doc_id int32 0 2.25M | text stringlengths 101 8.13k | source stringlengths 38 44 |
|---|---|---|
16,200 | In 2008, the Kontinental Hockey League named their championship trophy the Gagarin Cup. In a 2010 Space Foundation survey, Gagarin was ranked as the sixth-most-popular space hero, tied with the fictional character James T. Kirk from "Star Trek". A Russian docudrama titled "" was released in 2013. Previous attempts at p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34226 |
16,201 | There are statues of Gagarin and monuments to him located in the town named after him as well as in Orenburg, Cheboksary, Irkutsk, Izhevsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, and Yoshkar-Ola in Russia, as well as in Nicosia, Cyprus, Druzhkivka, Ukraine, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, and Tiraspol, Moldova. On 4 June 1980, Monument to Yuri Ga... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34226 |
16,202 | In 2011, a statue of Gagarin was unveiled at Admiralty Arch in The Mall in London, opposite the permanent sculpture of James Cook. It is a copy of the statue outside Gagarin's former school in Lyubertsy. In 2013, the statue was moved to a permanent location outside the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34226 |
16,203 | In 2012, a statue was unveiled at the site of NASA's original spaceflight headquarters on South Wayside Drive in Houston. The sculpture was completed in 2011 by Leonov, who is also an artist, and was a gift to Houston commissioned by various Russian organisations. Houston Mayor Annise Parker, NASA Administrator Charles... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34226 |
16,204 | In April 2018, a bust of Gagarin erected on the street in Belgrade, Serbia, that bears his name was removed, after less than a week. A new work was commissioned following the outcry over the disproportionately small size of its head which locals said was an "insult" to Gagarin. Belgrade City Manager Goran Vesic stated ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34226 |
16,205 | In August 2019, the Italian artist Jorit painted Gagarin's face on the facade of a twenty-story building in the district of Odintsovo, Russia. The mural is the largest portrait of Gagarin in the world. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34226 |
16,206 | In March 2021, a statue of Gagarin was unveiled at Mataram Park ("Taman Mataram") in Jakarta, Indonesia in celebration of the 70th anniversary of Indonesia–Russia diplomatic relations as well as the 60th anniversary of the first human space flight. The statue, sculpted by Russian artist A.D. Leonov and presented by Rus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34226 |
16,207 | The 50th anniversary of Gagarin's journey into space was marked in 2011 by tributes around the world. A documentary film titled "First Orbit" was shot from the International Space Station, combining sound recordings from the original flight with footage of the route taken by Gagarin. The Russian, American, and Italian ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34226 |
16,208 | The Central Bank of the Russian Federation released gold and silver coins to commemorate the anniversary. The Soyuz TMA-21 spacecraft was named "Gagarin" with the launch in April 2011 to coincide with the 50th anniversary of his mission. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34226 |
16,209 | The Sukhoi Su-25 "Grach" ( ("rook"); NATO reporting name: Frogfoot) is a subsonic, single-seat, twin-engine jet aircraft developed in the Soviet Union by Sukhoi. It was designed to provide close air support for Soviet Ground Forces. The first prototype made its maiden flight on 22 February 1975. After testing, the airc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,210 | Early variants included the Su-25UB two-seat trainer, the Su-25BM for target-towing, and the Su-25K for export customers. Some aircraft were upgraded to the Su-25SM standard in 2012. The Su-25T and the Su-25TM (also known as the Su-39) were further developments, not produced in significant numbers. The Su-25, and the S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,211 | Since entering service more than , the Su-25 has seen combat in several conflicts. The type was heavily involved in the Soviet–Afghan War, flying counter-insurgency missions against the Afghan Mujahideen. The Iraqi Air Force employed it against Iran during the 1980–88 Iran–Iraq War. Most Iraqi examples were later destr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,212 | In early 1968, the Soviet Ministry of Defence decided to develop a specialised "shturmovik" armoured assault aircraft in order to provide close air support for the Soviet Ground Forces. The idea of creating a ground-support aircraft came about after analysing the experience of ground-attack ("shturmovaya") aviation dur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,213 | In March 1969, a competition was announced by the Soviet Air Force that called for designs for a new battlefield close-support aircraft. Participants in the competition were the