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How to diagnose What I need to know about Hepatitis C ? | A blood test will show if you have hepatitis C. Blood tests are done at a doctors office or outpatient facility. A blood sample is taken using a needle inserted into a vein in your arm or hand. The blood sample is sent to a lab to test for hepatitis C.
If you are at higher risk of getting hepatitis C, ... | What I need to know about Hepatitis C |
What are the treatments for What I need to know about Hepatitis C ? | Hepatitis C is usually not treated unless it becomes chronic. Chronic hepatitis C is treated with medicines that slow or stop the virus from damaging the liver. Your doctor will closely watch your symptoms and schedule regular blood tests to make sure the treatment is working.
Medicines for Chronic Hep... | What I need to know about Hepatitis C |
What to do for What I need to know about Hepatitis C ? | If you have chronic hepatitis C, you should do things to take care of yourself, including eating a healthy diet. Avoid drinking alcohol, which can harm the liver. Talk with your doctor before taking vitamins and other supplements. | What I need to know about Hepatitis C |
What to do for What I need to know about Hepatitis C ? | - Hepatitis C is a virus, or infection, that causes inflammation of the liver. - Anyone can get hepatitis C, but some people are more likely to than others. - You could get hepatitis C through contact with an infected persons blood. - Most people do not have any symptoms until the hepatitis C virus causes liver dama... | What I need to know about Hepatitis C |
What are the treatments for National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NHPP): Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone (Comprehensive Report) ? | Before scientists learned how to make synthetic hormones, many animal hormones, such as insulin, were used to treat human disorders. Growth hormone from animals did not work in humans. Human growth hormone (pituitary hGH) was therefore made from human pituitary glands by the National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NHPP... | National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NHPP): Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone (Comprehensive Report) |
What are the treatments for National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NHPP): Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone (Comprehensive Report) ? | The HHS has identified 29 cases of CJD among the nearly 7,700 people in the United States who received NHPP pituitary hGH. None of the 29 people who got CJD began treatment with pituitary hGH after 1977, the year that the NHPP began producing pituitary hGH in a laboratory (headed by Dr. Albert Parlow) using a new purif... | National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NHPP): Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone (Comprehensive Report) |
What are the treatments for National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NHPP): Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone (Comprehensive Report) ? | People treated with pituitary hGH in other countries also got CJD. HHS doctors share information with doctors around the world about health issues such as CJD and read reports about CJD and other health problems related to pituitary hGH treatment.
Country Number of CJD Cases Reported* Number of I... | National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NHPP): Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone (Comprehensive Report) |
What are the treatments for National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NHPP): Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone (Comprehensive Report) ? | Most people were treated with pituitary hGH because their pituitary glands did not make enough of their own GH. Some of these people also had problems making other pituitary hormones. One of these hormones tells the adrenal glands to make cortisol, a hormone needed for life. People lacking this hormone are at risk of d... | National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NHPP): Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone (Comprehensive Report) |
What are the symptoms of National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NHPP): Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone (Comprehensive Report) ? | CJD does not cause the same symptoms in everyone. In most people who got CJD from pituitary hGH, the first signs they noticed were difficulty with walking and balance, dizziness, and/or clumsiness. Later, some began to slur words and have jerky movements. They also had trouble seeing, remembering, and/or thinking clear... | National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NHPP): Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone (Comprehensive Report) |
Who is at risk for National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NHPP): Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone (Comprehensive Report)? ? | No one can say what an individual person's risk is. Of the approximately 7,700 people who received NHPP pituitary hGH, 29 people got CJD. The two things that seem to be connected with getting CJD after pituitary hGH treatment are
1. How long a person was treated:
- In the United States... | National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NHPP): Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone (Comprehensive Report) |
What are the treatments for National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NHPP): Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone (Comprehensive Report) ? | The best source for details on your treatment is the doctor or center that gave you pituitary hGH. To protect patient privacy, the HHS did not ask for the names of those treated with pituitary hGH until 1985, when the first CJD cases were reported. In 1985, the HHS asked doctors and treatment centers for the names and ... | National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NHPP): Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone (Comprehensive Report) |
What causes National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NHPP): Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone (Comprehensive Report) ? | We have not found any particular preparation of pituitary hGH that is especially likely to carry CJD. We believe that CJD did not come from a single infected pituitary gland or preparation. Prior to 1977, in an effort to extract as much hormone as possible from the pituitary glands, the glands were often processed repe... | National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NHPP): Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone (Comprehensive Report) |
How to diagnose National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NHPP): Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone (Comprehensive Report) ? | CJD is usually diagnosed based on signs and symptoms of the illness, how severe they are, and how quickly they become worse. However, doctors must study brain tissue from a biopsy or autopsy in order to make a definite diagnosis of CJD.
