. | A castor bean tick is an insect. Like other insects, a castor bean tick is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.
A porcupine is a mammal. Like other mammals, a porcupine is a vertebrate. It has a backbone. | Context: Hint: Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are vertebrates.
Question: Select the vertebrate.
Options: (A) porcupine (B) castor bean tick
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Hint: Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are vertebrates.
Question: Select the vertebrate.
Options: (A) porcupine (B) castor bean tick
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Using only these supplies, which question can Doug investigate with an experiment? | [
"Does a pie crust made with white flour burn more quickly than a pie crust made with whole wheat flour?",
"Does a pie crust made with white flour burn more quickly when the pie is cooked in a glass pan or in an aluminum pan?",
"Do pie crusts made with white flour burn less quickly when covered with aluminum foi... | B | Doug is baking a pie. He notices that the crust burns before the pie is fully cooked. He wonders what factors affect whether a pie crust will burn in the oven. So, he decides to design an experiment. He has the following supplies available:
ingredients for pumpkin pie filling
ingredients for apple pie filling
two pie crusts made with white flour
a glass pie pan
an aluminum pie pan
an oven | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | science-and-engineering-practices | Designing experiments | Identify questions that can be investigated with a set of materials | Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.
Imagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?
First, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.
Next, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.
So, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! | Context: Doug is baking a pie. He notices that the crust burns before the pie is fully cooked. He wonders what factors affect whether a pie crust will burn in the oven. So, he decides to design an experiment. He has the following supplies available:
ingredients for pumpkin pie filling
ingredients for apple pie filling
two pie crusts made with white flour
a glass pie pan
an aluminum pie pan
an oven
Question: Using only these supplies, which question can Doug investigate with an experiment?
Options: (A) Does a pie crust made with white flour burn more quickly than a pie crust made with whole wheat flour? (B) Does a pie crust made with white flour burn more quickly when the pie is cooked in a glass pan or in an aluminum pan? (C) Do pie crusts made with white flour burn less quickly when covered with aluminum foil or when left uncovered?
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Doug is baking a pie. He notices that the crust burns before the pie is fully cooked. He wonders what factors affect whether a pie crust will burn in the oven. So, he decides to design an experiment. He has the following supplies available:
ingredients for pumpkin pie filling
ingredients for apple pie filling
two pie crusts made with white flour
a glass pie pan
an aluminum pie pan
an oven
Question: Using only these supplies, which question can Doug investigate with an experiment?
Options: (A) Does a pie crust made with white flour burn more quickly than a pie crust made with whole wheat flour? (B) Does a pie crust made with white flour burn more quickly when the pie is cooked in a glass pan or in an aluminum pan? (C) Do pie crusts made with white flour burn less quickly when covered with aluminum foil or when left uncovered?
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which correctly shows the title of a song? | [
"\"Don't Wait, Jump In\"",
"Don't Wait, Jump In"
] | A | closed choice | grade9 | language science | punctuation | Formatting | Formatting titles | The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.
A Midsummer Night's Dream
The title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.
"You Are My Sunshine" | A song should be in quotation marks.
The correct title is "Don't Wait, Jump In." | Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of a song?
Options: (A) "Don't Wait, Jump In" (B) Don't Wait, Jump In
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of a song?
Options: (A) "Don't Wait, Jump In" (B) Don't Wait, Jump In
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | What kind of sentence is this?
Tori gave me flowers for no reason. | [
"exclamatory",
"declarative"
] | B | closed choice | grade4 | language science | punctuation | Sentences, fragments, and run-ons | Is the sentence declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory? | There are four kinds of sentences.
A declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.
I have an older brother and a younger sister.
An interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.
How tall are you?
An imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.
Read the first chapter by next week.
Look out for that car!
An exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.
Some whales are over ninety feet long!
I can't wait until tomorrow! | The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence. | Context: N/A
Question: What kind of sentence is this?
Tori gave me flowers for no reason.
Options: (A) exclamatory (B) declarative
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: What kind of sentence is this?
Tori gave me flowers for no reason.
Options: (A) exclamatory (B) declarative
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Complete the sentence.
Rust forming on a metal gate is a (). | [
"physical change",
"chemical change"
] | B | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | chemistry | Physical and chemical change | Identify physical and chemical changes | Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.
In a chemical change, the type of matter changes.
Burning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.
In a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.
Cutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.
Ice melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state. | Rust forming on a metal gate is a chemical change. As the gate rusts, the metal turns into a different type of matter called rust. Rust is reddish-brown and falls apart easily. | Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence.
Rust forming on a metal gate is a ().
Options: (A) physical change (B) chemical change
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence.
Rust forming on a metal gate is a ().
Options: (A) physical change (B) chemical change
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | What do these two changes have in common?
compost rotting
burning a candle | [
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are chemical changes."
