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9,700 | One B-26, piloted by Lieutenant James Muri, after dropping his torpedo and searching for a safer escape route, flew directly down the length of "Akagi" while being chased by interceptors and anti-aircraft fire, which had to hold their fire to avoid hitting their own flagship. As it flew down the length of the ship, the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,701 | While the air strikes from Midway were going on, the American submarine "Nautilus" (Lt. Commander William Brockman) found herself near the Japanese fleet, attracting attention from the escorts. Around 08:20, she made an unsuccessful torpedo attack on a battleship and then had to dive to evade the escorts. At 09:10, she... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,702 | In accordance with Yamamoto's orders for Operation MI, Admiral Nagumo had kept half of his aircraft in reserve. These comprised two squadrons each of dive bombers and torpedo bombers. The dive bombers were as yet unarmed (this was doctrinal: dive bombers were to be armed on the flight deck). The torpedo bombers were ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,703 | At 07:15, Nagumo ordered his reserve planes to be re-armed with contact-fused general-purpose bombs for use against land targets. This was a result of the attacks from Midway, as well as of the morning flight leader's recommendation of a second strike. Re-arming had been underway for about 30 minutes when, at 07:40, th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,704 | Nagumo quickly reversed his order to re-arm the bombers with general-purpose bombs and demanded that the scout plane ascertain the composition of the American force. Another 20–40 minutes elapsed before "Tone"s scout finally radioed the presence of a single carrier in the American force. This was one of the carriers fr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,705 | Nagumo was now in a quandary. Rear Admiral Tamon Yamaguchi, leading Carrier Division 2 ("Hiryū" and "Sōryū"), recommended that Nagumo strike immediately with the forces at hand: 16 Aichi D3A1 dive bombers on "Sōryū" and 18 on "Hiryū", and half the ready cover patrol aircraft. Nagumo's opportunity to hit the American sh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,706 | The few aircraft on the Japanese flight decks at the time of the attack were either defensive fighters or, in the case of "Sōryū", fighters being spotted to augment the combat air patrol. Spotting his flight decks and launching aircraft would have required at least 30 minutes. Furthermore, by spotting and launching imm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,707 | Japanese naval doctrine preferred the launching of fully constituted strikes rather than piecemeal attacks. Without confirmation of whether the American force included carriers (not received until 08:20), Nagumo's reaction was doctrinaire. In addition, the arrival of another land-based American air strike at 07:53 gave... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,708 | Had Nagumo elected to launch the available aircraft around 07:45 and risked the ditching of Tomonaga's strike force, they would have formed a powerful and well-balanced strike package that had the potential to sink two American carriers. Furthermore, fueled and armed aircraft inside the ships presented a significant ad... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,709 | The Americans had already launched their carrier aircraft against the Japanese. Fletcher, in overall command aboard "Yorktown", and benefiting from PBY sighting reports from the early morning, ordered Spruance to launch against the Japanese as soon as was practical, while initially holding "Yorktown" in reserve in case... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,710 | Spruance judged that, though the range was extreme, a strike could succeed and gave the order to launch the attack. He then left Halsey's Chief of Staff, Captain Miles Browning, to work out the details and oversee the launch. The carriers had to launch into the wind, so the light southeasterly breeze would require them... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,711 | Fletcher, along with "Yorktown"s commanding officer, Captain Elliott Buckmaster, and their staffs, had acquired the first-hand experience needed in organizing and launching a full strike against an enemy force in the Coral Sea, but there was no time to pass these lessons on to "Enterprise" and "Hornet" which were taske... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,712 | While the Japanese were able to launch 108 aircraft in just seven minutes, it took "Enterprise" and "Hornet" over an hour to launch 117. Spruance judged that the need to throw something at the enemy as soon as possible was greater than the need to coordinate the attack by aircraft of different types and speeds (fighter... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,713 | American carrier aircraft had difficulty locating the target, despite the positions they had been given. The strike from "Hornet", led by Commander Stanhope C. Ring, followed an incorrect heading of 265 degrees rather than the 240 degrees indicated by the contact report. As a result, Air Group Eight's dive bombers miss... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,714 | Waldron's squadron sighted the enemy carriers and began attacking at 09:20, followed at 09:40 by VF-6 from "Enterprise", whose Wildcat fighter escorts lost contact, ran low on fuel, and had to turn back. Without fighter escort, all 15 TBD Devastators of VT-8 were shot down without being able to inflict any damage. Ensi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,715 | The Japanese combat air patrol, flying Mitsubishi A6M2 Zeros, made short work of the unescorted, slow, under-armed TBDs. A few TBDs managed to get within a few ship-lengths range of their targets before dropping their torpedoes—close enough to be able to strafe the enemy ships and force the Japanese carriers to make sh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,716 | Despite their failure to score any hits, the American torpedo attacks achieved three important results. First, they kept the Japanese carriers off balance and unable to prepare and launch their own counterstrike. Second, the poor control of the Japanese combat air patrol (CAP) meant they were out of position for subseq... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,717 | By chance, at the same time VT-3 was sighted by the Japanese, three squadrons of SBDs from "Enterprise" and "Yorktown" were approaching from the southwest and northeast. The "Yorktown" squadron (VB-3) had flown just behind VT-3, but elected to attack from a different course. The two squadrons from "Enterprise" (VB-6 an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,718 | McClusky's decision to continue the search and his judgment, in the opinion of Admiral Chester Nimitz, "decided the fate of our carrier task force and our forces at Midway ..." All three American dive-bomber squadrons (VB-6, VS-6, and VB-3) arrived almost simultaneously at the perfect time, locations and altitudes to a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,719 | Beginning at 10:22, the two squadrons of "Enterprise"s air group split up with the intention of sending one squadron each to attack "Kaga" and "Akagi". A miscommunication caused both of the squadrons to dive at "Kaga". Recognizing the error, Lieutenant Richard Halsey Best and his two wingmen were able to pull out of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,720 | Several minutes later, Best and his two wingmen dove on "Akagi". Mitsuo Fuchida, the Japanese aviator who had led the attack on Pearl Harbor, was on "Akagi" when it was hit, and described the attack: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,721 | Although "Akagi" sustained only one direct hit (almost certainly dropped by Lieutenant Best), it proved to be a fatal blow: the bomb struck the edge of the mid-ship deck elevator and penetrated to the upper hangar deck, where it exploded among the armed and fueled aircraft in the vicinity. Nagumo's chief of staff, Ryūn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,722 | Simultaneously, "Yorktown"s VB-3, commanded by Max Leslie, went for "Sōryū", scoring at least three hits and causing extensive damage. Gasoline ignited, creating an "inferno", while stacked bombs and ammunition detonated. VT-3 targeted "Hiryū", which was hemmed in by "Sōryū", "Kaga", and "Akagi", but achieved no hits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,723 | Within six minutes, "Sōryū" and "Kaga" were ablaze from stem to stern, as fires spread through the ships. "Akagi", having been struck by only one bomb, took longer to burn, but the resulting fires quickly expanded and soon proved impossible to extinguish; she too was eventually consumed by flames and had to be abandone... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,724 | "Hiryū", the sole surviving Japanese aircraft carrier, wasted little time in counterattacking. "Hiryū"s first attack wave, consisting of 18 D3As and six fighter escorts, followed the retreating American aircraft and attacked the first carrier they encountered, "Yorktown", hitting her with three bombs, which blew a hole... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,725 | Approximately one hour later, "Hiryū's" second attack wave, consisting of ten B5Ns and six escorting A6Ms, arrived over "Yorktown"; the repair efforts had been so effective that the Japanese pilots assumed that "Yorktown" must be a different, undamaged carrier. They attacked, crippling "Yorktown" with two torpedoes; sh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,726 | News of the two strikes, with the mistaken reports that each had sunk an American carrier, greatly improved Japanese morale. The few surviving aircraft were all recovered aboard "Hiryū". Despite the heavy losses, the Japanese believed that they could scrape together enough aircraft for one more strike against what they... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,727 | Late in the afternoon, a "Yorktown" scout aircraft located "Hiryū", prompting "Enterprise" to launch a final strike of 24 dive bombers (including six SBDs from VS-6, four SBDs from VB-6, and 14 SBDs from "Yorktown"s VB-3). Despite "Hiryū" being defended by a strong cover of more than a dozen Zero fighters, the attack b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,728 | After futile attempts at controlling the blaze, most of the crew remaining on "Hiryū" were evacuated and the remainder of the fleet continued sailing northeast in an attempt to intercept the American carriers. Despite a scuttling attempt by a Japanese destroyer that hit her with a torpedo and then departed quickly, "Hi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,729 | As darkness fell, both sides took stock and made tentative plans for continuing the action. Admiral Fletcher, obliged to abandon the derelict "Yorktown" and feeling he could not adequately command from a cruiser, ceded operational command to Spruance. Spruance knew the United States had won a great victory, but he was ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,730 | Finally, fearing a possible night encounter with Japanese surface forces, and believing Yamamoto still intended to invade, based in part on a misleading contact report from the submarine , Spruance changed course and withdrew to the east, turning back west towards the enemy at midnight. For his part, Yamamoto initially... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,731 | Spruance failed to regain contact with Yamamoto's forces on 5 June, despite extensive searches. Towards the end of the day, he launched a search-and-destroy mission to seek out any remnants of Nagumo's carrier force. This late afternoon strike narrowly missed detecting Yamamoto's main body and failed to score hits on a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,732 | At 02:15 on the morning of 5 June, Commander John Murphy's , lying west of Midway, made the second of the submarine force's two major contributions to the battle's outcome, although its impact was heavily blunted by Murphy himself. Sighting several ships, neither Murphy nor his executive officer, Edward Spruance (son o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,733 | In reality, the ships sighted by "Tambor" were the detachment of four cruisers and two destroyers Yamamoto had sent to bombard Midway. At 02:55, these ships received Yamamoto's order to retire and changed course to comply. At about the same time as this change of course, "Tambor" was sighted and during maneuvers design... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,734 | Over the next two days, several strikes were launched against the stragglers, first from Midway, then from Spruance's carriers. "Mikuma" was eventually sunk by Dauntlesses, while "Mogami" survived further severe damage to return home for repairs. The destroyers and were also bombed and strafed during the last of these ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,735 | Meanwhile, salvage efforts on "Yorktown" were encouraging, and she was taken in tow by fleet tug . In the late afternoon of 6 June, the , which had managed to slip through the cordon of destroyers (possibly because of the large amount of debris in the water), fired a salvo of torpedoes, two of which struck "Yorktown". ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,736 | Enterprise SBD Dauntless dive bomber pilot Norman "Dusty" Kleiss, who scored three hits on Japanese ships during the Battle of Midway (aircraft carriers "Kaga" and "Hiryu" and heavy cruiser "Mikuma"), wrote: "From the experience in the Marshalls, at Wake and at Marcus, I thought our fleet learned its lessons. We could ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,737 | "Akagi": 267; "Kaga": 811; "Hiryū": 392 (including Rear Admiral Tamon Yamaguchi who chose to go down with his ship); "Soryū": 711 (including Captain Yanagimoto, who chose to remain on board); a total of 2,181. The heavy cruisers "Mikuma" (sunk; 700 casualties) and "Mogami" (badly damaged; 92) accounted for another 792 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,738 | In addition, the destroyers "Arashio" (bombed; 35) and "Asashio" (strafed by aircraft; 21) were both damaged during the air attacks which sank "Mikuma" and caused further damage to "Mogami". Floatplanes were lost from the cruisers "Chikuma" (3) and "Tone" (2). Dead aboard the destroyers "Tanikaze" (11), "Arashi" (1), "... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,739 | At the end of the battle, the U.S. lost the carrier "Yorktown" and a destroyer, "Hammann". 307 Americans had been killed, including Major General Clarence L. Tinker, Commander, 7th Air Force, who personally led a bomber strike from Hawaii against the retreating Japanese forces on 7 June. He was killed when his aircraft... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,740 | After winning a clear victory, and as pursuit became too hazardous near Wake, American forces retired. Spruance once again withdrew to the east to refuel his destroyers and rendezvous with the carrier "Saratoga", which was ferrying much-needed replacement aircraft. Fletcher transferred his flag to "Saratoga" on the aft... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,741 | Historian Samuel E. Morison noted in 1949 that Spruance was subjected to much criticism for not pursuing the retreating Japanese, thus allowing their surface fleet to escape. Clay Blair argued in 1975 that had Spruance pressed on, he would have been unable to launch his aircraft after nightfall, and his cruisers would ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,742 | On 10 June, the Imperial Japanese Navy conveyed to the military liaison conference an incomplete picture of the results of the battle. Chūichi Nagumo's detailed battle report was submitted to the high command on 15 June. It was intended only for the highest echelons in the Japanese Navy and government and was guarded c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,743 | The Japanese public and much of the military command structure were kept in the dark about the extent of the defeat: Japanese news announced a great victory. Only Emperor Hirohito and the highest Navy command personnel were accurately informed of the carrier and pilot losses. Consequently, even the Imperial Japanese Ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,744 | On the return of the Japanese fleet to Hashirajima on 14 June the wounded were immediately transferred to naval hospitals; most were classified as "secret patients", placed in isolation wards and quarantined from other patients and their own families to keep this major defeat secret. The remaining officers and men were... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,745 | As a result of the defeat, new procedures were adopted whereby more Japanese aircraft were refueled and re-armed on the flight deck, rather than in the hangars, and the practice of draining all unused fuel lines was adopted. The new carriers being built were redesigned to incorporate only two flight deck elevators and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,746 | Replacement pilots were pushed through an abbreviated training regimen in order to meet the short-term needs of the fleet. This led to a sharp decline in the quality of the aviators produced. These inexperienced pilots were fed into front-line units, while the veterans who remained after Midway and the Solomons campaig... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,747 | Three U.S. airmen were captured during the battle: Ensign Wesley Osmus, a pilot from "Yorktown"; Ensign Frank O'Flaherty, a pilot from "Enterprise"; and Aviation Machinist's Mate Bruno Peter Gaido, O'Flaherty's radioman-gunner. Osmus was held on "Arashi"; O'Flaherty and Gaido on the cruiser "Nagara" (or destroyer "Maki... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,748 | Two enlisted men from "Mikuma" were rescued from a life raft on 9 June by and taken to Pearl Harbor. After receiving medical care, at least one of these sailors cooperated during interrogation and provided intelligence. Another 35 crewmen from "Hiryū" were taken from a lifeboat by on 19 June after being spotted by an A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,749 | The Battle of Midway has often been called "the turning point of the Pacific". It was the Allies' first major naval victory against the Japanese. Had Japan won the battle as thoroughly as the U.S. did, it might have been able to conquer Midway Island. "Saratoga" would have been the only American carrier in the Pacific,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,750 | Although the Japanese continued to try to secure more territory, and the U.S. did not move from a state of naval parity to one of supremacy until after several more months of hard combat, Midway allowed the Allies to switch to the strategic initiative, paving the way for the landings on Guadalcanal and the prolonged at... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,751 | Some authors have stated that heavy losses in carriers and veteran aircrews at Midway permanently weakened the Imperial Japanese Navy. Parshall and Tully have stated that the heavy losses in veteran aircrew (110, just under 25% of the aircrew embarked on the four carriers) were not crippling to the Japanese naval air c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,752 | After the battle, "Shōkaku" and "Zuikaku" were the only large carriers of the original Pearl Harbor strike force still afloat. Of Japan's other carriers, "Taihō", which was not commissioned until early 1944, would be the only fleet carrier worth teaming with "Shōkaku" and "Zuikaku"; and were light carriers, while and ,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,753 | Both the United States and Japan accelerated the training of aircrew, but the United States had a more effective pilot rotation system, which meant that more veterans survived and went on to training or command billets, where they were able to pass on lessons they had learned in combat to trainees, instead of remaining... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,754 | Midway showed the worth of pre-war naval cryptanalysis and intelligence-gathering. These efforts continued and were expanded throughout the war in both the Pacific and Atlantic theaters. Successes were numerous and significant. For instance, cryptanalysis made possible the shooting down of Admiral Yamamoto's airplane i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,755 | The Battle of Midway also caused the plan of Japan and Nazi Germany to meet up in the Indian subcontinent to be abandoned. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,756 | The Battle of Midway redefined the central importance of air superiority for the remainder of the war when the Japanese suddenly lost their four main aircraft carriers and were forced to return home. Without any form of air superiority, the Japanese never again launched a major offensive in the Pacific. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,757 | Because of the extreme depth of the ocean in the area of the battle (more than ), researching the battlefield has presented extraordinary difficulties. On 19 May 1998, Robert Ballard and a team of scientists and Midway veterans from both sides located and photographed "Yorktown", which was located deep. The ship was re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,758 | In September 1999, a joint expedition between Nauticos Corp. and the U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office searched for the Japanese aircraft carriers. Using advanced renavigation techniques in conjunction with the ship's log of the submarine USS "Nautilus", the expedition located a large piece of wreckage, subsequently iden... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,759 | Chicago Municipal Airport, important to the war effort in World War II, was renamed Chicago Midway International Airport (or simply Midway Airport) in 1949 in honor of the battle. Waldron Field, an outlying training landing strip at Corpus Christi NAS, as well as Waldron Road leading to the strip, was named in honor of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,760 | An escort carrier, USS "Midway" (CVE-63) was commissioned on 17 August 1943. She was renamed "St. Lo" on 10 October 1944 to clear the name "Midway" for a large fleet aircraft carrier, , which was commissioned on 10 September 1945, eight days after the Japanese surrender, and is now docked in San Diego, California, as t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,761 | On 13 September 2000, Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt designated the lands and waters of Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge as the Battle of Midway National Memorial. Tinker Air Force Base, outside Oklahoma City, Oklahoma is named in honor of Major General Clarence L. Tinker, Commander, 7th Air Force, who pe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,762 | John Ford directed two films about the events: the 18-minute 1942 Movietone News documentary (released by the War Activities Committee) "The Battle of Midway", which received the 1942 Academy Award for Best Documentary; and the eight-minute documentary "Torpedo Squadron 8", which describes the heroism of Torpedo Squadr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60112 |
9,763 | The Boeing 787 Dreamliner is an American wide-body jet airliner developed and manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,764 | After dropping its unconventional Sonic Cruiser project, Boeing announced the conventional 7E7 on January 29, 2003, which focused largely on efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,765 | The program was launched on April 26, 2004, with an order for 50 aircraft from All Nippon Airways (ANA), targeting a 2008 introduction. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,766 | On July 8, 2007, a prototype 787 was rolled out without major operating systems, and then the aircraft experienced multiple delays until its maiden flight on December 15, 2009. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,767 | Type certification was received in August 2011 and the first 787-8 was delivered in September 2011 before entering commercial service on October 26, 2011, with ANA. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,768 | At launch, Boeing targeted the 787 with 20% less fuel burn than replaced aircraft like the Boeing 767, carrying 200 to 300 passengers on point-to-point routes up to , a shift from hub-and-spoke travel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,769 | The twinjet is powered by General Electric GEnx or Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 high-bypass turbofans. It is the first airliner with an airframe primarily made of composite materials and makes extensive use of electrical systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,770 | Externally, it is recognizable by its four-window cockpit, raked wingtips, and noise-reducing chevrons on its engine nacelles. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,771 | Development and production rely increasingly on subcontractors around the world, with final assembly at Boeing South Carolina in North Charleston, after having also been assembled in the Boeing Everett Factory in Washington until March 2021. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,772 | The initial 787-8 typically seats 242 passengers over a range of , with a MTOW compared to for later variants. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,773 | The stretched 787-9, long, can fly with 290 passengers; it entered service on August 7, 2014, with ANA. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,774 | The further stretched 787-10, long, seating 330 over , entered service with Singapore Airlines on April 3, 2018. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,775 | Early 787 operations encountered several problems caused mainly by its lithium-ion batteries, and which culminated in fires on board some aircraft. In January 2013, the US FAA grounded all 787s until it approved the revised battery design in April 2013. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,776 | Significant quality control issues from 2019 onwards caused a production slowdown and, from January 2021 until August 2022, an almost total cessation of deliveries. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,777 | Due to ballooning production costs, Boeing has spent $32 billion on the program; estimates for the number of aircraft sales needed to break even vary between 1,300 and 2,000. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,778 | , the 787 program has booked a total of 1,499 orders and made 1,015 deliveries while recording zero fatalities and no hull losses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,779 | During the late 1990s, Boeing considered replacement aircraft programs due to slowing sales of the 767 and 747-400. Two new aircraft were proposed. The 747X would have lengthened the 747-400 and improved efficiency, and the Sonic Cruiser would have achieved 15% higher speeds (approximately Mach 0.98) while burning fuel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,780 | Randy Baseler, Boeing Commercial Airplanes VP Marketing stated that airport congestion comes from large numbers of regional jets and small single-aisles, flying to destinations where a 550-seat Airbus A380 would be too large; to reduce the number of departures, smaller airplanes can increase by 20% in size and airline ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,781 | In 2003, a recent addition to the Boeing board of directors, James McNerney (who would become Boeing's Chairman and CEO in 2005), supported the need for a new aircraft to regain market share from Airbus. The directors on Boeing's board, Harry Stonecipher (Boeing's President and CEO) and John McDonnell issued an ultimat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,782 | The replacement for the Sonic Cruiser project was named "7E7" (with a development code name of "Y2"). Technology from the Sonic Cruiser and 7E7 was to be used as part of Boeing's project to replace its entire airliner product line, an endeavor called the Yellowstone Project (of which the 7E7 became the first stage). Ea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,783 | On April 26, 2004, Japanese airline All Nippon Airways (ANA) became the launch customer for the 787, announcing a firm order for 50 aircraft with deliveries to begin in late 2008. The ANA order was initially specified as 30 787-3, 290–330 seat, one-class domestic aircraft, and 20 787-8, long-haul, 210–250 seat, two-cla... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,784 | On October 5, 2012, Indian state carrier Air India became the first carrier to take possession of a Dreamliner that was manufactured in the Charleston, South Carolina Boeing plant. This was the first Boeing Dreamliner that was manufactured outside of Washington state. Boeing would go on to use both the Everett and Sout... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,785 | The 787 was designed to be the first production airliner with the fuselage comprising one-piece composite barrel sections instead of the multiple aluminum sheets and some 50,000 fasteners used on existing aircraft. Boeing selected two new engines to power the 787, the Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 and General Electric GEnx. B... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,786 | During the design phase, the 787 underwent extensive wind tunnel testing at Boeing's Transonic Wind Tunnel, QinetiQ's five-meter wind tunnel at Farnborough, United Kingdom, and NASA Ames Research Center's wind tunnel, as well as at the French aerodynamics research agency, ONERA. The final styling was more conservative ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,787 | On December 16, 2003, Boeing announced that the 787 would be assembled in its factory in Everett, Washington. Instead of conventionally building the aircraft from the ground up, the final assembly employed 800 to 1,200 people to join completed subassemblies and integrate systems. Boeing assigned global subcontractors t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,788 | Subcontracted assemblies included wing and center wing box (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Japan; Subaru Corporation, Japan); horizontal stabilizers (Alenia Aeronautica, Italy; Korea Aerospace Industries, South Korea); fuselage sections (Global Aeronautica, Italy; Boeing, North Charleston, US; Kawasaki Heavy Industries, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,789 | To speed up deliveries, Boeing modified four used 747-400s into 747 Dreamlifters to transport 787 wings, fuselage sections, and other smaller parts. Japanese industrial participation was key to the project. Japanese companies co-designed and built 35% of the aircraft; the first time that outside firms played a key desi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,790 | Boeing worked to trim excess weight since assembly of the first airframe began; in late 2006, the first six 787s were stated to be overweight, with the first aircraft being heavier than specified. The seventh and subsequent aircraft would be the first optimized 787-8s expected to meet all goals. Accordingly, some parts... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,791 | Boeing planned the first flight by the end of August 2007 and premiered the first 787 (registered N787BA) at a rollout ceremony on July 8, 2007. The 787 had 677 orders at this time, which is more orders from launch to roll-out than any previous wide-body airliner. The major systems were not installed at the time; many ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,792 | In September 2007, Boeing announced a three-month delay, blaming a shortage of fasteners as well as incomplete software. On October 10, 2007, a second three-month delay to the first flight and a six-month delay to first deliveries were announced due to supply chain problems, a lack of documentation from overseas suppli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,793 | On April 9, 2008, a fourth delay was announced, shifting the maiden flight to the fourth quarter of 2008, and delaying initial deliveries by around 15 months to the third quarter of 2009. The 787-9 variant was postponed to 2012 and the 787-3 variant was to follow at a later date. On November 4, 2008, a fifth delay was ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,794 | A secondary factor in the delays faced by the 787 program was the lack of detailed specifications provided to partners and suppliers. In previous programs Boeing had supplied high level design data, but for the 787, decided to provide broad level specifications only, on the assumption that relevant partners had the com... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,795 | As Boeing worked with its suppliers toward production, the design proceeded through a series of test goals. On August 23, 2007, a crash test involving a vertical drop of a partial composite fuselage section from about onto a -thick steel plate occurred in Mesa, Arizona; the results matched predictions, allowing modelin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,796 | On August 7, 2007, on-time certification of the Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 engine by European and US regulators was received. The alternative GE GEnx-1B engine achieved certification on March 31, 2008. On June 20, 2008, the first aircraft was powered up, for testing the electrical supply and distribution systems. A non-fli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,797 | On May 3, 2009, the first test 787 was moved to the flight line following extensive factory testing, including landing gear swings, systems integration verification, and a total run-through of the first flight. On May 4, 2009, a press report indicated a 10–15% range reduction, about instead of the originally promised ,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,798 | On June 15, 2009, during the Paris Air Show, Boeing said that the 787 would make its first flight within two weeks. However, on June 23, 2009, the first flight was postponed due to structural reasons. Boeing provided an updated 787 schedule on August 27, 2009, with the first flight planned to occur by the end of 2009 a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
9,799 | On December 15, 2009, Boeing conducted the 787-8 maiden flight from Paine Field in Everett, Washington, at 10:27 am PST and landed three hours later at 1:33 p.m. at Seattle's Boeing Field. During the flight the 787 reached a top speed of and maximum altitude of . Originally scheduled for hours, the test flight was shor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307133 |
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