Other tests can suggest CJD. In 1996, researchers developed a test... | National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NHPP): Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone (Comprehensive Report) |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NHPP): Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone (Comprehensive Report) ? | Although CJD is a rare disorder, some of the world's leading researchers are working hard to learn more about this disease.
About 10 percent of the people who get CJD have the inherited type. Some people have gotten CJD from medical procedures such as pituitary hGH injections, tissue grafts, or corneal... | National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NHPP): Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone (Comprehensive Report) |
What are the treatments for National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NHPP): Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone (Comprehensive Report) ? | Some parents did not tell their children about receiving treatment with pituitary hGH and the possible risk of CJD. These children are now adults. Although the HHS no longer sends annual information about the problem of CJD in pituitary hGH recipients, the HHS does maintain a mailing list should any important new infor... | National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NHPP): Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone (Comprehensive Report) |
What is (are) National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NHPP): Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone (Comprehensive Report) ? | The Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Foundation, Inc. (www.cjdfoundation.org) was created in 1993 by two families who lost relatives to CJD and the neurologist who treated their family members. This nonprofit corporation seeks to promote awareness of CJD through research and education and to reach out to people who have lost ... | National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NHPP): Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone (Comprehensive Report) |
What is (are) High Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease ? | Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against blood vessel walls as the heart pumps out blood, and high blood pressure, also called hypertension, is an increase in the amount of force that blood places on blood vessels as it moves through the body. Factors that can increase this force include higher blood volume... | High Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease |
What is (are) High Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease ? | The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Every day, the two kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid. The urine flows from the kidneys... | High Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease |
What are the symptoms of High Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease ? | Most people with high blood pressure do not have symptoms. In rare cases, high blood pressure can cause headaches.
Kidney disease also does not have symptoms in the early stages. A person may have swelling called edema, which happens when the kidneys cannot get rid of extra fluid and salt. Edema can oc... | High Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease |
How to diagnose High Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease ? | A health care provider diagnoses high blood pressure when multiple blood pressure testsoften repeated over several visits to a health care providers officeshow that a systolic blood pressure is consistently above 140 or a diastolic blood pressure is consistently above 90. Health care providers measure blood pressure wi... | High Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease |
How to prevent High Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease ? | The best way to slow or prevent kidney disease from high blood pressure is to take steps to lower blood pressure. These steps include a combination of medication and lifestyle changes, such as
- healthy eating - physical activity - maintaining a healthy weight - quitting smoking - managing stress
... | High Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease |
What to do for High Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease ? | Following a healthy eating plan can help lower blood pressure. A health care provider may recommend the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan. DASH focuses on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and other foods that are heart healthy and lower in sodium, which often comes from salt. The DASH eating p... | High Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease |
What to do for High Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease ? | - Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against blood vessel walls as the heart pumps out blood, and high blood pressure, also called hypertension, is an increase in the amount of force that blood places on blood vessels as it moves through the body. - High blood pressure can damage blood vessels in the kidneys... | High Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease |
What is (are) Goodpasture Syndrome ? | Goodpasture syndrome is a pulmonary-renal syndrome, which is a group of acute illnesses involving the kidneys and lungs. Goodpasture syndrome includes all of the following conditions:
- glomerulonephritisinflammation of the glomeruli, which are tiny clusters of looping blood vessels in the kidneys that... | Goodpasture Syndrome |