] | D | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | chemistry | Chemical reactions | Compare physical and chemical changes | Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.
In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.
Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.
In a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.
A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.
The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. | Step 1: Think about each change.
Compost forms from the remains of plants and animals, such as vegetable scraps and egg shells. Compost rotting is a chemical change. As the compost rots, it breaks down and turns into a different type of matter.
Burning a candle is a chemical change. Both the wick and the melted wax burn. They react with oxygen in the air and turn into soot, carbon dioxide, and water.
Step 2: Look at each answer choice.
Both are only physical changes.
Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.
Both are chemical changes.
Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.
Both are caused by heating.
Burning is caused by heating. But compost rotting is not.
Both are caused by cooling.
Neither change is caused by cooling. | Context: N/A
Question: What do these two changes have in common?
compost rotting
burning a candle
Options: (A) Both are caused by heating. (B) Both are caused by cooling. (C) Both are only physical changes. (D) Both are chemical changes.
| Answer: The answer is D. | Context: N/A
Question: What do these two changes have in common?
compost rotting
burning a candle
Options: (A) Both are caused by heating. (B) Both are caused by cooling. (C) Both are only physical changes. (D) Both are chemical changes.
Answer: The answer is D. | ||
null | Which correctly shows the title of a book? | [
"***Everything but the Horse***",
"\"Everything but the Horse\""
] | A | closed choice | grade9 | language science | punctuation | Formatting | Formatting titles | The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.
A Midsummer Night's Dream
The title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.
"You Are My Sunshine" | A book should be in italics.
The correct title is **Everything but the Horse**. | Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of a book?
Options: (A) ***Everything but the Horse*** (B) "Everything but the Horse"
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of a book?
Options: (A) ***Everything but the Horse*** (B) "Everything but the Horse"
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | Would you find the word hesitate on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
hoe - hunger | [
"yes",
"no"
] | B | yes or no | grade7 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since hesitate is not between the guide words hoe - hunger, it would not be found on that page. | Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word hesitate on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
hoe - hunger
Options: (A) yes (B) no
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word hesitate on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
hoe - hunger
Options: (A) yes (B) no
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? | [
"Ken separated the almonds from the cashews because of his strong aversion to cashews.",
"Ken separated the almonds from the cashews because of his strong aversion to them."
] | B | closed choice | grade11 | language science | writing-strategies | Pronouns | Identify vague pronoun references | When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.
The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:
1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.
2. Rewrite the sentence:
Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.
A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.
They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.
The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.
The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. | The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them could refer to the almonds or the cashews.
The second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with cashews.
Ken separated the almonds from the cashews because of his strong aversion to cashews. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) Ken separated the almonds from the cashews because of his strong aversion to cashews. (B) Ken separated the almonds from the cashews because of his strong aversion to them.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) Ken separated the almonds from the cashews because of his strong aversion to cashews. (B) Ken separated the almonds from the cashews because of his strong aversion to them.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | What is the mass of an ear of corn? | [
"13 ounces",
"13 tons",
"13 pounds"
] | A | Select the best estimate. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose customary units of mass | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Mass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.
There are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.
There are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.
So, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.
A slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. | The best estimate for the mass of an ear of corn is 13 ounces.
13 pounds and 13 tons are both too heavy. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: What is the mass of an ear of corn?
Options: (A) 13 ounces (B) 13 tons (C) 13 pounds
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: What is the mass of an ear of corn?
Options: (A) 13 ounces (B) 13 tons (C) 13 pounds
Answer: The answer is A. | |
null | Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Brett noticed that the wind was blowing in from the ocean this afternoon. | [
"climate",
"weather"
] | B | Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | earth-science | Weather and climate | What's the difference between weather and climate? | The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.
Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.
Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. | Read the text carefully.
Brett noticed that the wind was blowing in from the ocean this afternoon.
This passage tells you about the wind direction where Brett was this afternoon. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. | Context: Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.
Question: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Brett noticed that the wind was blowing in from the ocean this afternoon.
Options: (A) climate (B) weather
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.
Question: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Brett noticed that the wind was blowing in from the ocean this afternoon.
Options: (A) climate (B) weather
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | Which sentence states a fact? | [
"People who vote in every election are the best citizens.",
"In the United States, presidents are elected every four years."
] | B | closed choice | grade5 | social science | civics | Social studies skills | Identify facts and opinions | A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.
The flag of the United States has 13 stripes.
This is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.
An opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.
The flag of the United States is easy to draw.
This is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag "easy" to draw. | The second sentence states a fact.
In the United States, presidents are elected every four years.
It can be proved by reading a book about the United States government.
The first sentence states an opinion.
People who vote in every election are the best citizens.