Sukhoi design bureau and the design bureaus of Yakovlev, Ilyushin and Mikoyan. Sukhoi finalised its "T-8" design in late 1968, and began in wo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,214 | During flight-testing phases of the T8-1 and T8-2 prototypes' development, the Sukhoi Design Bureau's management proposed that the series production of the Su-25 should start at Factory No. 31 in Tbilisi, Soviet Republic of Georgia, which at that time was the major manufacturing base for the MiG-21UM "Mongol-B" trainer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,215 | In the late 1980s and early 1990s, several Su-25 variants appeared, including modernised versions, and variants for specialised roles. The most significant designs were the Su-25UB dual-seat trainer, the Su-25BM target-towing variant, and the Su-25T for antitank missions. In addition, an prototype was developed by Geor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,216 | The Russian Air Force, which operates the largest number of Su-25s, planned to upgrade older aircraft to the Su-25SM variant, but funding shortfalls had slowed the progress; by early 2007 only seven aircraft had been modified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,217 | The Su-25 has a conventional aerodynamic layout with a shoulder-mounted trapezoidal wing and a traditional tailplane and rudder. Several metals are used in the construction of the airframe: 60% aluminium, 19% steel, 13.5% titanium, 2% magnesium alloy and 5.5% other materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,218 | All versions of the Su-25 have a metal cantilever wing, of moderate sweep, high aspect ratio and equipped with high-lift devices. The wing consists of two cantilever sections attached to a central torsion box, forming a single unit with the fuselage. The air brakes are housed in fairings at the tip of each wing. Each w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,219 | The flaps are mounted by steel sliders and rollers, attached to brackets on the rear spar. The trapezoidal ailerons are near the wingtips. The fuselage of the Su-25 has an ellipsoidal section and is of semi-monocoque, stressed-skin construction, arranged as a longitudinal load-bearing framework of longerons, beams and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,220 | Early versions of the Su-25 were equipped with two R-95Sh non-afterburning turbojets, in compartments on either side of the rear fuselage. The engines, sub-assemblies and surrounding fuselage are cooled by air provided by the cold air intakes on top of the engine nacelles. A drainage system collects oil, hydraulic flui... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,221 | The autocannon is in a compartment beneath the cockpit, mounted on a load-bearing beam attached to the cockpit floor and the forward fuselage support structure. The nose is fitted with distinctive twin pitot probes and hinges up for service access. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,222 | The pilot flies the aircraft by means of a centre stick and left hand throttles. The pilot sits on a Zvezda K-36 ejection seat (similar to the Sukhoi Su-27) and has standard flight instruments. At the rear of the cockpit is a steel headrest, mounted on the rear bulkhead. The cockpit has a bathtub-shaped armoured enclos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,223 | The canopy hinges open to the right and the pilot enters using the flip-down ladder. Once inside, the pilot sits low in the cockpit, protected by the bathtub assembly, which makes for a cramped cockpit. Visibility from the cockpit is limited, being a trade-off for improved pilot protection. Rearwards visibility is poor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,224 | A folding ladder built into the left fuselage provides access to the cockpit as well as to the top of the aircraft. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,225 | The base model Su-25 incorporates a number of key avionics systems. It has no TV guidance but includes a distinctive nose-mounted laser rangefinder, that is thought to provide for laser-based target finding. A DISS-7 doppler radar is used for navigation; the Su-25 can fly at night, in visual and instrument meteorologic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,226 | The Su-25 often has radios installed for air-to-ground and air-to-air communications, including an SO-69 identification-friend-or-foe (IFF) transponder. The aircraft's self-defence suite includes various measures, such as flare and chaff dispensers capable of launching up to 250 flares and dipole chaff. Hostile radar u... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,227 | The newer Su-25TM and Su-25SM models have an upgraded avionics and weapons suite, resulting in improved survivability and combat capability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,228 | The first Soviet Air Forces Su-25 unit was the 80th Assault Aviation Regiment, formed in February 1981 based at Sitalcay air base in the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic. The first eleven aircraft arrived at Sitalchay in May 1981. The 200th Independent Assault Aviation Squadron was then formed within the regiment t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,229 | On 19 July 1981, the 200th Independent Attack Squadron was reassigned to Shindand Airbase in western Afghanistan, becoming the first Su-25 unit deployed to that country. Its main task was to conduct air strikes against mountain military positions and structures controlled by the Afghan rebels. Another Soviet Su-25 unit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,230 | Over the course of the Soviet–Afghan War, Su-25s launched 139 guided missiles of all types against Mujahideen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,231 | positions. On average, each aircraft performed 360 sorties a year, a total considerably higher than that of any other combat aircraft in Afghanistan. By the end of the war, nearly 50 Su-25s were deployed at Afghan airbases, carrying out a total of 60,000 sorties. Between the first deployment in 1981 and the end of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,232 | The Su-25 also saw combat during the Iran–Iraq War of 1980–88. The first Su-25s were commissioned by the Iraqi Air Force in 1987 and performed approximately 900 combat sorties towards the end of the war, carrying out the bulk of Iraqi air attack missions. During the most intense combat of the war, Iraqi Su-25s performe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,233 | During the Gulf War of 1991, the air superiority of the coalition forces was so great that the majority of Iraqi Su-25s did not even manage to get airborne. On 25 January 1991, seven Iraqi Air Force Su-25s fled from Iraq and landed in Iran. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,234 | On the evening of 6 February 1991, two US Air Force F-15C Eagle fighters of the 53rd Tactical Fighter Squadron, operating from Al Kharj Air Base in Saudi Arabia, intercepted a pair of Iraqi MiG-21s and a pair of Su-25s. All four Iraqi aircraft were shot down, with both Su-25s coming down in the desert not far from the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,235 | The Georgian government used Su-25s in 1992–93 against Abkhaz separatists during the First Abkhazian War. A Georgian Air Force Su-25 was shot down over Nizhnaya Eshera on 4 July 1993 by an 9K34 Strela-3 MANPADS. Another Georgian Su-25 was shot down on 13 July 1993 with a 9K32 Strela-2 MANPADS, while another Su-25 was d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,236 | Russian Su-25s were employed during the First Chechen War. Together with other Russian Air Force air assets, they achieved air supremacy for Russian Forces. On 29 November 1994, attacking all four Chechen military bases, Russian Su-25 from the 368th Assault Aviation Regiment (OShAP) destroyed up to 266 Chechen aircraft... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,237 | On 4 February 1995, a Russian Su-25 was shot down by ZSU-23-4 Shilka antiaircraft fire over Belgatoi Gekhi, five kilometers southeast of Grozny. The pilot, Maj. Nikolay Bairov, ejected but died impacting the ground as his parachute did not deploy on time. Another Su-25 piloted by Lt. Col. Evgeny Derkulsky was damaged b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,238 | On 4 April 1996, another Su-25 fell either to ZU-23-2 fire while either making a reconnaissance flight or attacking the village of Goiskoye. The pilot, Maj. Alexander Matvienko, ejected and was recovered by a friendly helicopter returning to the airbase in Khankala, Grozny. On 5 May 1996, a two-seat Su-25UB was downed ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,239 | Russian Air Force Su-25s were extensively used during the Second Chechen War in particular during the first phase when Russian forces were invading the self-proclaimed Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. Up to seven Russian Su-25s were lost, one to hostile fire: on 4 October 1999, a Su-25 was shot down by a MANPADS during a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,240 | Su-25 attack aircraft were used by the Ethiopian Air Force to strike Eritrean targets. On 15 May 2000, An Ethiopian Su-25 was shot down by an Eritrean Air Force MiG-29, killing the pilot. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,241 | Su-25s were used by the Macedonian Air Force during the conflict against Albanian separatists. Beginning on 24 June 2001, the aircraft made multiple attack runs against separatist positions. The most successful operation took place on 10 August 2001, in the village of Raduša, when Su-25s attacked Albanian militants who... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,242 | During the Ivorian Civil War, Su-25s were used by government forces to attack rebel targets. On 6 November 2004, at least one Ivorian Sukhoi Su-25 attacked a unit of France's Unicorn peacekeeping forces stationed in Bouaké at 1300, killing nine soldiers, a U.S. development worker and wounding 37 soldiers. Shortly after... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,243 | In August 2008, Su-25s were used by both Georgia and Russia during the 2008 Russia–Georgia war. Su-25s of the Georgian Air Force participated in providing air support for troops during Battle of Tskhinvali and launched bombing raids on targets in South Ossetia. Russian military Su-25s struck Georgian forces in South Os... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,244 | On 1 November 2012, two Iranian Su-25s fired cannon bursts at a USAF MQ-1 Predator drone off the Iranian coast. The Iranian government has claimed that the drone violated its airspace. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,245 | Ukrainian armed forces deployed aircraft over insurgent Eastern regions starting in spring 2014. On 26 May 2014, Ukrainian Su-25s supported Mi-24 helicopters during a military operation to regain control over the airport in Donetsk, during which the Su-25s fired air to ground rockets. On 2 July 2014, one Ukrainian Su-2... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,246 | On 16 July 2014, an Su-25 was shot down, with Ukrainian officials stating that a Russian MiG-29 shot it down using a R-27T missile. Russia denied these allegations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,247 | On 23 July 2014, two Su-25s were shot down in the Donetsk region of Ukraine. A spokesperson for the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine said the aircraft were shot down by missiles fired from Russia. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,248 | On 29 August 2014, a Ukrainian Su-25 was shot down by pro-Russian rebels. The Ukrainian authorities said the downing was due to a Russian missile without clarifying if they mean Russian made or fired by Russian forces. The pilot managed to eject safely. On the same day, pro-Russian rebels claimed the downing of up to f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,249 | On 9 February 2015, the pro-Russian forces indirectly acknowledged, for the first time, with a reference to a Ukrainian media source, their use of Su-25 against Ukrainian forces during the fighting near Debaltsevo. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,250 | On 29 June 2014, it was reported that Iraq claimed to have received the first batch of second hand Su-25s ordered from Russia in order to fight the Islamic State forces. An Iraqi defense ministry source claimed the aircraft would be in service "within three to four days", despite the fact that the Iraqis require techni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,251 | The Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps Air Force delivered seven Su-25s on 1 July 2014, the majority of which were ex-Iraqi aircraft from the Gulf War. They were quickly pushed into combat, performing air raids as early as the beginning of August 2014 and later expanding their area of operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,252 | Iraqi Su-25s flew the bulk of the sorties against the Islamic State, with 3562 missions between June 2014 and December 2017, by which time ISIS had lost control of all the territory it formerly controlled in Iraq. That compares to 514 sorties flown by the Iraqi fleet of F-16IQ fighters. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,253 | In September 2015, it was reported that at least a dozen Su-25 were deployed by Russia to an airfield near Latakia, Syria, to support the Russian forces there who were taking part in the Syrian offensive against ISIL. On 2 October 2015, Russian Su-24M and Su-25 attack aircraft destroyed an ISIL command post in the Idli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,254 | On 3 February 2018 a Russian Su-25 was shot down over Idlib by rebel fighters who used a MANPADS. A Syrian militant said that the pilot, Roman Filipov, ejected safely but killed himself with a grenade to avoid capture. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,255 | On 29 September 2020, Armenian Defense Ministry claimed that an Armenian Air Force Su-25 was shot down by a Turkish Air Force F-16, killing the pilot. However Turkey denied the allegation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,256 | On 4 October 2020, an Azerbaijani Air force Su-25 aircraft was shot down, by Armenian forces, probably by a 9K33 Osa while targeting Armenian positions in Fuzuli. The pilot, Col. Zaur Nudiraliyev died in the crash. Azerbaijani officials acknowledged the loss in December 2020, while disclosing a major role of manned avi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,257 | On 24 February 2022, Russia reported the loss of an Su-25 due to "pilot error." On 1 March, a Russian Su-25SM piloted by Ruslan Rudnev was lost over Ukraine. The next day, another Russian Su-25SM, registration number "RF-91961" - Red 07, was shot down in Makariv, Ukraine. On 4 March, two Russian Su-25SMs, the first wit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,258 | The Ukrainian Air force also operates Su-25s. On 26 February three Su-25s from the 299th Tactical Aviation Brigade were lost. "Blue 19" and "Blue 30" were shot down over the Kherson region. The pilots were presumed dead. Photos of