What causes Goodpasture Syndrome ? | The causes of Goodpasture syndrome are not fully understood. People who smoke or use hair dyes appear to be at increased risk for this condition. Exposure to hydrocarbon fumes, metallic dust, and certain drugs, such as cocaine, may also raise a persons risk. Genetics may also play a part, as a small number of cases hav... | Goodpasture Syndrome |
What are the symptoms of Goodpasture Syndrome ? | The symptoms of Goodpasture syndrome may initially include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and weakness. The lungs are usually affected before or at the same time as the kidneys, and symptoms can include shortness of breath and coughing, sometimes with blood. The progression from initial symptoms to the lungs being affected... | Goodpasture Syndrome |
How to diagnose Goodpasture Syndrome ? | A health care provider may order the following tests to diagnose Goodpasture syndrome:
- Urinalysis. Urinalysis is testing of a urine sample. The urine sample is collected in a special container in a health care providers office or commercial facility and can be tested in the same location or sent to a... | Goodpasture Syndrome |
What are the treatments for Goodpasture Syndrome ? | Goodpasture syndrome is usually treated with
- immunosuppressive medications, such as cyclophosphamide, to keep the immune system from making antibodies - corticosteroid medications to suppress the bodys autoimmune response - plasmapheresisa procedure that uses a machine to remove blood from the body... | Goodpasture Syndrome |
What to do for Goodpasture Syndrome ? | Eating, diet, and nutrition have not been shown to play a role in causing or preventing Goodpasture syndrome. | Goodpasture Syndrome |
What to do for Goodpasture Syndrome ? | - Goodpasture syndrome is a pulmonary-renal syndrome, which is a group of acute illnesses involving the kidneys and lungs. Goodpasture syndrome includes all of the following conditions: - glomerulonephritis - the presence of anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies - bleeding in the lungs - Good... | Goodpasture Syndrome |
What are the symptoms of Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your eyes healthy ? | Often, no symptoms appear during the early stages of diabetes retina problems. As retina problems worsen, your symptoms might include
- blurry or double vision - rings, flashing lights, or blank spots in your vision - dark or floating spots in your vision - pain or pressure in one or both of your ey... | Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your eyes healthy |
What are the treatments for Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your eyes healthy ? | You can help your diabetes retina problems by controlling your
- blood glucose - blood pressure - cholesterol and triglycerides, or types of blood fat
If your retinopathy still does not improve, then you may need other treatments. You will need to see an ophthalmologist who can decid... | Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your eyes healthy |
What is (are) Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | A UTI is an infection in the urinary tract. Infections are caused by microbesorganisms too small to be seen without a microscopeincluding fungi, viruses, and bacteria. Bacteria are the most common cause of UTIs. Normally, bacteria that enter the urinary tract are rapidly removed by the body before they cause symptoms. ... | Urinary Tract Infections in Children |
What is (are) Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | The urinary tract is the bodys drainage system for removing wastes and extra water. The urinary tract includes two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra. The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist and located below the ribs, one on each side of the spine, toward the middle of t... | Urinary Tract Infections in Children |
What causes Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | Most UTIs are caused by bacteria that live in the bowel. The bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) causes the vast majority of UTIs. The urinary tract has several systems to prevent infection. The points where the ureters attach to the bladder act like one-way valves to prevent urine from backing up, or refluxing, towar... | Urinary Tract Infections in Children |
How many people are affected by Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | Urinary tract infections affect about 3 percent of children in the United States every year. UTIs account for more than 1 million visits to pediatricians offices every year.1 | Urinary Tract Infections in Children |
Who is at risk for Urinary Tract Infections in Children? ? | Throughout childhood, the risk of having a UTI is 2 percent for boys and 8 percent for girls. Having an anomaly of the urinary tract, such as urine reflux from the bladder back into the ureters, increases the risk of a UTI. Boys who are younger than 6 months old who are not circumcised are at greater risk for a UTI tha... | Urinary Tract Infections in Children |
What are the symptoms of Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | Symptoms of a UTI range from slight burning with urination or unusual-smelling urine to severe pain and high fever. A child with a UTI may also have no symptoms. A UTI causes irritation of the lining of the bladder, urethra, ureters, and kidneys, just as the inside of the nose or the throat becomes irritated with a col... | Urinary Tract Infections in Children |
How to diagnose Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | Only a health care provider can determine whether a child has a UTI.