Best shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes one citizen better than another one. | Context: N/A
Question: Which sentence states a fact?
Options: (A) People who vote in every election are the best citizens. (B) In the United States, presidents are elected every four years.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which sentence states a fact?
Options: (A) People who vote in every election are the best citizens. (B) In the United States, presidents are elected every four years.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | What information supports the conclusion that Edwin inherited this trait? | [
"Edwin's parents were born with straight hair. They passed down this trait to Edwin.",
"Edwin and his father both have short hair."
] | A | Read the description of a trait.
Edwin has straight hair. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | biology | Traits and heredity | Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement | Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. | Context: Read the description of a trait.
Edwin has straight hair.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Edwin inherited this trait?
Options: (A) Edwin's parents were born with straight hair. They passed down this trait to Edwin. (B) Edwin and his father both have short hair.
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: Read the description of a trait.
Edwin has straight hair.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Edwin inherited this trait?
Options: (A) Edwin's parents were born with straight hair. They passed down this trait to Edwin. (B) Edwin and his father both have short hair.
Answer: The answer is A. | ||
null | What is the name of the process plants use to make food? | [
"germination",
"photosynthesis",
"pollination"
] | B | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | biology | Plants | How do plants make food? | Like all living things, plants need food to survive. Plants can make their own food.
How do plants make food? Plants use a process called photosynthesis to make sugar. They use this sugar as food.
For photosynthesis, a plant needs water, carbon dioxide, and energy from light. Most plants use energy from sunlight. The plant uses its roots to take in water. It uses its leaves to take in carbon dioxide from the air.
During photosynthesis, chlorophyll in the plant's leaves traps energy from sunlight. The plant uses this energy to turn water and carbon dioxide into sugar. It then releases oxygen into the air as a waste product. The plant gets the energy it needs to live from the sugar. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the name of the process plants use to make food?
Options: (A) germination (B) photosynthesis (C) pollination
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: What is the name of the process plants use to make food?
Options: (A) germination (B) photosynthesis (C) pollination
Answer: The answer is B. | |||
null | Which change best matches the sentence?
A piece of rock from outer space hits Earth, leaving a crater. | [
"meteorite crash",
"erosion",
"deposition"
] | A | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | earth-science | Earth events | Classify changes to Earth's surface II | Context: N/A
Question: Which change best matches the sentence?
A piece of rock from outer space hits Earth, leaving a crater.
Options: (A) meteorite crash (B) erosion (C) deposition
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: N/A
Question: Which change best matches the sentence?
A piece of rock from outer space hits Earth, leaving a crater.
Options: (A) meteorite crash (B) erosion (C) deposition
Answer: The answer is A. | ||||
null | What is the volume of a bottle of cough syrup? | [
"8 cups",
"8 fluid ounces",
"8 gallons"
] | B | Select the best estimate. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose customary units of volume | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Volume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.
There are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.
As the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.
A glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon. | The best estimate for the volume of a bottle of cough syrup is 8 fluid ounces.
8 cups and 8 gallons are both too much. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: What is the volume of a bottle of cough syrup?
Options: (A) 8 cups (B) 8 fluid ounces (C) 8 gallons
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: What is the volume of a bottle of cough syrup?
Options: (A) 8 cups (B) 8 fluid ounces (C) 8 gallons
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | What do these two changes have in common?
a slice of banana turning brown
cells using oxygen to break down sugar | [
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are chemical changes."
] | D | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | chemistry | Physical and chemical change | Compare physical and chemical changes | Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.
In a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.
Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.
In a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.
A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.
The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. | Step 1: Think about each change.
A slice of banana turning brown is a chemical change. The part of the banana in contact with the air reacts with oxygen and turns into a different type of matter.
Cells using oxygen to break down sugar is a chemical change. When sugar is broken down, it forms carbon dioxide and water.
Step 2: Look at each answer choice.
Both are only physical changes.
Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.
Both are chemical changes.
Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.
Both are caused by heating.
Neither change is caused by heating.
Both are caused by cooling.
Neither change is caused by cooling. | Context: N/A
Question: What do these two changes have in common?
a slice of banana turning brown
cells using oxygen to break down sugar
Options: (A) Both are caused by heating. (B) Both are only physical changes. (C) Both are caused by cooling. (D) Both are chemical changes.
| Answer: The answer is D. | Context: N/A
Question: What do these two changes have in common?
a slice of banana turning brown
cells using oxygen to break down sugar
Options: (A) Both are caused by heating. (B) Both are only physical changes. (C) Both are caused by cooling. (D) Both are chemical changes.
Answer: The answer is D. | ||
null | Select the living thing. | [
"tractor",
"piranha",
"brick wall",
"bathtub"
] | B | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | biology | Classification | Identify living and nonliving things | All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.
All living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.
