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17,700 | In the same period, Morocco started receiving 16 F-5Es and four F-5Fs, that had been ordered in 1979 thanks to Saudi financing. Deliveries lasted from 1981 to 1983. Shortly after their arrival, the F-5Es were fitted with the same radar warning receivers as the RF-5As and F-5Bs; they also received in-flight refuelling p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,701 | Starting in 1990, Morocco received 12 more F-5Es from the United States, a total of 24 F-5Es having been upgraded to the F-5TIII standard. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,702 | The Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF) received 75 F-5A single seat fighters and 30 F-5B dual–seat trainers. They were license built in Canada by Canadair respectively as NF-5As and Bs in the 1969 CL-226 production line. These aircraft equalled the Canadian CF-5A and CF-5D versions with more powerful engines fitted. T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,703 | During the RNLAF transition to the F-16, the NF-5s and Bs were stored at Gilze-Rijen and Woensdrecht air bases. 60 aircraft were sold to Turkey, 11 to Greece and 7 to Venezuela. Some aircraft have been written off during their operational life due to crashes and some remaining aircraft are displayed in museums or used ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,704 | The Royal Norwegian Air Force received 108 Freedom Fighters: 16 RF-5A, 78 F-5A and 14 F-5B. The first 64 were received as military aid. They were used by six squadrons, the first and last being 336 Squadron receiving the first aircraft in February 1966 (formal handing-over ceremony a month later), and deactivating in A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,705 | In October 2011 five F-5A single seaters were given to aircraft maintenance schools around the country; including the Skedsmo, Sola, Bodø, and Bardufoss high schools, and the Royal Norwegian Air Force's training center at Kristiansand Airport, Kjevik. The aircraft were disassembled at Moss Airport, Rygge, before delive... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,706 | The Philippine Air Force acquired 37 F-5A and F-5B from 1965 to 1998. The F-5A/Bs were used by the 6th Tactical Fighter Squadron (Cobras) of the 5th Fighter Wing and the Blue Diamonds aerobatic team, replacing the F-86F Sabre previously used by 1965 and 1968 respectively. The F-5s also underwent an upgrade which equipp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,707 | In 2005, the Philippines decommissioned its remaining F-5A/B fleet, including those received from Taiwan and South Korea. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,708 | The Republic of Korea Air Force (ROKAF) purchased F-5A/Bs in 1965, and it purchased F-5Es in August 1974. KF-5 variants were built by Korean Air under license between 1982 and 1986. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,709 | The F-5E/Fs and KF-5E/Fs were to be replaced by FA-50s and after 2001, by the plans to eventually field the Korean F-X Phase 3. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,710 | Singapore is an important operator of the F-5E/F variant, first ordering the aircraft in 1976 during a massive expansion of the city-state's armed forces; delivery of this first batch of 18 F-5Es and three F-5Fs was completed by late February 1979, equipping the newly formed-up No. 144 "Black Kite" Squadron at Tengah A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,711 | Another order for six more F-5Es was placed in 1985, these were delivered the same year and would go on to equip the newly formed-up No. 149 "Shikra" Squadron at "Tengah". The following year, the RSAF placed an order for its final batch of three F-5Fs and five F-5Es, these were delivered in December 1987 and July 1989,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,712 | From 1990 to 1991, using jigs and toolings purchased from Northrop, Singapore Aircraft Industries (SAI, now ST Aerospace) converted eight existing F-5Es into RF-5E Tigereye variant. Subsequently, these were used to reequip No. 141 "Merlin" Squadron, which had traded in their older Hawker Hunter FR.74S for the newer Tig... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,713 | In 1991, SAI was awarded a contract as the prime contractor to modernize all RSAF F-5E/Fs (including the 7 ex-Jordanian F-5Es); Elbit Systems was the sub-contractor responsible for systems integration. Upgrades include a new X band multi-mode radar (the Italian "FIAR Grifo-F", with Beyond-visual-range missile and Look-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,714 | In addition, the starboard M39 20 mm cannon mounted in the nose was removed to make way for additional avionics (the sole cannon on the two-seaters was removed because of this), and to improve maneuverability, upgraded aircraft received larger leading edge root extensions (LERX). The process began in March 1996 and was... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,715 | By end of 2009, the type had accumulated more than 170,000 hours of flight time in Singapore service with only two F-5Es being lost in separate accidents (in 1984 and 1991, respectively). As of June 2011, only 141 and 144 Squadron are left operating the RF-5S and F-5S/T, as 149 Squadron has since formally transitioned ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,716 | The Swiss Air Force flies a total of 22 F-5E and 4 F-5F aircraft, down from a peak of 98 and 12 in 1981. They were chosen chiefly because of their excellent performance, suitability for the unique Swiss Air Force mission, and their relatively low maintenance cost per flight hour. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,717 | It had been expected these aircraft would be replaced by the Saab JAS 39 Gripen, but in May 2014, a referendum by the Swiss people decided against the purchase of the Gripens. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,718 | For the foreseeable future, the Swiss Air Force will continue to fly its present F-5s. There are still plans by the Swiss Air Force and in the Swiss parliament to fly 18 F-5E and four F-5F models. This would also include the continued operation of the Patrouille Suisse, in F-5Es until 2018. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,719 | In September 2020 the Swiss people voted yes in a referendum to get a replacement. With 50.1% to 49.9% and only 8670 votes between. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,720 | The Republic of China Air Force (ROCAF, Taiwan's air force) received its first batch of seven F-5As and two F-5Bs under the U.S. Military Assistance Program in 1965. By 1971, the ROCAF was operating 72 F-5As and 11 F-5Bs. During 1972, the U.S. borrowed 48 ROCAF F-5As to lend to the Republic of Vietnam Air Force before ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,721 | With the introduction of 150 F-16s, 60 Mirage 2000-5s and 130 F-CK-1s in the mid-to-late-1990s, the F-5E/F series became second line fighters in ROCAF service and mostly are now withdrawn from service as squadrons converted to new fighters entering ROCAF service. Seven low airframe hours F-5Es were sent to ST Aerospace... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,722 | Taiwan also tried to upgrade the F-5E/F fleet with AIDC's Tiger 2000/2001 program. The first flight took place on 24 July 2002. The program would replace the F-5E/F's radar with F-CK-1's GD-53 radar and allow the fighter to carry a single TC-2 BVRAAM on the centerline. But lack of interest from the ROCAF eventually kil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,723 | On 22 March 2021, two Taiwanese pilots flying F-5E's crashed into each other during a training mission resulting in the third crash within the last six months. Two pilots died after the crash. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,724 | In June 1967, the US donated the surviving aircraft of 10th FCS USAF to South Vietnam. The president of South Vietnam had asked the US for F-4 Phantoms, but these were in high demand and the Republic of Vietnam Air Force (RVNAF) was flying only ground support missions, operating only Douglas A-1 Skyraider attackers at ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,725 | When South Vietnam was overrun by NVA forces on 30 April 1975, approximately 877 aircraft were captured by the communists. Of that number, 87 were reported as F-5As and 27 were F-5Es. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,726 | In November 1975, the Vietnamese government gave the Soviet military an opportunity to select captured US equipment for research and intelligence purposes. A complete F-5, along with two complete spare engines, spare parts, and ground support equipment, were loaded onto a Soviet cargo ship. Several other F-5s were late... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,727 | The Vietnam People's Air Force (VPAF) reportedly used 41 F-5s operationally. Others were decommissioned and put on display at museums in Vietnam. The 935th Fighter Regiment of the VPAF 372nd Air Division became the only unit in the world to simultaneously fly both the MiG-21 and F-5. The type was used for combat by the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,728 | Gradually, a lack of critical spare parts in Vietnam caused initially by a US embargo and later by termination of manufacturing and dwindling stocks – grounded the remaining F-5s. However, in May 2017 it was reported that the VNAF was considering upgrading particular systems in some retired aircraft, in order to put th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,729 | After a reorganization of the Venezuelan Air Force in the late 1960s, the government realized that it was time to replace its obsolete de Havilland Vampires and Venoms active at that time, as well as the last surviving F-86 Sabres in active duty. In 1971, 54 Canadian-built CF-5As were put in storage, after the RCAF cou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,730 | The F-5 became the first military plane in Venezuela capable of flying at supersonic speeds. After a legal dispute between Canadair and Northrop, two more CF-5Ds were built and delivered to Venezuela in 1974. Their first base of operations was the General Rafael Urdaneta Air Base in Maracaibo. After 1974, the fleet was... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,731 | In 1979, after several upgrades to the fleet's communication, navigation and approximation equipment, the aircraft were renamed VF-5s, designating the CF-5As as VF-5As and the CF-5Ds as VF-5Ds. Venezuelan F-5s could also carry weaponry such as the AIM-9 Sidewinder missile, Mk.82 and M117 bombs, and 70mm rocket launcher... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,732 | In 1991, after tensions between Colombia and Venezuela almost led to a conflict, the air force started yet another modernization program for the F-5s, called "Proyecto Grifo" (Project Gryphon). Some aircraft (VF-5D number 5681 and VF-5A number 9124) were sent to Singapore for testing, then brought back for upgrade of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,733 | In 1992, during the coup d'état attempt against president Carlos Andres Perez, 3 F-5s were lost to a rebel-operated OV-10 Bronco bombing Barquisimeto Air Base. The failed coup delayed the modernization program for a year, finally coming together in 1993. The fleet was equipped with inertial laser navigation systems (si... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,734 | In 2002, small upgrades were made to the remaining F-5s. The fleet was kept operational until 2010, when a batch of Hongdu JL-8s was delivered as their replacement. By late 2010, it was known that at least one VF-5D was in flight-worthy condition; it is unknown if more aircraft are in operational condition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,735 | In March 1979, following North Yemen's defeat in the Yemenite War of 1979, the United States gave Saudi Arabia the permission to transfer four Northrop F-5B trainers to North Yemen. Additionally, Saudi Arabia financed the procurement of twelve F-5E fighters. By the end of the year, all 16 aircraft had arrived. This did... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,736 | North Yemeni F-5Es have seen combat during the 1994 civil war. On 6 May, two South Yemeni MiG-21s were claimed shot down by Major Nabi Ali Ahmad, using AIM-9 Sidewinder missiles. According to South Yemeni sources, only one MiG-21bis was shot down in an air combat, and its pilot killed. Reportedly, the North Yemenis sub... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,737 | Following the North's victory in the civil war, the F-5 fleet was integrated into the unified Yemeni Air Force. However, the number of F-5s in service declined over the years. In 2003, negotiations with Singapore for the overhaul and upgrade of the remaining aircraft. However, nothing came out of it. Around 2010, only ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,738 | Saudi Arabia deployed F-5Es during the Gulf War, flying close air support and aerial interdiction missions against Iraqi units in Kuwait. One Royal Saudi Air Force F-5E was lost to ground fire on 13 February 1991, resulting in the death of the pilot. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,739 | The Hellenic Air Force was the first European air force to receive the Freedom Fighter. The first F-5As were delivered in 1965, and over the next 8 years a total of about 70 F-5A/Bs were operational. The Hellenic Air Force bought an additional 10 F-5A/Bs from Iran in 1975, and around the same period another batch of 10... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,740 | AeroGroup, a private commercial company in the US, operates the CF-5B as a fighter lead-in aircraft for training and for other support services. There were 17 aircraft originally purchased from the Canadian Government with U.S. State Department approval and then imported into the US in 2006. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,741 | Since 2013, Tunisian F-5s have been used in strike missions in support of major military offensives in the border region of Mount Chaambi against Ansar al-Sharia and al-Qaeda-linked militants. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,742 | In comparison to later fighters, the improved F-5E had some weaknesses; these included marginal acceleration, rearward visibility, and fuel fraction, and a lack of Beyond Visual Range (BVR) weapons once such radar–guided missiles became reliable during the 1980s. The F-5G, later renamed the F-20 Tigershark, aimed to co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,743 | The Northrop YF-17's main design elements date from the F-5 based internal Northrop project N-300. The N-300 featured a longer fuselage, small leading-edge root extensions (LERX), and more powerful GE15-J1A1 turbojets. The wing was moved higher on the fuselage to increase ordnance flexibility. The N-300 further evolved... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,744 | A single ex-USN F-5E was modified to carry out research into reducing noise from supersonic flight by shaping the shock waves produced by the aircraft. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11142 |
17,745 | The University of Cambridge is a public collegiate research university in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1209 and granted a royal charter by Henry III in 1231, Cambridge is the world's third oldest surviving university and one of its most prestigious, currently ranked second-best in the world and the best in Europe by ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,746 | The University of Cambridge's 13th-century founding was largely inspired by an association of scholars then who fled the University of Oxford for Cambridge following the "suspendium clericorium" (hanging of the scholars) in a dispute with local townspeople. The two ancient English universities, though sometimes describ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,747 | By both endowment size and material consolidated assets, Cambridge is the wealthiest university in Europe and among the wealthiest in the world. In the 2019 fiscal year, the central university, excluding colleges, had total income of £2.192 billion, £592.4 million of which was from research grants and contracts. The ce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,748 | Prior to the founding of the University of Cambridge in 1209, Cambridge and the area surrounding it already had developed a scholarly and ecclesiastical reputation, due largely to the intellectual reputation and contribution of monks from the nearby bishopric church of Ely. The founding of the University of Cambridge, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,749 | Pope Gregory IX' s bull gave Cambridge graduates the right to teach everywhere in Christendom. After Cambridge was described as a "studium generale" in a letter from Pope Nicholas IV in 1290, and confirmed as such Pope John XXII's 1318 papal bull, it became common for researchers from other European medieval universiti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,750 | The colleges at the University of Cambridge were originally an incidental feature of the university; no college is as old as the university itself. The colleges were endowed fellowships of scholars. There were also institutions without endowments, called hostels, which were gradually absorbed by the colleges over the c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,751 | Hugh de Balsham, Bishop of Ely, founded Peterhouse, Cambridge's first college, in 1284. Multiple additional colleges were founded during the 14th and 15th centuries, but colleges continued being established through modern times, though there was a 204-year gap between the founding of Sidney Sussex in 1596 and that of D... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,752 | In medieval times, many colleges were founded so that their members could pray for the souls of the founders. University of Cambridge colleges often were associated with chapels or abbeys. The colleges' focus began to shift in 1536, however, with the Dissolution of the Monasteries. Henry VIII ordered the university to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,753 | Nearly a century later, the university found itself at the centre of a Protestant schism. Many nobles, intellectuals, and even commoners saw the Church of England as too similar to the Catholic Church and felt that it was being used by The Crown to usurp the counties' rightful powers. East Anglia emerged as the centre ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,754 | The university quickly established itself as a global leader in the study of mathematics. Examination in mathematics was initially compulsory for all undergraduates studying for the Bachelor of Arts degree, the most common degree first offered at Cambridge. From the time of Isaac Newton in the late 17th century until t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,755 | The Cambridge Mathematical Tripos is highly competitive and has helped produce some of the most famous names in British science, including James Clerk Maxwell, Lord Kelvin, and Lord Rayleigh. However, some famous students, such as G. H. Hardy, disliked the Tripos system, feeling that students were becoming too interest... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,756 | Pure mathematics at Cambridge in the 19th century achieved great things, but also missed out on substantial developments in French and German mathematics. Pure mathematical research at Cambridge finally reached the highest international standard in the early 20th century, thanks largely to G. H. Hardy and his collabora... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,757 | Although diversified in its research and teaching interests, Cambridge today maintains its traditional strength as a world leader in the teaching of mathematics. Cambridge alumni have won six Fields Medals and one Abel Prize for mathematics, and individuals representing Cambridge have won four additional Fields Medals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,758 | The Cambridge University Act 1856 formalised the university's organisational structure and introduced the study of many new subjects, including theology, history and Modern languages. Resources necessary for new courses in the arts, architecture, and archaeology were donated by Viscount Fitzwilliam of Trinity College, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,759 | The University of Cambridge began to award PhD degrees in the first third of the 20th century; the first Cambridge PhD in mathematics was awarded in 1924. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,760 | The university contributed significantly to the Allies' forces in World War I with 13,878 members of the university serving and 2,470 being killed in the war. Teaching, and the fees it earned, nearly came to a stop during World War I, and severe financial difficulties followed. As a result, the university received its ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,761 | Cambridge was one of only two universities to hold parliamentary seats in the Parliament of England and was later one of only eight represented in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The constituency was created by a Royal charter of 1603 and returned two members of parliament until 1950 when it was abolished by the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,762 | For the first several centuries of its existence, as was the case broadly in England and the world, the University of Cambridge was only open to male students. The first colleges established for women were Girton College (founded by Emily Davies in 1869) and Newnham College (founded by Anne Clough and Henry Sidgwick in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,763 | Beginning in 1921, women were awarded diplomas that conferred the title associated with the Bachelor of Arts degree. But since women were not yet admitted to the Bachelor of Arts degree program, women were excluded from the university's governance structure. Since students must belong to a college, and since establishe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,764 | The relationship between the university and the city has sometimes been uneasy. The phrase town and gown is employed to distinguish between Cambridge residents and University of Cambridge students, who historically wore academical dress. There are many stories of ferocious rivalry between Cambridge's residents and univ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,765 | Such conflicts between Cambridge's residents and university students have largely disappeared. The university is a source of enormous employment and expanded wealth in Cambridge and the region. The university also has proven a source of enormous growth in high tech and biotech start-ups and established companies and as... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,766 | Partly because of the University of Cambridge's extensive eight century history, the university has developed a large number of traditions, myths, and legends. Some are true, some are not, and some were true but have been discontinued but have been propagated nonetheless by generations of students and tour guides. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,767 | One such discontinued tradition is that of the wooden spoon, the prize awarded to the student with the lowest passing honours grade in the final examinations of the Mathematical Tripos. The last of these spoons was awarded in 1909 to Cuthbert Lempriere Holthouse, an oarsman of the Lady Margaret Boat Club of St John's C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,768 | Each Christmas Eve, The Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols sung by the Choir of King's College, Cambridge are broadcast globally on BBC World Service television and radio and syndicated to hundreds of additional radio stations in the U.S. and elsewhere. The radio broadcast has been a national Christmas Eve tradition s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,769 | The university occupies a central location within the city of Cambridge with the students taking up a roughly 20 percent of the town's population, and contributing on whole to a lower age demographic in the city. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,770 | Most of the university's older colleges are situated nearby the city centre, through which flows River Cam, which students and others traditionally punt to appreciate the university buildings and surroundings viewable from the river. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,771 | Other notable buildings include King's College Chapel, the history faculty building designed by James Stirling, and the Cripps Building at St John's College. The brickwork of several colleges is notable: Queens' College has "some of the earliest patterned brickwork in the country" and the brick walls of St John's Colle... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,772 | The university's School of Clinical Medicine is based in Addenbrooke's Hospital, where medical students undergo their three-year clinical placement period after obtaining their BA degree. The West Cambridge site is undergoing a major expansion and will host new buildings and fields for university sports. Since 1990, Ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,773 | Given that the sites are in relative proximity and the area around Cambridge is reasonably flat, one of the favourite modes of transport for students is the bicycle; an estimated fifth of journeys in the city are made by bike, a figure enhanced by the fact that students are not permitted to hold car park permits except... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,774 | The University of Cambridge and its constituency campuses include many notable locations, some iconic, of historical, academic, religious, and cultural significance, including: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,775 | Cambridge is defined as a collegiate university, meaning that it is made up of self-governing and independent colleges, each with its own property and income. Most colleges bring together academics and students from a broad range of disciplines. Within each faculty, school, or department within the university, are acad... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,776 | The faculties are responsible for ensuring that lectures are given, arranging seminars, performing research and determining the syllabi for teaching, all of which is overseen by the university's general board. Together with the central administration headed by the Vice-Chancellor, they make up the University of Cambrid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,777 | Legally, the university is an exempt charity and a common law corporation with the corporate title The Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,778 | The colleges are self-governing institutions with their own endowments and property, each founded as components of the university. All students and most academics are attached to a college. The colleges' importance lies in the housing, welfare, social functions, and undergraduate teaching they provide. All faculties, d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,779 | Cambridge has 31 colleges, two of which, Murray Edwards and Newnham, admit women only. The other colleges are mixed. Darwin was the first college to admit both men and women while, beginning in 1972, Churchill, Clare, and King's were the first previously all-male colleges to admit female undergraduates. In 1988, Magdal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,780 | Colleges are not required to admit students in all subjects; some colleges choose not to offer subjects such as architecture, art history, or theology, but most offer close to the complete range of academic specialties and related courses. Some colleges maintain a relative strength and associated reputation for experti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,781 | Costs to students for room and board vary considerably from college to college. Similarly, the investment in student education by each college at the university varies widely between the colleges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,782 | There are several theological colleges, including Westcott House, Westminster College, and Ridley Hall Theological College, that are members of the Cambridge Theological Federation and only informally associated with the university. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,783 | In addition to the 31 colleges, the university is made up of over 150 departments, faculties, schools, syndicates, and other institutions. Members of these are usually members of one of the colleges with responsibility for the entire academic programme of the university divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,784 | The university has a department dedicated to providing continuing education, the Institute of Continuing Education, which is based primarily in Madingley Hall, a 16th-century manor house in Cambridgeshire. Its award-bearing programmes range from undergraduate certificates through part-time master's degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,785 | A school in the University of Cambridge is a broad administrative grouping of related faculties and other units. Each has an elected supervisory body known as a Council, composed of representatives of the various constituent bodies. The University of Cambridge maintains six schools: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,786 | Teaching and research at the university is organised by faculties. The faculties have different organisational substructures that partly reflect their history and partly the university's operational needs, which may include a number of departments and other institutions. A small number of bodies called Syndicates hold ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,787 | The Chancellor of the university is limitless term position that is mainly ceremonial and is held currently by David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville, who succeeded the Duke of Edinburgh following his retirement on his 90th birthday in June 2011. Lord Sainsbury was nominated by the nomination board. The election ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,788 | The current Acting Vice-Chancellor is Anthony Freeling. While the Chancellor's office is ceremonial, the Vice-Chancellor is the university's "de facto" principal administrative officer. The university's internal governance is carried out almost entirely by Regent House augmented by some external representation from the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,789 | The university Senate consists of all holders of the MA degree or higher degrees and is responsible for electing the Chancellor, the High Steward, and two members of the House of Commons (until the Cambridge University constituency was abolished in 1950). Prior to 1926, the university Senate was the university's govern... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,790 | Although the University Council is the university's principal executive and policy-making body, the Council reports to, and is held accountable by, Regent House through a variety of checks and balances. The council is obliged to advise Regent House on matters of general concern to the university. It does this by publis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,791 | The General Board of the Faculties is responsible for the university's academic and educational policies and is accountable to the council for its management of these affairs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,792 | Faculty Boards are accountable to the General Board; other Boards and Syndicates are accountable either to the General Board or to the council. Under this organizational structure, the university's various arms are kept under the supervision of both the central administration and Regent House. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,793 | In the fiscal year ending 31 July 2019, the central university, excluding colleges, reported total income of £2.192 billion, of which £592.4 million was from research grants and contracts. In the decade prior to 2019, the University of Cambridge reported an average of £271m a year in philanthropic donations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,794 | The Stormzy Scholarship for Black UK Students covers tuition costs for two students and maintenance grants for up to four years. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,795 | In 2000, Bill Gates of Microsoft donated US$210 million through the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to endow Gates Scholarships for students from outside the UK pursuing post-graduate study at Cambridge. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,796 | In October 2021, the university suspended its £400m collaboration with the United Arab Emirates, citing allegation that the UAE was involved in illegal hacking using the NSO Group's Pegasus software. UAE also was behind the leak of over 50,000 phone numbers, including hundreds belonging to British citizens. The univers... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,797 | The University of Cambridge borrowed £350 million by issuing a 40-year security bond in October 2012. Its interest rate is about 0.6 percent higher than a British government 40-year bond. Vice-Chancellor Leszek Borysiewicz praised the bond issuance. In a 2010 report, the Russell Group of 20 leading universities conclud... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,798 | The University of Cambridge is a member of the Russell Group of research-led British universities, the G5, the League of European Research Universities, and the International Alliance of Research Universities, and forms part of the so-called golden triangle of research intensive and southern English universities. It is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
17,799 | Admission to the University of Cambridge is competitive: in 2018–2019, 18.8% of applicants were admitted. In 2021, Cambridge introduced an over-subscription clause to its offers, which allows the university to withdraw acceptances if too many students meet its selective entrance criteria. The clause can be invoked in t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25978572 |
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