A urine sample will be collected and examined. The way urine is collected depends on the childs age:
- If the child is not yet toilet trained, the health care provider may place a plastic collection bag over the child... | Urinary Tract Infections in Children |
What are the treatments for Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | Most UTIs are caused by bacteria, which are treated with bacteria-fighting medications called antibiotics or antimicrobials. While a urine sample is sent to a laboratory, the health care provider may begin treatment with an antibiotic that treats the bacteria most likely to be causing the infection. Once culture result... | Urinary Tract Infections in Children |
How to diagnose Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | Once the infection has cleared, more tests may be recommended to check for abnormalities in the urinary tract. Repeated infections in an abnormal urinary tract may cause kidney damage. The kinds of tests ordered will depend on the child and the type of urinary infection. Because no single test can tell everything about... | Urinary Tract Infections in Children |
What are the treatments for Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | Some abnormalities in the urinary tract correct themselves as the child grows, but some may require surgical correction. While milder forms of VUR may resolve on their own, one common procedure to correct VUR is the reimplantation of the ureters. During this procedure, the surgeon repositions the connection between the... | Urinary Tract Infections in Children |
How to prevent Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | If a child has a normal urinary tract, parents can help the child avoid UTIs by encouraging regular trips to the bathroom. The parents should make sure the child gets enough to drink if infrequent urination is a problem. The child should be taught proper cleaning techniques after using the bathroom to keep bacteria fro... | Urinary Tract Infections in Children |
What to do for Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | Children with a UTI should drink as much as they wish and not be forced to drink large amounts of fluid. The health care provider needs to know if a child is not interested in drinking or is unable to drink. | Urinary Tract Infections in Children |
What to do for Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | - Urinary tract infections (UTIs) usually occur when the body fails to remove bacteria rapidly from the urinary tract. - UTIs affect about 3 percent of children in the United States every year. - Most UTIs are not serious, but chronic kidney infections can cause permanent damage. - A UTI in a young child may be a si... | Urinary Tract Infections in Children |
What to do for Facing the Challenges of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children ? | For children with CKD, learning about nutrition is vital because their diet can affect how well their kidneys work. Parents or guardians should always consult with their childs health care team before making any dietary changes. Staying healthy with CKD requires paying close attention to the following elements of a die... | Facing the Challenges of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children |
What to do for Facing the Challenges of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children ? | - Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may have a negative self-image and may have relationship problems with family members due to the stress of living with a chronic disease. The condition can lead to behavior problems and make participating in school and extracurricular activities more difficult. - CKD can ca... | Facing the Challenges of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children |
What is (are) Foodborne Illnesses ? | Foodborne illnesses are infections or irritations of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract caused by food or beverages that contain harmful bacteria, parasites, viruses, or chemicals. The GI tract is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. Common symptoms of foodborne illnesses i... | Foodborne Illnesses |
What causes Foodborne Illnesses ? | The majority of foodborne illnesses are caused by harmful bacteria and viruses.2 Some parasites and chemicals also cause foodborne illnesses.
Bacteria
Bacteria are tiny organisms that can cause infections of the GI tract. Not all bacteria are harmful to humans.
Some ha... | Foodborne Illnesses |
Who is at risk for Foodborne Illnesses? ? | Anyone can get a foodborne illness. However, some people are more likely to develop foodborne illnesses than others, including
- infants and children - pregnant women and their fetuses - older adults - people with weak immune systems
These groups also have a greater risk of developi... | Foodborne Illnesses |
What are the symptoms of Foodborne Illnesses ? | Symptoms of foodborne illnesses depend on the cause. Common symptoms of many foodborne illnesses include
- vomiting - diarrhea or bloody diarrhea - abdominal pain - fever - chills
Symptoms can range from mild to serious and can last from a few hours to several days.
... | Foodborne Illnesses |
What are the complications of Foodborne Illnesses ? | Foodborne illnesses may lead to dehydration, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and other complications. Acute foodborne illnesses may also lead to chronicor long lastinghealth problems.
Dehydration
When someone does not drink enough fluids to replace those that are lost through vomiting... | Foodborne Illnesses |
How to diagnose Foodborne Illnesses ? | To diagnose foodborne illnesses, health care providers ask about symptoms, foods and beverages recently consumed, and medical history. Health care providers will also perform a physical examination to look for signs of illness.
Diagnostic tests for foodborne illnesses may include a stool culture, in wh... | Foodborne Illnesses |
What are the treatments for Foodborne Illnesses ? | The only treatment needed for most foodborne illnesses is replacing lost fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration.