All living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense. | A piranha is a living thing.
Piranhas grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Piranhas are made up of many cells.
A brick wall is not a living thing.
Brick walls do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.
A tractor is not a living thing.
A tractor does not have all the traits of a living thing. Tractors need energy, but they do not eat food. Tractors get energy from diesel or other fuel. They do not grow.
A bathtub is not a living thing.
Bathtubs do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the living thing.
Options: (A) tractor (B) piranha (C) brick wall (D) bathtub
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Select the living thing.
Options: (A) tractor (B) piranha (C) brick wall (D) bathtub
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? | [
"Mrs. Ballard was overjoyed when she saw her granddaughter for the first time in two years.",
"When Mrs. Ballard saw her granddaughter for the first time in two years, she was overjoyed."
] | B | closed choice | grade10 | language science | writing-strategies | Pronouns | Identify vague pronoun references | When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.
The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:
1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.
2. Rewrite the sentence:
Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.
A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.
They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.
The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.
The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. | The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Mrs. Ballard or her granddaughter.
When Mrs. Ballard saw her granddaughter for the first time in two years, she was overjoyed.
The second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.
Mrs. Ballard was overjoyed when she saw her granddaughter for the first time in two years. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) Mrs. Ballard was overjoyed when she saw her granddaughter for the first time in two years. (B) When Mrs. Ballard saw her granddaughter for the first time in two years, she was overjoyed.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) Mrs. Ballard was overjoyed when she saw her granddaughter for the first time in two years. (B) When Mrs. Ballard saw her granddaughter for the first time in two years, she was overjoyed.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Based on this information, what is this cucumber plant's phenotype for the fruit texture trait? | [
"ff",
"smooth fruit"
] | B | In a group of cucumber plants, some individuals have bumpy fruit and others have smooth fruit. In this group, the gene for the fruit texture trait has two alleles. The allele F is for bumpy fruit, and the allele f is for smooth fruit.
A certain cucumber plant from this group has smooth fruit. This plant has two alleles for smooth fruit. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. | An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The cucumber plant's observable version of the fruit texture trait is smooth fruit. So, the plant's phenotype for the fruit texture trait is smooth fruit. | Context: In a group of cucumber plants, some individuals have bumpy fruit and others have smooth fruit. In this group, the gene for the fruit texture trait has two alleles. The allele F is for bumpy fruit, and the allele f is for smooth fruit.
A certain cucumber plant from this group has smooth fruit. This plant has two alleles for smooth fruit.
Question: Based on this information, what is this cucumber plant's phenotype for the fruit texture trait?
Options: (A) ff (B) smooth fruit
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: In a group of cucumber plants, some individuals have bumpy fruit and others have smooth fruit. In this group, the gene for the fruit texture trait has two alleles. The allele F is for bumpy fruit, and the allele f is for smooth fruit.
A certain cucumber plant from this group has smooth fruit. This plant has two alleles for smooth fruit.
Question: Based on this information, what is this cucumber plant's phenotype for the fruit texture trait?
Options: (A) ff (B) smooth fruit
Answer: The answer is B. | |
null | What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
"Sleeping through the rooster's crowing was no problem," Jeffrey joked with a yawn. | [
"Jeffrey slept well.",
"Jeffrey slept poorly."
] | B | closed choice | grade8 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Interpret figures of speech | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
Verbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.
Olivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.
Each breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. | The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.
Sleeping through the rooster's crowing was no problem ironically suggests that Jeffrey slept poorly. Jeffrey was tired, so the rooster's crowing was clearly a problem. | Context: N/A
Question: What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
"Sleeping through the rooster's crowing was no problem," Jeffrey joked with a yawn.
Options: (A) Jeffrey slept well. (B) Jeffrey slept poorly.
| Answer: The answer is B. | Context: N/A
Question: What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
"Sleeping through the rooster's crowing was no problem," Jeffrey joked with a yawn.
Options: (A) Jeffrey slept well. (B) Jeffrey slept poorly.
Answer: The answer is B. | ||
null | Which object has the most thermal energy? | [
"a marble at a temperature of 76°F",
"a marble at a temperature of 70°F",
"a marble at a temperature of 0°F"
] | A | The objects are identical except for their temperatures. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | physics | Heat and thermal energy | How is temperature related to thermal energy? | All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.
Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. | All three marbles have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 76°F marble is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy. | Context: The objects are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which object has the most thermal energy?
Options: (A) a marble at a temperature of 76°F (B) a marble at a temperature of 70°F (C) a marble at a temperature of 0°F
| Answer: The answer is A. | Context: The objects are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which object has the most thermal energy?
Options: (A) a marble at a temperature of 76°F (B) a marble at a temperature of 70°F (C) a marble at a temperature of 0°F
Answer: The answer is A. |
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