the wrecks of the two Ukrainian aircraft were published. A third aircraft from the 299th ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,259 | The basic version of the aircraft was produced at Factory 31, at Tbilisi, in the Soviet Republic of Georgia. Between 1978 and 1989, 582 single-seat Su-25s were produced in Georgia, not including aircraft produced under the Su-25K export program. This variant of the aircraft represents the backbone of the Russian Air Fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,260 | The basic Su-25 model was used as the basis for a commercial export variant, known as the Su-25K ("Komercheskiy"). This model was also built at Factory 31 in Tbilisi, Georgia. The aircraft differed from the Soviet Air Force version in certain minor details concerning internal equipment. A total of 180 Su-25K aircraft w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,261 | The Su-25UB trainer ("Uchebno-Boyevoy") was drawn up in 1977. The first prototype, called "T-8UB-1", was rolled out in July 1985 and its maiden flight was carried out at the Ulan-Ude factory airfield on 12 August of that year. By the end of 1986, 25 Su-25UBs had been produced at Ulan-Ude before the twin-seater complete... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,262 | It was intended for training and evaluation flights of active-duty pilots, and for training pilot cadets at Soviet Air Force flying schools. The performance did not differ substantially from that of the single-seater. The navigation, attack, sighting devices and weapons-control systems of the two-seater enabled it to b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,263 | From 1986 to 1989, in parallel with the construction of the main Su-25UB combat training variant, the Ulan-Ude plant produced the so-called "commercial" Su-25UBK, intended for export to countries that bought the Su-25K, and with similar modifications to that aircraft. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,264 | The Su-25UBM is a twin seat variant that can be used as an operational trainer, but also has attack capabilities, and can be used for reconnaissance, target designation and airborne control. Its first flight was on 6 December 2008 and it was certified in December 2010. It will enter operational use with the Russian Air... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,265 | The Su-25UTG ("Uchebno-Trenirovochnyy s Gakom") is a variant of the Su-25UB designed to train pilots in takeoff and landing on a land-based simulated carrier deck, with a sloping ski-jump section and arrester wires. The first one flew in September 1988, and approximately 10 were produced. About half remained in Russian... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,266 | The Su-25BM ("Buksirovshchik Misheney") is a target-towing variant of the Su-25 whose development began in 1986. The prototype, designated T-8BM1, successfully flew for the first time on 22 March 1990, at Tbilisi. After completion of the test phase, the aircraft was put into production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,267 | The Su-25BM target-tower was designed to provide towed target facilities for training ground forces and naval personnel in ground-to-air or naval surface-to-air missile systems. It is powered by an R-195 engine and equipped with an RSDN-10 long-range navigation system, an analogue of the Western LORAN system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,268 | The Su-25T ("Tankovy") is a dedicated antitank version, which has been combat-tested with notable success in Chechnya. The design of the aircraft is similar to the Su-25UB. The variant was converted to one-seater, with the rear seat replaced by additional avionics. It has all-weather and night attack capability. In add... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,269 | A second-generation Su-25T, the "Su-25TM" (also designated "Su-39"), has been developed with improved navigation and attack systems, and better survivability. While retaining the built-in "Shkval" of Su-25T, it may carry "Kopyo" (rus. "Spear") radar in the container under fuselage, which is used for engaging air target... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,270 | The Su-25SM ("Stroyevoy Modernizirovannyi") is an "affordable" upgrade programme for the Su-25, conceived by the Russian Air Force in 2000. The programme stems from the attempted Su-25T and Su-25TM upgrades, which were evaluated and labeled as over-sophisticated and expensive. The SM upgrade incorporates avionics enhan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,271 | The Su-25SM's all-new PRnK-25SM "Bars" navigation/attack suite is built around the BTsVM-90 digital computer system, originally planned for the Su-25TM upgrade programme. Navigation and attack precision provided by the new suite is three times better of the baseline Su-25 and is reported to be within using satellite co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,272 | A new KA1-1-01 Head-Up Display (HUD) was added providing, among other things, double the field of view of the original ASP-17BTs-8 electro-optical sight. Other systems and components incorporated during the upgrade include a Multi-Function Display (MFD), RSBN-85 Short Range Aid to Navigation (SHORAN), ARK-35-1 Automati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,273 | The R-95sh engines have been overhauled and modified with an anti-surge system installed. The system is designed to improve the resistance of the engine to ingested powders and gases during gun and rocket salvo firing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,274 | The combination of reconditioned and new equipment, with increased automation and self-test capability has allowed for a reduction of pre- and post-flight maintenance by some 25 to 30%. Overall weight savings are around . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,275 | Su-25SM weapon suite has been expanded with the addition of the Vympel R-73 highly agile air-to-air missile (albeit without helmet mounted cueing and only the traditional longitudinal seeker mode) and the S-13T 130 mm rockets (carried in five-round B-13 pods) with blast-fragmentation and armour-piercing warheads. Furth... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,276 | The eventual procurement programme is expected to include between 100 and 130 kits, covering 60 to 70 percent of the Russian Air Force active single-seat fleet, as operated in the early 2000s. On 21 February 2012, Air Force spokesman Col. Vladimir Drik said that Russia will continue to upgrade its Su-25 attack aircraft... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,277 | Since early 2014, the 368th Assault Aviation Regiment of the 4th Air and Air Defence Forces Army at Budyonnovsk has received advanced Su-25SMs (probably 16 aircraft). Nine more were delivered in 2018, eight more in early 2019 and four more in early 2020 plus one more in early 2021. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,278 | Since 2018, the Aerospace Forces [VKS] have been receiving Su-25SM3s, and a total of 25 aircraft have already been delivered as of June 2019. Unlike the baseline Su-25 and its incrementally upgraded variant, the Su-25SM, both of which have a rather outdated Klen-PS laser target designator in the nose, the Su-25SM3 has ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,279 | As a result from combat experience in Syria the Su-25SM3 has been equipped with SVP-24 navigation and bombing aids that improve the accuracy of unguided bombs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,280 | The ("Komercheski, Modernized"), nicknamed "Scorpion", is an Su-25 upgrade programme announced in early 2001 by the original manufacturer, Tbilisi Aircraft Manufacturing in Georgia, in partnership with Elbit Systems of Israel. The prototype aircraft made its maiden flight on 18 April 2001 at Tbilisi in full Georgian Ai... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,281 | The aircraft uses a standard Su-25 airframe, enhanced with advanced avionics including a glass cockpit, digital map generator, helmet-mounted display, computerised weapons system, complete mission pre-plan capability, and fully redundant backup modes. Performance enhancements include a highly accurate navigation system... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,282 | The Sukhoi Su-28 (also designated "Su-25UT" – "Uchebno-Trenirovochnyy") is an advanced basic jet trainer, built on the basis of the Su-25UB as a private initiative by the Sukhoi Design Bureau. The Su-28 is a light aircraft designed to replace the Czechoslovak Aero L-39 Albatros. Unlike the basic Su-25UB, it lacks a wea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=366696 |
16,283 | The scientific method is an empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century (with notable practitioners in previous centuries; see the article history of scientific method for additional detail.) It involves careful observation, applying rigorou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26833 |
16,284 | Although procedures vary from one field of inquiry to another, the underlying process is frequently the same from one field to another. The process in the scientific method involves making conjectures (hypothetical explanations), deriving predictions from the hypotheses as logical consequences, and then carrying out ex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26833 |
16,285 | The purpose of an experiment is to determine whether observations agree with or conflict with the expectations deduced from a hypothesis. Experiments can take place anywhere from a garage to a remote mountaintop to CERN's Large Hadron Collider. There are difficulties in a formulaic statement of method, however. Though ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26833 |
16,286 | Important debates in the history of science concern skepticism that anything can be known for sure (such as views of Francisco Sanches), rationalism (especially as advocated by René Descartes), inductivism, empiricism (as argued for by Francis Bacon, then rising to particular prominence with Isaac Newton and his follow... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26833 |