Over-the-counter medications such as loperamide (Imodium) and bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol and Kaopectate) may help stop diarrhea in adults. However, people with bloody diarrh... | Foodborne Illnesses |
What to do for Foodborne Illnesses ? | The following steps may help relieve the symptoms of foodborne illnesses and prevent dehydration in adults:
- drinking plenty of liquids such as fruit juices, sports drinks, caffeine-free soft drinks, and broths to replace fluids and electrolytes - sipping small amounts of clear liquids or sucking on ... | Foodborne Illnesses |
How to prevent Foodborne Illnesses ? | Foodborne illnesses can be prevented by properly storing, cooking, cleaning, and handling foods.
- Raw and cooked perishable foodsfoods that can spoilshould be refrigerated or frozen promptly. If perishable foods stand at room temperature for more than 2 hours, they may not be safe to eat. Refrigerator... | Foodborne Illnesses |
What to do for Foodborne Illnesses ? | #NAME? | Foodborne Illnesses |
What is (are) Hypothyroidism ? | Hypothyroidism is a disorder that occurs when the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone to meet the bodys needs. Thyroid hormone regulates metabolismthe way the body uses energyand affects nearly every organ in the body. Without enough thyroid hormone, many of the bodys functions slow down. About 4.6 perce... | Hypothyroidism |
What is (are) Hypothyroidism ? | The thyroid is a 2-inch-long, butterfly-shaped gland weighing less than 1 ounce. Located in the front of the neck below the larynx, or voice box, it has two lobes, one on each side of the windpipe. The thyroid is one of the glands that make up the endocrine system. The glands of the endocrine system produce and store h... | Hypothyroidism |
What causes Hypothyroidism ? | Hypothyroidism has several causes, including
- Hashimotos disease - thyroiditis, or inflammation of the thyroid - congenital hypothyroidism, or hypothyroidism that is present at birth - surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid - radiation treatment of the thyroid - some medications
... | Hypothyroidism |
What are the symptoms of Hypothyroidism ? | Hypothyroidism has many symptoms that can vary from person to person. Some common symptoms of hypothyroidism are
- fatigue - weight gain - a puffy face - cold intolerance - joint and muscle pain - constipation - dry skin - dry, thinning hair - decreased sweating - heavy or irregular menstrual ... | Hypothyroidism |
How to diagnose Hypothyroidism ? | Many symptoms of hypothyroidism are the same as those of other diseases, so hypothyroidism usually cannot be diagnosed based on symptoms alone. With suspected hypothyroidism, health care providers take a medical history and perform a thorough physical examination. Health care providers may then use several blood tests ... | Hypothyroidism |
What are the treatments for Hypothyroidism ? | Health care providers treat hypothyroidism with synthetic thyroxine, a medication that is identical to the hormone T4. The exact dose will depend on the patients age and weight, the severity of the hypothyroidism, the presence of other health problems, and whether the person is taking other drugs that might interfere w... | Hypothyroidism |
What to do for Hypothyroidism ? | Experts recommend that people eat a balanced diet to obtain most nutrients. More information about diet and nutrition can be found on the National Agricultural Library website at www.nutrition.gov.
Dietary Supplements
Iodine is an essential mineral for the thyroid. However, people with... | Hypothyroidism |
What to do for Hypothyroidism ? | #NAME? | Hypothyroidism |
What is (are) Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | Medullary sponge kidney, also known as Cacchi-Ricci disease, is a birth defect where changes occur in the tubules, or tiny tubes, inside a fetus kidneys.
In a normal kidney, urine flows through these tubules as the kidney is being formed during a fetus growth. In medullary sponge kidney, tiny, fluid-fi... | Medullary Sponge Kidney |
What are the complications of Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | Complications of medullary sponge kidney include
- hematuria, or blood in the urine - kidney stones - urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Medullary sponge kidney rarely leads to more serious problems, such as chronic kidney disease or kidney failure. | Medullary Sponge Kidney |
What causes Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | Scientists do not fully understand the cause of medullary sponge kidney or why cysts form in the tubules during fetal development. Even though medullary sponge kidney is present at birth, most cases do not appear to be inherited. | Medullary Sponge Kidney |
How many people are affected by Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | Medullary sponge kidney affects about one person per 5,000 people in the United States. Researchers have reported that 12 to 20 percent of people who develop calcium-based kidney stones have medullary sponge kidney1. | Medullary Sponge Kidney |
What are the symptoms of Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | Many people with medullary sponge kidney have no symptoms. The first sign that a person has medullary sponge kidney is usually a UTI or a kidney stone. UTIs and kidney stones share many of the same signs and symptoms:
- burning or painful urination - pain in the back, lower abdomen, or groin - cloudy... | Medullary Sponge Kidney |
How to diagnose Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | A health care provider diagnoses medullary sponge kidney based on
- a medical and family history - a physical exam - imaging studies
Medical and Family History
Taking a medical and family history can help diagnose medullary sponge kidney. A health care provider will ... | Medullary Sponge Kidney |
What are the treatments for Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | Scientists have not discovered a way to reverse medullary sponge kidney. Once a health care provider is sure a person has medullary sponge kidney, treatment focuses on
- curing an existing UTI - removing any kidney stones
Curing an Existing Urinary Tract Infection
To ... | Medullary Sponge Kidney |
How to prevent Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | Scientists have not yet found a way to prevent medullary sponge kidney. However, health care providers can recommend medications and dietary changes to prevent future UTIs and kidney stones. | Medullary Sponge Kidney |
How to prevent Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | Health care providers may prescribe certain medications to prevent UTIs and kidney stones:
- A person with medullary sponge kidney may need to continue taking a low-dose antibiotic to prevent recurrent infections. - Medications that reduce calcium in the urine may help prevent calcium kidney stones. T... | Medullary Sponge Kidney |
What to do for Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | The following changes in diet may help prevent UTIs and kidney stone formation:
- Drinking plenty of water and other liquids can help flush bacteria from the urinary tract and dilute urine so kidney stones cannot form. A person should drink enough liquid to produce about 2 to 2.5 quarts of urine every ... | Medullary Sponge Kidney |
What to do for Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | - Medullary sponge kidney, also known as Cacchi-Ricci disease, is a birth defect where changes occur in the tubules, or tiny tubes, inside a fetus kidneys. - Symptoms of medullary sponge kidney do not usually appear until the teenage years or the 20s. Medullary sponge kidney can affect one or both kidneys. - Complica... | Medullary Sponge Kidney |
What is (are) Lupus Nephritis ? | Lupus nephritis is kidney inflammation caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus). SLE is an autoimmune diseasea disorder in which the bodys immune system attacks the bodys own cells and organs. Up to 60 percent of people with SLE are diagnosed with lupus nephritis, which can lead to significant illness and ... | Lupus Nephritis |
What is (are) Lupus Nephritis ? | The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Every day, the two kidneys filter about 120 to 150 of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid. The urine flows from the kidneys to the... | Lupus Nephritis |
What are the symptoms of Lupus Nephritis ? | The symptoms of lupus nephritis may include high blood pressure, foamy urine, and edemaswelling, usually in the legs, feet, or ankles and less often in the hands or face.
Kidney problems often develop at the same time or shortly after lupus symptoms appear and can include
- joint pain ... | Lupus Nephritis |
How to diagnose Lupus Nephritis ? | Lupus nephritis is diagnosed through urine and blood tests and a kidney biopsy:
- Urinalysis. Urinalysis is testing of a urine sample. The urine sample is collected in a special container in a health care providers office or commercial facility and can be tested in the same location or sent to a lab fo... | Lupus Nephritis |
What are the treatments for Lupus Nephritis ? | Lupus nephritis is treated with medications that suppress the immune system, so it stops attacking and damaging the kidneys. Standard treatment includes a corticosteroid, usually prednisone, to reduce inflammation in the kidneys. An immunosuppressive medication, such as cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mofetil, is typ... | Lupus Nephritis |
What are the complications of Lupus Nephritis ? | In many cases, treatment is effective in completely or partially controlling lupus nephritis, resulting in few, if any, further complications. However, even with treatment, 10 to 30 percent of people with lupus nephritis develop kidney failure, described as end-stage renal disease when treated with blood-filtering trea... | Lupus Nephritis |
What to do for Lupus Nephritis ? | Eating, diet, and nutrition have not been shown to play a role in causing or preventing lupus nephritis. People with kidney disease that progresses may need to talk with a health care provider about changes they may need to make to their diet. People with lupus nephritis and high blood pressure may benefit from reducin... | Lupus Nephritis |
What to do for Lupus Nephritis ? | - Lupus nephritis is kidney inflammation caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus). - The symptoms of lupus nephritis may include high blood pressure, foamy urine, and edema. - Lupus nephritis is diagnosed through urine and blood tests and a kidney biopsy. - Lupus nephritis is treated with medications th... | Lupus Nephritis |
What is (are) What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome ? | Interstitial cystitis*painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is one of several conditions that causes bladder pain and a need to urinate frequently and urgently. Some doctors have started using the term bladder pain syndrome (BPS) to describe this condition.