16,287 | The term "scientific method" emerged in the 19th century, when a significant institutional development of science was taking place and terminologies establishing clear boundaries between science and non-science, such as "scientist" and "pseudoscience", appeared. Throughout the 1830s and 1850s, at which time Baconianism... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26833 |
16,288 | The term "scientific method" came into popular use in the twentieth century; Dewey's 1910 book, "How We Think", inspired popular guidelines, popping up in dictionaries and science textbooks, although there was little consensus over its meaning. Although there was growth through the middle of the twentieth century, by t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26833 |
16,289 | Later stances include physicist Lee Smolin's 2013 essay "There Is No Scientific Method", in which he espouses two ethical principles, and historian of science Daniel Thurs's chapter in the 2015 book "Newton's Apple and Other Myths about Science", which concluded that the scientific method is a myth or, at best, an idea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26833 |
16,290 | Staddon (2017) argues it is a mistake to try following rules in the absence of an algorithmic scientific method; in that case, "science is best understood through examples". But algorithmic methods, such as "disproof of existing theory by experiment" have been used since Alhacen (1027) "Book of Optics", and Galileo (16... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26833 |
16,291 | The ubiquitous element in the scientific method is empiricism. This is in opposition to stringent forms of rationalism: the scientific method embodies the position that reason alone cannot solve a particular scientific problem. A strong formulation of the scientific method is not always aligned with a form of empiricis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26833 |
16,292 | Different early expressions of empiricism and the scientific method can be found throughout history, for instance with the ancient Stoics, Epicurus, Alhazen, Avicenna, Roger Bacon, and William of Ockham. From the 16th century onwards, experiments were advocated by Francis Bacon, and performed by Giambattista della Port... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26833 |
16,293 | A sea voyage from America to Europe afforded C. S. Peirce the distance to clarify his ideas, gradually resulting in the hypothetico-deductive model. Formulated in the 20th century, the model has undergone significant revision since first proposed (for a more formal discussion, see ). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26833 |
16,294 | The scientific method is the process by which science is carried out. As in other areas of inquiry, science (through the scientific method) can build on previous knowledge and develop a more sophisticated understanding of its topics of study over time. This model can be seen to underlie the scientific revolution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26833 |
16,295 | The overall process involves making conjectures (hypotheses), deriving predictions from them as logical consequences, and then carrying out experiments based on those predictions to determine whether the original conjecture was correct. There are difficulties in a formulaic statement of method, however. Though the scie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26833 |
16,296 | The question can refer to the explanation of a specific observation, as in "Why is the sky blue?" but can also be open-ended, as in "How can I design a drug to cure this particular disease?" This stage frequently involves finding and evaluating evidence from previous experiments, personal scientific observations or ass... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26833 |
16,297 | A hypothesis is a conjecture, based on knowledge obtained while formulating the question, that may explain any given behavior. The hypothesis might be very specific; for example, Einstein's equivalence principle or Francis Crick's "DNA makes RNA makes protein", or it might be broad; for example, "unknown species of lif... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26833 |
16,298 | A statistical hypothesis is a conjecture about a given statistical population. For example, the population might be "people with a particular disease". One conjecture might be that a new drug will cure the disease in some of the people in that population, as in a clinical trial of the drug. A null hypothesis would conj... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26833 |
16,299 | An alternative to the null hypothesis, to be falsifiable, must say that a treatment program with the drug does better than chance. To test the statement "a treatment program with the drug does better than chance", an experiment is designed in which a portion of the population (the control group), is to be left untreate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26833 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.