Your bladder is a balloon-shaped organ where your... | What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome |
What are the symptoms of What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome ? | Signs of bladder problems include
- Urgency. The feeling that you need to go right now! Urgency is normal if you haven't been near a bathroom for a few hours or if you have been drinking a lot of fluids. But you may have a problem if you have strong urges before your bladder has had time to fill. All ... | What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome |
What causes What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome ? | Many different problems can cause urgency, frequency, and bladder pain. Just a few of them are
- infections - bowel disorders - endometriosistissue that normally lines the womb that appears in other places outside of the womb - bladder cancer
Your doctor will ask you questions and r... | What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome |
Who is at risk for What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome? ? | Both men and women can get IC/PBS, though twice as many women are affected as men. It can occur at any age, but it is most common in middle age.
People with IC/PBS rarely have bladder pain all the time. The pain usually comes and goes as the bladder fills and then empties. The pain may go away for week... | What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome |
How to diagnose What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome ? | Finding the cause of bladder pain may require several tests.
While tests may aid your doctor in making a diagnosis of IC/PBS, a careful review of your symptoms and a physical exam in the office are generally the most important parts of the evaluation. | What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome |
What are the treatments for What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome ? | No one treatment for IC/PBS has been found that works for everyone. Your doctor or nurse will work with you to find a treatment plan that meets your special needs. The plan may include diet and lifestyle changes, bladder retraining, activity and exercise, physical therapy, and various types of medicines. You should exp... | What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome |
What to do for What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome ? | #NAME? | What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome |
What is (are) What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes ? | Gestational* diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops only during pregnancy. Diabetes means your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too high. Your body uses glucose for energy. Too much glucose in your blood is not good for you or your baby.
Gestational diabetes is usually diagnosed during ... | What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes |
What causes What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes ? | Gestational diabetes happens when your body can't make enough insulin during pregnancy. Insulin is a hormone made in your pancreas, an organ located behind your stomach. Insulin helps your body use glucose for energy and helps control your blood glucose levels.
During pregnancy, your body makes more ho... | What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes |
What is (are) What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes ? | Your chances of getting gestational diabetes are higher if you
- are overweight - have had gestational diabetes before - have given birth to a baby weighing more than 9 pounds - have a parent, brother, or sister with type 2 diabetes - have prediabetes, meaning your blood glucose levels are higher t... | What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes |
How to diagnose What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes ? | Doctors use blood tests to diagnose gestational diabetes. All diabetes blood tests involve drawing blood at a doctor's office or a commercial facility. Blood samples are sent to a lab for analysis.
Screening Glucose Challenge Test
For this test, you will drink a sugar... | What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes |
How to diagnose What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes ? | If you have gestational diabetes, your doctor may recommend that you have some extra tests to check your baby's health, such as
- ultrasound exams, which use sound waves to make images that show your baby's growth and whether your baby is larger than normal - a nonstress test, which uses a monitor pla... | What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes |
What are the treatments for What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes ? | Treating gestational diabetes means taking steps to keep your blood glucose levels in a target range. Targets are numbers you aim for. Your doctor will help you set your targets. You will learn how to control your blood glucose using
- healthy eating - physical activity - insulin shots, if needed | What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes |
What to do for What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes ? | Your health care team will help you make a healthy eating plan with food choices that are good for both you and your baby. These choices are good for you to follow throughout pregnancy and after, as you raise your family.
Using a healthy eating plan will help your blood glucose stay in your target rang... | What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes |
How to diagnose What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes ? | Your health care team may teach you how to test for chemicals called ketones in your morning urine or in your blood. High levels of ketones are a sign that your body is using your body fat for energy instead of the food you eat. Using fat for energy is not recommended during pregnancy. Ketones may be harmful for your b... | What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes |
How to prevent What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes ? | You can do a lot to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes by making these lifestyle changes:
- Reach and stay at a healthy weight. Try to reach your prepregnancy weight 6 to 12 months after your baby is born. Then, if you still weigh too much, work to lose at least 5 to 7 percent of your body weight and kee... | What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes |
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